Table of Contents


UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 20192020
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period From To
Commission file numberFile Number: 1-14122

D.R. Horton, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware75-2386963
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1341 Horton Circle
Arlington, Texas 76011
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
(817) 390-8200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Delaware75-2386963
Title of Each Class
(State or other jurisdiction
Trading SymbolName of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per shareDHINew York Stock Exchange
5.750% Senior Notes due 2023
1341 Horton Circle
Arlington, Texas 76011
DHI 23A(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(817) 390-8200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)New York Stock Exchange


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YesýNo¨
Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
YesýNo¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerý
ý
Accelerated filer¨
Non-accelerated filer¨
Smaller reporting company¨
Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  ☐    Noý
Yes  ¨    No  ý
Indicate the numberAs of April 22, 2020, there were 363,537,810 shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes ofregistrant’s common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Common stock, $.01 par value – 373,176,964 shares as of April 24, 2019$.01 per share, outstanding.







D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
 
Page





2

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


March 31,
2020
September 30,
2019
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents$1,522.8  $1,494.3  
Restricted cash14.5  19.7  
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash1,537.3  1,514.0  
Inventories:
Construction in progress and finished homes5,969.4  5,245.0  
Residential land and lots — developed and under development6,151.9  5,939.4  
Land held for development77.1  77.8  
Land held for sale26.1  19.8  
Total inventory12,224.5  11,282.0  
Mortgage loans held for sale1,379.4  1,072.0  
Deferred income taxes, net of valuation allowance of $17.8 million and $18.7 million
at March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively
149.5  163.1  
Property and equipment, net589.7  499.2  
Other assets1,086.1  912.8  
Goodwill163.5  163.5  
Total assets$17,130.0  $15,606.6  
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable$707.0  $634.0  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities1,381.6  1,278.1  
Notes payable4,306.6  3,399.4  
Total liabilities6,395.2  5,311.5  
Commitments and contingencies (Note L)
EQUITY
Preferred stock, $.10 par value, 30,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued—  —  
Common stock, $.01 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized, 394,279,177 shares issued
and 363,537,810 shares outstanding at March 31, 2020 and 392,172,821 shares issued
and 368,431,454 shares outstanding at September 30, 2019
3.9  3.9  
Additional paid-in capital3,191.3  3,179.1  
Retained earnings8,425.4  7,640.1  
Treasury stock, 30,741,367 shares and 23,741,367 shares at March 31, 2020
and September 30, 2019, respectively, at cost
(1,162.6) (802.2) 
Stockholders’ equity10,458.0  10,020.9  
Noncontrolling interests276.8  274.2  
Total equity10,734.8  10,295.1  
Total liabilities and equity$17,130.0  $15,606.6  

March 31,
2019

September 30,
2018

(In millions)
(Unaudited)
ASSETS


Cash and cash equivalents$698.8

$1,473.1
Restricted cash32.4

32.9
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash731.2
 1,506.0
Inventories:


Construction in progress and finished homes6,087.6

5,086.3
Residential land and lots — developed and under development5,672.9

5,172.4
Land held for development110.8

96.1
Land held for sale49.0

40.2
Total inventory11,920.3

10,395.0
Mortgage loans held for sale796.5

796.4
Deferred income taxes, net of valuation allowance of $17.0 million and $17.7 million
at March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively
171.9

194.0
Property and equipment, net437.9

401.1
Other assets785.7

712.9
Goodwill163.5

109.2
Total assets$15,007.0

$14,114.6
LIABILITIES


Accounts payable$658.5

$624.7
Accrued expenses and other liabilities1,192.1

1,127.5
Notes payable3,622.4

3,203.5
Total liabilities5,473.0

4,955.7
Commitments and contingencies (Note K)




EQUITY


Preferred stock, $.10 par value, 30,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued


Common stock, $.01 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized, 391,091,572 shares issued
and 373,132,964 shares outstanding at March 31, 2019 and 388,120,243 shares issued
and 376,261,635 shares outstanding at September 30, 2018
3.9

3.9
Additional paid-in capital3,123.4

3,085.0
Retained earnings6,771.6

6,217.9
Treasury stock, 17,958,608 shares and 11,858,608 shares at March 31, 2019
and September 30, 2018, respectively, at cost
(538.6)
(322.4)
Stockholders’ equity9,360.3

8,984.4
Noncontrolling interests173.7

174.5
Total equity9,534.0

9,158.9
Total liabilities and equity$15,007.0

$14,114.6








See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.



3

Table of Contents



D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

Three Months Ended
March 31,
Six Months Ended
March 31,
 2020201920202019
(In millions, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
Revenues$4,500.0  $4,128.7  $8,520.7  $7,647.7  
Cost of sales3,450.8  3,256.7  6,535.0  6,007.8  
Selling, general and administrative expense466.8  444.2  922.6  847.0  
Gain on sale of assets(28.5) (29.3) (59.5) (31.3) 
Other (income) expense(10.4) (5.7) (21.9) (14.3) 
Income before income taxes621.3  462.8  1,144.5  838.5  
Income tax expense137.3  108.4  228.1  197.4  
Net income484.0  354.4  916.4  641.1  
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests1.3  3.1  2.4  2.7  
Net income attributable to D.R. Horton, Inc.$482.7  $351.3  $914.0  $638.4  
Basic net income per common share attributable to D.R. Horton, Inc.$1.32  $0.94  $2.49  $1.71  
Weighted average number of common shares365.8  373.3  367.1  374.2  
Diluted net income per common share attributable to D.R. Horton, Inc.$1.30  $0.93  $2.46  $1.68  
Adjusted weighted average number of common shares370.1  377.7  371.8  378.9  

Three Months Ended 
 March 31,

Six Months Ended 
 March 31,
 2019
2018
2019
2018

(In millions, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
Revenues$4,128.7

$3,794.7

$7,647.7

$7,127.6
Cost of sales3,256.7

2,961.6

6,007.8

5,541.8
Selling, general and administrative expense444.2

400.9

847.0

785.1
Gain on sale of assets(29.3) (1.1) (31.3) (14.5)
Other (income) expense(5.7)
(11.5)
(14.3)
(20.9)
Income before income taxes462.8

444.8

838.5

836.1
Income tax expense108.4

94.0

197.4

296.4
Net income354.4

350.8

641.1

539.7
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests3.1

(0.2)
2.7

(0.6)
Net income attributable to D.R. Horton, Inc.$351.3

$351.0

$638.4

$540.3












Basic net income per common share attributable to D.R. Horton, Inc.$0.94

$0.93

$1.71

$1.44
Weighted average number of common shares373.3
 376.8
 374.2
 376.3
        
Diluted net income per common share attributable to D.R. Horton, Inc.$0.93

$0.91

$1.68

$1.41
Adjusted weighted average number of common shares377.7
 383.9
 378.9
 383.8




















































See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.



4

Table of Contents



D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF TOTAL EQUITY


Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Treasury
Stock
Non-controlling
Interests
Total
Equity
 (In millions, except common stock share data)
(Unaudited)
Balances at September 30, 2019 (368,431,454 shares)$3.9  $3,179.1  $7,640.1  $(802.2) $274.2  $10,295.1  
Net income—  —  431.3  —  1.2  432.5  
Exercise of stock options (258,800 shares)—  4.1  —  —  —  4.1  
Stock issued under employee benefit plans (582,936 shares)—  —  —  —  —  —  
Cash paid for shares withheld for taxes—  (17.3) —  —  —  (17.3) 
Stock-based compensation expense—  16.6  —  —  —  16.6  
Cash dividends declared ($0.175 per share)—  —  (64.6) —  —  (64.6) 
Repurchases of common stock (3,000,000 shares)—  —  —  (163.1) —  (163.1) 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests—  —  —  —  (0.4) (0.4) 
Change of ownership interest in Forestar—  (0.5) —  —  0.5  —  
Balances at December 31, 2019 (366,273,190 shares)$3.9  $3,182.0  $8,006.8  $(965.3) $275.5  $10,502.9  
Net income—  —  482.7  —  1.3  484.0  
Exercise of stock options (310,032 shares)—  6.2  —  —  —  6.2  
Stock issued under employee benefit plans (954,588 shares)—  2.6  —  —  —  2.6  
Cash paid for shares withheld for taxes—  (20.8) —  —  —  (20.8) 
Stock-based compensation expense—  21.3  —  —  —  21.3  
Cash dividends declared ($0.175 per share)—  —  (64.1) —  —  (64.1) 
Repurchases of common stock (4,000,000 shares)—  —  —  (197.3) —  (197.3) 
Balances at March 31, 2020 (363,537,810 shares)$3.9  $3,191.3  $8,425.4  $(1,162.6) $276.8  $10,734.8  
 
Common
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Non-controlling
Interests
 
Total
Equity
 
(In millions, except common stock share data)
(Unaudited)
Balances at September 30, 2018 (376,261,635 shares)$3.9
 $3,085.0
 $6,217.9
 $(322.4) $174.5
 $9,158.9
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASC 606 (see Note A)
 
 27.1
 
 
 27.1
Net income
 
 287.2
 
 (0.5) 286.7
Exercise of stock options (806,817 shares)
 8.6
 
 
 
 8.6
Stock issued under employee benefit plans (273,608 shares)
 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid for shares withheld for taxes
 (4.1) 
 
 
 (4.1)
Stock-based compensation expense
 18.1
 
 
 
 18.1
Cash dividends declared ($0.15 per share)
 
 (56.0) 
 
 (56.0)
Repurchases of common stock (4,100,000 shares)
 
 
 (140.6) 
 (140.6)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 (0.5) (0.5)
Balances at December 31, 2018 (373,242,060 shares)$3.9
 $3,107.6
 $6,476.2
 $(463.0) $173.5
 $9,298.2
Net income
 
 351.3
 
 3.1
 354.4
Exercise of stock options (831,489 shares)
 11.4
 
 
 
 11.4
Stock issued under employee benefit plans (1,059,415 shares)
 2.0
 
 
 0.3
 2.3
Cash paid for shares withheld for taxes
 (15.4) 
 
 
 (15.4)
Stock-based compensation expense
 17.8
 
 
 
 17.8
Cash dividends declared ($0.15 per share)
 
 (55.9) 
 
 (55.9)
Repurchases of common stock (2,000,000 shares)
 
 
 (75.6) 
 (75.6)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 (3.2) (3.2)
Balances at March 31, 2019 (373,132,964 shares)$3.9
 $3,123.4
 $6,771.6
 $(538.6) $173.7
 $9,534.0







































See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.



5

Table of Contents



D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF TOTAL EQUITY (Continued)


Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Treasury
Stock
Non-controlling
Interests
Total
Equity
 (In millions, except common stock share data)
(Unaudited)
Balances at September 30, 2018 (376,261,635 shares)$3.9  $3,085.0  $6,217.9  $(322.4) $174.5  $9,158.9  
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASC 606—  —  27.1  —  —  27.1  
Net income (loss)—  —  287.2  —  (0.5) 286.7  
Exercise of stock options (806,817 shares)—  8.6  —  —  —  8.6  
Stock issued under employee benefit plans (273,608 shares)—  —  —  —  —  —  
Cash paid for shares withheld for taxes—  (4.1) —  —  —  (4.1) 
Stock-based compensation expense—  18.1  —  —  —  18.1  
Cash dividends declared ($0.15 per share)—  —  (56.0) —  —  (56.0) 
Repurchases of common stock (4,100,000 shares)—  —  —  (140.6) —  (140.6) 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests—  —  —  —  (0.5) (0.5) 
Balances at December 31, 2018 (373,242,060 shares)$3.9  $3,107.6  $6,476.2  $(463.0) $173.5  $9,298.2  
Net income—  —  351.3  —  3.1  354.4  
Exercise of stock options (831,489 shares)—  11.4  —  —  —  11.4  
Stock issued under employee benefit plans (1,059,415 shares)—  2.0  —  —  0.3  2.3  
Cash paid for shares withheld for taxes—  (15.4) —  —  —  (15.4) 
Stock-based compensation expense—  17.8  —  —  —  17.8  
Cash dividends declared ($0.15 per share)—  —  (55.9) —  —  (55.9) 
Repurchases of common stock (2,000,000 shares)—  —  —  (75.6) —  (75.6) 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests—  —  —  —  (3.2) (3.2) 
Balances at March 31, 2019 (373,132,964 shares)$3.9  $3,123.4  $6,771.6  $(538.6) $173.7  $9,534.0  
 
Common
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Non-controlling
Interests
 
Total
Equity
 
(In millions, except common stock share data)
(Unaudited)
Balances at September 30, 2017 (374,986,079 shares)$3.8
 $2,992.2
 $4,946.0
 $(194.9) $0.5
 $7,747.6
Noncontrolling interests acquired
 
 
 
 175.2
 175.2
Net income
 
 189.3
 
 (0.5) 188.8
Exercise of stock options (916,913 shares)0.1
 14.7
 
 
 
 14.8
Stock issued under employee benefit plans (290,974 shares)
 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid for shares withheld for taxes
 (10.3) 
 
 
 (10.3)
Stock-based compensation expense
 13.6
 
 
 
 13.6
Cash dividends declared ($0.125 per share)
 
 (47.1) 
 
 (47.1)
Repurchases of common stock (500,000 shares)
 
 
 (25.4) 
 (25.4)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 (1.8) (1.8)
Balances at December 31, 2017 (375,693,966 shares)$3.9
 $3,010.2
 $5,088.2
 $(220.3) $173.4
 $8,055.4
Net income
 
 351.0
 
 (0.2) 350.8
Exercise of stock options (1,046,210 shares)
 16.3
 
 
 
 16.3
Stock issued under employee benefit plans (1,169,341 shares)
 1.8
 
 
 
 1.8
Stock-based compensation expense
 17.4
 
 
 
 17.4
Cash dividends declared ($0.125 per share)
 
 (47.1) 
 
 (47.1)
Repurchases of common stock (500,000 shares)
 
 
 (22.5) 
 (22.5)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 (0.2) (0.2)
Balances at March 31, 2018 (377,409,517 shares)$3.9
 $3,045.7
 $5,392.1
 $(242.8) $173.0
 $8,371.9


































See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.



6

Table of Contents



D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS


 Six Months Ended
March 31,
 20202019
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income$916.4  $641.1  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization38.8  34.1  
Amortization of discounts and fees5.8  5.1  
Stock-based compensation expense37.9  35.9  
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities(0.9) (0.5) 
Distributions of earnings of unconsolidated entities—  0.5  
Deferred income taxes10.0  12.6  
Inventory and land option charges12.8  21.8  
Gain on sale of assets(59.5) (31.3) 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in construction in progress and finished homes(724.4) (755.2) 
Increase in residential land and lots –
developed, under development, held for development and held for sale
(324.2) (445.6) 
Increase in other assets(153.1) (39.9) 
Net increase in mortgage loans held for sale(307.4) —  
Increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities152.7  59.7  
Net cash used in operating activities(395.1) (461.7) 
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Expenditures for property and equipment(47.6) (69.8) 
Proceeds from sale of assets129.8  83.8  
Expenditures related to rental properties(113.0) (28.3) 
Return of investment in unconsolidated entities2.4  4.4  
Net principal increase of other mortgage loans and real estate owned(0.6) (1.6) 
Payments related to business acquisitions(5.6) (309.6) 
Net cash used in investing activities(34.6) (321.1) 
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from notes payable1,591.3  1,815.0  
Repayment of notes payable(918.9) (1,531.0) 
Advances on mortgage repurchase facility, net297.6  53.0  
Proceeds from stock associated with certain employee benefit plans12.9  22.3  
Cash paid for shares withheld for taxes(38.1) (19.5) 
Cash dividends paid(128.7) (111.9) 
Repurchases of common stock(360.4) (216.2) 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests, net(0.4) (3.7) 
Other financing activities(2.3) —  
Net cash provided by financing activities453.0  8.0  
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash23.3  (774.8) 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period1,514.0  1,506.0  
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$1,537.3  $731.2  
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH ACTIVITIES:
Notes payable issued for inventory$—  $80.8  
Stock issued under employee incentive plans$84.3  $49.0  
Accrued expenditures for property and equipment$8.6  $10.9  
Accrual for holdback payment related to acquisition$3.9  $16.3  
 Six Months Ended 
 March 31,
 2019 2018
 (In millions)
(Unaudited)
OPERATING ACTIVITIES   
Net income$641.1
 $539.7
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:   
Depreciation and amortization34.1
 33.1
Amortization of discounts and fees5.1
 2.4
Stock-based compensation expense35.9
 31.0
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities(0.5) (2.7)
Distributions of earnings of unconsolidated entities0.5
 0.2
Deferred income taxes12.6
 145.0
Inventory and land option charges21.8
 33.8
Gain on sale of assets(31.3) (14.5)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:   
Increase in construction in progress and finished homes(755.2) (514.5)
Increase in residential land and lots –
     developed, under development, held for development and held for sale
(445.6) (271.5)
(Increase) decrease in other assets(39.9) 4.4
Increase in mortgage loans held for sale
 (70.7)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities59.7
 (14.5)
Net cash used in operating activities(461.7) (98.8)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES   
Expenditures for property and equipment(69.8) (39.5)
Proceeds from sale of assets83.8
 253.4
Expenditures related to multi-family rental properties(28.3) (39.5)
Return of investment in unconsolidated entities4.4
 15.1
Net principal increase of other mortgage loans and real estate owned(1.6) 
Payments related to business acquisitions, net of cash acquired(309.6) (158.1)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(321.1) 31.4
FINANCING ACTIVITIES   
Proceeds from notes payable1,815.0
 1,913.6
Repayment of notes payable(1,531.0) (1,752.5)
Advances on mortgage repurchase facility, net53.0
 69.8
Proceeds from stock associated with certain employee benefit plans22.3
 32.7
Cash paid for shares withheld for taxes(19.5) (10.3)
Cash dividends paid(111.9) (94.1)
Repurchases of common stock(216.2) (47.9)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests, net(3.7) (2.0)
Net cash provided by financing activities8.0
 109.3
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(774.8) 41.9
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period1,506.0
 1,024.3
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$731.2
 $1,066.2
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH ACTIVITIES:   
Notes payable issued for inventory$80.8
 $
Stock issued under employee incentive plans$49.0
 $63.4
Accrual for holdback payment related to acquisition$16.3
 $

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.



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D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
March 31, 20192020



NOTE A – BASIS OF PRESENTATION


The accompanying unaudited, consolidated financial statements include the accounts of D.R. Horton, Inc. and all of its 100% owned, majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries, which are collectively referred to as the Company, unless the context otherwise requires. Noncontrolling interests represent the proportionate equity interests in consolidated entities that are not 100% owned by the Company. The Company owns a 75%65% controlling interest in Forestar Group Inc. (Forestar) and therefore is required to consolidate 100% of Forestar within its consolidated financial statements, and the 25%35% interest the Company does not own is accounted for as noncontrolling interests. All intercompany accounts, transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.


The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, these financial statements reflect all adjustments considered necessary to fairly state the results for the interim periods shown, including normal recurring accruals and other items. These financial statements, including the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018,2019, which was derived from audited financial statements, do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018.2019.


Changes in Presentation and Reclassifications

In connection with the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-18 in fiscal 2019, restricted cash is now included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling beginning and ending amounts in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation, resulting in a decrease in cash used in investing activities of $38.9 million for the six months ended March 31, 2018.

In August 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued Final Rule Release No. 33-10532, “Disclosure Update and Simplification,” which makes a number of changes meant to simplify interim disclosures. In complying with the relevant aspects of the rule within the current year quarterly reports, the Company has removed the presentation of cash dividends declared per common share from the statements of operations and has added the consolidated statements of total equity.


Certain other prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

Adoption At the beginning of New Accounting Standard

On October 1, 2018,fiscal 2020, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification 606, "Revenuereclassified its single-family rental properties from Contracts with Customers" (ASC 606), which is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires revenueother assets to be recognizedproperty and equipment in its homebuilding segment. Reclassification of the prior period amount resulted in a manner to depict the transfer of goods or services$37.0 million decrease in other assets with a corresponding increase in property and satisfaction of performance obligations to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. The Company applied the modified retrospective method to contracts that were not completed as of October 1, 2018. Results for the reporting period beginning after October 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts were not adjusted and will continue to be reported under the previous accounting standards. The Company recorded an increase to retained earnings of $27.1 million, net of tax, as of October 1, 2018, due to the cumulativeequipment at September 30, 2019. This reclassification had no effect of adopting ASC 606, which was primarily related to the recognition of contract assets totaling $32.4 million for insurance brokerage commission renewals. Under ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue and a contract asset for estimated future renewals of these policies upon issuance of the initial policy, the date at which the performance obligation is satisfied. There was not a material impact to revenues as a result of applying ASC 606 for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, and there have not been significant changes toon the Company’s business processes, systems,consolidated financial position or internal controls as a resultresults of implementing the standard.operations.



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D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 2019




Use of Estimates


The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.


Seasonality


Historically, the homebuilding industry has experienced seasonal fluctuations; therefore, the operating results for the three and six months ended March 31, 20192020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending September 30, 20192020 or subsequent periods.


Revenue Recognition

Homebuilding revenue and related profit are generally recognized at the timeAdoption of the closing of a sale, when title to and possession of the property are transferred to the buyer. The Company’s performance obligation, to deliver the agreed-upon home, is generally satisfied in less than one year from the original contract date. Proceeds from home closings held for the Company’s benefit at title companies are included in homebuilding cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company rarely purchases land for resale, but periodically may elect to sell parcels of land that no longer fit into its strategic operating plans. Cash consideration from land sales is typically due on the closing date, which is generally when performance obligations are satisfied.

Financial services revenues associated with the Company’s title operations are recognized as closing services are rendered and title insurance policies are issued, both of which generally occur simultaneously as each home is closed. The Company transfers substantially all underwriting risk associated with title insurance policies to third-party insurers. The Company typically elects the fair value option for its mortgage loan originations. Mortgage loans held for sale are initially recorded at fair value based on either sale commitments or current market quotes and are adjusted for subsequent changes in fair value until the loans are sold. Net origination costs and fees associated with mortgage loans are recognized at the time of origination. The expected net future cash flows related to the associated servicing of a loan are included in the measurement of all written loan commitments that are accounted for at fair value through earnings at the time of commitment. The Company sells substantially all of the mortgages it originates and the related servicing rights to third-party purchasers. Interest income is earned from the date a mortgage loan is originated until the loan is sold.

The Company collects insurance commissions on homeowner policies placed with third party carriers through its wholly owned insurance agency. The Company recognizes revenue and a contract asset for estimated future renewals of these policies upon issuance of the initial policy, the date at which the performance obligation is satisfied.

Business Acquisitions

During the first quarter of fiscal 2019, the Company acquired the homebuilding operations of Westport Homes, Classic Builders and Terramor Homes for $325.9 million. The assets acquired included approximately 700 homes in inventory, 4,500 lots and control of approximately 4,300 additional lots through land purchase contracts. The Company also acquired a sales order backlog of approximately 700 homes. Westport Homes operates in Indianapolis and Fort Wayne, Indiana, and Columbus, Ohio; Classic Builders operates in Des Moines, Iowa; and Terramor Homes operates in Raleigh, North Carolina.



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D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 2019



The Company’s allocation of the aggregate purchase price to the assets and liabilities acquired through these transactions is not finalized and is subject to revision as additional information becomes available and more detailed analyses are completed. The preliminary allocation of the purchase price to the assets and liabilities acquired is as follows (in millions):
Inventories$265.5
Other assets23.3
Goodwill54.3
Intangible assets8.6
Other liabilities(25.8)
     Net assets acquired$325.9

As a result of these transactions, the Company’s preliminary estimate of goodwill is $54.3 million, of which $49.7 million was allocated to the Midwest region and $4.6 million was allocated to the East region. The goodwill is tax deductible and relates to expected synergies from expanding the Company’s market presence in its Midwest and East regions, the experienced and knowledgeable workforce of these entities and their capital efficient operating processes. The intangible assets will be amortized on a straight-line basis to selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expense over their expected lives, which range from one to three years.

PendingNew Accounting Standards


In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASUAccounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02, “Leases,” which requires that lease assets and liabilities be recognized on the balance sheet and that key information about leasing arrangements be disclosed. The guidance iswas effective for the Company beginning October 1, 2019 although early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating theand did not have a material impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial position, results of operations andor cash flows. As a result of the adoption of this standard on October 1, 2019, the Company recorded right of use assets of $39.0 million and lease liabilities of $40.3 million. Lease right of use assets are included in other assets and lease liabilities are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.



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D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 2020



In March 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) adopted amendments to the financial disclosure requirements applicable to registered debt offerings that include credit enhancements, such as subsidiary guarantees, in Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X. The amended rule focuses on providing material, relevant and decision-useful information regarding guarantees and other credit enhancements, while eliminating certain prescriptive requirements. The rule is effective January 4, 2021 but earlier compliance is permitted. The Company adopted these amendments on March 31, 2020. Accordingly, summarized financial information has been presented only for the issuers and guarantors of the Company's registered securities for the most recent fiscal year and the year-to-date interim period, and the location of the required disclosures has been moved from Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements to Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Pending Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses,” which replaces the current incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information in determining credit loss estimates. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning October 1, 2020 and is not expected to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.


In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other,” which simplifies the measurement of goodwill impairment by removing the second step of the goodwill impairment test and requires the determination of the fair value of individual assets and liabilities of a reporting unit. Under the new guidance, goodwill impairment is measured as the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value with the loss recognized limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning October 1, 2020 and is not expected to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.



In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12 related to simplifying the accounting for income taxes. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning October 1, 2021, although early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance, and it is not expected to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.


In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform,” which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by the discontinuation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or by another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The guidance was effective beginning March 12, 2020 and the Company may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. This guidance has not and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.



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D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 20192020







NOTE B – SEGMENT INFORMATION


The Company is a national homebuilder that is primarily engaged in the acquisition and development of land and the construction and sale of residential homes, with operations in 8489 markets inacross 29 states across the United States.states. The Company’s operating segments are its 5152 homebuilding divisions, its majority-owned Forestar residential lot development operations, its financial services operations and its other business activities. The Company’s reporting segments are its homebuilding reporting segments, its Forestar landlot development segment and its financial services segment. The homebuilding operating segments are aggregated into the following six6 reporting segments: East, Midwest, Southeast, South Central, Southwest and West. These reporting segments have homebuilding operations located in the following states:
East:Delaware, Georgia (Savannah only), Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Virginia
Midwest:Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota and Ohio
Southeast:Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi and Tennessee
South Central:Louisiana, Oklahoma and Texas
Southwest:Arizona and New Mexico
West:California, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon, Utah and Washington


The Company’s homebuilding divisions design, build and sell single-family detached homes on lots they develop and on fully developed lots purchased ready for home construction. To a lesser extent, the homebuilding divisions also build and sell attached homes, such as townhomes, duplexes and triplexes. Most of the revenue generated by the Company’s homebuilding operations is from the sale of completed homes and to a lesser extent from the sale of land and lots.


The Forestar segment is a residential lot development company with operations in 4150 markets across 21 states. Forestar has made significant investments in land acquisition and 17 states.development to expand its business across the United States. The Company’s homebuilding divisions and Forestar are identifying land development opportunities to expand Forestar’s platform, and the homebuilding divisions are acquiringacquire finished lots from Forestar in accordance with the master supply agreement between the two companies. Forestar’s segment results are presented on their historical cost basis, consistent with the manner in which management evaluates segment performance.


The Company’s financial services segment provides mortgage financing and title agency services to homebuyers in many of the Company’s homebuilding markets. The segment generates the substantial majority of its revenues from originating and selling mortgages and collecting fees for title insurance agency and closing services. The Company sells substantially all of the mortgages it originates and the related servicing rights to third-party purchasers.


In addition to its homebuilding, Forestar and financial services operations, the Company has subsidiaries that engage in other business activities. These subsidiaries conduct insurance-related operations, construct and own income-producing multi-family rental properties, own non-residential real estate including ranch land and improvements and own and operate oil and gas related assets. One of these subsidiaries, DHI Communities, constructs multi-family rental properties and has four projects under active construction and two projects that are substantially complete at March 31, 2019. In January 2019, DHI Communities sold its first multi-family rental property for $73.4 million and recorded a gain on the sale of $29.3 million, which is included in the consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019. At March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, the consolidated balance sheets included $170.2 million and $173.2 million, respectively, of assets related to DHI Communities. The operating results of these subsidiaries are immaterial for separate reporting and therefore are grouped together and presented as other. One of these subsidiaries, DHI Communities, constructs multi-family rental properties and has 3 projects under active construction and 1 project that was substantially complete at March 31, 2020. In November 2019, DHI Communities sold a multi-family rental property for $61.5 million and recorded a gain on the sale of $31.2 million. In February 2020, DHI Communities sold a multi-family rental property for $67.0 million and recorded a gain on the sale of $28.2 million. At March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, the consolidated balance sheets included $202.8 million and $204.0 million, respectively, of assets owned by DHI Communities.





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D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 20192020







The accounting policies of the reporting segments are described throughout Note A included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018.2019. Financial information relating to the Company’s reporting segments is as follows:
 March 31, 2019March 31, 2020
 Homebuilding Forestar (1) Financial Services Other (2) Eliminations (3) Other Adjustments (4) ConsolidatedHomebuildingForestar (1)Financial ServicesOther (2)Eliminations (3)Other Adjustments (4)Consolidated
 (In millions)(In millions)
Assets              Assets
Cash and cash equivalents $557.3
 $66.4
 $61.1
 $14.0
 $
 $
 $698.8
Cash and cash equivalents$1,012.6  $438.2  $45.8  $26.2  $—  $—  $1,522.8  
Restricted cash 9.4
 15.7
 7.3
 
 
 
 32.4
Restricted cash7.8  —  6.6  0.1  —  —  14.5  
Inventories:              Inventories:
Construction in progress and finished homes 6,086.1
 
 
 
 1.5
 
 6,087.6
Construction in progress and finished homes6,003.8  —  —  —  (34.4) —  5,969.4  
Residential land and lots — developed and under development 4,879.4
 803.0
 
 
 (22.1) 12.6
 5,672.9
Residential land and lots — developed and under development5,009.6  1,171.0  —  —  (29.9) 1.2  6,151.9  
Land held for development 62.3
 48.5
 
 
 
 
 110.8
Land held for development48.9  28.2  —  —  —  —  77.1  
Land held for sale 49.0
 
 
 
 
 
 49.0
Land held for sale26.1  —  —  —  —  —  26.1  

 11,076.8
 851.5
 
 
 (20.6) 12.6
 11,920.3

11,088.4  1,199.2  —  —  (64.3) 1.2  12,224.5  
Mortgage loans held for sale 
 
 796.5
 
 
 
 796.5
Mortgage loans held for sale—  —  1,379.4  —  —  —  1,379.4  
Deferred income taxes, net 155.0
 22.9
 
 
 1.5
 (7.5) 171.9
Deferred income taxes, net136.7  8.0  —  —  10.8  (6.0) 149.5  
Property and equipment, net 220.2
 2.4
 3.4
 211.9
 
 
 437.9
Property and equipment, net327.2  1.0  3.3  259.2  (1.0) —  589.7  
Other assets 732.8
 26.0
 52.1
 37.4
 (75.2) 12.6
 785.7
Other assets891.5  29.2  203.5  47.9  (97.6) 11.6  1,086.1  
Goodwill 134.3
 
 
 
 
 29.2
 163.5
Goodwill134.3  —  —  —  —  29.2  163.5  
 $12,885.8
 $984.9
 $920.4
 $263.3
 $(94.3) $46.9
 $15,007.0
$13,598.5  $1,675.6  $1,638.6  $333.4  $(152.1) $36.0  $17,130.0  
Liabilities              Liabilities
Accounts payable $631.7
 $16.1
 $9.4
 $3.0
 $(1.7) $
 $658.5
Accounts payable$670.6  $23.1  $0.2  $13.1  $—  $—  $707.0  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 1,102.2
 131.9
 43.8
 10.9
 (83.3) (13.4) 1,192.1
Accrued expenses and other liabilities1,165.7  175.6  146.7  10.5  (105.1) (11.8) 1,381.6  
Notes payable 2,777.2
 149.2
 690.7
 
 
 5.3
 3,622.4
Notes payable2,480.0  640.1  1,186.5  —  —  —  4,306.6  
 $4,511.1
 $297.2
 $743.9
 $13.9
 $(85.0) $(8.1) $5,473.0
$4,316.3  $838.8  $1,333.4  $23.6  $(105.1) $(11.8) $6,395.2  
______________
(1)Amounts are presented on Forestar’s historical cost basis, consistent with the manner in which management evaluates segment performance. All purchase accounting adjustments are included in the Other Adjustments column.
(2)Amounts represent the aggregate balances of certain subsidiaries that are immaterial for separate reporting.
(3)Amounts represent the elimination of intercompany transactions.
(4)Amounts represent purchase accounting adjustments related to the Forestar acquisition.

(1)Amounts are presented on Forestar’s historical cost basis, consistent with the manner in which management evaluates segment performance. All purchase accounting adjustments are included in the Other Adjustments column.
(2)Amounts represent the aggregate balances of certain subsidiaries that are immaterial for separate reporting.
(3)Amounts represent the elimination of intercompany transactions.
(4)Amounts represent purchase accounting adjustments related to the Forestar acquisition.



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D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 20192020







 September 30, 2018September 30, 2019
 Homebuilding Forestar (1) Financial Services Other (2) Eliminations (3) Other Adjustments (4) ConsolidatedHomebuildingForestar (1)Financial ServicesOther (2)Eliminations (3)Other Adjustments (4)Consolidated
 (In millions)(In millions)
Assets              Assets
Cash and cash equivalents $1,111.8
 $318.8
 $33.7
 $8.8
 $
 $
 $1,473.1
Cash and cash equivalents$1,043.0  $382.8  $43.4  $25.1  $—  $—  $1,494.3  
Restricted cash 8.6
 16.2
 8.1
 
 
 
 32.9
Restricted cash8.0  —  11.6  0.1  —  —  19.7  
Inventories:              Inventories:
Construction in progress and finished homes 5,084.4
 
 
 
 1.9
 
 5,086.3
Construction in progress and finished homes5,249.0  —  —  —  (4.0) —  5,245.0  
Residential land and lots — developed and under development 4,689.3
 463.1
 
 
 (7.2) 27.2
 5,172.4
Residential land and lots — developed and under development4,956.1  1,011.8  —  —  (31.4) 2.9  5,939.4  
Land held for development 61.2
 34.9
 
 
 
 
 96.1
Land held for development60.7  17.1  —  —  —  —  77.8  
Land held for sale 40.2
 
 
 
 
 
 40.2
Land held for sale19.8  —  —  —  —  —  19.8  

 9,875.1
 498.0
 
 
 (5.3) 27.2
 10,395.0

10,285.6  1,028.9  —  —  (35.4) 2.9  11,282.0  
Mortgage loans held for sale 
 
 796.4
 
 
 
 796.4
Mortgage loans held for sale—  —  1,072.0  —  —  —  1,072.0  
Deferred income taxes, net 176.5
 26.9
 
 
 1.1
 (10.5) 194.0
Deferred income taxes, net146.4  17.4  —  —  5.1  (5.8) 163.1  
Property and equipment, net 207.1
 1.8
 3.0
 189.2
 
 
 401.1
Property and equipment, net272.4  2.4  3.2  221.2  —  —  499.2  
Other assets 673.7
 31.4
 43.6
 0.9
 (48.6) 11.9
 712.9
Other assets826.2  24.2  68.3  71.5  (88.5) 11.1  912.8  
Goodwill 80.0
 
 
 
 
 29.2
 109.2
Goodwill134.3  —  —  —  —  29.2  163.5  
 $12,132.8
 $893.1
 $884.8
 $198.9
 $(52.8) $57.8
 $14,114.6
$12,715.9  $1,455.7  $1,198.5  $317.9  $(118.8) $37.4  $15,606.6  
Liabilities              Liabilities
Accounts payable $612.4
 $11.2
 $0.2
 $4.2
 $(3.3) $
 $624.7
Accounts payable$598.6  $16.8  $7.0  $11.6  $—  $—  $634.0  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 1,041.3
 95.7
 41.9
 9.9
 (46.1) (15.2) 1,127.5
Accrued expenses and other liabilities1,152.5  169.5  53.0  9.3  (93.6) (12.6) 1,278.1  
Notes payable 2,445.9
 111.7
 637.7
 
 
 8.2
 3,203.5
Notes payable2,047.6  460.5  888.9  —  —  2.4  3,399.4  
 $4,099.6
 $218.6
 $679.8
 $14.1
 $(49.4) $(7.0) $4,955.7
$3,798.7  $646.8  $948.9  $20.9  $(93.6) $(10.2) $5,311.5  
______________
(1)Amounts are presented on Forestar’s historical cost basis, consistent with the manner in which management evaluates segment performance. All purchase accounting adjustments are included in the Other Adjustments column.
(2)Amounts represent the aggregate balances of certain subsidiaries that are immaterial for separate reporting.
(3)Amounts represent the elimination of intercompany transactions and the reclassification of Forestar interest expense to inventory.
(4)Amounts represent purchase accounting adjustments related to the Forestar acquisition.

(1)Amounts are presented on Forestar’s historical cost basis, consistent with the manner in which management evaluates segment performance. All purchase accounting adjustments are included in the Other Adjustments column.
(2)Amounts represent the aggregate balances of certain subsidiaries that are immaterial for separate reporting.
(3)Amounts represent the elimination of intercompany transactions.
(4)Amounts represent purchase accounting adjustments related to the Forestar acquisition.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 20192020







Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2019HomebuildingForestar (1)Financial ServicesOther (2)Eliminations (3)Other Adjustments (4)Consolidated
 Homebuilding Forestar (1) Financial Services Other (2) Eliminations (3) Other Adjustments (4) Consolidated(In millions)
 (In millions)
Revenues:              
RevenuesRevenues
Home sales $3,980.5
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $3,980.5
Home sales$4,363.3  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $4,363.3  
Land/lot sales and other 14.9
 65.4
 
 6.0
 (39.7) 
 46.6
Land/lot sales and other15.5  159.1  —  9.5  (151.9) —  32.2  
Financial services 
 
 101.6
 
 
 
 101.6
Financial services—  —  104.5  —  —  —  104.5  
 3,995.4
 65.4
 101.6
 6.0
 (39.7) 
 4,128.7
4,378.8  159.1  104.5  9.5  (151.9) —  4,500.0  
Cost of sales:              
Cost of salesCost of sales
Home sales (5) 3,214.2
 
 
 
 (0.7) 
 3,213.5
Home sales (5)3,435.5  —  —  —  (11.0) —  3,424.5  
Land/lot sales and other 9.3
 43.7
 
 
 (31.8) 8.2
 29.4
Land/lot sales and other11.3  136.5  —  —  (130.4) —  17.4  
Inventory and land option charges 13.8
 
 
 
 
 
 13.8
Inventory and land option charges8.8  0.1  —  —  —  —  8.9  
 3,237.3
 43.7
 
 
 (32.5) 8.2
 3,256.7
3,455.6  136.6  —  —  (141.4) —  3,450.8  
Selling, general and administrative expense 359.3
 6.2
 71.3
 7.3
 
 0.1
 444.2
Selling, general and administrative expense361.8  11.2  85.9  7.8  —  0.1  466.8  
Gain on sale of assets 
 
 
 (29.3) 
 
 (29.3)Gain on sale of assets—  (0.3) —  (28.2) —  —  (28.5) 
Other (income) expense (1.6) (0.9) (3.7) 0.5
 
 
 (5.7)Other (income) expense(4.1) (2.1) (6.1) 1.9  —  —  (10.4) 
Income before income taxes $400.4
 $16.4
 $34.0
 $27.5
 $(7.2) $(8.3) $462.8
Income before income taxes$565.5  $13.7  $24.7  $28.0  $(10.5) $(0.1) $621.3  
______________
(1)Results are presented on Forestar’s historical cost basis, consistent with the manner in which management evaluates segment performance. All purchase accounting adjustments are included in the Other Adjustments column.
(2)Amounts represent the aggregate results of certain subsidiaries that are immaterial for separate reporting.
(3)Amounts represent the elimination of intercompany transactions.
(4)Amounts represent purchase accounting adjustments related to the Forestar acquisition.
(5)Amount in the Eliminations column represents the profit on lots sold from Forestar to the homebuilding segment. Intercompany profit is eliminated in the consolidated financial statements when Forestar sells lots to the homebuilding segment and is recognized in the consolidated financial statements when the homebuilding segment closes homes on the lots to homebuyers.

(1)Results are presented on Forestar’s historical cost basis, consistent with the manner in which management evaluates segment performance. All purchase accounting adjustments are included in the Other Adjustments column.

(2)Amounts represent the aggregate results of certain subsidiaries that are immaterial for separate reporting.
(3)Amounts represent the elimination of intercompany transactions.
(4)Amounts represent purchase accounting adjustments related to the Forestar acquisition.
(5)Amount in the Eliminations column represents the profit on lots sold from Forestar to the homebuilding segment. Intercompany profit is eliminated in the consolidated financial statements when Forestar sells lots to the homebuilding segment and is recognized in the consolidated financial statements when the homebuilding segment closes homes on the lots to homebuyers.



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D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 20192020







 Six Months Ended March 31, 2019Six Months Ended March 31, 2020
 Homebuilding Forestar (1) Financial Services Other (2) Eliminations (3) Other Adjustments (4) ConsolidatedHomebuildingForestar (1)Financial ServicesOther (2)Eliminations (3)Other Adjustments (4)Consolidated
 (In millions)(In millions)
Revenues:              Revenues:
Home sales $7,391.2
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $7,391.2
Home sales$8,226.6  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $8,226.6  
Land/lot sales and other 21.7
 103.8
 
 12.8
 (68.7) 
 69.6
Land/lot sales and other35.2  406.4  —  18.3  (373.2) —  86.7  
Financial services 
 
 186.9
 
 
 
 186.9
Financial services—  —  207.4  —  —  —  207.4  
 7,412.9
 103.8
 186.9
 12.8
 (68.7) 
 7,647.7
8,261.8  406.4  207.4  18.3  (373.2) —  8,520.7  
Cost of sales:              Cost of sales:
Home sales (5) 5,943.4
 
 
 
 (1.7) 
 5,941.7
Home sales (5)6,487.0  —  —  —  (17.7) —  6,469.3  
Land/lot sales and other 14.5
 74.3
 
 
 (56.3) 11.8
 44.3
Land/lot sales and other24.7  352.8  —  —  (323.9) (0.7) 52.9  
Inventory and land option charges 21.8
 
 
 
 
 
 21.8
Inventory and land option charges12.4  0.4  —  —  —  —  12.8  
 5,979.7
 74.3
 
 
 (58.0) 11.8
 6,007.8
6,524.1  353.2  —  —  (341.6) (0.7) 6,535.0  
Selling, general and administrative expense 683.9
 11.9
 137.0
 13.9
 
 0.3
 847.0
Selling, general and administrative expense720.2  21.7  163.8  16.7  —  0.2  922.6  
Gain on sale of assets (2.0) (0.9) 
 (29.3) 
 0.9
 (31.3)Gain on sale of assets—  (0.1) —  (59.4) —  —  (59.5) 
Other (income) expense (3.5) (2.8) (7.7) (0.3) 
 
 (14.3)Other (income) expense(9.6) (4.2) (11.6) 3.5  —  —  (21.9) 
Income before income taxes $754.8
 $21.3
 $57.6
 $28.5
 $(10.7) $(13.0) $838.5
Income before income taxes$1,027.1  $35.8  $55.2  $57.5  $(31.6) $0.5  $1,144.5  
Summary Cash Flow Information:              Summary Cash Flow Information:
Depreciation and amortization $30.1
 $0.1
 $0.7
 $2.9
 $
 $0.3
 $34.1
Depreciation and amortization$33.7  $0.1  $0.8  $3.9  $—  $0.3  $38.8  
Cash (used in) provided by operating activities $(215.9) $(283.4) $48.8
 $(4.1) $(2.7) $(4.4) $(461.7)
Cash provided by (used in) operating activitiesCash provided by (used in) operating activities$52.1  $(123.8) $(312.1) $5.5  $(16.8) $—  $(395.1) 
______________
(1)Results are presented on Forestar’s historical cost basis, consistent with the manner in which management evaluates segment performance. All purchase accounting adjustments are included in the Other Adjustments column.
(2)Amounts represent the aggregate results of certain subsidiaries that are immaterial for separate reporting.
(3)Amounts represent the elimination of intercompany transactions.
(4)Amounts represent purchase accounting adjustments related to the Forestar acquisition.
(5)Amount in the Eliminations column represents the profit on lots sold from Forestar to the homebuilding segment. Intercompany profit is eliminated in the consolidated financial statements when Forestar sells lots to the homebuilding segment and is recognized in the consolidated financial statements when the homebuilding segment closes homes on the lots to homebuyers.

(1)Results are presented on Forestar’s historical cost basis, consistent with the manner in which management evaluates segment performance. All purchase accounting adjustments are included in the Other Adjustments column.

(2)Amounts represent the aggregate results of certain subsidiaries that are immaterial for separate reporting.
(3)Amounts represent the elimination of intercompany transactions.
(4)Amounts represent purchase accounting adjustments related to the Forestar acquisition.
(5)Amount in the Eliminations column represents the profit on lots sold from Forestar to the homebuilding segment. Intercompany profit is eliminated in the consolidated financial statements when Forestar sells lots to the homebuilding segment and is recognized in the consolidated financial statements when the homebuilding segment closes homes on the lots to homebuyers.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 20192020








Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018HomebuildingForestar (1)Financial ServicesOther (2)Eliminations (3)Other Adjustments (4)Consolidated
 Homebuilding Forestar (1) Financial Services Other (2) Eliminations (3) Other Adjustments (4) Consolidated(In millions)
 (In millions)
Revenues:              
RevenuesRevenues
Home sales $3,672.1
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $3,672.1
Home sales$3,980.5  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $3,980.5  
Land/lot sales and other 13.6
 22.6
 
 
 (8.5) 
 27.7
Land/lot sales and other14.9  65.4  —  6.0  (39.7) —  46.6  
Financial services 
 
 94.9
 
 
 
 94.9
Financial services—  —  101.6  —  —  —  101.6  
 3,685.7
 22.6
 94.9
 
 (8.5) 
 3,794.7
3,995.4  65.4  101.6  6.0  (39.7) —  4,128.7  
Cost of sales:              
Home sales 2,907.5
 
 
 
 
 
 2,907.5
Cost of salesCost of sales
Home sales (5)Home sales (5)3,214.2  —  —  —  (0.7) —  3,213.5  
Land/lot sales and other 12.0
 16.2
 
 
 (6.7) 2.5
 24.0
Land/lot sales and other9.3  43.7  —  —  (31.8) 8.2  29.4  
Inventory and land option charges 30.1
 
 
 
 
 
 30.1
Inventory and land option charges13.8  —  —  —  —  —  13.8  
 2,949.6
 16.2
 
 
 (6.7) 2.5
 2,961.6
3,237.3  43.7  —  —  (32.5) 8.2  3,256.7  
Selling, general and administrative expense 322.7
 5.6
 66.7
 5.8
 
 0.1
 400.9
Selling, general and administrative expense359.3  6.2  71.3  7.3  —  0.1  444.2  
Gain on sale of assets 
 (2.7) 
 
 
 1.6
 (1.1)Gain on sale of assets—  —  —  (29.3) —  —  (29.3) 
Interest expense 
 2.1
 
 
 (2.1) 
 
Other (income) expense (2.6) (3.2) (3.2) (3.6) 
 1.1
 (11.5)Other (income) expense(1.6) (0.9) (3.7) 0.5  —  —  (5.7) 
Income (loss) before income taxes $416.0
 $4.6
 $31.4
 $(2.2) $0.3
 $(5.3) $444.8
Income before income taxesIncome before income taxes$400.4  $16.4  $34.0  $27.5  $(7.2) $(8.3) $462.8  
______________
(1)Results are presented on Forestar’s historical cost basis, consistent with the manner in which management evaluates segment performance. All purchase accounting adjustments are included in the Other Adjustments column.
(2)Amounts represent the aggregate results of certain subsidiaries that are immaterial for separate reporting.
(3)Amounts represent the elimination of intercompany transactions and the reclassification of Forestar interest expense to inventory.
(4)Amounts represent purchase accounting adjustments related to the Forestar acquisition.

(1)Results are presented on Forestar’s historical cost basis, consistent with the manner in which management evaluates segment performance. All purchase accounting adjustments are included in the Other Adjustments column.

(2)Amounts represent the aggregate results of certain subsidiaries that are immaterial for separate reporting.
(3)Amounts represent the elimination of intercompany transactions.
(4)Amounts represent purchase accounting adjustments related to the Forestar acquisition.
(5)Amount in the Eliminations column represents the profit on lots sold from Forestar to the homebuilding segment. Intercompany profit is eliminated in the consolidated financial statements when Forestar sells lots to the homebuilding segment and is recognized in the consolidated financial statements when the homebuilding segment closes homes on the lots to homebuyers.



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D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 20192020







 Six Months Ended March 31, 2018Six Months Ended March 31, 2019
 Homebuilding Forestar (1) Financial Services Other (2) Eliminations (3) Other Adjustments (4) ConsolidatedHomebuildingForestar (1)Financial ServicesOther (2)Eliminations (3)Other Adjustments (4)Consolidated
 (In millions)(In millions)
Revenues:              Revenues:
Home sales $6,856.6
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $6,856.6
Home sales$7,391.2  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $7,391.2  
Land/lot sales and other 50.0
 53.5
 
 
 (8.5) 
 95.0
Land/lot sales and other21.7  103.8  —  12.8  (68.7) —  69.6  
Financial services 
 
 176.0
 
 
 
 176.0
Financial services—  —  186.9  —  —  —  186.9  
 6,906.6
 53.5
 176.0
 
 (8.5) 
 7,127.6
7,412.9  103.8  186.9  12.8  (68.7) —  7,647.7  
Cost of sales:              Cost of sales:
Home sales 5,429.0
 
 
 
 
 
 5,429.0
Home sales (5)Home sales (5)5,943.4  —  —  —  (1.7) —  5,941.7  
Land/lot sales and other 43.3
 35.5
 
 
 (6.7) 6.9
 79.0
Land/lot sales and other14.5  74.3  —  —  (56.3) 11.8  44.3  
Inventory and land option charges 33.8
 
 
 
 
 
 33.8
Inventory and land option charges21.8  —  —  —  —  —  21.8  
 5,506.1
 35.5
 
 
 (6.7) 6.9
 5,541.8
5,979.7  74.3  —  —  (58.0) 11.8  6,007.8  
Selling, general and administrative expense 627.5
 19.1
 128.4
 9.8
 
 0.3
 785.1
Selling, general and administrative expense683.9  11.9  137.0  13.9  —  0.3  847.0  
Gain on sale of assets (13.4) (2.7) 
 
 
 1.6
 (14.5)Gain on sale of assets(2.0) (0.9) —  (29.3) —  0.9  (31.3) 
Interest expense 
 4.2
 
 
 (4.2) 
 
Other (income) expense (3.4) (11.3) (6.1) (6.5) 
 6.4
 (20.9)Other (income) expense(3.5) (2.8) (7.7) (0.3) —  —  (14.3) 
Income (loss) before income taxes $789.8
 $8.7
 $53.7
 $(3.3) $2.4
 $(15.2) $836.1
Income before income taxesIncome before income taxes$754.8  $21.3  $57.6  $28.5  $(10.7) $(13.0) $838.5  
Summary Cash Flow Information:              Summary Cash Flow Information:
Depreciation and amortization $26.3
 $2.5
 $0.7
 $3.3
 $
 $0.3
 $33.1
Depreciation and amortization$30.1  $0.1  $0.7  $2.9  $—  $0.3  $34.1  
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities $90.7
 $(150.2) $(30.7) $(0.5) $
 $(8.1) $(98.8)
Cash (used in) provided by operating activitiesCash (used in) provided by operating activities$(215.9) $(283.4) $48.8  $(4.1) $(2.7) $(4.4) $(461.7) 
______________
(1)Results are presented from the date of acquisition and on Forestar’s historical cost basis, consistent with the manner in which management evaluates segment performance. All purchase accounting adjustments are included in the Other Adjustments column.
(2)Amounts represent the aggregate results of certain subsidiaries that are immaterial for separate reporting.
(3)Amounts represent the elimination of intercompany transactions and the reclassification of Forestar interest expense to inventory.
(4)Amounts represent purchase accounting adjustments related to the Forestar acquisition.



(1)Results are presented on Forestar’s historical cost basis, consistent with the manner in which management evaluates segment performance. All purchase accounting adjustments are included in the Other Adjustments column.
(2)Amounts represent the aggregate results of certain subsidiaries that are immaterial for separate reporting.
(3)Amounts represent the elimination of intercompany transactions.
(4)Amounts represent purchase accounting adjustments related to the Forestar acquisition.
(5)Amount in the Eliminations column represents the profit on lots sold from Forestar to the homebuilding segment. Intercompany profit is eliminated in the consolidated financial statements when Forestar sells lots to the homebuilding segment and is recognized in the consolidated financial statements when the homebuilding segment closes homes on the lots to homebuyers.


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D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 20192020







Homebuilding Inventories by Reporting Segment (1)
 March 31,
2019
 September 30,
2018
Homebuilding Inventories by Reporting Segment (1)
March 31,
2020
September 30,
2019
 (In millions) (In millions)
East $1,354.4
 $1,192.0
East$1,329.8  $1,288.8  
Midwest 817.7
 583.1
Midwest903.2  836.8  
Southeast 2,852.1
 2,668.7
Southeast2,968.1  2,768.0  
South Central 2,720.6
 2,439.4
South Central2,845.4  2,533.2  
Southwest 628.1
 499.7
Southwest633.8  574.4  
West 2,466.9
 2,268.5
West2,174.1  2,056.0  
Corporate and unallocated (2) 237.0
 223.7
Corporate and unallocated (2)234.0  228.4  
 $11,076.8
 $9,875.1
$11,088.4  $10,285.6  
_________________

(1)Homebuilding inventories are the only assets included in the measure of homebuilding segment assets used by the Company’s chief operating decision makers.
(2)Corporate and unallocated consists primarily of capitalized interest and property taxes.


(1)Homebuilding inventories are the only assets included in the measure of homebuilding segment assets used by the Company’s chief operating decision makers.
Homebuilding Results by Reporting Segment Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 Six Months Ended 
 March 31,
  2019 2018 2019 2018
  (In millions)
Revenues        
East $518.2
 $435.8
 $965.7
 $828.9
Midwest 248.1
 203.6
 497.2
 365.0
Southeast 1,205.3
 1,042.0
 2,219.2
 2,030.6
South Central 990.2
 919.0
 1,862.7
 1,727.8
Southwest 173.2
 172.1
 316.9
 328.5
West 860.4
 913.2
 1,551.2
 1,625.8
  $3,995.4
 $3,685.7
 $7,412.9
 $6,906.6
Inventory and Land Option Charges        
East $0.3
 $0.7
 $1.7
 $0.6
Midwest 0.2
 0.2
 0.5
 0.4
Southeast 2.2
 25.1
 3.5
 26.2
South Central 1.4
 0.6
 1.9
 1.9
Southwest 0.1
 
 0.2
 0.8
West 9.6
 3.5
 14.0
 3.9
  $13.8
 $30.1
 $21.8
 $33.8
Income before Income Taxes (1)        
East $45.9
 $46.7
 $83.9
 $91.7
Midwest 9.5
 18.7
 20.2
 32.0
Southeast 131.0
 96.3
 243.2
 218.8
South Central 119.3
 120.5
 225.3
 222.0
Southwest 18.6
 22.0
 36.3
 36.7
West 76.1
 111.8
 145.9
 188.6
  $400.4
 $416.0
 $754.8
 $789.8
(2)Corporate and unallocated consists primarily of capitalized interest and property taxes.


Homebuilding Results by Reporting SegmentThree Months Ended
March 31,
Six Months Ended
March 31,
 2020201920202019
 (In millions)
Revenues
East$579.7  $518.2  $1,100.2  $965.7  
Midwest308.7  248.1  591.3  497.2  
Southeast1,316.7  1,205.3  2,467.3  2,219.2  
South Central1,066.4  990.2  2,025.1  1,862.7  
Southwest199.7  173.2  410.7  316.9  
West907.6  860.4  1,667.2  1,551.2  
$4,378.8  $3,995.4  $8,261.8  $7,412.9  
Inventory and Land Option Charges  
East  $(0.5) $0.3  $(0.3) $1.7  
Midwest  1.4  0.2  1.5  0.5  
Southeast  2.8  2.2  4.2  3.5  
South Central  2.9  1.4  4.4  1.9  
Southwest  —  0.1  0.1  0.2  
West  2.2  9.6  2.5  14.0  
$8.8  $13.8  $12.4  $21.8  
Income before Income Taxes (1)
East$73.3  $45.9  $133.2  $83.9  
Midwest23.6  9.5  42.3  20.2  
Southeast187.8  131.0  333.9  243.2  
South Central156.2  119.3  288.9  225.3  
Southwest30.8  18.6  65.3  36.3  
West93.8  76.1  163.5  145.9  
$565.5  $400.4  $1,027.1  $754.8  
_________________
(1)Expenses maintained at the corporate level consist primarily of interest and property taxes, which are capitalized and amortized to cost of sales or expensed directly, and the expenses related to operating the Company’s corporate office. The amortization of capitalized interest and property taxes is allocated to each homebuilding segment based on the segment’s cost of sales, while expenses associated with the corporate office are allocated to each homebuilding segment based on the segment’s inventory balances.

(1)Expenses maintained at the corporate level consist primarily of interest and property taxes, which are capitalized and amortized to cost of sales or expensed directly, and the expenses related to operating the Company’s corporate office. The amortization of capitalized interest and property taxes is allocated to each homebuilding segment based on the segment’s cost of sales, while expenses associated with the corporate office are allocated to each homebuilding segment based on the segment’s inventory balances.


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D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 20192020







NOTE C – INVENTORIES


At March 31, 2019,the end of each quarter, the Company reviewedreviews the performance and outlook for all of its communities and land inventories for indicators of potential impairment and performedperforms detailed impairment evaluations and analyses when necessary. TheAt March 31, 2020, the Company performed detailed impairment evaluations of communities and land inventories with a combined carrying value of $95.5$47.6 million and recorded impairment charges of $7.7$1.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 20192020 to reduce the carrying value of impaired communitiesland to fair value. During the six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, impairment charges totaled $11.9$1.7 million. There were $3.0$7.7 million and $4.4$11.9 million of impairment charges recorded in the three and six months ended March 31, 2018,2019, respectively. Inventory impairments and the land option charges discussed below are included in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations.


As the Company manages its inventory investments across its operating markets to optimize returns and cash flows, it may modify its pricing and incentives, construction and development plans or land sale strategies in individual active communities and land held for development, which could result in the affected communities being evaluated for potential impairment. During the latter part of March and into April, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related widespread reductions in economic activity began to adversely affect the Company’s business operations and the demand for its homes. There is significant uncertainty regarding the extent to which and how long COVID-19 and related government directives, actions and economic relief efforts will disrupt the U.S. economy and level of employment, capital markets, secondary mortgage markets, consumer confidence, demand for the Company’s homes and availability of mortgage loans to homebuyers. The extent to which this impacts the Company’s operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of COVID-19 and the impact on its customers, trade partners and employees, all of which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. If the housing market or economic conditions are adversely affected for a prolonged period due to COVID-19 or otherwise, the Company may be required to evaluate additional communities for potential impairment. These evaluations could result in additional impairment charges which could be significant.

During the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, the Company wrote off $6.1 million and $9.9 million, respectively, of2020, earnest money deposits and pre-acquisition costscost write-offs related to land purchase contracts that the Company has terminated or expects to terminate. Earnest money and pre-acquisition cost write-offs for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018terminate were $2.6$7.2 million and $4.9$11.1 million, respectively. Inventory and land option charges for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 also included a charge of $24.5 million relatedrespectively, compared to the settlement of an outstanding dispute associated with a land transaction.

In February 2018, the Forestar land development segment sold a portion of its assets for $232 million. This strategic asset sale included projects owned both directly and indirectly through ventures. The total net proceeds after certain purchase price adjustments, closing costs and other costs associated with selling these projects was $217.5$6.1 million and a gain on the sale of these assets of $0.7$9.9 million is included in the Company’s consolidated statementsame periods of operations for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018.fiscal 2019.




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March 31, 20192020







NOTE D – NOTES PAYABLE


The Company’s notes payable at their principalcarrying amounts net of unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs, consist of the following:
March 31,
2020
September 30,
2019
 (In millions)
Homebuilding:
Unsecured:
Revolving credit facility$500.0  $—  
4.0% senior notes due 2020 (1)
—  499.6  
2.55% senior notes due 2020 (1)
399.4  398.9  
4.375% senior notes due 2022 (1)
349.0  348.8  
4.75% senior notes due 2023 (1)
299.1  298.9  
5.75% senior notes due 2023 (1)
398.5  398.4  
2.5% senior notes due 2024 (1)
496.0  —  
Other secured notes38.0  103.0  
2,480.0  2,047.6  
Forestar:
Unsecured:
Revolving credit facility—  —  
3.75% convertible senior notes due 2020 (2)
—  119.1  
8.0% senior notes due 2024 (3)
344.5  343.8  
5.0% senior notes due 2028 (3)295.6  —  
640.1  462.9  
Financial Services:
Mortgage repurchase facility1,186.5  888.9  
$4,306.6  $3,399.4  
  March 31,
2019
 September 30,
2018
  (In millions)
Homebuilding:    
Unsecured:    
Revolving credit facility, maturing 2023 $750.0
 $
3.75% senior notes due 2019 
 499.6
4.0% senior notes due 2020 499.2
 498.8
2.55% senior notes due 2020 398.4
 397.9
4.375% senior notes due 2022 348.6
 348.4
4.75% senior notes due 2023 298.8
 298.7
5.75% senior notes due 2023 398.2
 398.0
Other secured notes 84.0
 4.5
  2,777.2
 2,445.9
Forestar:    
Unsecured:    
Revolving credit facility, maturing 2021 35.0
 
3.75% convertible senior notes due 2020 119.5
 119.9
  154.5
 119.9
Financial Services:    
Mortgage repurchase facility, maturing 2020 690.7
 637.7
  $3,622.4
 $3,203.5
_____________________

(1)Debt issuance costs that were deducted from the carrying amounts of the homebuilding senior notes totaled $6.8$7.7 million and $8.5$5.4 million at March 31, 20192020 and September 30, 2018,2019, respectively. These costs are capitalized into inventory as they are amortized.
(2)Forestar’s 3.75% convertible senior notes due March 2020 includeincluded an unamortized fair value adjustment of $5.3$2.4 million at September 30, 2019.
(3)Debt issuance costs that were deducted from the carrying amount of Forestar’s senior notes totaled $9.9 million and $8.2$6.2 million at March 31, 20192020 and September 30, 2018,2019, respectively.


Homebuilding:


The Company has a $1.325$1.59 billion senior unsecured homebuilding revolving credit facility with an uncommitted accordion feature that could increase the size of the facility to $1.9$2.5 billion,, subject to certain conditions and availability of additional bank commitments. The facility also provides for the issuance of letters of credit with a sublimit equal to approximately 50%100% of the revolving credit commitment. Letters of credit issued under the facility reduce the available borrowing capacity. The interest rate on borrowings under the revolving credit facility may be based on either the Prime Rate or London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)LIBOR plus an applicable margin, as defined in the credit agreement governing the facility. The maturity date of the facility is September 25, 2023.October 2, 2024. Borrowings and repayments under the facility were $1.8 billion$800 million and $1.0 billion,$300 million, respectively, during the six months ended March 31, 2019.2020. At March 31, 2019,2020, there were $750$500 million of borrowings outstanding at a 3.7%1.7% annual interest rate and $128.0$116.3 million of letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility.facility, resulting in available capacity of approximately $973.7 million.





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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 20192020







The Company’s homebuilding revolving credit facility imposes restrictions on its operations and activities, including requiring the maintenance of a maximum allowable leverage ratio of debt to tangible net worth and a borrowing base restriction if the Company’sleverage ratio of debt to tangible net worth exceeds a certain level. These covenants are measured as defined in the credit agreement governing the facility and are reported to the lenders quarterly. A failure to comply with these financial covenants could allow the lending banks to terminate the availability of funds under the revolving credit facility or cause any outstanding borrowings to become due and payable prior to maturity. The credit agreement governing the facility and the indentureindentures governing the senior notes also impose restrictions on the creation of secured debt and liens. At March 31, 2019,2020, the Company was in compliance with all of the covenants, limitations and restrictions of its homebuilding revolving credit facility and public debt obligations.


D.R. Horton has an automatically effective universal shelf registration statement filed with the SEC in August 2018, registering debt and equity securities that the Company may issue from time to time in amounts to be determined.


On March 1,In October 2019, the Company issued $500 million principal amount of 2.5% senior notes due October 15, 2024, with interest payable semi-annually. The annual effective interest rate of these notes after giving effect to the amortization of the discount and financing costs is 2.7%. In February 2020, the Company repaid $500 million principal amount of its 3.75%4.0% senior notes at maturity.


Effective August 1, 2018,July 30, 2019, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $500 million of the Company’s debt securities effective through September 30, 2019.securities. The authorization has no expiration date. All of the $500 million authorization was remaining at March 31, 2019.2020.


Forestar:


Forestar has a $380 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility with an uncommitted accordion feature that could increase the size of the facility to $570 million, subject to certain conditions and availability of additional bank commitments. The facility also provides for the issuance of letters of credit with a sublimit equal to the greater of $100 million and 50% of the revolving credit commitment. Borrowings under the revolving credit facility are subject to a borrowing base based on Forestar’s book value of its real estate assets and unrestricted cash. Letters of credit issued under the facility reduce the available borrowing capacity. At March 31, 2020, there were 0 borrowings outstanding and $31.0 million of letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility, resulting in available capacity of $349.0 million. The maturity date of the facility is August 16, 2021. The maturity date of the revolving credit facility mayOctober 2, 2022, which can be extended by up to one year on up to threetwo additional occasions, subject to the approval of lenders holding a majority of the commitments. At March 31, 2019, there were $35 million of borrowings outstanding at a 4.8% annual interest rate and $3.8 million of letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility.


The Forestar revolving credit facility includes customary affirmative and negative covenants, events of default and financial covenants. The financial covenants require Forestar to maintain a minimum level of tangible net worth, a minimum level of liquidity and a maximum allowable leverage ratio. These covenants are measured as defined in the credit agreement governing the facility and are reported to the lenders quarterly. A failure to comply with these financial covenants could allow the lending banks to terminate the availability of funds under the revolving credit facility or cause any outstanding borrowings to become due and payable prior to maturity. At March 31, 2019, Forestar was in compliance with all of the covenants, limitations and restrictions of its revolving credit facility.

Forestar also has a secured letter of credit agreement that requires it to deposit cash as collateral with the issuing bank. At March 31, 2019, letters of credit outstanding under the letter of credit facility totaled $15.0 million, secured by $15.7 million in cash, which is included in restricted cash in the consolidated balance sheet.


In April 2019,February 2020, Forestar issued $350$300 million principal amount of 8.0%5.0% senior notes pursuant to Rule 144A and Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The notes are due April 15, 2024,March 1, 2028, with interest payable semi-annually,semiannually, and represent unsecured obligations of Forestar. The annual effective interest rate of these notes after giving effect to the amortization of financing costs is 8.5%5.2%. These notes may be redeemed prior to maturity, subject to certain limitations and premiums defined in the indenture agreement. Forestar also has $350 million principal amount of 8.0% senior notes that mature April 15, 2024. In March 2020, Forestar repaid $118.9 million principal amount of its 3.75% convertible senior notes in cash at maturity.




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March 31, 2020



Forestar’s revolving credit facility its senior notes and its convertible senior notes are not guaranteed by D.R. Horton, Inc. or any of the subsidiaries that guarantee the Company’s homebuilding debt.



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
At March 31, 20192020, Forestar was in compliance with all of the covenants, limitations and restrictions of its revolving credit facility and senior note obligations.





Financial Services:


The Company’s mortgage subsidiary, DHI Mortgage, has a mortgage repurchase facility that provides financing and liquidity to DHI Mortgage by facilitating purchase transactions in which DHI Mortgage transfers eligible loans to the counterparties upon receipt of funds from the counterparties. DHI Mortgage then has the right and obligation to repurchase the purchased loans upon their sale to third-party purchasers in the secondary market or within specified time frames from 45 to 60 days in accordance with the terms of the mortgage repurchase facility. In February 2019,2020, the mortgage repurchase facility was amended to extend its maturity date to February 21, 2020.19, 2021. The total capacity of the facility is $600 million;$1.2 billion; however, the capacity increases without requiring additional commitments to $725 million$1.4 billion for approximately 30 days at each quarter end and to $800 million for approximately 45 days at fiscal year end. The capacity of the facility can also be increased to $1.0$1.5 billion subject to the availability of additional commitments. AdditionalThrough additional commitments, were obtained to increase the capacity of the facility was temporarily increased to $800 million for approximately 30 days at the$1.5 billion effective March 2019 quarter end.26, 2020 through April 23, 2020.


As of March 31, 2019, $784.5 million2020, $1.3 billion of mortgage loans held for sale with a collateral value of $759.4 million$1.2 billion were pledged under the mortgage repurchase facility. DHI Mortgage had an obligation of $690.7 million$1.2 billion outstanding under the mortgage repurchase facility at March 31, 20192020 at a 4.2%2.6% annual interest rate.


The mortgage repurchase facility is not guaranteed by D.R. Horton, Inc. or any of the subsidiaries that guarantee the Company’s homebuilding debt. The facility contains financial covenants as to the mortgage subsidiary’s minimum required tangible net worth, its maximum allowable leverage ratio of debt to tangible net worth and its minimum required liquidity. These covenants are measured and reported to the lenders monthly. At March 31, 2019,2020, DHI Mortgage was in compliance with all of the conditions and covenants of the mortgage repurchase facility.



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March 31, 2019





NOTE E – CAPITALIZED INTEREST


The Company capitalizes interest costs incurred to inventory during active development and construction (active inventory). Capitalized interest is charged to cost of sales as the related inventory is delivered to the buyer. During periods in which the Company’s active inventory is lower than its debt level, a portion of the interest incurred is reflected as interest expense in the period incurred. During the first six months of fiscal 20192020 and fiscal 2018,2019, the Company’s active inventory exceeded its debt level, and all interest incurred was capitalized to inventory.


The following table summarizes the Company’s interest costs incurred, capitalized and expensed during the three and six months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018:2019:
 Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 Six Months Ended 
 March 31,
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Six Months Ended
March 31,
 2019 2018 2019 2018 2020201920202019
 (In millions) (In millions)
Capitalized interest, beginning of period $168.8
 $170.3
 $162.7
 $167.9
Capitalized interest, beginning of period$192.1  $168.8  $180.1  $162.7  
Interest incurred (1) 35.0
 31.8
 66.7
 62.8
Interest incurred (1)37.6  35.0  75.3  66.7  
Interest charged to cost of sales (29.9) (32.0) (55.5) (60.6)Interest charged to cost of sales(29.2) (29.9) (54.9) (55.5) 
Capitalized interest, end of period $173.9
 $170.1
 $173.9
 $170.1
Capitalized interest, end of period$200.5  $173.9  $200.5  $173.9  
_______________
(1)Interest incurred included interest on the Company's mortgage repurchase facility of $3.0 million and $6.3 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, and $2.4 million and $4.5 million in the same periods of fiscal 2018. Also included in the amounts is interest incurred by Forestar of $1.5 million and $2.8 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, and $1.3 million and $1.4 million in the same periods of fiscal 2018.

(1) Interest incurred included interest on the Company's mortgage repurchase facility of $5.0 million and $9.7 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, and $3.0 million and $6.3 million in the same periods of fiscal 2019. Also included in interest incurred is Forestar interest of $9.7 million and $18.4 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, and $1.5 million and $2.8 million in the same periods of fiscal 2019.




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March 31, 2020



NOTE F – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

The Company’s property and equipment balances and the related accumulated depreciation at March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019 are summarized below. These balances include properties related to the operations of DHI Communities, which develops, constructs and owns multi-family residential properties that produce rental income. DHI Communities has 3 projects under active construction and 1 project that was substantially complete at March 31, 2020.
 March 31,
2020
September 30,
2019
 (In millions)
Buildings and improvements (1) (2)
$335.7  $329.4  
Multi-family rental properties under construction75.5  65.2  
Single-family rental properties101.6  37.0  
Model home furniture134.5  128.3  
Office furniture and equipment126.0  128.6  
Land (1) (2)
91.9  71.6  
 Total property and equipment$865.2  $760.1  
Accumulated depreciation(275.5) (260.9) 
 Property and equipment, net$589.7  $499.2  
_____________
(1)At March 31, 2020, buildings and improvements included $53.1 million related to completed multi-family rental properties and $63.6 million related to the Company’s oil and gas related assets. Additionally, at March 31, 2020, land included $55.1 million related to the Company’s multi-family rental operations.
(2)At September 30, 2019, buildings and improvements included $50.7 million related to completed multi-family rental properties and $56.9 million related to the Company’s oil and gas related assets. Additionally, at September 30, 2019, land included $38.0 million related to the Company’s multi-family rental operations.

Depreciation expense was $17.3 million and $34.5 million during the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, compared to $15.9 million and $31.7 million in the same periods of fiscal 2019.

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March 31, 2020



NOTE G – MORTGAGE LOANS


Mortgage loans held for sale consist primarily of single-family residential loans collateralized by the underlying property. At March 31, 2020, mortgage loans held for sale had an aggregate carrying value of $1.4 billion and an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $1.3 billion. At September 30, 2019, mortgage loans held for sale had an aggregate carrying value of $796.5 million$1.1 billion and an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $768.7 million. At September 30, 2018, mortgage loans held for sale had an aggregate carrying value of $796.4 million and an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $776.1 million.$1.0 billion. During the six months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, mortgage loans originated totaled $3.6$4.9 billion and $3.4$3.6 billion, respectively, and mortgage loans sold totaled $3.6$4.6 billion and $3.3$3.6 billion, respectively. The Company had gains on sales of loans and servicing rights of $73.1$73.3 million and $132.9$147.0 million during the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to $68.8$73.1 million and $125.7$132.9 million in the prior year periods. Net gains on sales of loans and servicing rights are included in revenues in the consolidated statements of operations. Approximately 93%90% of the mortgage loans sold by DHI Mortgage during the six months ended March 31, 20192020 were sold to four major financial entities, the largest of which one entity purchased 32%33%.

To manage the interest rate risk inherent in its mortgage operations, the Company hedges its risk using derivative instruments, generally forward sales of mortgage-backed securities (MBS), which are referred to as “hedging instruments” in the following discussion. The Company does not enter into or hold derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.

Newly originated loans that have been closed but not committed to third-party purchasers are hedged to mitigate the risk of changes in their fair value. Hedged loans are committed to third-party purchasers typically within three days after origination.

The Company is party to interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs), which are extended to borrowers who have applied for loan funding and meet defined credit and underwriting criteria. The Company manages interest rate risk related to its IRLCs through the use of best-efforts whole loan delivery commitments and hedging instruments.

In response to COVID-19, the U.S. government has taken various actions to support the economy and the continued functioning of the totalfinancial markets. On March 27, 2020, Congress passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act), which included changes to current forbearance options for government-backed loans sold.designed to keep homeowners in their homes. Due to the uncertainty surrounding these forbearance options, servicing values declined rapidly at the end of March. This resulted in lower net gains on loan originations during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the prior year period. Additionally, in March 2020 the Federal Reserve announced its commitment to purchase U.S. Treasury securities, MBS, municipal bonds and other assets. This led to a significant increase in the price of MBS, which increased the change in the fair market value of the Company’s IRLCs and mortgage loans held for sale and decreased the fair market value of its hedging instruments. The net fair value change for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 recognized in revenues in the consolidated statements of operations was not significant.


The Company also occasionally uses hedging instruments as part of a program to offer below market interest rate financing to its homebuyers in certain markets. At March 31, 2020, the Company had MBS totaling $383.4 million that did not yet have interest rate lock commitments or closed loans created or assigned and recorded a liability of $4.9 million for the fair value of such MBS position.


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March 31, 20192020







NOTE GH – INCOME TAXES


The Company’s income tax expense for the three and six months ended March 31, 20192020 was $137.3 million and $228.1 million, respectively, compared to $108.4 million and $197.4 million, respectively, compared to $94.0 million and $296.4 million in the prior year periods. The effective tax rate was 23.4%22.1% and 23.5%19.9% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to 21.1%23.4% and 35.5%23.5% in the prior year periods. The higher effective tax rate for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 was primarily due to2020 includes a tax benefit of $6.6 million and $39.5 million, respectively, from the remeasurementenactment of the Company’s deferredTaxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2019 (the Act). The Act retroactively reinstated the federal energy efficient homes tax assets and liabilities as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Act), which was enacted into lawcredit that expired on December 22, 2017.31, 2017 to homes closed from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020. The effective tax rates for all periods include an expense for state income taxes, reduced by tax benefits related to stock-based compensation.

The Tax Act reduced the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% for all corporations effective January 1, 2018. For fiscal year companies, the change in law required the application of a blended tax rate in the year of change, which for the Company was 24.5% for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. For the fiscal year ending September 30, 2019 and thereafter, the applicable statutory federal tax rate is 21%. The Tax Act also repealed the domestic production activities deduction effective for the Company for fiscal 2019.


The Company’s deferred tax assets, net of deferred tax liabilities, were $188.9$167.3 million at March 31, 20192020 compared to $211.7$181.8 million at September 30, 2018.2019. The Company has a valuation allowance of $17.8 million at March 31, 2020 and $18.7 million at September 30, 2019 related to state deferred tax assets for net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards of $17.0 million at March 31, 2019 and $17.7 million at September 30, 2018.that are more likely than not to expire before being realized. The Company will continue to evaluate both the positive and negative evidence in determining the need for a valuation allowance with respect to the remaining state NOL carryforwards. Any reversal of the valuation allowance in future periods will impact the Company’s effective tax rate.


The accounting for deferred taxes is based upon estimates of future results. Differences between the anticipated and actual outcomes of these future results could have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial position. Also, changes in existing federal and state tax laws and tax rates could affect future tax results and the valuation of the Company’s deferred tax assets.




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March 31, 2020



NOTE HI – EARNINGS PER SHARE


The following table sets forth the numerators and denominators used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share.
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Six Months Ended
March 31,
 2020201920202019
 (In millions)
Numerator:
Net income attributable to D.R. Horton, Inc.$482.7  $351.3  $914.0  $638.4  
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share — weighted average common shares365.8  373.3  367.1  374.2  
Effect of dilutive securities:
Employee stock awards4.3  4.4  4.7  4.7  
Denominator for diluted earnings per share — adjusted weighted average common shares370.1  377.7  371.8  378.9  
Basic net income per common share attributable to D.R. Horton, Inc.$1.32  $0.94  $2.49  $1.71  
Diluted net income per common share attributable to D.R. Horton, Inc.$1.30  $0.93  $2.46  $1.68  
  Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 Six Months Ended 
 March 31,
  2019 2018 2019 2018
  (In millions)
Numerator:        
Net income attributable to D.R. Horton, Inc. $351.3
 $351.0
 $638.4
 $540.3
Denominator:        
Denominator for basic earnings per share — weighted average common shares 373.3
 376.8
 374.2
 376.3
Effect of dilutive securities:        
Employee stock awards 4.4
 7.1
 4.7
 7.5
Denominator for diluted earnings per share — adjusted weighted average common shares 377.7
 383.9
 378.9
 383.8
         
Basic net income per common share attributable to D.R. Horton, Inc. $0.94
 $0.93
 $1.71
 $1.44
Diluted net income per common share attributable to D.R. Horton, Inc. $0.93
 $0.91
 $1.68
 $1.41



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March 31, 2019





NOTE IJ – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY


D.R. Horton has an automatically effective universal shelf registration statement, filed with the SEC in August 2018, registering debt and equity securities that it may issue from time to time in amounts to be determined.

Forestar also has an effective shelf registration statement filed with the SEC in September 2018, registering $500 million of equity securities. On September 30, 2019, Forestar issued approximately 6.0 million shares of its common stock for $17.50 per share in a public underwritten offering. Following the offering, $394.3 million remains available for issuance under Forestar’s shelf registration statement.


Effective August 1, 2018,July 30, 2019, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $400 million$1.0 billion of the Company’s common stock effective through September 30, 2019.stock. The authorization has no expiration date. During the six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, the Company repurchased 6.17.0 million shares of its common stock for $216.2$360.4 million. The Company’s remaining authorization at March 31, 20192020 was $159.3$535.3 million.


During each of the three months ended March 31, 2019,first two quarters of fiscal 2020, the Board of Directors approved and paid quarterly cash dividends of $0.175 per common share, the most recent of which was paid on February 24, 2020 to stockholders of record on February 10, 2020. In April 2020, the Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.15 per common share, which was paid on February 25, 2019 to stockholders of record on February 11, 2019. In April 2019, the Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.15$0.175 per common share, payable on May 28, 201921, 2020 to stockholders of record on May 13, 2019.11, 2020. Cash dividends of $0.125$0.15 per common share were approved and paid in each quarter of fiscal 2018.2019.




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March 31, 2020



NOTE JK – EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS


Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)


The Company’s Stock Incentive Plan provides for the granting of stock options and restricted stock units to executive officers, other key employees and non-management directors. Restricted stock unit awards may be based on performance (performance-based) or on service over a requisite time period (time-based). Performance-based and time-based RSU equity awards represent the contingent right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock per RSU if the vesting conditions and/or performance criteria are satisfied. The RSUs have no dividend or voting rights until vested.


In November 2018,2019, a total of 360,000 performance-based RSU equity awards were granted to the Company’s Chairman and executive officers. These awards vest at the end of a three-year performance period ending September 30, 2021.2022. The number of units that ultimately vest depends on the Company’s relative position as compared to its peers in achieving certain performance criteria and can range from 10%0% to 200% of the number of units granted. The performance criteria are total shareholder return; return on investment; selling, general and administrative expense containment; and gross profit. The grant date fair value of these equity awards was $37.75$52.54 per unit. Compensation expense related to these grantsthis grant was $1.4$2.3 million and $3.1$4.5 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, based on the Company’s performance against its peer group, the elapsed portion of the performance period and the grant date fair value of the award.


During the six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, a total of 1.81.7 million time-based RSUs were granted to approximately 900960 recipients, including the Company’s executive officers, other key employees and non-management directors. The weighted average grant date fair value of these equity awards was $33.75$35.98 per unit, and they vest annually in equal installments over periods of three to five years. Compensation expense related to these grants was $3.0$4.1 million and $7.4 million in both the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively,2020, of which $3.5 million in the six month period related to expense recognized for employees that were retirement eligible on the date of grant.



Total stock-based compensation expense related to the Company’s restricted stock units during the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 was $20.3 million and $36.2 million, respectively, compared to $17.2 million and $34.4 million during the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 20192020







NOTE KL – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES


Warranty Claims


The Company provides its homebuyers with a ten-year limited warranty for major defects in structural elements such as framing components and foundation systems, a two-year limited warranty on major mechanical systems, and a one-year limited warranty on other construction components. The Company’s warranty liability is based upon historical warranty cost experience in each market in which it operates and is adjusted to reflect qualitative risks associated with the types of homes built and the geographic areas in which they are built.


Changes in the Company’s warranty liability during the three and six months ended March 31, 20192020 and 20182019 were as follows:


Three Months Ended
March 31,
Six Months Ended
March 31,
 2020201920202019
 (In millions)
Warranty liability, beginning of period$251.6  $205.6  $247.3  $202.0  
Warranties issued24.5  21.0  45.6  38.9  
Changes in liability for pre-existing warranties5.6  6.0  8.4  11.5  
Settlements made(19.0) (18.7) (38.6) (38.5) 
Warranty liability, end of period$262.7  $213.9  $262.7  $213.9  
  Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 Six Months Ended 
 March 31,
  2019 2018 2019 2018
  (In millions)
Warranty liability, beginning of period $205.6
 $149.4
 $202.0
 $143.7
Warranties issued 21.0
 19.3
 38.9
 35.8
Changes in liability for pre-existing warranties 6.0
 13.7
 11.5
 20.5
Settlements made (18.7) (19.8) (38.5) (37.4)
Warranty liability, end of period $213.9
 $162.6
 $213.9
 $162.6


Legal Claims and Insurance


The Company is named as a defendant in various claims, complaints and other legal actions in the ordinary course of business. At any point in time, the Company is managing several hundred individual claims related to construction defect matters, personal injury claims, employment matters, land development issues, contract disputes and other matters. The Company has established reserves for these contingencies based on the estimated costs of pending claims and the estimated costs of anticipated future claims related to previously closed homes. The estimated liabilities for these contingencies were $419.1$442.2 million and $408.1$434.7 million at March 31, 20192020 and September 30, 2018,2019, respectively, and are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Approximately 99% of these reserves related to construction defect matters at both March 31, 20192020 and September 30, 2018.2019. Expenses related to the Company’s legal contingencies were $14.6$26.6 million and $39.0$14.6 million in the six months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, respectively.


The Company’s reserves for legal claims increased from $408.1were $442.2 million at March 31, 2020 compared to $434.7 million at September 30, 2018 to $419.1 million at March 31, 2019. Changes in the Company’s legal claims reserves during the six months ended March 31, 20192020 and 20182019 were as follows:
Six Months Ended
March 31,
20202019
(In millions)
Reserves for legal claims, beginning of period$434.7  $408.1  
Increase in reserves33.6  23.3  
Payments(26.1) (12.3) 
Reserves for legal claims, end of period$442.2  $419.1  
 Six Months Ended 
 March 31,
 2019 2018
 (In millions)
Reserves for legal claims, beginning of period$408.1
 $420.6
Increase in reserves23.3
 41.4
Payments(12.3) (18.4)
Reserves for legal claims, end of period$419.1
 $443.6








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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 20192020







The Company estimates and records receivables under its applicable insurance policies related to its estimated contingencies for known claims and anticipated future construction defect claims on previously closed homes and other legal claims and lawsuits incurred in the ordinary course of business when recovery is probable. Additionally, the Company may have the ability to recover a portion of its losses from its subcontractors and their insurance carriers when the Company has been named as an additional insured on their insurance policies. The Company’s receivables related to its estimates of insurance recoveries from estimated losses for pending legal claims and anticipated future claims related to previously closed homes totaled $76.6 million, $75.1 million and $56.9 million $54.6 million and $69.0 million at March 31, 2019, 2020, September 30, 20182019 and March 31, 2018,2019, respectively, and are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.


The estimation of losses related to these reserves and the related estimates of recoveries from insurance policies are subject to a high degree of variability due to uncertainties such as trends in construction defect claims relative to the Company’s markets and the types of products built, claim frequency, claim settlement costs and patterns, insurance industry practices and legal interpretations, among others. Due to the high degree of judgment required in establishing reserves for these contingencies, actual future costs and recoveries from insurance could differ significantly from current estimated amounts, and it is not possible for the Company to make a reasonable estimate of the possible loss or range of loss in excess of its reserves.


Land and Lot Purchase Contracts


The Company enters into land and lot purchase contracts to acquire land or lots for the construction of homes. Under these contracts, the Company will fund a stated deposit in consideration for the right, but not the obligation, to purchase land or lots at a future point in time with predetermined terms. Under the terms of many of the purchase contracts, the deposits are not refundable in the event the Company elects to terminate the contract. Land and lot purchase contract deposits and capitalized pre-acquisition costs are included inexpensed to inventory and land option charges when the Company believes it is probable that it will not acquire the property under contract and will not be able to recover these costs through other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.means.


At March 31, 2019,2020, the Company’s homebuilding segment had total deposits of $461.0$566.5 million, consisting of cash deposits of $457.9$534.9 million and promissory notes and letters of credit of $3.1$31.6 million, related to contracts to purchase land and lots with a total remaining purchase price of approximately $7.4$8.1 billion. The majority of land and lots under contract are currently expected to be purchased within three years. Of these amounts, $76.5$99.3 million of the deposits related to contracts with Forestar to purchase land and lots with a remaining purchase price of $895.8 million.$1.0 billion. A limited number of the homebuilding land and lot purchase contracts at March 31, 2019,2020, representing $96.8$70.7 million of remaining purchase price, were subject to specific performance provisions that may require the Company to purchase the land or lots upon the land sellers meeting their respective contractual obligations. Of the $96.8$70.7 million remaining purchase price subject to specific performance provisions, $50.9$24.2 million related to contracts between the homebuilding segment and Forestar.


During the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, Forestar reimbursed the Company’s homebuilding segment $4.7$5.5 million and $16.8$16.2 million, respectively, for previously paid earnest money and $0.7$8.2 million and $3.7$13.3 million, respectively, for pre-acquisition and other due diligence costs related to land purchase contracts whereby the homebuilding segment assigned its rights under contract to Forestar. During the three and six months ended March 31, 2018,2019, Forestar reimbursed the Company’s homebuilding segment $11.8$4.7 million and $14.0$16.8 million, respectively, for previously paid earnest money and $5.9$0.7 million and $8.2$3.7 million, respectively, for pre-acquisition and other due diligence costs.


Other Commitments


At March 31, 2019,2020, the Company had outstanding surety bonds of $1.6$1.8 billion and letters of credit of $148.3$147.3 million to secure performance under various contracts. Of the total letters of credit, $128.0$116.3 million were issued under the homebuilding revolving credit facility and $3.8$31.0 million were issued under Forestar’s revolving credit facility. The remaining $16.5 million of letters of credit were issued under secured letter of credit agreements, of which $1.5 million related to homebuilding operations and $15.0 million related to Forestar. These agreements require the deposit of cash as collateral with the issuing banks, which is included in restricted cash in the consolidated balance sheets.





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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 20192020







NOTE LM – OTHER ASSETS, ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES


The Company’s other assets at March 31, 20192020 and September 30, 20182019 were as follows:
March 31, 2020September 30, 2019
 (In millions)
Earnest money and refundable deposits$580.9  $540.0  
Insurance receivables76.6  75.1  
Other receivables112.4  103.6  
Prepaid assets48.4  49.6  
Margin deposits83.7  19.6  
Multi-family rental property held for sale—  28.9  
Contract assets - insurance agency commissions42.2  39.3  
Lease right of use assets37.8  —  
Other104.1  56.7  
$1,086.1  $912.8  
  March 31,
2019
 September 30, 2018
  (In millions)
Earnest money and refundable deposits $477.0
 $445.2
Insurance receivables 56.9
 54.6
Other receivables 79.4
 81.7
Prepaid assets 30.9
 36.9
Rental properties 33.9
 39.2
Contract assets - insurance agency commissions 34.4
 
Other 73.2
 55.3
  $785.7
 $712.9




The Company’s accrued expenses and other liabilities at March 31, 20192020 and September 30, 20182019 were as follows:


March 31, 2020September 30, 2019
 (In millions)
Reserves for legal claims$442.2  $434.7  
Employee compensation and related liabilities269.2  282.1  
Warranty liability262.7  247.3  
Mortgage hedging instruments and loan commitments81.5  —  
Accrued interest30.7  26.3  
Federal and state income tax liabilities20.0  33.4  
Inventory related accruals48.9  61.5  
Customer deposits68.3  57.7  
Accrued property taxes23.8  40.1  
Lease liabilities40.5  —  
Other93.8  95.0  
$1,381.6  $1,278.1  


  March 31,
2019
 September 30, 2018
  (In millions)
Reserves for legal claims $419.1
 $408.1
Employee compensation and related liabilities 244.5
 252.5
Warranty liability 213.9
 202.0
Accrued interest 12.9
 14.8
Federal and state income tax liabilities 83.8
 35.2
Inventory related accruals 42.6
 45.5
Customer deposits 62.5
 58.1
Accrued property taxes 20.5
 38.0
Other 92.3
 73.3
  $1,192.1
 $1,127.5
29



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D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 20192020







NOTE MN – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS


The following tables summarize the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 20192020 and September 30, 2018.2019. Changes in the fair value of the Level 3 assets during the six months ended March 31, 20192020 and 20182019 were not material.
 Fair Value at March 31, 2020
 Balance Sheet LocationLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
  (In millions)
Debt securities collateralized by residential real estateOther assets$—  $—  $3.9  $3.9  
Mortgage loans held for sale (a)Mortgage loans held for sale—  1,356.6  14.1  1,370.7  
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (b):
Interest rate lock commitmentsOther assets—  64.4  —  64.4  
Forward sales of mortgage-backed securitiesOther liabilities—  (69.1) —  (69.1) 
Best-efforts and mandatory commitmentsOther liabilities—  (11.7) —  (11.7) 
   Fair Value at March 31, 2019
 Balance Sheet Location Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
   (In millions)
Debt securities collateralized by residential real estateOther assets $
 $
 $3.9
 $3.9
Mortgage loans held for sale (a)Mortgage loans held for sale 
 784.4
 8.4
 792.8
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (b):         
Interest rate lock commitmentsOther assets 
 19.8
 
 19.8
Forward sales of mortgage-backed securitiesOther liabilities 
 (8.0) 
 (8.0)
Best-efforts and mandatory commitmentsOther liabilities 
 (0.8) 
 (0.8)


 Fair Value at September 30, 2019
 Balance Sheet LocationLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
  (In millions)
Debt securities collateralized by residential real estateOther assets$—  $—  $3.9  $3.9  
Mortgage loans held for sale (a)Mortgage loans held for sale—  1,055.3  9.8  1,065.1  
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (b):
Interest rate lock commitmentsOther assets—  19.2  —  19.2  
Forward sales of mortgage-backed securitiesOther liabilities—  (4.1) —  (4.1) 
Best-efforts and mandatory commitmentsOther liabilities—  (1.0) —  (1.0) 
   Fair Value at September 30, 2018
 Balance Sheet Location Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
   (In millions)
Debt securities collateralized by residential real estateOther assets $
 $
 $3.9
 $3.9
Mortgage loans held for sale (a)Mortgage loans held for sale 
 784.6
 7.8
 792.4
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (b):         
Interest rate lock commitmentsOther assets 
 10.5
 
 10.5
Forward sales of mortgage-backed securitiesOther assets 
 3.3
 
 3.3
Best-efforts and mandatory commitmentsOther assets 
 0.2
 
 0.2


___________________
(a)The Company typically elects the fair value option upon origination for mortgage loans held for sale. Interest income earned on mortgage loans held for sale is based on contractual interest rates and included in other income. Mortgage loans held for sale valued using Level 3 inputs at March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018 include $8.4 million and $7.8 million, respectively, of loans for which the Company elected the fair value option upon origination and did not sell into the secondary market. The fair value of these mortgage loans held for sale is generally calculated considering pricing in the secondary market and adjusted for the value of the underlying collateral, including interest rate risk, liquidity risk and prepayment risk. The Company plans to sell these loans as market conditions permit.
(b)Fair value measurements of these derivatives represent changes in fair value, as calculated by reference to quoted prices for similar assets, and are reflected in the balance sheet as other assets or accrued expenses and other liabilities. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are included in revenues in the consolidated statements of operations.

(a)The Company typically elects the fair value option upon origination for mortgage loans held for sale. Interest income earned on mortgage loans held for sale is based on contractual interest rates and included in other income. Mortgage loans held for sale valued using Level 3 inputs at March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019 include $14.1 million and $9.8 million, respectively, of loans for which the Company elected the fair value option upon origination and did not sell into the secondary market. The fair value of these mortgage loans held for sale is generally calculated considering pricing in the secondary market and adjusted for the value of the underlying collateral, including interest rate risk, liquidity risk and prepayment risk. The Company plans to sell these loans as market conditions permit.

(b)Fair value measurements of these derivatives represent changes in fair value, as calculated by reference to quoted prices for similar assets, and are reflected in the balance sheet as other assets or accrued expenses and other liabilities. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are included in revenues in the consolidated statements of operations. In March 2020, the Federal Reserve announced its commitment to purchase U.S. Treasury securities, MBS, municipal bonds and other assets. This led to a significant increase in the price of MBS which increased the change in fair market value of the Company’s IRLCs and mortgage loans held for sale and decreased the fair market value of its hedging instruments. The net fair value change for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 recognized in revenues in the consolidated statements of operations was not significant.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 20192020







The following table summarizes the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 20192020 and September 30, 2018:2019:
 Fair Value at  
 March 31, 2019
 Fair Value at  
 September 30, 2018
Fair Value at
March 31, 2020
Fair Value at
September 30, 2019
Balance Sheet Location Level 2 Level 3 Level 2 Level 3Balance Sheet LocationLevel 2Level 3Level 2Level 3
  (In millions) (In millions)
Inventory held and used (a) (b)Inventories $
 $20.8
 $
 $4.4
Inventory held and used (a) (b)Inventories$—  $—  $—  $4.5  
Inventory available for sale (a) (c)Inventories 
 
 
 1.4
Inventory available for sale (a) (c)Inventories—  12.3  —  —  
Mortgage loans held for sale (a) (d)Mortgage loans held for sale 
 0.8
 
 2.9
Mortgage loans held for sale (a) (d)Mortgage loans held for sale—  1.3  —  2.7  
Other mortgage loans (a) (e)Other assets 
 1.8
 
 1.0
Other mortgage loans (a) (e)Other assets—  1.1  —  1.8  
___________________
(a)The fair values included in the table above represent only those assets whose carrying values were adjusted to fair value as a result of impairment in the respective period and were held at the end of the period.
(b)In performing its impairment analysis of communities, discount rates ranging from 12% to 16% were used in the periods presented.
(c)The fair value of inventory available for sale was determined based on recent offers received from outside third parties, comparable sales or actual contracts.
(d)These mortgage loans have some degree of impairment affecting their marketability and are valued at the lower of carrying value or fair value. When available, quoted prices in the secondary market are used to determine fair value (Level 2); otherwise, a cash flow valuation model is used to determine fair value (Level 3).
(e)The fair value of other mortgage loans was determined based on the value of the underlying collateral.

(a)The fair values included in the table above represent only those assets whose carrying values were adjusted to fair value as a result of impairment in the respective period and were held at the end of the period.
(b)In performing its impairment analysis of communities, discount rates ranging from 16% to 18% were used in the periods presented.
(c)The fair value of inventory available for sale was determined based on recent offers received from outside third parties, comparable sales or actual contracts.
(d)These mortgage loans have some degree of impairment affecting their marketability and are valued at the lower of carrying value or fair value. When available, quoted prices in the secondary market are used to determine fair value (Level 2); otherwise, a cash flow valuation model is used to determine fair value (Level 3).
(e)The fair values of other mortgage loans was determined based on the value of the underlying collateral.

For the financial assets and liabilities that the Company does not reflect at fair value, the following tables present both their respective carrying value and fair value at March 31, 20192020 and September 30, 2018:2019:
Carrying ValueFair Value at March 31, 2020
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
(In millions)
Cash and cash equivalents (a)$1,522.8  $1,522.8  $—  $—  $1,522.8  
Restricted cash (a)14.5  14.5  —  —  14.5  
Notes payable (b) (c)4,306.6  —  2,541.2  1,724.5  4,265.7  
 Carrying Value Fair Value at March 31, 2019
  Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
 (In millions)
Cash and cash equivalents (a)$698.8
 $698.8
 $
 $
 $698.8
Restricted cash (a)32.4
 32.4
 
 
 32.4
Notes payable (b) (c)3,622.4
 
 2,124.2
 1,559.7
 3,683.9


Carrying Value Fair Value at September 30, 2018Carrying ValueFair Value at September 30, 2019
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
(In millions)(In millions)
Cash and cash equivalents (a)$1,473.1
 $1,473.1
 $
 $
 $1,473.1
Cash and cash equivalents (a)$1,494.3  $1,494.3  $—  $—  $1,494.3  
Restricted cash (a)32.9
 32.9
 
 
 32.9
Restricted cash (a)19.7  19.7  —  —  19.7  
Notes payable (b) (c)3,203.5
 
 2,602.6
 642.2
 3,244.8
Notes payable (b) (c)3,399.4  —  2,533.9  991.9  3,525.8  
___________________
(a)The fair values of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash approximate their carrying values due to their short-term nature and are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.
(b)The fair value of the senior notes is determined based on quoted prices, which is classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.
(c)The fair values of other secured notes and borrowings on the revolving credit facilities and the mortgage repurchase facility approximate carrying value due to their short-term nature or floating interest rate terms, as applicable, and are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

(a)The fair values of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash approximate their carrying values due to their short-term nature and are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.
(b)The fair value of the senior notes is determined based on quoted prices, which is classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.
(c)The fair values of other secured notes and borrowings on the revolving credit facilities and the mortgage repurchase facility approximate carrying value due to their short-term nature or floating interest rate terms, as applicable, and are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 20192020







NOTE NO – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS


In March 2019, the Company assigned its rights under a land purchase contract it entered into in December 2017 to R&R Riverview LLC (R&R), an entity owned by Ryan Horton and Reagan Horton, the adult sons of Donald R. Horton, the Company’s Chairman. In March 2019, R&R exercised its rights under the purchase contract and purchasedpaid $77.5 million for 119 acres of undeveloped land in Arizona for $77.5 million.Arizona. In connection with the transaction, Donald R. Horton loaned R&R $77.5 million at a 2.55% annual interest rate and obtained a security interest in the land. Concurrent with the contract assignment to R&R, the Company entered into a land purchase contract with R&R to purchase the 119 acres for R&R’s cost plus an annualized return of 16%. BasedIn accordance with the Company’s policy on the termsrelated party transactions, this transaction was reviewed and approved by a committee of the contract, the Company will purchase the land in two phases. The first purchase is expected in October 2019. Board of Directors composed of independent directors.

The Company has determined that R&R iswas a variable interest entity, and the Company hashad the power through its rights in its land purchase contract with R&R to control the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, and the Company is the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the Company consolidated the variable interest entity in its consolidated financial statements by increasing inventory and notes payable at March 31, 2019 by $77.5 million.million, and this amount was included in those balances at September 30, 2019.


In October 2019, the Company paid R&R $84.2 million for all 119 acres of land and deconsolidated the variable interest entity from the financial statements. The purchase transaction was also reviewed and approved by a committee of the Board of Directors composed of independent directors.



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 2019




NOTE O – SUPPLEMENTAL GUARANTOR INFORMATION

All of the Company’s homebuilding senior notes and the homebuilding revolving credit facility are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a joint and several basis, by D.R. Horton, Inc. and other subsidiaries (Guarantor Subsidiaries). Each of the Guarantor Subsidiaries is 100% owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company. The Company’s subsidiaries associated with the Forestar land development operation, the financial services operations and certain other subsidiaries do not guarantee the Company’s homebuilding senior notes or the homebuilding revolving credit facility (collectively, Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries). In lieu of providing separate financial statements for the Guarantor Subsidiaries, consolidating condensed financial statements are presented below. Separate financial statements and other disclosures concerning the Guarantor Subsidiaries are not presented because management has determined that they are not material to investors.

The guarantees by a Guarantor Subsidiary will be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged upon: (1) the sale or other disposition of its common stock whereby it is no longer a subsidiary of the Company; (2) the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets (other than to the Company or another Guarantor); (3) its merger or consolidation with an entity other than the Company or another Guarantor; or (4) its ceasing to guarantee any of the Company’s publicly traded debt securities and ceasing to guarantee any of the Company’s obligations under the homebuilding revolving credit facility.



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 2019




NOTE O – SUPPLEMENTAL GUARANTOR INFORMATION - (Continued)


Consolidating Balance Sheet
March 31, 2019

  
D.R.
Horton, Inc.
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Total
  (In millions)
ASSETS          
Cash and cash equivalents $405.4

$104.3

$189.1

$
 $698.8
Restricted cash 7.6
 1.8
 23.0
 
 32.4
Investment in subsidiaries 6,739.8
 
 
 (6,739.8) 
Inventories 4,458.3
 6,527.4
 955.2
 (20.6) 11,920.3
Mortgage loans held for sale 
 
 796.5
 
 796.5
Deferred income taxes, net 52.1
 92.3
 24.6
 2.9
 171.9
Property and equipment, net 112.2
 76.8
 253.3
 (4.4) 437.9
Other assets 328.7
 402.5
 129.6
 (75.1) 785.7
Goodwill 
 134.3
 29.2
 
 163.5
Intercompany receivables 596.9
 
 
 (596.9) 
Total Assets $12,701.0
 $7,339.4
 $2,400.5
 $(7,433.9) $15,007.0
LIABILITIES & EQUITY          
Accounts payable and other liabilities $625.2
 $1,034.1
 $272.1
 $(80.8) $1,850.6
Intercompany payables 
 298.9
 298.0
 (596.9) 
Notes payable 2,697.8
 1.9
 922.7
 
 3,622.4
Total Liabilities 3,323.0
 1,334.9
 1,492.8
 (677.7) 5,473.0
Stockholders’ equity 9,378.0
 6,004.5
 735.7
 (6,757.9) 9,360.3
Noncontrolling interests 
 
 172.0
 1.7
 173.7
Total Equity 9,378.0
 6,004.5
 907.7
 (6,756.2) 9,534.0
Total Liabilities & Equity $12,701.0
 $7,339.4
 $2,400.5
 $(7,433.9) $15,007.0


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D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 2019




NOTE O – SUPPLEMENTAL GUARANTOR INFORMATION - (Continued)


Consolidating Balance Sheet
September 30, 2018
  
D.R.
Horton, Inc.
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Total
  (In millions)
ASSETS          
Cash and cash equivalents $908.1
 $158.7
 $406.3
 $
 $1,473.1
Restricted cash 6.6
 2.0
 24.3
 
 32.9
Investment in subsidiaries 6,344.9
 
 
 (6,344.9) 
Inventories 4,037.1
 5,824.1
 545.0
 (11.2) 10,395.0
Mortgage loans held for sale 
 
 796.4
 
 796.4
Deferred income taxes, net 69.2
 105.0
 17.3
 2.5
 194.0
Property and equipment, net 111.2
 66.1
 230.7
 (6.9) 401.1
Other assets 306.6
 361.3
 90.2
 (45.2) 712.9
Goodwill 
 80.0
 29.2
 
 109.2
Intercompany receivables 246.2
 27.3
 
 (273.5) 
Total Assets $12,029.9
 $6,624.5
 $2,139.4
 $(6,679.2) $14,114.6
LIABILITIES & EQUITY          
Accounts payable and other liabilities $590.8
 $1,000.4
 $210.1
 $(49.1) $1,752.2
Intercompany payables 
 
 273.5
 (273.5) 
Notes payable 2,443.9
 2.1
 757.5
 
 3,203.5
Total Liabilities 3,034.7
 1,002.5
 1,241.1
 (322.6) 4,955.7
Stockholders’ equity 8,995.2
 5,622.0
 722.8
 (6,355.6) 8,984.4
Noncontrolling interests 
 
 175.5
 (1.0) 174.5
Total Equity 8,995.2
 5,622.0
 898.3
 (6,356.6) 9,158.9
Total Liabilities & Equity $12,029.9
 $6,624.5
 $2,139.4
 $(6,679.2) $14,114.6



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D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 2019




NOTE O – SUPPLEMENTAL GUARANTOR INFORMATION - (Continued)


Consolidating Statement of Operations
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019


D.R.
Horton, Inc.

Guarantor
Subsidiaries

Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries

Eliminations
Total
 
(In millions)
Revenues
$1,575.2

$2,419.7

$173.5

$(39.7)
$4,128.7
Cost of sales
1,249.8

1,989.5

52.4

(35.0)
3,256.7
Selling, general and administrative expense
193.3

164.9

86.0



444.2
Gain on sale of assets 
 
 (26.8) (2.5) (29.3)
Other (income) expense
(1.1)
(0.4)
(4.2)


(5.7)
Income before income taxes
133.2

265.7

66.1

(2.2)
462.8
Income tax expense
31.4

62.3

15.2

(0.5)
108.4
Equity in net income of subsidiaries, net of tax 253.5
 
 
 (253.5) 
Net income
355.3

203.4

50.9

(255.2)
354.4
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 
 
 0.6
 2.5
 3.1
Net income attributable to D.R. Horton, Inc. $355.3
 $203.4
 $50.3
 $(257.7) $351.3




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D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 2019




NOTE O – SUPPLEMENTAL GUARANTOR INFORMATION - (Continued)


Consolidating Statement of Operations
Six Months Ended March 31, 2019


D.R.
Horton, Inc.

Guarantor
Subsidiaries

Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries

Eliminations
Total
 
(In millions)
Revenues
$2,910.9

$4,501.4

$304.1

$(68.7)
$7,647.7
Cost of sales
2,307.0

3,670.9

90.4

(60.5)
6,007.8
Selling, general and administrative expense
351.2

330.8

165.0



847.0
Gain on sale of assets (2.0) 
 (26.8) (2.5) (31.3)
Other (income) expense
(2.0)
(0.8)
(11.5)


(14.3)
Income before income taxes
256.7

500.5

87.0

(5.7)
838.5
Income tax expense
60.6

118.1

20.0

(1.3)
197.4
Equity in net income of subsidiaries, net of tax 449.4
 
 
 (449.4) 
Net income
645.5

382.4

67.0

(453.8)
641.1
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 
 
 
 2.7
 2.7
Net income attributable to D.R. Horton, Inc. $645.5
 $382.4
 $67.0
 $(456.5) $638.4



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D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 2019




NOTE O – SUPPLEMENTAL GUARANTOR INFORMATION - (Continued)


Consolidating Statement of Operations
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
  
D.R.
Horton, Inc.
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Total
  (In millions)
Revenues $1,288.0
 $2,402.7
 $117.5
 $(13.5) $3,794.7
Cost of sales 1,026.2
 1,926.9
 19.4
 (10.9) 2,961.6
Selling, general and administrative expense 156.9
 164.8
 79.2
 
 400.9
Gain on sale of assets 
 
 (1.1) 
 (1.1)
Other (income) expense (1.7) (0.7) (9.1) 
 (11.5)
Income before income taxes 106.6
 311.7
 29.1
 (2.6) 444.8
Income tax expense 20.7
 67.4
 5.9
 
 94.0
Equity in net income of subsidiaries, net of tax 267.5
 
 
 (267.5) 
Net income 353.4
 244.3
 23.2
 (270.1) 350.8
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 
 
 (0.2) 
 (0.2)
Net income attributable to D.R. Horton, Inc. $353.4
 $244.3
 $23.4
 $(270.1) $351.0




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D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 2019




NOTE O – SUPPLEMENTAL GUARANTOR INFORMATION - (Continued)


Consolidating Statement of Operations
Six Months Ended March 31, 2018
  D.R.
Horton, Inc.
 Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Total
  (In millions)
Revenues $2,451.9
 $4,455.1
 $234.1
 $(13.5) $7,127.6
Cost of sales 1,941.6
 3,567.0
 44.1
 (10.9) 5,541.8
Selling, general and administrative expense 309.1
 316.4
 159.6
 
 785.1
Gain on sale of assets 
 
 (14.5) 
 (14.5)
Other (income) expense (2.1) (0.7) (18.1) 
 (20.9)
Income before income taxes 203.3
 572.4
 63.0
 (2.6) 836.1
Income tax expense 71.8
 205.3
 19.3
 
 296.4
Equity in net income of subsidiaries, net of tax 410.8
 
 
 (410.8) 
Net income $542.3
 $367.1
 $43.7
 $(413.4) $539.7
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 
 
 (0.6) 
 (0.6)
Net income attributable to D.R. Horton, Inc. $542.3
 $367.1
 $44.3
 $(413.4) $540.3



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D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 2019




NOTE O – SUPPLEMENTAL GUARANTOR INFORMATION - (Continued)


Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
Six Months Ended March 31, 2019
  
D.R.
Horton, Inc.
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Total
  (In millions)
OPERATING ACTIVITIES          
Net cash used in operating activities $(76.5) $(61.5) $(245.0) $(78.7) $(461.7)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES          
Expenditures for property and equipment (16.7) (16.9) (36.2) 
 (69.8)
Proceeds from sale of assets 10.4
 
 73.4
 
 83.8
Expenditures related to multi-family rental properties 
 
 (28.3) 
 (28.3)
Return of investment in unconsolidated entities 
 
 4.4
 
 4.4
Net principal increase of other mortgage loans and real estate owned 
 
 (1.6) 
 (1.6)
Intercompany advances (42.4) 
 
 42.4
 
Payments related to business acquisitions (301.3) 
 (8.3) 
 (309.6)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (350.0) (16.9) 3.4
 42.4
 (321.1)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES          
Proceeds from notes payable 1,775.0
 
 40.0
 
 1,815.0
Repayment of notes payable (1,524.9) (1.1) (5.0) 
 (1,531.0)
Advances on mortgage repurchase facility, net 
 
 53.0
 
 53.0
Intercompany advances 
 24.9
 17.5
 (42.4) 
Proceeds from stock associated with certain employee benefit plans 22.3
 
 
 
 22.3
Cash paid for shares withheld for taxes (19.5) 
 
 
 (19.5)
Cash dividends paid (111.9) 
 (78.7) 78.7
 (111.9)
Repurchases of common stock (216.2) 
 
 
 (216.2)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests, net 
 
 (3.7) 
 (3.7)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (75.2) 23.8
 23.1
 36.3
 8.0
Decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (501.7) (54.6) (218.5) 
 (774.8)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 914.7
 160.7
 430.6
 
 1,506.0
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $413.0
 $106.1
 $212.1
 $
 $731.2


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D.R. HORTON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) – (Continued)
March 31, 2019




NOTE O – SUPPLEMENTAL GUARANTOR INFORMATION - (Continued)


Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
Six Months Ended March 31, 2018
  
D.R.
Horton, Inc.
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Total
  (In millions)
OPERATING ACTIVITIES          
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities $(147.3) $269.9
 $(184.4) $(37.0) $(98.8)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES          
Expenditures for property and equipment (21.4) (15.0) (3.1) 
 (39.5)
Proceeds from sale of assets 
 
 253.4
 
 253.4
Expenditures related to multi-family rental properties 
 
 (44.5) 5.0
 (39.5)
Return of investment in unconsolidated entities 
 
 15.1
 
 15.1
Intercompany advances 266.3
 
 
 (266.3) 
Payments related to business acquisitions, net of cash acquired (560.0) 
 401.9
 
 (158.1)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (315.1) (15.0) 622.8
 (261.3) 31.4
FINANCING ACTIVITIES          
Proceeds from notes payable 1,912.3
 
 1.3
 
 1,913.6
Repayment of notes payable (1,740.2) (2.3) (10.0) 
 (1,752.5)
Advances on mortgage repurchase facility, net 
 
 69.8
 
 69.8
Intercompany advances 
 (291.0) 24.7
 266.3
 
Proceeds from stock associated with certain employee benefit plans 32.7
 
 
 
 32.7
Cash paid for shares withheld for taxes (10.3) 
 
 
 (10.3)
Cash dividends paid (94.1) 
 (32.0) 32.0
 (94.1)
Repurchases of common stock (47.9) 
 
 
 (47.9)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests, net 
 
 (2.0) 
 (2.0)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 52.5
 (293.3) 51.8
 298.3
 109.3
(Decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (409.9) (38.4) 490.2
 
 41.9
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 788.7
 156.0
 79.6
 
 1,024.3
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $378.8
 $117.6
 $569.8
 $
 $1,066.2


40

Table of Contents

ITEM 2.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this quarterly report and with our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018.2019. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis constitutes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those described in the “Forward-Looking Statements” section following this discussion.




BUSINESS


D.R. Horton, Inc. is the largest homebuilding company in the United States as measured by number of homes closed. We construct and sell homes through our operating divisions in 8489 markets inacross 29 states, primarily under the names of D.R. Horton, America’s Builder; Emerald Homes; Express Homes and Freedom Homes. Our common stock is included in the S&P 500 Index and listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “DHI.” Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “D.R. Horton,” the “Company,” “we” and “our” used herein refer to D.R. Horton, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its predecessors and subsidiaries.


Our business operations consist of homebuilding, a majority-owned residential lot development company, financial services and other activities. Our homebuilding operations are our core business and primarily include the construction and sale of single-family homes with sales prices generally ranging from $100,000 to more than $1,000,000, with an average closing price of $295,900$299,200 during the six months ended March 31, 2019.2020. Approximately 91% of our home sales revenuesrevenue in the six months ended March 31, 2019 were2020 was generated from the sale of single-family detached homes, with the remainder from the sale of attached homes, such as townhomes, duplexes and triplexes.


During fiscal 2018, we acquired 75% of the outstanding shares of Forestar Group Inc. (Forestar), for $558.3 million in cash. Forestar is a publicly traded residential lot development company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “FOR.” The acquisitionForestar is a component of our homebuilding strategy to expandenhance operational and capital efficiency and returns by expanding relationships with land developers and increaseincreasing the optioned portion of our homebuilding land and lot position to enhance operational efficiency and returns.controlled under land purchase contracts. At March 31, 2020, we owned 65% of Forestar’s outstanding common stock.


Our financial services operations provide mortgage financing and title agency services to homebuyers in many of our homebuilding markets. DHI Mortgage, our 100% owned subsidiary, provides mortgage financing services primarily to our homebuyers and generally sells the mortgages it originates and the related servicing rights to third-party purchasers. DHI Mortgage originates loans in accordance with purchaser guidelines and sells substantially all of its mortgage production shortly after origination. Our 100% owned subsidiary title companies serve as title insurance agents by providing title insurance policies, examination and closing services, primarily to our homebuyers.


In addition to our homebuilding, Forestar and financial services operations, we have subsidiaries that engage in other business activities. These subsidiaries conduct insurance-related operations, construct and own income-producing multi-family rental properties, own non-residential real estate including ranch land and improvements and own and operate oil and gas related assets. One of these subsidiaries, DHI Communities, constructs multi-family rental properties and has four projects under active construction and two projects that are substantially complete at March 31, 2019. In January 2019, DHI Communities sold its first multi-family rental property for $73.4 million and recorded a gain on the sale of $29.3 million, which is included in our consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019. At March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, our consolidated balance sheets included $170.2 million and $173.2 million, respectively, of assets related to DHI Communities. The combined assets of all of our subsidiaries engaged in other business activities totaled $263.3 million and $198.9 million at March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively, and the combined pre-tax income of these subsidiaries was $27.5 million and $28.5 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, compared to pre-tax losses of $2.2 million and $3.3 million in the same periods of fiscal 2018. The operating results of these subsidiaries are immaterial for separate reporting and therefore are grouped together and presented as other.


One of these subsidiaries, DHI Communities, develops, constructs and owns multi-family residential properties that produce rental income. DHI Communities is primarily focused on constructing garden style multi-family products, which typically accommodate 200 to 400 dwelling units, in high growth suburban markets. After DHI Communities has completed construction and achieved a stabilized occupancy rate, the property is typically marketed for sale. We currently have three projects under active construction and one project that is substantially complete. In November 2019, DHI Communities sold a multi-family rental property for $61.5 million and recorded a gain on the sale of $31.2 million. In February 2020, DHI Communities sold a multi-family rental property for $67.0 million and recorded a gain on the sale of $28.2 million. At March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, our consolidated balance sheets included $202.8 million and $204.0 million, respectively, of assets owned by DHI Communities. The combined assets of all of our subsidiaries engaged in other business activities totaled $333.4 million and $317.9 million at March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively, and the combined pre-tax income of these subsidiaries was $28.0 million and $57.5 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, compared to $27.5 million and $28.5 million in the prior year periods.


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OVERVIEW


Sales prices for both new and resale homes have increased acrossFiscal Year-to-Date Operating Results

Economic fundamentals remained solid in the housing market throughout most of our markets over the past several years, which has generally reduced housing affordability. Duringsecond quarter of fiscal 2018,2020, as interest rates on mortgage loans increased, which further impacted affordability. These conditions have resulted in some recent moderation ofremained low, demand for new homes in late fiscal 2018was strong and early fiscal 2019, with variations across our markets. However, we continue to see solid economic fundamentals andthere was a limited supply of homes at affordable prices across most of our markets.


During the six months ended March 31, 2019, our number and value of net sales orders increased 5% and 3%, respectively, compared to the prior year period. During the six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, our number of homes closed and home sales revenues both increased 8%10% and 11%, respectively, compared to the prior year period, and our consolidated revenues increased 11% to $8.5 billion compared to $7.6 billion in the prior year period. Our pre-tax income was $838.5 million$1.1 billion in the current year six month periodmonths ended March 31, 2020 compared to $836.1$838.5 million in the prior year period, and our pre-tax operating margin was 11.0%13.4% compared to 11.7%11.0%. We are monitoringNet income was $916.4 million in the six months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $641.1 million in the prior year period. The current six month period results include a tax benefit of $39.5 million related to the retroactive reinstatement of the federal energy efficient homes tax credit.

Cash provided by our sales pace, pricing and homeshomebuilding operations was $52.1 million in the six months ended March 31, 2020 compared to cash used of $215.9 million in the prior year period. In the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2020, our homebuilding return on inventory (ROI) was 20.2% compared to 18.6% in the prior year period. Homebuilding ROI is calculated as homebuilding pre-tax income for the year divided by average inventory. Average inventory in eachthe ROI calculation is the sum of our communities, and we will adjust sales pace, home pricing and incentives based on local housing market conditions.ending inventory balances for the trailing five quarters divided by five.


We believe our business is well positioned with a broad geographic footprint, affordable product offerings, a balanced supply of finished lots, land and homes, a strong balance sheet and liquidity and experienced personnel across our operating markets. We remain focused on growing our revenues and profitability, generating positive annual cash flows from operations and managing our product offerings, pricing, sales pace and inventory levels to optimize the return on our inventory investments.

Within our homebuilding land and lot portfolio, our lots controlled under purchase contracts represent 62%64% of the lots owned and controlled at March 31, 20192020 compared to 57%60% at September 30, 20182019 and 52%62% at March 31, 2018. Forestar’s inventory growth is advancing2019. Our focus on increasing the controlled portion of our finished lot pipeline has benefited from our relationship with Forestar, our majority-owned lot development company.

COVID-19

During the latter part of March and into April, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic (COVID-19) and the related widespread reductions in economic activity across the United States began to adversely affect our business operations and the demand for our homes across all of our operating markets. We have experienced increases in sales cancellations and decreases in sales orders in late March and April as compared to the same period in the prior year. As of April 28, 2020, our net sales orders for the month of April are approximately 11% lower than the same period a year ago. This trend in net sales orders may not be indicative of the net sales order results that may be expected for the full month of April 2020, because a significant number of sales contract cancellations typically occur in the final days of each month, which can significantly affect net sales orders for the full month. As of April 28, 2020, our weekly net sales order volumes in the most recent two weeks have increased as compared to the preceding four weeks.

In almost all of the municipalities across the U.S. where we operate, residential construction and financial services have been designated as essential businesses as part of critical infrastructure. We have continued our homebuilding, strategylot development and financial services operations in those markets where allowed and have implemented operational protocols to comply with social distancing and other health and safety standards as required by federal, state and local government agencies, taking into consideration guidelines of increasingthe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other public health authorities.

Our mortgage company has experienced lower pricing and margins on sales of mortgage loans and servicing rights in late March and April due to disruption in the secondary mortgage markets. Many purchasers and servicers of our accessmortgages have limited their purchases and tightened their credit standards due to optioned landliquidity and lots.operational challenges caused by COVID-19 and the uncertainty of the impact of the borrower forbearance provisions of the federal Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) enacted in late March 2020.


There is significant uncertainty regarding the extent to which and how long COVID-19 and related government directives, actions and economic relief efforts will disrupt the U.S. economy and level of employment, capital markets, secondary mortgage markets, consumer confidence, demand for our homes and availability of mortgage loans to homebuyers. The extent to which this impacts our operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of COVID-19 and the impact on our customers, trade partners and employees, all of which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.

We believe that housing demandour strong balance sheet and liquidity position will help us operate in this uncertain environment. We will seek to maintain our individual operating markets is tied closelyflexible financial position by generating strong cash flows from our homebuilding operations, limiting land acquisition and land development spending and adjusting our product offerings, incentives, home pricing, sales pace and inventory levels to optimize the return on our inventory investments in each market’s economy. Therefore, we expect thatof our communities based on local housing market conditions will continue to vary across our markets. If the U.S. economy continues to grow, we expect to see solid housing demand, concentrated in markets where job growth is occurring and new home prices remain affordable relative to household incomes. The pace and sustainability of new home demand and our future results could be negatively affected by weakening economic conditions, decreases in the level of employment and housing demand, decreased home affordability, increases in mortgage interest rates or tightening of mortgage lending standards.

conditions.


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STRATEGY


Our operating strategy focuses on enhancing long-term value to our shareholders by leveraging our financial and competitive position in our core homebuilding business to increase the returns on our inventory investments and generate strong profitability and cash flows, while managing risk and maintaining financial flexibility to withstand an economic downturn and remain positioned to make opportunistic strategic investments. ThisWe are making operational adjustments and limiting capital investments as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential impact on our businesses, including cautiously managing our homes under construction and limiting land acquisition and land development activities; however, our strategy remains consistent and includes the following initiatives:
Developing and retaining highly experienced and productive teams of personnel throughout our company that are aligned and focused on continuous improvement in our operational execution and financial performance.
Maintaining a strong cash balance and overall liquidity position and controlling our level of debt.
Allocating and actively managing our inventory investments across our operating markets to diversify our geographic risk.
Offering new home communities that appeal to a broad range of entry-level, move-up, active adult and luxury homebuyers based on consumer demand in each market.
Modifying product offerings, sales pace, home prices and sales incentives as necessary in each of our markets to meet consumer demand and maintain affordability.
Delivering high quality homes to our customers and a positive experience to our customers both during and after the sale.
ManagingCurrently, we are cautiously managing our inventory of homes under construction relative to demand in each of our markets including startingto adjust to the impact of COVID-19, while continuing to start construction on unsold homes to capture new home demand and actively controlling the number of unsold, completed homes in inventory.
Investing inCurrently, we are limiting our land acquisition and land development investments to adjust to the impact of COVID-19, while still investing in desirable markets whileand controlling the level of land and lots we own in each of our marketsmarket relative to the local new home demand.
IncreasingCurrently, our homebuilding operations are working with land developers and our majority-owned Forestar lot development subsidiary to adjust timing of lot purchases under contract to align with current and expected new home demand in each of our markets to adjust to the amountimpact of COVID-19, while continuing to seek opportunities to expand the portion of our land and finished lots controlled through purchase contracts by expanding relationshipsand assisting Forestar with land developers across the country and growing our majority-owned Forestar lot developmenttheir operations.
Opportunistically pursuing acquisitions to enhance our operations and improve returns.
Controlling the cost of goods purchased from both vendors and subcontractors.
Improving the efficiency of our land development, construction, sales and other key operational activities.
Controlling our selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expense infrastructure to match production levels.

Opportunistically evaluating potential acquisitions to enhance our operations and improve returns.
Ensuring that our financial services business provides high quality mortgage and title services to homebuyers efficiently and effectively.
Investing in the construction of garden style multi-family rental properties to meet rental demand in high growth suburban markets and selling these properties profitably.

We believe our operating strategy, which has produced positive results in recent years, will allow us to withstand the impact of COVID-19 and related economic downturn and maintain and improve our financial and competitive position and balance sheet strength. However, we cannot provide any assurances that the initiatives listed above will continue to be successful, and we may need to adjust components of our strategy to meet future market conditions.



35
43




KEY RESULTS


Key financial results as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2019,2020, as compared to the same period of 2018,2019, were as follows:


Homebuilding:
Homebuilding revenues increased 8%10% to $4.0$4.4 billion compared to $3.7$4.0 billion.
Homes closed increased 10%8% to 13,48014,539 homes, and the average closing price of those homes was $295,300.$300,100.
Net sales orders increased 6%20% to 16,80520,087 homes, and the value of net sales orders increased 4%22% to $4.9$6.0 billion.
Sales order backlog increased 7%14% to 16,89019,328 homes, and the value of sales order backlog increased 3%18% to $5.0$5.9 billion.
Home sales gross margin was 19.3%21.3% compared to 20.8%19.3%.
Homebuilding SG&A expense was 9.0%8.3% of homebuilding revenues compared to 8.8%9.0%.
Homebuilding pre-tax income was $400.4$565.5 million compared to $416.0$400.4 million.
Homebuilding pre-tax income was 10.0%12.9% of homebuilding revenues compared to 11.3%10.0%.
Homebuilding cash and cash equivalents totaled $557.3 million$1.0 billion compared to $1.1$1.0 billion and $528.9$557.3 million at September 30, 20182019 and March 31, 2018,2019, respectively.
Homebuilding inventories totaled $11.1 billion compared to $9.9$10.3 billion and $9.8$11.1 billion at September 30, 20182019 and March 31, 2018,2019, respectively.
Homes in inventory totaled 32,10033,400 compared to 27,90027,700 and 27,70032,100 at September 30, 20182019 and March 31, 2018,2019, respectively.
Owned lots totaled 120,900118,700 compared to 124,300121,400 and 124,200120,900 at September 30, 20182019 and March 31, 2018,2019, respectively. Lots controlled through purchase contracts totaledincreased to 210,600 from 185,900 and 195,500 compared to 164,200 and 133,500 at September 30, 20182019 and March 31, 2018,2019, respectively.
Homebuilding debt was $2.8$2.5 billion compared to $2.4$2.0 billion and $2.6$2.8 billion at September 30, 20182019 and March 31, 2018,2019, respectively.
Homebuilding debt to total capital was 22.9%19.2% compared to 21.4%17.0% and 22.9% at September 30, 20182019 and 24.2% at March 31, 2018.2019, respectively.





4436




Forestar:
Forestar’s revenues increased 189%143% to $65.4$159.1 million compared to $22.6$65.4 million. Revenues in the current and prior year quarters included $39.7$151.9 million and $8.5$39.7 million, respectively, of revenue from land and lot sales to our homebuilding segment.
Forestar’s lots sold increased 256% to 1,951 compared to 548. Lots sold to D.R. Horton totaled 1,906 compared to 453.
Forestar’s pre-tax income increased 257% to $16.4was $13.7 million compared to $4.6$16.4 million.
Forestar’s pre-tax income was 8.6% of Forestar revenues compared to 25.1%.
Forestar’s cash and cash equivalents totaled $438.2 million compared to $382.8 million and $66.4 million at September 30, 2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively.
Forestar’s inventories totaled $1.2 billion compared to $1.0 billion and $851.5 million at September 30, 2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively.
Owned and controlled lots totaled 31,40052,300 compared to 20,10038,300 and 31,400 at September 30, 2018.2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively. Of these lots, 21,700 and 13,600, respectively,28,600 were under contract to sell to or subject to a right of first offer with D.R. Horton.
Horton, compared to 23,400 and 21,700 at September 30, 2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively.
Forestar’s cash and cash equivalents totaled $66.4debt was $640.1 million compared to $318.8$460.5 million and $149.2 million at September 30, 2018.2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively.
Forestar’s inventories totaled $851.5 milliondebt to total capital was 43.4% compared to $498.0 million36.3% and 17.8% at September 30, 2018.2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively.


Financial Services:
Financial services revenues increased 7%3% to $101.6$104.5 million compared to $94.9$101.6 million.
Financial services pre-tax income increased 8% to $34.0 million compared to $31.4 million.
Financial services pre-tax income was 33.5%$24.7 million compared to $34.0 million.
Financial services pre-tax income was 23.6% of financial services revenues compared to 33.1%33.5%.


Consolidated Results:
• Consolidated pre-tax income was $462.8 million compared to $444.8 million.
• Consolidated pre-tax income was 11.2% of consolidated revenues compared to 11.7%.
• Income tax expense was $108.4 million compared to $94.0 million.
• Net income attributable to D.R. Horton was $351.3 million compared to $351.0 million.
Consolidated pre-tax income increased 34% to $621.3 million compared to $462.8 million.
Consolidated pre-tax income was 13.8% of consolidated revenues compared to 11.2%.
Income tax expense was $137.3 million compared to $108.4 million.
Net income attributable to D.R. Horton increased 37% to $482.7 million compared to $351.3 million.
Diluted net income per common share attributable to D.R. Horton was $0.93increased 40% to $1.30 compared to $0.91.$0.93.
Stockholders’ equity was $9.4$10.5 billion compared to $9.0$10.0 billion and $8.2$9.4 billion at September 30, 20182019 and March 31, 2018,2019, respectively.
Book value per common share increased to $25.09$28.77 compared to $23.88$27.20 and $21.72$25.09 at September 30, 20182019 and March 31, 2018,2019, respectively.
Debt to total capital was 27.9%29.2% compared to 26.3%25.3% at September 30, 20182019 and 28.3%27.9% at March 31, 2018.2019.




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Key financial results for the six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, as compared to the same period of 2018 (or from the acquisition date of October 5, 2017 through March 31, 2018 for Forestar’s results),2019, were as follows:


Homebuilding:
Homebuilding revenues increased 7%11% to $7.4$8.3 billion compared to $6.9$7.4 billion.
Homes closed increased 8%10% to 24,98027,498 homes, and the average closing price of those homes was $295,900.$299,200.
Net sales orders increased 5%19% to 27,84733,213 homes, and the value of net sales orders increased 3%22% to $8.2$10.0 billion.
Home sales gross margin was 19.6%21.1% compared to 20.8%19.6%.
Homebuilding SG&A expense was 9.2%8.7% of homebuilding revenues compared to 9.1%9.2%.
Homebuilding pre-tax income was $754.8 million$1.0 billion compared to $789.8$754.8 million.
Homebuilding pre-tax income was 10.2%12.4% of homebuilding revenues compared to 11.4%10.2%.
Net cash used in homebuilding operations was $215.9 million compared to cash provided by homebuilding operations was $52.1 million compared to net cash used of $90.7$215.9 million.


Forestar:
Forestar’s revenues increased 94%292% to $103.8$406.4 million compared to $53.5$103.8 million. Revenues in the current and prior year periods included $68.7$373.2 million and $8.5$68.7 million, respectively, of revenue from land and lot sales to our homebuilding segment.
Forestar’s lots sold increased 310% to 4,373 compared to 1,066. Lots sold to D.R. Horton totaled 4,296 compared to 908.
Forestar’s pre-tax income increased 145% to $21.3was $35.8 million compared to $8.7$21.3 million.

Forestar’s pre-tax income was 8.8% of Forestar revenues compared to 20.5%.

Financial Services:
Financial services revenues increased 6%11% to $186.9$207.4 million compared to $176.0$186.9 million.
Financial services pre-tax income increased 7% to $57.6 million compared to $53.7 million.
Financial services pre-tax income was 30.8%$55.2 million compared to $57.6 million.
Financial services pre-tax income was 26.6% of financial services revenues compared to 30.5%30.8%.


Consolidated Results:
• Consolidated pre-tax income was $838.5 million compared to $836.1 million.
• Consolidated pre-tax income was 11.0% of consolidated revenues compared to 11.7%.
• Income tax expense was $197.4 million compared to $296.4 million. Income tax expense in the prior year period included a charge of $108.7 million as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Act).
• Net income attributable to D.R. Horton increased 18% to $638.4 million compared to $540.3 million.
Consolidated pre-tax income increased 36% to $1.1 billion compared to $838.5 million.
Consolidated pre-tax income was 13.4% of consolidated revenues compared to 11.0%.
Income tax expense was $228.1 million compared to $197.4 million.
Net income attributable to D.R. Horton increased 43% to $914.0 million compared to $638.4 million.
Diluted net income per common share attributable to D.R. Horton increased 19%46% to $1.68$2.46 compared to $1.41.$1.68.
Net cash used in operations was $461.7$395.1 million compared to $98.8$461.7 million.





4638

Table of Contents

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - HOMEBUILDING


We conduct our homebuilding operations in the geographic regions, states and markets listed below, and we conduct our financial services operations in many of these markets. Our homebuilding operating divisions are aggregated into six reporting segments, also referred to as reporting regions, which comprise the markets below. Our financial statements and the notes thereto contain additional information regarding segment performance.
StateReporting Region/Market StateReporting Region/Market
StateReporting Region/Market East RegionStateReporting Region/MarketSoutheast Region
DelawareCentral DelawareAlabamaBirmingham
East RegionNorthern DelawareSoutheast RegionHuntsville
DelawareGeorgiaCentral DelawareSavannahAlabamaBirminghamMobile/Baldwin County
MarylandNorthern DelawareBaltimoreHuntsvilleMontgomery
GeorgiaSavannahMobile/Baldwin County
MarylandBaltimoreMontgomery
Suburban Washington, D.C.Tuscaloosa
New JerseyNorthern New JerseyFloridaFort Myers/Naples
Southern New JerseyGainesville
North CarolinaCharlotteAshevilleJacksonville
Greensboro/Winston-SalemCharlotteLakeland
Raleigh/DurhamGreensboro/Winston-SalemMelbourne/Vero Beach
WilmingtonRaleigh/DurhamMiami/Fort Lauderdale
PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaWilmingtonOcala
South CarolinaPennsylvaniaCharlestonPhiladelphiaOrlando
South CarolinaColumbiaCharlestonPensacola/Panama City
Greenville/SpartanburgColumbiaPort St. Lucie
Hilton HeadGreenville/SpartanburgTampa/Sarasota
Myrtle BeachHilton HeadVolusia County
VirginiaNorthern VirginiaMyrtle BeachWest Palm Beach
VirginiaSouthernNorthern VirginiaGeorgiaAtlanta
Southern VirginiaAugusta
Midwest RegionMississippiGulf Coast
ColoradoDenverMidwest RegionTennesseeKnoxvilleChattanooga
ColoradoFort CollinsDenverNashvilleKnoxville
IllinoisChicagoFort CollinsMemphis
IndianaIllinoisFort WayneChicagoWest RegionNashville
IndianaIndianapolisFort WayneCaliforniaBakersfield
IowaDes MoinesIndianapolisBay AreaWest Region
MinnesotaIowaDes MoinesCaliforniaBakersfield
MinnesotaMinneapolis/St. PaulFresnoBay Area
OhioColumbusCincinnatiFresno
ColumbusLos Angeles County
Riverside CountyModesto/Merced
South Central RegionSacramentoRiverside County
LouisianaBaton RougeSacramento
LafayetteSan Bernardino County
OklahomaLafayetteOklahoma CitySan Diego County
OklahomaTexasOklahoma CityAustinVentura County
TexasAustinBryan/College StationHawaiiHawaiiMaui
DallasKauaiOahu
Fort WorthNevadaMauiLas Vegas
HoustonOahuReno
Killeen/Temple/WacoNevadaOregonLas VegasBend
Midland/OdessaRenoPortland/Salem
New Braunfels/San MarcosOregonUtahPortland/Salem
San AntonioUtahSalt Lake City
San AntonioWashingtonSeattle/Tacoma/EverettEverett/Olympia
Southwest RegionSpokane
ArizonaPhoenixSouthwest RegionVancouver
ArizonaTucsonPhoenix
New MexicoAlbuquerqueTucson
New MexicoAlbuquerque





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The following tables and related discussion set forth key operating and financial data for our homebuilding operations by reporting segment as of and for the three and six months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018.2019.
Net Sales Orders (1)
Three Months Ended March 31,
 Net Homes SoldValue (In millions)Average Selling Price
 20202019%
Change
20202019%
Change
20202019%
Change
East2,7492,42613 %$803.8  $693.1  16 %$292,400  $285,700  %
Midwest1,4261,03638 %506.4  361.3  40 %355,100  348,700  %
Southeast6,0165,605%1,634.9  1,488.4  10 %271,800  265,500  %
South Central6,1394,77928 %1,569.0  1,203.2  30 %255,600  251,800  %
Southwest94279718 %267.6  206.2  30 %284,100  258,700  10 %
West2,8152,16230 %1,239.2  989.8  25 %440,200  457,800  (4)%
20,08716,80520 %$6,020.9  $4,942.0  22 %$299,700  $294,100  %
Six Months Ended March 31,
 Net Homes SoldValue (In millions)Average Selling Price
 20202019%
Change
20202019%
Change
20202019%
Change
East4,5903,99615 %$1,350.5  $1,138.0  19 %$294,200  $284,800  %
Midwest2,1401,56836 %761.7  558.2  36 %355,900  356,000  — %
Southeast10,3909,22113 %2,826.7  2,451.7  15 %272,100  265,900  %
South Central9,9148,17421 %2,533.2  2,059.0  23 %255,500  251,900  %
Southwest1,6091,32721 %467.3  341.1  37 %290,400  257,000  13 %
West4,5703,56128 %2,031.2  1,619.2  25 %444,500  454,700  (2)%
33,21327,84719 %$9,970.6  $8,167.2  22 %$300,200  $293,300  %

Sales Order Cancellations
Three Months Ended March 31,
 Cancelled Sales Orders Value (In millions)Cancellation Rate (2)
 202020192020201920202019
East660573$188.5  $162.8  19 %19 %
Midwest22416275.7  55.3  14 %14 %
Southeast1,6951,378463.1  367.6  22 %20 %
South Central1,3721,234352.9  307.4  18 %21 %
Southwest22423465.8  57.9  19 %23 %
West395315178.8  147.8  12 %13 %
4,5703,896$1,324.8  $1,098.8  19 %19 %
Six Months Ended March 31,
 Cancelled Sales Orders Value (In millions)Cancellation Rate (2)
 202020192020201920202019
East1,0901,072$311.6  $302.8  19 %21 %
Midwest385269126.8  93.4  15 %15 %
Southeast2,8662,597783.7  694.3  22 %22 %
South Central2,3662,290607.4  571.1  19 %22 %
Southwest384520110.5  129.0  19 %28 %
West686634308.7  295.2  13 %15 %
7,7777,382$2,248.7  $2,085.8  19 %21 %
 ___________________________________________
(1)Net sales orders represent the number and dollar value of new sales contracts executed with customers (gross sales orders), net of cancelled sales orders.
(2)Cancellation rate represents the number of cancelled sales orders divided by gross sales orders.


  Net Sales Orders (1)


Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Net Homes Sold
Value (In millions)
Average Selling Price
 
2019
2018
%
Change

2019
2018
%
Change

2019
2018
%
Change
East 2,426 1,991 22 % $693.1
 $566.8
 22 % $285,700
 $284,700
  %
Midwest 1,036 790 31 % 361.3
 306.5
 18 % 348,700
 388,000
 (10)%
Southeast 5,605 5,054 11 % 1,488.4
 1,352.6
 10 % 265,500
 267,600
 (1)%
South Central 4,779 4,788  % 1,203.2
 1,200.5
  % 251,800
 250,700
  %
Southwest 797 889 (10)% 206.2
 211.7
 (3)% 258,700
 238,100
 9 %
West 2,162 2,316 (7)% 989.8
 1,103.4
 (10)% 457,800
 476,400
 (4)%
  16,805 15,828 6 % $4,942.0
 $4,741.5
 4 % $294,100
 $299,600
 (2)%
                   
  Six Months Ended March 31,
  Net Homes Sold Value (In millions) Average Selling Price
  2019 2018 %
Change
 2019 2018 %
Change
 2019 2018 %
Change
East 3,996 3,421 17 % $1,138.0
 $965.3
 18 % $284,800
 $282,200
 1 %
Midwest 1,568 1,167 34 % 558.2
 451.5
 24 % 356,000
 386,900
 (8)%
Southeast 9,221 8,686 6 % 2,451.7
 2,329.0
 5 % 265,900
 268,100
 (1)%
South Central 8,174 7,814 5 % 2,059.0
 1,961.2
 5 % 251,900
 251,000
  %
Southwest 1,327 1,590 (17)% 341.1
 376.8
 (9)% 257,000
 237,000
 8 %
West 3,561 3,903 (9)% 1,619.2
 1,880.3
 (14)% 454,700
 481,800
 (6)%
  27,847 26,581 5 % $8,167.2
 $7,964.1
 3 % $293,300
 $299,600
 (2)%
40

  Sales Order Cancellations
  Three Months Ended March 31,
  Cancelled Sales Orders  Value (In millions) Cancellation Rate (2)
  2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018
East 573 487 $162.8
 $138.1
 19% 20%
Midwest 162 70 55.3
 26.2
 14% 8%
Southeast 1,378 1,499 367.6
 397.1
 20% 23%
South Central 1,234 1,194 307.4
 293.8
 21% 20%
Southwest 234 244 57.9
 56.1
 23% 22%
West 315 326 147.8
 148.8
 13% 12%
  3,896 3,820 $1,098.8
 $1,060.1
 19% 19%
             
  Six Months Ended March 31,
  Cancelled Sales Orders  Value (In millions) Cancellation Rate (2)
  2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018
East 1,072 877 $302.8
 $249.3
 21% 20%
Midwest 269 122 93.4
 47.0
 15% 9%
Southeast 2,597 2,620 694.3
 691.6
 22% 23%
South Central 2,290 2,127 571.1
 525.0
 22% 21%
Southwest 520 452 129.0
 103.9
 28% 22%
West 634 604 295.2
 284.7
 15% 13%
  7,382 6,802 $2,085.8
 $1,901.5
 21% 20%

(1)
Net sales orders represent the number and dollar value of new sales contracts executed with customers (gross sales orders), net of cancelled sales orders.
(2)Cancellation rate represents the number of cancelled sales orders divided by gross sales orders.


48

Table of Contents



Net Sales Orders


The number of net sales orders increased 6%20% and 5%19% in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods.periods, with increases in all of our regions. The value of net sales orders increased 4%22% to $4.9$6.0 billion (16,805(20,087 homes) and 3% to $8.2$10.0 billion (27,847(33,213 homes) for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to $4.7$4.9 billion (15,828(16,805 homes) and $8.0$8.2 billion (26,581(27,847 homes) in the prior year periods. Increases in the East, Midwest and Southeast regions were partially offset by decreases in the Southwest and West regions. The average selling price of net sales orders during the three and six months ended March 31, 20192020 was $294,100$299,700 and $293,300,$300,200, respectively, both downup 2% from theboth prior year periods.


HigherThe markets contributing most to the increases in sales volumes in our East and Midwest regions reflect our recent acquisitions ofwere as follows: the homebuilding operations of Terramor Homes, Westport Homes and Classic Builders, which added 105 and 119 net sales orders to the East region’s results and 387 and 497 net sales orders to the Midwest region's resultsCarolina markets in the threeEast; the Denver, Iowa and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively. The decreasesMinnesota markets in net sales ordersthe Midwest; the Florida markets in our Southwestthe Southeast; the Houston and West regions were primarily due to decreasesDallas markets in sales ordersthe South Central; the Phoenix market in our Phoenixthe Southwest; and the California markets. markets in the West.

Our sales order cancellation rate (cancelled sales orders divided by gross sales orders for the period) was 19% and 21% in both the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively,2020 compared to 19% and 20%21% in the prior year periods. During the latter part of March and into April, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related widespread reductions in economic activity began to adversely affect our business operations and the demand for our homes. We experienced increases in sales cancellations and decreases in sales orders in late March and April as compared to the same period in the prior year.


There is significant uncertainty regarding the extent to which and how long COVID-19 and related government directives, actions and economic relief efforts will disrupt the U.S. economy and level of employment, capital markets, secondary mortgage markets, consumer confidence, demand for our homes and availability of mortgage loans to homebuyers. The extent to which this impacts our operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of COVID-19 and the impact on our customers, trade partners and employees, all of which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.

We believe our business iswe are well positioned to operate in this uncertain environment and will continue to generate increasedadjust product offerings, incentives, home pricing, sales volume; however,pace and inventory levels to optimize the return on our future sales volumes will depend on new home demandinventory investments in each of our operating markets and our ability to successfully implement our operating strategies.communities based on local housing market conditions.





 Sales Order BacklogSales Order Backlog
 As of March 31,As of March 31,
 Homes in Backlog Value (In millions) Average Selling Price Homes in BacklogValue (In millions)Average Selling Price
 2019 2018 
%
Change
 2019 2018 
%
Change
 2019 2018 
%
Change
20202019%
Change
20202019%
Change
20202019%
Change
East 2,550 2,046 25 % $744.1
 $589.7
 26 % $291,800
 $288,200
 1 %East2,7252,550%$826.7  $744.1  11 %$303,400  $291,800  %
Midwest 1,228 664 85 % 417.7
 258.9
 61 % 340,100
 389,900
 (13)%Midwest1,5131,22823 %535.6  417.7  28 %354,000  340,100  %
Southeast 5,132 5,064 1 % 1,414.5
 1,404.2
 1 % 275,600
 277,300
 (1)%Southeast5,6055,132%1,581.5  1,414.5  12 %282,200  275,600  %
South Central 5,246 4,956 6 % 1,351.5
 1,257.8
 7 % 257,600
 253,800
 1 %South Central6,1335,24617 %1,602.0  1,351.5  19 %261,200  257,600  %
Southwest 1,013 1,028 (1)% 275.9
 244.8
 13 % 272,400
 238,100
 14 %Southwest1,0811,013%313.2  275.9  14 %289,700  272,400  %
West 1,721 2,083 (17)% 794.0
 1,078.1
 (26)% 461,400
 517,600
 (11)%West2,2711,72132 %1,025.2  794.0  29 %451,400  461,400  (2)%
 16,890 15,841 7 % $4,997.7
 $4,833.5
 3 % $295,900
 $305,100
 (3)%19,32816,89014 %$5,884.2  $4,997.7  18 %$304,400  $295,900  %


Sales Order Backlog


Sales order backlog represents homes under contract but not yet closed at the end of the period. Many of the contracts in our sales order backlog are subject to contingencies, including mortgage loan approval and buyers selling their existing homes, which can result in cancellations. A portion of the contracts in backlog will not result in closings due to cancellations.





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Homes Closed and Home Sales Revenue
Three Months Ended March 31,
 Homes ClosedValue (In millions)Average Selling Price
 20202019%
Change
20202019%
Change
20202019%
Change
East1,9831,79111 %$579.5  $518.0  12 %$292,200  $289,200  %
Midwest87770125 %308.7  246.4  25 %352,000  351,500  — %
Southeast4,8314,527%1,315.4  1,196.1  10 %272,300  264,200  %
South Central4,1673,942%1,057.2  986.9  %253,700  250,400  %
Southwest680681— %199.7  173.2  15 %293,700  254,300  15 %
West2,0011,838%902.8  859.9  %451,200  467,800  (4)%
14,53913,480%$4,363.3  $3,980.5  10 %$300,100  $295,300  %
Six Months Ended March 31,
 Homes ClosedValue (In millions)Average Selling Price
 20202019%
Change
20202019%
Change
20202019%
Change
East3,7813,34913 %$1,099.9  $963.9  14 %$290,900  $287,800  %
Midwest1,6901,37223 %590.9  491.2  20 %349,600  358,000  (2)%
Southeast9,0628,310%2,464.7  2,209.5  12 %272,000  265,900  %
South Central7,9477,420%2,015.2  1,859.3  %253,600  250,600  %
Southwest1,3431,242%395.7  316.8  25 %294,600  255,100  15 %
West3,6753,28712 %1,660.2  1,550.5  %451,800  471,700  (4)%
27,49824,98010 %$8,226.6  $7,391.2  11 %$299,200  $295,900  %

  Homes Closed and Home Sales Revenue
  Three Months Ended March 31,
  Homes Closed Value (In millions) Average Selling Price
  2019 2018 
%
Change
 2019 2018 
%
Change
 2019 2018 
%
Change
East 1,791 1,531 17 % $518.0
 $435.4
 19 % $289,200
 $284,400
 2 %
Midwest 701 514 36 % 246.4
 203.6
 21 % 351,500
 396,100
 (11)%
Southeast 4,527 3,935 15 % 1,196.1
 1,041.0
 15 % 264,200
 264,500
  %
South Central 3,942 3,636 8 % 986.9
 913.3
 8 % 250,400
 251,200
  %
Southwest 681 713 (4)% 173.2
 168.8
 3 % 254,300
 236,700
 7 %
West 1,838 1,952 (6)% 859.9
 910.0
 (6)% 467,800
 466,200
  %
  13,480 12,281 10 % $3,980.5
 $3,672.1
 8 % $295,300
 $299,000
 (1)%
                   
  Six Months Ended March 31,
  Homes Closed Value (In millions) Average Selling Price
  2019 2018 
%
Change
 2019 2018 
%
Change
 2019 2018 
%
Change
East 3,349 2,919 15 % $963.9
 $828.4
 16 % $287,800
 $283,800
 1 %
Midwest 1,372 922 49 % 491.2
 365.0
 35 % 358,000
 395,900
 (10)%
Southeast 8,310 7,679 8 % 2,209.5
 2,029.7
 9 % 265,900
 264,300
 1 %
South Central 7,420 6,814 9 % 1,859.3
 1,721.6
 8 % 250,600
 252,700
 (1)%
Southwest 1,242 1,405 (12)% 316.8
 324.6
 (2)% 255,100
 231,000
 10 %
West 3,287 3,330 (1)% 1,550.5
 1,587.3
 (2)% 471,700
 476,700
 (1)%
  24,980 23,069 8 % $7,391.2
 $6,856.6
 8 % $295,900
 $297,200
  %


Home Sales Revenue


Revenues from home sales increased 8%10% to $4.0$4.4 billion (13,480(14,539 homes closed) for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 from $3.7$4.0 billion (12,281(13,480 homes closed) in the prior year period. Revenues from home sales increased 8%11% to $7.4$8.2 billion (24,980(27,498 homes closed) for the six months ended March 31, 20192020 from $6.9$7.4 billion (23,069(24,980 homes closed) in the prior year period. Home sales revenues increased in mostall of our regions primarily due to an increase in the number of homes closed.closed, as well as an increase in the average selling price of homes in our Southwest region.


The number of homes closed increased 10%8% and 8%10% in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods. The markets contributing most to the increases in closing volumes in our Eastregions were as follows: the New Jersey and Midwest regions reflect our recent acquisitions of the homebuilding operations of Terramor Homes, Westport Homes and Classic Builders, which added 68 and 88 closings to the East region’s results and 198 and 379 closings to the Midwest region's resultsCarolina markets in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively. The decreases in home closings in our Southwest and West regions were primarily due to decreases in homes closed in our Phoenix and CaliforniaEast; the Indiana markets respectively. The average selling price of homes closed during the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 was $295,300 and $295,900, respectively, down slightly from the prior year periods. Decreases in the average selling price of homes closedMidwest; the Florida markets in the Midwest region were largely offset by an increaseSoutheast; the Houston market in the average selling priceSouth Central; the Tucson market in the Southwest region.Southwest; and the Portland and Washington markets in the West.




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Homebuilding Operating Margin Analysis
 Percentages of Related Revenues
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
Six Months Ended
March 31,
 2020201920202019
Gross profit – home sales21.3 %19.3 %21.1 %19.6 %
Gross profit – land/lot sales and other27.1 %37.6 %29.8 %33.2 %
Inventory and land option charges(0.2)%(0.3)%(0.2)%(0.3)%
Gross profit – total homebuilding21.1 %19.0 %21.0 %19.3 %
Selling, general and administrative expense8.3 %9.0 %8.7 %9.2 %
Other (income) expense(0.1)%— %(0.1)%— %
Homebuilding pre-tax income12.9 %10.0 %12.4 %10.2 %

Homebuilding Operating Margin Analysis
  Percentages of Related Revenues
  Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 Six Months Ended 
 March 31,
  2019 2018 2019 2018
Gross profit – home sales 19.3 % 20.8 % 19.6 % 20.8 %
Gross profit – land/lot sales and other 37.6 % 11.8 % 33.2 % 13.4 %
Inventory and land option charges (0.3)% (0.8)% (0.3)% (0.5)%
Gross profit – total homebuilding 19.0 % 20.0 % 19.3 % 20.3 %
Selling, general and administrative expense 9.0 % 8.8 % 9.2 % 9.1 %
Gain on sale of assets  %  %  % (0.2)%
Other (income) expense  % (0.1)%  %  %
Homebuilding pre-tax income 10.0 % 11.3 % 10.2 % 11.4 %


Home Sales Gross Profit


Gross profit from home sales was $766.3increased to $927.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $764.62020 from $766.3 million in the prior year period and decreased 150increased 200 basis points to 19.3%21.3% as a percentage of home sales revenues. The percentage decreaseincrease resulted from a decreaseimprovements of 180 basis points due to a decrease in the average cost of our homes closed while the average selling price of our homes closed decreasing while the average cost increased andslightly, 10 basis points from an increasea decrease in the amount of purchase accounting adjustments for recentrelated to prior year acquisitions partially offset byand 10 basis points due to a decrease of 20 basis points in the amortization of capitalized interest and 20 basis points from warranty and construction defect expenses.interest.


Gross profit from home sales increased 1%to $1.7 billion in the six months ended March 31, 20192020 from $1.4 billion in the prior year period and decreased 120increased 150 basis points to 19.6%21.1% as a percentage of home sales revenues. The percentage decreaseincrease resulted from a decreaseimprovements of 150140 basis points due to a decrease in the average cost of our homes closed increasing while the average selling price decreased andincreased slightly, 10 basis points from an increasea decrease in the amount of purchase accounting adjustments for recentrelated to prior year acquisitions partially offset byand 10 basis points due to a decrease of 20 basis points in the amortization of capitalized interest, and 20partially offset by a 10 basis points frompoint decrease due to increased warranty and construction defect expenses.costs.


We remain focused on managing the pricing, incentives and sales pace in each of our communities during this uncertain environment to optimize the returns on our inventory investments and adjust to local market conditions and new home demand. These actions could cause our gross profit margins to fluctuate in future periods. If an economic recession and a decline in new home demand occur due to COVID-19, we would expect our gross profit margins to decline from current levels.


LandLand/Lot Sales and Other Revenues


LandLand/lot sales and other revenues from our homebuilding operations were $14.9$15.5 million and $21.7$35.2 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, and $13.6$14.9 million and $50.0$21.7 million in the comparable periods of fiscal 2018. Land sales revenues during the six months ended March 31, 2018 included $26.5 million from the sale of a parcel of land in California.2019. We continually evaluate our land and lot supply, and fluctuations in revenues and profitability from land sales occur based on how we manage our inventory levels in various markets. We generally purchase land and lots with the intent to build and sell homes on them. However, some of the land that we purchase includes commercially zoned parcels that we may sell to commercial developers. We may also sell residential lots or land parcels to manage our supply or for other strategic reasons. As of March 31, 2019,2020, our homebuilding operations had $49.0$26.1 million of land held for sale that we expect to sell in the next twelve months.



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Inventory and Land Option Charges


At March 31, 2019,the end of each quarter, we reviewedreview the performance and outlook for all of our communities and land inventories for indicators of potential impairment and performedperform detailed impairment evaluations and analyses when necessary. WeAt March 31, 2020, we performed detailed impairment evaluations of communities and land inventories with a combined carrying value of $95.5$47.6 million and recorded impairment charges of $7.7$1.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 20192020 to reduce the carrying value of impaired communitiesland to fair value. During the six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, impairment charges totaled $11.9$1.7 million. There were $3.0$7.7 million and $4.4$11.9 million of impairment charges recorded in the three and six months ended March 31, 2018,2019, respectively.


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As we manage our inventory investments across our operating markets to optimize returns and cash flows, we may modify our pricing and incentives, construction and development plans or land sale strategies in individual active communities and land held for development, which could result in the affected communities being evaluated for potential impairment. Also, ifThere is uncertainty regarding the extent to which and how long COVID-19 will disrupt our operations. If the housing market or economic conditions weaken in specific markets in which we operate,are adversely affected for a prolonged period due to COVID-19 or if conditions weaken in the broader economy or homebuilding industry,otherwise, we may be required to evaluate additional communities for potential impairment. These evaluations could result in additional impairment charges.charges which could be significant.


During the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, we wrote off $6.1 million and $9.9 million, respectively, of2020, earnest money deposits and pre-acquisition costscost write-offs related to land purchase contracts that we have terminated or expect to terminate. Earnest money and pre-acquisition cost write-offs for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018terminate were $2.6$7.1 million and $4.9$10.7 million, respectively. Inventoryrespectively, compared to $6.1 million and land option charges for$9.9 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 also included a chargesame periods of $24.5 million related to the settlement of an outstanding dispute associated with a land transaction.fiscal 2019.


Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A) Expense


SG&A expense from homebuilding activities increased 11%1% to $359.3$361.8 million and 9%5% to $683.9$720.2 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, from $322.7$359.3 million and $627.5$683.9 million in the prior year periods. SG&A expense as a percentage of homebuilding revenues was 9.0%8.3% and 9.2%8.7% in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to 8.8%9.0% and 9.1%9.2% in the prior year periods.


Employee compensation and related costs represented 73% and 72% of SG&A costs in both the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively,2020 compared to 73% and 71%72% in the prior year periods. These costs increased 11%1% to $262.8$265.7 million and 9%8% to $489.1$527.7 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, due to increases in the number of employees as compared to the prior year periods.2020, respectively. Our homebuilding operations employed 6,9046,987 and 6,1276,904 employees at March 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, respectively.


We attempt to control our SG&A costs while ensuring that our infrastructure adequately supports our operations; however, we cannot make assurances that we will be able to maintain or improve upon the current SG&A expense as a percentage of revenues.


Interest Incurred


We capitalize interest costs incurred to inventory during active development and construction (active inventory). Capitalized interest is charged to cost of sales as the related inventory is delivered to the buyer. Interest incurred by our homebuilding operations increased 9%decreased 25% to $30.5$22.9 million and 1%18% to $57.6$47.2 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared tofrom $30.5 million and $57.6 million in the prior year periods. The increases corresponddecreases were due to increasesdecreases of 17% and 11%, respectively, in our average homebuilding debt of 7% and 1%, respectively.lower average interest rates on our homebuilding debt during the periods. Interest charged to cost of sales was 0.9%0.8% of total cost of sales (excluding inventory and land option charges) in both the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020 compared to 1.1%0.9% in both prior year periods.

Gain on Sale of Assets

Gain on sale of assets from our homebuilding operations was $2.0 million in the six months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $13.4 million in the prior year period. The gain on sale during both periods resulted from the sale of multi-family rental units in our Southeast region.



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Other Income


Other income, net of other expenses, included in our homebuilding operations was $1.6$4.1 million and $3.5$9.6 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to $2.6$1.6 million and $3.4$3.5 million in the prior year periods. Other income consists of interest income, rental income and various other types of ancillary income, gains, expenses and losses not directly associated with sales of homes, land and lots. The activities that result in this ancillary income or expense are not significant, either individually or in the aggregate.

Business Acquisitions

During the first quarter of fiscal 2019, we acquired the homebuilding operations of Westport Homes, Classic Builders and Terramor Homes for $325.9 million. The assets acquired included approximately 700 homes in inventory, 4,500 lots and control of approximately 4,300 additional lots through land purchase contracts. We also acquired a sales order backlog of approximately 700 homes. Westport Homes operates in Indianapolis and Fort Wayne, Indiana, and Columbus, Ohio; Classic Builders operates in Des Moines, Iowa; and Terramor Homes operates in Raleigh, North Carolina.





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Homebuilding Results by Reporting Region
 
 Three Months Ended March 31, Three Months Ended March 31,
 2019 2018 20202019
 
Homebuilding
Revenues
 
Homebuilding
Pre-tax
Income (1)
 
% of
Revenues
 
Homebuilding
Revenues
 
Homebuilding
Pre-tax
Income (1)
 
% of
Revenues
Homebuilding
Revenues
Homebuilding
Pre-tax
Income (1)
% of
Revenues
Homebuilding
Revenues
Homebuilding
Pre-tax
Income (1)
% of
Revenues
 (In millions) (In millions)
East $518.2
 $45.9
 8.9% $435.8
 $46.7
 10.7%East$579.7  $73.3  12.6 %$518.2  $45.9  8.9 %
Midwest 248.1
 9.5
 3.8% 203.6
 18.7
 9.2%Midwest308.7  23.6  7.6 %248.1  9.5  3.8 %
Southeast 1,205.3
 131.0
 10.9% 1,042.0
 96.3
 9.2%Southeast1,316.7  187.8  14.3 %1,205.3  131.0  10.9 %
South Central 990.2
 119.3
 12.0% 919.0
 120.5
 13.1%South Central1,066.4  156.2  14.6 %990.2  119.3  12.0 %
Southwest 173.2
 18.6
 10.7% 172.1
 22.0
 12.8%Southwest199.7  30.8  15.4 %173.2  18.6  10.7 %
West 860.4
 76.1
 8.8% 913.2
 111.8
 12.2%West907.6  93.8  10.3 %860.4  76.1  8.8 %
 $3,995.4
 $400.4
 10.0% $3,685.7
 $416.0
 11.3%$4,378.8  $565.5  12.9 %$3,995.4  $400.4  10.0 %
            
 Six Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31,
 2019 2018 20202019
 
Homebuilding
Revenues
 
Homebuilding
Pre-tax
Income (1)
 
% of
Revenues
 
Homebuilding
Revenues
 
Homebuilding
Pre-tax
Income (1)
 
% of
Revenues
Homebuilding
Revenues
Homebuilding
Pre-tax
Income (1)
% of
Revenues
Homebuilding
Revenues
Homebuilding
Pre-tax
Income (1)
% of
Revenues
 (In millions) (In millions)
East $965.7
 $83.9
 8.7% $828.9
 $91.7
 11.1%East$1,100.2  $133.2  12.1 %$965.7  $83.9  8.7 %
Midwest 497.2
 20.2
 4.1% 365.0
 32.0
 8.8%Midwest591.3  42.3  7.2 %497.2  20.2  4.1 %
Southeast 2,219.2
 243.2
 11.0% 2,030.6
 218.8
 10.8%Southeast2,467.3  333.9  13.5 %2,219.2  243.2  11.0 %
South Central 1,862.7
 225.3
 12.1% 1,727.8
 222.0
 12.8%South Central2,025.1  288.9  14.3 %1,862.7  225.3  12.1 %
Southwest 316.9
 36.3
 11.5% 328.5
 36.7
 11.2%Southwest410.7  65.3  15.9 %316.9  36.3  11.5 %
West 1,551.2
 145.9
 9.4% 1,625.8
 188.6
 11.6%West1,667.2  163.5  9.8 %1,551.2  145.9  9.4 %
 $7,412.9
 $754.8
 10.2% $6,906.6
 $789.8
 11.4%$8,261.8  $1,027.1  12.4 %$7,412.9  $754.8  10.2 %
______________
(1)Expenses maintained at the corporate level consist primarily of interest and property taxes, which are capitalized and amortized to cost of sales or expensed directly, and the expenses related to operating our corporate office. The amortization of capitalized interest and property taxes is allocated to each segment based on the segment’s cost of sales, while expenses associated with the corporate office are allocated to each segment based on the segment’s inventory balances.


(1)Expenses maintained at the corporate level consist primarily of interest and property taxes, which are capitalized and amortized to cost of sales or expensed directly, and the expenses related to operating our corporate office. The amortization of capitalized interest and property taxes is allocated to each segment based on the segment’s cost of sales, while expenses associated with the corporate office are allocated to each segment based on the segment’s inventory balances.


East Region — Homebuilding revenues increased 19%12% and 17%14% in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to increases in the number of homes closed in our New Jersey and Carolina markets. The acquisition of Terramor Homes in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 contributed $23.0 million and $30.1 million of revenues in the current year three and six month periods, respectively. The region generated pre-tax income of $45.9$73.3 million and $83.9$133.2 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to $46.7$45.9 million and $91.7$83.9 million in the prior year periods. Gross profit from home sales as a percentage of home sales revenue (home sales gross profit percentage) increased by 270 basis points in both the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the prior year periods, due to decreases in the average cost of homes closed while the average selling price of those homes increased slightly. As a percentage of homebuilding revenues, SG&A expenses decreased by 19090 and 24050 basis points in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to increasesthe increase in the average cost of homes closed. As a percentage of homebuilding revenues, SG&A expense was unchanged in the three month period and decreased by 10 basis points in the six month period ended March 31, 2019 compared to the prior year periods.revenues.






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Midwest Region — Homebuilding revenues increased 22%24% and 36%19% in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods. The increases were largelyperiods, primarily due to the acquisitions of Westport Homes and Classic Buildersan increase in the first quarternumber of fiscal 2019 which contributed $57.0 millionhomes closed in our Indiana and $108.7 million of revenues in the current year three and six month periods, respectively.Denver markets. The region generated pre-tax income of $9.5$23.6 million and $20.2$42.3 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to $18.7$9.5 million and $32.0$20.2 million in the prior year periods. Home sales gross profit percentage decreasedincreased by 400260 and 480300 basis points in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods. Theperiods, largely due to decreases in home sales gross profit percentage were duepurchase accounting adjustments related to the average selling pricefiscal 2019 acquisitions of homes closed decreasing by more than the average cost.Westport Homes and Classic Builders. As a percentage of homebuilding revenues, SG&A expense increasedexpenses decreased by 150140 basis points in the three month period, primarily due to the increase in homebuilding revenues, and decreasedit increased by 10 basis points in the six month period, primarily due to increased employee compensation in the first quarter of fiscal 2020.

Southeast Region — Homebuilding revenues increased 9% and 11% in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively. The increase in the three month period was primarily due to an increase in employee compensation and other costs related to the recent acquisitions.

Southeast Region — Homebuilding revenues increased 16% and 9% in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to increases in manythe number of homes closed in our Florida markets. The region generated pre-tax income of $131.0$187.8 million and $243.2$333.9 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to $96.3$131.0 million and $218.8$243.2 million in the prior year periods. The region’s results in both prior year periods include a $24.5 million inventory and land option charge related to the settlement of an outstanding dispute associated with a land transaction. The region’s pre-tax income in the prior year six month period included a $13.4 million gain on sale of multi-family rental units in one community. Home sales gross profit percentage increased by 290 and 220 basis points in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to increases in the average selling price of homes closed while the average cost of those homes decreased slightly. As a percentage of homebuilding revenues, SG&A expenses decreased by 8040 and 30 basis points in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods. As a percentage ofperiods, primarily due to the increase in homebuilding revenues.

South Central Region — Homebuilding revenues SG&A expense decreased by 20 basis pointsincreased 8% and increased by 10 basis points9% in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods.

South Central Region — Homebuilding revenues increased 8% in both the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to increases in the number of homes closed in our Houston and Fort Worth markets.market. The region generated pre-tax income of $119.3$156.2 million and $225.3$288.9 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to $120.5$119.3 million and $222.0$225.3 million in the prior year periods. Home sales gross profit percentage increased by 240 and 200 basis points in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to increases in the average selling price of homes closed while the average cost of those homes decreased slightly. As a percentage of homebuilding revenues, SG&A expenses decreased by 70 and 40 basis points in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to the increase in homebuilding revenues.

Southwest Region — Homebuilding revenues increased 15% and 30% in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to increases in the average selling price of homes closed in all markets and an increase in the number of homes closed in our Tucson market. The region generated pre-tax income of $30.8 million and $65.3 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, compared to $18.6 million and $36.3 million in the prior year periods. Home sales gross profit percentage increased by 350 and 270 basis points in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to the average selling price of homes closed increasing by more than the average cost. As a percentage of homebuilding revenues, SG&A expenses decreased by 110 and 160 basis points in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to the significant increase in homebuilding revenues.

West Region — Homebuilding revenues increased 5% and 7% in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods, due to increases in the number of homes closed in most markets, partially offset by a decrease in the average selling price of homes closed. The region generated pre-tax income of $93.8 million and $163.5 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, compared to $76.1 million and $145.9 million in the prior year periods. Home sales gross profit percentage decreased by 13050 and 120130 basis points in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, compared to the prior year periods, due to the average selling price of homes closed decreasing while the average cost increased slightly. As a percentage of homebuilding revenues, SG&A expense decreased by 10 and 20 basis points in the three and six month period ended March 31, 2019, respectively, compared to the prior year periods.

Southwest Region — Homebuilding revenues increased 1% and decreased 4% in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, compared to the prior year periods. In both periods, the number of homes closed in the region decreased, particularly in our Phoenix market, while the average selling price of homes closed increased. The region generated pre-tax income of $18.6 million and $36.3 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, compared to $22.0 million and $36.7 million in the prior year periods. Home sales gross profit percentage decreased by 220 basis points and increased by 20 basis points in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, compared to the prior year periods. The gross profit percentage in the current year three month period was negatively affected by an increase in warranty and construction defect costs. As a percentage of homebuilding revenues, SG&A expense increased by 30 and 40 basis points in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, compared to the prior year periods.

West Region — Homebuilding revenues decreased 6% and 5% in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, compared to the prior year periods. The decrease in the three month period was due to a decrease in the number of homes closed, particularly in our California markets. The decrease in the six month period was primarily due to land sales of $38.6 million in the prior year period compared to $0.3 million in the current year period. The region generated pre-tax income of $76.1 million and $145.9 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, compared to $111.8 million and $188.6 million in the prior year periods. Home sales gross profit percentage decreased by 180 and 90 basis points in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, compared to the prior year periods, due to the average cost of homes increasing more than the average selling price. As a percentage of homebuilding revenues, SG&A expense increased by 80 and 70 basis points in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to the average selling price decreasing by more than the average cost of the homes closed. As a decreasepercentage of homebuilding revenues, SG&A expenses decreased by 90 basis points in both the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to the increase in homebuilding revenues.



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HOMEBUILDING INVENTORIES, LAND AND LOT POSITION AND HOMES IN INVENTORY


We routinely enter into contracts to purchase land or developed residential lots at predetermined prices on a defined schedule commensurate with planned development or anticipated new home demand. We alsoAt the time of purchase, the undeveloped land thatis generally is vested with the rights to begin development or construction work, and we plan and coordinate the development of our land into residential lots for use in our homebuilding business. We manage our inventory of owned land and lots and homes under construction relative to demand in each of our markets, including starting construction on unsold homes to capture new home demand and actively controlling the number of unsold, completed homes in inventory.


Our homebuilding segment’s inventories at March 31, 20192020 and September 30, 20182019 are summarized as follows:


 As of March 31, 2020
Construction in Progress and
Finished Homes
Residential Land/Lots
Developed and Under
Development
Land Held
for Development
Land Held
for Sale
Total Inventory
(In millions)
East  $778.9  $545.5  $5.4  $—  $1,329.8  
Midwest  487.2  411.8  3.4  0.8  903.2  
Southeast  1,648.6  1,285.8  32.0  1.7  2,968.1  
South Central  1,461.3  1,382.3  0.3  1.5  2,845.4  
Southwest  233.9  396.1  1.6  2.2  633.8  
West  1,266.7  882.3  5.5  19.6  2,174.1  
Corporate and unallocated (1) 127.2  105.8  0.7  0.3  234.0  
   $6,003.8  $5,009.6  $48.9  $26.1  $11,088.4  
 As of March 31, 2019

Construction in Progress and
Finished Homes
 
Residential Land/Lots
Developed and Under
Development
 
Land Held
for Development
 
Land Held
for Sale
 Total Inventory

(In millions)
East$829.2
 $512.5
 $10.3
 $2.4
 $1,354.4
Midwest444.6
 370.6
 1.8
 0.7
 817.7
Southeast1,603.8
 1,213.6
 31.8
 2.9
 2,852.1
South Central1,447.9
 1,272.4
 0.3
 
 2,720.6
Southwest251.6
 374.8
 1.7
 
 628.1
West1,378.8
 1,030.1
 15.6
 42.4
 2,466.9
Corporate and unallocated (1)130.2
 105.4
 0.8
 0.6
 237.0
 $6,086.1
 $4,879.4
 $62.3
 $49.0
 $11,076.8


As of September 30, 2018As of September 30, 2019
Construction in Progress and
Finished Homes
 
Residential Land/Lots
Developed and Under
Development
 
Land Held
for Development
 
Land Held
for Sale
 Total InventoryConstruction in Progress and
Finished Homes
Residential Land/Lots
Developed and Under
Development
Land Held
for Development
Land Held
for Sale
Total Inventory
(In millions)(In millions)
East$648.6
 $529.5
 $10.1
 $3.8
 $1,192.0
East  $697.1  $581.2  $10.5  $—  $1,288.8  
Midwest369.9
 208.0
 1.8
 3.4
 583.1
Midwest  473.9  361.1  1.8  —  836.8  
Southeast1,388.4
 1,248.5
 31.5
 0.3
 2,668.7
Southeast  1,434.7  1,299.9  31.8  1.6  2,768.0  
South Central1,222.5
 1,216.3
 0.3
 0.3
 2,439.4
South Central  1,215.4  1,317.5  0.3  —  2,533.2  
Southwest194.8
 303.2
 1.7
 
 499.7
Southwest  221.8  335.6  1.6  15.4  574.4  
West1,146.5
 1,076.1
 14.4
 31.5
 2,268.5
West  1,089.0  950.6  13.9  2.5  2,056.0  
Corporate and unallocated (1)113.7
 107.7
 1.4
 0.9
 223.7
Corporate and unallocated (1) 117.1  110.2  0.8  0.3  228.4  
$5,084.4
 $4,689.3
 $61.2
 $40.2
 $9,875.1
 $5,249.0  $4,956.1  $60.7  $19.8  $10,285.6  
__________

(1)Corporate and unallocated inventory consists primarily of capitalized interest and property taxes.



(1)Corporate and unallocated inventory consists primarily of capitalized interest and property taxes.





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Our homebuilding segment’s land and lot position and homes in inventory at March 31, 20192020 and September 30, 20182019 are summarized as follows:
 As of March 31, 2020
 Land/Lots
Owned (1)
Lots Controlled
Under
Land and Lot
Purchase
Contracts (2)(3)
Total
Land/Lots
Owned and
Controlled
Homes
in
Inventory (4)
East9,60037,10046,7004,600
Midwest8,00015,00023,0002,300
Southeast32,20081,500113,70010,300
South Central43,50055,10098,60010,200
Southwest7,3006,70014,0001,500
West18,10015,20033,3004,500
118,700210,600329,30033,400
36 %64 %100 %
 As of March 31, 2019
 
Land/Lots
Owned (1)
 
Lots Controlled
Under
Land and Lot
Purchase
Contracts (2)(3)
 
Total
Land/Lots
Owned and
Controlled
 
Homes
in
Inventory (4)
East9,800
 25,800
 35,600
 4,700
Midwest7,300
 14,300
 21,600
 2,100
Southeast34,600
 84,800
 119,400
 9,700
South Central42,200
 50,900
 93,100
 9,400
Southwest6,700
 6,200
 12,900
 1,700
West20,300
 13,500
 33,800
 4,500
 120,900
 195,500
 316,400
 32,100
 38% 62% 100%  


As of September 30, 2018As of September 30, 2019
Land/Lots
Owned (1)
 
Lots Controlled
Under
Land and Lot
Purchase
Contracts (2)(3)
 
Total
Land/Lots
Owned and
Controlled
 
Homes
in
Inventory (4)
Land/Lots
Owned (1)
Lots Controlled
Under
Land and Lot
Purchase
Contracts (2)(3)
Total
Land/Lots
Owned and
Controlled
Homes
in
Inventory (4)
East11,900
 19,400
 31,300
 3,700East11,00030,50041,5003,900
Midwest3,800
 9,300
 13,100
 1,700Midwest8,30010,90019,2002,200
Southeast37,100
 70,400
 107,500
 8,900Southeast34,80073,300108,1008,900
South Central42,900
 45,700
 88,600
 8,400South Central41,60051,40093,0007,900
Southwest7,600
 5,000
 12,600
 1,400Southwest6,7005,80012,5001,300
West21,000
 14,400
 35,400
 3,800West19,00014,00033,0003,500
124,300
 164,200
 288,500
 27,900121,400185,900307,30027,700
43% 57% 100% 40 %60 %100 %
___________________


(1)Land/lots owned include approximately 34,900 and 35,100 owned lots that are fully developed and ready for home construction at March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively. Land/lots owned also include land held for development representing 1,800 and 1,700 lots at March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively.
(2)The total remaining purchase price of lots controlled through land and lot purchase contracts at March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018 was $7.4 billion and $6.5 billion, respectively, secured by earnest money deposits of $461.0 million and $401.1 million, respectively. The total remaining purchase price of lots controlled at March 31, 2019 included $895.8 million related to lot purchase contracts with Forestar, secured by $76.5 million of earnest money. The total remaining purchase price of lots controlled at September 30, 2018 included $522.2 million related to lot purchase contracts with Forestar, secured by $48.0 million of earnest money.
(3)Lots controlled at March 31, 2019 include approximately 21,700 lots owned or controlled by Forestar, 12,100 of which our homebuilding divisions have under contract to purchase and 9,600 of which our homebuilding divisions have a right of first offer to purchase. Of these, approximately 7,600 lots were in our Southeast region, 4,600 lots were in our South Central region, 4,200 lots were in our West region, 2,300 lots were in our East region, 2,200 lots were in our Southwest region and 800 lots were in our Midwest region. Lots controlled at September 30, 2018 included approximately 13,600 lots owned or controlled by Forestar, 5,500 of which our homebuilding divisions had under contract to purchase and 8,100 of which our homebuilding divisions had a right of first offer to purchase.
(4)Approximately 17,800 and 16,400 of our homes in inventory were unsold at March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively. At March 31, 2019, approximately 5,300 of our unsold homes were completed, of which approximately 500 homes had been completed for more than six months. At September 30, 2018, approximately 4,000 of our unsold homes were completed, of which approximately 400 homes had been completed for more than six months. Homes in inventory exclude approximately 1,900 and 1,800 model homes at March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively.

(1)Land/lots owned include approximately 38,000 and 36,100 owned lots that are fully developed and ready for home construction at March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. Land/lots owned also include land held for development representing 1,700 lots at both March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019.
(2)The total remaining purchase price of lots controlled through land and lot purchase contracts at March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019 was $8.1 billion and $7.2 billion, respectively, secured by earnest money deposits of $566.5 million and $515.4 million, respectively. The total remaining purchase price of lots controlled through land and lot purchase contracts at March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019 included $1.0 billion and $953.8 million, respectively, related to lot purchase contracts with Forestar, secured by $99.3 million and $88.7 million, respectively, of earnest money.
(3)Lots controlled at March 31, 2020 include approximately 28,600 lots owned or controlled by Forestar, 14,200 of which our homebuilding divisions have under contract to purchase and 14,400 of which our homebuilding divisions have a right of first offer to purchase. Of these, approximately 11,000 lots were in our Southeast region, 5,600 lots were in our South Central region, 4,800 lots were in our West region, 2,900 lots were in our Southwest region, 2,800 lots were in our East region and 1,500 lots were in our Midwest region. Lots controlled at September 30, 2019 included approximately 23,400 lots owned or controlled by Forestar, 12,800 of which our homebuilding divisions had under contract to purchase and 10,600 of which our homebuilding divisions had a right of first offer to purchase.
(4)Approximately 16,700 and 16,000 of our homes in inventory were unsold at March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. At March 31, 2020, approximately 4,700 of our unsold homes were completed, of which approximately 600 homes had been completed for more than six months. At September 30, 2019, approximately 5,200 of our unsold homes were completed, of which approximately 800 homes had been completed for more than six months. Homes in inventory exclude approximately 1,900 model homes at both March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019.


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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – FORESTAR


OnIn October 5, 2017, we acquired 75% of the outstanding shares of Forestar, and as of March 31, 2020 we owned 65% of its outstanding shares. Forestar is a publicly traded residential lot development company with operations in 4150 markets and 17across 21 states as of March 31, 2019.2020. Forestar’s segment results are presented on their historical cost basis, consistent with the manner in which management evaluates segment performance. (See Note B for additional Forestar segment information and purchase accounting adjustments.)


Results of operations for the Forestar segment for the three and six months ended March 31, 20192020 and 20182019 were as follows. For fiscal 2018, the six month period refers to the period from the acquisition date of October 5, 2017 through
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Six Months Ended
March 31,
2020201920202019
(In millions)
Residential land and lot sales$156.4  $49.4  $403.5  $84.0  
Commercial tract sales2.5  15.0  2.5  18.5  
Other0.2  1.0  0.4  1.3  
     Total revenues$159.1  $65.4  $406.4  $103.8  
Cost of sales136.6  43.7  353.2  74.3  
Selling, general and administrative expense11.2  6.2  21.7  11.9  
Gain on sale of assets(0.3) —  (0.1) (0.9) 
Other (income) expense(2.1) (0.9) (4.2) (2.8) 
     Income before income taxes$13.7  $16.4  $35.8  $21.3  

At March 31, 2018.2020, Forestar owned directly or controlled through land and lot purchase contracts approximately 52,300 residential lots, of which approximately 4,400 are fully developed. Approximately 28,600 of these lots are under contract to sell to D.R. Horton or subject to a right of first offer under the master supply agreement with D.R. Horton. Approximately 200 of these lots are under contract to sell to other builders.

 Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 Six Months Ended 
 March 31, 2019
 For the Period from 
 October 5, 2017 to 
 March 31, 2018
 2019 2018  
 (In millions)
Residential land and lot sales$50.4
 $20.6
 $85.3
 $44.4
Commercial lot sales15.0
 2.0
 18.5
 9.1
     Total revenues$65.4
 $22.6
 $103.8
 $53.5
Cost of sales43.7
 16.2
 74.3
 35.5
Selling, general and administrative expense6.2
 5.6
 11.9
 19.1
Gain on sale of assets
 (2.7) (0.9) (2.7)
Interest expense
 2.1
 
 4.2
Other (income) expense(0.9) (3.2) (2.8) (11.3)
     Income before income taxes$16.4
 $4.6
 $21.3
 $8.7


Residential land and lot sales primarily consist of the sale of single-family lots to local, regional and national homebuilders. During the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, ForestarForestar’s land and lot sales, including the portion sold to D.R. Horton and the revenues generated from those sales, were as follows.
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Six Months Ended
March 31,
2020201920202019
($ in millions)
Total residential single-family lots sold1,951  548  4,373  1,066  
Residential single-family lots sold to D.R. Horton1,906  453  4,296  908  
Residential lot sales revenues from sales to D.R. Horton$151.9  $39.7  $366.0  $68.7  
Residential tract acres sold to D.R. Horton—  —  36  —  
Residential land sales revenues from sales to D.R. Horton$—  $—  $7.2  $—  
 Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 Six Months Ended 
 March 31, 2019
 For the Period from 
 October 5, 2017 to 
 March 31, 2018
 2019 2018  
 ($ in millions)
Total residential single-family lots sold548
 304
 1,066
 559
Residential single-family lots sold to D.R. Horton453
 183
 908
 183
Residential land and lot sales revenues from sales to D.R. Horton$39.7
 $8.5
 $68.7
 $8.5


SG&A expense for the three and six months ended March 31, 20192020 includes charges of $0.5$1.3 million and $1.0$2.6 million, respectively, related to the shared services agreement between Forestar and D.R. Horton whereby D.R. Horton provides Forestar with certain administrative, compliance, operational and procurement services. Shared services charges were $0.3$0.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively, in boththe same periods of fiscal 2018. SG&A expense for the six month period ended March 31, 2018 includes $6.3 million of severance and change of control charges for Forestar’s executive officers that were triggered shortly after the acquisition date.2019.

Other income includes equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities of $0.6 million in the six months ended March 31, 2019 and $1.5 million and $9.1 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2018, respectively. The amount for the prior year six month period primarily relates to the sale of a multi-family joint venture project in Nashville, Tennessee.

At March 31, 2019, Forestar owned directly or controlled through land and lot purchase contracts approximately 31,400 residential lots, of which approximately 3,600 are fully developed. Approximately 21,700 of these lots are under contract to sell to D.R. Horton or subject to a right of first offer under the master supply agreement with D.R. Horton. Approximately 300 of these lots are under contract to sell to other builders.




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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – FINANCIAL SERVICES


The following tables and related discussion set forth key operating and financial data for our financial services operations, comprising DHI Mortgage and our subsidiary title companies, for the three and six months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018.2019.
 Three Months Ended March 31,Six Months Ended March 31,
 20202019% Change20202019% Change
Number of first-lien loans originated or brokered by DHI Mortgage for D.R. Horton homebuyers9,740  7,518  30 %18,141  13,762  32 %
Number of homes closed by D.R. Horton14,539  13,480  %27,498  24,980  10 %
Percentage of D.R. Horton homes financed by DHI Mortgage67 %56 %66 %55 %
Number of total loans originated or brokered by DHI Mortgage for D.R. Horton homebuyers9,792  7,536  30 %18,234  13,797  32 %
Total number of loans originated or brokered by DHI Mortgage10,029  7,662  31 %18,752  14,060  33 %
Captive business percentage98 %98 %97 %98 %
Loans sold by DHI Mortgage to third parties8,774  6,949  26 %17,519  13,996  25 %
  Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31,
  2019 2018 % Change 2019 2018 % Change
Number of first-lien loans originated or brokered by DHI Mortgage for D.R. Horton homebuyers 7,518
 7,046
 7% 13,762
 13,060
 5%
Number of homes closed by D.R. Horton 13,480
 12,281
 10% 24,980
 23,069
 8%
Percentage of D.R. Horton homes financed by DHI Mortgage 56% 57%   55% 57%  
Number of total loans originated or brokered by DHI Mortgage for D.R. Horton homebuyers 7,536
 7,081
 6% 13,797
 13,127
 5%
Total number of loans originated or brokered by DHI Mortgage 7,662
 7,278
 5% 14,060
 13,566
 4%
Captive business percentage 98% 97%   98% 97%  
Loans sold by DHI Mortgage to third parties 6,949
 6,758
 3% 13,996
 13,100
 7%


 Three Months Ended March 31,Six Months Ended March 31,
20202019% Change20202019% Change
 (In millions)
Loan origination fees$0.6  $3.5  (83)%$1.4  $6.8  (79)%
Sale of servicing rights and gains from sale of mortgage loans73.3  73.1  — %147.0  132.9  11 %
Other revenues7.0  5.2  35 %13.6  9.7  40 %
Total mortgage operations revenues80.9  81.8  (1)%162.0  149.4  %
Title policy premiums23.6  19.8  19 %45.4  37.5  21 %
Total revenues104.5  101.6  %207.4  186.9  11 %
General and administrative expense85.9  71.3  20 %163.8  137.0  20 %
Other (income) expense(6.1) (3.7) 65 %(11.6) (7.7) 51 %
Financial services pre-tax income$24.7  $34.0  (27)%$55.2  $57.6  (4)%

  Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31,
  2019 2018 % Change 2019 2018 % Change
  (In millions)
Loan origination fees $3.5
 $3.8
 (8)% $6.8
 $7.3
 (7)%
Sale of servicing rights and gains from sale of mortgage loans 73.1
 68.8
 6 % 132.9
 125.7
 6 %
Other revenues 5.2
 4.5
 16 % 9.7
 8.6
 13 %
Total mortgage operations revenues 81.8
 77.1
 6 % 149.4
 141.6
 6 %
Title policy premiums 19.8
 17.8
 11 % 37.5
 34.4
 9 %
Total revenues 101.6
 94.9
 7 % 186.9
 176.0
 6 %
General and administrative expense 71.3
 66.7
 7 % 137.0
 128.4
 7 %
Other (income) expense (3.7) (3.2) 16 % (7.7) (6.1) 26 %
Financial services pre-tax income $34.0
 $31.4
 8 % $57.6
 $53.7
 7 %

Financial Services Operating Margin Analysis
 Percentages of 
Financial Services Revenues
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
Six Months Ended
March 31,
 2020201920202019
General and administrative expense82.2 %70.2 %79.0 %73.3 %
Other (income) expense(5.8)%(3.6)%(5.6)%(4.1)%
Financial services pre-tax income23.6 %33.5 %26.6 %30.8 %


  
Percentages of 
Financial Services Revenues
  Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 Six Months Ended 
 March 31,
  2019 2018 2019 2018
General and administrative expense 70.2 % 70.3 % 73.3 % 73.0 %
Other (income) expense (3.6)% (3.4)% (4.1)% (3.5)%
Financial services pre-tax income 33.5 % 33.1 % 30.8 % 30.5 %
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Table of Contents



Mortgage Loan Activity


The volume of loans originated by our mortgage operations is directly related to the number of homes closed by our homebuilding operations. In the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, the volume of first-lien loans originated or brokered by DHI Mortgage for our homebuyers increased 7%30% and 5%32%, respectively, primarily as a result ofdue to increases in the number of homes closed by our homebuilding operations of 8% and 10% and 8%. Theincreases in the percentage of homes closed for which DHI Mortgage handled the homebuyers’ financing was 56%financing. These percentages were 67% and 55%66% in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to 57%56% and 55% in boththe prior year periods. Increases in the portion of home closings financed by DHI Mortgage were primarily due to the Company’s program to offer below market interest rates to D.R. Horton homebuyers, expanded coverage in certain markets and increased efficiencies resulting from technology advances.


Homes closed by our homebuilding operations constituted 98% and 97% of DHI Mortgage loan originations in both the three and six months ended March 31, 20192020, respectively, compared to 97%98% in both prior year periods. These percentages reflect DHI Mortgage’s consistent focus on the captive business provided by our homebuilding operations.


The number of loans sold increased 3%26% and 7%25% in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to the prior year periods. Virtually all of the mortgage loans held for sale on March 31, 20192020 were eligible for sale to the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) or the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae). Approximately 93%90% of the mortgage loans sold by DHI Mortgage during the six months ended March 31, 20192020 were sold to four major financial entities, the largest of which one entity purchased 32%33%. Due to the disruption in the secondary mortgage markets beginning in late March 2020 caused by COVID-19 and the uncertainty of the total loans sold.impact of the CARES Act, many financial entities have begun offering lower pricing and limiting their purchases of our mortgages and servicing rights. This could result in a greater concentration of our mortgage sales in future periods to fewer financial entities and directly to Fannie Mae or Ginnie Mae, and we may make other adjustments to our mortgage operations to adapt to changes in market conditions.


Financial Services Revenues and Expenses


Revenues from our mortgage operations increased 6%decreased 1% to $81.8$80.9 million and $149.4increased 8% to $162.0 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, from $77.1$81.8 million and $141.6$149.4 million in the prior year periods, while the number of loan originations increased 5%31% and 4%33% over those same periods. Revenues increased at a lower rate than origination volume due to lower pricing and resulting net gains on loan originations due to disruption in the secondary mortgage market caused by COVID-19 and the uncertainty of the impact of the CARES Act, which included changes to current forbearance options for government-backed loans designed to keep homeowners in their homes. Due to the uncertainty surrounding these forbearance options, servicing values declined rapidly at the end of March. The significant decline in servicing values resulted in lower net gains on loan originations during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the prior year period even as loan originations increased 31%.


General and administrative (G&A) expense related to our financial services operations increased 7%20% to $71.3$85.9 million and $137.0$163.8 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, from $66.7$71.3 million and $128.4$137.0 million in the prior year periods. The increases were primarily due to increases in employee related costs.costs to support a higher volume of transactions. Our financial services operations employed 1,9231,934 and 1,8621,923 employees at March 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, respectively.


As a percentage of financial services revenues, G&A expense was 70.2%82.2% and 73.3%79.0% in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to 70.3%70.2% and 73.0%73.3% in the prior year periods. Fluctuations in financial services G&A expense as a percentage of revenues can be expected to occur, as some components of revenue may fluctuate differently than loan volumes, and some expenses are not directly related to mortgage loan volume or to changes in the amount of revenue earned.


Other income, net of other expense, included in our financial services operations consists primarily of the interest income of our mortgage subsidiary.





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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - OTHER BUSINESSES


Through DHI Communities, a 100% owned subsidiary, we develop, construct and own multi-family residential properties that produce rental income. DHI Communities is primarily focused on constructing garden style multi-family products, which typically accommodate 200 to 400 dwelling units, in high growth suburban markets. After DHI Communities has completed construction and achieved a stabilized occupancy rate, the property is typically marketed for sale. We currently have three projects under active construction and one project that is substantially complete. In November 2019, DHI Communities sold a multi-family rental property for $61.5 million and recorded a gain on the sale of $31.2 million. In February 2020, DHI Communities sold a multi-family rental property for $67.0 million and recorded a gain on the sale of $28.2 million.


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - CONSOLIDATED


Income before Income Taxes


Pre-tax income for the three and six months ended March 31, 20192020 was $621.3 million and $1.1 billion, respectively, compared to $462.8 million and $838.5 million respectively, compared to $444.8 million and $836.1 million in the prior year periods. The increases were primarily due to increases in pre-tax income generated by our homebuilding operations as a result of higher revenues from increased home closings and an increase in home sales gross margin.


Income Taxes


Our income tax expense for the three and six months ended March 31, 20192020 was $137.3 million and $228.1 million, respectively, compared to $108.4 million and $197.4 million, respectively, compared to $94.0 million and $296.4 million in the prior year periods. Our effective tax rate was 23.4%22.1% and 23.5%19.9% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, respectively, compared to 21.1%23.4% and 35.5%23.5% in the prior year periods. The higher effective tax rate for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 was primarily due to2020 includes a tax benefit of $6.6 million and $39.5 million, respectively, from the remeasurement of our deferred tax assets and liabilities as a resultenactment of the Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act which was enacted into lawof 2019 (the Act). The Act retroactively reinstated the federal energy efficient homes tax credit that expired on December 22, 2017.31, 2017 to homes closed from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020. The effective tax rates for all periods include an expense for state income taxes, reduced by tax benefits related to stock-based compensation.

The Tax Act reduced the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% for all corporations effective January 1, 2018. For fiscal year companies, the change in law required the application of a blended tax rate in the year of change, which for us was 24.5% for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. For the fiscal year ending September 30, 2019 and thereafter, the applicable statutory federal tax rate is 21%. The Tax Act also repealed the domestic production activities deduction effective for us for fiscal 2019.


Our deferred tax assets, net of deferred tax liabilities, were $188.9$167.3 million at March 31, 20192020 compared to $211.7$181.8 million at September 30, 2018.2019. We have a valuation allowance of $17.8 million at March 31, 2020 and $18.7 million at September 30, 2019 related to state deferred tax assets for net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards of $17.0 million at March 31, 2019 and $17.7 million at September 30, 2018.that are more likely than not to expire before being realized. We will continue to evaluate both the positive and negative evidence in determining the need for a valuation allowance with respect to our remaining state NOL carryforwards. Any reversal of the valuation allowance in future periods will impact our effective tax rate.


The accounting for deferred taxes is based upon estimates of future results. Differences between the anticipated and actual outcomes of these future results could have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or financial position. Also, changes in existing federal and state tax laws and tax rates could affect future tax results and the valuation of our deferred tax assets.



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CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY


We have historically funded our operations with cash flows from operating activities, borrowings under bank credit facilities and the issuance of new debt securities. Our current levels of cash, borrowing capacity and balance sheet leverage provide us with the operational flexibility to adjust to the recent sudden, significant changes in marketeconomic conditions and allow us to increasethe current uncertainty in the housing market across the United States. Currently, we are cautiously managing our investments in homes finished lots,under construction and limiting land acquisition and land development to expandactivities as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential impact on our operations and grow our revenues and profitability.business.


At March 31, 2019,2020, our ratio of debt to total capital (notes payable divided by stockholders’ equity plus notes payable) was 27.9%29.2% compared to 26.3%25.3% at September 30, 20182019 and 28.3%27.9% at March 31, 2018.2019. Our ratio of homebuilding debt to total capital (homebuilding notes payable divided by stockholders’ equity plus homebuilding notes payable) was 22.9%19.2% compared to 21.4%17.0% at September 30, 20182019 and 24.2%22.9% at March 31, 2018.2019. Over the long term, we intend to maintain our ratio of homebuilding debt to total capital below 35%, and we expect it to remain significantly lower than 35% throughout fiscal 2019.2020. We believe that the ratio of homebuilding debt to total capital is useful in understanding the leverage employed in our homebuilding operations and comparing our capital structure with other homebuilders. We exclude the debt of Forestar and our financial services business because they are separately capitalized and not guaranteed by our parent company or any of our homebuilding entities.


We regularly assess our projected capital requirements to fund growth in our business, repay debt obligations, pay dividends, repurchase our common stock and support other general corporate and operational needs, and we regularly evaluate our opportunities to raise additional capital. D.R. Horton has an automatically effective universal shelf registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in August 2018, registering debt and equity securities that may be issued from time to time in amounts to be determined. Forestar also has an effective shelf registration statement filed with the SEC in September 2018, registering $500 million of equity securities.securities, of which $394.3 million remains available. As market conditions permit, we may issue new debt or equity securities through the capital markets or obtain additional bank financing to fund our projected capital requirements or provide additional liquidity. Due to the current economic uncertainties related to COVID-19 and the related disruption in the financial markets, we may be limited in accessing the capital markets or obtaining additional bank financing or the cost of accessing this financing could become more expensive. We believe that our existing cash resources, revolving credit facilities, mortgage repurchase facility and ability to access the capital markets or obtain additional bank financing will provide sufficient liquidity to fund our near-term working capital needs and debt obligations.


Capital Resources - Homebuilding


Cash and Cash Equivalents — At March 31, 2019,2020, cash and cash equivalents of our homebuilding segment totaled $557.3 million.$1.0 billion.


Bank Credit Facility — We have a $1.325$1.59 billion senior unsecured homebuilding revolving credit facility with an uncommitted accordion feature that could increase the size of the facility to $1.9$2.5 billion, subject to certain conditions and availability of additional bank commitments. The facility also provides for the issuance of letters of credit with a sublimit equal to approximately 50%100% of the revolving credit commitment. Letters of credit issued under the facility reduce the available borrowing capacity. The interest rate on borrowings under the revolving credit facility may be based on either the Prime Rate or London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus an applicable margin, as defined in the credit agreement governing the facility. The maturity date of the facility is September 25, 2023.October 2, 2024. Borrowings and repayments under the facility were $1.8 billion$800 million and $1.0 billion,$300 million, respectively, during the six months ended March 31, 2019.2020. At March 31, 2019,2020, there were $750$500 million of borrowings outstanding at a 3.7%1.7% annual interest rate and $128.0$116.3 million of letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility, resulting in available capacity of $447.0$973.7 million.


Our homebuilding revolving credit facility imposes restrictions on our operations and activities, including requiring the maintenance of a maximum allowable leverage ratio of debt to tangible net worth and a borrowing base restriction if our leverage ratio of debt to tangible net worth exceeds a certain level. These covenants are measured as defined in the credit agreement governing the facility and are reported to the lenders quarterly. A failure to comply with these financial covenants could allow the lending banks to terminate the availability of funds under the revolving credit facility or cause any outstanding borrowings to become due and payable prior to maturity. The credit agreement governing the facility imposes restrictions on the creation of secured debt and liens. At March 31, 2019,2020, we were in compliance with all of the covenants, limitations and restrictions of our homebuilding revolving credit facility.




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Public Unsecured Debt — We have $1.95 billion principal amount of homebuilding senior notes outstanding as of March 31, 20192020 that mature from FebruaryDecember 2020 through August 2023. On March 1,October 2024. In October 2019, we issued $500 million principal amount of 2.5% senior notes due October 15, 2024, with interest payable semi-annually. The annual effective interest rate of these notes after giving effect to the amortization of the discount and financing costs is 2.7%. In February 2020, we repaid $500 million principal amount of our 3.75%4.0% senior notes at maturity. The indentureindentures governing our senior notes imposesimpose restrictions on the creation of secured debt and liens. At March 31, 2019,2020, we were in compliance with all of the limitations and restrictions associated with our public debt obligations.


Repurchases of Common Stock — During the three and six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, we repurchased 2.04.0 million and 6.17.0 million shares, respectively, of our common stock for $75.6$197.3 million and $216.2 million.$360.4 million, respectively.


Debt and Equity Repurchase Authorizations — Effective August 1, 2018,July 30, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $500 million of debt securities and $400 million$1.0 billion of our common stock effective through September 30, 2019. Thestock. At March 31, 2020, the full amount of the debt repurchase authorization was remaining at March 31, 2019. Repurchasesand $535.3 million of common stock from August 1, 2018 through March 31, 2019 totaled $240.7 million, reducing the stockequity repurchase authorization to $159.3 million.was remaining. These authorizations have no expiration date.


Capital Resources - Forestar


At March 31, 2019, Forestar had cash and cash equivalents of $66.4 million. In August 2018, Forestar entered into a $380 million senior unsecured bank credit facility. In September 2018, Forestar filed an effective shelf registration statement with the SEC, registering $500 million of equity securities. Forestar’s ability to achieve its long-term growth objectives will depend on its ability to obtain financing in sufficient capacities. As market conditions permit, Forestar may issue new debt or equity securities through the capital markets or obtain additional bank financing to provide capital for future growth and additional liquidity. In April 2019,

Cash and Cash Equivalents — At March 31, 2020, Forestar raised capital through the issuancehad cash and cash equivalents of senior notes as discussed below.$438.2 million.


Bank Credit Facility — Forestar has a $380 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility with an uncommitted accordion feature that could increase the size of the facility to $570 million, subject to certain conditions and availability of additional bank commitments. The facility also provides for the issuance of letters of credit with a sublimit equal to the greater of $100 million and 50% of the revolving credit commitment. Borrowings under the revolving credit facility are subject to a borrowing base based on Forestar’s book value of its real estate assets and unrestricted cash. Letters of credit issued under the facility reduce the available borrowing capacity. At March 31, 2020, there were no borrowings outstanding and $31.0 million of letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility, resulting in available capacity of $349.0 million. The maturity date of the facility is August 16, 2021. The maturity date of the revolving credit facility mayOctober 2, 2022, which can be extended by up to one year on up to threetwo additional occasions, subject to the approval of lenders holding a majority of the commitments. At March 31, 2019, there were $35 million of borrowings outstanding at a 4.8% annual interest rate and $3.8 million of letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility.


The revolving credit facility includes customary affirmative and negative covenants, events of default and financial covenants. The financial covenants require Forestar to maintain a minimum level of tangible net worth, a minimum level of liquidity and a maximum allowable leverage ratio. These covenants are measured as defined in the credit agreement governing the facility and are reported to the lenders quarterly. A failure to comply with these financial covenants could allow the lending banks to terminate the availability of funds under the revolving credit facility or cause any outstanding borrowings to become due and payable prior to maturity. At March 31, 2019,

Unsecured Debt — In February 2020, Forestar was in compliance with all of the covenants, limitations and restrictions of its revolving credit facility.

Letter of Credit Facility — Forestar has a secured letter of credit agreement that requires it to deposit cash as collateral with the issuing bank. At March 31, 2019, letters of credit outstanding under the letter of credit facility totaled $15.0 million, secured by $15.7 million in cash, which is included in restricted cash in the consolidated balance sheet.

Unsecured Debt — Forestar has $118.9issued $300 million principal amount of 3.75% convertible senior notes outstanding as of March 31, 2019 that are expected to be settled in cash upon their maturity at March 1, 2020. In April 2019, Forestar issued $350 million principal amount of 8.0%5.0% senior notes pursuant to Rule 144A and Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The notes are due April 15, 2024,March 1, 2028, with interest payable semi-annually,semiannually, and represent unsecured obligations of Forestar. The annual effective interest rate of these notes after giving effect to the amortization of financing costs is 8.5%5.2%. These notes may be redeemed prior to maturity, subject to certain limitations and premiums defined in the indenture agreement. Forestar also has $350 million principal amount of 8.0% senior notes that mature April 15, 2024. In March 2020, Forestar repaid $118.9 million principal amount of its 3.75% convertible senior notes in cash at maturity.


Forestar’s revolving credit facility its senior notes and its convertible senior notes are not guaranteed by D.R. Horton, Inc. or any of the subsidiaries that guarantee our homebuilding debt. At March 31, 2020, Forestar was in compliance with all of the covenants, limitations and restrictions of its revolving credit facility and senior note obligations.




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Capital Resources - Financial Services


Cash and Cash Equivalents — At March 31, 2019,2020, cash and cash equivalents of our financial services operations totaled $61.1$45.8 million.


Mortgage Repurchase Facility — Our mortgage subsidiary, DHI Mortgage, has a mortgage repurchase facility that provides financing and liquidity to DHI Mortgage by facilitating purchase transactions in which DHI Mortgage transfers eligible loans to the counterparties upon receipt of funds from the counterparties. DHI Mortgage then has the right and obligation to repurchase the purchased loans upon their sale to third-party purchasers in the secondary market or within specified time frames from 45 to 60 days in accordance with the terms of the mortgage repurchase facility. In February 2019,2020, the mortgage repurchase facility was amended to extend its maturity date to February 21, 2020.19, 2021. The total capacity of the facility is $600 million;$1.2 billion; however, the capacity increases without requiring additional commitments to $725 million$1.4 billion for approximately 30 days at each quarter end and to $800 million for approximately 45 days at fiscal year end. The capacity of the facility can also be increased to $1.0$1.5 billion subject to the availability of additional commitments. AdditionalThrough additional commitments, were obtained to increase the capacity of the facility was temporarily increased to $800 million for approximately 30 days at the$1.5 billion effective March 2019 quarter end.26, 2020 through April 23, 2020.


As of March 31, 2019, $784.5 million2020, $1.3 billion of mortgage loans held for sale with a collateral value of $759.4 million$1.2 billion were pledged under the mortgage repurchase facility. DHI Mortgage had an obligation of $690.7 million$1.2 billion outstanding under the mortgage repurchase facility at March 31, 20192020 at a 4.2%2.6% annual interest rate.


The mortgage repurchase facility is not guaranteed by D.R. Horton, Inc. or any of the subsidiaries that guarantee our homebuilding debt. The facility contains financial covenants as to the mortgage subsidiary’s minimum required tangible net worth, its maximum allowable leverage ratio of debt to tangible net worth and its minimum required liquidity. These covenants are measured and reported to the lenders monthly. At March 31, 2019,2020, DHI Mortgage was in compliance with all of the conditions and covenants of the mortgage repurchase facility.


In the past, DHI Mortgage has been able to renew or extend its mortgage credit facility at a sufficient capacity and on satisfactory terms prior to its maturity and obtain temporary additional commitments through amendments to the credit agreement during periods of higher than normal volumes of mortgages held for sale. The liquidity of our financial services business depends upon its continued ability to renew and extend the mortgage repurchase facility or to obtain other additional financing in sufficient capacities.


Operating Cash Flow Activities


In the six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, net cash used in operating activities was $461.7$395.1 million compared to $98.8$461.7 million in the prior year period. Cash used in operating activities in the current year period primarily consisted of $215.9$312.1 million and $287.8$123.8 million of cash used in our homebuildingfinancial services and Forestar segments, respectively, partially offset by $48.8$52.1 million of cash provided by our financial serviceshomebuilding segment.


WeCash used $755.2 million of cash to increase our construction in progress and finished home inventory was $724.4 million in the current year period compared to $514.5$755.2 million in the prior year period. In both periods, the expenditures were made to support the current period increaseexpected increases in sales and closing volumes, as well as the expected increase in future periods.volumes. Cash used to increase residential land and lots in the current year period was $324.2 million compared to $445.6 million of whichin the prior year period. Of these amounts, $171.4 million and $341.8 million related to Forestar, compared to $271.5 million in the prior year period, of which $167.6 million related to Forestar.respectively. The most significant source of cash provided by operating activities in both periods was net income.



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Investing Cash Flow Activities


In the six months ended March 31, 2019,2020, net cash used in investing activities was $321.1$34.6 million compared to cash provided by investing activities of $31.4$321.1 million in the prior year period. The most significant investingIn the current year period, uses of cash inincluded expenditures related to our rental properties totaling $113.0 million and purchases of property and equipment totaling $47.6 million, partially offset by proceeds from the currentsale of assets primarily consisting of $128.5 million related to the sale of two multi-family rental properties. In the prior year period, the most significant uses of cash were the purchases of the homebuilding operations of Westport Homes, Classic Builders and Terramor Homes, whereby $309.6 million of the aggregate purchase price was paid during the current year period. Proceeds from the sale



55

Table of assets in the current year period included $73.4 million related to the sale of the first multi-family rental property constructed by DHI Communities. In the prior year period, we paid $558.3 million to purchase 75% of the outstanding shares of Forestar, which had $401.9 million of cash on the acquisition date. Proceeds from the sale of assets in the prior year period included $228.6 million related to Forestar, primarily from the strategic sale of assets.Contents

Financing Cash Flow Activities


We expect the short-term financing needs of our operations will be funded with existing cash, cash generated from operations and borrowings under our credit facilities. Long-term financing needs for the growth of our homebuilding and Forestar operations may be funded with the issuance of senior unsecured debt securities or equity securities through the capital markets.


During the six months ended March 31, 2020, net cash provided by financing activities was $453.0 million, consisting primarily of note proceeds of $800 million from draws on our homebuilding revolving credit facility, our issuance of $500 million principal amount of 2.5% homebuilding senior notes, Forestar’s issuance of $300 million principal amount of 5.0% senior notes and net advances of $297.6 million on our mortgage repurchase facility. Note proceeds were partially offset by repayment of amounts drawn on our homebuilding revolving credit facility totaling $300 million, repayment of $500 million principal amount of our 4.0% senior notes at maturity, Forestar’s repayment of $118.9 million principal amount of its 3.75% convertible senior notes at maturity, cash used to repurchase 7.0 million shares of our common stock for $360.4 million and payment of cash dividends totaling $128.7 million.

During the six months ended March 31, 2019, net cash provided by financing activities was $8.0 million, consisting primarily of note proceeds of $1.8 billion from draws on our homebuilding revolving credit facility and net advances of $53.0 million on our mortgage repurchase facility. Note proceeds were largely offset by note repayments, repurchases of common stock and payments of cash dividends. Note proceeds of $1.8 billion were due to draws on our revolving credit facilities. Note repayments of $1.5 billion included repaymentsrepayment of amounts drawn on our homebuilding revolving credit facility oftotaling $1.0 billion, and repayment of $500 million principal amount of our 3.75% homebuilding senior notes at maturity. We alsomaturity, cash used cash of $216.2 million to repurchase 6.1 million shares of our common stock for $216.2 million and $111.9 million to pay dividends to our common stockholders. During the six months ended March 31, 2018, net cash provided by financing activities was $109.3 million, consisting primarily of note proceeds, partially offset by note repayments, paymentspayment of cash dividends and repurchases of common stock. Note proceeds of $1.9 billion included draws of $1.5 billion on our homebuilding revolving credit facility and our issuance of $400 million principal amount of 2.55% senior notes due December 2020. Note repayments of $1.8 billion included our early redemptiontotaling $111.9 million.

During each of the $400 million principal amountfirst two quarters of fiscal 2020, our 3.625% senior notes dueBoard of Directors approved and paid quarterly cash dividends of $0.175 per common share, the most recent of which was paid on February 2018 and repayments24, 2020 to stockholders of amounts drawnrecord on our homebuilding revolving credit facility of $1.3 billion. We also used cash to repurchase 1.0 million shares of our common stock for $47.9 million during the prior year period.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019,February 10, 2020. In April 2020, our Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.15 per common share, which was paid on February 25, 2019 to stockholders of record on February 11, 2019. In April 2019, our Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.15$0.175 per common share, payable on May 28, 201921, 2020 to stockholders of record on May 13, 2019.11, 2020. Cash dividends of $0.125$0.15 per common share were approved and paid in each quarter of fiscal 2018.2019. The declaration of future cash dividends is at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon, among other things, our future earnings, cash flows, capital requirements, financial condition and general business conditions.




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CONTRACTUAL CASH OBLIGATIONS, COMMERCIAL COMMITMENTS AND OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS


Our primary contractual cash obligations are payments under our debt agreements and lease payments under operating leases. We expect to fund our contractual obligations in the ordinary course of business through a combination of our existing cash resources, cash flows generated from profits, our credit facilities or other bank financing, and the issuance of new debt or equity securities through the public capital markets as market conditions may permit.


At March 31, 2019,2020, we had outstanding letters of credit of $148.3$147.3 million and surety bonds of $1.6$1.8 billion, issued by third parties to secure performance under various contracts. We expect that our performance obligations secured by these letters of credit and bonds will generally be completed in the ordinary course of business and in accordance with the applicable contractual terms. When we complete our performance obligations, the related letters of credit and bonds are generally released shortly thereafter, leaving us with no continuing obligations. We have no material third-party guarantees.


Our mortgage subsidiary enters into various commitments related to the lending activities of our mortgage operations. Further discussion of these commitments is provided in Item 3 “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” under Part I of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.


We enter into land and lot purchase contracts to acquire land or lots for the construction of homes. Lot purchase contracts enable us to control significant lot positions with limited capital investment. Among our homebuilding land and lot purchase contracts at March 31, 2019,2020, there were a limited number of contracts, representing $96.8$70.7 million of remaining purchase price, subject to specific performance provisions that may require us to purchase the land or lots upon the land sellers meeting their respective contractual obligations. Of this amount, $50.9$24.2 million related to contracts between our homebuilding segment and Forestar. Further information about our land purchase contracts is provided in the “Homebuilding Inventories, Land and Lot Position and Homes in Inventory” section included herein.





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SUPPLEMENTAL GUARANTOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION

As of March 31, 2020, D.R. Horton, Inc. had outstanding $1.95 billion principal amount of homebuilding senior notes due through October 2024 and $500 million drawn on its homebuilding revolving credit facility.

All of the homebuilding senior notes and the homebuilding revolving credit facility are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a joint and several basis, by certain subsidiaries of D.R. Horton, Inc. (Guarantors or Guarantor Subsidiaries). Each of the Guarantor Subsidiaries is 100% owned, directly or indirectly, by D.R. Horton, Inc. Our subsidiaries associated with the Forestar lot development operation, financial services operations, multi-family residential construction and certain other subsidiaries do not guarantee the homebuilding senior notes or the homebuilding revolving credit facility (collectively, Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries). The guarantees are senior unsecured obligations of each Guarantor and rank equal with all existing and future senior debt of such Guarantor and senior to all subordinated debt of such Guarantor. The guarantees are effectively subordinated to any secured debt of such Guarantor to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt. The guarantees will be structurally subordinated to indebtedness and other liabilities of Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries of the Guarantors.

The guarantees by a Guarantor Subsidiary will be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged upon: (1) the sale or other disposition of its common stock whereby it is no longer a subsidiary of ours; (2) the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets (other than to us or another Guarantor); (3) its merger or consolidation with an entity other than us or another Guarantor; or (4) its ceasing to guarantee any of our publicly traded debt securities and ceasing to guarantee any of our obligations under our homebuilding revolving credit facility.

The following tables present summarized financial information for D.R. Horton, Inc. and the Guarantor Subsidiaries on a combined basis after intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated among D.R. Horton, Inc. and the Guarantor Subsidiaries, as well as their investment in, and equity in earnings from the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries.
D.R. Horton, Inc. and Guarantor Subsidiaries
Summarized Balance Sheet DataMarch 31, 2020September 30, 2019
 (In millions)
Assets
Cash$959.2  $992.9  
Inventories10,938.7  10,056.8  
Amount due from Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries515.0  473.2  
Total assets13,866.3  12,874.1  
Liabilities & Stockholders’ Equity
Notes payable$2,480.0  $1,970.1  
Total liabilities4,255.3  3,657.5  
Stockholders’ equity9,611.0  9,216.6  
Summarized Statement of Operations DataSix Months Ended March 31, 2020Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2019
(In millions)
Revenues$8,269.1  $17,023.0  
Cost of sales6,531.3  13,651.8  
Selling, general and administrative expense717.7  1,476.2  
Income before income taxes1,028.1  1,903.5  
Net income826.7  1,447.1  



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A court could void or subordinate any Guarantor’s guarantee under the fraudulent conveyance laws if existing or future creditors of any such Guarantor were successful in establishing that:
such guarantee was incurred with fraudulent intent; or
such Guarantor did not receive fair consideration or reasonably equivalent value for issuing its guarantee; and
was insolvent at the time of the guarantee;
was rendered insolvent by reason of the guarantee;
was engaged in a business or transaction for which its assets constituted unreasonably small capital to carry on its business; or
intended to incur, or believed that it would incur, debt beyond its ability to pay such debt as it matured.

The measures of insolvency for purposes of determining whether a fraudulent conveyance occurred would vary depending upon the laws of the relevant jurisdiction and upon the valuation assumptions and methodology applied by the court. Generally, however, a company would be considered insolvent for purposes of the foregoing if:
the sum of the company’s debts, including contingent, unliquidated and unmatured liabilities, is greater than all of such company’s property at a fair valuation; or
the present fair saleable value of the company’s assets is less than the amount that will be required to pay the probable liability on its existing debts as they become absolute and matured.

The indentures governing our homebuilding senior notes contain a “savings clause,” which limits the liability of each Guarantor on its guarantee to the maximum amount that such Guarantor can incur without risk that its guarantee will be subject to avoidance as a fraudulent transfer. This provision may not be effective to protect such guarantees from fraudulent transfer challenges or, if it does, it may reduce such Guarantor’s obligation such that the remaining amount due and collectible under the guarantees would not suffice, if necessary, to pay the notes in full when due.

On the basis of historical financial information, operating history and other factors, we believe that each of the Guarantors, after giving effect to the issuance of the guarantees when such guarantees were issued, was not insolvent, did not have unreasonably small capital for the business in which it engaged and did not and has not incurred debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature. We cannot assure you, however, as to what standard a court would apply in making these determinations or that a court would agree with our conclusions in this regard.


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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES


As disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018,2019, our most critical accounting policies relate to revenue recognition, inventories and cost of sales, business acquisitions, goodwill, warranty claims and legal claims and insurance, income taxes, stock-based compensation and fair value measurements.insurance. Since September 30, 2018,2019, there have been no significant changes to those critical accounting policies.


As disclosed in our critical accounting policies in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018,2019, our reserves for construction defect claims include the estimated costs of both known claims and anticipated future claims. At March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, we had reserves for approximately 220 and 180 pending construction defect claims, respectively, and no individual existing claim was material to our financial statements. During the six months ended March 31, 2020, we established reserves for approximately 85 new construction defect claims and resolved 45 construction defect claims for a total cost of $18.3 million. At March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, we had reserves for approximately 160 and 155 pending construction defect claims, respectively, and no individual existing claim was material to our financial statements. During the six months ended March 31, 2019, we established reserves for approximately 50 new construction defect claims and resolved 45 construction defect claims for a total cost of $5.4 million. At March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, we had reserves for approximately 135 and 140 pending construction defect claims, respectively, and no individual existing claim was material to our financial statements. During the six months ended March 31, 2018, we established reserves for approximately 45 new construction defect claims and resolved 50 construction defect claims for a total cost of $12.3 million.




SEASONALITY


Although significant changes in market conditions have impacted our seasonal patterns in the past and could do so again in the future, we generally close more homes and generate greater revenues and operating income in the third and fourth quarters of our fiscal year. The seasonal nature of our business can also cause significant variations in our working capital requirements in both our homebuilding, lot development and financial services operations. As a result of seasonal activity, our quarterly results of operations and financial position at the end of a particular fiscal quarter are not necessarily representative of the balance of our fiscal year. Due to the impact of COVID-19, our homes closed, revenues and operating income in fiscal 2020 may not follow our historical seasonal patterns.




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Forward-Looking Statements


Some of the statements contained in this report, as well as in other materials we have filed or will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC),SEC, statements made by us in periodic press releases and oral statements we make to analysts, stockholders and the press in the course of presentations about us, may be construed as “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s beliefs as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. These forward-looking statements typically include the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “consider,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “goal,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “outlook,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “projection,” “seek,” “should,” “strategy,” “target,” “will,” “would” or other words of similar meaning. Any or all of the forward-looking statements included in this report and in any other of our reports or public statements may not approximate actual experience, and the expectations derived from them may not be realized, due to risks, uncertainties and other factors. As a result, actual results may differ materially from the expectations or results we discuss in the forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to:
the effects of public health issues such as a major epidemic or pandemic, including the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and our businesses;
the cyclical nature of the homebuilding industryand lot development industries and changes in economic, real estate and other conditions;
constriction of the credit and public capital markets, which could limit our ability to access capital and increase our costs of capital;
reductions in the availability of mortgage financing provided by government agencies, changes in government financing programs, a decrease in our ability to sell mortgage loans on attractive terms or an increase in mortgage interest rates;
the risks associated with our land and lot inventory;
our ability to effect our growth strategies, acquisitions or investments successfully;
the impact of an inflationary, deflationary or higher interest rate environment;
home warranty and construction defect claims;
the effects of health and safety incidents;
the effects of negative publicity;
supply shortages and other risks of acquiring land, building materials and skilled labor;
reductions in the availability of performance bonds;
increases in the costs of owning a home;
the effects of governmental regulations and environmental matters on our homebuilding and land development operations;
the effects of governmental regulations on our financial services operations;
our significant debt and our ability to manage and service our debt and comply with related debt covenants, restrictions and limitations;
competitive conditions within the homebuilding, lot development and financial services industries;
the effects of the loss of key personnel; and
information technology failures and data security breaches.


We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. However, any further disclosures made on related subjects in subsequent reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K should be consulted. Additional information about issues that could lead to material changes in performance and risk factors that have the potential to affect us is contained in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018,2019, including the section entitled “Risk Factors,” as supplemented by Part II, Item 1A. in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, which is filed with the SEC.



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ITEM 3.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK


We are subject to interest rate risk on our long-term debt. We monitor our exposure to changes in interest rates and utilize both fixed and variable rate debt. For fixed rate debt, changes in interest rates generally affect the fair value of the debt instrument, but not our earnings or cash flows. Conversely, for variable rate debt, changes in interest rates generally do not impact the fair value of the debt instrument, but may affect our future earnings and cash flows. Except in very limited circumstances, we do not have an obligation to prepay fixed-rate debt prior to maturity and, as a result, interest rate risk and changes in fair value would not have a significant impact on our cash flows related to our fixed-rate debt until such time as we are required to refinance, repurchase or repay such debt.


We are exposed to interest rate risk associated with our mortgage loan origination services. We manage interest rate risk through the use of forward sales of mortgage-backed securities (MBS), which are referred to as “hedging instruments” in the following discussion. We do not enter into or hold derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.


Interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs) are extended to borrowers who have applied for loan funding and who meet defined credit and underwriting criteria. Typically, the IRLCs have a duration of less than six months. Some IRLCs are committed immediately to a specific purchaser through the use of best-efforts whole loan delivery commitments, while other IRLCs are funded prior to being committed to third-party purchasers. The hedging instruments related to IRLCs are classified and accounted for as derivative instruments in an economic hedge, with gains and losses recognized in revenues in the consolidated statements of operations. Hedging instruments related to funded, uncommitted loans are accounted for at fair value, with changes recognized in revenues in the consolidated statements of operations, along with changes in the fair value of the funded, uncommitted loans. The fair value change related to the hedging instruments generally offsets the fair value change in the uncommitted loans. The net fair value change, which for the three and six months ended March 31, 20192020 and 20182019 was not significant, is recognized in current earnings. At March 31, 2019,2020, hedging instruments used to mitigate interest rate risk related to uncommitted mortgage loans held for sale and uncommitted IRLCs totaled a notional amount of $1.2 billion.$2.3 billion. Uncommitted IRLCs totaled a notional amount of approximately $663.9 million$1.6 billion and uncommitted mortgage loans held for sale totaled a notional amount of approximately $567.1$792.1 million at March 31, 2019.2020.


We occasionally enter into forward sales of MBS as part of a program to offer below market interest rate financing to our homebuyers in certain markets. At March 31, 2020, we had MBS totaling $383.4 million that did not yet have IRLCs or closed loans created or assigned and recorded a liability of $4.9 million for the fair value of such MBS position.

The following table sets forth principal cash flows by scheduled maturity, effective weighted average interest rates and estimated fair value of our debt obligations as of March 31, 2019.2020. Because the mortgage repurchase facility is effectively secured by certain mortgage loans held for sale that are typically sold within 60 days, its outstanding balance is included in the most current period presented. The interest rate for our variable rate debt represents the weighted average interest rate in effect at March 31, 2019.2020.
 Six Months
Ending
September 30, 2020
Fiscal Year Ending September 30,Fair Value at March 31, 2020
 20212022202320242025ThereafterTotal
 ($ in millions)
Debt:
Fixed rate$—$435.8$350.3$700.4$350.3$500.4$300.8$2,638.0$2,579.2
Average interest rate—%2.8%4.5%5.5%8.6%2.7%5.3%4.2%
Variable rate$1,186.5$—$—$—$—$500.0$—$1,686.5$1,686.5
Average interest rate2.6%—%—%—%—%1.7%—%2.3%


  Six Months
Ending
September 30, 2019
 Fiscal Year Ending September 30, Fair Value at March 31, 2019
   2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Thereafter Total 
  ($ in millions)
Debt:                  
Fixed rate $3.1
 $696.4
 $403.3
 $350.0
 $700.0
 $
 $
 $2,152.8
 $2,208.2
Average interest rate 4.1% 3.8% 2.8% 4.5% 5.5% % % 4.3%  
Variable rate $690.7
 $
 $35.0
 $
 $750.0
 $
 $
 $1,475.7
 $1,475.7
Average interest rate 4.2% % 4.8% % 3.7% % % 3.9%  
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ITEM 4.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES


Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures


As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 20192020 were effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports the Company files, furnishes, submits or otherwise provides the SEC under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that information required to be disclosed in reports filed by the Company under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, in such a manner as to allow timely decisions regarding the required disclosure.


There have been no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 20192020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.




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PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION


ITEM 1.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS


We are involved in lawsuits and other contingencies in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of such contingencies cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the liabilities arising from these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, to the extent the liability arising from the ultimate resolution of any matter exceeds our estimates reflected in the recorded reserves relating to such matter, we could incur additional charges that could be significant.


In fiscal 2013, our mortgage subsidiary was subpoenaed by the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) regarding the adequacy of certain underwriting and quality control processes related to Federal Housing Administration loans originated and sold in prior years. We have provided information related to these loans and our processes to theDOJ, and communications are ongoing. The DOJ has to date not asserted any formal claim amount, penalty or fine.


In May and July of 2014, we received Notices of Violation from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) related to stormwater compliance at certain of our sites in our Southeast region. This matter could potentially result in monetary sanctions to the Company; however, we do not believe it is reasonably possible that this matter would result in a loss that would have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.


In October 2018, we reached an agreement in principle with the EPA to settle an alleged violation of the wetlands provisions of the Clean Water Act at one of our development sites in our Southeast region. Upon finalizing the agreement in March 2019, we paid a penalty of $267,000 without an admission of liability. We also are participating in settlement discussions with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) and DOJ concerning alleged violations of the wetlands provisions of the Clean Water Act at anothera development site in our Southeast region relating to a violation notice the ACOE issued in April 2017. This matter could potentially result in a settlement that includes a penalty that could range between $100,000 andof approximately $350,000 without an admission of liability, but the final scope of the potential penalty is not known at this time.liability. We do not believe it is reasonably possible that this matter wouldwill result in a loss that would have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.




ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS

In addition to the risk factors previously presented in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2019, we have expanded our discussion of risks related to public health issues by adding the following risk factor to address the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Public health issues such as a major epidemic or pandemic could adversely affect our business or financial results.

The U.S. and other countries have experienced, and may experience in the future, outbreaks of contagious diseases that affect public health and public perception of health risk. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) emerged in the Wuhan region of China and has subsequently spread worldwide. The World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 a pandemic, resulting in federal, state and local governments and private entities mandating various restrictions, requiring closure of non-essential businesses and recommending people remain at home in all of the markets we serve. Although there can be no assurance decisions will not change in the future, in almost all of the municipalities across the U.S. where we operate, residential construction and financial services have been designated as essential businesses as part of critical infrastructure. We have continued our homebuilding, lot development and financial services operations in those markets where allowed and have implemented operational protocols to comply with social distancing and other health and safety standards as required by federal, state and local government agencies, taking into consideration guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other public health authorities.

Our results of operations are affected by economic conditions, including macroeconomic conditions and levels of business confidence and consumer confidence. There is significant uncertainty regarding the extent to which and how long COVID-19 and related government directives, actions and economic relief efforts will disrupt the U.S. economy and level of employment, capital markets, secondary mortgage markets, consumer confidence, demand for our homes and availability of mortgage loans to homebuyers. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of COVID-19 and the impact on our customers, trade partners and employees, all of which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. If COVID-19 has a significant negative impact on economic conditions over a prolonged period of time, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely impacted.

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ITEM 2.  UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS


Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities


We may repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time pursuant to our common stock repurchase authorization. The following table sets forth information concerning our common stock repurchases during the three months ended March 31, 2019.2020. All share repurchases were made in accordance with the safe harbor provisions of Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)

Average Price Paid per Share

Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that may yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
(In millions)
January 1, 2020 - January 31, 2020—  $—  —  $732.6  
February 1, 2020 - February 29, 20202,221,240  $55.69  2,221,240  608.9  
March 1, 2020 - March 31, 20201,778,760  $41.38  1,778,760  535.3  
Total4,000,000  $49.33  4,000,000  $535.3  
 

Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)
 

Average Price Paid per Share
 

Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
 
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that may yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
(In millions)
January 1, 2019 - January 31, 2019
 $
 
 $234.9
February 1, 2019 - February 28, 20192,000,000
 37.84
 2,000,000
 159.3
March 1, 2019 - March 31, 2019
 
 
 159.3
Total2,000,000
 $37.84
 2,000,000
 $159.3
_______________________________
(1) Shares purchased during the three months ended March 31, 20192020 were part of a $400 million$1.0 billion common stock repurchase authorization approved by our Board of Directors effective from August 1, 2018 through SeptemberJuly 30, 2019. The authorization has no expiration date. At March 31, 2019,2020, there was $159.3$535.3 million remaining on the repurchase authorization.



65
70


ITEM 6.  EXHIBITS


(a)Exhibits.
2.1
3.1
3.2
10.1
10.2
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
101The following financial statements from D.R. Horton, Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, filed on April 30, 2019, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language); (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Total Equity, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (*)
 *Filed herewith.
(1)Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 29, 2017, filed with the SEC on June 29, 2017.
(2)Incorporated1992 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2005, filed with the SEC on February 2, 2006.2006).
(3)3.2 Incorporated
(4)4.1 Incorporated
10.1 
22.1 *
31.1 *
31.2 *
32.1 *
32.2 *
101.INS **XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH **Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL **Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF **Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB **Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE **Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104 **Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document contained in Exhibit 101).
*Filed or furnished herewith.
**Submitted electronically herewith.





7166


SIGNATURES
SIGNATURE


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
D.R. HORTON, INC.
 
 
Date:
April 30, 201929, 2020 By: /s/ Bill W. Wheat
Bill W. Wheat on behalf of D.R. Horton, Inc.,
as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
 
Date:
April 29, 2020 By: /s/ Aron M. Odom
Aron M. Odom
Vice President and Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)




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