UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q




(Mark One)
x		QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
x		OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
		For the quarterly period ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018
		OR
¨		TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
¨		OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
		Commission File Number 1-11848

REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)



MISSOURI		43-1627032
(State or other jurisdiction		(IRS employer
of incorporation or organization)		identification number)

16600 Swingley Ridge Road

Chesterfield, Missouri 63017

(Address of principal executive offices)

(636) 736-7000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o

Smaller reporting company o Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x

As of ~~July~~October 31, 2018, ~~63,656,444~~62,774,675 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding.

Table of Contents

REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Item		Page		Page

	PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION		PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

1	Financial Statements		Financial Statements
			Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	3	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) Three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) Three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017	4	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) Three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) Three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017	5	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) Nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) Six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017	6	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited):	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited):	7	1. Business and Basis of Presentation	7
	1. Business and Basis of Presentation	7	2. Earnings Per Share	7
	2. Earnings Per Share	7	3. Equity	8
	3. Equity	8	4. Investments	10
	4. Investments	10	5. Derivative Instruments	20
	5. Derivative Instruments	20	6. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities	28
	6. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities	28	7. Segment Information	39
	7. Segment Information	39	8. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees	40
	8. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees	41	9. Income Tax	41
	9. Income Tax	42	10. Employee Benefit Plans	43
	10. Employee Benefit Plans	43	11. Reinsurance	43
	11. Reinsurance	43	12. Financing Activities	44
	12. New Accounting Standards	44	13. New Accounting Standards	44
2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	46	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	46
3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	79	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	80
4	Controls and Procedures	80	Controls and Procedures	81

	PART II – OTHER INFORMATION		PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

1	Legal Proceedings	81	Legal Proceedings	82
1A	Risk Factors	81	Risk Factors	82
2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	81	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	82
6	Exhibits	81	Exhibits	82
	Signatures	83	Signatures	84
	Index to Exhibits	82	Index to Exhibits	83

Table of Contents

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)


	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017			September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
	(Dollars in thousands, except share data)						(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
Assets
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost $35,233,970 and $35,281,412)	$	36,784,954		$	38,150,820
Equity securities, at fair value (cost $121,744 and $102,841)	108,070			100,152
Mortgage loans on real estate (net of allowances of $9,706 and $9,384)	4,558,669			4,400,533
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost $37,751,132 and $35,281,412)							$	39,005,212		$	38,150,820
Equity securities, at fair value (cost $111,248 and $102,841)							101,069			100,152
Mortgage loans on real estate (net of allowances of $10,366 and $9,384)							4,779,074			4,400,533
Policy loans	1,339,252			1,357,624			1,320,050			1,357,624
Funds withheld at interest	5,981,092			6,083,388			5,976,301			6,083,388
Short-term investments	123,028			93,304			229,928			93,304
Other invested assets	1,605,562			1,505,332			1,706,979			1,505,332
Total investments	50,500,627			51,691,153			53,118,613			51,691,153
Cash and cash equivalents	1,397,679			1,303,524			1,730,489			1,303,524
Accrued investment income	400,160			392,721			455,296			392,721
Premiums receivable and other reinsurance balances	2,617,382			2,338,481			2,779,556			2,338,481
Reinsurance ceded receivables	789,429			782,027			769,324			782,027
Deferred policy acquisition costs	3,205,667			3,239,824			3,211,145			3,239,824
Other assets	855,553			767,088			908,219			767,088
Total assets	$	59,766,497		$	60,514,818		$	62,972,642		$	60,514,818
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Future policy benefits	$	22,286,622		$	22,363,241		$	25,139,148		$	22,363,241
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities	16,513,668			16,227,642			16,751,379			16,227,642
Other policy claims and benefits	5,334,210			4,992,074			5,424,347			4,992,074
Other reinsurance balances	412,846			488,739			482,235			488,739
Deferred income taxes	2,009,514			2,198,309			1,883,848			2,198,309
Other liabilities	1,094,826			1,102,975			1,213,595			1,102,975
Long-term debt	2,788,111			2,788,365			2,787,975			2,788,365
Collateral finance and securitization notes	724,998			783,938			710,792			783,938
Total liabilities	51,164,795			50,945,283			54,393,319			50,945,283
Commitments and contingent liabilities (See Note 8)
Stockholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock - par value $.01 per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding	—			—			—			—
Common stock - par value $.01 per share, 140,000,000 shares authorized, 79,137,758 shares issued at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	791			791
Common stock - par value $.01 per share, 140,000,000 shares authorized, 79,137,758 shares issued at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017							791			791
Additional paid-in capital	1,887,336			1,870,906			1,899,144			1,870,906
Retained earnings	6,952,170			6,736,265			7,215,526			6,736,265
Treasury stock, at cost - 15,465,272 and 14,685,663 shares	(1,243,566		)	(1,102,058		)
Treasury stock, at cost - 16,186,890 and 14,685,663 shares							(1,348,943		)	(1,102,058		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	1,004,971			2,063,631			812,805			2,063,631
Total stockholders’ equity	8,601,702			9,569,535			8,579,323			9,569,535
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	59,766,497		$	60,514,818		$	62,972,642		$	60,514,818

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

Table of Contents

REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,						Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017
Revenues:	(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)												(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Net premiums	$	2,594,460		$	2,480,451		$	5,177,011		$	4,846,147		$	2,562,042		$	2,489,797		$	7,739,053		$	7,335,944
Investment income, net of related expenses	528,061			518,538			1,044,390			1,032,902			572,742			556,918			1,617,132			1,589,820
Investment related gains (losses), net:
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities	(3,350		)	(3,401		)	(3,350		)	(20,590		)	(10,705		)	(390		)	(14,055		)	(20,980		)
Other investment related gains (losses), net	(7,222		)	59,696			(7,692		)	137,408			(9,312		)	23,043			(17,004		)	160,451
Total investment related gains (losses), net	(10,572		)	56,295			(11,042		)	116,818			(20,017		)	22,653			(31,059		)	139,471
Other revenues	83,959			73,992			159,256			142,149			112,764			75,942			272,020			218,091
Total revenues	3,195,908			3,129,276			6,369,615			6,138,016			3,227,531			3,145,310			9,597,146			9,283,326
Benefits and Expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	2,279,593			2,164,363			4,641,694			4,270,508			2,209,920			2,100,680			6,851,614			6,371,188
Interest credited	109,327			115,285			189,776			222,969			143,292			126,099			333,068			349,068
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	320,276			319,832			677,178			699,221			310,639			365,424			987,817			1,064,645
Other operating expenses	194,959			154,356			386,233			312,862			200,262			168,417			586,495			481,279
Interest expense	37,025			29,352			74,479			71,754			33,290			36,836			107,769			108,590
Collateral finance and securitization expense	7,440			6,773			15,042			13,543			7,467			7,692			22,509			21,235
Total benefits and expenses	2,948,620			2,789,961			5,984,402			5,590,857			2,904,870			2,805,148			8,889,272			8,396,005
Income before income taxes	247,288			339,315			385,213			547,159			322,661			340,162			707,874			887,321
Provision for income taxes	42,914			107,125			80,609			169,457			21,462			112,571			102,071			282,028
Net income	$	204,374		$	232,190		$	304,604		$	377,702		$	301,199		$	227,591		$	605,803		$	605,293
Earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share	$	3.19		$	3.60		$	4.74		$	5.86		$	4.76		$	3.53		$	9.47		$	9.39
Diluted earnings per share	$	3.13		$	3.54		$	4.65		$	5.76		$	4.68		$	3.47		$	9.30		$	9.23
Dividends declared per share	$	0.50		$	0.41		$	1.00		$	0.82		$	0.60		$	0.50		$	1.60		$	1.32

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

Table of Contents

REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended June 30,					Six months ended June 30,					Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017		2018			2017		2018			2017			2018			2017
Comprehensive income (loss)	(Dollars in thousands)										(Dollars in thousands)
Net income	$	204,374		$	232,190	$	304,604		$	377,702	$	301,199		$	227,591		$	605,803		$	605,293
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(54,677		)	43,565		(55,837		)	21,352		25,462			46,733			(30,375		)	68,085
Net unrealized investment gains (losses)	(368,719		)	306,329		(1,002,323		)	509,444		(215,986		)	(93,574		)	(1,218,309		)	415,870
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plan adjustments	(29		)	849		(500		)	1,773		931			700			431			2,473
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(423,425		)	350,743		(1,058,660		)	532,569		(189,593		)	(46,141		)	(1,248,253		)	486,428
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	(219,051	)	$	582,933	$	(754,056	)	$	910,271	$	111,606		$	181,450		$	(642,450	)	$	1,091,721

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

Table of Contents

REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)


	Six months ended June 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(Dollars in thousands)						(Dollars in thousands)
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income	$	304,604		$	377,702		$	605,803		$	605,293
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued investment income	1,834			(34,676		)	23,473			(63,321		)
Premiums receivable and other reinsurance balances	(345,253		)	(230,650		)	(519,107		)	(421,027		)
Deferred policy acquisition costs	20,528			35,870			23,682			67,471
Reinsurance ceded receivable balances	18,245			(127,995		)	37,468			(120,013		)
Future policy benefits, other policy claims and benefits, and other reinsurance balances	598,015			745,799			920,492			982,164
Deferred income taxes	48,117			142,044			(8,136		)	236,185
Other assets and other liabilities, net	(98,807		)	(63,811		)	(47,978		)	78,848
Amortization of net investment premiums, discounts and other	(25,713		)	(47,563		)	(55,154		)	(95,227		)
Depreciation and amortization expense	21,554			13,869			32,153			21,384
Investment related (gains) losses, net	11,042			(116,818		)	31,059			(139,471		)
Other, net	29,422			(37,797		)	56,408			(47,787		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	583,588			655,974			1,100,163			1,104,499
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Sales of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	3,836,575			4,288,713			6,314,968			6,364,236
Maturities of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	328,097			313,530			461,764			385,993
Sales of equity securities	29,099			166,916			44,952			192,821
Principal payments and sales of mortgage loans on real estate	213,691			135,450			290,450			208,052
Principal payments on policy loans	24,793			26,658			43,995			93,286
Purchases of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	(3,880,733		)	(5,311,818		)	(6,041,665		)	(7,450,749		)
Purchases of equity securities	(11,930		)	(32,299		)	(12,578		)	(60,790		)
Cash invested in mortgage loans on real estate	(376,470		)	(463,063		)	(671,956		)	(751,702		)
Cash invested in policy loans	(6,421		)	(5,830		)	(6,422		)	(5,830		)
Cash invested in funds withheld at interest	(42,761		)	(6,910		)	(61,969		)	(12,597		)
Purchase of businesses, net of cash acquired of $4,938	(29,315		)	—
Purchase of businesses, net of cash acquired of $4,988							(31,441		)	—
Purchases of property and equipment	(14,573		)	31,686			(20,478		)	(33,242		)
Change in short-term investments	(9,843		)	22,671			34,856			65,664
Change in other invested assets	(160,824		)	(55,379		)	(313,464		)	(51,476		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(100,615		)	(889,675		)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities							31,012			(1,056,334		)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Dividends to stockholders	(64,370		)	(52,815		)	(102,441		)	(85,086		)
Repayment of collateral finance and securitization notes	(53,102		)	(23,761		)	(75,146		)	(56,637		)
Principal payments of long-term debt	(1,331		)	(301,278		)	(2,007		)	(301,927		)
Purchases of treasury stock	(165,069		)	(10,578		)	(273,873		)	(41,360		)
Exercise of stock options, net	1,252			2,527			2,336			4,450
Change in cash collateral for derivative positions and other arrangements	17,578			(7,046		)	(21,288		)	(46,206		)
Deposits on universal life and other investment type policies and contracts	225,876			917,675			320,871			1,007,563
Withdrawals on universal life and other investment type policies and contracts	(329,899		)	(402,528		)	(520,649		)	(568,789		)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(369,065		)	122,196
Net cash used in financing activities							(672,197		)	(87,992		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(19,753		)	34,137			(32,013		)	43,699
Change in cash and cash equivalents	94,155			(77,368		)	426,965			3,872
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	1,303,524			1,200,718			1,303,524			1,200,718
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	1,397,679		$	1,123,350		$	1,730,489		$	1,204,590
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	84,670		$	90,425		$	124,575		$	129,136
Income taxes paid, net of refunds	$	59,397		$	26,447		$	99,554		$	27,385
Non-cash transactions:
Transfer of invested assets	$	604,374		$	2,243,360		$	3,763,195		$	2,247,136
Purchase of businesses:
Assets acquired, excluding cash acquired	$	65,948		$	—		$	69,853		$	—
Liabilities assumed	(36,633		)	—			(38,412		)	—
Net cash paid on purchase	$	29,315		$	—		$	31,441		$	—

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

Table of Contents

REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)


1.	Business and Basis of Presentation

Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated (“RGA”) is an insurance holding company that was formed on December 31, 1992. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of RGA and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Results for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of RGA and its subsidiaries, and all intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. These condensed consolidated statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 27, 2018 (the “2017 Annual Report”).


2.	Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share on net income (in thousands, except per share information):


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,				Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017		2018		2017		2018		2017
Earnings:
Net income (numerator for basic and diluted calculations)	$	204,374	$	232,190	$	304,604	$	377,702	$	301,199	$	227,591	$	605,803	$	605,293
Shares:
Weighted average outstanding shares (denominator for basic calculation)	64,071		64,449		64,278		64,401		63,279		64,488		63,941		64,430
Equivalent shares from outstanding stock options	1,179		1,159		1,277		1,204		1,017		1,165		1,189		1,174
Denominator for diluted calculation	65,250		65,608		65,555		65,605		64,296		65,653		65,130		65,604
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	3.19	$	3.60	$	4.74	$	5.86	$	4.76	$	3.53	$	9.47	$	9.39
Diluted	$	3.13	$	3.54	$	4.65	$	5.76	$	4.68	$	3.47	$	9.30	$	9.23

The calculation of common equivalent shares does not include the impact of options having a strike or conversion price that exceeds the average stock price for the earnings period, as the result would be antidilutive. The calculation of common equivalent shares also excludes the impact of outstanding performance contingent shares, as the conditions necessary for their issuance have not been satisfied as of the end of the reporting period. The following table presents approximate amounts of stock options and performance contingent shares excluded from the calculation of common equivalent shares (in ~~millions)~~thousands):


	Three months ended June 30,		Six months ended June 30,		Three months ended September 30,		Nine months ended September 30,
	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017
Excluded from common equivalent shares:
Stock options	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	227	87	349	296
Performance contingent shares	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	276	307	256	293

Table of Contents


3.	Equity

Common Stock

The changes in number of common stock shares, issued, held in treasury and outstanding are as follows for the periods indicated:


	Issued	Held In Treasury		Outstanding		Issued	Held In Treasury		Outstanding
Balance, December 31, 2017	79,137,758	14,685,663		64,452,095		79,137,758	14,685,663		64,452,095
Common stock acquired	—	991,477		(991,477	)	—	1,750,295		(1,750,295	)
Stock-based compensation ⁽¹⁾	—	(211,868	)	211,868		—	(249,068	)	249,068
Balance, June 30, 2018	79,137,758	15,465,272		63,672,486
Balance, September 30, 2018						79,137,758	16,186,890		62,950,868


	Issued	Held In Treasury		Outstanding	Issued	Held In Treasury		Outstanding
Balance, December 31, 2016	79,137,758	14,835,256		64,302,502	79,137,758	14,835,256		64,302,502
Common stock acquired					—	208,680		(208,680	)
Stock-based compensation ⁽¹⁾	—	(189,355	)	189,355	—	(274,449	)	274,449
Balance, June 30, 2017	79,137,758	14,645,901		64,491,857
Balance, September 30, 2017					79,137,758	14,769,487		64,368,271


(1)	Represents net shares issued from treasury pursuant to the Company’s equity-based compensation programs.

Common Stock Held in Treasury

Common stock held in treasury is accounted for at average cost. Gains resulting from the reissuance of common stock held in treasury are credited to additional paid-in capital. Losses resulting from the reissuance of common stock held in treasury are charged first to additional paid-in capital to the extent the Company has previously recorded gains on treasury share transactions, then to retained earnings.

In January 2017, RGA’s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to $400.0 million of RGA’s outstanding common stock. The authorization was effective immediately and does not have an expiration date. During the first ~~six~~nine months of 2018, RGA repurchased ~~1.0~~1.8 million shares of common stock under this program for ~~$150.0~~$258.5 million. During the first ~~six~~nine months ~~ended June 30,~~of 2017, noRGA repurchased 0.2 million shares of common stock ~~was repurchased by RGA~~ under this ~~program.~~program for $26.9 million.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The balance of and changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017 are as follows (dollars in thousands):


	Accumulated Currency Translation Adjustments			Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) of Investments⁽¹⁾			Pension and Postretirement Benefits			Total			Accumulated Currency Translation Adjustments			Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) of Investments⁽¹⁾			Pension and Postretirement Benefits			Total
Balance, December 31, 2017	$	(86,350	)	$	2,200,661		$	(50,680	)	$	2,063,631		$	(86,350	)	$	2,200,661		$	(50,680	)	$	2,063,631
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(44,227		)	(1,327,195		)	(2,986		)	(1,374,408		)	(24,977		)	(1,638,146		)	(3,391		)	(1,666,514		)
Amounts reclassified to (from) AOCI	—			53,646			2,366			56,012			—			79,505			3,986			83,491
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)	(11,610		)	271,226			120			259,736			(5,398		)	340,332			(164		)	334,770
Balance, June 30, 2018	$	(142,187	)	$	1,198,338		$	(51,180	)	$	1,004,971
Adoption of new accounting standard													(2,573		)	—			—			(2,573		)
Balance, September 30, 2018													$	(119,298	)	$	982,352		$	(50,249	)	$	812,805


	Accumulated Currency Translation Adjustments			Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) of Investments⁽¹⁾			Pension and Postretirement Benefits			Total			Accumulated Currency Translation Adjustments			Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) of Investments⁽¹⁾			Pension and Postretirement Benefits			Total
Balance, December 31, 2016	$	(172,541	)	$	1,355,033		$	(43,163	)	$	1,139,329		$	(172,541	)	$	1,355,033		$	(43,163	)	$	1,139,329
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(13,936		)	774,688			(196		)	760,556			23,117			671,564			(191		)	694,490
Amounts reclassified to (from) AOCI	—			(39,360		)	2,935			(36,425		)	—			(51,407		)	4,006			(47,401		)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)	35,288			(225,884		)	(966		)	(191,562		)	44,968			(204,287		)	(1,342		)	(160,661		)
Balance, June 30, 2017	$	(151,189	)	$	1,864,477		$	(41,390	)	$	1,671,898
Balance, September 30, 2017													$	(104,456	)	$	1,770,903		$	(40,690	)	$	1,625,757


(1)	Includes cash flow hedges of ~~$22,656~~$29,043 and $2,619 as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and ~~$1,131~~$347 and $(2,496) as of ~~June~~September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. See Note 5 - “Derivative Instruments” for additional information on cash flow hedges.

Table of Contents

The following table presents the amounts of AOCI reclassifications for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):


	Amount Reclassified from AOCI													Amount Reclassified from AOCI
	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,							Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
Details about AOCI Components	2018			2017			2018			2017			Affected Line Item in Statements of Income	2018			2017			2018			2017			Affected Line Item in Statements of Income
Net unrealized investment gains (losses):
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	$	(24,642	)	$	40,374		$	(39,098	)	$	28,517		Investment related gains (losses), net	$	(21,249	)	$	10,515		$	(60,347	)	$	39,032		Investment related gains (losses), net
Cash flow hedges - Interest rate	29			—			(342		)	—			(1)	234			—			(108		)	—			(1)
Cash flow hedges - Currency/Interest rate	76			132			221			329			(1)	50			230			270			560			(1)
Cash flow hedges - Forward bond purchase commitments	—			51			—			101			(1)	—			224			—			286			(1)
Deferred policy acquisition costs attributed to unrealized gains and losses	(7,835		)	4,565			(14,427		)	10,413			(2)	(4,893		)	1,116			(19,320		)	11,529			(2)
Total	(32,372		)	45,122			(53,646		)	39,360				(25,858		)	12,085			(79,505		)	51,407
Provision for income taxes	6,945			(15,218		)	11,623			(12,024		)		5,355			(3,991		)	16,978			(16,015		)
Net unrealized gains (losses), net of tax	$	(25,427	)	$	29,904		$	(42,023	)	$	27,336			$	(20,503	)	$	8,094		$	(62,527	)	$	35,392
Amortization of defined benefit plan items:
Prior service cost (credit)	$	247		$	60		$	493		$	142		(3)	$	246		$	590		$	739		$	732		(3)
Actuarial gains/(losses)	(1,267		)	(1,539		)	(2,859		)	(3,077		)	(3)	(1,866		)	(1,661		)	(4,725		)	(4,738		)	(3)
Total	(1,020		)	(1,479		)	(2,366		)	(2,935		)		(1,620		)	(1,071		)	(3,986		)	(4,006		)
Provision for income taxes	214			517			497			1,027				340			375			837			1,402
Amortization of defined benefit plans, net of tax	$	(806	)	$	(962	)	$	(1,869	)	$	(1,908	)		$	(1,280	)	$	(696	)	$	(3,149	)	$	(2,604	)

Total reclassifications for the period	$	(26,233	)	$	28,942		$	(43,892	)	$	25,428			$	(21,783	)	$	7,398		$	(65,676	)	$	32,788


(1)	See Note 5 - “Derivative Instruments” for additional information on cash flow hedges.


(2)	This AOCI component is included in the computation of the deferred policy acquisition cost. See Note 8 – “Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs” of the 2017 Annual Report for additional details.


(3)	This AOCI component is included in the computation of the net periodic pension cost. See Note 10 – “Employee Benefit Plans” for additional details.

Equity Based Compensation

Equity compensation expense was ~~$16.6~~$28.4 million and ~~$11.4~~$17.1 million in the first ~~six~~nine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively. In the first quarter of 2018, the Company granted 0.2 million stock appreciation rights at $150.87 weighted average exercise price per share and 0.1 million performance contingent units to employees. Additionally, non-employee directors were granted a total of 7,623 shares of common stock. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2018, 1.5 million share options at a weighted average strike price per share of ~~$65.70~~$66.48 were vested and exercisable, with a remaining weighted average exercise period of ~~4.4~~4.3 years. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2018, the total compensation cost of non-vested awards not yet recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements was ~~$36.9~~$35.1 million. It is estimated that these costs will vest over a weighted average period of ~~1.4~~1.3 years.

Table of Contents


4.	Investments

Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Available-for-Sale

The Company holds various types of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale and classifies them as corporate securities (“Corporate”), Canadian and Canadian provincial government securities (“Canadian government”), residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), asset-backed securities (“ABS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), U.S. government and agencies (“U.S. government”), state and political subdivisions, and other foreign government, supranational and foreign government-sponsored enterprises (“Other foreign government”).

The following table provides information relating to investments in fixed maturity securities by sector as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 (dollars in thousands):


June 30, 2018:	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		% of Total		Other-than- temporary impairments in AOCI
September 30, 2018:													Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		% of Total		Other-than- temporary impairments in AOCI
Available-for-sale:
Corporate	$	22,249,964	$	663,087	$	409,544	$	22,503,507	61.2	%	$	—	$	24,271,467	$	594,444	$	416,413	$	24,449,498	62.7	%	$	—
Canadian government	2,789,699		1,277,020		3,876		4,062,843		11.0		—		2,902,433		1,138,426		4,109		4,036,750		10.3		—
RMBS	1,837,316		18,500		34,602		1,821,214		5.0		—		1,816,949		14,235		50,422		1,780,762		4.6		—
ABS	1,711,099		11,596		13,871		1,708,824		4.6		275		1,867,650		10,312		14,945		1,863,017		4.8		275
CMBS	1,249,616		8,591		15,698		1,242,509		3.4		—		1,282,015		8,403		16,884		1,273,534		3.3		—
U.S. government	1,583,622		8,193		66,665		1,525,150		4.1		—		1,500,703		6,359		94,653		1,412,409		3.6		—
State and political subdivisions	703,047		43,318		9,321		737,044		2.0		—		889,218		36,410		13,637		911,991		2.3		—
Other foreign government	3,109,607		112,887		38,631		3,183,863		8.7		—		3,220,697		98,574		42,020		3,277,251		8.4		—
Total fixed maturity securities	$	35,233,970	$	2,143,192	$	592,208	$	36,784,954	100.0	%	$	275	$	37,751,132	$	1,907,163	$	653,083	$	39,005,212	100.0	%	$	275

The following table provides information relating to investments in fixed maturity and equity securities by sector as of December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):



December 31, 2017:	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		% of Total		Other-than- temporary impairments in AOCI
Available-for-sale:
Corporate	$	21,966,803	$	1,299,594	$	55,429	$	23,210,968	60.9	%	$	—
Canadian government	2,843,273		1,378,510		1,707		4,220,076		11.1		—
RMBS	1,695,126		36,632		11,878		1,719,880		4.5		—
ABS	1,634,758		18,798		5,194		1,648,362		4.3		275
CMBS	1,285,594		22,627		4,834		1,303,387		3.4		—
U.S. government	1,953,436		12,089		21,933		1,943,592		5.1		—
State and political subdivisions	647,727		59,997		4,296		703,428		1.8		—
Other foreign government	3,254,695		154,507		8,075		3,401,127		8.9		—
Total fixed maturity securities	$	35,281,412	$	2,982,754	$	113,346	$	38,150,820	100.0	%	$	275
Non-redeemable preferred stock	$	41,553	$	479	$	2,226	$	39,806	39.7	%
Other equity securities	61,288		479		1,421		60,346		60.3
Total equity securities	$	102,841	$	958	$	3,647	$	100,152	100.0	%

The Company enters into various collateral arrangements with counterparties that require both the pledging and acceptance of fixed maturity securities as collateral. Pledged fixed maturity securities are included in fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Fixed maturity securities received as collateral are held in separate custodial accounts and are not recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Subject to certain constraints, the Company is permitted by contract to sell or repledge collateral it receives; however, as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, none of the collateral received had been sold or repledged. The Company also holds assets in trust to satisfy collateral requirements under derivative transactions and certain third-party reinsurance treaties. The following table includes fixed maturity securities pledged and received as collateral and assets in trust held to satisfy collateral requirements under derivative transactions and certain third-party reinsurance treaties as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):

Table of Contents


	June 30, 2018				December 31, 2017				September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Fixed maturity securities pledged as collateral	$	63,640	$	66,118	$	72,542	$	75,622	$	67,899	$	69,792	$	72,542	$	75,622
Fixed maturity securities received as collateral	n/a		626,081		n/a		590,417		n/a		592,146		n/a		590,417
Assets in trust held to satisfy collateral requirements	16,061,218		16,571,173		15,584,296		16,715,281		19,263,724		19,670,559		15,584,296		16,715,281

The Company monitors its concentrations of financial instruments on an ongoing basis and mitigates credit risk by maintaining a diversified investment portfolio which limits exposure to any one issuer. The Company’s exposure to concentrations of credit risk from single issuers greater than 10% of the Company’s stockholders’ equity included securities of the U.S. government and its agencies as well as the securities disclosed below as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands).


	June 30, 2018				December 31, 2017				September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Fixed maturity securities guaranteed or issued by:
Canadian province of Quebec	$	1,101,825	$	1,850,642	$	1,119,337	$	1,917,996	$	1,158,326	$	1,833,972	$	1,119,337	$	1,917,996
Canadian province of Ontario	929,913		1,239,102		939,837		1,282,944		951,186		1,225,712		939,837		1,282,944

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale at ~~June~~September 30, 2018 are shown by contractual maturity in the table below (dollars in thousands). Actual maturities can differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Asset and mortgage-backed securities are shown separately in the table below, as they are not due at a single maturity date.


	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale:
Due in one year or less	$	978,683	$	986,160	$	986,289	$	993,352
Due after one year through five years	7,550,595		7,649,023		7,797,732		7,888,116
Due after five years through ten years	9,208,763		9,323,786		9,311,737		9,407,186
Due after ten years	12,697,898		14,053,438		14,688,760		15,799,245
Asset and mortgage-backed securities	4,798,031		4,772,547		4,966,614		4,917,313
Total	$	35,233,970	$	36,784,954	$	37,751,132	$	39,005,212

Corporate Fixed Maturity Securities

The tables below show the major industry types of the Company’s corporate fixed maturity holdings as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):


June 30, 2018:			Estimated
September 30, 2018:									Estimated
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		% of Total		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		% of Total
Finance	$	8,097,947	$	8,129,125	36.2	%	$	8,561,885	$	8,564,254	35.1	%
Industrial	11,705,150		11,847,762		52.6		12,632,502		12,753,024		52.1
Utility	2,446,867		2,526,620		11.2		3,077,080		3,132,220		12.8
Total	$	22,249,964	$	22,503,507	100.0	%	$	24,271,467	$	24,449,498	100.0	%

December 31, 2017:			Estimated						Estimated
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		% of Total		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		% of Total
Finance	$	7,977,885	$	8,362,774	36.1	%	$	7,977,885	$	8,362,774	36.1	%
Industrial	11,535,166		12,199,333		52.5		11,535,166		12,199,333		52.5
Utility	2,453,752		2,648,861		11.4		2,453,752		2,648,861		11.4
Total	$	21,966,803	$	23,210,968	100.0	%	$	21,966,803	$	23,210,968	100.0	%

Table of Contents

Other-Than-Temporary Impairments - Fixed Maturity Securities

As discussed in Note 2 – “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the 2017 Annual Report, a portion of certain other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) losses on fixed maturity securities is recognized in AOCI. For these securities, the net amount recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income (“credit loss impairments”) represents the difference between the amortized cost of the security and the net present value of its projected future cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate implicit in the debt security prior to impairment. Any remaining difference between the fair value and amortized cost is recognized in AOCI. The following table sets forth the amount of pre-tax credit loss impairments on fixed maturity securities held by the Company as of the dates indicated, for which a portion of the OTTI loss was recognized in AOCI, and the corresponding changes in such amounts (dollars in thousands):


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,					Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017			2018		2017		2018		2017
Balance, beginning of period	$	3,677	$	3,677	$	3,677	$	6,013		$	3,677	$	3,677	$	3,677	$	6,013
Credit loss OTTI previously recognized on securities impaired to fair value during the period	—		—		—		(2,336		)	—		—		—		(2,336		)
Balance, end of period	$	3,677	$	3,677	$	3,677	$	3,677		$	3,677	$	3,677	$	3,677	$	3,677

Unrealized Losses for Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Available-for-Sale

The following table presents the total gross unrealized losses for the ~~2,580~~2,866 fixed maturity securities as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018, where the estimated fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost by the indicated amount (dollars in thousands):


	June 30, 2018				September 30, 2018
	Gross Unrealized Losses		% of Total		Gross Unrealized Losses		% of Total
Less than 20%	$	571,151	96.4	%	$	640,481	98.1	%
20% or more for less than six months	21,045		3.6		309		—
20% or more for six months or greater	12		—		12,293		1.9
Total	$	592,208	100.0	%	$	653,083	100.0	%

The following table presents the total gross unrealized losses for the 1,116 fixed maturity and equity securities at December 31, 2017 where the estimated fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost by the indicated amount (dollars in thousands):



	December 31, 2017
	Gross Unrealized Losses		% of Total
Less than 20%	$	113,466	97.0	%
20% or more for less than six months	689		0.6
20% or more for six months or greater	2,838		2.4
Total	$	116,993	100.0	%

The Company’s determination of whether a decline in value is other-than-temporary includes an analysis of the underlying credit and the extent and duration of a decline in value. The Company’s credit analysis of an investment includes determining whether the issuer is current on its contractual payments, evaluating whether it is probable that the Company will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the security and analyzing the overall ability of the Company to recover the amortized cost of the investment.

The following table presents the estimated fair values and gross unrealized losses, including other-than-temporary impairment losses reported in AOCI, for ~~2,580~~2,866 fixed maturity securities that have estimated fair values below amortized cost as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 (dollars in thousands). These investments are presented by class and grade of security, as well as the length of time the related fair value has remained below amortized cost.

Table of Contents


	Less than 12 months				12 months or greater				Total				Less than 12 months				12 months or greater				Total
			Gross				Gross				Gross				Gross				Gross				Gross
June 30, 2018:	Estimated		Unrealized		Estimated		Unrealized		Estimated		Unrealized
September 30, 2018:													Estimated		Unrealized		Estimated		Unrealized		Estimated		Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
Investment grade securities:
Corporate	$	9,135,620	$	299,909	$	818,555	$	51,938	$	9,954,175	$	351,847	$	10,117,970	$	303,926	$	1,290,804	$	81,236	$	11,408,774	$	385,162
Canadian government	46,392		668		110,326		3,058		156,718		3,726		58,816		1,211		107,167		2,736		165,983		3,947
RMBS	1,101,941		25,546		241,914		9,032		1,343,855		34,578		931,044		23,339		528,739		27,063		1,459,783		50,402
ABS	807,714		10,637		139,676		3,187		947,390		13,824		680,900		8,650		262,544		6,243		943,444		14,893
CMBS	612,214		11,097		104,426		4,601		716,640		15,698		555,716		8,304		207,943		8,580		763,659		16,884
U.S. government	584,758		20,707		747,679		45,958		1,332,437		66,665		197,114		3,913		1,002,661		90,740		1,199,775		94,653
State and political subdivisions	168,817		5,064		66,122		4,257		234,939		9,321		261,456		6,722		90,649		6,915		352,105		13,637
Other foreign government	919,229		25,758		199,578		5,407		1,118,807		31,165		1,034,417		24,666		297,566		11,062		1,331,983		35,728
Total investment grade securities	13,376,685		399,386		2,428,276		127,438		15,804,961		526,824		13,837,433		380,731		3,788,073		234,575		17,625,506		615,306
Below investment grade securities:
Corporate	735,338		47,846		56,042		9,851		791,380		57,697		539,521		23,955		77,675		7,296		617,196		31,251
Canadian government	1,864		150		—		—		1,864		150		2,328		162		—		—		2,328		162
RMBS	—		—		1,194		24		1,194		24		—		—		1,102		20		1,102		20
ABS	—		—		1,148		47		1,148		47		—		—		1,110		52		1,110		52
Other foreign government	146,374		7,111		7,643		355		154,017		7,466		140,692		5,931		6,410		361		147,102		6,292
Total below investment grade securities	883,576		55,107		66,027		10,277		949,603		65,384		682,541		30,048		86,297		7,729		768,838		37,777
Total fixed maturity securities	$	14,260,261	$	454,493	$	2,494,303	$	137,715	$	16,754,564	$	592,208	$	14,519,974	$	410,779	$	3,874,370	$	242,304	$	18,394,344	$	653,083

The following table presents the estimated fair values and gross unrealized losses, including other-than-temporary impairment losses reported in AOCI, for 1,116 fixed maturity and equity securities that have estimated fair values below amortized cost as of December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):



	Less than 12 months				12 months or greater				Total
			Gross				Gross				Gross
December 31, 2017:	Estimated		Unrealized		Estimated		Unrealized		Estimated		Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
Investment grade securities:
Corporate	$	1,886,212	$	17,099	$	1,009,750	$	28,080	$	2,895,962	$	45,179
Canadian government	18,688		91		111,560		1,596		130,248		1,687
RMBS	566,699		5,852		224,439		6,004		791,138		11,856
ABS	434,274		2,707		168,524		2,434		602,798		5,141
CMBS	220,401		1,914		103,269		2,920		323,670		4,834
U.S. government	800,298		6,177		767,197		15,756		1,567,495		21,933
State and political subdivisions	43,510		242		68,666		4,054		112,176		4,296
Other foreign government	369,717		2,707		191,265		4,704		560,982		7,411
Total investment grade securities	4,339,799		36,789		2,644,670		65,548		6,984,469		102,337
Below investment grade securities:
Corporate	194,879		3,317		75,731		6,933		270,610		10,250
Canadian government	1,995		20		—		—		1,995		20
RMBS	—		—		1,369		22		1,369		22
ABS	—		—		1,489		53		1,489		53
Other foreign government	28,600		113		15,134		551		43,734		664
Total below investment grade securities	225,474		3,450		93,723		7,559		319,197		11,009
Total fixed maturity securities	$	4,565,273	$	40,239	$	2,738,393	$	73,107	$	7,303,666	$	113,346
Non-redeemable preferred stock	$	82	$	1	$	26,471	$	2,225	$	26,553	$	2,226
Other equity securities	5,820		1,023		47,251		398		53,071		1,421
Total equity securities	$	5,902	$	1,024	$	73,722	$	2,623	$	79,624	$	3,647

~~Table of Contents~~

The Company has no intention to sell, nor does it expect to be required to sell, the securities outlined in the table above, as of the dates indicated. However, unforeseen facts and circumstances may cause the Company to sell fixed maturity securities in the

Table of Contents

ordinary course of managing its portfolio to meet certain diversification, credit quality and liquidity guidelines.

~~Unrealized losses on below investment grade securities as of June 30, 2018 are primarily related to publicly traded and privately placed corporate securities.~~ Changes in unrealized losses are primarily being driven by changes in interest rates.

Investment Income, Net of Related Expenses

Major categories of investment income, net of related expenses, consist of the following (dollars in thousands):


	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,						Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	$	373,624		$	355,735		$	742,827		$	680,235		$	378,669		$	359,157		$	1,121,496		$	1,039,392
Equity securities	709			995			2,391			2,354			1,319			942			3,710			3,296
Mortgage loans on real estate	50,460			44,442			100,659			88,789			54,424			50,040			155,083			138,829
Policy loans	14,775			15,194			29,555			30,466			14,730			15,404			44,285			45,870
Funds withheld at interest	86,417			97,367			161,862			224,945			108,232			102,144			270,094			327,089
Short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents	2,964			1,779			6,209			3,289			3,067			1,977			9,276			5,266
Other invested assets	20,785			22,071			44,613			40,539			35,594			46,653			80,207			87,192
Investment income	549,734			537,583			1,088,116			1,070,617			596,035			576,317			1,684,151			1,646,934
Investment expense	(21,673		)	(19,045		)	(43,726		)	(37,715		)	(23,293		)	(19,399		)	(67,019		)	(57,114		)
Investment income, net of related expenses	$	528,061		$	518,538		$	1,044,390		$	1,032,902		$	572,742		$	556,918		$	1,617,132		$	1,589,820

Investment Related Gains (Losses), Net

Investment related gains (losses), net consist of the following (dollars in thousands):


	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,						Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017
Fixed maturity securities available for sale:
Other-than-temporary impairment losses	$	(3,350	)	$	(3,401	)	$	(3,350	)	$	(20,590	)	$	(10,705	)	$	(390	)	$	(14,055	)	$	(20,980	)
Gain on investment activity	21,140			54,197			32,106			72,090			20,040			19,512			52,146			91,611
Loss on investment activity	(35,934		)	(10,288		)	(56,314		)	(18,975		)	(37,880		)	(7,593		)	(94,194		)	(26,577		)
Equity securities:
Other-than-temporary impairment losses													—			(889		)	—			(889		)
Gain on investment activity	469			23			497			23			3,932			10			4,429			24
Loss on investment activity	—			(183		)	(950		)	(4,059		)	(174		)	(85		)	(1,124		)	(4,135		)
Change in unrealized gains (losses) recognized in earnings	(6,966		)	—			(11,103		)	—			3,539			—			(7,564		)	—
Other impairment losses and change in mortgage loan provision	(1,357		)	(6,675		)	(1,669		)	(6,774		)	(6,566		)	(2,446		)	(8,235		)	(9,220		)
Derivatives and other, net	15,426			22,622			29,741			95,103			7,797			14,534			37,538			109,637
Total investment related gains (losses), net	$	(10,572	)	$	56,295		$	(11,042	)	$	116,818		$	(20,017	)	$	22,653		$	(31,059	)	$	139,471

The fixed maturity impairments for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017 were largely related to high-yield corporate securities. The equity impairments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 were related to an equity position received as part of a debt restructuring. The other impairment losses and change in mortgage loan provision for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 includes impairments on real estate joint ~~ventures.~~ventures and limited partnerships. The other impairment losses and change in mortgage loan provision for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2017 includes impairments on limited partnerships. The fluctuations in investment related gains (losses) for derivatives and other for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, compared to the same periods in 2017, are primarily due to changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives and interest rate swaps.

During the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company sold fixed maturity securities with fair values of ~~$1,174.4~~$1,345.3 million and ~~$696.4~~$479.7 million at losses of ~~$35.9~~$37.9 million and ~~$10.3~~$7.6 million, respectively. During the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company sold fixed maturity securities with fair values of ~~$2,438.0~~$3,783.3 million and ~~$1,125.0~~$1,604.7 million at losses of ~~$56.3~~$94.2 million and ~~$19.0~~$26.6 million, respectively. ~~The Company did not sell any equity securities at losses during the three months ended June 30, 2018.~~ During the three months ended ~~June 30, 2017, the Company sold equity securities with fair values of $14.1 million at losses of $0.2 million. During the six months ended June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company sold equity securities with fair values of ~~$28.4~~$3.1 million and ~~$161.7~~$5.0 million at losses of ~~$1.0~~$0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company sold equity securities with fair values of $31.5 million and $166.7 million at losses of $1.1 million and $4.1 million, respectively. The Company generally does not buy and sell securities on a short-term basis.

Table of Contents

Securities Borrowing, Lending and Other

The following table includes the amount of borrowed securities, securities lent and securities collateral received as part of the securities lending program and repurchased/reverse repurchased securities pledged and received as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands).


	June 30, 2018				December 31, 2017				September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Borrowed securities	$	350,350	$	365,730	$	358,875	$	377,820	$	353,650	$	370,323	$	358,875	$	377,820
Securities lending:
Securities loaned	101,995		102,208		117,246		121,551		101,965		102,489		117,246		121,551
Securities received	n/a		112,000		n/a		128,000		n/a		112,000		n/a		128,000
Repurchase program/reverse repurchase program:
Securities pledged	385,391		394,698		413,819		428,344		408,679		404,905		413,819		428,344
Securities received	n/a		397,712		n/a		417,550		n/a		400,515		n/a		417,550

The Company also held cash collateral for securities lending and the repurchase program/reverse repurchase programs of ~~$29.6~~$28.9 million and $31.2 million at ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. No cash or securities have been pledged by the Company for its securities borrowing program as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

The following tables present information on the Company’s securities lending and repurchase transactions as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands). Collateral associated with certain borrowed securities is not included within the table, as the collateral pledged to each counterparty is the right to reinsurance treaty cash flows.


	June 30, 2018										September 30, 2018
	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements										Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
	Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		30-90 Days		Greater than 90 Days		Total		Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		30-90 Days		Greater than 90 Days		Total
Securities lending transactions:
Corporate	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	102,208	$	102,208	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	102,489	$	102,489
Total	—		—		—		102,208		102,208		—		—		—		102,489		102,489
Repurchase transactions:
Corporate	—		—		—		151,519		151,519		—		—		—		132,228		132,228
U.S. government	—		—		—		219,154		219,154		—		—		—		219,906		219,906
Foreign government	—		—		—		22,894		22,894		—		—		—		52,771		52,771
Other	1,131		—		—		—		1,131		—		—		—		—		—
Total	1,131		—		—		393,567		394,698		—		—		—		404,905		404,905
Total transactions	$	1,131	$	—	$	—	$	495,775	$	496,906	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	507,394	$	507,394

Gross amount of recognized liabilities for securities lending and repurchase transactions in preceding table	Gross amount of recognized liabilities for securities lending and repurchase transactions in preceding table								$	539,332	Gross amount of recognized liabilities for securities lending and repurchase transactions in preceding table								$	541,411
Amounts related to agreements not included in offsetting disclosure	Amounts related to agreements not included in offsetting disclosure								$	42,426	Amounts related to agreements not included in offsetting disclosure								$	34,017

Table of Contents



	December 31, 2017
	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
	Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		30-90 Days		Greater than 90 Days		Total
Securities lending transactions:
Corporate	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	121,551	$	121,551
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	121,551	$	121,551
Repurchase transactions:
Corporate	$	—	$	—	$	312	$	184,334	$	184,646
U.S. government	—		—		—		220,765		220,765
Foreign government	—		—		—		21,802		21,802
Other	1,131		—		—		—		1,131
Total	1,131		—		312		426,901		428,344
Total borrowings	$	1,131	$	—	$	312	$	548,452	$	549,895

Gross amount of recognized liabilities for securities lending and repurchase transactions in preceding table									$	576,786
Amounts related to agreements not included in offsetting disclosure									$	26,891

The Company has elected to offset amounts recognized as receivables and payables resulting from the repurchase/reverse repurchase programs. After the effect of offsetting, the net amount presented on the condensed consolidated balance sheets was a liability of $0.4 million and $1.1 million of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company recognized payables resulting from cash received as collateral associated with a repurchase agreement as discussed above. Amounts owed to and due from the counterparties may be settled in cash or offset, in accordance with the agreements.

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

Mortgage loans represented approximately 9.0% and 8.5% of the Company’s total investments as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2018, mortgage loans were geographically dispersed throughout the U.S. with the largest concentrations in California ~~(19.4%~~(18.8%), Texas ~~(9.6%~~(10.0%) and ~~Washington (7.8%~~Georgia (7.5%) and include loans secured by properties in Canada (2.6%). The recorded investment in mortgage loans on real estate presented below is gross of unamortized deferred loan origination fees and expenses, and valuation allowances.

The distribution of mortgage loans by property type is as follows as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):


	June 30, 2018					December 31, 2017					September 30, 2018					December 31, 2017
Property type:	Carrying Value			% of Total		Carrying Value			% of Total		Carrying Value			% of Total		Carrying Value			% of Total
Office building	$	1,546,148		33.9	%	$	1,487,392		33.6	%	$	1,633,887		34.1	%	$	1,487,392		33.6	%
Retail	1,296,157			28.3		1,270,676			28.8		1,365,157			28.5		1,270,676			28.8
Industrial	962,049			21.0		938,612			21.3		983,553			20.5		938,612			21.3
Apartment	530,599			11.6		510,052			11.6		543,917			11.3		510,052			11.6
Other commercial	237,610			5.2		206,439			4.7		267,712			5.6		206,439			4.7
Recorded investment	4,572,563			100.0	%	4,413,171			100.0	%	4,794,226			100.0	%	4,413,171			100.0	%
Unamortized balance of loan origination fees and expenses	(4,188		)			(3,254		)			(4,786		)			(3,254		)
Valuation allowances	(9,706		)			(9,384		)			(10,366		)			(9,384		)
Total mortgage loans on real estate	$	4,558,669				$	4,400,533				$	4,779,074				$	4,400,533

The maturities of ~~the~~ mortgage loans as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows (dollars in thousands):


	June 30, 2018				December 31, 2017				September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Recorded Investment		% of Total		Recorded Investment		% of Total		Recorded Investment		% of Total		Recorded Investment		% of Total
Due within five years	$	1,153,623	25.2	%	$	1,091,066	24.8	%	$	1,216,241	25.4	%	$	1,091,066	24.8	%
Due after five years through ten years	2,623,105		57.4		2,516,872		57.0		2,738,400		57.1		2,516,872		57.0
Due after ten years	795,835		17.4		805,233		18.2		839,585		17.5		805,233		18.2
Total	$	4,572,563	100.0	%	$	4,413,171	100.0	%	$	4,794,226	100.0	%	$	4,413,171	100.0	%

Table of Contents

The following tables set forth certain key credit quality indicators of the Company’s recorded investment in mortgage loans as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):


	Recorded Investment														Recorded Investment
	Debt Service Ratios						Construction loans								Debt Service Ratios								Construction loans
	>1.20x		1.00x - 1.20x		<1.00x				Total			% of Total		>1.20x			1.00x - 1.20x			<1.00x			Construction loans		Total			% of Total
June 30, 2018:							Construction loans
September 30, 2018:
Loan-to-Value Ratio
0% - 59.99%	$	2,125,328	$	102,254	$	19,439	$	17,602		$	2,264,623		49.5	%	$	2,146,401		$	63,794		$	43,486	$	25,724		$	2,279,405		47.6	%
60% - 69.99%	1,552,568		117,751		49,221		—			1,719,540			37.6		1,666,525			117,726			62,617		—			1,846,868			38.5
70% - 79.99%	315,274		25,121		101,213		—			441,608			9.7		386,137			70,884			76,054		—			533,075			11.1
Greater than 80%	101,870		12,933		31,989		—			146,792			3.2		108,233			22,429			4,216		—			134,878			2.8
Total	$	4,095,040	$	258,059	$	201,862	$	17,602		$	4,572,563		100.0	%	$	4,307,296		$	274,833		$	186,373	$	25,724		$	4,794,226		100.0	%



	Recorded Investment
	Debt Service Ratios						Construction loans
	>1.20x		1.00x - 1.20x		<1.00x		Construction loans		Total		% of Total
December 31, 2017:
Loan-to-Value Ratio
0% - 59.99%	$	2,148,428	$	53,979	$	3,801	$	—	$	2,206,208	50.0	%
60% - 69.99%	1,517,029		47,128		43,921		—		1,608,078		36.4
70% - 79.99%	396,446		19,461		15,367		—		431,274		9.8
Greater than 80%	120,850		30,713		6,362		9,686		167,611		3.8
Total	$	4,182,753	$	151,281	$	69,451	$	9,686	$	4,413,171	100.0	%

The age analysis of the Company’s past due recorded investments in mortgage loans as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):


	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
31-60 days past due	$	12,027	$	17,100	$	—	$	17,100
61-90 days past due	—		2,056		—		2,056
Total past due	12,027		19,156		—		19,156
Current	4,560,536		4,394,015		4,794,226		4,394,015
Total	$	4,572,563	$	4,413,171	$	4,794,226	$	4,413,171

The following table presents the recorded investment in mortgage loans, by method of measuring impairment, and the related valuation allowances as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):


	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Mortgage loans:
Individually measured for impairment	$	30,653	$	5,858	$	30,629	$	5,858
Collectively measured for impairment	4,541,910		4,407,313		4,763,597		4,407,313
Recorded investment	$	4,572,563	$	4,413,171	$	4,794,226	$	4,413,171
Valuation allowances:
Individually measured for impairment	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Collectively measured for impairment	9,706		9,384		10,366		9,384
Total valuation allowances	$	9,706	$	9,384	$	10,366	$	9,384

Table of Contents

Information regarding the Company’s loan valuation allowances for mortgage loans for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017 is as follows (dollars in thousands):


	Three months ended June 30,					Six months ended June 30,					Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017		2018			2017		2018		2017		2018			2017
Balance, beginning of period	$	8,864		$	7,786	$	9,384		$	7,685	$	9,706	$	8,156	$	9,384		$	7,685
Provision (release)	845			366		329			467		656		977		986			1,444
Translation adjustment	(3		)	4		(7		)	4		4		4		(4		)	8
Balance, end of period	$	9,706		$	8,156	$	9,706		$	8,156	$	10,366	$	9,137	$	10,366		$	9,137

Information regarding the portion of the Company’s mortgage loans that were impaired as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is as follows (dollars in thousands):


		Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Carrying Value		Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Carrying Value
June 30, 2018:
September 30, 2018:
Impaired mortgage loans with no valuation allowance recorded		$	30,690	$	30,653	$	—	$	30,653	$	30,660	$	30,629	$	—	$	30,629
Impaired mortgage loans with valuation allowance recorded		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total impaired mortgage loans		$	30,690	$	30,653	$	—	$	30,653	$	30,660	$	30,629	$	—	$	30,629
December 31, 2017:
Impaired mortgage loans with no valuation allowance recorded		$	6,427	$	5,858	$	—	$	5,858	$	6,427	$	5,858	$	—	$	5,858
Impaired mortgage loans with valuation allowance recorded		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total impaired mortgage loans		$	6,427	$	5,858	$	—	$	5,858	$	6,427	$	5,858	$	—	$	5,858

The Company’s average investment in impaired mortgage loans and the related interest income are reflected in the table below for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):
		Three months ended June 30,								Three months ended September 30,
		2018				2017				2018				2017
		Average Recorded Investment⁽¹⁾		Interest Income		Average Recorded Investment⁽¹⁾		Interest Income		Average Recorded Investment⁽¹⁾		Interest Income		Average Recorded Investment⁽¹⁾		Interest Income
Impaired mortgage loans with no valuation allowance recorded		$	27,038	$	247	$	2,088	$	33	$	30,641	$	346	$	3,967	$	33
Impaired mortgage loans with valuation allowance recorded		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total impaired mortgage loans		$	27,038	$	247	$	2,088	$	33	$	30,641	$	346	$	3,967	$	33

	��	Six months ended June 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
		2018				2017				2018				2017
		Average Recorded Investment⁽¹⁾		Interest Income		Average Recorded Investment⁽¹⁾		Interest Income		Average Recorded Investment⁽¹⁾		Interest Income		Average Recorded Investment⁽¹⁾		Interest Income
Impaired mortgage loans with no valuation allowance recorded		$	19,978	$	304	$	2,131	$	67	$	22,641	$	650	$	3,062	$	100
Impaired mortgage loans with valuation allowance recorded		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total impaired mortgage loans		$	19,978	$	304	$	2,131	$	67	$	22,641	$	650	$	3,062	$	100

(1) Average recorded investment represents the average loan balances as of the beginning of period and all subsequent quarterly end of period balances.

The Company did not acquire any impaired mortgage loans during the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017. The Company had no mortgage loans that were on a nonaccrual status at ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Policy Loans

Policy loans comprised approximately ~~2.7%~~2.5% and 2.6% of the Company’s total investments as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, the majority of which are associated with one client. These policy loans present no credit risk because the amount of the loan cannot exceed the obligation due to the ceding company upon the death of the insured or surrender of the underlying policy. The provisions of the treaties in force and the underlying policies determine the policy loan interest rates. The Company earns a spread between the interest rate earned on policy loans and the interest rate credited to corresponding liabilities.

Table of Contents

Funds Withheld at Interest

Funds withheld at interest comprised approximately ~~11.8%~~11.3% and 11.8% of the Company’s total investments as of both ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Of the $6.0 billion funds withheld at interest balance, net of embedded derivatives, as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018, ~~$4.0~~$3.9 billion of the balance is associated with one client. For reinsurance agreements written on a modified coinsurance basis and certain agreements written on a coinsurance funds withheld basis, assets equal to the net statutory reserves are withheld and legally owned and managed by the ceding company and are reflected as funds withheld at interest on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. In the event of a ceding company’s insolvency, the Company would need to assert a claim on the assets supporting its reserve liabilities. However, the risk of loss to the Company is mitigated by its ability to offset amounts it owes the ceding company for claims or allowances against amounts owed to the Company from the ceding company.

Other Invested Assets

Other invested assets include limited partnership interests, joint ventures (other than operating joint ventures), equity release mortgages, derivative contracts and fair value option (“FVO”) contractholder-directed unit-linked investments. Other invested assets also include Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines (“FHLB”) common stock which is included in other in the table below. Other invested assets represented approximately 3.2% and 2.9% of the Company’s total investments as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Carrying values of these assets as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows (dollars in thousands):


	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Limited partnership interests and real estate joint ventures	$	857,599	$	781,124	$	924,006	$	781,124
Equity release mortgages	311,723		219,940		383,450		219,940
Derivatives	137,315		137,613		101,124		137,613
FVO contractholder-directed unit-linked investments	212,202		218,541		212,315		218,541
Other	86,723		148,114		86,084		148,114
Total other invested assets	$	1,605,562	$	1,505,332	$	1,706,979	$	1,505,332

Table of Contents

5. Derivative Instruments

Derivatives, except for embedded derivatives and longevity and mortality swaps, are carried on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets in other invested assets or other liabilities, at fair value. Longevity and mortality swaps are included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets in other assets or other liabilities, at fair value. Embedded derivative assets and liabilities on modified coinsurance or funds withheld arrangements are included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets with the host contract in funds withheld at interest, at fair value. Embedded derivative liabilities on indexed annuity and variable annuity products are included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets with the host contract in interest-sensitive contract liabilities, at fair value. The following table presents the notional amounts and gross fair value of derivative instruments prior to taking into account the netting effects of master netting agreements as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):


	June 30, 2018						December 31, 2017						September 30, 2018						December 31, 2017
	Notional		Carrying Value/Fair Value				Notional		Carrying Value/Fair Value				Notional		Carrying Value/Fair Value				Notional		Carrying Value/Fair Value
	Amount		Assets		Liabilities		Amount		Assets		Liabilities		Amount		Assets		Liabilities		Amount		Assets		Liabilities
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	$	1,084,555	$	43,439	$	2,514	$	996,204	$	59,809	$	2,372	$	1,074,173	$	37,238	$	1,818	$	996,204	$	59,809	$	2,372
Financial futures	348,874		—		—		412,438		—		—		347,916		—		—		412,438		—		—
Foreign currency forwards	4,512		—		8		6,030		—		28		—		—		—		6,030		—		28
Consumer price index swaps	328,190		1,126		199		221,932		—		2,160		409,023		127		2,836		221,932		—		2,160
Credit default swaps	928,300		6,725		122		961,200		8,319		1,651		1,373,300		6,759		114		961,200		8,319		1,651
Equity options	639,801		25,950		—		632,251		23,271		—		571,845		19,372		—		632,251		23,271		—
Longevity swaps	934,720		43,971		—		960,400		40,659		—		928,320		46,090		—		960,400		40,659		—
Mortality swaps	25,000		—		782		—		—		1,683		25,000		—		308		—		—		1,683
Synthetic guaranteed investment contracts	10,634,677		—		—		10,052,576		—		—		10,844,558		—		—		10,052,576		—		—
Embedded derivatives in:
Modified coinsurance or funds withheld arrangements	—		144,610		—		—		122,194		—		—		142,529		—		—		122,194		—
Indexed annuity products	—		—		806,436		—		—		861,758		—		—		815,970		—		—		861,758
Variable annuity products	—		—		122,361		—		—		152,470		—		—		90,229		—		—		152,470
Total non-hedging derivatives	14,928,629		265,821		932,422		14,243,031		254,252		1,022,122		15,574,135		252,115		911,275		14,243,031		254,252		1,022,122
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	435,000		204		19,699		435,000		—		20,389		435,000		99		20,579		435,000		—		20,389
Foreign currency swaps	580,036		58,294		2,598		672,921		65,207		8,496		537,249		46,141		3,770		672,921		65,207		8,496
Foreign currency forwards	718,177		18,428		—		553,175		1,265		7,720		834,238		8,948		2,067		553,175		1,265		7,720
Total hedging derivatives	1,733,213		76,926		22,297		1,661,096		66,472		36,605		1,806,487		55,188		26,416		1,661,096		66,472		36,605
Total derivatives	$	16,661,842	$	342,747	$	954,719	$	15,904,127	$	320,724	$	1,058,727	$	17,380,622	$	307,303	$	937,691	$	15,904,127	$	320,724	$	1,058,727

Netting Arrangements

Certain of the Company’s derivatives are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements and reported as a net asset or liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company nets all derivatives that are subject to such arrangements.

The Company has elected to include all derivatives, except embedded derivatives, in the tables below, irrespective of whether they are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or a similar agreement. See Note 4 – “Investments” for information regarding the Company’s securities borrowing, lending, repurchase and repurchase/reverse repurchase programs. See “Embedded Derivatives” below for information regarding the Company’s bifurcated embedded derivatives.

The following table provides information relating to the Company’s derivative instruments as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):


								Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Balance Sheet																Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Balance Sheet
	Gross Amounts Recognized		Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet			Net Amounts Presented in the Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments ⁽¹⁾			Cash Collateral Pledged/ Received			Net Amount			Gross Amounts Recognized		Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet			Net Amounts Presented in the Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments ⁽¹⁾			Cash Collateral Pledged/ Received			Net Amount
June 30, 2018:
September 30, 2018:
Derivative assets	$	198,137	$	(16,851	)	$	181,286	$	—		$	(194,067	)	$	(12,781	)	$	164,774	$	(17,560	)	$	147,214	$	—		$	(159,194	)	$	(11,980	)
Derivative liabilities	25,922		(16,851		)	9,071		(57,302		)	(9,030		)	(57,261		)	31,492		(17,560		)	13,932		(61,293		)	(13,400		)	(60,761		)
December 31, 2017:
Derivative assets	$	198,530	$	(20,258	)	$	178,272	$	(862	)	$	(185,900	)	$	(8,490	)	$	198,530	$	(20,258	)	$	178,272	$	(862	)	$	(185,900	)	$	(8,490	)
Derivative liabilities	44,499		(20,258		)	24,241		(58,156		)	(22,221		)	(56,136		)	44,499		(20,258		)	24,241		(58,156		)	(22,221		)	(56,136		)


(1)	Includes initial margin posted to a central clearing partner.

Table of Contents

Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company does not enter into derivative instruments for speculative purposes. As discussed below under “Non-qualifying Derivatives and Derivatives for Purposes Other Than Hedging,” the Company uses various derivative instruments for risk management purposes that either do not qualify or have not been qualified for hedge accounting treatment. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company held interest rate swaps that were designated and qualified as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, for variable rate liabilities and foreign currency assets, foreign currency swaps and foreign currency forwards that were designated and qualified as hedges of a portion of its net investment in its foreign operations, foreign currency swaps that were designated and qualified as fair value hedges of foreign currency risk, and derivative instruments that were not designated as hedging instruments. See Note 2 – “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Company’s 2017 Annual Report for a detailed discussion of the accounting treatment for derivative instruments, including embedded derivatives. Derivative instruments are carried at fair value and generally require an insignificant amount of cash at inception of the contracts.

Fair Value Hedges

The Company designates and reports certain foreign currency swaps to hedge the foreign currency fair value exposure of foreign currency denominated assets as fair value hedges when they meet the requirements of the general accounting principles for Derivatives and Hedging. The gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to a change in foreign currency and the offsetting gain or loss on the related foreign currency swaps as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, were (dollars in thousands):


Type of Fair Value Hedge	Hedged Item	Gains (Losses) Recognized for Derivatives ⁽¹⁾			Gains (Losses) Recognized for Hedged Items ⁽¹⁾				Hedged Item	Gains (Losses) Recognized for Derivatives ⁽¹⁾			Gains (Losses) Recognized for Hedged Items ⁽¹⁾
For the three months ended June 30, 2018:
For the three months ended September 30, 2018:								For the three months ended September 30, 2018:
Foreign currency swaps	Foreign-denominated fixed maturity securities	$	(1,134	)	$	4,942			Foreign-denominated fixed maturity securities	$	(2,258	)	$	2,832
For the three months ended June 30, 2017:
For the three months ended September 30, 2017:								For the three months ended September 30, 2017:
Foreign currency swaps	Foreign-denominated fixed maturity securities	$	905		$	(905	)		Foreign-denominated fixed maturity securities	$	2,100		$	(2,100	)
For the six months ended June 30, 2018:
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018:								For the nine months ended September 30, 2018:
Foreign currency swaps	Foreign-denominated fixed maturity securities	$	(3,025	)	$	6,833			Foreign-denominated fixed maturity securities	$	(5,284	)	$	9,666
For the six months ended June 30, 2017:
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017:								For the nine months ended September 30, 2017:
Foreign currency swaps	Foreign-denominated fixed maturity securities	$	7,441		$	(7,441	)		Foreign-denominated fixed maturity securities	$	9,541		$	(9,541	)


(1)	The net amount represents the ineffective portion of the fair value hedges

Cash Flow Hedges

Certain derivative instruments are designated as cash flow hedges when they meet the requirements of the general accounting principles for Derivatives and Hedging. The Company designates and accounts for the following as cash flows: (i) certain interest rate swaps, in which the cash flows of liabilities are variable based on a benchmark rate; (ii) certain interest rate swaps, in which the cash flows of assets are denominated in different currencies, commonly referred to as cross-currency swaps; and (iii) forward bond purchase commitments.

The following table presents the components of AOCI, before income tax, and the condensed consolidated income statement classification where the gain or loss is recognized related to cash flow hedges for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

Table of Contents


	Three months ended June 30,						Three months ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Balance beginning of period	$	20,662		$	7,690		$	22,656		$	7,690
Gains (losses) deferred in other comprehensive income (loss) on the effective portion of cash flow hedges	2,099			(6,417		)	6,671			(6,889		)
Amounts reclassified to investment related (gains) losses, net	—			41			—			(183		)
Amounts reclassified to investment income	(76		)	(183		)	(50		)	(271		)
Amounts reclassified to interest expense	(29		)	—			(234		)	—
Balance end of period	$	22,656		$	1,131		$	29,043		$	347

	Six months ended June 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Balance beginning of period	$	2,619		$	(2,496	)	$	2,619		$	(2,496	)
Gains (losses) deferred in other comprehensive income (loss) on the effective portion of cash flow hedges	19,916			4,016			26,586			3,689
Amounts reclassified to investment related (gains) losses, net	—			41			—			(142		)
Amounts reclassified to investment income	(221		)	(430		)	(270		)	(704		)
Amounts reclassified to interest expense	342			—			108			—
Balance end of period	$	22,656		$	1,131		$	29,043		$	347

As of ~~June~~September 30, 2018, the before-tax deferred net gains (losses) on derivative instruments recorded in AOCI that are expected to be reclassified to earnings during the next twelve months are approximately ~~$0.4~~$0.2 million and ~~$1.5~~$1.9 million in investment income and interest expense, respectively.

The following table presents the effective portion of derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships on the condensed consolidated statements of income and the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):


	Effective Portion											Effective Portion
Derivative Type	Gain (Loss) Deferred in OCI			Gain (Loss) Reclassified into Income from OCI								Gain (Loss) Deferred in OCI			Gain (Loss) Reclassified into Income from OCI
				Investment Related Gains (Losses)			Investment Income		Interest Expense						Investment Related Gains (Losses)		Investment Income		Interest Expense
For the three months ended June 30, 2018:
For the three months ended September 30, 2018:
Interest rate	$	4,742		$	—		$	—	$	29		$	7,490		$	—	$	—	$	234
Currency/Interest rate	(2,643		)	—			76		—			(819		)	—		50		—
Total	$	2,099		$	—		$	76	$	29		$	6,671		$	—	$	50	$	234
For the three months ended June 30, 2017:
For the three months ended September 30, 2017:
Interest rate	$	(7,643	)	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	(8,421	)	$	—	$	—	$	—
Currency/Interest rate	1,226			—			132		—			1,544			—		230		—
Forward bond purchase commitments	—			(41		)	51		—			(12		)	183		41		—
Total	$	(6,417	)	$	(41	)	$	183	$	—		$	(6,889	)	$	183	$	271	$	—

For the six months ended June 30, 2018:
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018:
Interest rate	$	19,727		$	—		$	—	$	(342	)	$	27,217		$	—	$	—	$	(108	)
Currency/Interest rate	189			—			221		—			(631		)	—		270		—
Total	$	19,916		$	—		$	221	$	(342	)	$	26,586		$	—	$	270	$	(108	)
For the six months ended June 30, 2017:
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017:
Interest rate	$	(5,427	)	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	(6,205	)	$	—	$	—	$	—
Currency/Interest rate	9,443			—			329		—			9,894			—		560		—
Forward bond purchase commitments	—			(41		)	101		—			—			142		144		—
Total	$	4,016		$	(41	)	$	430	$	—		$	3,689		$	142	$	704	$	—

For the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, the ineffective portion of derivatives reported as cash flow hedges was not material to the Company’s results of operations. Also, there were no material amounts reclassified into earnings relating to instances in which the Company discontinued cash flow hedge accounting because the forecasted transaction did not occur by the anticipated date or within the additional time period permitted by the authoritative guidance for the accounting for derivatives and hedging.

Table of Contents

Hedges of Net Investments in Foreign Operations

The Company uses foreign currency swaps and foreign currency forwards to hedge a portion of its net investment in certain foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates. The following table illustrates the Company’s net investments in foreign operations (“NIFO”) hedges for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):


	Derivative Gains (Losses) Deferred in AOCI										Derivative Gains (Losses) Deferred in AOCI
	For the three months ended June 30,					For the six months ended June 30,					For the three months ended September 30,						For the nine months ended September 30,
Type of NIFO Hedge ^{(1) (2)}	2018		2017			2018		2017			2018			2017			2018		2017
Foreign currency swaps	$	8,197	$	(17,919	)	$	17,002	$	(25,525	)	$	(5,877	)	$	(35,198	)	$	11,125	$	(60,723	)
Foreign currency forwards	11,063		4,158			23,299		4,158			(11,562		)	4,627			11,737		8,785
Total	$	19,260	$	(13,761	)	$	40,301	$	(21,367	)	$	(17,439	)	$	(30,571	)	$	22,862	$	(51,938	)


(1)	There were no sales or substantial liquidations of net investments in foreign operations that would have required the reclassification of gains or losses from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into investment income during the periods presented.


(2)	There was no ineffectiveness recognized for the Company’s hedges of net investments in foreign operations.

The cumulative foreign currency translation gain recorded in AOCI related to these hedges was $~~154.0~~136.5 million and $113.7 million at ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. If a hedged foreign operation was sold or substantially liquidated, the amounts in AOCI would be reclassified to the condensed consolidated statements of income. A pro rata portion would be reclassified upon partial sale of a hedged foreign operation.

Non-qualifying Derivatives and Derivatives for Purposes Other Than Hedging

The Company uses various other derivative instruments for risk management purposes that either do not qualify or have not been qualified for hedge accounting treatment. The gain or loss related to the change in fair value for these derivative instruments is recognized in investment related gains (losses), net in the condensed consolidated statements of income, except where otherwise noted.

A summary of the effect of non-hedging derivatives, including embedded derivatives, on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017 is as follows (dollars in thousands):

Table of Contents


		Gain (Loss) for the three months ended June 30,							Gain (Loss) for the three months ended September 30,
Type of Non-hedging Derivative	Income Statement Location of Gain (Loss)	2018			2017			Income Statement Location of Gain (Loss)	2018			2017
Interest rate swaps	Investment related gains (losses), net	$	(8,600	)	$	14,289		Investment related gains (losses), net	$	(12,228	)	$	641
Financial futures	Investment related gains (losses), net	(897		)	(6,442		)	Investment related gains (losses), net	(6,544		)	(8,890		)
Foreign currency forwards	Investment related gains (losses), net	(262		)	(351		)	Investment related gains (losses), net	(58		)	24
CPI swaps	Investment related gains (losses), net	1,041			(4		)	Investment related gains (losses), net	(4,223		)	220
Credit default swaps	Investment related gains (losses), net	1,084			3,879			Investment related gains (losses), net	4,689			4,137
Equity options	Investment related gains (losses), net	(8,007		)	(9,273		)	Investment related gains (losses), net	(9,793		)	(8,295		)
Longevity swaps	Other revenues	2,289			1,981			Other revenues	2,426			3,334
Mortality swaps	Other revenues	(799		)	(395		)	Other revenues	473			(132		)
Subtotal		(14,151		)	3,684				(25,258		)	(8,961		)
Embedded derivatives in:
Modified coinsurance or funds withheld arrangements	Investment related gains (losses), net	8,805			15,108			Investment related gains (losses), net	(2,081		)	23,044
Indexed annuity products	Interest credited	6,519			(5,955		)	Interest credited	(25,347		)	(13,133		)
Variable annuity products	Investment related gains (losses), net	15,324			360			Investment related gains (losses), net	32,133			(6,205		)
Total non-hedging derivatives		$	16,497		$	13,197			$	(20,553	)	$	(5,255	)

		Gain (Loss) for the six months ended June 30,							Gain (Loss) for the nine months ended September 30,
Type of Non-hedging Derivative	Income Statement Location of Gain (Loss)	2018			2017			Income Statement Location of Gain (Loss)	2018			2017
Interest rate swaps	Investment related gains (losses), net	$	(35,171	)	$	11,677		Investment related gains (losses), net	$	(47,399	)	$	12,318
Financial futures	Investment related gains (losses), net	(768		)	(19,217		)	Investment related gains (losses), net	(7,312		)	(28,107		)
Foreign currency forwards	Investment related gains (losses), net	61			553			Investment related gains (losses), net	3			577
CPI swaps	Investment related gains (losses), net	3,227			(9		)	Investment related gains (losses), net	(996		)	211
Credit default swaps	Investment related gains (losses), net	682			11,237			Investment related gains (losses), net	5,371			15,374
Equity options	Investment related gains (losses), net	(5,414		)	(26,462		)	Investment related gains (losses), net	(15,207		)	(34,757		)
Longevity swaps	Other revenues	4,557			3,847			Other revenues	6,983			7,180
Mortality swaps	Other revenues	(799		)	(790		)	Other revenues	(326		)	(921		)
Subtotal		(33,625		)	(19,164		)		(58,883		)	(28,125		)
Embedded derivatives in:
Modified coinsurance or funds withheld arrangements	Investment related gains (losses), net	22,416			83,810			Investment related gains (losses), net	20,335			106,854
Indexed annuity products	Interest credited	31,870			(22,357		)	Interest credited	6,523			(35,490		)
Variable annuity products	Investment related gains (losses), net	30,109			22,723			Investment related gains (losses), net	62,242			16,518
Total non-hedging derivatives		$	50,770		$	65,012			$	30,217		$	59,757

Types of Derivatives Used by the Company

Interest Rate Swaps

Interest rate swaps are used by the Company primarily to reduce market risks from changes in interest rates, to alter interest rate exposure arising from mismatches between assets and liabilities (duration mismatches) and to manage the risk of cash flows of liabilities that are variable based on a benchmark rate. With an interest rate swap, the Company agrees with another party to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between two rates, which can be either fixed-rate or floating-rate interest amounts, tied to an agreed-upon notional principal amount. These transactions are executed pursuant to master agreements that provide for a single net payment or individual gross payments at each due date. The Company utilizes interest rate swaps in cash flow and non-qualifying hedging relationships.

Financial Futures

Exchange-traded futures are used primarily to economically hedge liabilities embedded in certain variable annuity products. With exchange-traded futures transactions, the Company agrees to purchase or sell a specified number of contracts, the value of which is determined by the relevant indices, and to post variation margin on a daily basis in an amount equal to the difference between the daily estimated fair values of those contracts. The Company enters into exchange-traded futures with regulated futures commission merchants that are members of the exchange.

Table of Contents

Equity Options

Equity index options are used by the Company primarily to hedge minimum guarantees embedded in certain variable annuity products. To hedge against adverse changes in equity indices volatility, the Company buys put options. The contracts are net settled in cash based on differentials in the indices at the time of exercise and the strike price.

Consumer Price Index Swaps

Consumer price index (“CPI”) swaps are used by the Company primarily to economically hedge liabilities embedded in certain insurance products where value is directly affected by changes in a designated benchmark consumer price index. With a CPI swap transaction, the Company agrees with another party to exchange the actual amount of inflation realized over a specified period of time for a fixed amount of inflation determined at inception. These transactions are executed pursuant to master agreements that provide for a single net payment or individual gross payments to be made by the counterparty at each due date. Most of these swaps will require a single payment to be made by one counterparty at the maturity date of the swap.

Foreign Currency Swaps

Foreign currency swaps are used by the Company to reduce the risk from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates associated with its assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. With a foreign currency swap transaction, the Company agrees with another party to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between one currency and another at a forward exchange rate calculated by reference to an agreed upon principal amount. The principal amount of each currency is exchanged at the termination of the currency swap by each party. The Company uses foreign currency swaps in hedges of net investments in foreign operations and non-qualifying hedge relationships.

Foreign Currency Forwards

Foreign currency forwards are used by the Company to reduce the risk from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates associated with its assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. With a foreign currency forward transaction, the Company agrees with another party to deliver a specified amount of an identified currency at a specified future date. The price is agreed upon at the time of the contract and payment for such a contract is made in a different currency at the specified future date. The Company uses foreign currency forwards in hedges of net investments in foreign operations and non-qualifying hedge relationships.

Forward Bond Purchase Commitments

Forward bond purchase commitments have been used by the Company to hedge against the variability in the anticipated cash flows required to purchase securities. With forward bond purchase commitments, the forward price is agreed upon at the time of the contract and payment for such contract is made at the future specified settlement date of the securities.

Credit Default Swaps

The Company sells protection under single name credit default swaps and credit default swap index tranches to diversify its credit risk exposure in certain portfolios and, in combination with purchasing securities, to replicate characteristics of similar investments based on the credit quality and term of the credit default swap. Credit default triggers for indexed reference entities and single name reference entities are defined in the contracts. The Company’s maximum exposure to credit loss equals the notional value for credit default swaps. In the event of default of a referencing entity, the Company is typically required to pay the protection holder the full notional value less a recovery amount determined at auction.

Table of Contents

The following table presents the estimated fair value, maximum amount of future payments and weighted average years to maturity of credit default swaps sold by the Company at ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):


	June 30, 2018						December 31, 2017						September 30, 2018						December 31, 2017
Rating Agency Designation of Referenced Credit Obligations⁽¹⁾	Estimated Fair Value of Credit Default Swaps			Maximum Amount of Future Payments under Credit Default Swaps⁽²⁾		Weighted Average Years to Maturity⁽³⁾	Estimated Fair Value of Credit Default Swaps			Maximum Amount of Future Payments under Credit Default Swaps⁽²⁾		Weighted Average Years to Maturity⁽³⁾	Estimated Fair Value of Credit Default Swaps			Maximum Amount of Future Payments under Credit Default Swaps⁽²⁾		Weighted Average Years to Maturity⁽³⁾	Estimated Fair Value of Credit Default Swaps			Maximum Amount of Future Payments under Credit Default Swaps⁽²⁾		Weighted Average Years to Maturity⁽³⁾
AAA/AA+/AA/AA-/A+/A/A-
Single name credit default swaps	$	2,574		$	152,000	2.7	$	3,128		$	162,000	2.9	$	2,470		$	152,000	2.5	$	3,128		$	162,000	2.9
Subtotal	2,574			152,000		2.7	3,128			162,000		2.9	2,470			152,000		2.5	3,128			162,000		2.9
BBB+/BBB/BBB-
Single name credit default swaps	4,092			338,700		2.6	4,469			361,700		2.9	4,220			343,700		2.4	4,469			361,700		2.9
Credit default swaps referencing indices	(59		)	422,600		3.5	(55		)	422,600		4.0	(80		)	642,600		3.4	(55		)	422,600		4.0
Subtotal	4,033			761,300		3.1	4,414			784,300		3.5	4,140			986,300		3.1	4,414			784,300		3.5
BB+/BB/BB-
Single name credit default swaps	(4		)	15,000		1.2	30			5,000		1.5	32			15,000		1.0	30			5,000		1.5
Subtotal	(4		)	15,000		1.2	30			5,000		1.5	32			15,000		1.0	30			5,000		1.5
Total	$	6,603		$	928,300	3.0	$	7,572		$	951,300	3.4	$	6,642		$	1,153,300	3.0	$	7,572		$	951,300	3.4


(1)	The rating agency designations are based on ratings from Standard and Poor’s (“S&P”).


(2)	Assumes the value of the referenced credit obligations is zero.


(3)	The weighted average years to maturity of the credit default swaps is calculated based on weighted average notional amounts.

The Company also purchases credit default swaps to reduce its risk against a drop in bond prices due to credit concerns of certain bond issuers. If a credit event, as defined by the contract, occurs, the Company is able to put the bond back to the counterparty at par.

Longevity Swaps

The Company enters into longevity swaps in the form of out-of-the-money options, which provide protection against changes in mortality improvement to retirement plans and insurers of such plans. With a longevity swap transaction, the Company agrees with another party to exchange a proportion of a notional value. The proportion is determined by the difference between a predefined benefit, and the realized benefit plus the future expected benefit, calculated by reference to a population index for a fixed premium.

Mortality Swaps

Mortality swaps are used by the Company to hedge risk from changes in mortality experience associated with its reinsurance of life insurance risk. The Company agrees with another party to exchange, at specified intervals, a proportion of a notional value determined by the difference between a predefined expected and realized claim amount on a designated index of reinsured lives, for a fixed percentage (premium) each term.

Synthetic Guaranteed Investment Contracts

The Company sells fee-based synthetic guaranteed investment contracts to retirement plans which include investment-only, stable value contracts. The assets are owned by the trustees of such plans, who invest the assets under the terms of investment guidelines to which the Company agrees. The contracts contain a guarantee of a minimum rate of return on participant balances supported by the underlying assets, and a guarantee of liquidity to meet certain participant-initiated plan cash flow requirements. These contracts are reported as derivatives and recorded at fair value.

Embedded Derivatives

The Company has certain embedded derivatives which are required to be separated from their host contracts and reported as derivatives. Host contracts include reinsurance treaties structured on a modified coinsurance (“modco”) or funds withheld basis. Additionally, the Company reinsures equity-indexed annuity and variable annuity contracts with benefits that are considered embedded derivatives, including guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits, guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits, and guaranteed minimum income benefits. The changes in fair values of embedded derivatives on equity-indexed annuities described below relate to changes in the fair value associated with capital market and other related assumptions. The Company’s utilization of a credit valuation adjustment (“CVA”) did not have a material effect on the change in fair value of its embedded derivatives for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017.

The related gains (losses) and the effect on net income after amortization of deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”) and income taxes for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017 are reflected in the following table (dollars in thousands):

Table of Contents


	Three months ended June 30,					Six months ended June 30,					Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2018		2017			2018		2017			2018			2017			2018			2017
Embedded derivatives in modco or funds withheld arrangements included in investment related gains	$	8,805	$	15,108		$	22,416	$	83,810		$	(2,081	)	$	23,044		$	20,335		$	106,854
After the associated amortization of DAC and taxes, the related amounts included in net income	5,987		2,941			12,836		28,785			(1,320		)	7,515			11,517			36,300
Embedded derivatives in variable annuity contracts included in investment related gains	15,324		360			30,109		22,723			32,133			(6,205		)	62,242			16,518
After the associated amortization of DAC and taxes, the related amounts included in net income	12,472		3,023			23,598		31,859			9,463			(1,074		)	33,061			30,785
Amounts related to embedded derivatives in equity-indexed annuities included in benefits and expenses	6,519		(5,955		)	31,870		(22,357		)	(25,347		)	(13,133		)	6,523			(35,490		)
After the associated amortization of DAC and taxes, the related amounts included in net income	3,966		(6,925		)	10,503		(28,322		)	(17,311		)	(9,737		)	(6,808		)	(38,059		)

Credit Risk

The Company manages its credit risk related to over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives by entering into transactions with creditworthy counterparties, maintaining collateral arrangements and through the use of master netting agreements that provide for a single net payment to be made by one counterparty to another at each due date and upon termination.

The credit exposure of the Company’s OTC derivative transactions is represented by the contracts with a positive fair value (market value) at the reporting date. To reduce credit exposures, the Company seeks to (i) enter into OTC derivative transactions pursuant to master netting agreements that provide for a netting of payments and receipts with a single counterparty, and (ii) enter into agreements that allow the use of credit support annexes, which are bilateral rating-sensitive agreements that require collateral postings at established threshold levels. Certain of the Company’s OTC derivatives are cleared derivatives, which are bilateral transactions between the Company and a counterparty where the transactions are cleared through a clearinghouse, such that each derivative counterparty is only exposed to the default of the clearinghouse. These cleared transactions require initial and daily variation margin collateral postings and include certain interest rate swaps and credit default swaps entered into on or after June 10, 2013, related to guidelines implemented under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. In 2017, the Company followed the Chicago Mercantile Exchange amended rulebook to legally characterize variation margin payments as settlements of the derivative’s mark-to-market exposure and not collateral. Also, the Company enters into exchange-traded futures through regulated exchanges and these transactions are settled on a daily basis, thereby reducing credit risk exposure in the event of non-performance by counterparties to such financial instruments.

The Company enters into various collateral arrangements, which require both the posting and accepting of collateral in connection with its derivative instruments. Collateral agreements contain attachment thresholds that may vary depending on the posting party’s ratings. Additionally, a decline in the Company’s or the counterparty’s credit ratings to specified levels could result in potential settlement of the derivative positions under the Company’s agreements with its counterparties. The Company also has exchange-traded futures, which require the maintenance of a margin account. As exchange-traded futures are affected through regulated exchanges, and positions are marked to market on a daily basis, the Company has minimal exposure to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties.

The Company’s credit exposure related to derivative contracts is generally limited to the fair value at the reporting date plus or minus any collateral posted or held by the Company. The Company’s credit exposure to mortality swaps is minimal, as they are fully collateralized by a counterparty. Information regarding the Company’s credit exposure related to its over-the-counter derivative contracts, centrally cleared derivative contracts and margin account for exchange-traded futures, excluding mortality swaps, at ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are reflected in the following table (dollars in thousands):


	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017			September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Estimated fair value of derivatives in net asset position	$	172,997		$	155,714		$	133,590		$	155,714
Cash provided as collateral⁽¹⁾	9,030			22,221			13,400			22,221
Securities pledged to counterparties as collateral⁽²⁾	57,302			58,156			61,293			58,156
Cash pledged from counterparties as collateral⁽³⁾	(194,067		)	(185,900		)	(159,194		)	(185,900		)
Securities pledged from counterparties as collateral⁽⁴⁾	—			(862		)	—			(862		)
Initial margin for cleared derivatives⁽²⁾	(57,302		)	(58,156		)	(61,293		)	(58,156		)
Net amount after application of master netting agreements and collateral	$	(12,040	)	$	(8,827	)	$	(12,204	)	$	(8,827	)
Margin account related to exchange-traded futures⁽⁵⁾	$	8,331		$	6,538		$	8,348		$	6,538


(1)	Consists of receivable from counterparty, included in other assets.


(2)	Included in available-for-sale securities, primarily consists of U.S. Treasury and government agency securities.


(3)	Included in cash and cash equivalents, with obligation to return cash collateral recorded in other liabilities.


(4)	Consists of U.S. Treasury and government securities.


(5)	Included in other assets.

Table of Contents

6. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

Fair Value Measurement

General accounting principles for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures define fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. These principles also establish a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value and describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. The Company’s Level 1 assets and liabilities are traded in active exchange markets.

Level 2 - Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or market standard valuation techniques and assumptions that use significant inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the related assets or liabilities. Prices are determined using valuation methodologies such as discounted cash flow models and other similar techniques that require management’s judgment or estimation in developing inputs that are consistent with those other market participants would use when pricing similar assets and liabilities. Additionally, the Company’s embedded derivatives, all of which are associated with reinsurance treaties and longevity and mortality swaps, are classified in Level 3 since their values include significant unobservable inputs.

For a discussion of the Company’s valuation methodologies for assets and liabilities measured at fair value and the fair value hierarchy, see Note 6 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report.

Table of Contents

Assets and Liabilities by Hierarchy Level

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are summarized below (dollars in thousands):


June 30, 2018:				Fair Value Measurements Using:
September 30, 2018:														Fair Value Measurements Using:
	Total			Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total			Level 1		Level 2			Level 3
Assets:
Fixed maturity securities – available-for-sale:
Corporate	$	22,503,507		$	—	$	21,136,353		$	1,367,154	$	24,449,498		$	—	$	23,193,563		$	1,255,935
Canadian government	4,062,843			—		3,490,145			572,698		4,036,750			—		3,488,008			548,742
RMBS	1,821,214			—		1,766,375			54,839		1,780,762			—		1,780,762			—
ABS	1,708,824			—		1,638,138			70,686		1,863,017			—		1,780,250			82,767
CMBS	1,242,509			—		1,240,642			1,867		1,273,534			—		1,271,752			1,782
U.S. government	1,525,150			1,405,485		98,930			20,735		1,412,409			1,284,932		107,225			20,252
State and political subdivisions	737,044			—		720,539			16,505		911,991			—		898,346			13,645
Other foreign government	3,183,863			—		3,178,819			5,044		3,277,251			—		3,272,239			5,012
Total fixed maturity securities – available-for-sale	36,784,954			1,405,485		33,269,941			2,109,528		39,005,212			1,284,932		35,792,145			1,928,135
Equity securities	108,070			65,133		—			42,937		101,069			57,584		—			43,485
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivatives	144,610			—		—			144,610		142,529			—		—			142,529
Cash equivalents	424,601			409,242		15,359			—		657,280			657,280		—			—
Short-term investments	82,521			991		78,313			3,217		186,051			5,957		177,891			2,203
Other invested assets:
Derivatives:
Interest rate swaps	36,170			—		36,170			—		29,106			—		29,106			—
Foreign currency forwards	18,428			—		18,428			—		6,881			—		6,881			—
CPI swaps	(42		)	—		(42		)	—		(13		)	—		(13		)	—
Credit default swaps	5,927			—		5,927			—		5,961			—		5,961			—
Equity options	21,136			—		21,136			—		16,818			—		16,818			—
Foreign currency swaps	55,696			—		55,696			—		42,371			—		42,371			—
FVO contractholder-directed unit-linked investments	212,202			211,141		1,061			—		212,315			211,253		1,062			—
Total other invested assets	349,517			211,141		138,376			—		313,439			211,253		102,186			—
Other assets - longevity swaps	43,971			—		—			43,971		46,090			—		—			46,090
Total	$	37,938,244		$	2,091,992	$	33,501,989		$	2,344,263	$	40,451,670		$	2,217,006	$	36,072,222		$	2,162,442
Liabilities:
Interest sensitive contract liabilities – embedded derivatives	$	928,797		$	—	$	—		$	928,797	$	906,199		$	—	$	—		$	906,199
Other liabilities:
Derivatives:
Interest rate swaps	14,740			—		14,740			—		14,166			—		14,166			—
Foreign currency forwards	8			—		8			—
CPI swaps	(969		)	—		(969		)	—		2,696			—		2,696			—
Credit default swaps	(676		)	—		(676		)	—		(684		)	—		(684		)	—
Equity options	(4,814		)	—		(4,814		)	—		(2,554		)	—		(2,554		)	—
Mortality swaps	782			—		—			782		308			—		—			308
Total	$	937,868		$	—	$	8,289		$	929,579	$	920,131		$	—	$	13,624		$	906,507

Table of Contents



December 31, 2017:				Fair Value Measurements Using:
	Total			Level 1		Level 2			Level 3
Assets:
Fixed maturity securities – available-for-sale:
Corporate	$	23,210,968		$	—	$	21,873,696		$	1,337,272
Canadian government	4,220,076			—		3,626,134			593,942
RMBS	1,719,880			—		1,611,998			107,882
ABS	1,648,362			—		1,524,888			123,474
CMBS	1,303,387			—		1,300,153			3,234
U.S. government	1,943,592			1,818,006		103,075			22,511
State and political subdivisions	703,428			—		662,225			41,203
Other foreign government	3,401,127			—		3,396,035			5,092
Total fixed maturity securities – available-for-sale	38,150,820			1,818,006		34,098,204			2,234,610
Equity securities:
Non-redeemable preferred stock	39,806			39,806		—			—
Other equity securities	60,346			60,346		—			—
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivatives	122,194			—		—			122,194
Cash equivalents	356,788			354,071		2,717			—
Short-term investments	50,746			—		47,650			3,096
Other invested assets:
Derivatives:
Interest rate swaps	51,359			—		51,359			—
Foreign currency forwards	730			—		730			—
CPI swaps	(221		)	—		(221		)	—
Credit default swaps	5,908			—		5,908			—
Equity options	16,932			—		16,932			—
Foreign currency swaps	62,905			—		62,905			—
FVO contractholder-directed unit-linked investments	218,541			217,618		923			—
Total other invested assets	356,154			217,618		138,536			—
Other assets - longevity swaps	40,659			—		—			40,659
Total	$	39,177,513		$	2,489,847	$	34,287,107		$	2,400,559
Liabilities:
Interest sensitive contract liabilities – embedded derivatives	$	1,014,228		$	—	$	—		$	1,014,228
Other liabilities:
Derivatives:
Interest rate swaps	14,311			—		14,311			—
Foreign currency forwards	7,213			—		7,213			—
CPI swaps	1,939			—		1,939			—
Credit default swaps	(760		)	—		(760		)	—
Equity options	(6,339		)	—		(6,339		)	—
Foreign currency swaps	6,194			—		6,194			—
Mortality swaps	1,683			—		—			1,683
Total	$	1,038,469		$	—	$	22,558		$	1,015,911

Table of Contents

Transfers between Levels 1 and 2

Transfers between Levels 1 and 2 are made to reflect changes in observability of inputs and market activity. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018. The Company recognizes transfers of assets and liabilities into and out of levels within the fair value hierarchy at the beginning of the quarter in which the actual event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer occurs. The following tables present the transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2017 (dollars in thousands):


	2017				2017
	Transfers from Level 1 to Level 2		Transfers from Level 2 to Level 1		Transfers from Level 1 to Level 2		Transfers from Level 2 to Level 1
Three months ended June 30:
Three months ended September 30:
Fixed maturity securities - available-for-sale:
Corporate securities	$	—	$	49,999	$	—	$	—

Six months ended June 30:
Nine months ended September 30:
Fixed maturity securities - available-for-sale:
Corporate securities	$	—	$	88,674	$	—	$	88,674

Table of Contents

Quantitative Information Regarding Internally - Priced Level 3 Assets and Liabilities

The following table presents quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements that are developed internally by the Company as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):


	Estimated Fair Value				Valuation Technique		Unobservable Inputs		Range (Weighted Average)					Estimated Fair Value							Valuation Technique		Unobservable Inputs		Range (Weighted Average)
	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017				Unobservable Inputs	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017					September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Assets:
Corporate	$	571,750	$	173,579	Valuation Technique	Market comparable securities		Liquidity premium		0-2% (1%)			0-2% (1%)		$	630,328			$	173,579	Valuation Technique		Unobservable Inputs	Market comparable securities		Liquidity premium	0-5% (1%)		0-2% (1%)
							EBITDA Multiple		5.9x-7.5x (6.9x)			—											EBITDA Multiple		5.9x-7.5x (6.9x)		—
ABS														64,475				—			Market comparable securities		Liquidity premium		0-1% (1%)		—
U.S. government	20,735		22,511		Market comparable securities		Liquidity premium		0-1% (1%)			0-1% (1%)		20,252				22,511			Market comparable securities		Liquidity premium		0-1% (1%)		0-1% (1%)
State and political subdivisions	4,361		4,616		Market comparable securities		Liquidity premium		1	%		1	%	—				4,616			Market comparable securities		Liquidity premium		—		1	%
Other foreign government	5,044		—		Market comparable securities		Liquidity premium		1	%		—		5,012				—			Market comparable securities		Liquidity premium		1	%	—
Equity securities	23,856		—		Market comparable securities		Liquidity premium		1	%		—		33,074				—			Market comparable securities		Liquidity premium		4	%	—
																							EBITDA Multiple		6.9x-12.3x (7.9x)		—
							EBITDA Multiple		6.9x-13.1x (7.9x)			—									Discounted cash flow		Discount rate		20	%
Funds withheld at interest- embedded derivatives	144,610		122,194		Total return swap		Mortality		0-100% (2%)			0-100% (2%)		142,529				122,194			Total return swap		Mortality		0-100% (2%)		0-100% (2%)
							Lapse		0-35% (9%)			0-35% (9%)											Lapse		0-35% (9%)		0-35% (9%)
							Withdrawal		0-5% (3%)			0-5% (3%)											Withdrawal		0-5% (3%)		0-5% (3%)
							CVA		0-5% (1%)			0-5% (1%)											CVA		0-5% (1%)		0-5% (1%)
							Crediting rate		2-4% (2%)			2-4% (2%)											Crediting rate		2-4% (2%)		2-4% (2%)
Longevity swaps	43,971		40,659		Discounted cash flow		Mortality		0-100% (2%)			0-100% (2%)		46,090				40,659			Discounted cash flow		Mortality		0-100% (2%)		0-100% (2%)
							Mortality improvement		(10%)-10% (3%)			(10%)-10% (3%)											Mortality improvement		(10%)-10% (3%)		(10%)-10% (3%)
Liabilities:
Interest sensitive contract liabilities- embedded derivatives- indexed annuities	806,436		861,758		Discounted cash flow		Mortality		0-100% (2%)			0-100% (2%)		815,970				861,758			Discounted cash flow		Mortality		0-100% (2%)		0-100% (2%)
							Lapse		0-35% (9%)			0-35% (9%)											Lapse		0-35% (9%)		0-35% (9%)
							Withdrawal		0-5% (3%)			0-5% (3%)											Withdrawal		0-5% (3%)		0-5% (3%)
							Option budget projection		2-4% (2%)			2-4% (2%)											Option budget projection		2-4% (2%)		2-4% (2%)
Interest sensitive contract liabilities- embedded derivatives- variable annuities	122,361		152,470		Discounted cash flow		Mortality		0-100% (1%)			0-100% (1%)		90,229				152,470			Discounted cash flow		Mortality		0-100% (1%)		0-100% (1%)
							Lapse		0-25% (5%)			0-25% (5%)											Lapse		0-25% (5%)		0-25% (5%)
							Withdrawal		0-7% (4%)			0-7% (3%)											Withdrawal		0-7% (4%)		0-7% (3%)
							CVA		0-5% (1%)			0-5% (1%)											CVA		0-5% (1%)		0-5% (1%)
							Long-term volatility		0-27% (14%)			0-27% (8%)											Long-term volatility		0-27% (13%)		0-27% (8%)
Mortality swaps	782		1,683		Discounted cash flow		Mortality		0-100% (1%)			0-100% (1%)		308				1,683			Discounted cash flow		Mortality		0-100% (1%)		0-100% (1%)

Table of Contents

Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities

Assets and liabilities transferred into Level 3 are due to a lack of observable market transactions and price information. Assets and liabilities are transferred out of Level 3 when circumstances change such that significant inputs can be corroborated with market observable data. This may be due to a significant increase in market activity for the asset or liability, a specific event, one or more significant input(s) becoming observable. Transfers out of Level 3 were primarily the result of the Company obtaining observable pricing information or a third party pricing quotation that appropriately reflects the fair value of those assets and liabilities. ~~In addition, certain transfers out of Level 3 were also due to ratings upgrades on mortgage-backed securities that had previously had below investment-grade ratings.~~ The Company also transferred equity securities with a fair value of approximately $38.9 million into Level 3 as a result of the adoption of the new accounting guidance for the recognition and measurement of equity securities.

For further information on the Company’s valuation processes, see Note 6 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report.

The reconciliations for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) are as follows (dollars in thousands):


For the three months ended June 30, 2018:	Fixed maturity securities - available-for-sale
For the three months ended September 30, 2018:													Fixed maturity securities - available-for-sale
	Corporate			Canadian government			RMBS			ABS			Corporate			Canadian government			RMBS			ABS
Fair value, beginning of period	$	1,299,264		$	572,747		$	120,614		$	130,706		$	1,367,154		$	572,698		$	54,839		$	70,686
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	(305		)	3,468			(43		)	76			(156		)	3,520			3			20
Investment related gains (losses), net	(3,141		)	—			312			1,282			239			—			—			626
Included in other comprehensive income	2,178			(3,517		)	(671		)	(1,544		)	(4,858		)	(27,476		)	(1		)	(130		)
Purchases⁽¹⁾	155,498			—			24,412			—			123,808			—			—			11,099
Sales⁽¹⁾	(11,089		)	—			(4,961		)	—			(62,047		)	—			—			(462		)
Settlements⁽¹⁾	(68,328		)	—			(1,572		)	(19,544		)	(101,868		)	—			(3		)	(24,166		)
Transfers into Level 3	—			—			3,031			4,968			2,782			—			—			64,009
Transfers out of Level 3	(6,923		)	—			(86,283		)	(45,258		)	(69,119		)	—			(54,838		)	(38,915		)
Fair value, end of period	$	1,367,154		$	572,698		$	54,839		$	70,686		$	1,255,935		$	548,742		$	—		$	82,767
Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	$	(304	)	$	3,468		$	(13	)	$	68		$	(180	)	$	3,520		$	—		$	13
Investment related gains (losses), net	(3,141		)	—			—			—			(1,430		)	—			—			—


For the three months ended June 30, 2018 (continued):	Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale
For the three months ended September 30, 2018 (continued):												Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale
	CMBS			U.S. government			State and political subdivisions			Other foreign government		CMBS			U.S. government			State and political subdivisions			Other foreign government
Fair value, beginning of period	$	1,884		$	21,053		$	41,876		$	5,004	$	1,867		$	20,735		$	16,505		$	5,044
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	—			(107		)	(10		)	—		—			(107		)	6			—
Included in other comprehensive income	(16		)	(173		)	(110		)	40		7			(122		)	(544		)	(32		)
Purchases⁽¹⁾	—			118			—			—		—			120			—			—
Settlements⁽¹⁾	(2		)	(156		)	(86		)	—		(1		)	(374		)	(37		)	—
Transfers into Level 3												1,752			—			9,859			—
Transfers out of Level 3	1			—			(25,165		)	—		(1,843		)	—			(12,144		)	—
Fair value, end of period	$	1,867		$	20,735		$	16,505		$	5,044	$	1,782		$	20,252		$	13,645		$	5,012
Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	$	—		$	(108	)	$	(11	)	$	—	$	—		$	(107	)	$	6		$	—

Table of Contents


For the three months ended June 30, 2018 (continued):	Equity securities			Funds withheld at interest- embedded derivatives		Short-term Investments			Other assets - longevity swaps			Interest sensitive contract liabilities embedded derivatives			Other liabilities - mortality swaps
For the three months ended September 30, 2018 (continued):																		Equity securities			Funds withheld at interest- embedded derivatives			Short-term Investments			Other assets - longevity swaps			Interest sensitive contract liabilities embedded derivatives			Other liabilities - mortality swaps
Fair value, beginning of period	$	36,152		$	135,805	$	3,217		$	44,011		$	(964,794	)	$	(1,683	)	$	42,937		$	144,610		$	3,217		$	43,971		$	(928,797	)	$	(782	)
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	—			—		—			—			—			—
Investment related gains (losses), net	(4,922		)	8,805		—			—			15,324			—			5,532			(2,081		)	—			—			32,133			—
Claims & other policy benefits	—			—		—			—			—			—
Interest credited	—			—		—			—			6,519			—			—			—			—			—			(25,348		)	—
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	—			—		—			—			—			—
Included in other comprehensive income	—			—		(21		)	(2,329		)	—			—			—			—			47			(307		)	—			1
Other revenues	—			—		—			2,289			—			(799		)	—			—			—			2,426			—			473
Purchases⁽¹⁾	12,248			—		335			—			(4,205		)	—			863			—			1,721			—			(4,231		)	—
Sales⁽¹⁾	(541		)	—		—			—			—			—			(5,847		)	—			—			—			—			—
Settlements⁽¹⁾	—			—		(314		)	—			18,359			1,700			—			—			—			—			20,044			—
Transfers into Level 3	—			—		—			—			—			—
Transfers out of Level 3	—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			(2,782		)	—			—			—
Fair value, end of period	$	42,937		$	144,610	$	3,217		$	43,971		$	(928,797	)	$	(782	)	$	43,485		$	142,529		$	2,203		$	46,090		$	(906,199	)	$	(308	)
Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Investment related gains (losses), net	$	(5,000	)	$	8,805	$	—		$	—		$	13,474		$	—		$	2,178		$	(2,081	)	$	—		$	—		$	30,433		$	—
Other revenues	—			—		—			2,289			—			(799		)	—			—			—			2,426			—			473
Interest credited	—			—		—			—			(11,839		)	—			—			—			—			—			(45,393		)	—


For the six months ended June 30, 2018:	Fixed maturity securities - available-for-sale
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018:													Fixed maturity securities - available-for-sale
	Corporate			Canadian government			RMBS			ABS			Corporate			Canadian government			RMBS			ABS
Fair value, beginning of period	$	1,337,272		$	593,942		$	107,882		$	123,474		$	1,337,272		$	593,942		$	107,882		$	123,474
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	(666		)	6,912			(135		)	182			(822		)	10,432			(132		)	202
Investment related gains (losses), net	(3,141		)	—			312			1,284			(2,902		)	—			312			1,910
Included in other comprehensive income	(30,674		)	(28,156		)	(1,781		)	(691		)	(35,532		)	(55,632		)	(1,782		)	(821		)
Purchases⁽¹⁾	255,668			—			45,328			11,000			379,476			—			45,328			22,099
Sales⁽¹⁾	(17,269		)	—			(4,961		)	—			(79,316		)	—			(4,961		)	(462		)
Settlements⁽¹⁾	(143,474		)	—			(4,535		)	(22,283		)	(245,342		)	—			(4,538		)	(46,449		)
Transfers into Level 3	7,166			—			3,031			4,968			9,948			—			3,031			68,977
Transfers out of Level 3	(37,728		)	—			(90,302		)	(47,248		)	(106,847		)	—			(145,140		)	(86,163		)
Fair value, end of period	$	1,367,154		$	572,698		$	54,839		$	70,686		$	1,255,935		$	548,742		$	—		$	82,767
Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	$	(665	)	$	6,912		$	(105	)	$	174		$	(845	)	$	10,432		$	—		$	187
Investment related gains (losses), net	(3,141		)	—			—			—			(4,571		)	—			—			—



For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (continued):	Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale
	CMBS			U.S. government			State and political subdivisions			Other foreign government
Fair value, beginning of period	$	3,234		$	22,511		$	41,203		$	5,092
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	—			(324		)	4			—
Included in other comprehensive income	(56		)	(635		)	46			(80		)
Purchases⁽¹⁾	—			334			—			—
Settlements⁽¹⁾	(4		)	(1,634		)	(158		)	—
Transfers into Level 3	1,752			—			9,859			—
Transfers out of Level 3	(3,144		)	—			(37,309		)	—
Fair value, end of period	$	1,782		$	20,252		$	13,645		$	5,012
Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	$	—		$	(325	)	$	3		$	—

Table of Contents

For the six months ended June 30, 2018 (continued): Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale
CMBS U.S. government State
and political
subdivisions Other foreign government
Fair value, beginning of period $ 3,234
$ 22,511
$ 41,203
$ 5,092
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)

Included in earnings, net:

Investment income, net of related expenses —
(217 ) (2 ) —
Included in other comprehensive income (63 ) (513 ) 590
(48 )
Purchases⁽¹⁾
—
214
—
—
Settlements⁽¹⁾
(3 ) (1,260 ) (121 ) —
Transfers out of Level 3 (1,301 ) —
(25,165 ) —
Fair value, end of period $ 1,867
$ 20,735
$ 16,505
$ 5,044
Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses $ —
$ (218 ) $ (3 ) $ —


For the six months ended June 30, 2018 (continued):	Equity securities			Funds withheld at interest- embedded derivatives		Short-term Investments			Other assets - longevity swaps			Interest sensitive contract liabilities embedded derivatives			Other liabilities - mortality swaps
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (continued):																		Equity securities			Funds withheld at interest- embedded derivatives		Short-term Investments			Other assets - longevity swaps			Interest sensitive contract liabilities embedded derivatives			Other liabilities - mortality swaps
Fair value, beginning of period	$	—		$	122,194	$	3,096		$	40,659		$	(1,014,228	)	$	(1,683	)	$	—		$	122,194	$	3,096		$	40,659		$	(1,014,228	)	$	(1,683	)
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Investment related gains (losses), net	(7,599		)	22,416		—			—			30,109			—			(2,067		)	20,335		—			—			62,242			—
Interest credited	—			—		—			—			31,870			—			—			—		—			—			6,523			—
Included in other comprehensive income	—			—		(46		)	(1,245		)	—			—			—			—		1			(1,552		)	—			1
Other revenues	—			—		—			4,557			—			(799		)	—			—		—			6,983			—			(326		)
Purchases⁽¹⁾	12,248			—		481			—			(12,713		)	—			13,111			—		2,202			—			(16,946		)	—
Sales⁽¹⁾	(569		)	—		—			—			—			—			(6,416		)	—		—			—			—			—
Settlements⁽¹⁾	(48		)	—		(314		)	—			36,165			1,700			(48		)	—		(314		)	—			56,210			1,700
Transfers into Level 3	38,905			—		—			—			—			—			38,905			—		—			—			—			—
Transfers out of Level 3																		—			—		(2,782		)	—			—			—
Fair value, end of period	$	42,937		$	144,610	$	3,217		$	43,971		$	(928,797	)	$	(782	)	$	43,485		$	142,529	$	2,203		$	46,090		$	(906,199	)	$	(308	)
Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Investment related gains (losses), net	$	(7,705	)	$	22,416	$	—		$	—		$	26,375		$	—		$	(5,527	)	$	20,335	$	—		$	—		$	56,808		$	—
Other revenues	—			—		—			4,557			—			(799		)	—			—		—			6,983			—			(326		)
Interest credited	—			—		—			—			(4,295		)	—			—			—		—			—			(49,688		)	—



For the three months ended September 30, 2017:	Fixed maturity securities - available-for-sale
	Corporate			Canadian government			RMBS			ABS
Fair value, beginning of period	$	1,291,054		$	533,270		$	148,685		$	201,589
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	(383		)	3,460			(30		)	160
Investment related gains (losses), net	396			—			44			—
Included in other comprehensive income	(2,700		)	(11,365		)	104			(101		)
Purchases⁽¹⁾	107,670			—			26,765			—
Sales⁽¹⁾	(26,337		)	—			(3,553		)	—
Settlements⁽¹⁾	(88,551		)	—			(3,645		)	(15,243		)
Transfers into Level 3	3,844			—			15			36,994
Transfers out of Level 3	(12,973		)	—			(50,390		)	(78,202		)
Fair value, end of period	$	1,272,020		$	525,365		$	117,995		$	145,197
Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	$	(394	)	$	3,460		$	(27	)	$	156

Table of Contents


For the three months ended June 30, 2017:	Fixed maturity securities - available-for-sale
For the three months ended September 30, 2017 (continued):												Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale
	Corporate			Canadian government		RMBS			ABS			CMBS			U.S. government			State and political subdivisions			Other foreign government
Fair value, beginning of period	$	1,263,925		$	483,560	$	143,430		$	208,436		$	1,943		$	23,567		$	34,434		$	11,994
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	(396		)	3,201		(29		)	511			—			(116		)	26			(1		)
Investment related gains (losses), net	8,427			—		115			—
Included in other comprehensive income	(4,548		)	46,509		1,962			1,136			5			6			(208		)	(7		)
Purchases⁽¹⁾	104,087			—		29,318			34,366			—			134			—			495
Sales⁽¹⁾	(23,174		)	—		(4,467		)	—
Settlements⁽¹⁾	(74,531		)	—		(4,655		)	(27,569		)	(1		)	(340		)	(35		)	—
Transfers into Level 3	17,264			—		5,423			3,500			—			—			7,295			—
Transfers out of Level 3	—			—		(22,412		)	(18,791		)	—			—			—			(6,853		)
Fair value, end of period	$	1,291,054		$	533,270	$	148,685		$	201,589		$	1,947		$	23,251		$	41,512		$	5,628
Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	$	(396	)	$	3,201	$	(37	)	$	239		$	—		$	(116	)	$	26		$	(1	)
Investment related gains (losses), net	(1,495		)	—		—			—


For the three months ended June 30, 2017 (continued):	Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale
	CMBS			U.S. government			State and political subdivisions			Other foreign government
For the three months ended September 30, 2017 (continued):													Short-term Investments			Funds withheld at interest- embedded derivatives		Other assets - longevity swaps		Interest sensitive contract liabilities embedded derivatives			Other liabilities - mortality swaps
Fair value, beginning of period	$	1,923		$	23,474		$	33,858		$	12,344		$	3,548		$	61,281	$	33,349	$	(974,631	)	$	(1,552	)
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	—			(115		)	(6		)	—
Investment related gains (losses), net													—			23,044		—		(10,047		)	—
Interest credited													—			—		—		(8,335		)	—
Included in other comprehensive income	21			211			823			(12		)	(3		)	—		1,144		—			1
Other revenues													—			—		3,334		—			(132		)
Purchases⁽¹⁾	—			132			—			—			3,164			—		—		(18,736		)	—
Settlements⁽¹⁾	(1		)	(135		)	(241		)	(338		)	(114		)	—		—		21,809			—
Transfers out of Level 3													(3,236		)	—		—		—			—
Fair value, end of period	$	1,943		$	23,567		$	34,434		$	11,994		$	3,359		$	84,325	$	37,827	$	(989,940	)	$	(1,683	)
Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	$	—		$	(115	)	$	(6	)	$	—
Investment related gains (losses), net													$	—		$	23,044	$	—	$	(11,900	)	$	—
Other revenues													—			—		3,334		—			(132		)
Interest credited													—			—		—		(30,145		)	—


For the three months ended June 30, 2017 (continued):	Short-term Investments			Funds withheld at interest- embedded derivatives		Other assets - longevity swaps		Interest sensitive contract liabilities embedded derivatives			Other liabilities - mortality swaps
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017:														Fixed maturity securities - available-for-sale
														Corporate			Canadian government		RMBS			ABS
Fair value, beginning of period	$	3,276		$	46,173	$	29,170	$	(972,930	)	$	(2,857	)	$	1,272,253		$	475,965	$	160,291		$	219,280
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses														(1,202		)	9,731		(304		)	1,689
Investment related gains (losses), net	—			15,108		—		360			—			7,592			—		524			—
Interest credited	—			—		—		(5,955		)	—
Included in other comprehensive income	(29		)	—		2,198		—			—			(2,300		)	39,669		2,716			6,802
Other revenues	—			—		1,981		—			(395		)
Purchases⁽¹⁾	324			—		—		(19,533		)	—			257,671			—		72,582			45,215
Sales⁽¹⁾														(49,511		)	—		(18,624		)	—
Settlements⁽¹⁾	(23		)	—		—		23,427			1,700			(234,552		)	—		(15,084		)	(60,966		)
Transfers into Level 3														35,042			—		5,515			75,752
Transfers out of Level 3														(12,973		)	—		(89,621		)	(142,575		)
Fair value, end of period	$	3,548		$	61,281	$	33,349	$	(974,631	)	$	(1,552	)	$	1,272,020		$	525,365	$	117,995		$	145,197
Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses														$	(1,213	)	$	9,731	$	(155	)	$	556
Investment related gains (losses), net	$	—		$	15,108	$	—	$	(1,794	)	$	—		(2,788		)	—		(346		)	—
Other revenues	—			—		1,981		—			(395		)
Interest credited	—			—		—		(29,382		)	—

Table of Contents

For the six months ended June 30, 2017: Fixed maturity securities - available-for-sale
Corporate Canadian government RMBS ABS
Fair value, beginning of period $ 1,272,253
$ 475,965
$ 160,291
$ 219,280
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses (819 ) 6,271
(274 ) 1,529
Investment related gains (losses), net 7,196
—
480
—
Included in other comprehensive income 400
51,034
2,612
6,903
Purchases⁽¹⁾
150,001
—
45,817
45,215
Sales⁽¹⁾
(23,174 ) —
(15,071 ) —
Settlements⁽¹⁾
(146,001 ) —
(11,439 ) (45,723 )
Transfers into Level 3 31,198
—
5,500
38,758
Transfers out of Level 3 —
—
(39,231 ) (64,373 )
Fair value, end of period $ 1,291,054
$ 533,270
$ 148,685
$ 201,589
Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses $ (819 ) $ 6,271
$ (128 ) $ 400
Investment related gains (losses), net (2,788 ) —
(346 ) —

For the six months ended June 30, 2017 (continued): Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale
CMBS U.S. government State
and political
subdivisions Other foreign government
Fair value, beginning of period $ 21,145
$ 24,488
$ 41,666
$ 12,869
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses 709
(232 ) (94 ) —
Investment related gains (losses), net (595 ) —
—
—
Included in other comprehensive income (62 ) 263
(20 ) (203 )
Purchases⁽¹⁾
—
236
—
—
Sales⁽¹⁾
(3,720 ) —
—
—
Settlements⁽¹⁾
(5,402 ) (1,188 ) (274 ) (672 )
Transfers out of Level 3 (10,132 ) —
(6,844 ) —
Fair value, end of period $ 1,943
$ 23,567
$ 34,434
$ 11,994
Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses $ —
$ (232 ) $ (94 ) $ —

~~Table of Contents~~



For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (continued):	Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale
	CMBS			U.S. government			State and political subdivisions			Other foreign government
Fair value, beginning of period	$	21,145		$	24,488		$	41,666		$	12,869
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	709			(348		)	(68		)	(1		)
Investment related gains (losses), net	(595		)	—			—			—
Included in other comprehensive income	(57		)	269			(228		)	(210		)
Purchases⁽¹⁾	—			370			—			495
Sales⁽¹⁾	(3,720		)	—			—			—
Settlements⁽¹⁾	(5,403		)	(1,528		)	(309		)	(672		)
Transfers into Level 3	—			—			7,295			—
Transfers out of Level 3	(10,132		)	—			(6,844		)	(6,853		)
Fair value, end of period	$	1,947		$	23,251		$	41,512		$	5,628
Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	$	—		$	(348	)	$	(68	)	$	(1	)


For the six months ended June 30, 2017 (continued):	Short-term Investments			Funds withheld at interest- embedded derivatives			Other assets - longevity swaps		Interest sensitive contract liabilities embedded derivatives			Other liabilities - mortality swaps
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (continued):															Short-term Investments			Funds withheld at interest- embedded derivatives			Other assets - longevity swaps		Interest sensitive contract liabilities embedded derivatives			Other liabilities - mortality swaps
Fair value, beginning of period	$	3,346		$	(22,529	)	$	26,958	$	(990,308	)	$	(2,462	)	$	3,346		$	(22,529	)	$	26,958	$	(990,308	)	$	(2,462	)
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Investment related gains (losses), net	—			83,810			—		22,723			—			—			106,854			—		9,005			—
Interest credited	—			—			—		(22,357		)	—			—			—			—		(20,408		)	—
Included in other comprehensive income	4			—			2,545		—			—			1			—			3,689		—			1
Other revenues	—			—			3,846		—			(790		)	—			—			7,180		—			(922		)
Purchases⁽¹⁾	356			—			—		(25,927		)	—			3,520			—			—		(51,276		)	—
Settlements⁽¹⁾	(158		)	—			—		41,238			1,700			(272		)	—			—		63,047			1,700
Transfers out of Level 3															(3,236		)	—			—		—			—
Fair value, end of period	$	3,548		$	61,281		$	33,349	$	(974,631	)	$	(1,552	)	$	3,359		$	84,325		$	37,827	$	(989,940	)	$	(1,683	)
Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Investment related gains (losses), net	$	—		$	83,810		$	—	$	18,505		$	—		$	—		$	106,854		$	—	$	2,934		$	—
Other revenues	—			—			3,846		—			(790		)	—			—			7,180		—			(922		)
Interest credited	—			—			—		(63,596		)	—			—			—			—		(83,456		)	—


(1)	The amount reported within purchases, sales and settlements is the purchase price (for purchases) and the sales/settlement proceeds (for sales and settlements) based upon the actual date purchased or sold/settled. Items purchased and sold/settled in the same period are excluded from the rollforward. The Company had no issuances during the period.

Table of Contents

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company did not have any adjustments to its assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that are still held at the reporting date. The following table presents information for assets measured at an estimated fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the ~~2017~~ periods presented and and still held at the reporting date (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). The estimated fair values for these assets were determined using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).


									Carrying Value After Measurement				Net Investment Gains (Losses)
	Carrying Value After Measurement		Net Investment Gains (Losses)						At September 30,				Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	At June 30, 2017		Three months ended June 30, 2017			Six months ended June 30, 2017			2018		2017		2018			2017			2018			2017
Limited partnership interests⁽¹⁾	$	3,690	$	(6,308	)	$	(6,308	)	$	2,246	$	4,656	$	(1,860	)	$	(896	)	$	(1,860	)	$	(7,204	)
Private equities⁽²⁾									—		106		—			(531		)	—			(531		)


(1)	The impaired limited partnership interests presented above were accounted for using the cost method. Impairments on these cost method investments were recognized at estimated fair value determined using the net asset values of the Company’s ownership interest as provided in the financial statements of the investees. The market for these investments has limited activity and price transparency.


(2)	The fair value of the Company’s private equity investments is based on external valuation models.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company is required by general accounting principles for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures to disclose the fair value of certain financial instruments including those that are not carried at fair value. The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments, which were not measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands). For additional information regarding the methods and significant assumptions used by the Company to estimate these fair values, see Note 6 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report. This table excludes any payables or receivables for collateral under repurchase agreements and other transactions. The estimated fair value of the excluded amount approximates carrying value as they equal the amount of cash collateral received/paid.

~~Table of Contents~~


June 30, 2018:	Carrying Value ⁽¹⁾		Estimated Fair Value		Fair Value Measurement Using:
					Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		NAV
September 30, 2018:													Carrying Value ⁽¹⁾		Estimated Fair Value		Fair Value Measurement Using:
																	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		NAV
Assets:
Mortgage loans on real estate	$	4,558,669	$	4,461,317	$	—	$	—	$	4,461,317	$	—	$	4,779,074	$	4,652,481	$	—	$	—	$	4,652,481	$	—
Policy loans	1,339,252		1,339,252		—		1,339,252		—		—		1,320,050		1,320,050		—		1,320,050		—		—
Funds withheld at interest	5,836,373		6,057,217		—		—		6,057,217		—		5,833,925		6,040,671		—		—		6,040,671		—
Cash and cash equivalents	973,078		973,078		973,078		—		—		—		1,073,209		1,073,209		1,073,209		—		—		—
Short-term investments	40,507		40,507		40,507		—		—		—		43,877		43,877		43,877		—		—		—
Other invested assets	757,264		775,322		5,565		71,797		323,142		374,818		842,626		839,280		5,618		71,401		382,284		379,977
Accrued investment income	400,160		400,160		—		400,160		—		—		455,296		455,296		—		455,296		—		—
Liabilities:
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities	$	13,072,239	$	12,972,203	$	—	$	—	$	12,972,203	$	—	$	13,319,348	$	13,113,427	$	—	$	—	$	13,113,427	$	—
Long-term debt	2,788,111		2,868,837		—		—		2,868,837		—		2,787,975		2,850,344		—		—		2,850,344		—
Collateral finance and securitization notes	724,998		666,356		—		—		666,356		—		710,792		652,380		—		—		652,380		—

December 31, 2017:	Carrying Value ⁽¹⁾		Estimated Fair Value		Fair Value Measurement Using:								Carrying Value ⁽¹⁾		Estimated Fair Value		Fair Value Measurement Using:
					Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		NAV						Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		NAV
Assets:
Mortgage loans on real estate	$	4,400,533	$	4,477,654	$	—	$	—	$	4,477,654	$	—	$	4,400,533	$	4,477,654	$	—	$	—	$	4,477,654	$	—
Policy loans	1,357,624		1,357,624		—		1,357,624		—		—		1,357,624		1,357,624		—		1,357,624		—		—
Funds withheld at interest	5,955,092		6,275,623		—		—		6,275,623		—		5,955,092		6,275,623		—		—		6,275,623		—
Cash and cash equivalents	946,736		946,736		946,736		—		—		—		946,736		946,736		946,736		—		—		—
Short-term investments	42,558		42,558		42,558		—		—		—		42,558		42,558		42,558		—		—		—
Other invested assets	651,792		679,377		28,540		67,778		247,934		335,125		651,792		679,377		28,540		67,778		247,934		335,125
Accrued investment income	392,721		392,721		—		392,721		—		—		392,721		392,721		—		392,721		—		—
Liabilities:
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities	$	12,683,872	$	12,917,243	$	—	$	—	$	12,917,243	$	—	$	12,683,872	$	12,917,243	$	—	$	—	$	12,917,243	$	—
Long-term debt	2,788,365		2,959,912		—		—		2,959,912		—		2,788,365		2,959,912		—		—		2,959,912		—
Collateral finance and securitization notes	783,938		722,145		—		—		722,145		—		783,938		722,145		—		—		722,145		—


(1)	Carrying values presented herein may differ from those in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets because certain items within the respective financial statement captions may be measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Table of Contents


7.	Segment Information

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements accompanying the 2017 Annual Report. The Company measures segment performance primarily based on profit or loss from operations before income taxes. There are no intersegment reinsurance transactions and the Company does not have any material long-lived assets.

The Company allocates capital to its segments based on an internally developed economic capital model, the purpose of which is to measure the risk in the business and to provide a basis upon which capital is deployed. The economic capital model considers the unique and specific nature of the risks inherent in the Company’s businesses. As a result of the economic capital allocation process, a portion of investment income is attributed to the segments based on the level of allocated capital. In addition, the segments are charged for excess capital utilized above the allocated economic capital basis. This charge is included in policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses.

The Company has geographic-based and business-based operational segments. Geographic-based operations are further segmented into traditional and financial solutions businesses. Information related to revenues, income (loss) before income taxes and total assets of the Company for each reportable segment are summarized below (dollars in thousands).



	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
Revenues:	2018		2017		2018		2017
U.S. and Latin America:
Traditional	$	1,547,790	$	1,521,383	$	4,601,631	$	4,532,584
Financial Solutions	290,848		264,170		734,148		834,992
Total	1,838,638		1,785,553		5,335,779		5,367,576
Canada:
Traditional	295,962		281,095		910,480		814,643
Financial Solutions	12,168		12,430		37,034		36,240
Total	308,130		293,525		947,514		850,883
Europe, Middle East and Africa:
Traditional	357,059		360,972		1,123,379		1,024,978
Financial Solutions	91,664		77,041		280,482		230,435
Total	448,723		438,013		1,403,861		1,255,413
Asia Pacific:
Traditional	578,035		561,660		1,763,094		1,628,419
Financial Solutions	16,167		16,932		54,005		55,368
Total	594,202		578,592		1,817,099		1,683,787
Corporate and Other	37,838		49,627		92,893		125,667
Total	$	3,227,531	$	3,145,310	$	9,597,146	$	9,283,326



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
Income (loss) before income taxes:	2018			2017			2018			2017
U.S. and Latin America:
Traditional	$	116,328		$	160,512		$	191,198		$	281,066
Financial Solutions	87,073			89,118			236,882			299,689
Total	203,401			249,630			428,080			580,755
Canada:
Traditional	21,149			28,789			66,661			80,953
Financial Solutions	1,646			4,472			8,381			12,489
Total	22,795			33,261			75,042			93,442
Europe, Middle East and Africa:
Traditional	18,370			15,421			40,259			40,751
Financial Solutions	56,205			30,953			160,738			91,776
Total	74,575			46,374			200,997			132,527
Asia Pacific:
Traditional	62,007			26,564			143,756			121,574
Financial Solutions	206			(229		)	8,365			11,020
Total	62,213			26,335			152,121			132,594
Corporate and Other	(40,323		)	(15,438		)	(148,366		)	(51,997		)
Total	$	322,661		$	340,162		$	707,874		$	887,321

Table of Contents

Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
Revenues: 2018 2017 2018 2017
U.S. and Latin America:
Traditional $ 1,564,147
$ 1,522,698
$ 3,053,841
$ 3,011,201
Financial Solutions 229,948
271,976
443,300
570,822
Total 1,794,095
1,794,674
3,497,141
3,582,023
Canada:
Traditional 312,199
269,273
614,518
533,548
Financial Solutions 12,089
12,003
24,866
23,810
Total 324,288
281,276
639,384
557,358
Europe, Middle East and Africa:
Traditional 372,538
345,920
766,320
664,006
Financial Solutions 100,675
73,405
188,818
153,394
Total 473,213
419,325
955,138
817,400
Asia Pacific:
Traditional 570,520
561,529
1,185,059
1,066,759
Financial Solutions 17,992
17,984
37,838
38,436
Total 588,512
579,513
1,222,897
1,105,195
Corporate and Other 15,800
54,488
55,055
76,040
Total $ 3,195,908
$ 3,129,276
$ 6,369,615
$ 6,138,016

Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
Income (loss) before income taxes: 2018 2017 2018 2017
U.S. and Latin America:
Traditional $ 71,978
$ 90,594
$ 74,870
$ 120,554
Financial Solutions 82,388
106,985
149,809
210,571
Total 154,366
197,579
224,679
331,125
Canada:
Traditional 21,805
32,836
45,512
52,164
Financial Solutions 3,544
4,425
6,735
8,017
Total 25,349
37,261
52,247
60,181
Europe, Middle East and Africa:
Traditional 6,468
11,354
21,889
25,330
Financial Solutions 65,369
28,905
104,533
60,823
Total 71,837
40,259
126,422
86,153
Asia Pacific:
Traditional 58,862
53,322
81,749
95,010
Financial Solutions 4,138
5,377
8,159
11,249
Total 63,000
58,699
89,908
106,259
Corporate and Other (67,264 ) 5,517
(108,043 ) (36,559 )
Total $ 247,288
$ 339,315
$ 385,213
$ 547,159


Assets:	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
U.S. and Latin America:
Traditional	$	19,038,145	$	18,603,423	$	19,148,790	$	18,603,423
Financial Solutions	16,043,393		15,959,206		19,251,832		15,959,206
Total	35,081,538		34,562,629		38,400,622		34,562,629
Canada:
Traditional	4,203,344		4,161,452		4,210,051		4,161,452
Financial Solutions	141,581		126,372		146,374		126,372
Total	4,344,925		4,287,824		4,356,425		4,287,824
Europe, Middle East and Africa:
Traditional	3,335,264		3,099,495		3,573,449		3,099,495
Financial Solutions	4,829,194		5,274,993		4,585,297		5,274,993
Total	8,164,458		8,374,488		8,158,746		8,374,488
Asia Pacific:
Traditional	5,159,546		4,915,442		5,312,822		4,915,442
Financial Solutions	1,156,371		1,198,585		1,181,954		1,198,585
Total	6,315,917		6,114,027		6,494,776		6,114,027
Corporate and Other	5,859,659		7,175,850		5,562,073		7,175,850
Total	$	59,766,497	$	60,514,818	$	62,972,642	$	60,514,818

~~Table of Contents~~

8. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

Commitments

Funding of Investments

The Company’s commitments to fund investments as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are presented in the following table (dollars in thousands):


	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Limited partnership interests and joint ventures	$	490,601	$	485,197	$	578,944	$	485,197
Commercial mortgage loans	113,992		40,815		120,571		40,815
Bank loans and private placements	98,652		60,472		101,992		60,472
Equity release mortgages	157,069		153,937		213,459		153,937

The Company anticipates that the majority of its current commitments will be invested over the next five years; however, these commitments could become due any time at the request of the counterparties. Bank loans and private placements are included in fixed maturity securities available-for-sale.

Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is subject to litigation in the normal course of its business. The Company currently has no material litigation. A legal reserve is established when the Company is notified of an arbitration demand or litigation or is notified that an arbitration demand or litigation is imminent, it is probable that the Company will incur a loss as a result and the amount of the probable loss is reasonably capable of being estimated.

Other Contingencies

The Company indemnifies its directors and officers as provided in its charters and by-laws. Since this indemnity generally is not subject to limitation with respect to duration or amount, the Company does not believe that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount due under this indemnity in the future.

Guarantees

Statutory Reserve Support

RGA, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, has committed to provide statutory reserve support to third parties, in exchange for a fee, by funding loans if certain defined events occur. Such statutory reserves are required under the U.S. Valuation of Life Policies Model Regulation (commonly referred to as Regulation XXX for term life insurance policies and Regulation A-XXX for universal life secondary guarantees). The third parties have recourse to RGA should the subsidiary fail to provide the required funding, however, as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018, the Company does not believe that it will be required to provide any funding under these commitments as the occurrence of the defined events is considered remote. The following table presents the maximum potential obligation for these commitments as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 (dollars in millions):

Commitment Period: Maximum Potential Obligation
2023 $ 500.0
2033 450.0
2034 2,000.0
2035 1,314.2
2036 1,932.0
2037 6,750.0
2038 800.0

4140

Table of Contents



Commitment Period:	Maximum Potential Obligation
2023	$	500.0
2033	450.0
2034	2,000.0
2035	1,314.2
2036	1,932.0
2037	6,750.0
2038	800.0

Other Guarantees

RGA has issued guarantees to third parties on behalf of its subsidiaries for the payment of amounts due under certain securities borrowing and repurchase arrangements, financing arrangements and office lease obligations, whereby, if a subsidiary fails to meet an obligation, RGA or one of its other subsidiaries will make a payment to fulfill the obligation. Additionally, in limited circumstances, treaty guarantees are granted to ceding companies in order to provide them additional security, particularly in cases where RGA’s subsidiary is relatively new, unrated, or not of a significant size, relative to the ceding company. Liabilities supported by the treaty guarantees, before consideration for any legally offsetting amounts due from the guaranteed party are reflected on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets in future policy benefits. Potential guaranteed amounts of future payments will vary depending on production levels and underwriting results. Guarantees related to securities borrowing and repurchase arrangements provide additional security to third parties should a subsidiary fail to provide securities when due. RGA’s guarantees issued as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are reflected in the following table (dollars in thousands):


	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Treaty guarantees	$	913,902	$	1,047,449	$	1,073,184	$	1,047,449
Treaty guarantees, net of assets in trust	802,073		926,393		966,099		926,393
Securities borrowing and repurchase arrangements	289,210		294,325		276,190		294,325
Financing arrangements	74,864		86,183		69,221		86,183
Lease obligations	1,137		1,662		881		1,662


9.	Income Tax

The Company's effective tax rates differed from the applicable U.S. federal income tax statutory rates of 21% and 35% as a result of the following for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively (dollars in thousands):


	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,						Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017
Tax provision at U.S. statutory rate	$	51,931		$	118,760		$	80,895		$	191,506		$	67,759		$	119,057		$	148,654		$	310,562
Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from:
U.S. Tax Reform provisional adjustments	(4,314		)	—			(3,539		)	—			664			—			(2,685		)	—
U.S. Tax Reform valuation allowance adjustments													(58,949		)	—			(59,139		)	—
Foreign tax rate differing from U.S. tax rate	(330		)	(4,261		)	1,103			(10,413		)	7,537			(3,635		)	8,795			(14,049		)
Differences in tax bases in foreign jurisdictions	(1,132		)	(13,375		)	(6,892		)	(16,759		)	(2,371		)	2,126			(9,264		)	(14,633		)
Deferred tax valuation allowance	3,079			13,031			10,501			14,213			(5,334		)	(2,501		)	5,357			11,627
Amounts related to tax audit contingencies	(2,036		)	(1,783		)	(1,201		)	(1,172		)	1,851			299			650			(873		)
Corporate rate changes	145			44			417			(1,193		)	(166		)	(1,139		)	30			(2,332		)
Subpart F	(348		)	1,140			310			1,326			(99		)	64			211			1,390
Foreign tax credits	113			(1,938		)	(459		)	(2,064		)	(544		)	1,230			(1,003		)	(834		)
Global intangible low-taxed income, net of credit	(119		)	—			4,291			—			7,624			—			11,916			—
Equity compensation excess benefit	(3,135		)	(2,609		)	(4,250		)	(4,464		)	(817		)	(2,762		)	(5,067		)	(7,226		)
Return to provision adjustments	(503		)	(633		)	(139		)	(403		)	4,213			452			4,108			133
Other, net	(437		)	(1,251		)	(428		)	(1,120		)	94			(620		)	(492		)	(1,737		)
Total provision for income taxes	$	42,914		$	107,125		$	80,609		$	169,457		$	21,462		$	112,571		$	102,071		$	282,028
Effective tax rate	17.4		%	31.6		%	20.9		%	31.0		%	6.7		%	33.1		%	14.4		%	31.8		%

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“U.S. Tax Reform”) was signed into law. U.S. Tax Reform makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, including but not limited to, (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from

Table of Contents

35% to 21%; (2) requiring companies to pay a one-time transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries; (3) generally eliminating U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries; (4) eliminating the corporate alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) and changing how existing AMT credits can be realized; (5) creating the base erosion anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”)~~, a new minimum tax;~~; (6) establishing a new provision designed to tax global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”), which allows for the possibility of using foreign tax credits and a deduction of up to 50 percent to offset the income tax liability (subject to some limitations); and (7) changing rules related to uses and limitations of net operating loss carryforwards created in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017.

The SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 (“SAB 118”), which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of U.S. Tax Reform. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from U.S. Tax Reform enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under Accounting Standards Codification 740 (“ASC 740”). In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of U.S. Tax Reform for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of U.S. Tax Reform is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of U.S. Tax Reform.

The Company calculated a provisional estimate of the impact of U.S. Tax Reform for its 2017 financial statements. As of September 30, 2018, the Company has finalized certain aspects of U.S. Tax Reform including computing the pretax deferred tax items upon which the change in tax rate was applied, the one-time transition tax on unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries and the adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2018-02 (“ASU 2018-02”). The Company has refined provisional estimates related to excessive employee remuneration, which may be further refined during the fourth quarter. The Company also continues to monitor the issuance of new guidance in the form of Treasury Regulations or Notices which could impact the provisional balances recorded as of December 31, 2017. In addition to the amounts in the table above, the Company recorded an additional adjustment in the third quarter of 2018 related to ASU 2018-02, decreasing accumulated other comprehensive income and increasing retained earnings by approximately $2.6 million.

The Company provisionally estimated there would be no one-time transition tax on unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. Upon review of the Proposed Treasury Regulations issued during the quarter and completion of the accumulated and current earnings and profits calculations of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries, no adjustment to the provisional estimate of the transition tax on unrepatriated earnings is necessary.

Companies subject to GILTI have the option to account for the GILTI tax as a period cost if and when incurred, or to recognize deferred taxes for temporary differences including outside basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI. The Company has not yet made a policy election to account for GILTI but included an estimate of the current GILTI impact in the tax provision.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~As of June 30, 2018, the Company has not yet completed its accounting for the tax effects of the enactment of U.S. Tax Reform.~~ The Company continues to gather ~~additional~~ information and monitor guidance that may change the Company’s interpretation of the law and hence may result in a refinement to ~~account for~~ the ~~effects of U.S. Tax Reform such as information~~calculation and changes to more precisely compute the pretax deferred tax items upon which the change in rate was applied and refine the necessary valuation allowance. The Company also continues to monitor the issuance of new guidance in the form of Treasury Regulations which could impact the provisional balances recorded as of December 31, 2017.this amount.

The Company continues to evaluate the effects of the BEAT and is currently restructuring existing business flows to reduce the risk that the Company will be subject to the BEAT for 2018. The Company has estimated that the annual deductible payments to foreign affiliates as a percentage of annual estimated total deductions to be below the base erosion percentage threshold for application of the BEAT; therefore, the Company has not established an additional BEAT liability as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018. The Company continues to gather information and monitor guidance that may change the Company’s interpretation of the law and hence may result in a refinement to the calculation and changes to this amount.

The effective tax ~~rates~~rate for the ~~second~~third quarter and first ~~six~~nine months of 2018 were lower than the U.S. Statutory rate of 21.0% primarily as a result of the release of a valuation allowance on foreign tax credits, which was partially offset by income earned in jurisdictions with statutory rates higher than the U.S. ~~Tax Reform~~tax rate and tax expense related ~~adjustments,~~to GILTI. During the ~~effective settlement of~~third quarter the Company released an uncertain tax position ~~benefits from differences~~due to the expiration of the statute of limitations and established a new position. The foreign tax credits were used to offset the new uncertain tax liability, resulting in ~~bases in foreign jurisdictions and excess tax benefits related to equity compensation. These benefits were partially offset by~~a valuation ~~allowances~~allowance no longer being necessary. $58.9 million of the release of the valuation allowance was previously established ~~on losses in foreign jurisdictions.~~as part of U.S. Tax Reform. The effective tax rates for the ~~second~~third quarter and first ~~six~~nine months of 2017 were lower than the U.S. Statutory rate of 35% primarily as a result of ~~tax benefits from~~ income generated in non-U.S. jurisdictions ~~mostly~~with lower tax rates than the U.S. The first nine months of 2017 also included a reduction related to RGA Life Reinsurance Company of Canada and the United Kingdom Branch of RGA International Reinsurance Company dac, with statutory rates of 26.6% and 19.3%, respectively. Further, tax benefits derived from differences in tax bases in foreign jurisdictions and ~~benefits related to~~a tax benefit from the filing of an amended ~~tax return also lowered the effective tax rate. These benefits were~~returns, which was partially offset with a valuation allowance established related to ~~the~~ amended return ~~filing.~~filings.

Table of Contents

10. Employee Benefit Plans

The components of net periodic benefit costs, included in other operating expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of income, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows (dollars in thousands):


	Pension Benefits						Other Benefits						Pension Benefits						Other Benefits
	Three months ended June 30,						Three months ended June 30,						Three months ended September 30,						Three months ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017
Service cost	$	3,570		$	2,819		$	636		$	721		$	3,106		$	2,699		$	999		$	465
Interest cost	1,357			1,431			529			565			1,341			1,314			680			459
Expected return on plan assets	(2,213		)	(1,823		)	—			—			(1,884		)	(1,554		)	—			—
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)	82			95			(329		)	(155		)	82			85			(328		)	(675		)
Amortization of prior actuarial losses	769			1,082			498			457			929			1,081			937			580
Settlements	—			256			—			—			—			256			—			—
Net periodic benefit cost	$	3,565		$	3,860		$	1,334		$	1,588		$	3,574		$	3,881		$	2,288		$	829

Pension Benefits Other Benefits
Six months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2018 2017 2018 2017
Service cost $ 6,224
$ 5,399
$ 1,272
$ 1,442
Interest cost 2,687
2,629
1,059
1,130
Expected return on plan assets (3,767 ) (3,108 ) —
—
Amortization of prior service cost (credit) 165
169
(658 ) (311 )
Amortization of prior actuarial losses 1,863
2,163
996
914
Settlements —
513
—
—
Net periodic benefit cost $ 7,172
$ 7,765
$ 2,669
$ 3,175

~~The Company made $5.0 million in pension contributions during the first six months of 2018 and expects to make total pension contributions between $8.0 million and $10.0 million in 2018.~~



	Pension Benefits						Other Benefits
	Nine months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Service cost	$	9,330		$	8,098		$	2,271		$	1,907
Interest cost	4,028			3,943			1,739			1,589
Expected return on plan assets	(5,651		)	(4,662		)	—			—
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)	247			254			(986		)	(986		)
Amortization of prior actuarial losses	2,792			3,244			1,933			1,494
Settlements	—			769			—			—
Net periodic benefit cost	$	10,746		$	11,646		$	4,957		$	4,004


11.	Reinsurance

Retrocession reinsurance treaties do not relieve the Company from its obligations to direct writing companies. Failure of retrocessionaires to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company. Consequently, allowances would be established for amounts deemed uncollectible. At ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, no allowances were deemed necessary. The Company regularly evaluates the financial condition of the insurance companies from which it assumes and to which it cedes reinsurance.

Retrocessions are arranged through the Company’s retrocession pools for amounts in excess of the Company’s retention limit. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, all rated retrocession pool participants followed by the A.M. Best Company were rated “A- (excellent)” or better, except for one pool member that was rated “B++”. The Company verifies retrocession pool participants’ ratings on a quarterly basis. For a majority of the retrocessionaires that were not rated, security in the form of letters of credit or

~~Table of Contents~~

trust assets has been posted. In addition, the Company performs annual financial reviews of its retrocessionaires to evaluate financial stability and performance. In addition to its third party retrocessionaires, various RGA reinsurance subsidiaries retrocede amounts in excess of their retention limits to affiliated subsidiaries.

The following table presents information for the Company’s reinsurance ceded receivable assets, including the respective amount and A.M. Best rating for each reinsurer representing in excess of five percent of the total as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):


		June 30, 2018				December 31, 2017					September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
Reinsurer	A.M. Best Rating	Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total		A.M. Best Rating	Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total
Reinsurer A	A+	$	312,405	39.6		$	301,478	38.6	%	A+	$	303,942	39.5		$	301,478	38.6	%
Reinsurer B	A+	198,782		25.2		203,898		26.1		A+	203,702		26.5		203,898		26.1
Reinsurer C	A	67,699		8.6		67,723		8.7		A	67,599		8.8		67,723		8.7
Reinsurer D	A+	41,807		5.3		40,528		5.2		A+	41,049		5.3		40,528		5.2
Reinsurer E	A++	38,935		4.9		40,592		5.2		A++	35,090		4.6		40,592		5.2
Other reinsurers		129,801		16.4		127,808		16.2			117,942		15.3		127,808		16.2
Total		$	789,429	100.0	%	$	782,027	100.0	%		$	769,324	100.0	%	$	782,027	100.0	%

Included in the total reinsurance ceded receivables balance were ~~$271.2~~$269.1 million and $243.8 million of claims recoverable, of which ~~$3.1~~$6.7 million and $1.9 million were in excess of 90 days past due, as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Table of Contents


12.	Financing Activities

On August 21, 2018 the Company entered into a new syndicated revolving credit facility with a five year term and an overall capacity of $850.0 million, replacing its existing $850.0 million syndicated revolving credit facility, which was scheduled to mature in September 2019. The Company may borrow cash and may obtain letters of credit in multiple currencies under this facility.


~~12.~~13.	New Accounting Standards

Changes to the general accounting principles are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the form of accounting standards updates to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification™. Accounting standards updates not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.



Description	Date of Adoption	Effect on the financial statements or other significant matters
Standards adopted:
Reporting Comprehensive Income This updated guidance requires reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for the stranded tax effects resulting from the newly enacted U.S. federal corporate income tax rate. The amount of the reclassification would be the difference between the historical U.S. federal corporate income tax rate and the newly enacted 21 percent tax rate.	December 31, 2017	The Company adopted the new guidance by reclassifying certain income tax effects of items within accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. The impact of adopting this standard was an increase in accumulated other comprehensive income and a reduction in retained earnings of approximately $156.4 million. The adjustments to the Company’s deferred tax liabilities was a provisional amount as defined in the SEC’s SAB 118, issued in December 2017 to address complexities in completing the calculations resulting from the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. SAB 118 provides guidance on accounting for the effects of the U.S. Tax and Jobs Act of 2017 when the Company’s process is incomplete, and permits a final determination to be made within a measurement period not to exceed one year from the enactment date. During 2018, the Company continued to evaluate and gather additional information to account for the effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, including the preparation of and filing of its U.S. tax returns to more precisely compute the pretax deferred tax items and the impact of adopting the new guidance. As part of this process the Company recorded an additional adjustment in 2018 decreasing accumulated other comprehensive income and increasing retained earnings of approximately $2.6 million.
Stock Compensation This updated guidance requires excess tax benefits and deficiencies from share-based payment awards be recorded in income tax expense in the income statement. Previously, excess tax benefits and deficiencies were recognized in shareholders’ equity or deferred taxes on the balance sheet depending on the tax situation of the Company. In addition, the updated guidance also changes the accounting for forfeitures and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as the classification in the statement of cash flows.	January 1, 2017	Upon adoption, the Company recognized excess tax benefits of approximately $17.7 million in deferred tax assets that were previously not recognized in a cumulative-effect adjustment increasing retained earnings by $17.7 million. The Company also recorded excess tax benefits of approximately $10.5 million in the provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2017. The number of weighted average diluted shares outstanding were also adjusted to exclude excess tax benefits from the assumed proceeds in the diluted shares calculation resulting in an immaterial increase in the number of dilutive shares outstanding. The Company also elected to continue estimating forfeitures for purposes of recognizing share-based compensation. Other aspects of the adoption of the updated guidance did not have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement This guidance requires equity investments that are not accounted for under the equity method of accounting to be measured at fair value with changes recognized in net income and also updates certain presentation and disclosure requirements.	January 1, 2018	This guidance required a cumulative-effect adjustment for certain items upon adoption. The adoption of the new guidance was not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents



Standards not yet adopted:
Leases This new standard, based on the principle that entities should recognize assets and liabilities arising from leases, does not significantly change the lessees’ recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses and cash flows from the previous accounting standard. Leases are classified as finance or operating. The new standard’s primary change is the requirement for entities to recognize a lease liability for payments and a right of use asset representing the right to use the leased asset during the term of operating lease arrangements. Lessees are permitted to make an accounting policy election to not recognize the asset and liability for leases with a term of twelve months or less. Lessors’ accounting is largely unchanged from the previous accounting standard. In addition, the new standard expands the disclosure requirements of lease arrangements. Early adoption is permitted.	January 1, 2019	This new standard will be adopted by applying a modified retrospective transition approach, which includes a number of practical expedients. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its consolidated financial statements; however, it does not expect the adoption of the new standard to have a material impact on its results of operations or balance sheet as a result of the recognition of right-to-use assets and lease liabilities related to operating leases. Contractual obligations related to operating leases totaled approximately $38.2 million as of December 31, 2017.
Derivatives and Hedging This updated guidance improves the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements and make certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of the hedge accounting in current GAAP related to the assessment of hedge effectiveness. Early adoption is permitted.	January 1, 2019	This new guidance will be adopted by applying a modified retrospective approach to existing hedging relationships as of the date of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this updated guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
Financial Instruments - Credit Losses This guidance adds to U.S. GAAP an impairment model, known as current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. For traditional and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans and other instruments entities will be required to use the new forward-looking “expected loss” model that generally will result in earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses similar to what they do today, except the losses will be recognized as allowances rather than reduction to the amortized cost of the securities. Early adoption is permitted.	January 1, 2020	This guidance will be adopted through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective (that is, a modified-retrospective approach). The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its consolidated financial statements.
Fair Value Measurement This guidance is part of the FASB’s disclosure framework project and eliminates certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurement, requires entities to disclose new information and modifies existing disclosure requirements. Early adoption is permitted.	January 1, 2020	Certain disclosure changes in the new guidance will be applied prospectively in the year of adoption. The remaining changes in the new guidance will be applied retrospectively to all periods presented in the year of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its consolidated financial statements.
Financial Services - Insurance This guidance significantly changes how insurers account for long-duration insurance contracts. The new guidance will require insurers to review and update, if necessary, the assumptions used to measure insurance liabilities periodically, rather than retain assumptions used at contract inception. The updated guidance also changes the recognition and measurement of deferred acquisition costs (DAC) and created a new category of benefit features called market risk benefits (MRB) that will be measured at fair value. The guidance also significantly expands the disclosure requirements for long-duration contracts.	January 1, 2021	The guidance on measuring the liabilities for future policy benefits and DAC will be adopted on a modified retrospective basis as of the earliest period presented in the year of adoption. The guidance on MRB will be adopted on a retrospective basis as of the earliest period presented in the year of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its consolidated financial statements but anticipates the updated guidance will likely have a material impact on the measurement and recognition of its long-duration insurance contracts.
Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General This guidance is part of the FASB’s disclosure framework project and eliminates certain disclosure requirements for defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. Early adoption is permitted.	January 1, 2021	This new guidance will be applied retrospectively to all periods presented in the year of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 including, among others, statements relating to projections of the strategies, earnings, revenues, income or loss, ratios, future financial performance, and growth potential of the Company. The words “intend,” “expect,” “project,” “estimate,” “predict,” “anticipate,” “should,” “believe,” and other similar expressions also are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified. Future events and actual results, performance, and achievements could differ materially from those set forth in, contemplated by, or underlying the forward-looking statements.

Numerous important factors could cause actual results and events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements including, without limitation, (1) adverse capital and credit market conditions and their impact on the Company’s liquidity, access to capital and cost of capital, (2) the impairment of other financial institutions and its effect on the Company’s business, (3) requirements to post collateral or make payments due to declines in market value of assets subject to the Company’s collateral arrangements, (4) the fact that the determination of allowances and impairments taken on the Company’s investments is highly subjective, (5) adverse changes in mortality, morbidity, lapsation or claims experience, (6) changes in the Company’s financial strength and credit ratings and the effect of such changes on the Company’s future results of operations and financial condition, (7) inadequate risk analysis and underwriting, (8) general economic conditions or a prolonged economic downturn affecting the demand for insurance and reinsurance in the Company’s current and planned markets, (9) the availability and cost of collateral necessary for regulatory reserves and capital, (10) market or economic conditions that adversely affect the value of the Company’s investment securities or result in the impairment of all or a portion of the value of certain of the Company’s investment securities, that in turn could affect regulatory capital, (11) market or economic conditions that adversely affect the Company’s ability to make timely sales of investment securities, (12) risks inherent in the Company’s risk management and investment strategy, including changes in investment portfolio yields due to interest rate or credit quality changes, (13) fluctuations in U.S. or foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, or securities and real estate markets, (14) adverse litigation or arbitration results, (15) the adequacy of reserves, resources and accurate information relating to settlements, awards and terminated and discontinued lines of business, (16) the stability of and actions by governments and economies in the markets in which the Company operates, including ongoing uncertainties regarding the amount of U.S. sovereign debt and the credit ratings thereof, (17) competitive factors and competitors’ responses to the Company’s initiatives, (18) the success of the Company’s clients, (19) successful execution of the Company’s entry into new markets, (20) successful development and introduction of new products and distribution opportunities, (21) the Company’s ability to successfully integrate acquired blocks of business and entities, (22) action by regulators who have authority over the Company’s reinsurance operations in the jurisdictions in which it operates, (23) the Company’s dependence on third parties, including those insurance companies and reinsurers to which the Company cedes some reinsurance, third-party investment managers and others, (24) the threat of natural disasters, catastrophes, terrorist attacks, epidemics or pandemics anywhere in the world where the Company or its clients do business, (25) interruption or failure of the Company’s telecommunication, information technology or other operational systems, or the Company’s failure to maintain adequate security to protect the confidentiality or privacy of personal or sensitive data stored on such systems, (26) changes in laws, regulations, and accounting standards applicable to the Company, its subsidiaries, or its business, (27) the benefits or burdens associated with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 may be different than expected, (28) the effect of the Company’s status as an insurance holding company and regulatory restrictions on its ability to pay principal of and interest on its debt obligations, and (29) other risks and uncertainties described in this document and in the Company’s other filings with the SEC.

Forward-looking statements should be evaluated together with the many risks and uncertainties that affect the Company’s business, including those mentioned in this document and described in the periodic reports the Company files with the SEC. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. The Company does not undertake any obligations to update these forward-looking statements, even though the Company’s situation may change in the future. For a discussion of these risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements, you are advised to see Item 1A – “Risk Factors” in the 2017 Annual Report.

Overview

The Company is among the leading global providers of life reinsurance and financial solutions, with $3.3 trillion of life reinsurance in force. Traditional reinsurance includes individual and group life and health, disability, and critical illness reinsurance. Financial solutions includes longevity reinsurance, asset-intensive reinsurance, and financial reinsurance. The Company derives revenues primarily from renewal premiums from existing reinsurance treaties, new business premiums from existing or new reinsurance treaties, fee income from financial solutions business and income earned on invested assets.

Historically, the Company’s primary business has been traditional life reinsurance, which involves reinsuring life insurance policies that are often in force for the remaining lifetime of the underlying individuals insured, with premiums earned typically over a period of 10 to 30 years. Each year, however, a portion of the business under existing treaties terminates due to, among other

Table of Contents

things, lapses or voluntary surrenders of underlying policies, deaths of insureds, and the exercise of recapture options by ceding companies. The Company has expanded its financial solutions business, including significant asset-intensive and longevity risk transactions, which allow its clients to take advantage of growth opportunities and manage their capital, longevity and investment risk.

The Company’s long-term profitability largely depends on the volume and amount of death- and health-related claims incurred and the ability to adequately price the risks it assumes. While death claims are reasonably predictable over a period of many years, claims become less predictable over shorter periods and are subject to significant fluctuation from quarter to quarter and year to year. Additionally, the Company generates profits on investment spreads associated with the reinsurance of investment type contracts and generates fees from financial reinsurance transactions which are typically shorter duration than its traditional life reinsurance business. The Company believes its sources of liquidity are sufficient to cover potential claims payments on both a short-term and long-term basis.

As is customary in the reinsurance business, clients continually update, refine, and revise reinsurance information provided to the Company. Such revised information is used by the Company in preparation of its condensed consolidated financial statements and the financial effects resulting from the incorporation of revised data are reflected in the current period.

Segment Presentation

The Company has geographic-based and business-based operational segments. Geographic-based operations are further segmented into traditional and financial solutions businesses. The Company allocates capital to its segments based on an internally developed economic capital model, the purpose of which is to measure the risk in the business and to provide a consistent basis upon which capital is deployed. The economic capital model considers the unique and specific nature of the risks inherent in RGA’s businesses.

As a result of the economic capital allocation process, a portion of investment income is credited to the segments based on the level of allocated capital. In addition, the segments are charged for excess capital utilized above the allocated economic capital basis. This charge is included in policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses. Segment investment performance varies with the composition of investments and the relative allocation of capital to the operating segments.

Segment revenue levels can be significantly influenced by currency fluctuations, large transactions, mix of business and reporting practices of ceding companies, and therefore may fluctuate from period to period. Although reasonably predictable over a period of years, segment claims experience can be volatile over shorter periods. See “Results of Operations by Segment” below for further information about the Company’s segments.

Consolidated Results of Operations


	Three months ended June 30,					Six months ended June 30,					Three months ended September 30,					Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017		2018			2017		2018			2017		2018			2017
Revenues:	(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)										(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Net premiums	$	2,594,460		$	2,480,451	$	5,177,011		$	4,846,147	$	2,562,042		$	2,489,797	$	7,739,053		$	7,335,944
Investment income, net of related expenses	528,061			518,538		1,044,390			1,032,902		572,742			556,918		1,617,132			1,589,820
Investment related gains (losses), net	(10,572		)	56,295		(11,042		)	116,818		(20,017		)	22,653		(31,059		)	139,471
Other revenues	83,959			73,992		159,256			142,149		112,764			75,942		272,020			218,091
Total revenues	3,195,908			3,129,276		6,369,615			6,138,016		3,227,531			3,145,310		9,597,146			9,283,326
Benefits and Expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	2,279,593			2,164,363		4,641,694			4,270,508		2,209,920			2,100,680		6,851,614			6,371,188
Interest credited	109,327			115,285		189,776			222,969		143,292			126,099		333,068			349,068
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	320,276			319,832		677,178			699,221		310,639			365,424		987,817			1,064,645
Other operating expenses	194,959			154,356		386,233			312,862		200,262			168,417		586,495			481,279
Interest expense	37,025			29,352		74,479			71,754		33,290			36,836		107,769			108,590
Collateral finance and securitization expense	7,440			6,773		15,042			13,543		7,467			7,692		22,509			21,235
Total benefits and expenses	2,948,620			2,789,961		5,984,402			5,590,857		2,904,870			2,805,148		8,889,272			8,396,005
Income before income taxes	247,288			339,315		385,213			547,159		322,661			340,162		707,874			887,321
Provision for income taxes	42,914			107,125		80,609			169,457		21,462			112,571		102,071			282,028
Net income	$	204,374		$	232,190	$	304,604		$	377,702	$	301,199		$	227,591	$	605,803		$	605,293
Earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share	$	3.19		$	3.60	$	4.74		$	5.86	$	4.76		$	3.53	$	9.47		$	9.39
Diluted earnings per share	$	3.13		$	3.54	$	4.65		$	5.76	$	4.68		$	3.47	$	9.30		$	9.23
Dividends declared per share	$	0.50		$	0.41	$	1.00		$	0.82	$	0.60		$	0.50	$	1.60		$	1.32

Table of Contents

Consolidated income before income taxes decreased ~~$92.0~~$17.5 million, or ~~27.1%~~5.1%, and ~~$161.9~~$179.4 million, or ~~29.6%~~20.2%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The decrease in income for the ~~second~~third quarter of 2018 was primarily due to unfavorable claims experience in the U.S. group ~~and individual mortality businesses~~business and an increase in operating expenses related to the Company’s strategic initiatives. ~~In addition, the decrease~~The third quarter and first nine months also reflect lower variable investment income and unfavorable changes in ~~income for the first six months of 2018 reflects an~~investment related gains (losses). The unfavorable change in investment related gains (losses) ~~largely due to~~includes changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives on modco or funds withheld treaties within the U.S. segment primarily related to changes in interest rates and credit spreads. The effect of the change in fair value of these embedded derivatives on income is discussed below. Foreign currency fluctuations relative to the prior year ~~resulted in an increase~~decreased in income before income taxes by ~~approximately $6.0~~$1.4 million ~~and $14.8 million for~~in the ~~second~~third quarter and increased income by $13.4 million in the first ~~six~~nine months of 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

The Company recognizes in consolidated income, any changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives on modco or funds withheld treaties, equity-indexed annuity treaties (“EIAs”) and variable annuities with guaranteed minimum benefit riders. The Company utilizes freestanding derivatives to minimize the income statement volatility due to changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives associated with guaranteed minimum benefit riders. The following table presents the effect of embedded derivatives and related freestanding derivatives on income before income taxes for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):


	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,						Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017
Modco/Funds withheld:
Unrealized gains (losses)	$	8,805		$	15,108		$	22,416		$	83,810		$	(2,081	)	$	23,044		$	20,335		$	106,854
Deferred acquisition costs/retrocession	405			(10,585		)	(2,668		)	(39,526		)	51			(11,481		)	(2,617		)	(51,008		)
Net effect	9,210			4,523			19,748			44,284			(2,030		)	11,563			17,718			55,846
EIAs:
Unrealized gains (losses)	(565		)	7,340			27,998			35,298			1,602			1,367			29,600			36,665
Deferred acquisition costs/retrocession	(418		)	(4,699		)	(15,711		)	(21,214		)	(1,285		)	(1,848		)	(16,997		)	(23,062		)
Net effect	(983		)	2,641			12,287			14,084			317			(481		)	12,603			13,603
Guaranteed minimum benefit riders:
Unrealized gains (losses)	15,324			360			30,109			22,723			32,133			(6,205		)	62,242			16,518
Deferred acquisition costs/retrocession	3,864			4,291			6,195			26,292			(17,575		)	4,552			(11,379		)	30,844
Net effect	19,188			4,651			36,304			49,015			14,558			(1,653		)	50,863			47,362
Related freestanding derivatives	(18,805		)	(2,730		)	(41,304		)	(51,706		)	(9,393		)	(10,026		)	(50,697		)	(61,732		)
Net effect after related freestanding derivatives	383			1,921			(5,000		)	(2,691		)	5,165			(11,679		)	166			(14,370		)

Total net effect of embedded derivatives	27,415			11,815			68,339			107,383			12,845			9,429			81,184			116,811
Related freestanding derivatives	(18,805		)	(2,730		)	(41,304		)	(51,706		)	(9,393		)	(10,026		)	(50,697		)	(61,732		)
Total net effect after freestanding derivatives	$	8,610		$	9,085		$	27,035		$	55,677		$	3,452		$	(597	)	$	30,487		$	55,079

Consolidated net premiums increased ~~$114.0~~$72.2 million, or ~~4.6%~~2.9%, and ~~$330.9~~$403.1 million, or ~~6.8%~~5.5%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017, primarily due to growth in life reinsurance in force. ~~Additionally, foreign~~Foreign currency fluctuations ~~contributed to the increases in~~decreased net premiums by ~~approximately $40.9~~$33.4 million ~~and $120.2 million for~~in the ~~second~~third quarter and increased net premiums by $86.8 million in the first ~~six~~nine months of 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. Consolidated assumed life insurance in force increased to ~~$3,340.6~~$3,307.2 billion as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 from ~~$3,233.1~~$3,297.9 billion as of ~~June~~September 30, 2017 due to new business production and in force transactions. The Company added new business production, measured by face amount of insurance in force, of ~~$99.7~~$95.7 billion and ~~$122.5~~$90.7 billion during the ~~second~~third quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively, and ~~$196.4~~$292.1 billion and ~~$214.1~~$304.8 billion during the first ~~six~~nine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively. Foreign currency fluctuations negatively affected the increase in assumed life insurance in force from September 30, 2017 by $60.0 billion.

Consolidated investment income, net of related expenses, increased ~~$9.5~~$15.8 million, or ~~1.8%~~2.8%, and ~~$11.5~~$27.3 million, or ~~1.1%~~1.7%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The increases are primarily attributable to an increase in the average invested asset base ~~largely~~partially offset by a decrease in the average investment yield and lower variable investment income. Investment income ~~and an unfavorable change~~is affected by changes in the fair value of the Company’s funds withheld at interest assets associated with the reinsurance of certain EIA products. The re-measurement of these funds withheld assets increased investment income by $13.7 million in the third quarter and decreased investment income by ~~$19.2 million and $62.5~~$48.9 million in the ~~second quarter and~~ first ~~six~~nine months of 2018, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The effect on investment income of the EIA's market value changes is substantially offset by a corresponding change in interest credited to policyholder account balances resulting in an insignificant effect on net income.

Table of Contents

Average invested assets at amortized cost, excluding spread related business, for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 ~~totaled $26.8~~were $26.7 billion, a ~~7.0%~~6.2% increase over ~~June~~September 30, 2017. The average yield earned on investments, excluding spread related business, was ~~4.32%~~4.57% and ~~4.60%~~4.81% for the ~~second~~third quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively, and ~~4.39%~~4.45% and ~~4.50%~~4.61% for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30,

~~Table of Contents~~

2018 and 2017, respectively. The average yield will vary from quarter to quarter and year to year depending on a number of variables, including the prevailing interest rate and credit spread environment, prepayment fees, ~~and~~ make-whole premiums and changes in the mix of the underlying investments and cash balances, and the timing of dividends and distributions on certain investments. A continued low interest rate environment is expected to put downward pressure on this yield in future reporting periods.

Total investment related gains (losses), net were ~~$(10.6)~~$(20.0) million and ~~$56.3~~$22.7 million for the ~~second~~third quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively, and ~~$(11.0)~~$(31.1) million and ~~$116.8~~$139.5 million for the first ~~six~~nine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively. The unfavorable changes are largely due to asset repositioning related to reinsurance ~~transactions occurring in late 2017 and early 2018.~~transactions. A portion of the investment related gains (losses) are due to changes in the value of embedded derivatives related to reinsurance treaties written on a modco or funds withheld basis, reflecting the impact of changes in interest rates and credit spreads on the calculation of fair value. Changes in the fair value of these embedded derivatives increased (decreased) investment related gains by ~~$8.8~~$(2.1) million and ~~$15.1~~$23.0 million for the ~~second~~third quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively, and ~~$22.4~~$20.3 million and ~~$83.8~~$106.9 million for the first ~~six~~nine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively. In addition, impairments on fixed maturity securities increased by $10.3 million in the third quarter and decreased by ~~$17.2~~$6.9 million in the first ~~six~~nine months of 2018, respectively, as compared to the same ~~period~~periods in 2017. See Note 4 - “Investments” and Note 5 - “Derivative Instruments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the impairment losses and derivatives.

The effective tax rate on a consolidated basis was ~~17.4%~~6.7% and ~~31.6%~~33.1% for the ~~second~~third quarter 2018 and 2017, respectively, and ~~20.9%~~14.4% and ~~31.0%~~31.8% for the first ~~six~~nine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively. The 2018 effective tax rates reflect changes to the U.S. tax code related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. See Note 9 - “Income Tax” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Company’s consolidated effective tax rates.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the application of accounting policies that often involve a significant degree of judgment. Management, on an ongoing basis, reviews estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of financial statements. If management determines that modifications in assumptions and estimates are appropriate given current facts and circumstances, results of operations and financial position as reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements could change significantly.

Management believes the critical accounting policies relating to the following areas are most dependent on the application of estimates and assumptions:

Premiums receivable;

Deferred acquisition costs;

Liabilities for future policy benefits and incurred but not reported claims;

Valuation of investments and other-than-temporary impairments to specific investments;

Valuation of embedded derivatives; and

Income taxes.

A discussion of each of the critical accounting policies may be found in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies.”

Table of Contents

Results of Operations by Segment

U.S. and Latin America Operations

The U.S. and Latin America operations include business generated by its offices in the U.S., Mexico and Brazil. The offices in Mexico and Brazil provide services to clients in other Latin American countries. U.S. and Latin America operations consist of two major segments: Traditional and Financial Solutions. The Traditional segment primarily specializes in individual mortality-risk reinsurance and to a lesser extent, group, health and long-term care reinsurance. The Financial Solutions segment consists of Asset-Intensive and Financial Reinsurance. Asset-Intensive within the Financial Solutions segment provides coinsurance of annuities and corporate-owned life insurance policies and to a lesser extent also issues fee-based synthetic guaranteed investment contracts, which include investment-only, stable value contracts. Financial Reinsurance within the Financial Solutions segment primarily involves assisting ceding companies in meeting applicable regulatory requirements by enhancing the ceding companies’ financial strength and regulatory surplus position through relatively low risk reinsurance transactions. Due to the low-risk nature of financial reinsurance transactions, they typically do not qualify as reinsurance under GAAP, so only the related net fees are reflected in other revenues on the condensed consolidated statements of income.


For the three months ended June 30, 2018:				Financial Solutions
For the three months ended September 30, 2018:													Financial Solutions
(dollars in thousands)				Asset-Intensive		Financial Reinsurance		Total U.S. and Latin America					Asset-Intensive		Financial Reinsurance		Total U.S. and Latin America
	Traditional									Traditional
Revenues:
Net premiums	$	1,373,548		$	6,699	$	—	$	1,380,247	$	1,360,076		$	6,885	$	—	$	1,366,961
Investment income, net of related expenses	180,478			171,810		1,504		353,792		181,396			200,397		1,491		383,284
Investment related gains (losses), net	3,725			776		—		4,501		(33		)	581		—		548
Other revenues	6,396			24,065		25,094		55,555		6,351			53,735		27,759		87,845
Total revenues	1,564,147			203,350		26,598		1,794,095		1,547,790			261,598		29,250		1,838,638
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	1,255,007			22,590		—		1,277,597		1,191,489			46,995		—		1,238,484
Interest credited	20,992			74,810		—		95,802		20,321			110,673		—		130,994
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	182,064			37,939		2,609		222,612		183,433			30,519		5,324		219,276
Other operating expenses	34,106			7,171		2,441		43,718		36,219			7,921		2,343		46,483
Total benefits and expenses	1,492,169			142,510		5,050		1,639,729		1,431,462			196,108		7,667		1,635,237
Income before income taxes	$	71,978		$	60,840	$	21,548	$	154,366	$	116,328		$	65,490	$	21,583	$	203,401

For the three months ended June 30, 2017:				Financial Solutions
For the three months ended September 30, 2017:													Financial Solutions
(dollars in thousands)				Asset-Intensive		Financial Reinsurance		Total U.S. and Latin America					Asset-Intensive		Financial Reinsurance		Total U.S. and Latin America
	Traditional									Traditional
Revenues:
Net premiums	$	1,335,316		$	7,128	$	—	$	1,342,444	$	1,327,181		$	6,423	$	—	$	1,333,604
Investment income, net of related expenses	183,713			177,957		1,853		363,523		191,904			188,176		2,984		383,064
Investment related gains (losses), net	(654		)	32,626		—		31,972		(1,503		)	12,832		—		11,329
Other revenues	4,323			26,211		26,201		56,735		3,801			26,899		26,856		57,556
Total revenues	1,522,698			243,922		28,054		1,794,674		1,521,383			234,330		29,840		1,785,553
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	1,194,917			24,503		—		1,219,420		1,118,401			11,959		—		1,130,360
Interest credited	20,838			87,664		—		108,502		20,673			94,120		—		114,793
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	186,375			38,211		5,619		230,205		189,291			54,441		5,674		249,406
Other operating expenses	29,974			6,542		2,452		38,968		32,506			6,684		2,174		41,364
Total benefits and expenses	1,432,104			156,920		8,071		1,597,095		1,360,871			167,204		7,848		1,535,923
Income before income taxes	$	90,594		$	87,002	$	19,983	$	197,579	$	160,512		$	67,126	$	21,992	$	249,630

Table of Contents


For the six months ended June 30, 2018:			Financial Solutions
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018:												Financial Solutions
(dollars in thousands)			Asset-Intensive		Financial Reinsurance		Total U.S. and Latin America					Asset-Intensive		Financial Reinsurance		Total U.S. and Latin America
	Traditional								Traditional
Revenues:
Net premiums	$	2,672,970	$	11,891	$	—	$	2,684,861	$	4,033,046		$	18,776	$	—	$	4,051,822
Investment income, net of related expenses	363,538		329,722		3,326		696,586		544,934			530,119		4,817		1,079,870
Investment related gains (losses), net	5,408		1,452		—		6,860		5,375			2,033		—		7,408
Other revenues	11,925		47,024		49,885		108,834		18,276			100,759		77,644		196,679
Total revenues	3,053,841		390,089		53,211		3,497,141		4,601,631			651,687		82,461		5,335,779
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	2,509,968		38,535		—		2,548,503		3,701,457			85,530		—		3,786,987
Interest credited	41,272		129,022		—		170,294		61,593			239,695		—		301,288
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	359,704		99,974		6,609		466,287		543,137			130,493		11,933		685,563
Other operating expenses	68,027		14,456		4,895		87,378		104,246			22,377		7,238		133,861
Total benefits and expenses	2,978,971		281,987		11,504		3,272,462		4,410,433			478,095		19,171		4,907,699
Income before income taxes	$	74,870	$	108,102	$	41,707	$	224,679	$	191,198		$	173,592	$	63,290	$	428,080

For the six months ended June 30, 2017:			Financial Solutions
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017:												Financial Solutions
(dollars in thousands)			Asset-Intensive		Financial Reinsurance		Total U.S. and Latin America					Asset-Intensive		Financial Reinsurance		Total U.S. and Latin America
	Traditional								Traditional
Revenues:
Net premiums	$	2,639,661	$	11,763	$	—	$	2,651,424	$	3,966,842		$	18,186	$	—	$	3,985,028
Investment income, net of related expenses	362,708		365,110		3,517		731,335		554,612			553,286		6,501		1,114,399
Investment related gains (losses), net	1,311		90,397		—		91,708		(192		)	103,229		—		103,037
Other revenues	7,521		49,425		50,610		107,556		11,322			76,324		77,466		165,112
Total revenues	3,011,201		516,695		54,127		3,582,023		4,532,584			751,025		83,967		5,367,576
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	2,420,557		42,039		—		2,462,596		3,538,958			53,998		—		3,592,956
Interest credited	41,127		166,821		—		207,948		61,800			260,941		—		322,741
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	367,185		121,864		11,560		500,609		556,476			176,305		17,234		750,015
Other operating expenses	61,778		13,199		4,768		79,745		94,284			19,883		6,942		121,109
Total benefits and expenses	2,890,647		343,923		16,328		3,250,898		4,251,518			511,127		24,176		4,786,821
Income before income taxes	$	120,554	$	172,772	$	37,799	$	331,125	$	281,066		$	239,898	$	59,791	$	580,755

Income before income taxes decreased by ~~$43.2~~$46.2 million, or ~~21.9%~~18.5%, and ~~$106.4~~$152.7 million, or ~~32.1%~~26.3%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The decrease in income before income taxes for the ~~second~~third quarter was primarily due to ~~a decrease in investment related gains and unfavorable~~ claims experience in the group disability and healthcare excess lines of ~~business.~~business as well as lower variable investment income. The decrease in income before income taxes for the first ~~six~~nine months was primarily due to ~~the aforementioned unfavorable~~ claims experience ~~from~~in group and individual life lines of business, ~~and the individual mortality business due~~ partially related to a severe influenza season in 2018. Also contributing to the year over year decline in income were lower investment related gains and changes in the value of the embedded derivatives associated with reinsurance treaties structured on a modco or funds withheld basis.

Traditional Reinsurance

Income before income taxes for the U.S. and Latin America Traditional segment decreased by ~~$18.6~~$44.2 million, or ~~20.5%~~27.5%, and ~~$45.7~~$89.9 million, or ~~37.9%~~32.0%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The decrease in the ~~second~~third quarter ~~and first six months is~~was primarily due to ~~unfavorable~~ claims experience in the group disability and healthcare excess lines of business, ~~and higher individual mortality claims. Mortality claims increased significantly in~~as well as lower variable investment income. The decrease for the first ~~quarter~~nine months also reflects unfavorable claims experience across all lines of ~~2018 due~~business, in part relating to athe severe influenza season.

Net premiums increased ~~$38.2~~$32.9 million, or ~~2.9%~~2.5%, and ~~$33.3~~$66.2 million, or ~~1.3%~~1.7%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The increases in net premiums in the ~~second~~third quarter and first ~~six~~nine months were reduced by ~~$28.8~~$24.7 million and ~~$51.8~~$76.5 million, respectively, due to the restructure of a health treaty. After adjusting for the treaty restructure, net premiums increased ~~5.1%~~4.4% and ~~3.3%~~3.7% in the ~~second~~third quarter and first ~~six~~nine months of 2018, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2017, due to new business and expected organic growth mainly in the ~~Mortality~~group and ~~Group~~mortality lines of business. The segment added new individual life business production, measured by face amount of insurance in force of ~~$29.3~~$27.6 billion and ~~$23.5~~$24.8 billion for the ~~second~~third quarter and ~~$52.6~~$80.2 billion and ~~$50.3~~$75.1 billion for the first ~~six~~nine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Net investment income decreased $10.5 million, or 5.5%, and $9.7 million, or 1.7%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The decreases in the third quarter and first nine months were primarily due to lower variable investment income. Investment related gains (losses), net increased $1.5 million and $5.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

Table of Contents

~~Net investment income decreased $3.2 million, or 1.8%, and increased by $0.8 million, or 0.2%, for the~~ ~~three and six~~ ~~months ended~~ ~~June 30, 2018~~, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The decrease in the second quarter was primarily due to lower variable investment income. For the first six months, investment income was relatively flat as the effect of less variable investment income was offset by growth in the asset base. Investment related gains (losses), net increased $4.4 million and $4.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

Claims and other policy benefits as a percentage of net premiums (“loss ratios”) were ~~91.4%~~87.6% and ~~89.5%~~84.3% for the ~~second~~third quarter and ~~93.9%~~91.8% and ~~91.7%~~89.2%, for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The increases in the loss ratios for the ~~second~~third quarter and first ~~six~~nine months of 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017 were primarily due to unfavorable claims experience in ~~both~~ the group ~~and~~line of business. The individual mortality ~~lines~~line of ~~business.~~business also contributed to the increase in the loss ratio for the first nine months of 2018. Management believes a portion of the unfavorable variance is the normal volatility associated with influenza season.

Interest credited expense ~~remained flat~~decreased $0.4 million, or 1.7%, and $0.2 million, or 0.3%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. Interest credited in this segment relates to amounts credited on cash value products which also have a significant mortality component. Income before income taxes is affected by the spread between the investment income and the interest credited on the underlying products.

Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of net premiums were ~~13.3%~~13.5% and 14.3% for the third quarter and 13.5% and 14.0% for the ~~second quarter and 13.5% and 13.9% for the six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. While these ratios are expected to remain in a predictable range, they may fluctuate from period to period due to varying allowance levels within coinsurance-type arrangements. In addition, the amortization pattern of previously capitalized amounts, which are subject to the form of the reinsurance agreement and the underlying insurance policies, may vary. Also, the mix of first year coinsurance business versus yearly renewable term business can cause the percentage to fluctuate from period to period

Other operating expenses increased ~~$4.1~~$3.7 million, or ~~13.8%~~11.4%, and ~~$6.2~~$10.0 million, or ~~10.1%~~10.6%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The increase in operating expenses, for both periods, is primarily related to expense growth associated with key business line initiatives focused on enhancing the services and reinsurance options for clients. Other operating expenses, as a percentage of net premiums were ~~2.5%~~2.7% and ~~2.2%~~2.4% for the ~~second~~third quarter and ~~2.5%~~2.6% and ~~2.3%~~2.4% first ~~six~~nine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively. The expense ratio tends to fluctuate only slightly from period to period due to the maturity and scale of this segment.

Financial Solutions - Asset-Intensive Reinsurance

Asset-Intensive reinsurance within the U.S. and Latin America Financial Solutions segment primarily involves assuming investment risk within underlying annuities and corporate-owned life insurance policies. Most of these agreements are coinsurance, coinsurance with funds withheld or modco. The Company recognizes profits or losses primarily from the spread between the investment income earned and the interest credited on the underlying deposit liabilities, income associated with longevity risk, and fees associated with variable annuity account values and guaranteed investment contracts.

Impact of certain derivatives:

Income from the asset-intensive business tends to be volatile due to changes in the fair value of certain derivatives, including embedded derivatives associated with reinsurance treaties structured on a modco or funds withheld basis, as well as embedded derivatives associated with the Company’s reinsurance of equity-indexed annuities and variable annuities with guaranteed minimum benefit riders. Fluctuations occur period to period primarily due to changing investment conditions including, but not limited to, interest rate movements (including risk-free rates and credit spreads), implied volatility, the Company’s own credit risk and equity market performance, all of which are factors in the calculations of fair value. Therefore, management believes it is helpful to distinguish between the effects of changes in these derivatives, net of related hedging activity, and the primary factors that drive profitability of the underlying treaties, namely investment income, fee income (included in other revenues), and interest credited. These fluctuations are considered unrealized by management and do not affect current cash flows, crediting rates or spread performance on the underlying treaties.

The following table summarizes the asset-intensive results and quantifies the impact of these embedded derivatives for the periods presented. Revenues before certain derivatives, benefits and expenses before certain derivatives, and income before income taxes and certain derivatives, should not be viewed as substitutes for GAAP revenues, GAAP benefits and expenses, and GAAP income before income taxes.

Table of Contents


(dollars in thousands)	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,						Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017
Revenues:
Total revenues	$	203,350		$	243,922		$	390,089		$	516,695		$	261,598		$	234,330		$	651,687		$	751,025
Less:
Embedded derivatives – modco/funds withheld treaties	5,039			15,762			16,957			82,500			(2,138		)	24,539			14,819			107,039
Guaranteed minimum benefit riders and related free standing derivatives	2,077			3,017			(2,512		)	(3,877		)	8,067			(17,058		)	5,556			(20,935		)
Revenues before certain derivatives	196,234			225,143			375,644			438,072			255,669			226,849			631,312			664,921
Benefits and expenses:
Total benefits and expenses	142,510			156,920			281,987			343,923			196,108			167,204			478,095			511,127
Less:
Embedded derivatives – modco/funds withheld treaties	(405		)	10,585			2,668			39,526			(51		)	11,481			2,617			51,008
Guaranteed minimum benefit riders and related free standing derivatives	1,694			1,096			2,488			(1,186		)	2,902			(5,379		)	5,390			(6,565		)
Equity-indexed annuities	983			(2,641		)	(12,287		)	(14,084		)	(317		)	481			(12,603		)	(13,603		)
Benefits and expenses before certain derivatives	140,238			147,880			289,118			319,667			193,574			160,621			482,691			480,287
Income before income taxes:
Income before income taxes	60,840			87,002			108,102			172,772			65,490			67,126			173,592			239,898
Less:
Embedded derivatives – modco/funds withheld treaties	5,444			5,177			14,289			42,974			(2,087		)	13,058			12,202			56,031
Guaranteed minimum benefit riders and related free standing derivatives	383			1,921			(5,000		)	(2,691		)	5,165			(11,679		)	166			(14,370		)
Equity-indexed annuities	(983		)	2,641			12,287			14,084			317			(481		)	12,603			13,603
Income before income taxes and certain derivatives	$	55,996		$	77,263		$	86,526		$	118,405		$	62,095		$	66,228		$	148,621		$	184,634

Embedded Derivatives - Modco/Funds Withheld Treaties - Represents the change in the fair value of embedded derivatives on funds withheld at interest associated with treaties written on a modco or funds withheld basis. The fair value changes of embedded derivatives on funds withheld at interest associated with treaties written on a modco or funds withheld basis are reflected in revenues, while the related impact on deferred acquisition expenses is reflected in benefits and expenses. The Company’s utilization of a credit valuation adjustment did not have a material effect on the change in fair value of these embedded derivatives for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017.

The change in fair value of the embedded derivatives - modco/funds withheld treaties increased (decreased) income before income taxes by ~~$5.4~~$(2.1) million and ~~$5.2~~$13.1 million for the ~~second~~third quarter and ~~$14.3~~$12.2 million and ~~$43.0~~$56.0 million for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The ~~increase~~decrease in income for the ~~second~~third quarter of 2018 was primarily the result of interest rate ~~movements, partially offset by repositioning in the funds withheld portfolio.~~movements. The ~~increase~~increases in income for the ~~second quarter~~first nine months of 2018 and 2017, and for the ~~first six months ended June 30, 2018 and~~third quarter of 2017 were primarily due to tightening credit spreads.

Guaranteed Minimum Benefit Riders - Represents the impact related to guaranteed minimum benefits associated with the Company’s reinsurance of variable annuities. The fair value changes of the guaranteed minimum benefits along with the changes in fair value of the free standing derivatives (interest rate swaps, financial futures and equity options), purchased by the Company to substantially hedge the liability are reflected in revenues, while the related impact on deferred acquisition expenses is reflected in benefits and expenses. The Company’s utilization of a credit valuation adjustment did not have a material effect on the change in fair value of these embedded derivatives for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017.

The change in fair value of the guaranteed minimum benefits, after allowing for changes in the associated free standing derivatives, increased income before income taxes by ~~$0.4~~$5.2 million and ~~$1.9~~decreased by $11.7 million for the ~~second~~third quarter and ~~decreased~~increased (decreased) by ~~$5.0~~$0.2 million and ~~$2.7~~$(14.4) million for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The ~~increases~~increase in income for the ~~second~~third quarter was primarily due to the annual update of best estimate actuarial policyholder assumptions associated with the continuation of benefits payable to spouses after the death of the policyholder. The increase in income for the first nine months of September 30, 2018 was primarily due to the annual update of best estimate actuarial policyholder assumptions, offset by interest rate movements. The decreases in income for the third quarter and first nine months of 2017 were primarily due to ~~favorable hedging results. The decrease in income~~the annual update of best estimate actuarial assumptions to account for ~~the first six months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily the result of interest rate movements. The decrease in income for the first six months of2017 was primarily the result of~~ lower policyholder ~~lapses.~~lapse experience.

Table of Contents

Equity-Indexed Annuities - Represents changes in the liability for equity-indexed annuities in excess of changes in account value, after adjustments for related deferred acquisition expenses. The change in fair value of embedded derivative liabilities associated with equity-indexed annuities increased (decreased) income before income taxes by ~~$(1.0)~~$0.3 million and ~~$2.6~~$(0.5) million for the ~~second~~third quarter and ~~$12.3~~$12.6 million and ~~$14.1~~$13.6 million for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The ~~decrease~~increases in income for the ~~second~~third quarter ~~of 2018 was primarily the result of interest rate movements. The increase in income for the~~and first ~~six~~nine months of 2018 ~~was~~were primarily due to lower policyholder lapses and withdrawals. The decrease in income for the third quarter of 2017 was primarily due to shifts in the yield curve. The increase in income for the ~~second quarter and~~ first ~~six~~nine months of 2017 was primarily due to ~~changes in the domestic equity markets.~~declining long-term interest rates.

~~Table of Contents~~

The changes in derivatives discussed above are considered unrealized by management and do not affect current cash flows, crediting rates or spread performance on the underlying treaties. Fluctuations occur period to period primarily due to changing investment conditions including, but not limited to, interest rate movements (including benchmark rates and credit spreads), credit valuation adjustments, implied volatility and equity market performance, all of which are factors in the calculations of fair value. Therefore, management believes it is helpful to distinguish between the effects of changes in these derivatives and the primary factors that drive profitability of the underlying treaties, namely investment income, fee income (included in other revenues) and interest credited.

Discussion and analysis before certain derivatives:

Income before income taxes and certain derivatives decreased by ~~$21.3~~$4.1 million and ~~$31.9~~$36.0 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The decreases in the ~~second~~third quarter and first ~~six~~nine months were primarily due to lower investment related gains (losses), net of the corresponding impact to deferred acquisition costs, associated with coinsurance portfolios.

Revenue before certain derivatives increased by $28.8 million and decreased by ~~$28.9 million and $62.4~~$33.6 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The ~~decreases~~increase in the ~~second~~third quarter ~~and~~was primarily due to revenues from new transactions. The decrease in the first ~~six~~nine months ~~were~~was primarily due to the change in fair value of equity options associated with the reinsurance of EIAs and lower investment related gains (losses) associated with coinsurance ~~portfolios.~~portfolios, partially offset by revenues from new transactions. The effect on investment income related to equity options is substantially offset by a corresponding change in interest credited.

Benefits and expenses before certain derivatives ~~decreased~~increased by ~~$7.6~~$33.0 million and ~~$30.5~~$2.4 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017. The ~~decreases~~increase in the ~~second~~third quarter ~~and first six months were~~was primarily due to new transactions. The increase for the first nine months was primarily due to new transactions, offset by lower interest credited associated with the reinsurance of EIAs. The effect on interest credited related to equity options is substantially offset by a corresponding change in investment income.

The invested asset base supporting this segment increased to ~~$15.8~~$19.0 billion as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 from ~~$15.7~~$15.5 billion as of ~~June~~September 30, ~~2017.~~2017 of which $2.9 billion was due to a new annuity transaction in the third quarter of 2018. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2018, $4.0 billion of the invested assets were funds withheld at interest, of which greater than 90% is associated with one client.

Financial Solutions - Financial Reinsurance

Financial Reinsurance within the U.S. and Latin America Financial Solutions segment income before income taxes consists primarily of net fees earned on financial reinsurance transactions. Additionally, a portion of the business is brokered business in which the Company does not participate in the assumption of risk. The fees earned from financial reinsurance contracts and brokered business are reflected in other revenues, and the fees paid to retrocessionaires are reflected in policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses.

Income before income taxes ~~increased $1.6~~decreased $0.4 million, or ~~7.8%~~1.9%, and ~~$3.9~~increased $3.5 million, or ~~10.3%~~5.9%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The ~~increases were~~increase in the first nine months was primarily due to growth in new transactions.

At ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, the amount of reinsurance assumed from client companies, as measured by pre-tax statutory surplus, risk based capital and other financial structures was $13.7 billion and ~~$12.4~~$12.6 billion, respectively. The increase was primarily due to new transactions, as well as organic growth on existing transactions. Fees earned from this business can vary significantly depending on the size of the transactions and the timing of their completion and therefore can fluctuate from period to period.

Table of Contents

Canada Operations

The Company conducts reinsurance business in Canada primarily through RGA Canada, which assists clients with capital management activity and mortality and morbidity risk management. The Canada operations are primarily engaged in Traditional reinsurance, which consists mainly of traditional individual life reinsurance, as well as creditor, group life and health, critical illness and disability reinsurance. Creditor insurance covers the outstanding balance on personal, mortgage or commercial loans in the event of death, disability or critical illness and is generally shorter in duration than traditional individual life insurance. The Canada Financial Solutions segment consists of longevity and financial reinsurance.


(dollars in thousands)	Three months ended June 30,												Three months ended September 30,
	2018						2017						2018						2017
Revenues:	Traditional		Financial Solutions		Total Canada		Traditional		Financial Solutions		Total Canada		Traditional		Financial Solutions		Total Canada		Traditional		Financial Solutions		Total Canada
Net premiums	$	260,750	$	10,955	$	271,705	$	221,380	$	9,314	$	230,694	$	243,105	$	10,681	$	253,786	$	225,841	$	9,874	$	235,715
Investment income, net of related expenses	49,535		330		49,865		44,830		1,351		46,181		50,145		415		50,560		51,593		1,120		52,713
Investment related gains (losses), net	446		—		446		2,598		—		2,598		2,484		—		2,484		2,380		—		2,380
Other revenues	1,468		804		2,272		465		1,338		1,803		228		1,072		1,300		1,281		1,436		2,717
Total revenues	312,199		12,089		324,288		269,273		12,003		281,276		295,962		12,168		308,130		281,095		12,430		293,525
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	223,935		7,915		231,850		181,197		7,099		188,296		210,292		10,003		220,295		193,978		7,170		201,148
Interest credited	21		—		21		5		—		5		6		—		6		6		—		6
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	58,541		292		58,833		47,597		206		47,803		56,224		190		56,414		50,023		221		50,244
Other operating expenses	7,897		338		8,235		7,638		273		7,911		8,291		329		8,620		8,299		567		8,866
Total benefits and expenses	290,394		8,545		298,939		236,437		7,578		244,015		274,813		10,522		285,335		252,306		7,958		260,264
Income before income taxes	$	21,805	$	3,544	$	25,349	$	32,836	$	4,425	$	37,261	$	21,149	$	1,646	$	22,795	$	28,789	$	4,472	$	33,261


(dollars in thousands)	Six months ended June 30,														Nine months ended September 30,
	2018								2017						2018						2017
Revenues:	Traditional			Financial Solutions		Total Canada			Traditional		Financial Solutions		Total Canada		Traditional		Financial Solutions		Total Canada		Traditional		Financial Solutions		Total Canada
Net premiums	$	513,473		$	22,260	$	535,733		$	437,142	$	18,724	$	455,866	$	756,578	$	32,941	$	789,519	$	662,983	$	28,598	$	691,581
Investment income, net of related expenses	100,119			445		100,564			89,336		2,395		91,731		150,264		860		151,124		140,929		3,515		144,444
Investment related gains (losses), net	(285		)	—		(285		)	6,441		—		6,441		2,199		—		2,199		8,821		—		8,821
Other revenues	1,211			2,161		3,372			629		2,691		3,320		1,439		3,233		4,672		1,910		4,127		6,037
Total revenues	614,518			24,866		639,384			533,548		23,810		557,358		910,480		37,034		947,514		814,643		36,240		850,883
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	436,760			17,030		453,790			372,249		14,718		386,967		647,052		27,033		674,085		566,227		21,888		588,115
Interest credited	26			—		26			9		—		9		32		—		32		15		—		15
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	115,573			388		115,961			93,279		350		93,629		171,797		578		172,375		143,302		571		143,873
Other operating expenses	16,647			713		17,360			15,847		725		16,572		24,938		1,042		25,980		24,146		1,292		25,438
Total benefits and expenses	569,006			18,131		587,137			481,384		15,793		497,177		843,819		28,653		872,472		733,690		23,751		757,441
Income before income taxes	$	45,512		$	6,735	$	52,247		$	52,164	$	8,017	$	60,181	$	66,661	$	8,381	$	75,042	$	80,953	$	12,489	$	93,442

Income before income taxes decreased by ~~$11.9~~$10.5 million, or ~~32.0%~~31.5%, and ~~$7.9~~$18.4 million, or ~~13.2%~~19.7%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The decreases in income for the ~~second~~third quarter and first ~~six~~nine months are primarily due to unfavorable traditional individual life mortality experience as compared to the same periods in 2017. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations in the Canadian dollar resulted in ~~an increase~~a decrease in income before income taxes of ~~$0.7~~$1.1 million and ~~$2.3~~an increase of $1.2 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

Traditional Reinsurance

Income before income taxes for the Canada Traditional segment decreased by ~~$11.0~~$7.6 million, or ~~33.6%~~26.5%, and ~~$6.7~~$14.3 million, or ~~12.8%~~17.7%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The decreases in income before income taxes for the ~~second~~third quarter and first ~~six~~nine months were primarily due to unfavorable traditional individual life mortality experience. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations in the Canadian dollar resulted in ~~an increase~~a decrease in income before income taxes of ~~$0.6~~$1.1 million and ~~$2.0~~an increase of $0.9 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

Table of Contents

Net premiums increased ~~$39.4~~$17.3 million, or ~~17.8%~~7.6%, and ~~$76.3~~$93.6 million, or ~~17.5%~~14.1%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The increases in net premiums were primarily due to a new in force block transaction during the first quarter of 2018. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations in the Canadian dollar resulted in ~~an increase~~a decrease in net premiums of ~~approximately $10.2~~$10.5 million and ~~$21.1~~an increase of $10.6 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

Net investment income ~~increased $4.7~~decreased $1.4 million, or ~~10.5%~~2.8%, and ~~$10.8~~increased $9.3 million, or ~~12.1%~~6.6%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. ~~The increases~~Foreign currency exchange fluctuation in the Canadian dollar resulted in a decrease in net investment income of $2.2 million and an increase of $2.0 million for the ~~second quarter~~three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. Also contributing to the increase in the first ~~six~~nine months ~~were primarily the result~~ of 2018 was an increase in the invested asset base due to growth in the underlying business volume and an increase in investment yields from a higher level of variable investment income in the first quarter. Additionally, foreign currency exchange fluctuation in the Canadian dollar resulted in an increase in net investment income of approximately $2.0yields.

Other revenues decreased by $1.1 million and ~~$4.2~~$0.5 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.~~

~~Other revenues increased by $1.0 million and $0.6 million for the three and six months ended June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. These variances are primarily due to gains and losses related to foreign currency transactions.

Loss ratios for this segment were ~~85.9%~~86.5% and ~~81.8%~~85.9% for the ~~second~~third quarter and ~~85.1%~~85.5% and ~~85.2%~~85.4% for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The increase in the loss ~~ratio~~ratios for the three and nine months ofended September 30, 2018, as compared to the same ~~period~~periods in 2017, is due to unfavorable traditional individual life mortality experience. Loss ratios for the traditional individual life mortality business were ~~97.8%~~96.7% and ~~94.3%~~99.5% for the ~~second~~third quarter and ~~94.6%~~95.3% and ~~98.3%~~98.7% for the first ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The aforementioned new in force block reduced the traditional individual life mortality business loss ratios in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 by 5.6% and 5.9%, respectively. Historically, the loss ratio increased primarily as the result of several large permanent level premium in force blocks assumed in 1997 and 1998. These blocks are mature blocks of long-term permanent level premium business in which mortality as a percentage of net premiums is expected to be higher than historical ratios. The nature of permanent level premium policies requires the Company to set up actuarial liabilities and invest the amounts received in excess of early-year claims costs to fund claims in later years when premiums, by design, continue to be level as compared to expected increasing mortality or claim costs. As such, investment income becomes a more significant component of profitability of these in force blocks. Excluding creditor business, claims and other policy benefits, as a percentage of net premiums and investment income were ~~77.5% and 74.6% for the second quarter and 76.3%~~77.2% and 77.7% for the ~~six~~third quarter and 76.8% and 77.7% for the nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of net premiums were ~~22.5%~~23.1% and ~~21.5%~~22.1% for the ~~second~~third quarter and ~~22.5%~~22.7% and ~~21.3%~~21.6% for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Overall, while these ratios are expected to remain in a predictable range, they may fluctuate from period to period due to varying allowance levels and product mix. In addition, the amortization patterns of previously capitalized amounts, which are subject to the form of the reinsurance agreement and the underlying insurance policies, may vary.

Other operating expenses were unchanged and increased ~~$0.3 million, or 3.4%, and~~ $0.8 million, or ~~5.0%~~3.3%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2017. Other operating expenses as a percentage of net premiums were ~~3.0%~~3.4% and ~~3.5%~~3.7% for the ~~second~~third quarter and ~~3.2%~~3.3% and 3.6% for the ~~six~~nine month periods ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Financial Solutions Reinsurance

Income before income taxes decreased by ~~$0.9~~$2.8 million, or ~~19.9%~~63.2%, and ~~$1.3~~$4.1 million, or ~~16.0%~~32.9%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The decreases in income ~~for both~~were primarily a result of normal aging of the ~~three~~longevity block of business and ~~six month periods are primarily due to~~ a decrease in net investment income as a result of a decrease in the invested asset ~~base partially offset by favorable experience on longevity business.~~base. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations in the Canadian dollar resulted in ~~an increase~~a decrease in income before income taxes of $0.1 million and an increase of $0.3 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

Net premiums increased ~~$1.6~~$0.8 million, or ~~17.6%~~8.2%, and ~~$3.5~~$4.3 million, or ~~18.9%~~15.2%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The increases were primarily due to longevity business, where the premium structure generally increases over time. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations in the Canadian dollar resulted in ~~an increase~~a decrease in net premiums of ~~approximately $0.4~~$0.5 million and ~~$0.9~~an increase of $0.5 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

Net investment income decreased ~~$1.0~~$0.7 million, or ~~75.6%~~62.9%, and ~~$2.0~~$2.7 million, or ~~81.4%~~75.5%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017 primarily due to a decrease in the invested asset base.

Claims and other policy benefits increased ~~$0.8~~$2.8 million, or ~~11.5%~~39.5%, and ~~$2.3~~$5.1 million, or ~~15.7%~~23.5%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 as compared to the same periods in 2017. The increases for the ~~second~~third quarter and first ~~six~~nine months were primarily a result of normal aging of the longevity block of business.

Table of Contents

Europe, Middle East and Africa Operations

The Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) operations include business generated by its offices principally in the United Kingdom (“UK”), South Africa, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain and the Middle East region. EMEA consists of two major segments: Traditional and Financial Solutions. The Traditional segment primarily provides reinsurance through yearly renewable term and coinsurance agreements on a variety of life, health and critical illness products. Reinsurance agreements may be facultative or automatic agreements covering primarily individual risks and, in some markets, group risks. The Financial Solutions segment consists of reinsurance and other transactions associated with longevity closed blocks, payout annuities, capital management solutions and financial reinsurance.


(dollars in thousands)	Three months ended June 30,														Three months ended September 30,
	2018						2017								2018								2017
Revenues:	Traditional		Financial Solutions		Total EMEA		Traditional		Financial Solutions			Total EMEA			Traditional		Financial Solutions			Total EMEA			Traditional		Financial Solutions		Total EMEA
Net premiums	$	354,534	$	49,135	$	403,669	$	330,850	$	38,520		$	369,370		$	340,414	$	49,104		$	389,518		$	344,211	$	39,294	$	383,505
Investment income, net of related expenses	17,087		40,330		57,417		13,585		28,029			41,614			16,190		37,548			53,738			14,727		30,892		45,619
Investment related gains (losses), net	—		5,858		5,858		—		2,458			2,458			—		(87		)	(87		)	—		1,192		1,192
Other revenues	917		5,352		6,269		1,485		4,398			5,883			455		5,099			5,554			2,034		5,663		7,697
Total revenues	372,538		100,675		473,213		345,920		73,405			419,325			357,059		91,664			448,723			360,972		77,041		438,013
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	310,187		21,854		332,041		295,004		36,797			331,801			291,442		24,211			315,653			285,071		35,648		320,719
Interest credited	—		4,127		4,127		—		(291		)	(291		)	—		2,402			2,402			—		2,475		2,475
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	29,961		1,054		31,015		15,349		454			15,803			21,817		814			22,631			35,751		327		36,078
Other operating expenses	25,922		8,271		34,193		24,213		7,540			31,753			25,430		8,032			33,462			24,729		7,638		32,367
Total benefits and expenses	366,070		35,306		401,376		334,566		44,500			379,066			338,689		35,459			374,148			345,551		46,088		391,639
Income before income taxes	$	6,468	$	65,369	$	71,837	$	11,354	$	28,905		$	40,259		$	18,370	$	56,205		$	74,575		$	15,421	$	30,953	$	46,374


(dollars in thousands)	Six months ended June 30,												Nine months ended September 30,
	2018						2017						2018						2017
Revenues:	Traditional		Financial Solutions		Total EMEA		Traditional		Financial Solutions		Total EMEA		Traditional		Financial Solutions		Total EMEA		Traditional		Financial Solutions		Total EMEA
Net premiums	$	730,263	$	97,114	$	827,377	$	635,522	$	80,515	$	716,037	$	1,070,677	$	146,218	$	1,216,895	$	979,733	$	119,809	$	1,099,542
Investment income, net of related expenses	32,851		72,262		105,113		26,305		57,710		84,015		49,041		109,810		158,851		41,032		88,602		129,634
Investment related gains (losses), net	9		9,210		9,219		7		7,033		7,040		9		9,123		9,132		7		8,225		8,232
Other revenues	3,197		10,232		13,429		2,172		8,136		10,308		3,652		15,331		18,983		4,206		13,799		18,005
Total revenues	766,320		188,818		955,138		664,006		153,394		817,400		1,123,379		280,482		1,403,861		1,024,978		230,435		1,255,413
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	636,989		64,325		701,314		561,405		72,733		634,138		928,431		88,536		1,016,967		846,476		108,381		954,857
Interest credited	—		1,475		1,475		—		3,822		3,822		—		3,877		3,877		—		6,297		6,297
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	55,513		2,134		57,647		30,512		743		31,255		77,330		2,948		80,278		66,263		1,070		67,333
Other operating expenses	51,929		16,351		68,280		46,759		15,273		62,032		77,359		24,383		101,742		71,488		22,911		94,399
Total benefits and expenses	744,431		84,285		828,716		638,676		92,571		731,247		1,083,120		119,744		1,202,864		984,227		138,659		1,122,886
Income before income taxes	$	21,889	$	104,533	$	126,422	$	25,330	$	60,823	$	86,153	$	40,259	$	160,738	$	200,997	$	40,751	$	91,776	$	132,527

Income before income taxes increased by ~~$31.6~~$28.2 million, or ~~78.4%~~60.8%, and ~~increased by $40.3~~$68.5 million, or ~~46.7%~~51.7%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The increase in income before income taxes for the third quarter was primarily due to favorable performance in the closed block longevity, payout annuity and individual life businesses partly offset by unfavorable group mortality experience. The increases in income before income taxes for the first nine months were primarily due to favorable performance in the closed block longevity, ~~and~~ payout annuity ~~businesses partly~~and critical illness business partially offset by unfavorable ~~mortality~~individual life experience. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations resulted in ~~an increase~~a decrease in income before income taxes of ~~$4.3~~$1.0 million and ~~$10.4~~an increase of $9.4 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

Table of Contents

Traditional Reinsurance

Income before income taxes increased by $2.9 million, or 19.1%, and decreased by ~~$4.9~~$0.5 million, or ~~43.0%, and $3.4 million, or 13.6%~~1.2%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The ~~decrease~~increase in income for the ~~second~~third quarter was primarily due to ~~unfavorable~~more favorable individual life and critical illness experience coupled with lower policy acquisition costs, partially offset by less favorable group mortality experience. The decrease in income for the first ~~six~~nine months was primarily due to unfavorable individual life mortality experience, partially offset by favorable critical illness experience. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations resulted in ~~an increase~~a decrease in income before income taxes of ~~$1.0~~$0.4 million and ~~$2.8~~an increase of $2.4 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

~~Table of Contents~~

Net premiums ~~increased $23.7~~decreased $3.8 million, or ~~7.2%~~1.1%, and ~~$94.7~~increased $90.9 million, or ~~14.9%~~9.3%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The ~~increases~~decrease in net premiums for the three ~~and six~~months was primarily due to a large transaction completed in the third quarter of 2017. The increase in net premiums for the first nine months were primarily due to increased volumes of mostly individual life ~~and~~business as well as increased health ~~business volumes.~~business. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations ~~increased~~decreased net premiums by ~~approximately $18.7~~$6.4 million and ~~$59.0~~increased them by $52.6 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

A portion of the net premiums for the segment, in each period presented, relates to reinsurance of critical illness coverage, primarily in the UK. This coverage provides a benefit in the event of the diagnosis of a pre-defined critical illness. Net premiums earned from this coverage totaled ~~$47.9~~$45.6 million and ~~$49.2~~$49.0 million for the ~~second~~third quarter and ~~$96.7~~$142.4 million and ~~$95.2~~$144.2 million for the first ~~six~~nine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Net investment income increased ~~$3.5~~$1.5 million, or ~~25.8%~~9.9%, and ~~$6.5~~$8.0 million, or ~~24.9%~~19.5%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The ~~increases~~increase in net investment income ~~were~~for the third quarter was primarily due to an increase in the invested asset base resulting from business growth. The increase in net investment income for the first nine months was due to an increase in the invested asset base and increased invested asset yield. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations resulted in ~~an increase~~a decrease in net investment income of ~~approximately $1.0~~$0.3 million and ~~$2.7~~an increase of $2.4 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

Loss ratios for this segment were ~~87.5%~~85.6% and ~~89.2%~~82.8% for the ~~second~~third quarter and ~~87.2%~~86.7% and ~~88.3%~~86.4% for the first ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The ~~decreases~~increases in loss ratios were ~~primarily~~ due in part to ~~changes~~normal claims variability and differences in business mix, with the third quarter of 2018 having both higher benefits and ~~normal claims variability.~~lower policy acquisition costs as a percentage of premium.

Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of net premiums were ~~8.5%~~6.4% and ~~4.6%~~10.4% for the ~~second~~third quarter and ~~7.6%~~7.2% and ~~4.8%~~6.8% for the first ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The ~~increases~~decrease in policy acquisition cost ~~ratios are~~ratio for the third quarter was primarily due to the aforementioned large transaction completed in 2017, which included ceding allowances. The increase in the percentage for the first nine months is due primarily to variations in the mixture of business. A small number of recent larger new treaties have included higher than average ceding allowances.

Other operating expenses increased ~~$1.7~~$0.7 million, or ~~7.1%~~2.8%, and ~~$5.2~~$5.9 million, or ~~11.1%~~8.2%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. ~~The increase in the second quarter and first six months was primarily due to foreign~~Foreign currency fluctuations ~~which~~ resulted in ~~an increase~~a decrease in operating expenses of ~~approximately $1.4~~$0.5 million and ~~$4.3~~an increase of $3.8 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. Other operating expenses as a percentage of net premiums totaled ~~7.3%~~7.5% and 7.2% for the third quarter and 7.2% and 7.3% for the ~~second quarter and 7.1% and 7.4% for the~~ first ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Financial Solutions Reinsurance

Income before income taxes increased by ~~$36.5~~$25.3 million, or ~~126.2%~~81.6%, and ~~$43.7~~$69.0 million, or ~~71.9%~~75.1%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The increases in income before income taxes were primarily due to favorable performance in the closed block longevity and payout annuity businesses. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations resulted in ~~an increase~~a decrease in income before income taxes ~~totaling $3.3~~of $0.7 million and ~~$7.7~~an increase of $7.0 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

Net premiums increased by ~~$10.6~~$9.8 million, or ~~27.6%~~25.0%, and ~~$16.6~~$26.4 million, or ~~20.6%~~22.0%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The increases in net premiums were due to increased volumes of closed block longevity business. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations ~~increased~~decreased net premiums by ~~approximately $3.0~~$0.2 million and ~~$8.4~~increased them by $8.1 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

Table of Contents

Net investment income increased ~~$12.3~~$6.7 million, or ~~43.9%~~21.5%, and ~~$14.6~~$21.2 million, or ~~25.2%~~23.9%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The increases in investment income were due to an increased invested asset base resulting from business growth. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations resulted in ~~an increase~~a decrease in net investment income of ~~approximately $2.3~~$0.2 million and ~~$5.7~~an increase of $5.5 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

Other revenues decreased by $0.6 million, or 10.0%, and increased by ~~$1.0~~$1.5 million, or ~~21.7%, and $2.1 million, or 25.8%~~11.1%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The ~~increases~~decrease in ~~fees earned from this business are~~other revenues for the third quarter was primarily due to ~~new transactions. Fees earned can vary significantly depending~~the fair value change on longevity derivative contracts in the ~~size~~third quarter of 2017. The increase in other revenues for the ~~transactions and the timing~~first nine months of ~~their completion and, therefore, can fluctuate from period~~2018 was primarily due to ~~period.~~increased volumes of fee income business. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations resulted in ~~an increase~~a decrease in other revenues of ~~approximately $0.3~~$0.1 million and ~~$0.9~~an increase of $0.8 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

Claims and other policy benefits decreased ~~$14.9~~$11.4 million, or ~~40.6%~~32.1%, and ~~$8.4~~$19.8 million, or ~~11.6%~~18.3%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The ~~decreases~~decrease in the ~~second~~third quarter was due to higher terminations in closed block longevity and payout annuity businesses. The decrease in the first ~~six~~nine months ~~were~~was primarily due to ~~the~~higher terminations in closed block longevity ~~business resulting from higher terminations.~~business. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations resulted in an increase in claims and other policy benefits of ~~approximately $1.8~~$0.3 million and ~~$6.5~~$6.8 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

~~Table of Contents~~

Interest credited expense ~~increased~~decreased by ~~$4.4~~$0.1 million and ~~decreased by $2.3~~$2.4 million or the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. Interest credited in this segment relates to amounts credited to the contractholders of unit-linked products. The effect on interest credited related to unit-linked products is substantially offset by a corresponding change in investment income.

Other operating expenses increased ~~$0.7~~$0.4 million, or ~~9.7%~~5.2%, and ~~$1.1~~$1.5 million, or ~~7.1%~~6.4%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in ~~2017. The increases are primarily~~2017 due to ~~foreign~~normal growth in operations. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations ~~which~~ resulted in ~~an increase~~a decrease in operating expenses of ~~approximately $0.5~~$0.1 million and an increase of $1.5 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

Asia Pacific Operations

The Asia Pacific operations include business generated by its offices principally in Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. The Traditional segment’s principal types of reinsurance include individual and group life and health, critical illness, disability and superannuation. Superannuation is the Australian government mandated compulsory retirement savings program. Superannuation funds accumulate retirement funds for employees, and, in addition, typically offer life and disability insurance coverage. The Financial Solutions segment includes financial reinsurance, asset-intensive and certain disability and life blocks. Reinsurance agreements may be facultative or automatic agreements covering primarily individual risks and in some markets, group risks.

(dollars in thousands) Three months ended June 30,
2018 2017
Revenues: Traditional Financial Solutions Total Asia Pacific Traditional Financial Solutions Total Asia Pacific
Net premiums $ 538,799
$ 30
$ 538,829
$ 537,352
$ 549
$ 537,901
Investment income, net of related expenses 24,076
10,184
34,260
22,345
8,570
30,915
Investment related gains (losses), net —
1,904
1,904
—
3,582
3,582
Other revenues 7,645
5,874
13,519
1,832
5,283
7,115
Total revenues 570,520
17,992
588,512
561,529
17,984
579,513
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits 435,592
2,405
437,997
423,294
1,565
424,859
Interest credited —
6,660
6,660
—
5,572
5,572
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses 37,584
728
38,312
51,259
1,541
52,800
Other operating expenses 38,482
4,061
42,543
33,654
3,929
37,583
Total benefits and expenses 511,658
13,854
525,512
508,207
12,607
520,814
Income (loss) before income taxes $ 58,862
$ 4,138
$ 63,000
$ 53,322
$ 5,377
$ 58,699


(dollars in thousands)	Six months ended June 30,												Three months ended September 30,
	2018						2017						2018								2017
Revenues:	Traditional		Financial Solutions		Total Asia Pacific		Traditional		Financial Solutions		Total Asia Pacific		Traditional		Financial Solutions			Total Asia Pacific			Traditional		Financial Solutions			Total Asia Pacific
Net premiums	$	1,128,312	$	708	$	1,129,020	$	1,020,659	$	2,075	$	1,022,734	$	551,695	$	75		$	551,770		$	536,931	$	19		$	536,950
Investment income, net of related expenses	48,676		20,578		69,254		44,247		14,106		58,353		23,169		10,145			33,314			23,858		10,556			34,414
Investment related gains (losses), net	8		5,371		5,379		—		10,767		10,767		—		(438		)	(438		)	—		758			758
Other revenues	8,063		11,181		19,244		1,853		11,488		13,341		3,171		6,385			9,556			871		5,599			6,470
Total revenues	1,185,059		37,838		1,222,897		1,066,759		38,436		1,105,195		578,035		16,167			594,202			561,660		16,932			578,592
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	930,786		6,873		937,659		778,733		8,060		786,793		431,570		3,894			435,464			442,358		6,110			448,468
Interest credited	—		13,054		13,054		—		8,569		8,569		—		6,875			6,875			—		7,026			7,026
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	96,366		1,925		98,291		124,116		3,458		127,574		42,063		786			42,849			55,891		653			56,544
Other operating expenses	76,158		7,827		83,985		68,900		7,100		76,000		42,395		4,406			46,801			36,847		3,372			40,219
Total benefits and expenses	1,103,310		29,679		1,132,989		971,749		27,187		998,936		516,028		15,961			531,989			535,096		17,161			552,257
Income before income taxes	$	81,749	$	8,159	$	89,908	$	95,010	$	11,249	$	106,259
Income (loss) before income taxes													$	62,007	$	206		$	62,213		$	26,564	$	(229	)	$	26,335

Table of Contents



(dollars in thousands)	Nine months ended September 30,
	2018						2017
Revenues:	Traditional		Financial Solutions		Total Asia Pacific		Traditional		Financial Solutions		Total Asia Pacific
Net premiums	$	1,680,007	$	783	$	1,680,790	$	1,557,590	$	2,094	$	1,559,684
Investment income, net of related expenses	71,845		30,723		102,568		68,105		24,662		92,767
Investment related gains (losses), net	8		4,933		4,941		—		11,525		11,525
Other revenues	11,234		17,566		28,800		2,724		17,087		19,811
Total revenues	1,763,094		54,005		1,817,099		1,628,419		55,368		1,683,787
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	1,362,356		10,767		1,373,123		1,221,091		14,170		1,235,261
Interest credited	—		19,929		19,929		—		15,595		15,595
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	138,429		2,711		141,140		180,007		4,111		184,118
Other operating expenses	118,553		12,233		130,786		105,747		10,472		116,219
Total benefits and expenses	1,619,338		45,640		1,664,978		1,506,845		44,348		1,551,193
Income before income taxes	$	143,756	$	8,365	$	152,121	$	121,574	$	11,020	$	132,594

Income before income taxes increased by ~~$4.3~~$35.9 million, or ~~7.3%~~136.2%, and ~~decreased by $16.4~~$19.5 million, or ~~15.4%~~14.7%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The ~~increase~~increases in income before income taxes for the ~~second~~third quarter ~~was~~and first nine months were due to business growth across the ~~region. The decrease~~region and net favorable claims experience in Asia. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations resulted in an increase in income before income taxes ~~for the first six months was primarily due to unfavorable claims experience, notably in Australia~~of $1.1 million and ~~new business mix. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations had a negligible effect on income before income taxes~~$2.2 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

Traditional Reinsurance

Income before income taxes increased by ~~$5.5~~$35.4 million, or ~~10.4%~~133.4%, and ~~decreased by $13.3~~$22.2 million, or ~~14.0%~~18.2%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The increase in income before income taxes infor the ~~second quarter~~three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to business growth across the ~~region. The decrease~~region and favorable claims experience in Asia partially offset by adverse claims experience in Australia. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations resulted in an increase in income before income taxes ~~for the first six months was primarily due to unfavorable claims experience, largely in Australia,~~of $1.2 million and ~~new business mix. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations had a negligible effect on income before income taxes~~$2.1 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

Net premiums increased by ~~$1.4~~$14.8 million, or ~~0.3%~~2.7%, and ~~$107.7~~$122.4 million, or ~~10.5%~~7.9%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The increases were driven by new business written in Asian markets ~~and currency fluctuations.~~partially offset by the effect of three treaties recaptured in Australia in the fourth quarter of 2017. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations resulted in ~~an increase~~a decrease in net premiums of ~~approximately $9.2~~$14.9 million and ~~$30.5~~an increase of $15.6 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months of 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

A portion of the net premiums for the segment, in each period presented, relates to reinsurance of critical illness coverage. This coverage provides a benefit in the event of the diagnosis of a pre-defined critical illness. Reinsurance of critical illness in the segment is offered primarily in South Korea, Australia and Hong Kong. Net premiums earned from this coverage totaled ~~$180.9~~$191.1 million and ~~$174.3~~$158.6 million for the ~~second~~third quarter and ~~$416.6~~$607.7 million and ~~$316.2~~$474.8 million for the first ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Net investment income ~~increased $1.7~~decreased $0.7 million, or ~~7.7%~~2.9%, and ~~$4.4~~increased $3.7 million, or ~~10.0%~~5.5%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The ~~increases were~~decrease in the third quarter was primarily due to foreign currency exchange fluctuations. The increase in the first nine months of 2018 was primarily due to an increase in investment yield, partially offset by a ~~higher invested~~slightly lower asset ~~base.~~base, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations resulted in ~~an increase~~a decrease in net investment income of ~~approximately $0.2~~$1.1 million and ~~$1.0~~$0.1 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

Other revenues increased by ~~$5.8~~$2.3 million, or ~~317.3%~~264.1%, and ~~$6.2~~$8.5 million, or ~~335.1%~~312.4%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. ~~These variances are primarily due~~Foreign currency exchange fluctuations resulted in an increase in other revenues of $0.6 million and $0.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to ~~gains and losses related to foreign currency transactions.~~the same periods in 2017.

Loss ratios for this segment were ~~80.8%~~78.2% and ~~78.8%~~82.4% for the ~~second~~third quarter and ~~82.5%~~81.1% and ~~76.3%~~78.4% for the first ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The ~~increases~~decrease in the loss ratios for the ~~second~~third quarter ~~and~~was primarily due to favorable claims experience in Asia, partially offset by adverse claims experience in Australia. The increase in the first ~~six~~nine months of 2018 ~~were~~was primarily due to ~~unfavorable claims experience, largely in Australia and~~ new business ~~mix.~~mix, partially offset by assumption updates reflecting net favorable claims experience.

Table of Contents

Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of net premiums were ~~7.0%~~7.6% and ~~9.5%~~10.4% for the ~~second~~third quarter and ~~8.5%~~8.2% and ~~12.2%~~11.6% for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. These percentages fluctuate due to timing of client company reporting, premium refunds, variations in the mixture of business and the relative maturity of the business. In addition, as the segment grows, renewal premiums, which have lower allowances than first-year premiums, represent a greater percentage of the total net premiums.

Other operating expenses increased ~~$4.8~~$5.5 million, or ~~14.3%~~15.1%, and ~~$7.3~~$12.8 million, or ~~10.5%~~12.1%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017 mainly due to growth in operations in Asia and consultant expenditures. Other operating expenses as a percentage of net premiums totaled ~~7.1%~~7.7% and ~~6.3%~~6.9% for the ~~second~~third quarter and ~~6.7%~~7.1% and 6.8% for the first ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The timing of premium flows and the level of costs associated with the entrance into and development of new markets within the segment may cause other operating expenses as a percentage of net premiums to fluctuate over periods of time.

Financial Solutions Reinsurance

Income before income taxes increased by $0.4 million, or 190.0%, and decreased by ~~$1.2~~$2.7 million, or ~~23.0%, and $3.1 million, or 27.5%~~24.1%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The ~~decreases~~decrease in income before income taxes ~~were~~for the first nine months of 2018 was primarily due to a decline in investment related gains (losses) associated with a closed treaty in Japan. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations had a negligible effect on income before income taxes for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

~~Table of Contents~~

Net premiums ~~decreased $0.5~~increased $0.1 million or ~~94.5%~~294.7%, and ~~$1.4~~decreased by $1.3 million, or ~~65.9%~~62.6%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The ~~decreases~~decrease for the ~~second quarter and~~ first ~~six~~nine months ~~were~~was due to policy lapses on a closed treaty in Japan. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations had a negligible effect on net premiums for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

Net investment income ~~increased $1.6~~decreased $0.4 million, or ~~18.8%~~3.9%, and ~~$6.5~~increased by $6.1 million, or ~~45.9%~~24.6%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018,, as compared to the same periods in 2017 mainly due to ~~growth~~an increase in ~~the invested~~investment yield, partially offset by a slightly lower asset base. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations ~~had~~resulted in a ~~negligible effect~~decrease on net investment income of $0.4 million and $0.1 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017.

Other revenues increased by ~~$0.6~~$0.8 million, or ~~11.2%~~14.0%, and ~~decreased by $0.3~~$0.5 million, or ~~2.7%~~2.8%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. At ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017, the amount of reinsurance assumed from client companies, as measured by pre-tax statutory surplus, risk based capital and other financial reinsurance structures was ~~$2.8~~$2.9 billion and ~~$1.4~~$2.4 billion, respectively. Fees earned from this business can vary significantly depending on the size of the transactions and the timing of their completion and, therefore, can fluctuate from period to period.

Claims and other policy benefits ~~increased~~decreased by ~~$0.8~~$2.2 million, or ~~53.7%~~36.3%, and ~~decreased by $1.2~~$3.4 million, or ~~14.7%~~24.0%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The ~~increase~~decreases in the ~~second~~third quarter ~~was primarily due to new treaties in Asia entered in the second quarter of 2018. The decrease in the~~and first ~~six~~nine months iswere attributable to lower lapses on the aforementioned closed treaty in Japan, partially offset by higher claims and policy benefits from new business.

Other operating expenses increased by ~~$0.1~~$1.0 million, or ~~3.4%~~30.7%, and ~~decreased by $0.7~~$1.8 million, or ~~10.2%~~16.8%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017, respectively. The timing of transactions and the level of costs associated with the entrance into and development of new markets within the segment may cause other operating expenses to fluctuate over periods of time.

Corporate and Other

Corporate and Other revenues primarily include investment income from unallocated invested assets and investment related gains and losses. Corporate and Other expenses consist of the offset to capital charges allocated to the operating segments within the policy acquisition costs and other insurance income line item, unallocated overhead and executive costs, interest expense related to debt, and the investment income and expense associated with the Company’s collateral finance and securitization transactions. Additionally, Corporate and Other includes results from certain wholly-owned subsidiaries, such as RGAx, and joint ventures that, among other activities, develop and market technology, and provide consulting and outsourcing solutions for the insurance and reinsurance industries.

Table of Contents


(dollars in thousands)	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,						Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017
Revenues:
Net premiums	$	10		$	42		$	20		$	86		$	7		$	23		$	27		$	109
Investment income, net of related expenses	32,727			36,305			72,873			67,468			51,846			41,108			124,719			108,576
Investment related gains (losses), net	(23,281		)	15,685			(32,215		)	862			(22,524		)	6,994			(54,739		)	7,856
Other revenues	6,344			2,456			14,377			7,624			8,509			1,502			22,886			9,126
Total revenues	15,800			54,488			55,055			76,040			37,838			49,627			92,893			125,667
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	108			(13		)	428			14			24			(15		)	452			(1		)
Interest credited	2,717			1,497			4,927			2,621			3,015			1,799			7,942			4,420
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance income	(30,496		)	(26,779		)	(61,008		)	(53,846		)	(30,531		)	(26,848		)	(91,539		)	(80,694		)
Other operating expenses	66,270			38,141			129,230			78,513			64,896			45,601			194,126			124,114
Interest expense	37,025			29,352			74,479			71,754			33,290			36,836			107,769			108,590
Collateral finance and securitization expense	7,440			6,773			15,042			13,543			7,467			7,692			22,509			21,235
Total benefits and expenses	83,064			48,971			163,098			112,599			78,161			65,065			241,259			177,664
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	(67,264	)	$	5,517		$	(108,043	)	$	(36,559	)	$	(40,323	)	$	(15,438	)	$	(148,366	)	$	(51,997	)

Loss before income taxes increased by ~~$72.8~~$24.9 million and ~~$71.5~~$96.4 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The ~~increase~~increases in loss before income taxes for the ~~second~~third quarter and the first ~~six~~nine months isare primarily due to decreased net investment related gains and higher other operating expenses partially offset by increased other revenue.

~~Table of Contents~~

Net investment income ~~decreased~~increased by ~~$3.6~~$10.7 million, or ~~9.9%~~26.1%, and ~~increased by $5.4~~$16.1 million, or ~~8.0%~~14.9%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The ~~decrease~~increases in the ~~second~~third quarter ~~was mainly due to lower investment yields. The increase in~~and the first ~~six~~nine months ~~was~~were related to an increase in unallocated invested assets and higher variable investment ~~yields.~~income.

Net investment related gains (losses) decreased by ~~$39.0~~$29.5 million and ~~$33.1~~$62.6 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The unfavorable change in the ~~second~~third quarter was largely caused by an increase in net losses on the sale of securities of ~~$40.0~~$17.4 million and a ~~$6.9~~$12.4 million ~~reduction~~increase in impairments on fixed maturity securities and other investments, which was offset by a $3.3 million increase in fair value of equity securities. The decrease in the first nine months was primarily due to net losses on the sale of securities and a $7.7 million decrease in the fair value of equity securities, which was partially offset by a $7.2 million decrease in impairments on fixed maturity securities and other investments. The decrease in the first six months was primarily due to a $43.0 million increase in net losses on the sale of securities and an ~~$11.1 million decrease in fair value of equity securities, which was partially offset by a $21.0~~$8.6 million reduction in other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities and other investments.

Other revenues increased by ~~$3.9~~$7.0 million ~~or 158.3%,~~ and ~~$6.8~~$13.8 million ~~or 88.6%,~~ for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The increase in the ~~second~~third quarter was mainly due to the Company’s January 2018 acquisition of LOGiQ3 Inc., a group of companies providing technology, consulting and outsourcing solutions primarily to the North American life insurance and reinsurance industry, which contributed ~~$5.2~~$5.7 million to other revenues in the current quarter. The acquisition of LOGiQ3 Inc. contributed ~~$10.0~~$15.7 million toof other revenues in the first ~~six~~nine months.

Policy acquisition costs and other insurance income increased by $3.7 million, or ~~13.9%~~13.7%, and ~~$7.2~~$10.8 million, or ~~13.3%~~13.4%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. Fluctuations period over period were attributable to the offset to capital charges allocated to the operating segments.

Other operating expenses increased by ~~$28.1~~$19.3 million, or ~~73.8%~~42.3%, and ~~$50.7~~$70.0 million, or ~~64.6%~~56.4%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The increase in operating expenses, for both periods presented, was primarily related to increased consulting and compensation expenses. The increase in these expenses was due to increased compliance costs, strategic initiatives, acquisitions and increased incentive-based compensation. The aforementioned acquisition of LOGiQ3 Inc. contributed ~~$7.1~~$7.4 million and ~~$13.9~~$21.4 million of other operating expenses in the current quarter and first ~~six~~nine months, respectively.

Interest expense ~~increased~~decreased by ~~$7.7~~$3.5 million, or ~~26.1%~~9.6%, and ~~$2.7~~$0.8 million, or ~~3.8%~~0.8%, for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, as compared to the same periods in 2017. The ~~increase~~decrease in interest expense ~~for both periods presented~~in the third quarter was ~~primarily caused by~~mainly due to a ~~lower~~ reduction in tax-related interest expense, ~~which, specifically for~~and the ~~six month period,~~decrease in the first nine months was ~~partially offset by~~mainly the result of the repayment of $300.0 million of long-term debt in 2017.

Table of Contents

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

The Company believes that cash flows from the source of funds available to it will provide sufficient cash flows for the next twelve months to satisfy the current liquidity requirements of RGA, Inc. and its subsidiaries under various scenarios that include the potential risk of early recapture of reinsurance treaties, market events and higher than expected claims. The Company performs periodic liquidity stress testing to ensure its asset portfolio includes sufficient high quality liquid assets that could be utilized to bolster its liquidity position under stress scenarios. These assets could be utilized as collateral for secured borrowing transactions with various third parties or by selling the securities in the open market if needed. The Company’s liquidity requirements have been and will continue to be funded through net cash flows from operations. However, in the event of significant unanticipated cash requirements beyond normal liquidity needs, the Company has multiple liquidity alternatives available based on market conditions and the amount and timing of the liquidity need. These alternatives include borrowings under committed credit facilities, secured borrowings, the ability to issue long-term debt, preferred securities or common equity and, if necessary, the sale of invested assets subject to market conditions.

Current Market Environment

The current low interest rate environment in select markets, primarily the U.S. and Canada, continues to put downward pressure on the Company’s investment yield. The Company’s average investment yield, excluding spread business, for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 was ~~4.39%~~4.45%, 1116 basis points below the same period in 2017. The Company’s insurance liabilities, in particular its annuity products, are sensitive to changing market factors. Due to ~~recent~~ increases in risk free interest rates, gross unrealized gains on fixed maturity securities available-for-sale decreased from $2,982.8 million at December 31, 2017 to ~~$2,143.2~~$1,907.2 million at ~~June~~September 30, 2018. Gross unrealized losses increased from $113.3 million at December 31, 2017 to ~~$592.2~~$653.1 million at ~~June~~September 30, 2018.

~~Table of Contents~~

The Company continues to be in a position to hold any investment security showing an unrealized loss until recovery, provided it remains comfortable with the credit of the issuer. As indicated above, gross unrealized gains on fixed maturity securities of ~~$2,143.2~~$1,907.2 million remain well in excess of gross unrealized losses of ~~$592.2~~$653.1 million as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018. The Company does not rely on short-term funding or commercial paper and to date it has experienced no liquidity pressure, nor does it anticipate such pressure in the foreseeable future.

The Company projects its ~~reserves~~future policy benefits and other insurance liabilities to be sufficient, and it would not expect to write down deferred acquisition costs or be required to take any actions to augment capital, even if interest rates remain at current levels for the next five years, assuming all other factors remain constant. While the Company has felt the pressures of sustained low interest rates and volatile equity markets and may continue to do so, its business operations are not overly sensitive to these risks. Although management believes the Company’s current capital base is adequate to support its business at current operating levels, it continues to monitor new business opportunities and any associated new capital needs that could arise from the changing financial landscape.

The Holding Company

RGA is an insurance holding company whose primary uses of liquidity include, but are not limited to, the immediate capital needs of its operating companies, dividends paid to its shareholders, repurchase of common stock and interest payments on its indebtedness. The primary sources of RGA’s liquidity include proceeds from its capital-raising efforts, interest income on undeployed corporate investments, interest income received on surplus notes with RGA Reinsurance, RCM and Rockwood Re and dividends from operating subsidiaries. As the Company continues its expansion efforts, RGA will continue to be dependent upon these sources of liquidity. The following tables provide comparative information for RGA (dollars in thousands):


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,				Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017		2018		2017		2018		2017
Interest expense	$	47,250	$	37,100	$	92,694	$	87,321	$	40,924	$	44,697	$	133,618	$	132,018
Capital contributions to subsidiaries	12,000		11,000		23,000		18,500		17,850		10,000		40,850		28,500
Dividends to shareholders	32,129		26,434		64,370		52,815		38,071		32,271		102,441		85,086
Interest and dividend income	232,473		27,748		264,020		52,281		132,035		23,635		396,055		75,916

June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Cash and invested assets $ 644,472
$ 779,996



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Cash and invested assets	$	498,708	$	779,996

See Item 15, Schedule II - “Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant” in the 2017 Annual Report for additional financial information related to RGA.

Table of Contents

The undistributed earnings of substantially all of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries have been reinvested indefinitely in those non-U.S. operations, as described in Note 9 - “Income Tax” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2017 Annual Report. As U.S. Tax Reform generally eliminates U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries, the Company does not expect to incur material income taxes if these funds are repatriated.

RGA endeavors to maintain a capital structure that provides financial and operational flexibility to its subsidiaries, credit ratings that support its competitive position in the financial services marketplace, and shareholder returns. As part of the Company’s capital deployment strategy, it has in recent years repurchased shares of RGA common stock and paid dividends to RGA shareholders, as authorized by the board of directors. RGA’s current share repurchase program, which was approved by the board of directors in January 2017, authorizes the repurchase of up to $400.0 million of common stock. The pace of repurchase activity depends on various factors such as the level of available cash, an evaluation of the costs and benefits associated with alternative uses of excess capital, such as acquisitions and in force reinsurance transactions, and RGA’s stock price.

Details underlying dividend and share repurchase program activity were as follows (in thousands, except share data):

Six months ended June 30,
2018 2017
Dividends to shareholders $ 64,370
$ 52,815
Repurchases of treasury stock 150,000
—
Total amount paid to shareholders $ 214,370
$ 52,815

Number of shares repurchased 991,477
—
Average price per share $ 151.29
$ —

~~Table of Contents~~



	Nine months ended September 30,
	2018		2017
Dividends to shareholders	$	102,441	$	85,086
Repurchases of treasury stock	258,524		26,897
Total amount paid to shareholders	$	360,965	$	111,983

Number of shares repurchased	1,750,295		208,680
Average price per share	$	147.70	$	128.89

In ~~July~~October 2018, RGA’s board of directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.60 per share. All future payments of dividends are at the discretion of RGA’s board of directors and will depend on the Company’s earnings, capital requirements, insurance regulatory conditions, operating conditions, and other such factors as the board of directors may deem relevant. The amount of dividends that RGA can pay will depend in part on the operations of its reinsurance subsidiaries. See Note 3 - “Equity” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information on the Company’s share repurchase program.

Debt

Certain of the Company’s debt agreements contain financial covenant restrictions related to, among others, liens, the issuance and disposition of stock of restricted subsidiaries, minimum requirements of consolidated net worth, maximum ratios of debt to capitalization and change of control provisions. The ~~Company is required~~Company’s most restrictive debt agreement requires it to maintain a minimum consolidated net worth, as defined in the debt ~~agreements,~~agreement, of ~~$3.5~~$5.3 billion, calculated as of the last day of each fiscal quarter. Also, consolidated indebtedness, calculated as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, cannot exceed 35% of the sum of the Company’s consolidated indebtedness plus adjusted consolidated stockholders’ equity. A material ongoing covenant default could require immediate payment of the amount due, including principal, under the various agreements. Additionally, the Company’s debt agreements contain cross-default covenants, which would make outstanding borrowings immediately payable in the event of a material uncured covenant default under any of the agreements, including, but not limited to, non-payment of indebtedness when due for an amount in excess of ~~$100.0 million,~~the amounts set forth in those agreements, bankruptcy proceedings, or any other event which results in the acceleration of the maturity of indebtedness.

As of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $2.8 billion in outstanding borrowings under its debt agreements and was in compliance with all covenants under those agreements. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the average net interest rate on long-term debt outstanding was 5.24%. The ability of the Company to make debt principal and interest payments depends on the earnings and surplus of subsidiaries, investment earnings on undeployed capital proceeds, available liquidity at the holding company, and the Company’s ability to raise additional funds.

The Company enters into derivative agreements with counterparties that reference either the Company’s debt rating or its financial strength rating. If either rating is downgraded in the future, it could trigger certain terms in the Company’s derivative agreements, which could negatively affect overall liquidity. For the majority of the Company’s derivative agreements, there is a termination event, at the Company’s option, should the long-term senior debt ratings drop below either BBB+ (S&P) or Baa1 (Moody’s) or the financial strength ratings drop below either A- (S&P) or A3 (Moody’s).

The Company may borrow up to $850.0 million in cash and obtain letters of credit in multiple currencies on its revolving credit facility that matures in ~~September 2019.~~August 2023. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2018, the Company had no cash borrowings outstanding and ~~$80.4~~$18.3 million in issued, but undrawn, letters of credit under this facility.

Table of Contents

Based on the historic cash flows and the current financial results of the Company, management believes RGA’s cash flows will be sufficient to enable RGA to meet its obligations for at least the next 12 months.

Credit and Committed Facilities

At ~~June~~September 30, 2018, the Company maintained an $850.0 million syndicated revolving credit facility and certain committed letter of credit facilities aggregating ~~$1,263.8~~$1,256.1 million. See Note 12 - "Financing Activities" in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Note 13 - “Debt” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2017 Annual Report for further information about these facilities.

The Company has obtained bank letters of credit in favor of various affiliated and unaffiliated insurance companies from which the Company assumes business. These letters of credit represent guarantees of performance under the reinsurance agreements and allow ceding companies to take statutory reserve credits. Certain of these letters of credit contain financial covenant restrictions similar to those described in the “Debt” discussion above. At ~~June~~September 30, 2018, there were approximately ~~$103.7~~$94.8 million of outstanding bank letters of credit in favor of third parties. Additionally, in accordance with applicable regulations, the Company utilizes letters of credit to secure statutory reserve credits when it retrocedes business to its affiliated subsidiaries. The Company cedes business to its affiliates to help reduce the amount of regulatory capital required in certain jurisdictions, such as the U.S. and the UK. The Company believes the capital required to support the business in the affiliates reflects more realistic expectations than the original jurisdiction of the business, where capital requirements are often considered to be quite conservative. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2018, $1.4 billion in letters of credit from various banks were outstanding, but undrawn, backing reinsurance between the various subsidiaries of the Company.

Cash Flows

The Company’s principal cash inflows from its reinsurance operations include premiums and deposit funds received from ceding companies. The primary liquidity concerns with respect to these cash flows are early recapture of the reinsurance contract by the ceding company and lapses of annuity products reinsured by the Company. The Company’s principal cash inflows from its invested assets result from investment income and the maturity and sales of invested assets. The primary liquidity concerns with respect to these cash inflows relates to the risk of default by debtors and interest rate volatility. The Company manages these risks very closely. See “Investments” and “Interest Rate Risk” below.

~~Table of Contents~~

Additional sources of liquidity to meet unexpected cash outflows in excess of operating cash inflows and current cash and equivalents on hand include selling short-term investments or fixed maturity securities and drawing funds under a revolving credit facility, under which the Company had availability of ~~$769.6~~$831.7 million as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018. The Company also has $1.1 billion of funds available through collateralized borrowings from the FHLB as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2018, the Company could have borrowed these additional amounts without violating any of its existing debt covenants.

The Company’s principal cash outflows relate to the payment of claims liabilities, interest credited, operating expenses, income taxes, dividends to shareholders, purchases of treasury stock and principal and interest under debt and other financing obligations. The Company seeks to limit its exposure to loss on any single insured and to recover a portion of benefits paid by ceding reinsurance to other insurance enterprises or reinsurers under excess coverage and coinsurance contracts (See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2017 Annual Report). The Company performs annual financial reviews of its retrocessionaires to evaluate financial stability and performance. The Company has never experienced a material default in connection with retrocession arrangements, nor has it experienced any difficulty in collecting claims recoverable from retrocessionaires; however, no assurance can be given as to the future performance of such retrocessionaires nor to the recoverability of future claims. The Company’s management believes its current sources of liquidity are adequate to meet its cash requirements for the next 12 months.

Table of Contents

Summary of Primary Sources and Uses of Liquidity and Capital

The Company’s primary sources and uses of liquidity and capital are summarized as follows:


		For the six months ended June 30,						For the nine months ended September 30,
		2018		2017				2018		2017
		(Dollars in thousands)						(Dollars in thousands)
Sources:	Sources:						Sources:
	Net cash provided by operating activities	$	583,588	$	655,974		Net cash provided by operating activities	$	1,100,163	$	1,104,499
	Exercise of stock options, net	1,252		2,527			Net cash provided by investing activities	31,012		—
	Change in cash collateral for derivative positions and other arrangements	17,578		—			Exercise of stock options, net	2,336		4,450
	Cash provided by changes in universal life and other						Cash provided by changes in universal life and other
	investment type policies and contracts	—		515,147			investment type policies and contracts	—		438,774
	Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	—		34,137			Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	—		43,699
	Total sources	602,418		1,207,785			Total sources	1,133,511		1,591,422

Uses:	Uses:						Uses:
	Net cash used in investing activities	100,615		889,675			Net cash used in investing activities	—		1,056,334
	Dividends to stockholders	64,370		52,815			Dividends to stockholders	102,441		85,086
	Repayment of collateral finance and securitization notes	53,102		23,761			Repayment of collateral finance and securitization notes	75,146		56,637
	Principal payments of long-term debt	1,331		301,278			Principal payments of long-term debt	2,007		301,927
	Repurchase and repayment of collateral finance facility securities	—		—			Purchases of treasury stock	273,873		41,360
	Purchases of treasury stock	165,069		10,578			Change in cash collateral for derivatives and other arrangements	21,288		46,206
	Change in cash collateral for derivatives and other arrangements	—		7,046			Cash used for changes in universal life and other
	Cash used for changes in universal life and other						investment type policies and contracts	199,778		—
	investment type policies and contracts	104,023		—			Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	32,013		—
	Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	19,753		—			Total uses	706,546		1,587,550
	Total uses	508,263		1,285,153
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	Net change in cash and cash equivalents	$	94,155	$	(77,368	)	Net change in cash and cash equivalents	$	426,965	$	3,872

Cash Flows from Operations - The principal cash inflows from the Company’s reinsurance activities come from premiums, investment and fee income, annuity considerations and deposit funds. The principal cash outflows relate to the liabilities associated with various life and health insurance, annuity and disability products, operating expenses, income tax payments and interest on outstanding debt obligations. The primary liquidity concern with respect to these cash flows is the risk of shortfalls in premiums and investment income, particularly in periods with abnormally high claims levels.

Cash Flows from Investments - The principal cash inflows from the Company’s investment activities come from repayments of principal on invested assets, proceeds from maturities of invested assets, sales of invested assets and settlements of freestanding derivatives. The principal cash outflows relate to purchases of investments, issuances of policy loans and settlements of freestanding derivatives. The Company typically has a net cash outflow from investing activities because cash inflows from insurance operations are reinvested in accordance with its asset/liability management discipline to fund insurance liabilities. The Company closely monitors and manages these risks through its credit risk management process. The primary liquidity concerns with respect to these cash flows are the risk of default by debtors and market disruption, which could make it difficult for the Company to sell investments.

Financing Cash Flows - The principal cash inflows from the Company’s financing activities come from issuances of RGA debt and equity securities, and deposit funds associated with universal life and other investment type policies and contracts. The principal

~~Table of Contents~~

cash outflows come from repayments of debt, payments of dividends to stockholders, purchases of treasury stock, and withdrawals associated with universal life and other investment type policies and contracts. A primary liquidity concern with respect to these cash flows is the risk of early contractholder and policyholder withdrawal.

Contractual Obligations

There were no material changes in the Company’s contractual obligations from those previously reported in the 2017 Annual Report.

Asset / Liability Management

The Company actively manages its cash and invested assets using an approach that is intended to balance quality, diversification, asset/liability matching, liquidity and investment return. The goals of the investment process are to optimize after-tax, risk-adjusted investment income and after-tax, risk-adjusted total return while managing the assets and liabilities on a cash flow and duration basis.

The Company has established target asset portfolios for its operating segments, which represent the investment strategies intended to profitably fund its liabilities within acceptable risk parameters. These strategies include objectives and limits for effective duration, yield curve sensitivity and convexity, liquidity, asset sector concentration and credit quality.

Table of Contents

The Company’s asset-intensive products are primarily supported by investments in fixed maturity securities reflected on the Company’s balance sheet and under funds withheld arrangements with the ceding company. Investment guidelines are established to structure the investment portfolio based upon the type, duration and behavior of products in the liability portfolio so as to achieve targeted levels of profitability. The Company manages the asset-intensive business to provide a targeted spread between the interest rate earned on investments and the interest rate credited to the underlying interest-sensitive contract liabilities. The Company periodically reviews models projecting different interest rate scenarios and their effect on profitability. Certain of these asset-intensive agreements, primarily in the U.S. and Latin America Financial Solutions operating segment, are generally funded by fixed maturity securities that are withheld by the ceding company.

The Company’s liquidity position (cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments) was ~~$1,520.7~~$1,960.4 million and $1,396.8 million at ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents includes cash collateral received from derivative counterparties of ~~$194.1~~$159.2 million and $185.9 million as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. This unrestricted cash collateral is included in cash and cash equivalents and the obligation to return it is included in other liabilities in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Liquidity needs are determined from valuation analyses conducted by operational units and are driven by product portfolios. Periodic evaluations of demand liabilities and short-term liquid assets are designed to adjust specific portfolios, as well as their durations and maturities, in response to anticipated liquidity needs.

See “Securities Borrowing, Lending and Other” in Note 4 - “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information related to the Company’s securities borrowing, lending and repurchase/reverse repurchase programs. In addition to its security agreements with third parties, certain RGA’s subsidiaries have entered into intercompany securities lending agreements to more efficiently source securities for lending to third parties and to provide for more efficient regulatory capital management.

The Company is a member of the FHLB and holds ~~$71.8~~$71.4 million of FHLB common stock, which is included in other invested assets on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Membership provides the Company access to borrowing arrangements (“advances”) and funding agreements, discussed below, with the FHLB. The Company did not have any advances from the FHLB at ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The Company had no ~~outstanding balance of~~ advances during the ~~second~~third quarter and the first ~~six~~nine months of 2018 ~~respectively,~~ and ~~was $39.5~~had average outstanding balances for advances of $8.2 million and ~~$21.4~~$17.0 million during the ~~second~~third quarter and the first ~~six~~nine months of 2017, respectively. Interest on advances is reflected in interest expense on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income.

In addition, the Company has also entered into funding agreements with the FHLB under guaranteed investment contracts whereby the Company has issued the funding agreements in exchange for cash and for which the FHLB has been granted a blanket lien on the Company’s commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities and commercial mortgage loans used to collateralize the Company’s obligations under the funding agreements. The Company maintains control over these pledged assets, and may use, commingle, encumber or dispose of any portion of the collateral as long as there is no event of default and the remaining qualified collateral is sufficient to satisfy the collateral maintenance level. The funding agreements and the related security agreements represented by this blanket lien provide that upon any event of default by the Company, the FHLB’s recovery is limited to the amount of the Company’s liability under the outstanding funding agreements. The amount of the Company’s liability for the funding agreements with the FHLB under guaranteed investment contracts was ~~$1.5 billion and~~ $1.4 billion at ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, which is included in interest sensitive contract liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The advances on these agreements are collateralized primarily by commercial and residential

~~Table of Contents~~

mortgage-backed securities, commercial mortgage loans, and U.S. Treasury and government agency securities. The amount of collateral exceeds the liability and is dependent on the type of assets collateralizing the guaranteed investment contracts.

Investments

Management of Investments

The Company’s investment and derivative strategies involve matching the characteristics of its reinsurance products and other obligations and to seek to closely approximate the interest rate sensitivity of the assets with estimated interest rate sensitivity of the reinsurance liabilities. The Company achieves its income objectives through strategic and tactical asset allocations, security and derivative strategies within an asset/liability management and disciplined risk management framework. Derivative strategies are employed within the Company’s risk management framework to help manage duration, currency, and other risks in assets and/or liabilities and to replicate the credit characteristics of certain assets. For a discussion of the Company’s risk management process see “Market and Credit Risk” in the “Enterprise Risk Management” section below.

Table of Contents

The Company’s portfolio management groups work with the Enterprise Risk Management function to develop the investment policies for the assets of the Company’s domestic and international investment portfolios. All investments held by the Company, directly or in a funds withheld at interest reinsurance arrangement, are monitored for conformance with the Company’s stated investment policy limits as well as any limits prescribed by the applicable jurisdiction’s insurance laws and regulations. See Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Company’s investments.

Portfolio Composition

The Company had total cash and invested assets of ~~$51.9~~$54.8 billion and $53.0 billion at ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, as illustrated below (dollars in thousands):


	June 30, 2018		% of Total		December 31, 2017		% of Total		September 30, 2018		% of Total		December 31, 2017		% of Total
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	36,784,954	70.9	%	$	38,150,820	71.9	%	$	39,005,212	71.1	%	$	38,150,820	71.9	%
Equity securities	108,070		0.2		100,152		0.2		101,069		0.2		100,152		0.2
Mortgage loans on real estate	4,558,669		8.8		4,400,533		8.3		4,779,074		8.7		4,400,533		8.3
Policy loans	1,339,252		2.6		1,357,624		2.6		1,320,050		2.4		1,357,624		2.6
Funds withheld at interest	5,981,092		11.5		6,083,388		11.5		5,976,301		10.9		6,083,388		11.5
Short-term investments	123,028		0.2		93,304		0.2		229,928		0.4		93,304		0.2
Other invested assets	1,605,562		3.1		1,505,332		2.8		1,706,979		3.1		1,505,332		2.8
Cash and cash equivalents	1,397,679		2.7		1,303,524		2.5		1,730,489		3.2		1,303,524		2.5
Total cash and invested assets	$	51,898,306	100.0	%	$	52,994,677	100.0	%	$	54,849,102	100.0	%	$	52,994,677	100.0	%

Investment Yield

The following table presents consolidated average invested assets at amortized cost, net investment income and investment yield, excluding spread related business. Spread related business is primarily associated with contracts on which the Company earns an interest rate spread between assets and liabilities. To varying degrees, fluctuations in the yield on other spread related business is generally subject to corresponding adjustments to the interest credited on the liabilities (dollars in thousands).


	Three months ended June 30,								Six months ended June 30,								Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017			Increase/ (Decrease)		2018			2017			Increase/ (Decrease)		2018			2017			Increase/ (Decrease)		2018			2017			Increase/ (Decrease)
Average invested assets at amortized cost	$	26,899,416		$	25,172,367		6.9	%	$	26,816,599		$	25,052,849		7.0	%	$	27,029,073		$	25,887,338		4.4	%	$	26,689,086		$	25,136,119		6.2	%
Net investment income	285,832			284,884			0.3	%	582,305			558,092			4.3	%	303,860			305,632			(0.6	)%	886,165			863,724			2.6	%
Investment yield (ratio of net investment income to average invested assets)	4.32		%	4.60		%	(28 bps)		4.39		%	4.50		%	(11 bps)		4.57		%	4.81		%	(24 bps)		4.45		%	4.61		%	(16 bps)

Investment yield decreased for the three months and nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 in comparison to the same ~~period~~periods in the prior year primarily due to decreased income from ~~limited partnership and~~ joint venture investments, ~~both of~~ which ~~are~~is included in other invested assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, and the effect of the low interest rate environment. Investment yield decreased for the six months ended June 30, 2018 in comparison to the same period in the prior year primarily due to decreased income from make-whole premiums and the effect of the low interest rate environment.

~~Table of Contents~~

Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Available-for-Sale

See “Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Available-for-Sale” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for tables that provide the amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses, estimated fair value of these securities, and the other-than-temporary impairments in AOCI by sector as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Table of Contents

Important factors in the selection of investments include diversification, quality, yield, call protection and total rate of return potential. The relative importance of these factors is determined by market conditions and the underlying reinsurance liability and existing portfolio characteristics. The largest asset class in which fixed maturity securities were invested was corporate securities, which represented approximately ~~61.2%~~62.7% and 60.9% of total fixed maturity securities as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. See “Corporate Fixed Maturity Securities” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for tables showing the major industry types, which comprise the corporate fixed maturity holdings at ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

As of ~~June~~September 30, 2018, the Company’s investments in Canadian and Canadian provincial government securities represented ~~11.0%~~10.3% of the fair value of total fixed maturity securities compared to 11.1% of the fair value of total fixed maturity securities at December 31, 2017. These assets are primarily high quality, long duration provincial strips, the valuation of which is closely linked to the interest rate curve. These assets are longer in duration and held primarily for asset/liability management to meet Canadian regulatory requirements. See “Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Available-for-Sale” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for tables showing the various sectors as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

The Company references rating agency designations in some of its investments disclosures. These designations are based on the ratings from nationally recognized statistical rating organizations, primarily Moody’s, S&P and Fitch. Structured securities (mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities) held by the Company’s insurance subsidiaries that maintain the NAIC statutory basis of accounting utilize the NAIC rating methodology. The NAIC assigns designations to publicly traded as well as privately placed securities. The designations assigned by the NAIC range from class 1 to class 6, with designations in classes 1 and 2 generally considered investment grade (BBB or higher rating agency designation). NAIC designations in classes 3 through 6 are generally considered below investment grade (BB or lower rating agency designation).

The quality of the Company’s available-for-sale fixed maturity securities portfolio, as measured at fair value and by the percentage of fixed maturity securities invested in various ratings categories, relative to the entire available-for-sale fixed maturity security portfolio, at ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was as follows (dollars in thousands):

June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
NAIC
  Designation

Rating Agency
Designation
Amortized Cost
Estimated
Fair Value
% of Total      Amortized Cost
Estimated
     Fair Value
% of Total
1 AAA/AA/A $ 23,206,331
$ 24,697,276
67.2 % $ 23,534,574
$ 25,762,103
67.5 %
2 BBB 10,309,842
10,413,893
28.3
10,115,008
10,709,170
28.1
3 BB 1,165,503
1,136,259
3.1
1,139,200
1,173,639
3.1
4 B 501,101
488,648
1.3
408,990
420,284
1.1
5 CCC and lower 45,696
42,876
0.1
78,143
79,747
0.2
6 In or near default 5,497
6,002
—
5,497
5,877
—
Total $ 35,233,970
$ 36,784,954
100.0 % $ 35,281,412
$ 38,150,820
100.0 %

~~Table of Contents~~



		September 30, 2018						December 31, 2017
NAIC Designation	Rating Agency Designation	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		% of Total		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		% of Total
1	AAA/AA/A	$	24,627,894	$	25,837,847	66.2	%	$	23,534,574	$	25,762,103	67.5	%
2	BBB	11,466,201		11,526,902		29.6		10,115,008		10,709,170		28.1
3	BB	1,187,035		1,168,627		3.0		1,139,200		1,173,639		3.1
4	B	425,572		424,040		1.1		408,990		420,284		1.1
5	CCC and lower	27,341		30,106		0.1		78,143		79,747		0.2
6	In or near default	17,089		17,690		—		5,497		5,877		—
	Total	$	37,751,132	$	39,005,212	100.0	%	$	35,281,412	$	38,150,820	100.0	%

The Company’s fixed maturity portfolio includes structured securities. The following table shows the types of structured securities the Company held at ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):


	June 30, 2018				December 31, 2017				September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
RMBS:
Agency	$	840,284	$	833,587	$	878,559	$	896,977	$	813,762	$	795,873	$	878,559	$	896,977
Non-agency	997,032		987,627		816,567		822,903		1,003,187		984,889		816,567		822,903
Total RMBS	1,837,316		1,821,214		1,695,126		1,719,880		1,816,949		1,780,762		1,695,126		1,719,880
CMBS	1,249,616		1,242,509		1,285,594		1,303,387		1,282,015		1,273,534		1,285,594		1,303,387
ABS	1,711,099		1,708,824		1,634,758		1,648,362		1,867,650		1,863,017		1,634,758		1,648,362
Total	$	4,798,031	$	4,772,547	$	4,615,478	$	4,671,629	$	4,966,614	$	4,917,313	$	4,615,478	$	4,671,629

Table of Contents

The Company’s RMBS include agency-issued pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. A majority of the agency-issued pass-through securities are guaranteed or otherwise supported by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Federal National Mortgage Association, or the Government National Mortgage Association. The principal risks inherent in holding mortgage-backed securities are prepayment and extension risks, which will affect the timing of when cash will be received and are dependent on the level of mortgage interest rates. Prepayment risk is the unexpected increase in principal payments from the expected, primarily as a result of owner refinancing. Extension risk relates to the unexpected slowdown in principal payments from the expected. In addition, non-agency mortgage-backed securities face credit risk should the borrower be unable to pay the contractual interest or principal on their obligation. The Company monitors its mortgage-backed securities to mitigate exposure to the cash flow uncertainties associated with these risks.

The Company’s ABS include credit card receivables, railcar leasing, student loans, single-family rentals, home equity loans and collateralized debt obligations (primarily collateralized loan obligations). The Company owns floating rate securities that represent approximately ~~15.5%~~15.2% and 13.8% of the total fixed maturity securities at ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. These investments have a higher degree of income variability than the other fixed income holdings in the portfolio due to the floating rate nature of the interest payments. The Company holds these investments to match specific floating rate liabilities primarily reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as collateral finance notes, as well as to enhance asset management strategies. In addition to the risks associated with floating rate securities, principal risks in holding asset-backed securities are structural, credit and capital market risks. Structural risks include the securities’ cash flow priority in the capital structure and the inherent prepayment sensitivity of the underlying collateral. Credit risks include the adequacy and ability to realize proceeds from the collateral. Credit risks are mitigated by credit enhancements which include excess spread, over-collateralization and subordination. Capital market risks include general level of interest rates and the liquidity for these securities in the marketplace.

The Company monitors its fixed maturity securities to determine impairments in value and evaluates factors such as financial condition of the issuer, payment performance, the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been below amortized cost, compliance with covenants, general market and industry sector conditions, current intent and ability to hold securities, and various other subjective factors. Based on management’s judgment, securities determined to have an other-than-temporary impairment in value are written down to fair value. See “Investments – Other-than-Temporary Impairment” in Note 2 – “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2017 Annual Report for additional information. The table below summarizes other-than-temporary impairments and changes in the mortgage loan provision for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands).


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,				Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017		2018		2017		2018		2017
Impairment losses on fixed maturity securities	$	3,350	$	3,401	$	3,350	$	20,590
Impairment losses on available-for-sale securities
Fixed maturity securities									$	10,705	$	390	$	14,055	$	20,980
Equity securities									—		889		—		889
Other impairment losses	512		6,309		1,340		6,307		5,910		1,469		7,249		7,776
Change in mortgage loan provision	845		366		329		467		656		977		986		1,444
Total	$	4,707	$	10,076	$	5,019	$	27,364	$	17,271	$	3,725	$	22,290	$	31,089

6970

Table of Contents

At ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had ~~$592.2~~$653.1 million and $113.3 million, respectively, of gross unrealized losses related to its fixed maturity securities. The distribution of the gross unrealized losses related to these securities is shown below.


	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Sector:
Corporate	69.2	%	48.8	%	63.8	%	48.8	%
Canadian government	0.7		1.5		0.6		1.5
RMBS	5.8		10.5		7.7		10.5
ABS	2.3		4.6		2.3		4.6
CMBS	2.7		4.3		2.6		4.3
U.S. government	11.2		19.4		14.5		19.4
State and political subdivisions	1.6		3.8		2.1		3.8
Other foreign government	6.5		7.1		6.4		7.1
Total	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%
Industry:
Finance	25.0	%	15.8	%	24.0	%	15.8	%
Asset-backed	2.3		4.6		2.3		4.6
Industrial	37.6		30.0		32.6		30.0
Mortgage-backed	8.5		14.8		10.3		14.8
Government	20.0		31.8		23.6		31.8
Utility	6.6		3.0		7.2		3.0
Total	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%

See “Unrealized Losses for Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Available-for-Sale” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a table that presents the total gross unrealized losses for these securities at ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, where the estimated fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost by less than 20% or more than 20%.

The Company’s determination of whether a decline in value is other-than-temporary includes analysis of the underlying credit and the extent and duration of a decline in value. The Company’s credit analysis of an investment includes determining whether the issuer is current on its contractual payments, evaluating whether it is probable that the Company will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the security and analyzing the overall ability of the Company to recover the amortized cost of the investment. In the Company’s impairment review process, the duration and severity of an unrealized loss position for equity securities are given greater weight and consideration given the lack of contractual cash flows and the deferability features of these securities.

See “Unrealized Losses for Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Available-for-Sale” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for tables that present the estimated fair values and gross unrealized losses, including other-than-temporary impairment losses reported in AOCI, for these securities that have estimated fair values below amortized cost, by class and grade security, as well as the length of time the related market value has remained below amortized cost as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

As of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company classified approximately ~~5.7%~~4.9% and 5.9%, respectively, of its fixed maturity securities in the Level 3 category (refer to Note 6 – “Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information). These securities primarily consist of private placement corporate securities, bank loans, and Canadian provincial strips ~~below investment grade mortgage-backed securities and subprime asset-backed securities~~ with inactive trading markets.

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

Mortgage loans represented approximately ~~8.8%~~8.7% and 8.3% of the Company’s cash and invested assets as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The Company’s mortgage loan portfolio consists of U.S. and Canadian based investments primarily in commercial offices, light industrial properties and retail locations. The mortgage loan portfolio is diversified by geographic region and property type. Additional information on geographic concentration and property type can be found under “Mortgage Loans on Real Estate” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

7071

Table of Contents

As of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company’s mortgage loans, gross of unamortized deferred loan origination fees and expenses and valuation allowances, were distributed geographically as follows (dollars in thousands):


	June 30, 2018				December 31, 2017				September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Recorded Investment		% of Total		Recorded Investment		% of Total		Recorded Investment		% of Total		Recorded Investment		% of Total
U.S. Region:
Pacific	$	1,331,967	29.0	%	$	1,258,753	28.6	%	$	1,342,410	27.9	%	$	1,258,753	28.6	%
South Atlantic	926,086		20.3		896,117		20.3		962,752		20.1		896,117		20.3
Mountain	625,485		13.7		694,324		15.7		678,604		14.2		694,324		15.7
East North Central	530,002		11.6		527,316		11.9		579,162		12.1		527,316		11.9
West North Central	314,855		6.9		309,326		7.0		302,538		6.3		309,326		7.0
West South Central	452,282		9.9		387,151		8.8		502,670		10.5		387,151		8.8
Middle Atlantic	171,788		3.8		137,600		3.1		170,974		3.6		137,600		3.1
East South Central	95,836		2.1		96,887		2.2		124,447		2.6		96,887		2.2
New England	5,664		0.1		5,700		0.1		5,637		0.1		5,700		0.1
Subtotal - U.S.	4,453,965		97.4		4,313,174		97.7		4,669,194		97.4		4,313,174		97.7
Canada	118,598		2.6		99,997		2.3		125,032		2.6		99,997		2.3
Total	$	4,572,563	100.0	%	$	4,413,171	100.0	%	$	4,794,226	100.0	%	$	4,413,171	100.0	%

Valuation allowances on mortgage loans are established based upon inherent losses expected by management to be realized in connection with future dispositions or settlement of mortgage loans, including foreclosures. The valuation allowances are established after management considers, among other things, the value of underlying collateral and payment capabilities of debtors. Any subsequent adjustments to the valuation allowances will be treated as investment gains or losses. See “Mortgage Loans on Real Estate” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding valuation allowances and impairments.

Policy Loans

Policy loans comprised approximately 2.4% and 2.6% of the Company’s cash and invested assets as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, the majority of which are associated with one client. These policy loans present no credit risk because the amount of the loan cannot exceed the obligation due the ceding company upon the death of the insured or surrender of the underlying policy. The provisions of the treaties in force and the underlying policies determine the policy loan interest rates. The Company earns a spread between the interest rate earned on policy loans and the interest rate credited to corresponding liabilities.

Funds Withheld at Interest

Funds withheld at interest comprised approximately 10.9% and 11.5% of the Company’s cash and invested assets as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, ~~2017.~~2017, respectively. For reinsurance agreements written on a modified coinsurance basis and certain agreements written on a coinsurance basis, assets equal to the net statutory reserves are withheld and legally owned and managed by the ceding company, and are reflected as funds withheld at interest on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. In the event of a ceding company’s insolvency, the Company would need to assert a claim on the assets supporting its reserve liabilities. However, the risk of loss to the Company is mitigated by its ability to offset amounts it owes the ceding company for claims or allowances against amounts owed by the ceding company. Interest accrues to the total funds withheld at interest assets at rates defined by the treaty terms. ~~Additionally, under certain treaties the~~The Company is subject to the investment performance on the withheld assets, although it does not directly control them. These assets are primarily fixed maturity investment securities and pose risks similar to the fixed maturity securities the Company owns. To mitigate this risk, the Company helps set the investment guidelines followed by the ceding company and monitors compliance. Ceding companies with funds withheld at interest had an average financial strength rating of “A” at ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Certain ceding companies maintain segregated portfolios for the benefit of the Company.

Other Invested Assets

Other invested assets include limited partnership interests, joint ventures (other than operating joint ventures), equity release mortgages, derivative contracts, FVO contractholder-directed unit-linked investments and FHLB common stock. Other invested assets represented approximately 3.1% and 2.8% of the Company’s cash and invested assets as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. See “Other Invested Assets” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a table that presents the carrying value of the Company’s other invested assets by type as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

7172

Table of Contents

The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments to protect the Company against possible changes in the fair value of its investment portfolio as a result of interest rate changes, to hedge against risk of changes in the purchase price of securities, to hedge liabilities associated with the reinsurance of variable annuities with guaranteed living benefits and to manage the portfolio’s effective yield, maturity and duration. In addition, the Company utilizes derivative financial instruments to reduce the risk associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company uses both exchange-traded, centrally cleared, and customized over-the-counter derivative financial instruments.

See Note 5 - “Derivative Instruments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a table that presents the notional amounts and fair value of investment related derivative instruments held at ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

The Company may be exposed to credit-related losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments. Generally, the credit exposure of the Company’s derivative contracts is limited to the fair value at the reporting date plus or minus any collateral posted or held by the Company. The Company had no net credit exposure related to its derivative contracts, excluding futures and mortality swaps, at ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, as the net amount of collateral pledged to the Company from counterparties exceeded the fair value of the derivative contracts.

The Company manages its credit risk related to over-the-counter derivatives by entering into transactions with creditworthy counterparties, maintaining collateral arrangements and through the use of master agreements that provide for a single net payment to be made by one counterparty to another at each due date and upon termination. As exchange-traded futures are affected through regulated exchanges, and positions are marked to market on a daily basis, the Company has minimal exposure to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties. See Note 5 - “Derivative Instruments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding the Company’s derivative instruments.

Enterprise Risk Management

RGA maintains a dedicated Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) function that is responsible for analyzing and reporting the Company’s risks on an aggregated basis; facilitating monitoring to ensure the Company’s risks remain within its appetites and limits; and ensuring, on an ongoing basis, that RGA’s ERM objectives are met. This includes ensuring proper risk controls are in place; risks are effectively identified, assessed, and managed; and key risks to which the Company is exposed are disclosed to appropriate stakeholders. The ERM function plays an important role in fostering the Company’s risk management culture and practices.

Enterprise Risk Management Structure and Governance

The Board of Directors (“the Board”) oversees enterprise risk through its standing committees. The Finance, Investments, and Risk Management (“FIRM”) Committee of the Board oversees the management of the Company’s ERM program and policies. The FIRM receives regular reports and assessments which describe the Company’s key risk exposures and include quantitative and qualitative assessments and information about breaches, exceptions, and waivers.

The Company’s Global Chief Risk Officer (“CRO”) leads the dedicated ERM function. The CRO reports to the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and has direct access to the Board through the FIRM Committee with formal reporting occurring quarterly. The CRO is supported by a network of Business Unit Chief Risk Officers and Risk Management Officers throughout the business who are responsible for the analysis and management of risks within their scope. A Lead Risk Management Officer is assigned to each risk to take overall responsibility to monitor and assess the risk consistently across all markets.

In addition to leading the ERM function, the CRO also chairs the Company’s Risk Management Steering Committee (“RMSC”), which is made up of senior management executives, including the CEO, the Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), and the Chief Operating Officer, among others. The RMSC provides oversight for the Insurance, Market and Credit, Capital, and Operational risk committees and retains direct risk oversight responsibilities for the following:

Company’s global ERM framework, activities, and issues.

Identification, assessments, and management of all known, new and emerging strategic risk exposures.

Risk appetite statement, including the ongoing alignment of the risk appetite statement with the Company’s strategy and capital plans.

Review, revise and approve RGA group-level strategic risk limits consistent with the risk appetite statement

The Insurance, Market and Credit, Capital, and Operational risk committees have direct oversight accountability for their respective risks areas including the identification, assessments, and management of known, new and emerging risk exposures and the review and approval of RGA group-level risk limits

To ensure appropriate oversight of enterprise-wide risk management issues without unnecessary duplication, as well as to foster cross-committee communication and coordination regarding risk issues, risk committee chairs attend RMSC meetings. In addition

7273

Table of Contents

to the risk committees, their sub-committees and working groups, some RGA operating entities have risk management committees that oversee relevant risks related to segment-level risk limits.

Enterprise Risk Management Framework

RGA’s ERM framework provides a platform to assess the risk / return profiles of risks throughout the organization to enable enhanced decision making by business leaders. The ERM framework also guides the development and implementation of mitigation strategies to reduce exposures to these risks to acceptable levels.

RGA’s ERM framework includes the following elements:


1.	Risk Culture: Risk management is an integral part of the Company’s culture and is embedded in RGA’s business processes in accordance with RGA’s risk philosophy. As the cornerstone of the ERM framework, a culture of prudent risk management reinforced by senior management plays a preeminent role in the effective management of risks assumed by RGA.


2.	Risk Appetite Statement: A general and high level overview of the risk profile RGA aims to achieve to meet its strategic objectives. This statement is then supported by more granular risk limits guiding the businesses to achieve this Risk Appetite Statement.


3.	Risk Limits: Risk Limits establish the maximum amount of defined risk that the Company is willing to assume to remain within the Company’s overall risk appetite. These risks have been identified by the management of the Company as relevant to manage the overall risk profile of the Company while allowing achievement of strategic objectives.


4.	Risk Assessment Process: RGA uses qualitative and quantitative methods to assess key risks through a portfolio approach, which analyzes established and emerging risks in conjunction with other risks.


5.	Business Specific Limits/Controls: These limits/controls provide additional safeguards against undesired risk exposures and are embedded in business processes. Examples include maximum retention limits, pricing and underwriting reviews, per issuer limits, concentration limits, and standard treaty language.

Proactive risk monitoring and reporting enable early detection and mitigation of emerging risks. The RMSC and its subcommittees monitor adherence to risk limits through the ERM function, which reports regularly to the RMSC and FIRM Committee. The frequency of monitoring is tailored to the volatility assessment and relative priority of each risk. Risk escalation channels coupled with open communication lines enhance the mitigants explained above. The Company has devoted significant resources to developing its ERM program and expects to continue to do so in the future. Nonetheless, the Company’s policies and procedures to identify, manage, and monitor risks may not be fully effective. Many of the Company’s methods for managing risk are based on historical information, which may not be a good predictor of future risk exposures, such as the risk of a pandemic causing a large number of deaths. Management of operational, legal, and regulatory risk relies on policies and procedures which may not be fully effective under all scenarios.

Risk Categories

The Company groups its risks into the following categories: Insurance risk, Market and Credit risk, Capital risk, Operational risk and Strategic risk. Specific risk assessments and descriptions can be found below and in Item 1A – “Risk Factors” of the 2017 Annual Report.

Insurance Risk

Insurance risk is the risk of lower or negative earnings and potentially a reduction in enterprise value due to a greater amount of benefits and related expenses paid than expected, or from non-market related adverse policyholder or client behavior. The Company uses multiple approaches to managing insurance risk: active insurance risk assessment and pricing appropriately for the risks assumed, transferring undesired risks, and managing the retained exposure prudently. These strategies are explained below.

Insurance Risk Assessment and Pricing

The Company has developed extensive expertise in assessing insurance risks which ultimately forms an integral part of ensuring that it is compensated commensurately for the risks it assumes and that it does not overpay for the risks it transfers to third parties. This expertise includes a vast array of market and product knowledge supported by a large information database of historical experience which is closely monitored. Analysis and experience studies derived from this database help form the basis for the Company’s pricing assumptions which are used in developing rates for new risks. If actual mortality or morbidity experience is materially adverse, some reinsurance treaties allow for increases to future premium rates.

7374

Table of Contents

Misestimation of any key risk can threaten the long term viability of the enterprise. Further, the pricing process is a key operational risk and significant effort is applied to ensuring the appropriateness of pricing assumptions. Some of the safeguards the Company uses to ensure proper pricing are: experience studies, strict underwriting, sensitivity and scenario testing, pricing guidelines and controls, authority limits and internal and external pricing reviews. In addition, the ERM function provides pricing oversight which includes periodic pricing audits.

Risk Transfer

To minimize volatility in financial results and reduce the impact of large losses, the Company transfers some of its insurance risk to third parties using vehicles such as retrocession and catastrophe coverage.

Individual Exposure Retrocession

In the normal course of business, the Company seeks to limit its exposure to loss on any single insured and to recover a portion of claims paid by ceding reinsurance to other insurance enterprises (or retrocessionaires) under excess coverage and coinsurance contracts. In individual life markets, the Company retains a maximum of $8.0 million of coverage per individual life. In certain limited situations the Company has retained more than $8.0 million per individual life. The Company enters into agreements with other reinsurers to mitigate the residual risk related to the over-retained policies. Additionally, due to some lower face amount reinsurance coverages provided by the Company in addition to individual life, such as group life, disability and health, under certain circumstances, the Company could potentially incur claims totaling more than $8.0 million per individual life.

Catastrophic Excess Loss Retrocession

The Company seeks to limit its exposure to loss on its assumed catastrophic excess of loss reinsurance agreements by ceding a portion of its exposure to multiple retrocessionaires through retrocession line slips or directly to retrocession markets. The Company’s policy is to retain a maximum of $20.0 million of catastrophic loss exposure per agreement and to retrocede up to $30.0 million additional loss exposures to the retrocession markets. The Company limits its exposure on a country-by-country (and state-by-state in the U.S.) basis by managing its total exposure to all catastrophic excess of loss agreements bound within a given country to established maximum aggregate exposures. The maximum exposures are established and managed both on gross amounts issued prior to including retrocession and for amounts net of exposures retroceded.

Catastrophe Coverage

The Company accesses the markets each year for annual catastrophic coverages and reviews current coverage and pricing of current and alternate designs. The coverage may vary from year to year based on the Company’s perceived value of such protection. The current policy covers events involving 8 or more insured deaths from a single occurrence and covers $100.0 million of claims in excess of the Company’s $25.0 million deductible.

Managing Retained Exposure

The Company retains most of the inbound insurance risk. The Company manages the retained exposure proactively using various mitigating factors such as diversification and limits. Diversification is the primary mitigating factor of short term volatility risk, but it also mitigates adverse impacts of changes in long term trends and catastrophic events. The Company’s insured populations are dispersed globally, diversifying the insurance exposure because factors that cause actual experience to deviate materially from expectations do not affect all areas uniformly and synchronously or in close sequence. A variety of limits mitigate retained insurance risk. Examples of these limits include geographic exposure limits, which set the maximum amount of business that can be written in a given country, and jumbo limits, which prevent excessive coverage on a given individual.

In the event that mortality or morbidity experience develops in excess of expectations, some reinsurance treaties allow for increases to future premium rates. Other treaties include experience refund provisions, which may also help reduce RGA’s mortality risk.

RGA has various methods to manage its insurance risks, including access to the capital and reinsurance markets.

Market and Credit Risk

Market and Credit risk is the risk of lower or negative earnings and potentially a reduction in enterprise value due to changes in the market prices of asset and liabilities.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest Rate risk is risk that changes in the level and volatility of nominal interest rates affect the profitability, value or solvency position of the Company. This includes credit spread changes and inflation but excludes credit quality deterioration. This risk arises from many of the Company’s primary activities, as the Company invests substantial funds in interest-sensitive assets, primarily fixed maturity securities, and also has certain interest-sensitive contract liabilities. A prolonged period where market yields are significantly below the book yields of the Company’s asset portfolio puts downward pressure on portfolio book yields.

7475

Table of Contents

The Company has been proactive in its investment strategies, reinsurance structures and overall asset-liability management practices to reduce the risk of unfavorable consequences in this type of environment.

The Company manages interest rate risk to optimize the return on the Company’s capital and to preserve the value created by its business operations within certain constraints. For example, certain management and monitoring processes are designed to minimize the effect of sudden and/or sustained changes in interest rates on fair value, cash flows, and net interest income. The Company manages its exposure to interest rates principally by managing the relative matching of the cash flows of its liabilities and assets.

The Company’s exposure to interest rate price risk and interest rate cash flow risk is reviewed on a quarterly basis. Interest rate price risk exposure is measured using interest rate sensitivity analysis to determine the change in fair value of the Company’s financial instruments in the event of a hypothetical change in interest rates. Interest rate cash flow risk exposure is measured using interest rate sensitivity analysis to determine the Company’s variability in cash flows in the event of a hypothetical change in interest rates.

In order to reduce the exposure to changes in fair values from interest rate fluctuations, the Company has developed strategies to manage the net interest rate sensitivity of its assets and liabilities. In addition, from time to time, the Company has utilized the swap market to manage the sensitivity of fair values to interest rate fluctuations.

Inflation can also have direct effects on the Company’s assets and liabilities. The primary direct effect of inflation is the increase in operating expenses. A large portion of the Company’s operating expenses consists of salaries, which are subject to wage increases at least partly affected by the rate of inflation.

The Company reinsures annuities with benefits indexed to the cost of living. Some of these benefits are hedged with a combination of CPI swaps and indexed bonds when material.

Long Term Care products have an inflation component linked to the future cost of such services. If health care costs increase at a much larger rate than what is prevalent in the nominal interest rates available in the markets, the Company may not earn enough investment yield to pay future claims on such products.

Foreign Currency Risk

Foreign currency risk is the risk of changes in level and volatility of currency exchange rates affect the profitability, value or solvency position of the Company. The Company manages its exposure to currency principally by currency matching invested assets with the underlying liabilities to the extent possible. The Company has in place net investment hedges for a portion of its investments in its Canadian operations to reduce excess exposure to these currencies. Translation differences resulting from translating foreign subsidiary balances to U.S. dollars are reflected in stockholders’ equity on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company generally does not hedge the foreign currency exposure of its subsidiaries transacting business in currencies other than their functional currency (transaction exposure). However, the Company has entered into cross currency swaps to manage exposure to specific currencies. The majority of the Company’s foreign currency transactions are denominated in Australian dollars, British pounds, Canadian dollars, Euros, Japanese yen, Korean won, and the South African rand. The maximum amount of assets held in a specific currency (with the exception of the U.S. dollar) is measured relative to risk targets and is monitored regularly.

Real Estate Risk

Real Estate risk is the risk that changes in the level and volatility of real estate market valuations may impact the profitability, value or solvency position of the Company. The Company has investments in direct real estate equity and debt instruments collateralized by real estate (“real estate loans”). Real estate equity risks include significant reduction in valuations, which could be caused by downturns in the broad economy or in specific geographic regions or sectors. In addition, real estate loan risks include defaults, borrower or tenant bankruptcy and reduced liquidity. Real estate loan risks are partially mitigated by the excess of the value of the property over the loan principle, which provides a buffer should the value of the real estate decrease. The Company manages its real estate loan risk by diversifying by property type and geography and through exposure limits.

Equity Risk

Equity risk is the risk that changes in the level and volatility of equity market valuations affect the profitability, value or solvency position of the Company. This risk includes Variable Annuity and other equity linked exposures and asset related equity exposure. The Company assumes equity risk from alternative investments, fixed indexed annuities and variable annuities. The Company uses derivatives to hedge its exposure to movements in equity markets that have a direct correlation with certain of its reinsurance products.

7576

Table of Contents

Alternative Investments

Alternative investments are investments in non-traditional asset classes that primarily back the Company’s capital and surplus. The Company generally restricts the alternative investments portfolio to non-liability supporting assets: that is, free surplus. Alternative investments generally encompass: hedge funds, emerging markets debt, distressed debt, commodities, infrastructure, tax credits, and equities, both public and private. The Company mitigates its exposure to alternative investments by limiting the size of the alternative investments holding and using per-issuer investment limits.

Fixed Indexed Annuities

The Company reinsures fixed indexed annuities (“FIAs”). Credits for FIAs are affected by changes in equity markets. Thus the fair value of the benefit is primarily a function of index returns and volatility. The Company hedges most of the underlying FIA equity exposure with derivatives.

Variable Annuities

The Company reinsures variable annuities including those with guaranteed minimum death benefits (“GMDB”), guaranteed minimum income benefits (“GMIB”), guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits (“GMAB”) and guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (“GMWB”). Strong equity markets, increases in interest rates and decreases in equity market volatility will generally decrease the fair value of the liabilities underlying the benefits. Conversely, a decrease in the equity markets along with a decrease in interest rates and an increase in equity market volatility will generally result in an increase in the fair value of the liabilities underlying the benefits, which has the effect of increasing reserves and lowering earnings. The Company maintains a customized dynamic hedging program that is designed to substantially mitigate the risks associated with income volatility around the change in reserves on guaranteed benefits, ignoring the Company’s own credit risk assessment. However, the hedge positions may not fully offset the changes in the carrying value of the guarantees due to, among other things, time lags, high levels of volatility in the equity and derivative markets, extreme swings in interest rates, unexpected contract holder behavior, and divergence between the performance of the underlying funds and hedging indices. These factors, individually or collectively, may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s net income, financial condition or liquidity. The table below provides a summary of variable annuity account values and the fair value of the guaranteed benefits as of ~~June~~September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.


(dollars in millions)	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
No guaranteed minimum benefits	$	877	$	950	$	870	$	950
GMDB only	177		182		179		182
GMIB only	24		24		24		24
GMAB only	13		22		10		22
GMWB only	1,268		1,366		1,244		1,366
GMDB / WB	318		343		309		343
Other	24		31		23		31
Total variable annuity account values	$	2,701	$	2,918	$	2,659	$	2,918
Fair value of liabilities associated with living benefit riders	$	122	$	152	$	90	$	152

Credit Risk

Credit risk, which includes default risk, is risk of loss due to credit quality deterioration of an individual financial asset, derivative or non-derivative contract or instrument. Credit quality deterioration may or may not be accompanied by a ratings downgrade. Generally, the credit exposure for an asset is limited to the fair value, net of any collateral received, at the reporting date.

Investment Credit Risk

Investment credit risk is credit risk related to invested assets. The Company manages investment credit risk using per-issuer investment limits. In addition to per-issuer limits, the Company also limits the total amounts of investments per rating category. An automated compliance system checks for compliance for all investment positions and sends warning messages when there is a breach. The Company manages its credit risk related to over-the-counter derivatives by entering into transactions with creditworthy counterparties, maintaining collateral arrangements and through the use of master agreements that provide for a single net payment to be made by one counterparty to another at each due date and upon termination. Because futures are transacted through regulated exchanges, and positions are marked to market on a daily basis, the Company has minimal exposure to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to such derivative instruments.

7677

Table of Contents

The Company enters into various collateral arrangements, which require both the posting and accepting of collateral in connection with its derivative instruments. Collateral agreements contain attachment thresholds that vary depending on the posting party’s financial strength ratings. Additionally, a decrease in the Company’s financial strength rating to a specified level results in potential settlement of the derivative positions under the Company’s agreements with its counterparties. A committee is responsible for setting rules and approving and overseeing all transactions requiring collateral. See “Credit Risk” in Note 5 – “Derivative Instruments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on credit risk related to derivatives.

Counterparty Risk

Counterparty risk is the potential for the Company to incur losses due to a client, retrocessionaire, or partner becoming distressed or insolvent. This includes run-on-the-bank risk and collection risk.

Run-on-the-Bank

The risk that a client’s in force block incurs substantial surrenders and/or lapses due to credit impairment, reputation damage or other market changes affecting the counterparty. Substantially higher than expected surrenders and/or lapses could result in inadequate in force business to recover cash paid out for acquisition costs.

Collection Risk

For clients and retrocessionaires, this includes their inability to satisfy a reinsurance agreement because the right of offset is disallowed by the receivership court; the reinsurance contract is rejected by the receiver, resulting in a premature termination of the contract; and/or the security supporting the transaction becomes unavailable to RGA.

The Company manages counterparty risk by limiting the total exposure to a single counterparty and by only initiating contracts with creditworthy counterparties. In addition, some of the counterparties have set up trusts and letters of credit, reducing the Company’s exposure to these counterparties.

Generally, RGA’s insurance subsidiaries retrocede amounts in excess of their retention to certain other RGA insurance subsidiaries. External retrocessions are arranged through the Company’s retrocession pools for amounts in excess of its retention. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2018, all retrocession pool members in this excess retention pool rated by the A.M. Best Company were rated “A-” or better, except for one pool member that was rated “B++”. A rating of “A-” is the fourth highest rating out of sixteen possible ratings. For a majority of the retrocessionaires that were not rated, letters of credit or trust assets have been given as additional security. In addition, the Company performs annual financial and in force reviews of its retrocessionaires to evaluate financial stability and performance.

The Company has never experienced a material default in connection with retrocession arrangements, nor has it experienced any material difficulty in collecting claims recoverable from retrocessionaires; however, no assurance can be given as to the future performance of such retrocessionaires or as to the recoverability of any such claims.

Aggregate Counterparty Limits

In addition to investment credit limits and counterparty limits, there are aggregate counterparty risk limits which include counterparty exposures from reinsurance, financing and investment activities at an aggregated level to control total exposure to a single counterparty. Counterparty risk aggregation is important because it enables the Company to capture risk exposures at a comprehensive level and under more extreme circumstances compared to analyzing the components individually.

All counterparty exposures are calculated on a quarterly basis, reviewed by management and monitored by the ERM function.

Capital Risk

Capital risk is the risk of lower/negative earnings, potential reduction in enterprise value, and/or the loss of ability to conduct business due to insufficient financial capacity, including not having the appropriate amount of group or entity-level capital to conduct business today or in the future. The Company monitors capital risk exposure using relevant bases of measurement including but not limited to economic, rating agency, and local regulatory methodologies. Additionally, the Company regularly assesses risk related to collateral, financing, liquidity and tax.

Collateral Risk

Collateral risk is the risk that collateral will not be available at expected costs or in the capacity required to meet current and future needs. The Company monitors risks related to interest rate movement, collateral requirements and position and capital markets environment. Collateral demands and resources continue to be actively managed with available collateral sources being more than sufficient to cover stress level collateral demands.

7778

Table of Contents

Financing Risk

Financing risk is the risk that capital will not be available at expected costs or in the capacity required. The Company continues to monitor financing risks related to regulatory financing, contingency financing, and debt capital and sees no immediate issues with its current structures, capacity and plans.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company is unable to meet payment obligations at expected costs or in the capacity required. The Company’s traditional liquidity demands include items such as claims, expenses, debt financing and investment purchases which are largely known or can be reasonably forecasted. The Company regularly performs liquidity risk modeling, including both market and Company specific stresses, to assess the sufficiency of available resources.

Tax Risk

Tax risk is the risk that current and future tax positions are different than expected. The Company monitors tax risks related to the evolving tax and regulatory environment, business transactions, legal entity reorganizations, tax compliance obligations, and financial reporting.

Operational Risk

Operational risk is the risk of lower/negative earnings and a potential reduction in enterprise value caused by unexpected losses associated with inadequacy or failure on the part of internal processes, people and systems, or from external events. The Company regularly monitors and assesses the risks related to business conduct and governance, fraud, privacy and security, business disruption, and business operations. Various insurance, market and credit, capital, and strategy risk obligations and concerns often intersect with the Company’s core operational process risk areas. Given the scope of the Company’s business and the number of countries in which it operates, this set of risks has the potential to affect the business locally, regionally, or globally. Operational risks are core to managing the Company’s brand and market confidence as well as maintaining its ability to acquire and retain the appropriate expertise to execute and operate the business.

Business Conduct and Governance

Business conduct and governance is the risk related to management oversight, compliance, market conduct, and legal matters. The Company’s Compliance Risk Management Program facilitates a proactive evaluation of present and potential compliance risks associated with both local and enterprise-wide regulatory requirements as well as compliance with Company policies and procedures.

Fraud Risk

Fraud risk is the risk related to the deliberate abuse of and/or taking of Company assets in order to secure gain for the perpetrator or inflict harm on the Company or other victim. Ongoing monitoring and an annual fraud risk assessment enables the Company to continually evaluate potential fraud risks within the organization.

Privacy and Security Risk

Privacy and security risk is the risk of theft, loss, or unauthorized disclosure of physical or electronic assets resulting in a loss of asset value, confidentiality, or intellectual property. The Company’s privacy and security programs, processes, and procedures are designed to prevent unauthorized physical and electronic theft and the disclosure of confidential and personal data related to its customers, insured individuals or its employees. The Company employs technology, administrative related processes and procedural controls, security measures and other preventative actions to reduce the risk of such incidents.

Business Disruption Risk

Business disruption risk is the risk of impairment to operational capabilities due to the unavailability of people, systems, and/or facilities. The Company’s global business continuity process enables associates to identify potential impacts that threaten operations by providing the framework, policies and procedures and required recurring training for how the Company will recover and restore interrupted critical functions, within a predetermined time, after a disaster or extended disruption, until its normal facilities are restored.

Business Operations Risk

Business operations risk is the risk related to business processes and procedures. Business operations risk includes risk associated with the processing of transactions, data use and management, monitoring and reporting, the integrity and accuracy of models and the use of third party and advisory services.

7879

Table of Contents

Human Capital Risk

Human capital risk is related to workforce management, including talent acquisition, development, retention, and employment relations/regulations. The Company actively monitors human capital risks using multiple practices which include but are not limited to human resource and compliance policies and procedures, regularly reviewing key risk indicators, performance evaluations, compensation and benefits benchmarking, succession planning, employee engagement surveys and associate exit interviews.

Strategic Risk

Strategic risk relates to the planning, implementation, and management of the Company’s business plans and strategies, including the risks associated with: the global environment in which it operates; future law and regulation changes; political risks; and relationships with key external parties.

Strategy Risk

Strategy risk is the risk related to the design and execution of the Company’s strategic plan, including risks associated with merger and acquisition activity. Strategy risks are addressed by a multi-year planning process, regular business unit level assessments of strategy execution and active benchmarking of key performance and risk indicators across the Company’s portfolios of businesses. The Company’s risk appetites and limits are set consistently with strategic objectives.

External Environment Risk

External environment risk relates to external competition, macro trends, and client needs. Macro characteristics that drive market opportunities, risk and growth potential, the competitive landscape and client feedback are closely monitored.

Key Relationships Risk

Key relationships risk relates to areas of important interactions with parties external to the Company. The Company’s reputation is a critical asset in successfully conducting business and therefore relationships with its primary stakeholders (including but not limited to business partners, shareholders, clients, rating agencies, and regulators) are all carefully monitored.

Political and Regulatory Risk

Political and regulatory risk relates to future law and regulation changes and the impact of political changes or instability on the Company’s ability to achieve its objectives. Regulatory and political developments and related risks that may affect the Company are identified, assessed and monitored as part of regular oversight activities.

New Accounting Standards

See Note 1213 — “New Accounting Standards” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There has been no significant change in the Company’s quantitative or qualitative aspects of market risk during the quarter ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018 from that disclosed in the 2017 Annual Report. See “Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Market and Credit Risk”, which is included herein, for additional information.

7980

Table of Contents

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) during the quarter ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

8081

Table of Contents

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

There were no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in the 2017 Annual Report.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table summarizes RGA’s repurchase activity of its common stock during the quarter ended ~~June~~September 30, 2018:

Total Number of Shares
Purchased (1)

Average Price Paid per
Share

Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced Plans
or Programs (1)

Maximum Number (or
Approximate Dollar
Value) of Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased Under
the Plan or Program
April 1, 2018 -
April 30, 2018 5,794
$ 153.58
—
$ 373,103,074
May 1, 2018 -
May 31, 2018 1,039,976
$ 151.22
972,503
$ 225,943,473
June 1, 2018 -
June 30, 2018 29,014
$ 148.26
18,974
$ 223,103,279



	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan or Program
July 1, 2018 - July 31, 2018	16,406	$	139.95	16,406	$	220,807,197
August 1, 2018 - August 31, 2018	683,388	$	143.21	682,222	$	123,103,321
September 1, 2018 - September 30, 2018	60,977	$	141.67	60,190	$	114,579,309

(1)

RGA repurchased ~~972,503~~16,406, 682,222 and ~~18,974~~60,190 shares of common stock under its share repurchase program for ~~$147.2~~$2.3 million, $97.7 million and ~~$2.8~~$8.5 million during ~~May~~July, August and ~~June~~September 2018, respectively. The Company net settled - issuing ~~16,084, 189,507~~364, 3,353 and ~~25,067~~2,081 shares from treasury in July, August and September 2018 and repurchasing from recipients ~~5,794, 67,473~~1,166 and ~~10,040~~787 shares in ~~April, May~~August and ~~June~~September 2018, respectively, in settlement of income tax withholding requirements incurred by the recipients of an equity incentive award.

In January 2017, RGA’s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program, with no expiration date, for up to $400.0 million of RGA’s outstanding common stock.

ITEM 6. Exhibits

See index to exhibits.

8182

Table of Contents

INDEX TO EXHIBITS




Exhibit Number		Description

3.1		Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended by Amendment of Articles of Incorporation, effective as of May 23, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2018, filed on August 3, 2018.

3.2		Amended and Restated Bylaws, effective as of May 23, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 ofto Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 24, 2018.

10.1		Credit Agreement, dated as of August 21, 2018, by and among RGA, the lenders named therein, U.S. Bank National Association, as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer, Bank of America, N.A.; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.; and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as Joint Syndication Agents and Barclays Bank PLC; HSBC Bank USA, National Association; KeyBank National Association; Mizuho Bank, Ltd.; MUFG Bank, Ltd.; Royal Bank of Canada; and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation as Co-Documentation Agents, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form ~~of RGA Flexible Stock Plan Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement under RGA Flexible Stock Plan, as amended and restated effective May 23, 2017.~~8-K filed on August 22, 2018.

31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

8283

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



	Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated
Date: ~~August 3,~~November 2, 2018	By:	/s/ Anna Manning
		Anna Manning
		President & Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: ~~August 3,~~November 2, 2018	By:	/s/ Todd C. Larson
		Todd C. Larson
		Senior Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

8384