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United States
Securities and Exchange Commission
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
 
Form 10-Q
 
 
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 20172018
Commission file number 000-24498
 
 
diamondhillinvgroup4ca01a08.jpg

DIAMOND HILL INVESTMENT GROUP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
  
 
Ohio 65-0190407
(State of
incorporation)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
325 John H. McConnell Blvd, Suite 200, Columbus, Ohio 43215
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(614) 255-3333
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes:  x    No:  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).     Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer ¨  Accelerated filer x
       
Non-accelerated filer 
¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  Smaller reporting company ¨
       
Emerging growth company ¨    
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes:  ¨    No:  x
The number of shares outstanding of the issuer’s common stock, as of October 26, 2017,30, 2018, is 3,469,2633,511,541 shares.
 


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DIAMOND HILL INVESTMENT GROUP, INC.
 
  PAGE
  
   
Item 1.
   
Item 2.
   
Item 3.
   
Item 4.
  
   
Item 1.
   
Item 1A.
   
Item 2.
   
Item 3.
   
Item 4.
   
Item 5.
   
Item 6.
  


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PART I:FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1:Consolidated Financial Statements
Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
9/30/2017 12/31/20169/30/2018 12/31/2017
(Unaudited)  (Unaudited)  
ASSETS      
Cash and cash equivalents$89,890,396
 $57,189,876
$100,619,433
 $76,602,108
Investment portfolio129,743,381
 108,015,635
212,389,477
 138,476,022
Accounts receivable17,711,289
 18,605,209
19,365,969
 19,220,279
Prepaid expenses2,210,563
 2,032,726
2,305,652
 2,073,343
Income taxes receivable1,543,958
 1,111,890

 4,114,962
Property and equipment, net of depreciation3,689,621
 4,025,758
3,908,750
 4,057,901
Deferred taxes10,390,291
 8,736,767
7,553,479
 5,843,704
Total assets$255,179,499
 $199,717,861
$346,142,760
 $250,388,319
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY      
Liabilities      
Accounts payable and accrued expenses$10,404,894
 $9,787,048
$13,654,401
 $11,890,403
Accrued incentive compensation21,060,000
 22,683,500
21,709,000
 25,496,500
Deferred compensation19,571,038
 14,182,470
25,432,661
 20,480,790
Income taxes payable640,811
 
Total liabilities51,035,932
 46,653,018
61,436,873
 57,867,693
Redeemable noncontrolling interest19,464,643
 13,840,688
60,714,693
 20,076,806
Shareholders’ equity   
Common stock, no par value 7,000,000 shares authorized; 3,468,565 issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 (inclusive of 203,650 unvested shares); 3,411,556 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2016 (inclusive of 201,800 unvested shares)119,167,093
 109,293,803
Permanent Shareholders’ equity   
Common stock, no par value 7,000,000 shares authorized; 3,534,148 issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 (inclusive of 207,500 unvested shares); 3,470,428 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 (inclusive of 191,900 unvested shares)130,555,846
 118,209,111
Preferred stock, undesignated, 1,000,000 shares authorized and unissued
 

 
Deferred equity compensation(20,240,809) (17,728,106)(22,502,206) (19,134,963)
Retained earnings85,752,640
 47,658,458
115,937,554
 73,369,672
Total shareholders’ equity184,678,924
 139,224,155
Total permanent shareholders’ equity223,991,194
 172,443,820
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$255,179,499
 $199,717,861
$346,142,760
 $250,388,319
      
Book value per share$53.24
 $40.81
$63.38
 $49.69
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
REVENUES:              
Investment advisory$33,782,603
 $29,512,076
 $98,105,905
 $84,751,943
$34,928,205
 $33,782,603
 $103,085,767
 $98,105,905
Mutual fund administration, net2,989,026
 3,425,165
 9,247,339
 11,312,222
2,543,442
 2,989,026
 8,095,596
 9,247,339
Total revenue36,771,629
 32,937,241

107,353,244

96,064,165
37,471,647
 36,771,629

111,181,363

107,353,244
OPERATING EXPENSES:              
Compensation and related costs14,446,102
 12,714,404
 42,438,985
 38,494,459
15,441,623
 14,446,102
 44,401,217
 42,438,985
General and administrative3,088,000
 2,994,186
 9,556,585
 8,055,287
2,962,220
 3,088,000
 8,748,419
 9,556,585
Sales and marketing1,230,306
 1,052,101
 3,612,877
 3,106,269
1,281,856
 1,230,306
 3,793,382
 3,612,877
Mutual fund administration1,119,889
 1,037,987
 3,149,242
 2,865,905
870,103
 1,119,889
 2,769,009
 3,149,242
Total operating expenses19,884,297
 17,798,678

58,757,689

52,521,920
20,555,802
 19,884,297

59,712,027

58,757,689
NET OPERATING INCOME16,887,332
 15,138,563
 48,595,555
 43,542,245
16,915,845
 16,887,332
 51,469,336
 48,595,555
Investment income, net2,767,747
 3,555,368
 9,673,720
 4,995,255
5,210,332
 2,767,747
 7,216,278
 9,673,720
Gain on sale of subsidiary
 2,675,766
 
 2,675,766
INCOME BEFORE TAXES19,655,079
 21,369,697

58,269,275

51,213,266
22,126,177
 19,655,079

58,685,614

58,269,275
Income tax expense(6,496,980) (7,700,732) (19,018,708) (18,497,315)(5,726,807) (6,496,980) (14,446,092) (19,018,708)
NET INCOME13,158,099
 13,668,965

39,250,567

32,715,951
16,399,370
 13,158,099

44,239,522

39,250,567
Less: Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest(459,252) (242,401) (1,156,385) (309,172)(1,191,317) (459,252) (1,671,640) (1,156,385)
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS$12,698,847
 $13,426,564

$38,094,182

$32,406,779
$15,208,053
 $12,698,847

$42,567,882

$38,094,182
Earnings per share attributable to common shareholders    
      
  
Basic$3.68
 $3.93
 $11.07
 $9.52
$4.31
 $3.68
 $12.12
 $11.07
Diluted$3.67
 $3.93
 $11.05
 $9.50
$4.31
 $3.67
 $12.11
 $11.05
Weighted average shares outstanding              
Basic3,454,178
 3,413,164
 3,442,402
 3,405,460
3,530,586
 3,454,178
 3,512,547
 3,442,402
Diluted3,461,418
 3,420,123
 3,447,976
 3,410,208
3,532,346
 3,461,418
 3,514,517
 3,447,976
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest (unaudited)

Shares
Outstanding
 
Common
Stock
 
Deferred Equity
Compensation
 
Retained
Earnings
 Total Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
Shares
Outstanding
 
Common
Stock
 
Deferred Equity
Compensation
 
Retained
Earnings
 Total Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
Balance at December 31, 20163,411,556
 $109,293,803
 $(17,728,106) $47,658,458
 $139,224,155
 $13,840,688
Balance at December 31, 20173,470,428
 $118,209,111
 $(19,134,963) $73,369,672
 $172,443,820
 $20,076,806
Issuance of restricted stock grants47,100
 7,679,436
 (7,679,436) 
 
 
63,950
 12,298,334
 (12,298,334) 
 
 
Amortization of restricted stock grants
 
 4,990,463
 
 4,990,463
 

 
 4,814,465
 
 4,814,465
 
Issuance of stock grants19,219
 3,892,424
 
 
 3,892,424
 
20,153
 4,109,197
 
 
 4,109,197
 
Issuance of common stock related to 401k plan match6,359
 1,267,649
 
 
 1,267,649
 
8,481
 1,658,358
 
 
 1,658,358
 
Shares withheld related to employee tax withholding(13,919) (2,789,949) 
 
 (2,789,949) 
(7,964) (1,602,528) 
 
 (1,602,528) 
Forfeiture of restricted stock grants(1,750) (176,270) 176,270
 
 
 
(20,900) (4,116,626) 4,116,626
 
 
 
Net income
 
 
 38,094,182
 38,094,182
 1,156,385

 
 
 42,567,882
 42,567,882
 1,671,640
Net subscriptions of consolidated funds
 
 
 
 
 4,467,570
Balance at September 30, 20173,468,565
 $119,167,093
 $(20,240,809) $85,752,640
 $184,678,924
 $19,464,643
Net subscriptions of Consolidated Funds
 
 
 
 
 22,521,607
New consolidations of Company sponsored investments
 
 
 
 
 16,444,640
Balance at September 30, 20183,534,148
 $130,555,846
 $(22,502,206) $115,937,554
 $223,991,194
 $60,714,693
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



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Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)
 
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 2017 2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:   
Net Income$39,250,567
 $32,715,951
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:   
Depreciation659,707
 496,250
Share-based compensation6,258,112
 6,259,300
Decrease in accounts receivable143,920
 1,612,207
Change in current income taxes(432,068) 5,780,008
Change in deferred income taxes(1,653,524) 82,427
Gain on sale of subsidiary
 (2,675,766)
Net gains on investments(7,829,950) (4,212,479)
Net change in trading securities held by Consolidated Funds(5,639,151) (29,436,380)
Decrease (increase) in accrued incentive compensation2,268,924
 (1,950,069)
Increase in deferred compensation5,388,568
 3,133,176
Excess income tax benefit from share-based compensation
 (4,652,983)
Income tax benefit from dividends paid on restricted stock
 (925,000)
Other changes in assets and liabilities2,188,850
 1,929,846
Net cash provided by operating activities40,603,955
 8,156,488
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:   
Purchase of property and equipment(509,750) (339,638)
Purchase of Company sponsored investments(13,372,301) (17,468,890)
Proceeds from sale of Company sponsored investments1,995,690
 18,717,308
Proceeds from sale of subsidiary, net of cash disposed750,000
 1,163,769
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities(11,136,361) 2,072,549
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:   
Value of shares withheld related to employee tax withholding(2,789,949) (9,655,747)
Excess income tax benefit from share-based compensation
 4,652,983
Income tax benefit from dividends paid on restricted stock
 925,000
Net subscriptions received from redeemable noncontrolling interest holders6,022,875
 33,730
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities3,232,926
 (4,044,034)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS   
Net change during the period32,700,520
 6,185,003
At beginning of period57,189,876
 57,474,777
At end of period$89,890,396
 $63,659,780
Supplemental cash flow information:   
Income taxes paid$21,104,300
 $12,634,880
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash transactions:   
Common stock issued as incentive compensation$3,892,424
 $3,879,431
Charitable donation of corporate investments and property and equipment1,748,841
 1,729,735
Cumulative-effect adjustment from the adoption of ASU 2015-02 (Note 2)
 4,031,756
Net redemption of ETF shares for marketable securities(1,555,305) (244,200)
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 2018 2017
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:   
Net Income$44,239,522
 $39,250,567
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:   
Depreciation868,243
 659,707
Share-based compensation6,472,823
 6,258,112
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable(90,525) 143,920
Change in current income taxes4,755,773
 (432,068)
Change in deferred income taxes(1,709,775) (1,653,524)
Net gains on investments(3,184,197) (7,829,950)
Net change in securities held by Consolidated Funds(47,246,344) (5,639,151)
Increase in accrued incentive compensation321,697
 2,268,924
Increase in deferred compensation4,951,871
 5,388,568
Other changes in assets and liabilities252,238
 2,188,850
Net cash provided by operating activities9,631,326
 40,603,955
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:   
Purchase of property and equipment(699,917) (509,750)
Purchase of Company sponsored investments(4,362,077) (13,372,301)
Proceeds from sale of Company sponsored investments1,789,359
 2,745,690
Net cash used in investing activities(3,272,635) (11,136,361)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:   
Value of shares withheld related to employee tax withholding(1,602,528) (2,789,949)
Net subscriptions received from redeemable noncontrolling interest holders19,261,162
 6,022,875
Net cash provided by financing activities17,658,634
 3,232,926
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS   
Net change during the period24,017,325
 32,700,520
At beginning of period76,602,108
 57,189,876
At end of period$100,619,433
 $89,890,396
Supplemental cash flow information:   
Income taxes paid$11,400,094
 $21,104,300
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash transactions:   
Common stock issued as incentive compensation$4,109,197
 $3,892,424
Charitable donation of corporate investments and property and equipment1,989,803
 1,748,841
Net subscriptions (redemptions) of ETF shares for marketable securities3,260,445
 (1,555,305)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Note 1 Business and Organization
Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc. (the "Company"), an Ohio corporation, derives its consolidated revenues and net income from investment advisory and fund administration services.
Diamond Hill Capital Management, Inc. ("DHCM"), an Ohio corporation, is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and a registered investment adviser. DHCM is the investment adviser to the Diamond Hill Funds (the "Funds"), a series of open-end mutual funds, private investment funds ("Private Funds"), an exchange traded fund (the "ETF"), and other institutional accounts. In addition, DHCM is administrator for the Funds.
Beacon Hill Fund Services, Inc. (“BHFS”) and BHIL Distributors, Inc. (“BHIL”), collectively operated as "Beacon Hill," were operating subsidiaries of the Company. The Company sold Beacon Hill on July 31, 2016 (See Note 10). Prior to the sale, Beacon Hill provided compliance, treasury, underwriting and other fund administration services to investment advisers and mutual funds.
Note 2 Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, and for the three- and nine- monthnine-month periods ended September 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, for Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (referred to in these notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements as "the Company," "management," "we," "us," and "our") have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for a fair statement of the financial condition and results of operations at the dates and for the interim periods presented, have been included. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for any full fiscal year. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and footnotes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20162017 ("20162017 Annual Report") as filed with the SEC.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions related to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Reclassification
Certain prior period amounts and disclosures may have been reclassified to conform to the current period's financial presentation.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the operations of the Company and its controlled subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

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The Company holds certain investments in the Funds and the ETF for general corporate investment purposes, to provide seed capital for newly formed strategies or to add capital to existing strategies. The Funds are organized in a series fund structure in which there are multiple mutual funds within one Trust. The Trust is an open-end investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the"1940 Act"). The ETF is an individual series of ETF Series Solutions which is also an open-end investment company registered under the 1940 Act. Each of the individual mutual funds and the ETF representrepresents a separate share class of a legal entity organized under the Trust. As of January 1, 2016, theThe Company adopted ASU 2015-02 - Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis ("ASU 2015-02") and we have performed ourperforms its analysis at the individual mutual fund and ETF level and havehas concluded the mutual funds and ETF are voting rights entities ("VREs"). The Company has concluded that the mutual funds and the ETF are VREs because the structure of the investment product is such that the shareholders are deemed to have the power through voting rights to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance. To the extent material, these investment products are consolidated if Company ownership, directly or indirectly, represents a majority interest (greater than 50%). The Company records redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated investments for which the Company's ownership is less

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than 100%. The Company has consolidated the ETF, the Diamond Hill Core Bond Fund, the Diamond Hill High Yield Fund, and one of our individual mutual fundsthe Diamond Hill Global Fund (collectively the "Consolidated Funds") as our ownership was greater than 50% in each.of September 30, 2018.
DHCM is the managing member of Diamond Hill General Partner, LLC (the “General Partner”), which is the general partner of Diamond Hill Investment Partners, L.P. (“DHIP”), Diamond Hill Global Fund, L.P. ("DHGF"), and Diamond Hill International Equity Fund, L.P. ("DHIEF"), each a limited partnership (collectively, the "Partnerships" or “LPs”) whose underlying assets consist primarily of marketable securities.
DHCM is wholly owned by the Company and is consolidated by us. Further, DHCM, through its control of the General Partner, has the power to direct each LP’s economic activities and the right to receive investment advisory fees that may be significant to the LPs.
The Company concluded weit did not have a variable interest in DHIP as the fees paid to the General Partner are considered to contain customary terms and conditions as found in the market for similar products and the Company has no equity ownership in DHIP.
The Company concluded DHGF and DHIEF werewas a variable interest entitiesentity ("VIEs"VIE") as DHCM has disproportionately less voting interestsinterest than economic interests in each LP,interest, given that the limited partners have full power to remove the Company as the General Partner due to the existence of substantive kick-out rights. In addition, substantially all of the LPs'DHIEF's activities are conducted on behalf of the General Partner which has disproportionately few voting rights. The Company concluded we areit is not the primary beneficiary of DHGF or DHIEF as we lack the power to control the entitiesentity due to the existence of single-party kick-out rights where the limited partners have the unilateral ability to remove the General Partner without cause. DHCM’s investments in DHGF and DHIEF are reported as a component of the Company’s investment portfolio, valued at DHCM’s respective share of the net income or loss of each LP.DHIEF.
The LPs are not subject to lock-up periods and can be redeemed on demand. Gains and losses attributable to changes in the value of DHCM’s interests in the LPs are included in the Company’s reported investment income. The Company’s exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with the LPs is limited to the amount of its investments. DHCM is not obligated to provide, and has not provided, financial or other support to the LPs, other than its investments to date and its contractually provided investment advisory responsibilities. The Company has not provided liquidity arrangements, guarantees or other commitments to support the LPs’ operations, and the LPs’ creditors and interest holders have no recourse to the general credit of the Company.
Certain board members officers and employees of the Company invest in the LPs and are not subject to a management fee or an incentive fee. These individuals receive no remuneration as a result of their personal investment in the LPs. The capital of the General Partner is not subject to a management fee or an incentive fee.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
Redeemable noncontrolling interest represents third-party interests in the Consolidated Funds. This interest is redeemable at the option of the investors and therefore is not treated as permanent equity. Redeemable noncontrolling interest is remeasuredrecorded at redemption value, which approximates the fair value each reporting period.

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Segment Information
Management has determined that the Company operates in one business segment, providing investment management and administration services to mutual funds, institutional accounts, and private investment funds. Therefore, no disclosures relating to operating segments are presented in the Company's annual or interim financial statements.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include demand deposits and money market mutual funds.funds held by DHCM.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are recorded when they are due and are presented on the balance sheet net of any allowance for doubtful accounts. Accounts receivable are written off when they are determined to be uncollectible. Any allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated based on the Company’s historical losses, existing conditions in the industry, and the financial stability of the individuals or entities that owe the receivable. No allowance for doubtful accounts was deemed necessary at September 30, 20172018 or December 31, 2016.2017. Accounts receivable from the Funds were $10.7$10.8 million as of September 30, 20172018 and $10.4$11.6 million as of December 31, 2016.2017.

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Investments
Management determines the appropriate classification of its investments at the time of purchase and re-evaluates its determination at each reporting period.
Investments classified as trading represent investments in the Funds we advise where the Company has neither control nor the ability to exercise significant influence, as well as securities held in the Consolidated Funds. These investmentsFunds, are measured at fair value based on quoted market prices. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded as investment income (loss) in the Company's consolidated statements of income.
Investments classified as equity method investments represent investments in which the Company owns between 20-50% of the outstanding voting interests in the entity or when it is determined that the Company is able to exercise significant influence but not control over the investments. When using the equity method, the Company recognizes its respective share of the investee's net income or loss for the period which is recorded as investment income in the Company's consolidated statements of income.
Fair Value Measurements
Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement ("ASC 820") specifies a hierarchy of valuation classifications based on whether the inputs to the valuation techniques used in each valuation classification are observable or unobservable. These classifications are summarized in the three broad levels listed below:
Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-driven valuations in which all significant inputs are observable.
Level 3 - Valuations derived from techniques in which significant inputs are unobservable.

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Inputs used to measure fair value might fall in different levels of the fair value hierarchy, in which case the Company defaults to the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. These levels are not necessarily an indication of the risk or liquidity associated with investments. The following table summarizes investments that are recognized in our consolidated balance sheet using fair value measurements (excludes investments classified as equity method investments) determined based upon the differing levels of inputs as of September 30, 2017:2018:
Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Cash equivalents$89,125,334
$
$
$89,125,334
$98,886,472
 $
 $
 $98,886,472
Trading Investments 
Fair value investments       
Securities held in Consolidated Funds(a)
17,948,350
47,158,391

65,106,741
43,884,224
 109,615,566
 
 153,499,790
Company sponsored investments34,883,067


34,883,067
38,757,226
 
 
 38,757,226
(a) Of the securities held in the Consolidated Funds as of September 30, 2017, $41.92018, $85.9 million were held directly by the Company and $23.2$67.6 million were held by noncontrolling shareholders.
Level 1 investments are allcomprised of investments in registered investment companies (mutual funds) or equity securities held in the Consolidated Funds and include $89.1$98.9 million of investments in money market mutual funds owned by DHCM that the Company classifies as cash equivalents.
Level 2 investments are comprised of investments in foreign equity securities and debt securities held in the Consolidated Funds, which are valued by an independent pricing service using pricing techniques which take into account factors such as trading activity, readily available market quotations, yield, quality, coupon rate, maturity, type of issue, trading characteristics, call features, credit rates and other observable inputs.
The Company determines transfers between fair value hierarchy levels at the end of the reporting period. There were no transfers in or out of the levels during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.2018.
Changes in fair values of the investments are recorded in the Company's consolidated statements of income as investment income (loss)., net.

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Property and Equipment
Property and equipment, consisting of leasehold improvements, computer equipment, furniture, and fixtures, are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated lives of the assets.
New Accounting Guidance
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers", which supersedes existing accounting standards for revenue recognition and creates a single framework. ASU 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. This standard also specifies the accounting for certain costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer. Our implementation efforts included a detailed review of revenue contracts within the scope of the guidance and an evaluation of the impact on the Company's revenue recognition policies. No transition-related practical expedients were applied. The Company adopted this ASU on its effective date, January 1, 2018, and it had no impact on the timing of the Company's revenue recognition.
Revenue Recognition – General
Revenue is recognized when performance obligations under the terms of a contract with a client are satisfied. The Company earns substantially all of its revenue from investment advisory and fund administration services.contracts. Investment advisory and administration fees, generally calculated as a percentage of assets under management ("AUM"), are recorded as revenue as services are performed. In addition to fixed fees based on a percentage of AUM, certain client accounts also provide periodic variable rate fees. Total revenue from the Funds was $29.6 million and $25.9 million for
Revenue earned during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and 2016, respectively. Total revenue from the Funds was $86.2 million and $73.9 million forunder contracts with clients include:
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 Investment advisory 
Mutual fund
administration, net
 Total revenue
Proprietary funds$26,864,835
 $2,543,442
 $29,408,277
Sub-advised funds and institutional accounts8,063,370
 
 8,063,370
 $34,928,205
 $2,543,442
 $37,471,647
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 Investment advisory 
Mutual fund
administration, net
 Total revenue
Proprietary funds$26,571,891
 $2,989,026
 $29,560,917
Sub-advised funds and institutional accounts7,210,712
 
 7,210,712
 $33,782,603
 $2,989,026
 $36,771,629
Revenue earned during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and 2016, respectively.under contracts with clients include:
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 Investment advisory 
Mutual fund
administration, net
 Total revenue
Proprietary funds$80,464,941
 $8,095,596
 $88,560,537
Sub-advised funds and institutional accounts22,620,826
 
 22,620,826
 $103,085,767
 $8,095,596
 $111,181,363

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 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 Investment advisory Mutual fund
administration, net
 Total revenue
Proprietary funds$76,975,740
 $9,247,339
 $86,223,079
Sub-advised funds and institutional accounts21,130,165
 
 21,130,165
 $98,105,905
 $9,247,339
 $107,353,244
Revenue Recognition – Investment Advisory Fees
The Company's investment advisory contracts have a single performance obligation (the investment advisory services provided to the client) as the promised services are not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and, therefore, are not distinct. All performance obligations to provide advisory services are satisfied over time and the Company recognizes revenue as time passes.
The fees we receive for our services under our investment advisory contracts are based on our AUM, which changes based on the value of securities held under each advisory contract. These fees are thereby constrained and represent variable consideration, and are excluded from revenue until the AUM on which our client is billed is no longer subject to market fluctuations.
Revenue Recognition – Variable Rate Fees
The Company manages certain client accounts that provide for variable rate fees. These fees are calculated based on client investment results over rolling five-year periods. The Company records variable rate fees at the end of the contract measurement period.period because the variable fees earned are constrained based on movements in the financial markets. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded $0.6 million in variable rate fees. No variable rate fees were earned during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 or 2016.2017. The table below shows AUM subject to variable rate fees and the amount of variable rate fees that would be recognized based upon investment results as of September 30, 2017:2018:
 As of September 30, 2017
 AUM subject to variable feesUnearned variable fees
Contractual Period Ends:  
Quarter Ended December 31, 2018$107,864,155
$1,379,545
Quarter Ended September 30, 201934,040,712
495,418
Quarter Ended March 31, 202011,680,413

Quarter Ended September 30, 2021264,626,823
1,971,752
Total$418,212,103
$3,846,715
 As of September 30, 2018
 AUM subject to variable rate fees Unearned variable rate fees
Contractual Period Ends:   
Quarter Ending December 31, 2018$61,028,560
 $1,416,398
Quarter Ending September 30, 201936,681,776
 708,542
Quarter Ending March 31, 202013,336,076
 
Quarter Ending September 30, 2021284,788,511
 4,145,635
Total$395,834,923
 $6,270,575

The contractual end dates highlight the time remaining until the variable rate fees are scheduled to be earned. The amount of variable rate fees that would be recognized based upon investment results as of September 30, 20172018 will increase or decrease based on future client investment results through the contractual period end. There can be no assurance that the unearned amounts will ultimately be earned.
Revenue Recognition – Mutual Fund Administration
DHCM has an administrative and transfer agency services agreement with the Funds under which DHCM performs certain services for each Fund. These services include performance obligations including mutual fund administration, fund accounting, transfer agency and other related functions. These services are performed concurrently under our agreement with the Funds, and all performance obligations to provide these administrative services are satisfied over time, and the Company recognizes revenue as time passes. For performing these services each Fund pays DHCM a fee, which is calculated using an annual rate times the average daily net assets of each respective share class. These fees are thereby constrained and represent variable consideration, and are excluded from revenue until the AUM on which we bill the Funds is no longer subject to market fluctuations.

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The Funds have selected and contractually engaged certain vendors to fulfill various services to benefit the Funds’ shareholders or to satisfy regulatory requirements of the Funds. These services include, among others, required shareholder mailings, federal and state registrations, and legal and audit services. DHCM, in fulfilling a portion of its role under the administration agreement with the Funds, acts as agent to pay these obligations of the Funds. Each vendor is independently responsible for fulfillment of the services it has been engaged to provide and negotiates fees and terms with the management and board of trustees of the Funds. The fee that each Fund pays to DHCM is reviewed annually by the Funds’ board of trustees and specifically takes into account the contractual expenses that DHCM pays on behalf of the Funds. As a result, DHCM is not involved in the delivery or pricing of these services and bears no risk related to these services. Revenue has been recorded net of these Fund related expenses, in accordance with FASB ASC 605-45, Revenue Recognition – Principal Agent Considerations.expenses. In addition, DHCM advances the upfront commissions that are paid to brokers who sell Class C shares of the Funds. These advances are capitalized and amortized over 12 months to correspond with the repayments DHCM receives from the principal underwriter to recoup this commission advancement.
Prior to the sale of Beacon Hill, the Company, through Beacon Hill, had underwriting and administrative service agreements with certain clients, including registered mutual funds. The fee arrangements varied from client to client based upon services provided and have been recorded as revenue under mutual fund administration on the Company's consolidated statements of income. Part of Beacon Hill’s role as underwriter was to act as an agent on behalf of its mutual fund clients to receive 12b-1/service fees and commission revenue and facilitate the payment of those fees and commissions to third parties who provide services to the funds and their shareholders. The majority of 12b-1/service fees were paid to independent third parties and the remainder were retained by the Company as reimbursement for expenses the Company had incurred. The amounts of 12b-1/service fees and commissions were determined by each mutual fund client, and Beacon Hill bore no financial risk related to these services. As a result, 12b-1/service fees and commission revenue was recorded net of the expense payments to third parties, in accordance with the appropriate accounting treatment for this agency relationship.

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Mutual fund administration gross and net revenue are summarized below:
 Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Mutual fund administration:       
Administration revenue, gross$6,557,054
 $6,445,936
 $19,432,002
 $20,557,388
12b-1/service fees and commission revenue received from fund clients
 933,752
 
 6,360,400
12b-1/service fees and commission expense payments to third parties
 (831,198) 
 (5,660,429)
Fund related expense(3,576,598) (3,136,319) (10,214,948) (9,958,315)
Revenue, net of related expenses2,980,456
 3,412,171
 9,217,054
 11,299,044
DHCM C-Share financing:       
Broker commission advance repayments101,238
 157,732
 315,283
 558,641
Broker commission amortization(92,668) (144,738) (284,998) (545,463)
Financing activity, net8,570
 12,994
 30,285
 13,178
Mutual fund administration revenue, net$2,989,026
 $3,425,165
 $9,247,339
 $11,312,222

Mutual fund administrative net revenue from the Funds was $3.0 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. Mutual fund administrative net revenue from the Funds was $9.2 million and $8.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
 Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Mutual fund administration:       
Administration revenue, gross$6,169,984
 $6,557,054
 $18,771,040
 $19,432,002
Fund related expense(3,638,618) (3,576,598) (10,702,498) (10,214,948)
Revenue, net of related expenses2,531,366
 2,980,456
 8,068,542
 9,217,054
DHCM C-Share financing:       
Broker commission advance repayments84,248
 101,238
 264,107
 315,283
Broker commission amortization(72,172) (92,668) (237,053) (284,998)
Financing activity, net12,076
 8,570
 27,054
 30,285
Mutual fund administration revenue, net$2,543,442
 $2,989,026
 $8,095,596
 $9,247,339
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for current and deferred income taxes through an asset and liability approach. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.
The Company is subject to examination by federal and applicable state and local jurisdictions for various tax periods. The Company’s income tax positions are based on research and interpretations of the income tax laws and rulings in each of the jurisdictions in which it does business. Due to the subjectivity of interpretations of laws and rulings in each jurisdiction, the differences and interplay in tax laws among those jurisdictions, as well asand the inherent uncertainty in estimating the final resolution of complex tax audit matters, the Company’s estimates of income tax liabilities may differ from actual payments or assessments. The Company regularly assesses its position with regard to tax exposures and records liabilities for these uncertain tax positions and related interest and penalties, if any, according to the principles of FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes. As of September 30, 2017,2018, the Company had nothas recorded any liabilityapproximately $0.8 million for uncertain tax positions.positions in the state and city jurisdictions in which we do business. The Company records interest and penalties if any, within income tax expense on the income statement.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of Common Sharescommon shares outstanding for the period, which includes participating securities. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution of EPS due to unvested restricted stock units. See Note 8.

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RecentlyNewly Issued But Not Yet Adopted Accounting Standards
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers", which supersedes existing accounting standards for revenue recognition and creates a single framework. ASU 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. This standard also specifies the accounting for certain costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer. This ASU will supersede much of the existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period, and requires either a retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adoption. Early application is permitted for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We anticipate adopting the new ASU on its effective date, January 1, 2018, and expect to utilize the full retrospective approach. Our implementation efforts include a detailed review of revenue contracts within the scope of the guidance and evaluation of the impact on the Company's revenue recognition policies. While we are continuing to assess the potential impacts of the ASU on our financial position and results of operations, we believe that the adoption of this ASU will not have an impact on revenue recognition. While we have not identified changes in the timing of revenue recognition, we continue to evaluate the related disclosures.Guidance
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases", which, among other things, requires lessees to recognize most leases on-balance sheet. This will increase the reported assets and liabilities of lessees - in some cases significantly. Lessor accounting remains substantially similar to current GAAP. ASU 2016-02 supersedes Topic 840, Leases. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. ASU 2016-02 mandates a modified retrospective transition method for all entities. The Company is currently assessing the impact ofWe will adopt this standard on its effective date, January 1, 2019. While we continue evaluating the full impact this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements, we expect the most significant impact will be the recognition of a lease liability and related disclosures.right of use asset on our consolidated balance sheets for our office operating lease.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurements.” This update makes certain removals from, changes to and additions to existing disclosure requirements for fair value measurement. ASU 2018-13 does not change fair value measurements already required or permitted by existing standards. ASU 2018-13 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Management does not believe that adoption of ASU 2018-13 will materially impact the Company’s financial statements.

Note 3 Investment Portfolio
As of September 30, 2017,2018, the Company held investments (excluding money market funds, which are included with cash and cash equivalents) worth $129.7of $212.4 million. The following table summarizes the carrying value of these investments as of September 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016:2017:
As ofAs of
September 30, 2017December 31, 2016September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Trading investments: 
Fair value investments:   
Securities held in Consolidated Funds(a)
$65,106,741
$57,355,471
$153,499,790
 $65,890,500
Company sponsored investments34,883,067
9,322,118
38,757,226
 36,541,818
Company sponsored equity method investments29,753,573
41,338,046
20,132,461
 36,043,704
Total Investment portfolio$129,743,381
$108,015,635
$212,389,477
 $138,476,022
(a) Of the securities held in the Consolidated Funds as of September 30, 2017, $41.92018, $85.9 million were held directly by the Company and $23.2$67.6 million were held by noncontrolling shareholders. Of the securities held in the Consolidated Funds as of December 31, 2016,2017, $42.6 million were held directly by the Company and $14.7$23.3 million were held by noncontrolling shareholders.

New consolidations of Company sponsored investments of $16.4 million during 2018 included the consolidation of the Diamond Hill Global Fund and the Diamond Hill High Yield Fund. As of December 31, 2017, these investments were classified as equity method investments.


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As of September 30, 2017,2018, our equity method investeesinvestments consisted of the Diamond Hill High Yield Fund, the Diamond Hill Research Opportunities Fund DHGF, and DHIEF, and our ownership percentagespercentage in each of these funds were 47%, 22%, 95%, andinvestments was approximately 30%, respectively. The Company's equity method investments consist of cash, marketable equity securities and fixed income securities.. The following table includes the condensed summary financial information from the Company's equity method investments as of and for the period ended September 30, 2017:2018:
  As of  As of
  September 30, 2017  September 30, 2018
Total assets  $130,983,409
  $99,404,580
Total liabilities  36,624,404
  31,473,525
Net assets  94,359,005
  67,931,055
DHCM's portion of net assets  29,753,573
  20,132,461
      
For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months EndedFor the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2017 September 30, 2017September 30, 2018 September 30, 2018
Investment income$643,059
 $2,164,621
$261,767
 $817,862
Expenses300,273
 865,475
228,936
 712,938
Net realized gains599,849
 3,171,574
829,029
 476,343
Net change in unrealized appreciation/depreciation(726,509) 2,887,675
Net change in unrealized appreciation1,374,838
 1,688,384
Net income216,126
 7,358,395
2,236,698
 2,269,651
DHCM's portion of net income324,189
 2,372,528
668,226
 742,944
Note 4 Line of Credit
The Company has an uncommitted Line of Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with a commercial bank that matures in NovemberDecember of 20172018 and permits the Company to borrow up to $25.0 million. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.50%. The Company has not borrowed under the Credit Agreement as of and for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017.2018. No interest is payable on the unused portion of the Credit Agreement.
The proceeds of the Credit Agreement may be used by the Company and its subsidiaries for ongoing working capital needs, to seed new and existing investment strategies and for other general corporate purposes. The Credit Agreement contains representations, warranties and covenants that are customary for agreements of this type.
Note 5 Compensation Plans
Share-Based Payment Transactions
The Company issues restricted stock units and restricted stock awards (collectively, "Restricted Stock") under theits 2014 Equity and Cash Incentive Plan ("2014 Plan"). Restricted stock units represent common shares which may be issued in the future, whereas restricted stock awards represent common shares issued and outstanding upon grant subject to vesting restrictions. The following table represents a roll-forward of outstanding Restricted Stock and related activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2017:2018:
Shares 
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Price
per Share
Shares 
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Price
per Share
Outstanding Restricted Stock as of December 31, 2016223,800
 $132.96
Outstanding Restricted Stock as of December 31, 2017197,900
 $165.60
Grants issued37,600
 204.24
60,950
 201.78
Grants vested(43,500) 95.86
(27,450) 77.81
Grants forfeited(1,750) 100.73
(20,900) 196.97
Total Outstanding Restricted Stock as of September 30, 2017216,150
 $153.08
Total Outstanding Restricted Stock as of September 30, 2018210,500
 $176.75
As of September 30, 2017,2018, there were 356,261 Common Shares296,429 common shares available for awards under the 2014 Plan.

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Total deferred equity compensation related to unvested Restricted Stock grants was $20.2$22.5 million as of September 30, 2017.2018. Compensation expense related to Restricted Stock grants is calculated based upon the fair market value of the common shares on grant date. The Company's policy is to adjust compensation expense for forfeitures as they occur. The recognition of compensation expense related to deferred compensation over the remaining vesting periods is as follows:
Three Months
Remaining In
Three Months
Remaining In
            Three Months
Remaining In
            
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Thereafter Total
20182018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Thereafter Total
$1,880,821
 $5,943,563
 $5,207,109
 $3,534,581
 $2,054,744
 $1,619,991
 $20,240,809
1,850,410
 $6,863,879
 $5,399,940
 $4,087,381
 $3,100,248
 $1,200,348
 $22,502,206
Stock Grant Transactions
The following table represents stockcommon shares issued as part of our incentive compensation program during the nine months ended September 30, 20172018 and 2016:2017:
Shares Issued Grant Date ValueShares Issued Grant Date Value
September 30, 201820,153
 $4,109,197
September 30, 201719,219
 $3,892,424
19,219
 3,892,424
September 30, 201621,940
 3,879,431
Deferred Compensation Plans
The Company offers two deferred compensation plans, the Diamond Hill Fixed Term Deferred Compensation Plan and the Diamond Hill Variable Term Deferred Compensation Plan (collectively the “Plans”). Under the Plans, participants may elect to voluntarily defer, for a minimum of five years, certain incentive compensation, which the Company then contributes into the Plans. Each participant is responsible for designating investment options for assets they contribute, and the distribution paid to each participant reflects any gains or losses on the assets realized while in the Plans. Assets held in the Plans are included in the Company’s investment portfolio, and the associated obligation to participants is included in deferred compensation liability. Assets held in the Plans are recorded at fair value. Deferred compensation liability was $19.6$25.4 million and $14.2$20.5 million as of September 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively.
Note 6 Operating Leases
The Company currently leases office space of approximately 37,829 square feet at one location. The following table summarizes the total lease and operating expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20172018 and 2016:2017:
 
September 30,
2017
 September 30,
2016
September 30,
2018
 September 30,
2017
Three Months Ended$235,272
 $218,640
$238,014
 $235,272
Nine Months Ended$700,926
 $679,195
$732,318
 $700,926
The approximate future minimum lease payments under the operating lease are as follows:
 
Future Minimum Lease Payments
Three Months
Remaining In
Three Months
Remaining In
            Three Months
Remaining In
            
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Thereafter Total
20182018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Thereafter Total
$146,587
 $586,350
 $595,807
 $624,179
 $624,179
 $1,716,000
 $4,293,102
146,587
 $586,350
 $614,721
 $624,179
 $624,179
 $1,404,000
 $4,000,016
In addition to the above lease payments, the Company is also responsible for normal operating expenses of the property. Such operating expenses were approximately $0.4 million in 2016,2017, and are expected to be approximately the same in 2017.2018.

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Note 7 Income Taxes
The Company has determined its interim tax provision projecting an estimated annual effective tax rate. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was passed on December 22, 2017. Among other federal tax law changes, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, the new law establishes a flat corporate income tax rate of 21% to replace our prior year rate of 35% and eliminates the corporate alternative minimum tax. 
For the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded income tax expense of $5.7 million, yielding an effective tax rate of 25.9%. The effective tax rate of 25.9% differed from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% due primarily to the additional income tax expense recorded in the state and city jurisdictions in which we do business, including new jurisdictions in which we are filing in 2018, which was partially offset by $0.2 million of excess tax benefits from the vesting of stock awards.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded income tax expense of $14.4 million, yielding an effective tax rate of 24.6%. The effective tax rate of 24.6% differed from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% due primarily to the additional income tax expense recorded in the state and city jurisdictions in which we do business, including new jurisdictions in which we are filing in 2018, which was partially offset by $0.7 million of excess tax benefits from the vesting of stock awards.
For the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded income tax expense of $6.5 million, yielding an effective tax rate of 33.1%. The effective tax rate of 33.1% differed from the federal statutory tax rate of 35% due primarily to $0.4 million of excess tax benefits from the vesting of stock awards. The tax benefits were partially offset by the additional income tax expense recorded in the state and city jurisdictions in which we do business.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded income tax expense of $19.0 million, yielding an effective tax rate of 32.6%. The effective tax rate of 32.6% differed from the federal statutory tax rate of 35% due primarily to $1.7 million of excess tax benefits from the vesting of stock awards. The tax benefits were partially offset by the additional income tax expense recorded in the state and city jurisdictions in which we do business.
The Company implemented ASU 2016-09, "Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting" on January 1, 2017. As of January 1, 2017, any excess tax benefits or deficiencies from the vesting of stock awards are recognized through the income tax provision as opposed to common stock. For Restricted Stock, the Company receives an excess income tax benefit calculated as the tax effect of the difference between the fair market value of the stock at the time of grant and vesting. The Company also records tax benefits on dividends paid on Restricted Stock. This change is required to be applied prospectively to all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies after the date of adoption of the ASU. No adjustment is recorded for any windfall benefits previously recorded in common stock. In addition, all tax-related cash flows resulting from share-based payments will be reported as operating activities in the statement of cash flows under the new guidance, rather than the prior requirement to present windfall tax benefits as an inflow from financing activities and an outflow from operating activities. The Company has elected to adopt this change in cash flow presentation prospectively after the date of adoption of the ASU.
For the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded income tax expense of $7.7 million, yielding an effective tax rate of 36.0%. The effective tax rate of 36.0% differed from the federal statutory tax rate of 35% due primarily to the additional income tax expense recorded in the state and city jurisdictions in which we do business. The Company had net tax benefits from equity awards of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, which was reflected as an increase in equity.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded income tax expense of $18.5 million, yielding an effective tax rate of 36.1%. The effective tax rate of 36.1% differed from the federal statutory tax rate of 35% due primarily to the additional income tax expense recorded in the state and city jurisdictions in which we do business, which was partially offset by a $0.1 million tax benefit related to a charitable donation of appreciated securities previously held in our investment portfolio. The Company had net tax benefits from equity awards of $5.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, which was reflected as an increase in equity.
The net temporary differences incurred to date will reverse in future periods as the Company generates taxable earnings. The Company believes it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the net deferred tax assets recorded. The Company records a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of September 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, no valuation allowance was deemed necessary.
FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes, prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. As of September 30, 2018, the Company has recorded approximately $0.8 million for uncertain tax positions in the state and city jurisdictions in which we do business. The Company did not record an accrual for tax related uncertainties or unrecognized tax positions as of September 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016.2017.

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Note 8 Earnings Per Share
The Company’s Common Sharescommon shares outstanding consist of all shares issued and outstanding, including unvested restricted shares. Basic and diluted EPS are calculated under the two-class method. Restricted stock units are considered dilutive. The following table sets forth the computation for basic and diluted EPS and reconciliation between basic and diluted shares outstanding:
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Net Income$13,158,099
 $13,668,965
 $39,250,567
 $32,715,951
$16,399,370
 $13,158,099
 $44,239,522
 $39,250,567
Less: Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest(459,252) (242,401) (1,156,385) (309,172)(1,191,317) (459,252) (1,671,640) (1,156,385)
Net income attributable to common shareholders$12,698,847
 $13,426,564
 $38,094,182
 $32,406,779
$15,208,053
 $12,698,847
 $42,567,882
 $38,094,182
              
Weighted average number of outstanding shares - Basic3,454,178
 3,413,164
 3,442,402
 3,405,460
3,530,586
 3,454,178
 3,512,547
 3,442,402
Dilutive impact of restricted stock units7,240
 6,959
 5,574
 4,748
1,760
 7,240
 1,970
 5,574
Weighted average number of outstanding shares - Diluted3,461,418
 3,420,123
 3,447,976
 3,410,208
3,532,346
 3,461,418
 3,514,517
 3,447,976
              
Earnings per share attributable to common shareholders              
Basic$3.68
 $3.93
 $11.07
 $9.52
$4.31
 $3.68
 $12.12
 $11.07
Diluted$3.67
 $3.93
 $11.05
 $9.50
$4.31
 $3.67
 $12.11
 $11.05
Note 9 Commitments and Contingencies
The Company indemnifies its directors, officers and certain of its employees for certain liabilities that might arise from their performance of their duties to the Company. From time to time, the Company is involved in legal matters relating to claims arising in the ordinary course of business. There are currently no such matters pending that the Company believes could have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial statements.
Additionally, in the normal course of business, the Company enters into agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and which provide general indemnifications. Certain agreements do not contain any limits on the Company’s liability and could involve future claims that may be made against the Company that have not yet occurred. Therefore, it is not possible to estimate the Company’s potential liability under these indemnities. Further, the Company maintains insurance policies that may provide coverage against certain claims under these indemnities.
Note 10 Sale of Beacon Hill
On July 31, 2016, the Company sold the entirety of Beacon Hill’s business. The Company received $1.2 million in cash consideration, net of cash disposed, as well as contingent consideration with a fair value of $1.5 million in the form of a promissory note. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company received $0.8 million of proceeds from the scheduled collection of the promissory note. The promissory note is included in accounts receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.

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Note 1110 Subsequent Event
On October 26, 2017,30, 2018, the Company’s board of directors approved a special cash dividend of $7.00$8.00 per share payable December 11, 20172018 to shareholders of record on December 1, 2017.3, 2018. This dividend will reduce shareholders' equity by approximately $24.3$28.1 million.


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ITEM 2:Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-looking Statements
Throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company may make forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, relating to such matters as anticipated operating results, prospects and levels of assets under management, technological developments, economic trends (including interest rates and market volatility), expected transactions and similar matters. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “should,” “hope,” “seek,” “plan,” “intend” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements that speak only as of the date thereof. While we believe that the assumptions underlying our forward-looking statements are reasonable, investors are cautioned that any of the assumptions could prove to be inaccurate and, accordingly, our actual results and experiences could differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in our forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause such actual results or experiences to differ from results discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: the adverse effect from a decline in the securities markets; a decline in the performance of our products; changes in interest rates; changes in national and local economic and political conditions; the continuing economic uncertainty in various parts of the world; changes in government policy and regulation, including monetary policy; changes in our abilityinability to attract or retain key employees; unforeseen costs and other effects related to legal proceedings or investigations of governmental and self-regulatory organizations; and other risks identified from time-to-time in other public documents on file with the SEC.
General
The Company derives its consolidated revenue and net income from investment advisory and fund administration services provided by DHCM and, until July 31, 2016, Beacon Hill.DHCM. DHCM is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange CommissionSEC as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.1940 Act. DHCM sponsors, distributes, and provides investment advisory and related services to various clients through the Funds, institutional accounts, the ETF, and the Partnerships. Beacon Hill provided fund administration and statutory underwriting services to U.S. and foreign clients.
The Company’s primary objective is to fulfill our fiduciary duty to our clients. Our secondary objective is to grow the intrinsic value of the Company in order to achieve an adequate long-term return for our shareholders.
Assets Under Management
Our revenue is derived primarily from investment advisory and administration fees. Investment advisory and administration fees paid to the Company are generally based on the value of the investment portfolios we manage and fluctuate with changes in the total value of our AUM. Substantially all of our AUM (95%(94%) is valued based on readily available market quotations. AUM in the fixed income strategies (5%(6%) is valued using evaluated prices from independent third-party providers. Fees are recognized in the period that the Company manages these assets.
Our revenues are highly dependent on both the value and composition of AUM. The following is a summary of our AUM by product and investment objective, and a roll-forward of the change in AUM for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20172018 and 2016:2017:
 
Assets Under ManagementAssets Under Management
As of September 30,As of September 30,
(in millions, except percentages)2017 2016 % Change2018 2017 % Change
Proprietary funds$15,417
 $12,843
 20 %$16,148
 $15,417
 5%
Sub-advised funds1,411
 568
 148 %1,595
 1,411
 13%
Institutional accounts4,627
 4,657
 (1)%4,886
 4,627
 6%
Total AUM$21,455
 $18,068
 19 %$22,629
 $21,455
 5%


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Assets Under Management
by Investment Strategy
Assets Under Management
by Investment Strategy
As of September 30,As of September 30,
(in millions, except percentages)2017 2016 % Change2018 2017 % Change
Small Cap$1,549
 $1,818
 (15)%$1,452
 $1,549
 (6)%
Small-Mid Cap3,482
 3,034
 15 %3,419
 3,482
 (2)%
Mid Cap121
 41
 195 %135
 121
 12 %
Large Cap10,153
 7,807
 30 %11,654
 10,153
 15 %
All Cap Select396
 407
 (3)%503
 390
 29 %
Long-Short4,943
 4,391
 13 %4,281
 4,943
 (13)%
Corporate bonds687
 538
 28 %
Core fixed income340
 183
 86 %
(Less: Investments in affiliated funds)(216) (151) 43 %
Global/International19
 6
 217 %
Short Duration Fixed Income490
 296
 66 %
Core Fixed Income53
 44
 20 %
Long Duration Fixed Income25
 
 NM
Corporate Credit773
 658
 17 %
High Yield54
 29
 86 %
(Less: Investments in affiliated funds)(a)
(229) (216) 6 %
Total AUM$21,455
 $18,068
 19 %$22,629
 $21,455
 5 %
(a) Certain of the Funds own shares of the Diamond Hill Short Duration Total Return Fund. The Company reduces its total AUM by these investments held in this affiliated fund.
   
Change in Assets
Under Management
Change in Assets
Under Management
For the Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
For the Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
(in millions)2017 20162018 2017
AUM at beginning of the period$20,924
 $17,584
$21,827
 $20,924
Net cash inflows (outflows)      
proprietary funds106
 (69)(158) 106
sub-advised funds(65) (88)(130) (65)
institutional accounts1
 (371)(82) 1
42
 (528)(370) 42
Net market appreciation and income489
 1,012
1,172
 489
Increase during the period531
 484
802
 531
AUM at end of the period$21,455
 $18,068
$22,629
 $21,455
Change in Assets
Under Management
Change in Assets
Under Management
For the Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
For the Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
(in millions)2017 20162018 2017
AUM at beginning of the period$19,381
 $16,841
$22,317
 $19,381
Net cash inflows (outflows)      
proprietary funds805
 482
(332) 805
sub-advised funds(197) (143)(3) (197)
institutional accounts(206) (437)(171) (206)
402
 (98)(506) 402
Net market appreciation and income1,672
 1,325
818
 1,672
Increase during the period2,074
 1,227
312
 2,074
AUM at end of the period$21,455
 $18,068
$22,629
 $21,455

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Consolidated Results of Operations
The following is a discussion of our consolidated results of operations.
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts and percentages)2017 2016 % Change 2017 2016 % Change2018 2017 % Change 2018 2017 % Change
Total revenue$36,772
 $32,937
 12 % $107,353
 $96,064
 12%$37,472
 $36,772
 2% $111,181
 $107,353
 4%
Net operating income$16,887
 $15,139
 12 % $48,596
 $43,542
 12%$16,916
 $16,887
 —% $51,469
 $48,596
 6%
Net income attributable to common shareholders$12,699
 $13,427
 (5)% $38,094
 $32,407
 18%$15,208
 $12,699
 20% $42,568
 $38,094
 12%
Earnings per share attributable to common shareholders (Diluted)$3.67
 $3.93
 (7)% $11.05
 $9.50
 16%$4.31
 $3.67
 17% $12.11
 $11.05
 10%
Operating profit margin46% 46%   45% 45%  45% 46% 46% 45% 
Operating profit margin, as adjusted(a)
47% 48%   47% 46%  48% 47% 47% 47% 
(a) Operating profit margin, as adjusted, is a non-GAAP performance measure. See the Use of Supplemental Data as Non-GAAP Performance Measure section within this report.
Three Months Ended September 30, 20172018 compared with Three Months Ended September 30, 20162017
The Company generated net income attributable to common shareholders of $15.2 million ($4.31 per diluted share) for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared with net income attributable to common shareholders of $12.7 million ($3.67 per diluted share) for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared with net income attributable to common shareholders of $13.4 million ($3.93 per diluted share) for the three months ended September 30, 2016.2017. Revenue increased $3.8$0.7 million period over period primarily due to an increase in average AUM. The revenue increase was partiallyprimarily offset by an increase in operating expenses of $2.1$0.7 million primarily related to increases in compensation and related costs. The Company had $2.8$5.2 million in investment income due to market appreciation for the three months ended September 30, 2017,2018, compared to investment income of $3.6$2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. In addition, the Company recognized a $2.7 million gain on the sale of Beacon Hill during the three months ended September 30, 2016 which was absent for 2017.
Income tax expense decreased $1.2$0.8 million from the three months ended September 30, 20162017 to the three months ended September 30, 20172018 due to the overall decrease in income before taxes and the reduction of the effective tax rate from 36.0%33.1% to 33.1%25.9%. This reduction was primarily due to the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, passed on December 22, 2017, which reduced our corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% quarter over quarter. The effective tax rate of 25.9% differed from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% due primarily to the additional income tax expense recorded in the state and city jurisdictions in which we do business, which was partially offset by $0.2 million of excess tax benefits from the vesting of stock awards.
Operating profit margin was 45% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 46% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016.2017. Operating profit margin, as adjusted, decreasedincreased to 48% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 from 47% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 from 48% for the three months ended September 30, 2016.2017. See Use of Supplemental Data as Non-GAAP Performance Measure section within this report. We expect that our operating margin may fluctuate from period-to-period based on various factors, including revenues; investment results; employee performance; staffing levels; development of investment strategies, products, or channels; and industry comparisons.
Revenue
 Three Months Ended September 30,  
(in thousands, except percentages)2017 2016 % Change
Investment advisory$33,783
 $29,512
 14 %
Mutual fund administration, net2,989
 3,425
 (13)%
Total$36,772
 $32,937
 12 %
As a percent of total revenues for the third quarter of 2017 and 2016, investment advisory fees accounted for 92% and 90%, respectively.
 Three Months Ended September 30,  
(in thousands, except percentages)2018 2017 % Change
Investment advisory$34,928
 $33,783
 3 %
Mutual fund administration, net2,544
 2,989
 (15)%
Total$37,472
 $36,772
 2 %
Investment Advisory Fees. Investment advisory fees increased $4.3$1.1 million, or 14%3%, from the three months ended September 30, 20162017 to the three months ended September 30, 2017.2018. Investment advisory fees are calculated as a percentage of the market value of client accounts at contractual fee rates, which vary by investment product. The increase in investment advisory fees was driven by an increase of 17%7% in average AUM quarter over quarter, which was partially offset by a decrease of onetwo basis pointpoints in the average advisory fee rate from 0.65%0.64% for the three months ended September 30, 20162017 to 0.64%0.62% for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in average advisory fee rate was driven by a shift in the mix of assets held in lower fee rate strategies during the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017.

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Mutual Fund Administration Fees. Mutual fund administration fees decreased $0.4 million, or 13%15%, from the three months ended September 30, 20162017 to the three months ended September 30, 2017.2018. Mutual fund administration fees include administration fees received from the Funds, which are calculated as a percentage of average Funds' AUM. Mutual fundThe decrease was due to a reduction in the administration fees for the three months ended September 30, 2016 included Beacon Hill administration fees of $0.4    million and the 2017 period reflected the absence of these fees. Mutual fund administration fees fromfee rates paid by the Funds remained consistent period over period. The 20%and an increase in shareholder servicing expenses and required shareholder mailings that DHCM pays on behalf of the Funds. This was partially offset by the 6% increase in average Funds' AUM from the three months ended September 30, 20162017 to the three months ended September 30, 2017, was partially offset by a decrease of one basis point2018. The table below summarizes the decreases in the net administration fee rate from 0.09% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 to 0.08% for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Effective June 1, 2017, the Company reduced the administration fee rate charged on all Fund assets by one basis point.rates during the periods indicated:
 Class A & C Class I Class Y
1/1/2017 - 5/31/20170.24% 0.19% 0.09%
6/1/2017 - 2/27/20180.23% 0.18% 0.08%
2/28/2018 - 9/30/20180.21% 0.17% 0.05%
Expenses
Three Months Ended September 30,  Three Months Ended September 30,  
(in thousands, except percentages)2017 2016 % Change2018 2017 % Change
Compensation and related costs$14,446
 $12,715
 14%$15,442
 $14,446
 7 %
General and administrative3,088
 2,994
 3%2,962
 3,088
 (4)%
Sales and marketing1,230
 1,052
 17%1,282
 1,230
 4 %
Mutual fund administration1,120
 1,038
 8%870
 1,120
 (22)%
Total$19,884
 $17,799
 12%$20,556
 $19,884
 3 %
Compensation and Related Costs. Employee compensation and benefits increased by $1.7$1.0 million, or 14%7%, from the three months ended September 30, 20162017 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017.2018. This increase is primarily due to compensation cost increases for DHCM employees, including an increase in accrued incentive compensation of $2.1 million, an increase in salary and related benefits of $0.3$0.5 million and an increase in restricted stock expense of $0.1 million. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in deferred compensation expense of $0.4 million and the absence of Beacon Hill salary and benefits in 2017 as compared to $0.4 million in 2016. Incentive compensation can fluctuate significantly period over period as we evaluate incentive compensation by reviewing investment performance, individual performance, Company performance and other factors.$0.5 million.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses increased by $0.1 million, or 3%decreased 4%, from the three months ended September 30, 20162017 to the three months ended September 30, 2017.2018. This increasedecrease is due primarily to an increasea decrease in information technology consulting expense of $0.2 million, an increase in investment research services of $0.2 million and an increase in depreciation expense of $0.1 million, partially offset by a reduction in legal and general administrative expense of $0.4 million.expense.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses increased by $0.2 million, or 17%4%, from the three months ended September 30, 20162017 to the three months ended September 30, 2017.2018. The increase was primarily due to additional payments made to third partythird-party intermediaries related to the sale of our proprietary funds.
Mutual Fund Administration. Mutual fund administration expenses increaseddecreased by $0.1$0.2 million, or 8%22%, from the three months ended September 30, 20162017 to the three months ended September 30, 2017.2018. Mutual fund administration expenses consist of both variable and fixed expenses. The variable expenses are based on Fund AUM and the number of shareholder accounts. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction in outsourced administration services.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 20172018 compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 20162017
The Company generated net income attributable to common shareholders of $42.6 million ($12.11 per diluted share) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared with net income attributable to common shareholders of $38.1 million ($11.05 per diluted share) for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared with net income attributable to common shareholders of $32.4 million ($9.50 per diluted share) for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.2017. Revenue increased $11.3$3.8 million period over period primarily due to an increase in average AUM. The revenue increase was partially offset by an increase in operating expenses of $6.2$1.0 million primarily related to increases in compensation and related costs and general and administrative expenses.costs. The Company had $9.7$7.2 million in investment income due to market appreciation for the nine months ended September 30, 20172018 compared to investment income of $7.7$9.7 million (inclusive of $2.7 million gain on the sale of Beacon Hill) for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. 2017.
Income tax expense increased $0.5decreased $4.6 million from the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 to the nine months ended September 30, 20172018 due to the overall increase in income before taxes, partially offset by the reduction of the Company's effective tax rate from 36.1%32.6% to 32.6%24.6%. This reduction was primarily due to the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The effective tax rate of 24.6% differed from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% due primarily to the additional income tax expense recorded in the state and city jurisdictions in which we do business, which was partially offset by $0.7 million of excess tax benefits from the vesting of stock awards.

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Operating profit margin was 46% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 45% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Operating profit margin, as adjusted, was 47% for both the nine months ended September 30, 20172018 and the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Operating profit margin, as adjusted, increased to 47% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from 46% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.2017. See Use of Supplemental Data as Non-GAAP Performance Measure section within this report. We expect that our operating margin may fluctuate from period-to-periodperiod to period based on various factors, including revenues; investment results; employee performance; staffing levels; development of investment strategies, products, or channels; and industry comparisons.
Revenue
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
  
(in thousands, except percentages)2017 2016 % Change
Investment advisory$98,106
 $84,752
 16 %
Mutual fund administration, net9,247
 11,312
 (18)%
Total$107,353
 $96,064
 12 %
As a percent of total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, investment advisory fees accounted for 91% and 88%, respectively.
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
  
(in thousands, except percentages)2018 2017 % Change
Investment advisory$103,086
 $98,106
 5 %
Mutual fund administration, net8,095
 9,247
 (12)%
Total$111,181
 $107,353
 4 %
Investment Advisory Fees. Investment advisory fees increased $13.4$5.0 million, or 16%5%, from the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 to the nine months ended September 30, 2017.2018. Investment advisory fees are calculated as a percentage of the market value of client accounts at contractual fee rates, which vary by investment product. The increase in investment advisory fees was driven by an increase of 18%8% in average AUM period over period, and was partially offset by a decrease of onetwo basis pointpoints in the average advisory fee rate from 0.65%0.64% for the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 to 0.64%0.62% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in average advisory fee rate was driven by a shift in the mix of assets held in lower fee rate strategies during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
Mutual Fund Administration Fees. Mutual fund administration fees decreased $2.1$1.2 million, or 18%12%, from the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 to the nine months ended September 30, 2017.2018. Mutual fund administration fees include administration fees received from the Funds, which are calculated as a percentage of average Funds' AUM. Mutual fundThe decrease was due to a reduction in the administration fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 included Beacon Hill administration fees of $2.5 million which were absent in 2017. Mutual fund administration fees related tofee rates paid by the Funds increased $0.4 million period over period.and an increase in shareholder servicing expenses and required shareholder mailings that DHCM pays on behalf of the Funds. This increase is primarily drivenwas partially offset by a 21%the 9% increase in average Funds' AUM from the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 to the nine months ended September 30, 2017, partially offset by a decrease of one basis point2018. The table below summarizes the decreases in the net administration fee rate from 0.10% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to 0.09% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Effective June 1, 2017, the Company reduced the administration fee rate charged on all Fund assets by one basis point.rates during the periods indicated:
 Class A & C Class I Class Y
1/1/2017 - 5/31/20170.24% 0.19% 0.09%
6/1/2017 - 2/27/20180.23% 0.18% 0.08%
2/28/2018 - 9/30/20180.21% 0.17% 0.05%
Expenses
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
  Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
  
(in thousands, except percentages)2017 2016 % Change2018 2017 % Change
Compensation and related costs$42,439
 $38,495
 10%$44,401
 $42,439
 5 %
General and administrative9,557
 8,055
 19%8,749
 9,557
 (8)%
Sales and marketing3,613
 3,106
 16%3,793
 3,613
 5 %
Mutual fund administration3,149
 2,866
 10%2,769
 3,149
 (12)%
Total$58,758
 $52,522
 12%$59,712
 $58,758
 2 %
Compensation and Related Costs. Employee compensation and benefits increased by $3.9$2.0 million, or 10%5%, from the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 to the nine months ended September 30, 2017.2018. This increase is primarily due to compensation cost increases for DHCM employees, including an increase in incentive compensation of $4.9 million, an increase in salary and related benefits of $1.0 million, an increase in deferred compensation expense of $0.4$2.3 million and an increase in incentive compensation and restricted stock expense of $0.2 million. These increases were partially offset by the absencea decrease in deferred compensation expense of Beacon Hill salary and benefits in 2017, compared to $2.6 million in 2016.$0.5 million. Incentive compensation expense can fluctuate significantly period over period as we evaluate incentive compensation by reviewing investment performance, individual performance, Company performance and other factors.

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General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses increaseddecreased by $1.5$0.8 million, or 19%8%, from the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 to the nine months ended September 30, 2017.2018. This increase isdecrease was primarily due to decreases in charitable donations of $1.0 million and information technology consulting expense of $0.4 million, which were partially offset by an increase in consultingresearch expenses to support our investment team of $0.4 million and depreciation expense of $0.7 million, an increase in investment research expenses of $0.5 million, and an increase in corporate legal and administrative expense of $0.3$0.2 million.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses increased by $0.5$0.2 million, or 16%5%, from the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 to the nine months ended September 30, 2017.2018. The increase was primarily due to additional payments made to third partythird-party intermediaries related to the sale of our proprietary funds.
Mutual Fund Administration. Mutual fund administration expenses increaseddecreased by $0.3$0.4 million, or 10%12%, from the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 to the nine months ended September 30, 2017.2018. Mutual fund administration expenses consist of both variable and fixed expenses. The variable expenses are based on Fund AUM and the number of shareholder accounts. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction in outsourced administration services.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources of Liquidity
Our current financial condition is highly liquid, with a significant amount of our assets comprised of cash and cash equivalents, investments, and accounts receivable. Our main source of liquidity is cash flows from operating activities, which isare generated from investment advisory and fund administration fees. Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and investments represented approximately 93%96% and 92%94% of total assets as of September 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively. We believe these sources of liquidity, as well as our continuing cash flows from operating activities, will be sufficient to meet our current and future operating needs for at least the next 12 months.
Uses of Liquidity
In line with the Company’s primary objective to fulfill our fiduciary duty to clients and secondary objective to achieve an adequate long-term return for shareholders, we anticipate our main uses of cash will be for operating expenses and seed capital to fund new and existing investment strategies.
The BoardOur board of Directorsdirectors and management regularly review various factors to determine whether we have capital in excess of that required for theour business and the appropriate use of any excess capital. The factors considered include our investment opportunities, capital needed for investment strategies, risks, and future dividend and capital gain tax rates. Our board of directors has also authorized management to repurchase the Company's common shares having an aggregate purchase price up to $50.0 million. The authority to repurchase shares will be exercised from time to time as market conditions warrant and is subject to regulatory considerations. Evaluating management’s stewardship of capital for shareholders is a central part of our investment discipline that we practice for our clients. We hold ourselves to the same standard.
Working Capital
As of September 30, 2017,2018, the Company had working capital of approximately $170.6$213 million, compared to $126.0$163 million at December 31, 2016.2017. Working capital includes cash, securities owned by common shareholders, prepaid expenses and current receivables, net of all liabilities.liabilities and redeemable noncontrolling interest. The Company has no debt, and we believe our available working capital is sufficient to cover current expenses and anticipated capital expenditures.

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Below is a summary of securities owned by the Company as of September 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016.2017.
As ofAs of
September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Corporate Investments:      
Diamond Hill Core Bond Fund$30,384,790
 $29,293,308
$36,394,830
 $30,529,852
Diamond Hill High Yield Fund25,571,852
 14,200,885
Diamond Hill Mid Cap Fund18,905,534
 17,754,640
17,929,066
 19,270,451
Diamond Hill High Yield Fund12,995,131
 6,210,304
Diamond Hill Research Opportunities Fund16,022,598
 15,409,571
Diamond Hill Valuation-Weighted 500 ETF11,524,297
 13,329,549
12,190,658
 12,096,719
Diamond Hill Research Opportunities Fund10,097,119
 10,921,540
Diamond Hill Global Fund10,086,637
 
Diamond Hill Global Fund, L.P.1,931,065
 1,570,965

 2,055,196
Diamond Hill International Equity Fund, L.P.1,141,897
 
1,193,456
 1,173,870
Diamond Hill Short Duration Total Return Fund
 20,245
Total Corporate Investments86,979,833
 79,100,551
119,389,097
 94,736,544
Deferred Compensation Plan Investments in the Funds19,571,038
 14,182,470
25,432,661
 20,480,790
Total investments held by DHCM106,550,871
 93,283,021
144,821,758
 115,217,334
Redeemable noncontrolling interest in consolidated funds23,192,510
 14,732,614
Redeemable noncontrolling interest in Consolidated Funds67,567,719
 23,258,688
Total Investment Portfolio$129,743,381
 $108,015,635
$212,389,477
 $138,476,022
Cash Flow Analysis
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
The Company’s cash flows from operating activities are calculated by adjusting net income to reflect other significant operating sources and uses of cash, certain significant non-cash items such as share-based compensation, and timing differences in the cash settlement of operating assets and liabilities.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net cash provided by operating activities totaled $40.6 million. Cash inflows provided by operating activities were primarily driven by net income of $39.3 million and the add back of stock-based compensation of $6.3 million and depreciation of $0.7 million. These cash inflows were partially offset by the net change in trading securities held in the underlying investment portfolio of the Consolidated Funds of $5.6 million, and the effect of non-cash items and timing differences in the cash settlement of assets and liabilities of $0.1 million. We expect that cash flows provided by operating activities will continue to serve as our primary source of working capital in the near future.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2016,2018, net cash provided by operating activities totaled $8.2$9.6 million. Cash inflows provided by operating activities was primarily driven by net income of $44.2 million, the add back of share-based compensation of $6.5 million, depreciation of $0.9 million, and the cash impact of timing differences in the settlement of assets and liabilities of $5.2 million. These cash inflows were partially offset by net purchases of securities held in the underlying investment portfolios of the Consolidated Funds of $47.2 million. Absent the cash used by Consolidated Funds to purchase securities into their investment portfolios, cash flow provided by operations was $55.9 million.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net cash provided by operating activities totaled $40.6 million. Cash inflows provided by operating activities were primarily driven by net income of $32.7$39.2 million and the add backadd-back of stock-basedshare-based compensation of $6.3$6.2 million, depreciation of $0.7 million, and depreciationthe cash impact of $0.5timing differences in the settlement of assets and liabilities of $0.1 million. These cash inflows were partially offset by the net change in trading securities held in the underlying investment portfolioportfolios of the Consolidated Funds of $29.4 million, and the effect of non-cash items and timing differences in$5.6 million. Absent the cash settlement of assets and liabilities of $1.9used by the Consolidated Funds to purchase securities into their investment portfolios, cash flow provided by operations was approximately $43.5 million.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
The Company’s cash flows from investing activities consist primarily of capital expenditures and purchases and redemptions in our investment portfolio.
Cash flows used in investing activities totaled $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The Company purchased investments of $4.4 million and $0.7 million of property and equipment during the period. These cash outflows were partially offset by proceeds from the sale of investments of $1.8 million.
Cash flows used in investing activities totaled $11.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The Company purchased investments of $13.4$13.3 million inclusive of $3.9 million of investments into our deferred compensation plans, and $0.5 million of property and equipment purchases during the period. These cash outflows were partially offset by redemptionsproceeds from sales of investments of $2.0 million and $0.8 million of proceeds from the scheduled collection of the promissory note received from the sale of Beacon Hill.
Cash flows provided by investing activities totaled $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The Company sold corporate investments of $18.7 million and received net proceeds of $1.2 million from the sale of Beacon Hill, which were offset by corporate investments purchased of $17.5 million, inclusive of $4.4 million into our deferred compensation plans, and property and equipment purchases of $0.3 million during the period.$2.7 million.

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Cash Flows from Financing Activities
The Company’s cash flows from financing activities may consist primarily of the payment of special dividends, shares withheld related to employee tax withholding and distributions to, or contributions from, redeemable noncontrolling interest holders.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net cash provided by financing activities totaled $17.7 million, consisting of net subscriptions received in the Consolidated Funds from redeemable noncontrolling interest holders of $19.3 million, which were partially offset by the value of shares withheld related to employee tax withholding of $1.6 million.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net cash provided by financing activities totaled $3.2 million, consisting of net subscriptions received in the Consolidated Funds from redeemable noncontrolling interest holders of $6.0 million, which were partially offset by the value of shares withheld related to employee tax withholding of $2.8 million.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, net cash used in financing activities totaled $4.0 million, consisting of the value of shares withheld related to employee tax withholding of $9.7 million, partially offset by excess income tax benefits of of $4.7 million and $0.9 million related to share based payment and dividends paid on restricted stock, respectively.
Supplemental Consolidated Cash Flow Statement
On January 1, 2016, the Company implemented the new consolidation accounting guidance that resulted in the consolidation of the Consolidated Funds. Our consolidated balance sheet now reflectssheets reflect the investments and other assets and liabilities of the Consolidated Funds, as well as redeemable noncontrolling interests for the portion of the Consolidated Funds that are held by third partythird-party investors. Although we can redeem our net interest in the Consolidated Funds at any time, we cannot directly access or sell the assets held by the Consolidated Funds to obtain cash for general operations. Additionally, the assets of the Consolidated Funds are not available to our general creditors.
The following table summarizes the condensed cash flows for the yearnine months ended September 30, 2017,2018, that are attributable to Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc. and to the Consolidated Funds, and the related eliminations required in preparing the consolidated statements.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Cash flow attributable to Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc. Cash flow attributable to Consolidated Funds Eliminations As reported on the Consolidated Statement of Cash FlowsCash flow attributable to Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc. Cash flow attributable to Consolidated Funds Eliminations As reported on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Cash flows from Operating Activities:              
Net Income$38,094,182
 $4,243,172
 $(3,086,787) $39,250,567
$42,567,882
 $3,549,489
 $(1,877,849) $44,239,522
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:              
Depreciation659,707
 
 
 659,707
868,243
 
 
 868,243
Share-based compensation6,258,112
 
 
 6,258,112
6,472,823
 
 
 6,472,823
Net (gains)/losses on investments(6,673,565) (4,243,172) 3,086,787
 (7,829,950)(1,512,557) (3,549,489) 1,877,849
 (3,184,197)
Net change in trading securities held by Consolidated Funds
 (5,639,151) 
 (5,639,151)
Net change in securities held by Consolidated Funds
 (47,246,344) 
 (47,246,344)
Other changes in assets and liabilities5,181,406
 2,723,264
 
 7,904,670
7,505,048
 976,231
 
 8,481,279
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities43,519,842
 (2,915,887) 
 40,603,955
55,901,439
 (46,270,113) 
 9,631,326
Net cash used in investing activities(7,916,696) 
 (3,219,665) (11,136,361)(30,281,588) 
 27,008,953
 (3,272,635)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(2,789,948) 2,803,209
 3,219,665
 3,232,926
(1,602,526) 46,270,113
 (27,008,953) 17,658,634
Net change during the period32,813,198
 (112,678) 
 32,700,520
24,017,325
 
 
 24,017,325
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period57,077,198
 112,678
 
 57,189,876
76,602,108
 
 
 76,602,108
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$89,890,396
 $
 $
 $89,890,396
$100,619,433
 $
 $
 $100,619,433

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Use of Supplemental Data as Non-GAAP Performance Measure
As supplemental information, we are providing performance measures that are based on methodologies other than U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“non-GAAP”). We believe the non-GAAP measures below are useful measures of our core business activities, are important metrics in estimating the value of an asset management business and may enable more appropriate comparison to our peers. These non-GAAP measures should not be a substitute for financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, and may be calculated differently by other companies. The following schedule reconciles GAAP measures to non-GAAP measures for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively.

Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
(in thousands, except percentages and per share data)2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Total revenue$36,772
 $32,937
 $107,353
 $96,064
$37,472
 $36,772
 $111,181
 $107,353
              
Net operating income, GAAP basis$16,887
 $15,139
 $48,596
 $43,542
$16,916
 $16,887
 $51,469
 $48,596
Non-GAAP adjustment:              
Gains (losses) on deferred compensation plan investments, net(1)
451
 818
 1,472
 1,025
Gains on deferred compensation plan investments, net(1)
983
 451
 923
 1,472
Net operating income, as adjusted, non-GAAP basis(2)
17,338
 15,957
 50,068
 44,567
17,899
 17,338
 52,392
 50,068
Non-GAAP adjustment:              
Tax provision on net operating income, as adjusted, non-GAAP basis(3)
(5,731) (5,750) (16,342) (16,097)(4,633) (5,731) (12,897) (16,342)
Net operating income, as adjusted, after tax, non-GAAP basis(4)
$11,607
 $10,207
 $33,726
 $28,470
$13,266
 $11,607
 $39,495
 $33,726


 

 

 



 

 

 

Net operating income, as adjusted after tax per diluted share, non-GAAP basis(5)
$3.35
 $2.98
 $9.78
 $8.35
$3.76
 $3.35
 $11.24
 $9.78
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding, GAAP basis3,461
 3,420
 3,448
 3,410
3,532
 3,461
 3,515
 3,448
              
Operating profit margin, GAAP basis46% 46% 45% 45%45% 46% 46% 45%
Operating profit margin, as adjusted, non-GAAP basis(6)
47% 48% 47% 46%48% 47% 47% 47%
(1) Gains (losses) on deferred compensation plan investments, net: The gain (loss) on deferred compensation plan investments, which increases (decreases) deferred compensation expense included in operating income, is removed from operating income in the calculation because it is offset by an equal amount in investment income (loss) below net operating income on the income statement, and thus has no impact on net income attributable to the Company.
(2) Net operating income, as adjusted: This non-GAAP measure was calculated by takingas the Company’s net operating income adjusted to exclude the impact on compensation expense of gains and losses on investments in the deferred compensation plan.
(3) Tax provision on net operating income, as adjusted: This non-GAAP measure represents the tax provision excluding the impact of investment related activity and the sale of subsidiary and is calculated by applying the tax rate from the actual tax provision to net operating income, as adjusted.
(4) Net operating income, as adjusted, after tax: This non-GAAP measure was calculated by takingdeducts from the net operating income, as adjusted, less the tax provision on net operating income, as adjusted.
(5) Net operating income, as adjusted after tax per diluted share: This non-GAAP measure was calculated by dividing the net operating income, as adjusted after tax, by diluted weighted average shares outstanding.
(6) Operating profit margin, as adjusted: This non-GAAP measure was calculated by dividing the net operating income, as adjusted, by total revenue.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements. We do not have any obligationobligations under a guarantee contract, or acontracts, any retained or contingent interestinterests in assets or similar arrangementarrangements that servesserve as credit, liquidity or market risk support for such assets, or any other obligation, including aany contingent obligation, under a contract that would be accounted for as a derivative instrument or arising out of a variable interest.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

ForConsolidation. We consolidate all subsidiaries and certain investments in which we have a summarycontrolling interest. We are generally deemed to have a controlling interest when we own the majority of the criticalvoting interest of a VRE or are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE. VIEs are entities that lack sufficient equity to finance their activities or the equity holders do not have defined power to direct the activities of the entity normally associated with an equity investment. Our analysis to determine whether an entity is a VIE or a VRE involves judgment and considers several factors, including an entity's legal organization, equity structure, the rights of the investment holders, our ownership interest in the entity, and our contractual involvement with the entity. We continually review and reconsider our VIE or VRE conclusions upon the occurrence of certain events, such as changes to our ownership interest or amendments to contract documents. Our VIEs are primarily sponsored investment entities and our variable interest consists of our equity ownership in these entities. The Company concluded we are not the primary beneficiary of any of these VIEs as of September 30, 2018, as we lack the power to control these entities.

Provisions for Income Taxes. The objectives of accounting policies importantfor income taxes are to understandingrecognize the condensed consolidatedamount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in an entity’s financial statements see Note 2, or tax returns. Judgment is required in assessing the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns.

Revenue Recognition on Performance-Based Advisory Contracts.Significant Accounting Policies, We have certain investment advisory contracts in which a portion of the fees are based on investment performance achieved in the condensed consolidated financial statements containedrespective client portfolio in Part I, Item 1excess of this filing and Critical Accounting Policies in Management’s Discussion and Analysisa specified hurdle rate. These fees are calculated based on client investment results over rolling five-year periods. The Company records variable performance fees at the end of Financial Condition and Results of Operationsthe contract measurement period because the variable fees earned are constrained based on movements in the 2016 Annual Reportfinancial markets.

Revenue Recognition when Acting as an Agent vs. Principal. The Funds have selected and Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies,contractually engaged certain vendors to fulfill various services to benefit the Funds’ shareholders or to satisfy regulatory requirements of the Funds. These services include, among others, required Fund shareholder mailings, registration services, and legal and audit services. DHCM, in fulfilling a portion of its role under the administration agreement with the Funds, acts as agent to pay these obligations of the Funds. Each vendor is independently responsible for fulfillment of the services it has been engaged to provide and negotiates fees and terms with the management and board of trustees of the Funds. The fee that the Funds pay to DHCM is reviewed annually by the Funds’ board of trustees and specifically takes into account the contractual expenses that DHCM pays on behalf of the Funds. As a result, DHCM is not involved in the 2016 Annual Reportdelivery or pricing of these services and bears no risk related to these services. Revenue has been recorded net of these Fund expenses, as it is the appropriate accounting treatment for further information.this agency relationship.

ITEM 3:Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There has been no material change in the information provided in Item 7A of the Company’s 20162017 Annual Report.

ITEM 4:Controls and Procedures
Management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, has conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report (the “Evaluation Date”). Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 20172018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II:OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1:Legal Proceedings
From time to time, the Company is party to ordinary, routine litigation that is incidental to its business. There are currently no such matters pending that the Company believes could have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 1A:Risk Factors
There has been no material change to the information provided in Item 1A of the Company’s 20162017 Annual Report.

ITEM 2:Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
During the quarter ended September 30, 2017,2018, the Company did not purchase any of its Common Sharescommon shares and did not sell any Common Sharescommon shares that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933. The following table sets forth information regarding the Company’s repurchase program of its Common Shares andcommon shares withheld for tax payments due upon employee Restricted Stock which vested during the third quarter of fiscal year 2017:2018:
 

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Period
Total Number
of Shares Purchased(a)
 
Average Price
Paid Per Share
 
Total Number
of Shares Purchased
as part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
 
Maximum Number
of Shares That May
Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans or
Programs(b)
July 1, 2017 through July 31, 20174,545
 $199.40
 
 318,433
August 1, 2017 through August 31, 2017
 $
 
 318,433
September 1, 2017 through September 30, 2017
 $
 
 318,433
Total4,545
 $199.40


 318,433
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased for Employee Tax Withholdings(a)
 
Total Number
of Shares 
Purchased
as part of Publicly
Announced Program(b)
 
Average Price
Paid Per Share
 
Purchase Price of Shares
 Purchased
Under the Program
 Aggregate Purchase Price Yet To Be Purchased Under the Program
July 1, 2018 through
   July 31, 2018
3,525
 
 $
 
 50,000,000
August 1, 2018 through
   August 31, 2018

 
 $
 
 50,000,000
September 1, 2018 through
   September 30, 2018

 
 $
 
 50,000,000
Total3,525
 
 $


  
 
(a)a.)All ofDuring the 4,545quarter ended September 30, 2018, the Company purchased 3,525 shares of the Company's common shares purchased during the quarter ended September 30, 2017 representedat an average price paid per share of $194.43. Those repurchases consisted solely of shares withheld for tax payments due upon employee Restricted Stock which vested during the quarter.
(b)b.)The Company’sCompany's current share repurchase program was announced on August 9, 2007.September 25, 2018. The Board of Directors authorized management to repurchase up to 350,000 shares$50,000,000 of the Company’s Common Sharescommon shares in the open market and in private transactions in accordance with applicable securities laws. The Company’s share repurchase program is not subject to an expiration date.will expire in September 2020. The Company's previous program, announced on August 9, 2007, was terminated effective with the adoption of the current program.
The Company has entered into a Rule 10b5-1 repurchase plan in connection with its currently effective repurchase program.  This plan is intended to qualify for the safe harbor under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.  A Rule 10b5-1 plan allows a company to purchase its shares at times when it would not ordinarily be in the market due to its trading policies or the possession of material nonpublic information. Purchases may be made in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions.  Purchases in the open market will be made in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act. Because the repurchases under the 10b5-1 plan will be subject to specified parameters and certain price, timing and volume restraints specified in the plan, there is no guarantee as to the exact number of shares that will be repurchased, or that there will be any repurchases at all pursuant to the plan.

ITEM 3:Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None


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ITEM 4:Mine Safety Disclosures
None

ITEM 5:Other Information
None


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ITEM 6:Exhibits
3.1  
   
3.2 
   
3.3  
   
31.1  
   
31.2  
   
32.1  
Section 1350 Certifications. (Furnished herewith)
   
101.INS  XBRL Instance Document.
   
101.SCH  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
   
101.CAL  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
   
101.DEF  XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document.
   
101.LAB  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
   
101.PRE  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.


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DIAMOND HILL INVESTMENT GROUP, INC.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
DIAMOND HILL INVESTMENT GROUP, INC.
 
Date Title Signature
     
October 26, 201730, 2018 Chief Executive Officer and President /s/ Christopher M. Bingaman
    Christopher M. Bingaman
     
October 26, 201730, 2018 Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer /s/ Thomas E. Line
    Thomas E. Line


31