UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


Quarterly period ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023

OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ____ to ____

Commission File Number: 000-26926
scansourcelogo4a291a06.jpg
ScanSource, Inc.

South Carolina
(State of Incorporation)

57-0965380
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

6 Logue Court
Greenville, South Carolina 29615
(864) 288-2432
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class:Trading Symbol:Name of exchange on which registered:
Common stock, no par valueSCSCNASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes      No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes      No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Accelerated filer

Emerging growth company
Non-accelerated filer





If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.      

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes      No  

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
ClassOutstanding at FebruaryMay 1, 2023
Common Stock, no par value per share25,349,30424,899,757 shares



SCANSOURCE, INC.
INDEX TO FORM 10-Q
DecemberMarch 31, 20222023
 
  Page #
Item 1.Financial Statements
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 6.

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Table of Contents
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Forward-looking statements are included in the "Risk Factors," "Legal Proceedings," "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" sections and elsewhere herein. Words such as "expects," "anticipates," "believes," "intends," "plans," "hopes," "forecasts," "seeks," "estimates," "goals," "projects," "strategy," "future," "likely," "may," "should," and variations of such words and similar expressions generally identify such forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this Form 10-Q is based only on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date on which it is made. Except as may be required by law, we expressly disclaim any obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors including, but not limited to the following factors, which are neither presented in order of importance nor weighted: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, macroeconomic conditions, including potential prolonged economic weakness, inflation and supply chain challenges, the failure to manage and implement the Company's organic growth strategy, credit risks involving the Company's larger customers and suppliers, changes in interest and exchange rates and regulatory regimes impacting the Company's international operations, risk to the Company's business from a cyber-security attack, a failure of the Company's IT systems, failure to hire and retain quality employees, loss of the Company's major customers, termination ofrelationships with the Company's relationship with key suppliers and sales partners or a termination or a significant modification of the terms under which it operates with a key supplier,such suppliers and sales partners, changes in the Company's operating strategy and other factors set forth in "Risk Factors" contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2022.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.Financial Statements
SCANSOURCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(In thousands, except share information)
December 31, 2022June 30, 2022March 31, 2023June 30, 2022
AssetsAssetsAssets
Current assets:Current assets:Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$66,445 $37,987 Cash and cash equivalents$37,374 $37,987 
Accounts receivable, less allowance of $13,353 at December 31, 2022
and $16,806 at June 30, 2022
779,562 729,442 
Accounts receivable, less allowance of $14,236 at March 31, 2023
and $16,806 at June 30, 2022
Accounts receivable, less allowance of $14,236 at March 31, 2023
and $16,806 at June 30, 2022
684,458 729,442 
InventoriesInventories761,936 614,814 Inventories752,763 614,814 
Prepaid expenses and other current assetsPrepaid expenses and other current assets111,119 141,562 Prepaid expenses and other current assets102,946 141,562 
Total current assetsTotal current assets1,719,062 1,523,805 Total current assets1,577,541 1,523,805 
Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment, net36,593 37,477 Property and equipment, net36,486 37,477 
GoodwillGoodwill214,367 214,435 Goodwill215,326 214,435 
Identifiable intangible assets, netIdentifiable intangible assets, net75,950 84,427 Identifiable intangible assets, net72,192 84,427 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes14,751 15,668 Deferred income taxes14,300 15,668 
Other non-current assetsOther non-current assets69,806 61,616 Other non-current assets64,537 61,616 
Total assetsTotal assets$2,130,529 $1,937,428 Total assets$1,980,382 $1,937,428 
Liabilities and Shareholders’ EquityLiabilities and Shareholders’ EquityLiabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:Current liabilities:Current liabilities:
Accounts payableAccounts payable$748,662 $714,177 Accounts payable$656,688 $714,177 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other current liabilities76,985 88,455 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities77,045 88,455 
Income taxes payableIncome taxes payable6,049 34 Income taxes payable4,441 34 
Current portion of long-term debtCurrent portion of long-term debt5,040 11,598 Current portion of long-term debt5,977 11,598 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities836,736 814,264 Total current liabilities744,151 814,264 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes3,132 3,144 Deferred income taxes3,202 3,144 
Long-term debt, net of current portionLong-term debt, net of current portion147,756 123,733 Long-term debt, net of current portion145,881 123,733 
Borrowings under revolving credit facilityBorrowings under revolving credit facility230,000 135,839 Borrowings under revolving credit facility159,194 135,839 
Other long-term liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities50,519 53,920 Other long-term liabilities49,059 53,920 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities1,268,143 1,130,900 Total liabilities1,101,487 1,130,900 
Commitments and contingenciesCommitments and contingenciesCommitments and contingencies
Shareholders’ equity:Shareholders’ equity:Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, no par value; 3,000,000 shares authorized, none issuedPreferred stock, no par value; 3,000,000 shares authorized, none issued — Preferred stock, no par value; 3,000,000 shares authorized, none issued — 
Common stock, no par value; 45,000,000 shares authorized, 25,343,014 and 25,187,351 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022, respectively68,313 64,297 
Common stock, no par value; 45,000,000 shares authorized, 25,007,396 and 25,187,351 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectivelyCommon stock, no par value; 45,000,000 shares authorized, 25,007,396 and 25,187,351 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively60,475 64,297 
Retained earningsRetained earnings896,645 846,869 Retained earnings917,866 846,869 
Accumulated other comprehensive lossAccumulated other comprehensive loss(102,572)(104,638)Accumulated other comprehensive loss(99,446)(104,638)
Total shareholders’ equityTotal shareholders’ equity862,386 806,528 Total shareholders’ equity878,895 806,528 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equityTotal liabilities and shareholders’ equity$2,130,529 $1,937,428 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$1,980,382 $1,937,428 
June 30, 2022 amounts are derived from audited consolidated financial statements.
See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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SCANSOURCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(In thousands, except per share data)
 
Quarter endedSix months endedQuarter endedNine months ended
December 31,December 31, March 31,March 31,
2022202120222021 2023202220232022
Net salesNet sales$1,011,241 $864,079 $1,955,054 $1,721,662 Net sales$885,519 $845,990 $2,840,573 $2,567,652 
Cost of goods soldCost of goods sold895,907 756,426 1,726,236 1,512,437 Cost of goods sold773,757 739,482 2,499,992 2,251,920 
Gross profitGross profit115,334 107,653 228,818 209,225 Gross profit111,762 106,508 340,581 315,732 
Selling, general and administrative expensesSelling, general and administrative expenses69,074 69,161 140,667 133,016 Selling, general and administrative expenses70,669 66,522 211,337 199,538 
Depreciation expenseDepreciation expense2,678 2,547 5,441 5,427 Depreciation expense2,644 2,612 8,085 8,039 
Intangible amortization expenseIntangible amortization expense4,150 4,447 8,391 8,956 Intangible amortization expense4,170 4,457 12,561 13,413 
Operating incomeOperating income39,432 31,498 74,319 61,826 Operating income34,279 32,917 108,598 94,742 
Interest expenseInterest expense5,060 1,493 8,507 3,153 Interest expense5,715 1,483 14,223 4,637 
Interest incomeInterest income(2,027)(947)(3,618)(1,973)Interest income(1,710)(1,000)(5,327)(2,973)
Other expense, netOther expense, net207 543 955 807 Other expense, net361 (136)1,314 668 
Income before income taxesIncome before income taxes36,192 30,409 68,475 59,839 Income before income taxes29,913 32,570 98,388 92,410 
Provision for income taxesProvision for income taxes10,458 7,257 18,699 14,614 Provision for income taxes8,692 9,044 27,391 23,659 
Net income from continuing operationsNet income from continuing operations25,734 23,152 49,776 45,225 Net income from continuing operations21,221 23,526 70,997 68,751 
Net income from discontinued operationsNet income from discontinued operations 100  100 Net income from discontinued operations —  100 
Net incomeNet income$25,734 $23,252 $49,776 $45,325 Net income$21,221 $23,526 $70,997 $68,851 
Per share data:Per share data:Per share data:
Net income from continuing operations per common share, basicNet income from continuing operations per common share, basic$1.02 $0.91 $1.97 $1.77 Net income from continuing operations per common share, basic$0.84 $0.92 $2.81 $2.69 
Net income from discontinued operations per common share, basicNet income from discontinued operations per common share, basic —  — Net income from discontinued operations per common share, basic —  — 
Net income per common share, basicNet income per common share, basic$1.02 $0.91 $1.97 $1.77 Net income per common share, basic$0.84 $0.92 $2.81 $2.69 
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basicWeighted-average shares outstanding, basic25,287 25,585 25,244 25,549 Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic25,196 25,635 25,228 25,577 
Net income from continuing operations per common share, dilutedNet income from continuing operations per common share, diluted$1.01 $0.89 $1.96 $1.75 Net income from continuing operations per common share, diluted$0.83 $0.91 $2.79 $2.66 
Net income from discontinued operations per common share, dilutedNet income from discontinued operations per common share, diluted —  — Net income from discontinued operations per common share, diluted —  — 
Net income per common share, dilutedNet income per common share, diluted$1.01 $0.90 $1.96 $1.76 Net income per common share, diluted$0.83 $0.91 $2.79 $2.67 
Weighted-average shares outstanding, dilutedWeighted-average shares outstanding, diluted25,502 25,895 25,454 25,806 Weighted-average shares outstanding, diluted25,439 25,853 25,436 25,812 
See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SCANSOURCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(In thousands)

Quarter endedSix months endedQuarter endedNine months ended
December 31,December 31,March 31,March 31,
2022202120222021 2023202220232022
Net incomeNet income$25,734 $23,252 $49,776 $45,325 Net income$21,221 $23,526 $70,997 $68,851 
Unrealized gain on hedged transaction, net of tax3 1,172 1,882 1,585 
Unrealized (loss) gain on hedged transaction, net of taxUnrealized (loss) gain on hedged transaction, net of tax(1,165)3,144 718 4,730 
Foreign currency translation adjustmentForeign currency translation adjustment7,401 (2,759)184 (13,906)Foreign currency translation adjustment4,291 17,186 4,474 3,279 
Comprehensive incomeComprehensive income$33,138 $21,665 $51,842 $33,004 Comprehensive income$24,347 $43,856 $76,189 $76,860 
See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SCANSOURCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(In thousands, except share information)

Common
Stock
(Shares)
Common
Stock
(Amount)
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
TotalCommon
Stock
(Shares)
Common
Stock
(Amount)
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Total
Balance at June 30, 2022Balance at June 30, 202225,187,351 $64,297 $846,869 $(104,638)$806,528 Balance at June 30, 202225,187,351 $64,297 $846,869 $(104,638)$806,528 
Net incomeNet income— — 24,042 — 24,042 Net income— — 24,042 — 24,042 
Unrealized gain on hedged transaction, net of taxUnrealized gain on hedged transaction, net of tax— — — 1,879 1,879 Unrealized gain on hedged transaction, net of tax— — — 1,879 1,879 
Foreign currency translation adjustmentForeign currency translation adjustment— — — (7,217)(7,217)Foreign currency translation adjustment— — — (7,217)(7,217)
Exercise of stock options and shares issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxesExercise of stock options and shares issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes38,551 (586)— — (586)Exercise of stock options and shares issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes38,551 (586)— — (586)
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation— 2,358 — — 2,358 Share-based compensation— 2,358 — — 2,358 
Balance at September 30, 2022Balance at September 30, 202225,225,902 $66,069 $870,911 $(109,976)$827,004 Balance at September 30, 202225,225,902 $66,069 $870,911 $(109,976)$827,004 
Net incomeNet income  25,734  25,734 Net income— — 25,734 — 25,734 
Unrealized gain on hedged transaction, net of taxUnrealized gain on hedged transaction, net of tax   3 3 Unrealized gain on hedged transaction, net of tax— — — 
Foreign currency translation adjustmentForeign currency translation adjustment   7,401 7,401 Foreign currency translation adjustment— — — 7,401 7,401 
Exercise of stock options and shares issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxesExercise of stock options and shares issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes117,112 (1,112)  (1,112)Exercise of stock options and shares issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes117,112 (1,112)— — (1,112)
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation 3,356   3,356 Share-based compensation— 3,356 — — 3,356 
Balance at December 31, 2022Balance at December 31, 202225,343,014 $68,313 $896,645 $(102,572)$862,386 Balance at December 31, 202225,343,014 $68,313 $896,645 $(102,572)$862,386 
Net incomeNet income  21,221  21,221 
Unrealized loss on hedged transaction, net of taxUnrealized loss on hedged transaction, net of tax   (1,165)(1,165)
Foreign currency translation adjustmentForeign currency translation adjustment   4,291 4,291 
Exercise of stock options and shares issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxesExercise of stock options and shares issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes20,851 118   118 
Common stock repurchasedCommon stock repurchased(356,469)(10,906)  (10,906)
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation 2,950   2,950 
Balance at March 31, 2023Balance at March 31, 202325,007,396 $60,475 $917,866 $(99,446)$878,895 
See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SCANSOURCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(In thousands, except share information)

Common
Stock
(Shares)
Common
Stock
(Amount)
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
TotalCommon
Stock
(Shares)
Common
Stock
(Amount)
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Total
Balance at June 30, 2021Balance at June 30, 202125,499,465 $71,253 $758,071 $(98,133)$731,191 Balance at June 30, 202125,499,465 $71,253 $758,071 $(98,133)$731,191 
Net incomeNet income— — 22,073 — 22,073 Net income— — 22,073 — 22,073 
Unrealized gain on hedged transaction, net of taxUnrealized gain on hedged transaction, net of tax— — — 413 413 Unrealized gain on hedged transaction, net of tax— — — 413 413 
Foreign currency translation adjustmentForeign currency translation adjustment— — — (11,147)(11,147)Foreign currency translation adjustment— — — (11,147)(11,147)
Exercise of stock options and shares issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxesExercise of stock options and shares issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes29,086 994 — — 994 Exercise of stock options and shares issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes29,086 994 — — 994 
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation— 2,570 — — 2,570 Share-based compensation— 2,570 — — 2,570 
Balance at September 30, 2021Balance at September 30, 202125,528,551 $74,817 $780,144 $(108,867)$746,094 Balance at September 30, 202125,528,551 $74,817 $780,144 $(108,867)$746,094 
Net incomeNet income— — 23,252 — 23,252 Net income— — 23,252 — 23,252 
Unrealized gain on hedged transaction, net of taxUnrealized gain on hedged transaction, net of tax— — — 1,172 1,172 Unrealized gain on hedged transaction, net of tax— — — 1,172 1,172 
Foreign currency translation adjustmentForeign currency translation adjustment— — — (2,759)(2,759)Foreign currency translation adjustment— — — (2,759)(2,759)
Exercise of stock options and shares issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxesExercise of stock options and shares issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes134,897 (2,513)— — (2,513)Exercise of stock options and shares issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes134,897 (2,513)— — (2,513)
Common stock repurchasedCommon stock repurchased(5,903)(183)— — (183)Common stock repurchased(5,903)(183)— — (183)
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation— 3,462 — — 3,462 Share-based compensation— 3,462 — — 3,462 
Balance at December 31, 2021Balance at December 31, 202125,657,545 $75,583 $803,396 $(110,454)$768,525 Balance at December 31, 202125,657,545 $75,583 $803,396 $(110,454)$768,525 
Net incomeNet income— — 23,526 — 23,526 
Unrealized gain on hedged transaction, net of taxUnrealized gain on hedged transaction, net of tax— — — 3,144 3,144 
Foreign currency translation adjustmentForeign currency translation adjustment— — — 17,186 17,186 
Exercise of stock options and shares issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxesExercise of stock options and shares issued under share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes46,549 383 — — 383 
Common stock repurchasedCommon stock repurchased(274,852)(8,886)— — (8,886)
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation— 2,776 — — 2,776 
Balance at March 31, 2022Balance at March 31, 202225,429,242 $69,856 $826,922 $(90,124)$806,654 
See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SCANSOURCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(In thousands)
Six months endedNine months ended
December 31, March 31,
20222021 20232022
Cash flows from operating activities:Cash flows from operating activities:Cash flows from operating activities:
Net incomeNet income$49,776 $45,325 Net income$70,997 $68,851 
Net income from discontinued operationsNet income from discontinued operations 100 Net income from discontinued operations 100 
Net income from continuing operationsNet income from continuing operations49,776 45,225 Net income from continuing operations70,997 68,751 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization14,285 14,879 Depreciation and amortization21,359 22,184 
Amortization of debt issue costsAmortization of debt issue costs385 209 Amortization of debt issue costs481 313 
Provision for doubtful accountsProvision for doubtful accounts33 921 Provision for doubtful accounts1,852 156 
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation5,679 6,032 Share-based compensation8,633 8,792 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes932 (109)Deferred income taxes1,409 1,995 
Finance lease interestFinance lease interest24 26 Finance lease interest31 32 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivableAccounts receivable(49,541)(54,370)Accounts receivable46,652 (67,404)
InventoriesInventories(146,826)(95,531)Inventories(136,257)(118,349)
Prepaid expenses and other assetsPrepaid expenses and other assets30,487 (11,236)Prepaid expenses and other assets39,178 (15,002)
Other non-current assetsOther non-current assets(7,168)(1,561)Other non-current assets(1,772)(2,791)
Accounts payableAccounts payable33,820 25,444 Accounts payable(60,717)67,535 
Accrued expenses and other liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other liabilities(13,268)(5,130)Accrued expenses and other liabilities(16,780)(12,745)
Income taxes payableIncome taxes payable6,036 (177)Income taxes payable4,426 862 
Net cash used in operating activitiesNet cash used in operating activities(75,346)(75,378)Net cash used in operating activities(20,508)(45,671)
Cash flows from investing activities:Cash flows from investing activities:Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expendituresCapital expenditures(4,262)(2,645)Capital expenditures(6,549)(3,326)
Proceeds from the sale of discontinued operationsProceeds from the sale of discontinued operations 3,125 Proceeds from the sale of discontinued operations 3,125 
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(4,262)480 
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(6,549)(201)
Cash flows from financing activities:Cash flows from financing activities:Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings on revolving credit, net of expensesBorrowings on revolving credit, net of expenses1,232,058 1,115,161 Borrowings on revolving credit, net of expenses1,871,909 1,597,270 
Repayments on revolving credit, net of expensesRepayments on revolving credit, net of expenses(1,137,897)(1,057,376)Repayments on revolving credit, net of expenses(1,848,554)(1,552,976)
Borrowings (repayments) on long-term debt, netBorrowings (repayments) on long-term debt, net17,465 (4,093)Borrowings (repayments) on long-term debt, net16,527 (5,968)
Repayments on finance lease obligationRepayments on finance lease obligation(492)(624)Repayments on finance lease obligation(612)(932)
Debt issuance costsDebt issuance costs(1,407)— Debt issuance costs(1,407)— 
Exercise of stock optionsExercise of stock options634 1,114 Exercise of stock options853 1,592 
Taxes paid on settlement of equity awardsTaxes paid on settlement of equity awards(2,332)(2,634)Taxes paid on settlement of equity awards(2,433)(2,729)
Common stock repurchasedCommon stock repurchased (183)Common stock repurchased(10,718)(8,527)
Net cash provided by financing activitiesNet cash provided by financing activities108,029 51,365 Net cash provided by financing activities25,565 27,730 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalentsEffect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents37 (5,062)Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents879 (1,037)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents28,458 (28,595)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalentsDecrease in cash and cash equivalents(613)(19,179)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of periodCash and cash equivalents at beginning of period37,987 62,718 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period37,987 62,718 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of periodCash and cash equivalents at end of period$66,445 $34,123 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$37,374 $43,539 
See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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SCANSOURCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

(1) Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Business Description

ScanSource, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries referred to as “the Company” or “ScanSource”) is a leading hybrid distributor connecting devices to the cloud and accelerating growth for partners across hardware, Software as a Service ("SaaS"), connectivity and cloud. The Company brings technology solutions and services from the world’s leading suppliers of mobility and barcode, point-of-sale ("POS"), payments, physical security, unified communications and collaboration, telecom and cloud services to market. The Company operates in the United States, Canada, Brazil and the UK. The Company's two operating segments, Specialty Technology Solutions and Modern Communications & Cloud, are based on technology.technology type and are generally related to technology devices and communication, connectivity and cloud services, respectively.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared by the Company’s management in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring and non-recurring adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present fairly the financial position at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and June 30, 2022, the results of operations for the quarters and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 2021,2022, the statements of comprehensive income for the quarters and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 2021,2022, the statements of shareholders' equity for the quarters and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 20212022 and the statements of cash flows for the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 2021.2022. The results of operations for the quarters and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for a full year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022. Unless otherwise indicated, disclosures provided in the Notes pertain to continuing operations only.

The Company has reclassified certain prior-year amounts in the segment results to conform with current year presentation. The reclassifications had no effect on the condensed consolidated financial results.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies for the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 from the policies described in the notes to the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022. For a discussion of the Company’s significant accounting policies, please see the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains zero-balance disbursement accounts at various financial institutions at which the Company does not maintain significant depository relationships. Due to the terms of the agreements governing these accounts, the Company generally does not have the right to offset outstanding checks written from these accounts against cash on hand, and the respective institutions are not legally obligated to honor the checks until sufficient funds are transferred to fund the checks. As a result, checks released but not yet cleared from these accounts in the amounts of $8.9$7.4 million and $18.0 million are included in accounts payable on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and June 30, 2022, respectively.

Long-lived Assets

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The Company presents depreciation expense and intangible amortization expense on the Condensed Consolidated Income Statements. The Company's depreciation expense related to selling, general and administrative costs totaled $2.7$2.6 million and $5.4$8.1 million for the quarter and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and $2.5$2.6 million and $5.4$8.0 million for the quarter and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2021.2022. Depreciation expense reported as part of cost of goods sold on the Condensed Consolidated Income Statements totaled $0.2$0.3 million and $0.5$0.7 million for the quarter and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 2021.$0.2 million and $0.7 million for the quarter and nine months ended March 31, 2022. The Company's intangible amortization expense reported on the Condensed Consolidated Income Statements relates to selling, general and administrative costs, not the cost of selling goods. Intangible amortization expense totaled $4.2 million and $8.4$12.6 million for the quarter and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and $4.4$4.5 million and $9.0$13.4 million for the quarter and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2021.2022.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has reviewed newly issued accounting pronouncements and concluded that they are either not applicable to its business or that no material effect is expected on its consolidated financial statements as a result of future adoption.

(2) Trade Accounts and Notes Receivable, Net

The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable for estimated future expected credit losses resulting from customers’ failure to make payments on accounts receivable due to the Company. The Company has notes receivable with certain customers, which are included in “Accounts receivable, less allowance” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Management determines the estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable by considering a number of factors, including: (i) historical experience, (ii) aging of the accounts receivable, (iii) specific information obtained by the Company on the financial condition and the current creditworthiness of its customers, (iv) the current economic and country-specific environment and (v) reasonable and supportable forecasts about collectability. Expected credit losses are estimated on a pool basis when similar risk characteristics exist using an age-based reserve model. Receivables that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Estimates of expected credit losses on trade receivables over the contractual life are recorded at inception and adjusted over the contractual life.

The changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 are set forth in the table below.
June 30, 2022Amounts Charged to ExpenseWrite-offs
Other (1)
December 31, 2022
(in thousands)
Trade accounts and current notes receivable allowance$16,806 $33 $(2,842)$(644)$13,353 
June 30, 2022Amounts Charged to ExpenseWrite-offs
Other (1)
March 31, 2023
(in thousands)
Trade accounts and current notes receivable allowance$16,806 $1,852 $(3,595)$(827)$14,236 
(1)"Other" amounts include recoveries and the effect of foreign currency fluctuations for the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022.2023.


(3) Revenue Recognition

The Company provides technology solutions and services from the world's leading suppliers of mobility, barcode, POS, payments, physical security, unified communications, collaboration, telecom and cloud services. This includes hardware, related accessories and device configuration as well as software licenses, professional services and hardware support programs.

In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to recognize, the Company applies the following five-step model: (i) identify contracts with customers; (ii) identify performance obligations in the contracts; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations per the contracts; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company recognizes revenue as control of products and services are transferred to customers, which is generally at the point of shipment. The Company delivers products to customers in several ways, including: (i) shipment from a Company warehouse, (ii) drop-shipment directly from the supplier, or (iii) electronic delivery for non-physical products.

Principal versus Agent Considerations

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The Company is the principal for sales of all hardware and certain software and services. The Company considers itself the principal in those transactions where it has control of the product or service before it is transferred to the customer. The Company recognizes the principal-associated revenue and cost of goods sold on a gross basis.
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The Company is the agent for third-party service contracts, including product warranties and supplier-hosted software. These service contracts are sold separately from the products, and the Company often serves as the agent for the contract on behalf of the original equipment manufacturer. The Company's responsibility is to arrange for the provision of the specified service by the original equipment manufacturer, and the Company does not control the specified service before it is transferred to the customer. Because the Company acts as an agent, revenue is recognized net of cost at the time of sale. The Intelisys business operates under an agency model.

Variable Considerations

For certain transactions, products are sold with a right of return and may also provide other rebates or incentives, which are accounted for as variable consideration. The Company estimates a returns allowance based on historical experience and reduces revenue accordingly. The Company estimates the amount of variable consideration for rebates and incentives by using the expected value to be given to the customer and reduces the revenue by those estimated amounts. These estimates are reviewed and updated as necessary at the end of each reporting period.

Contract Balances

The Company records contract assets and liabilities for payments received from customers in advance of services performed. These assets and liabilities are the result of the sales of the Company's self-branded warranty programs and other transactions where control has not yet passed to the customer. These amounts are immaterial to the consolidated financial statements for the periods presented.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables represent the Company's disaggregation of revenue:

Quarter ended December 31, 2022Quarter ended March 31, 2023
Specialty Technology SolutionsModern Communications & CloudTotalSpecialty Technology SolutionsModern Communications & CloudTotal
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Revenue by product/serviceRevenue by product/serviceRevenue by product/service
Hardware, software and cloud (excluding Intelisys)Hardware, software and cloud (excluding Intelisys)$627,548 $363,743 $991,291 Hardware, software and cloud (excluding Intelisys)$565,652 $299,803 $865,455 
Intelisys connectivity and cloudIntelisys connectivity and cloud 19,950 19,950 Intelisys connectivity and cloud 20,064 20,064 
$627,548 $383,693 $1,011,241 $565,652 $319,867 $885,519 
Six months ended December 31, 2022Nine months ended March 31, 2023
Specialty Technology SolutionsModern Communications & CloudTotalSpecialty Technology SolutionsModern Communications & CloudTotal
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Revenue by product/service:Revenue by product/service:Revenue by product/service:
Hardware, software and cloud (excluding Intelisys)Hardware, software and cloud (excluding Intelisys)$1,203,878 $712,373 $1,916,251 Hardware, software and cloud (excluding Intelisys)$1,769,530 $1,012,176 $2,781,706 
Intelisys connectivity and cloudIntelisys connectivity and cloud 38,803 38,803 Intelisys connectivity and cloud 58,867 58,867 
$1,203,878 $751,176 $1,955,054 $1,769,530 $1,071,043 $2,840,573 
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Quarter ended December 31, 2021Quarter ended March 31, 2022
Specialty Technology SolutionsModern Communications & CloudTotalSpecialty Technology SolutionsModern Communications & CloudTotal
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Revenue by product/serviceRevenue by product/serviceRevenue by product/service
Hardware, software and cloud (excluding Intelisys)Hardware, software and cloud (excluding Intelisys)$496,920 $348,893 $845,813 Hardware, software and cloud (excluding Intelisys)$503,072 $323,684 $826,756 
Intelisys connectivity and cloudIntelisys connectivity and cloud— 18,266 18,266 Intelisys connectivity and cloud— 19,234 19,234 
$496,920 $367,159 $864,079 $503,072 $342,918 $845,990 
Six months ended December 31, 2021Nine months ended March 31, 2022
Specialty Technology SolutionsModern Communications & CloudTotalSpecialty Technology SolutionsModern Communications & CloudTotal
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Revenue by product/service:Revenue by product/service:Revenue by product/service:
Hardware, software and cloud (excluding Intelisys)Hardware, software and cloud (excluding Intelisys)$998,630 $687,142 $1,685,772 Hardware, software and cloud (excluding Intelisys)$1,501,702 $1,010,825 $2,512,527 
Intelisys connectivity and cloudIntelisys connectivity and cloud— 35,890 35,890 Intelisys connectivity and cloud— 55,125 55,125 
$998,630 $723,032 $1,721,662 $1,501,702 $1,065,950 $2,567,652 


(4) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common and potential common shares outstanding.

Quarter endedSix months endedQuarter endedNine months ended
December 31,December 31, March 31,March 31,
2022202120222021 2023202220232022
(in thousands, except per share data) (in thousands, except per share data)
Numerator:Numerator:Numerator:
Net income from continuing operationsNet income from continuing operations$25,734 $23,152 $49,776 $45,225 Net income from continuing operations$21,221 $23,526 $70,997 $68,751 
Net income from discontinued operationsNet income from discontinued operations 100  100 Net income from discontinued operations —  100 
Net incomeNet income$25,734 $23,252 $49,776 $45,325 Net income$21,221 $23,526 $70,997 $68,851 
Denominator:Denominator:Denominator:
Weighted-average shares, basicWeighted-average shares, basic25,287 25,585 25,244 25,549 Weighted-average shares, basic25,196 25,635 25,228 25,577 
Dilutive effect of share-based paymentsDilutive effect of share-based payments215 310 210 257 Dilutive effect of share-based payments243 218 208 235 
Weighted-average shares, dilutedWeighted-average shares, diluted25,502 25,895 25,454 25,806 Weighted-average shares, diluted25,439 25,853 25,436 25,812 
Net income from continuing operations per common share, basicNet income from continuing operations per common share, basic$1.02 $0.91 $1.97 $1.77 Net income from continuing operations per common share, basic$0.84 $0.92 $2.81 $2.69 
Net loss from discontinued operations per common share, basic —  — 
Net income from discontinued operations per common share, basicNet income from discontinued operations per common share, basic —  — 
Net income per common share, basicNet income per common share, basic$1.02 $0.91 $1.97 $1.77 Net income per common share, basic$0.84 $0.92 $2.81 $2.69 
Net income from continuing operations per common share, dilutedNet income from continuing operations per common share, diluted$1.01 $0.89 $1.96 $1.75 Net income from continuing operations per common share, diluted$0.83 $0.91 $2.79 $2.66 
Net loss from discontinued operations per common share, diluted —  — 
Net income from discontinued operations per common share, dilutedNet income from discontinued operations per common share, diluted —  — 
Net income per common share, dilutedNet income per common share, diluted$1.01 $0.90 $1.96 $1.76 Net income per common share, diluted$0.83 $0.91 $2.79 $2.67 

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For the quartersquarter and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2023, weighted-average shares outstanding excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive were 779,688 and 1,152,714, respectively. For the quarter and nine months ended March 31, 2022, weighted-average shares outstanding excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive were 847,6511,004,992 and 1,268,455, respectively. For the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2021, weighted-average shares outstanding excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive were 847,484 and 1,149,352,969,871, respectively.

(5) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of the following: 
December 31, 2022June 30, 2022March 31, 2023June 30, 2022
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Foreign currency translation adjustmentForeign currency translation adjustment$(105,715)$(105,899)Foreign currency translation adjustment$(101,425)$(105,899)
Unrealized gain on hedged transaction, net of taxUnrealized gain on hedged transaction, net of tax3,143 1,261 Unrealized gain on hedged transaction, net of tax1,979 1,261 
Accumulated other comprehensive lossAccumulated other comprehensive loss$(102,572)$(104,638)Accumulated other comprehensive loss$(99,446)$(104,638)

The tax effect of amounts in comprehensive loss reflect a tax (benefit) expense or as follows:

Quarter ended December 31,Six months ended December 31,
2022202120222021
(in thousands)
Tax expense$166 $517 $580 $800 
Quarter ended March 31,Nine months ended March 31,
2023202220232022
(in thousands)
Tax (benefit) expense$(354)$590 $225 $1,390 

(6) Goodwill and Other Identifiable Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, by reporting segment, are set forth in the table below.
Specialty Technology SolutionsModern Communications & CloudTotalSpecialty Technology SolutionsModern Communications & CloudTotal
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Balance at June 30, 2022Balance at June 30, 2022$16,370 $198,065 $214,435 Balance at June 30, 2022$16,370 $198,065 $214,435 
Foreign currency translation adjustmentForeign currency translation adjustment— (68)(68)Foreign currency translation adjustment— 891 891 
Balance at December 31, 2022$16,370 $197,997 $214,367 
Balance at March 31, 2023Balance at March 31, 2023$16,370 $198,956 $215,326 

The following table shows changes in the amount recognized for net identifiable intangible assets for the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022.2023.
Net Identifiable Intangible Assets
(in thousands)
Balance at June 30, 2022$84,427 
Amortization expense(8,391)(12,561)
Foreign currency translation adjustment(86)326 
Balance at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023$75,95072,192 


(7) Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt

The following table presents the Company’s debt at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and June 30, 2022.
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December 31, 2022June 30, 2022March 31, 2023June 30, 2022
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Current portion of long-term debtCurrent portion of long-term debt$5,040 $11,598 Current portion of long-term debt$5,977 $11,598 
Mississippi revenue bond, net of current portionMississippi revenue bond, net of current portion3,381 3,733 Mississippi revenue bond, net of current portion3,381 3,733 
Senior secured term loan facility, net of current portionSenior secured term loan facility, net of current portion144,375 120,000 Senior secured term loan facility, net of current portion142,500 120,000 
Borrowings under revolving credit facilityBorrowings under revolving credit facility230,000 135,839 Borrowings under revolving credit facility159,194 135,839 
Total debtTotal debt$382,796 $271,170 Total debt$311,052 $271,170 

Credit Facility

The Company has a multi-currency senior secured credit facility (as amended, the "Amended Credit Agreement") with JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., as administrative agent, and a syndicate of banks (as amended,(collectively the “Amended Credit Agreement”"Lenders"). On September 28, 2022, ScanSource, Inc.the Company amended and restated the Amended Credit Agreement, which includes (i) a five-year, $350 million multicurrency senior secured revolving credit facility and (ii) a five-year $150 million senior secured term loan facility. The Amended Credit Agreement extended the credit facility maturity date to September 28, 2027. In addition, pursuant to an “accordion feature,” the Company may increase its borrowings up to an additional $250 million, subject to obtaining additional credit commitments from the lenders participating in the increase. The Amended Credit Agreement allows for the issuance of up to $50 million for letters of credit. Borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement are guaranteed by substantially all of the domestic assets of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries. Under the terms of the revolving credit facility, the payment of cash dividends is restricted. The Company incurred debt issuance costs of $1.4 million in connection with the amendment and restatement of the Amended Credit Agreement. These costs were capitalized to other non-current assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and added to the unamortized debt issuance costs from the previous credit facility.

Loans denominated in U.S. dollars, other than swingline loans, shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at the Company’s option, (i) the adjusted Term SOFRterm Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") or adjusted daily simple SOFR plus an additional margin ranging from 1.00% to 1.75%, depending upon the Company’s ratio of (A) total consolidated debt less up to $30 million of unrestricted domestic cash to (B) trailing four-quarter consolidated EBITDA measured as of the end of the most recent year or quarter, as applicable, for which financial statements have been delivered to the Lenders (the “leverage ratio”); or (ii) the alternate base rate plus an additional margin ranging from 0% to 0.75%, depending upon the Company’s leverage ratio, plus, if applicable, certain mandatory costs. All swingline loans denominated in U.S. dollars shall bear interest based upon the adjusted daily simple SOFR floating daily, plus an additional margin ranging from 1.00% to 1.75%, depending upon the Company's leverage ratio, or such other rate as the Company and the applicable swingline lender may agree. The adjusted term SOFR and adjusted daily simple SOFR include a fixed credit adjustment of 0.10% over the applicable SOFR reference rate. Loans denominated in foreign currencies shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the applicable benchmark rate set forth in the NewAmended Credit Agreement plus an additional margin ranging from 1.00% to 1.75%, depending upon the Company’s leverage ratio plus, if applicable, certain mandatory costs.

During the quarter and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, the Company's borrowings under the credit facility were U.S. dollar loans. The spread in effect as of DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 was 1.50%, plus a 0.10% credit spread adjustment for SOFR-based loans and 0.50% for alternate base rate loans. The commitment fee rate in effect at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 was 0.25%. The Amended Credit Agreement includes customary representations, warranties and affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants. Specifically, the Company’s Leverage Ratio must be less than or equal to 3.50 to 1.00 at all times. In addition, the Company’s Interest Coverage Ratio (as such term is defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) must be at least 3.00 to 1.00 at the end of each fiscal quarter. In the event of a default, customary remedies are available to the lenders, including acceleration and increased interest rates. The Company was in compliance with all covenants under the credit facility at DecemberMarch 31, 2022.2023.

The average daily outstanding balance on the revolving credit facility, excluding the term loan facility, during the sixnine month periods ended DecemberMarch 31, 2023 and 2022 and 2021 was $219.5$227.2 million and $57.1$60.0 million, respectively. There was $120.0$190.8 million and $214.2 million available for additional borrowings as of DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and June 30, 2022, respectively. There were no letters of credit issued under the multi-currency revolving credit facility at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 or June 30, 2022.

Mississippi Revenue Bond

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On August 1, 2007, the Company entered into an agreement with the State of Mississippi to provide financing for the acquisition and installation of certain equipment to be utilized at the Company’s Southaven, Mississippi warehouse, through the issuance of an industrial development revenue bond. The bond matures on September 1, 2032 and accrues2032. The bond accrued interest at the 30-day LIBOR rate plus a spread of 0.85%, until March 31, 2023. An April 1, 2023 amendment changed the benchmark interest rate from LIBOR to SOFR. Effective April 1, 2023, the bond accrues interest at the one-month term SOFR plus an adjustment of 0.10% plus a spread of 0.85%. The terms of the bond allow for payment of interest only for the first 10 years of the agreement, and then, startingagreement. Starting on September 1, 2018 through 2032, principal and interest payments are due until the maturity date or the redemption of the bond. The agreement also provides the bondholder with a put option, exercisable only within 180 days of each fifth anniversary of the agreement, requiring the Company to pay back the bonds at 100% of the principal amount outstanding. At DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under this bond. The interest rates at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and June 30, 2022 were 4.97%5.52% and 1.97%, respectively.

Debt Issuance Costs

At DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, net debt issuance costs associated with the credit facility and bond totaled $1.8$1.7 million and are being amortized on a straight-line basis through the maturity date of each respective debt instrument.

(8) Derivatives and Hedging Activities

The Company's results of operations could be materially impacted by significant changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. In an effort to manage the exposure to these risks, the Company periodically enters into various derivative instruments. The Company's accounting policies for these instruments are based on whether the instruments are designated as hedge or non-hedge instruments in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The Company records all derivatives on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value. Derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments or the ineffective portions of cash flow hedges are adjusted to fair value through earnings in other income and expense.

Foreign Currency Derivatives – The Company conducts a portion of its business internationally in a variety of foreign currencies and is exposed to market risk for changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company attempts to hedge transaction exposures with natural offsets to the fullest extent possible and once these opportunities have been exhausted the Company uses currency options and forward contracts or other hedging instruments with third parties. These contracts will periodically hedge the exchange of various currencies, including the U.S. dollar, Brazilian real, euro, British pound and Canadian dollar.

The Company had contracts outstanding for purposes of managing cash flows with notional amounts of $47.4$37.9 million and $34.5 million for the exchange of foreign currencies at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and June 30, 2022, respectively. To date, the Company has chosen not to designate these derivatives as hedging instruments, and accordingly, these instruments are adjusted to fair value through earnings in other income and expense. Summarized financial information related to these derivative contracts and changes in the underlying value of the foreign currency exposures included in the Condensed Consolidated Income Statements for the quarters and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 20212022 are as follows:

 Quarter endedSix months ended
December 31,December 31,
 2022202120222021
 (in thousands)
Net foreign exchange derivative contract losses (gains)$871 $(523)$1,309 $(2,175)
Net foreign currency transactional and re-measurement (gains) losses(524)1,003 (39)3,141 
Net foreign currency exchange losses$347 $480 $1,270 $966 
 Quarter endedNine months ended
March 31,March 31,
 2023202220232022
 (in thousands)
Net foreign exchange derivative contract losses$564 $3,464 $1,873 $1,289 
Net foreign currency transactional and re-measurement gains(59)(3,206)(98)(66)
Net foreign currency exchange losses$505 $258 $1,775 $1,223 

Net foreign currency exchange gains and losses consist of foreign currency transactional and functional currency re-measurements, offset by net foreign currency exchange contract gains and losses and are included in other income and expense. Foreign exchange gains and losses are generated as the result of fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar versus the Brazilian real, the U.S. dollar versus the euro, the British pound versus the euro, and the Canadian dollar versus the U.S. dollar..dollar.

Interest Rates - The Company’s earnings are also affected by changes in interest rates due to the impact those changes have on interest expense from floating rate debt instruments. The Company manages its exposure to changes in interest rates by using interest rate swaps to hedge this exposure and to achieve a desired proportion of fixed versus floating rate debt.

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On April 30, 2019, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement to lock into a fixed LIBOR interest rate, which was amended on September 28, 2022, to change the reference rate from LIBOR to SOFR. The swap agreement has a notional amount of $100.0 million, with a $50.0 million tranche scheduled to mature on April 30, 2024 and a $50.0 million tranche scheduled to mature April 30, 2026. This swap

17On March 31, 2023, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement to lock into a fixed SOFR interest rate with a notional amount of $25 million and a maturity date of March 31, 2028.

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agreement isThese interest rate swap agreements are designated as a cash flow hedgehedges to hedge the variable rate interest payments on the revolving credit facility. Interest rate differentials paid or received under the swap agreementagreements are recognized as adjustments to interest expense. To the extent the swap isswaps are effective in offsetting the variability of the hedged cash flows, changes in the fair value of the swapswaps are not included in current earnings but are reported as other comprehensive income (loss). There was no ineffective portion to be recorded as an adjustment to earnings for the quarters and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 2021.2022.

The components of the cash flow hedge included in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the quarters and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 2021,2022, are as follows:
Quarter endedSix months ended
December 31,December 31,
 2022202120222021
(in thousands)
Net interest (income) expense recognized as a result of interest rate swap$(345)$579 $(313)$1,157 
Unrealized gain in fair value of interest rate swap349 999 2,849 983 
Net increase in accumulated other comprehensive income4 1,578 2,536 2,140 
Income tax effect1 406 652 555 
Net increase in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax$3 $1,172 $1,884 $1,585 
Quarter endedNine months ended
March 31,March 31,
 2023202220232022
(in thousands)
Net interest (income) expense recognized as a result of interest rate swap$(556)$532 $(869)$1,689 
Unrealized (loss) gain in fair value of interest rate swap(1,013)3,675 1,837 4,658 
Net (decrease) increase in accumulated other comprehensive income(1,569)4,207 968 6,347 
Income tax effect(404)1,063 250 1,617 
Net (decrease) increase in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax$(1,165)$3,144 $718 $4,730 

The Company used the following derivative instruments at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and June 30, 2022, reflected in its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, for the risk management purposes detailed above:

December 31, 2022June 30, 2022 March 31, 2023June 30, 2022
Balance Sheet LocationFair Value  of
Derivatives
Designated 
as Hedge Instruments
Fair Value  of
Derivatives
Not Designated as  Hedge Instruments
Fair Value  of
Derivatives
Designated
as Hedge Instruments
Fair Value  of
Derivatives
Not Designated as Hedge Instruments
Balance Sheet LocationFair Value  of
Derivatives
Designated 
as Hedge Instruments
Fair Value  of
Derivatives
Not Designated as  Hedge Instruments
Fair Value  of
Derivatives
Designated
as Hedge Instruments
Fair Value  of
Derivatives
Not Designated as Hedge Instruments
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Derivative assets:Derivative assets:Derivative assets:
Interest rate swap agreementInterest rate swap agreementOther non-current assets$4,223 $1,686— Interest rate swap agreementOther non-current assets$2,654 $1,686— 
Derivative liabilities:Derivative liabilities:Derivative liabilities:
Foreign exchange contractsForeign exchange contractsAccrued expenses and other current liabilities $9— $5Foreign exchange contractsAccrued expenses and other current liabilities $24— $5
Foreign currency hedgeForeign currency hedgeAccrued expenses and other current liabilities$281 $93— Foreign currency hedgeAccrued expenses and other current liabilities$230 $93— 

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(9) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Accounting guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Under this guidance, the Company classifies certain assets and liabilities based on the fair value hierarchy, which aggregates fair value measured assets and liabilities based upon the following levels of inputs:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;
Level 2 – Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and
Level 3 – Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).

The assets and liabilities maintained by the Company that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis include deferred compensation plan investments, forward foreign currency exchange contracts, foreign currency hedge agreements and interest rate swap agreements. The carrying value of debt is considered to approximate fair value, as the Company’s debt instruments are indexed to a variable rate using the market approach (Level 2).

The following table summarizes the valuation of the Company’s remaining assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at DecemberMarch 31, 2022:2023:

TotalQuoted
prices in
active
markets
(Level 1)
Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
TotalQuoted
prices in
active
markets
(Level 1)
Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Assets:Assets:Assets:
Deferred compensation plan investments, current and non-current portionDeferred compensation plan investments, current and non-current portion$27,387 $27,387 $ Deferred compensation plan investments, current and non-current portion$27,226 $27,226 $ 
Interest rate swap agreementInterest rate swap agreement4,223  4,223 Interest rate swap agreement2,654  2,654 
Total assets at fair valueTotal assets at fair value$31,610 $27,387 $4,223 Total assets at fair value$29,880 $27,226 $2,654 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Deferred compensation plan investments, current and non-current portionDeferred compensation plan investments, current and non-current portion$27,387 $27,387 $ Deferred compensation plan investments, current and non-current portion$27,226 $27,226 $ 
Forward foreign currency exchange contractsForward foreign currency exchange contracts9  9 Forward foreign currency exchange contracts24  24 
Foreign currency hedgeForeign currency hedge281  281 Foreign currency hedge230 230 230 
Total liabilities at fair valueTotal liabilities at fair value$27,677 $27,387 $290 Total liabilities at fair value$27,480 $27,456 $254 

The following table summarizes the valuation of the Company’s remaining assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2022:
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TotalQuoted
prices in
active
markets
(Level 1)
Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
 (in thousands)
Assets:
Deferred compensation plan investments, current and non-current portion$25,178 $25,178 $— 
Interest rate swap agreement1,686 — 1,686 
Total assets at fair value$26,864 $25,178 $1,686 
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation plan investments, current and non-current portion$25,178 $25,178 $— 
Forward foreign currency exchange contracts— 
Foreign currency hedge93 — 93 
Total liabilities at fair value$25,276 $25,178 $98 

The investments in the deferred compensation plan are held in a "rabbi trust" and include mutual funds and cash equivalents for payment of non-qualified benefits for certain retired, terminated and active employees. These investments are recorded to prepaid expenses and other current assets or other non-current assets depending on their corresponding, anticipated distribution dates to recipients, which are reported in accrued expenses and other current liabilities or other long-term liabilities, respectively.

Derivative instruments, such as foreign currency forward contracts, are measured using the market approach on a recurring basis considering foreign currency spot rates and forward rates quoted by banks or foreign currency dealers and interest rates quoted by banks (Level 2). Fair values of interest rate swaps are measured using standard valuation models with inputs that can be derived from observable market transactions, including LIBORSOFR spot and forward rates (Level 2). Foreign currency contracts and interest rate swap agreements are classified in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as prepaid expenses and other non-current assets or accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities, depending on the respective instruments' favorable or unfavorable positions. See Note 8 - Derivatives and Hedging Activities.

(10) Segment Information

The Company is a leading provider of technology solutions and services to customers in specialty technology markets. The Company has two reportable segments, based on technology.technology type.

Specialty Technology Solutions Segment

The Specialty Technology Solutions segment includes the Company’s business in mobility and barcode, POS, payments, security and networking technologies. Mobility and barcode solutions include mobile computing, barcode scanners and imagers, radio frequency identification devices, barcode printing and related services. POS and payments solutions include POS systems, integrated POS software platforms, self-service kiosks including self-checkout, payment terminals and mobile payment devices. Security solutions include video surveillance and analytics, video management software and access control. Networking solutions include switching, routing and wireless products and software. The Company has business operations within this segment in the United States, Canada and Brazil.

Modern Communications & Cloud Segment

The Modern Communications & Cloud segment includes the Company’s business in communications and collaboration, connectivity and cloud services. Communications and collaboration solutions, delivered in the cloud, on-premise or hybrid, include voice, video, integration of communication platforms and contact center solutions. The Intelisys connectivity and cloud marketplace offers telecom, cable, Unified Communications as a Service (“UCaaS”), Contact Center as a Service (“CCaaS”), Infrastructure as a Service, Software-Defined Wide-Area Network and other cloud services. This segment includes SaaS and subscription services, which the Company offers using digital tools and platforms. The Company has business operations within this segment in the United States, Canada, Brazil and the UK.

Selected financial information for each business segment is presented below:
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Quarter endedSix months endedQuarter endedNine months ended
December 31,December 31, March 31,March 31,
2022202120222021 2023202220232022
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Sales:Sales:Sales:
Specialty Technology SolutionsSpecialty Technology Solutions$627,548 $496,920 $1,203,878 $998,630 Specialty Technology Solutions$565,652 $503,072 $1,769,530 $1,501,702 
Modern Communications & CloudModern Communications & Cloud383,693 367,159 751,176 723,032 Modern Communications & Cloud319,867 342,918 1,071,043 1,065,950 
$1,011,241 $864,079 $1,955,054 $1,721,662 $885,519 $845,990 $2,840,573 $2,567,652 
Depreciation and amortization:Depreciation and amortization:Depreciation and amortization:
Specialty Technology SolutionsSpecialty Technology Solutions$2,758 $2,897 $5,462 $5,867 Specialty Technology Solutions$2,638 $2,874 $8,099 $8,741 
Modern Communications & CloudModern Communications & Cloud3,738 3,613 7,385 7,574 Modern Communications & Cloud3,717 3,738 11,102 11,312 
CorporateCorporate561 719 1,438 1,438 Corporate719 693 2,158 2,131 
$7,057 $7,229 $14,285 $14,879 $7,074 $7,305 $21,359 $22,184 
Operating income (loss):Operating income (loss):Operating income (loss):
Specialty Technology SolutionsSpecialty Technology Solutions$19,682 $16,551 $41,534 $30,655 Specialty Technology Solutions$19,811 $20,623 $61,345 $51,278 
Modern Communications & CloudModern Communications & Cloud19,750 14,894 32,785 31,201 Modern Communications & Cloud14,468 12,294 47,253 43,494 
CorporateCorporate 53  (30)Corporate —  (30)
$39,432 $31,498 $74,319 $61,826 $34,279 $32,917 $108,598 $94,742 
Capital expenditures:Capital expenditures:Capital expenditures:
Specialty Technology SolutionsSpecialty Technology Solutions$(524)$(318)$(1,026)$(435)Specialty Technology Solutions$(520)$(62)$(1,546)$(496)
Modern Communications & CloudModern Communications & Cloud(1,980)(1,236)(3,236)(2,210)Modern Communications & Cloud(1,766)(620)(5,003)(2,830)
$(2,504)$(1,554)$(4,262)$(2,645)$(2,286)$(682)$(6,549)$(3,326)
Sales by Geography Category:Sales by Geography Category:Sales by Geography Category:
United States and CanadaUnited States and Canada$911,033 $774,301 $1,772,637 $1,546,215 United States and Canada$811,963 $766,035 $2,584,598 $2,312,250 
InternationalInternational102,020 90,419 186,294 178,231 International76,722 81,461 263,017 259,693 
Less intercompany salesLess intercompany sales(1,812)(641)(3,877)(2,784)Less intercompany sales(3,166)(1,506)(7,042)(4,291)
$1,011,241 $864,079 $1,955,054 $1,721,662 $885,519 $845,990 $2,840,573 $2,567,652 

December 31, 2022June 30, 2022March 31, 2023June 30, 2022
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Assets:Assets:Assets:
Specialty Technology SolutionsSpecialty Technology Solutions$1,181,810 $1,030,538 Specialty Technology Solutions$1,077,363 $1,030,538 
Modern Communications & CloudModern Communications & Cloud948,719 906,890 Modern Communications & Cloud903,019 906,890 
CorporateCorporate — Corporate — 
$2,130,529 $1,937,428 $1,980,382 $1,937,428 
Property and equipment, net by Geography Category:Property and equipment, net by Geography Category:Property and equipment, net by Geography Category:
United States and CanadaUnited States and Canada$29,590 $32,715 United States and Canada$28,120 $32,715 
InternationalInternational7,003 4,762 International8,366 4,762 
$36,593 $37,477 $36,486 $37,477 

(11) Leases

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 842, at contract inception the Company determines if a contract contains a lease by assessing whether the contract contains an identified asset and whether the Company has the ability to control the asset. The Company also determines if the lease meets the classification criteria for an operating lease versus a finance lease under ASC 842. Substantially all of the Company's leases are operating leases for real estate, warehouse and office equipment ranging in duration from 1 year to 10 years. The Company has elected not to record short-term operating
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leases with an initial term of 12 months or less on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Operating leases are recorded as other non-current assets, accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company has finance leases for information technology equipment expiring through fiscal year 2027. Finance leases are recorded as property and equipment, net, accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The gross amount of the balances recorded related to finance leases is immaterial to the condensed consolidated financial statements at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and the consolidated financial statements at June 30, 2022.

Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the net present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term. The Company generally is not able to determine the rate implicit in its leases and has elected to apply an incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate for the present value determination, which is based on the Company's cost of borrowings for the relevant terms of each lease and geographical economic factors. Certain operating lease agreements contain options to extend or terminate the lease. The lease term used is adjusted for these options when the Company is reasonably certain it will exercise the option. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments not based on a rate or index, such as costs for common area maintenance, are expensed as incurred. Further, the Company has elected the practical expedient to recognize all lease and non-lease components as a single lease component, where applicable.

The following table presents amounts recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets related to operating leases at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and June 30, 2022:

December 31, 2022June 30, 2022March 31, 2023June 30, 2022
Operating leasesOperating leasesBalance Sheet location(in thousands)Operating leasesBalance Sheet location(in thousands)
Operating lease right-of-use assetsOperating lease right-of-use assetsOther non-current assets$14,247 $16,217 Operating lease right-of-use assetsOther non-current assets$13,541 $16,217 
Current operating lease liabilitiesCurrent operating lease liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other current liabilities$4,541 $4,499 Current operating lease liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other current liabilities$4,474 $4,499 
Long-term operating lease liabilitiesLong-term operating lease liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities$10,880 $13,085 Long-term operating lease liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities$10,284 $13,085 

The following table presents amounts recorded in operating lease expense as part of selling general and administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Income Statements during the quarters and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 2021.2022. Operating lease costs contain immaterial amounts of short-term lease costs for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less.

Quarter ended December 31,Six months ended December 31,Quarter ended March 31,Nine months ended March 31,
20222021202220212023202220232022
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Operating lease costOperating lease cost$1,291 $1,268 $2,577 $2,512 Operating lease cost$1,319 $1,366 $3,896 $3,877 
Variable lease costVariable lease cost419 328 763 650 Variable lease cost396 317 1,158 966 
$1,710 $1,596 $3,340 $3,162 $1,715 $1,683 $5,054 $4,843 

Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company's operating leases for the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 20212022 are presented in the table below:

Six months endedNine months ended
December 31,March 31,
2022202120232022
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts in the measurement of lease liabilitiesCash paid for amounts in the measurement of lease liabilities$2,697 $2,652 Cash paid for amounts in the measurement of lease liabilities$4,054 $4,082 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligationsRight-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations286 1,782 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations746 2,313 

The weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 are presented in the table below:

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DecemberMarch 31, 20222023
Weighted-average remaining lease term3.963.80 years
Weighted-average discount rate3.984.30 %

The following table presents the maturities of the Company's operating lease liabilities at DecemberMarch 31, 2022:2023:

Operating leasesOperating leases
(in thousands)(in thousands)
20232023$2,663 2023$1,371 
202420244,546 20244,699 
202520253,417 20253,569 
202620262,878 20263,030 
202720272,597 20272,673 
ThereafterThereafter632 Thereafter632 
Total future paymentsTotal future payments16,733 Total future payments15,974 
Less: amounts representing interestLess: amounts representing interest1,312 Less: amounts representing interest1,216 
Present value of lease paymentsPresent value of lease payments$15,421 Present value of lease payments$14,758 
(12) Commitments and Contingencies

The Company and its subsidiaries are,is, from time to time, partiesparty to lawsuits arising out of operations. Although there can be no assurance, based upon information known to the Company, the Company believes that any liability resulting from an adverse determination of such lawsuits would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

During the Company's due diligence for the Network1 acquisition, several pre-acquisition contingencies were identified regarding various Brazilian federal and state tax exposures. The Company recorded indemnification receivables that are reported gross of the pre-acquisition contingency liabilities as the funds were escrowed as part of the acquisition. The amount available after the impact of foreign currency translation for future pre-acquisition contingency settlements or to be released to the sellers was $3.0$3.2 million and $4.1 million at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and June 30, 2022, respectively.

The table below summarizes the balances and line item presentation of Network1's pre-acquisition contingencies and corresponding indemnification receivables in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and June 30, 2022:
December 31, 2022June 30, 2022March 31, 2023June 30, 2022
Network1Network1
(in thousands) (in thousands)
AssetsAssetsAssets
Prepaid expenses and other current assetsPrepaid expenses and other current assets$15 $15 Prepaid expenses and other current assets$15 $15 
Other non-current assetsOther non-current assets$3,833 $3,818 Other non-current assets$3,833 $3,818 
LiabilitiesLiabilitiesLiabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other current liabilities$15 $15 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities$15 $15 
Other long-term liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities$3,833 $3,818 Other long-term liabilities$3,833 $3,818 

(13) Income Taxes

Income taxes for the quarters and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 20212022 have been included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements using an estimated annual effective tax rate. In addition to applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to pre-tax income, the Company includes certain items treated as discrete events to arrive at an estimated overall tax provision. During the quarter ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, there were no material discrete items. For the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, a discrete net tax benefit of $0.7 million was recorded, which is primarily attributable to a notional interest deduction on the net equity of the Company's Brazilian subsidiary.

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The Company’s effective tax rate of 28.9%29.1% and 27.3%27.8% for the quarter and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023 differs from the current federal statutory rate of 21% primarily as a result of income derived from tax jurisdictions with varying income tax rates, nondeductible expenses and state income taxes. The Company's effective tax rate was 23.9%27.8% and 24.4%25.6% for the quarter and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2021.2022.

As of DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, the Company is not permanently reinvested with respect to all earnings generated by foreign operations. The Company has determined that there is no material deferred tax liability for federal, state and withholding tax related to undistributed earnings. During the quarter ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, foreign subsidiaries repatriateddid not repatriate any cash of $9.1 million to the United States. There is no certainty to the timing of any future distributions of such earnings to the U.S. in whole or in part.

The Company had approximately $1.2 million and $1.1 million of total gross unrecognized tax benefits at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and June 30, 2022. Of this total at DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, approximately $0.9 million represents the amount of unrecognized tax benefits that are permanent in nature and, if recognized, would affect the annual effective tax rate. The Company does not believe that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease within twelve months of the reporting date.

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. At DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and June 30, 2022, the Company had approximately $1.2 million accrued for interest and penalties.

The Company conducts business globally and one or more of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S. federal, various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by taxing authorities in countries and states in which it operates. With certain exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to federal, state and local or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for the years before June 30, 2017.

(14) Discontinued Operations

On August 20, 2019, the Company announced plans to divest the product distribution businesses in Europe, the UK, Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Peru and the Miami-based export operations ("Divestitures") as these businesses were performing below management's expectations. The Company continues to operate its digital business in these countries. Management determined that the Company did not have sufficient scale in these markets to maximize the value-added model for product distribution, leading the Company to focus and invest in its higher-growth, higher-margin businesses. Results from the Divestitures were included within each reportable segment, which includes the Specialty Technology Solutions and Modern Communications & Cloud segments.

The Company signed an agreement on July 23, 2020 with Intcomex for its businesses located in Latin America, outside of Brazil. The Company finalized the sale of the Latin America businesses on October 30, 2020. The Company also finalized the sale of the Europe and UK businessbusinesses on November 12, 2020. Total cash received for the sale of divestituresDivestitures was $37.5 million.

There were no components of net income or loss from discontinued operations for the quarter and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2023 or the quarter ended March 31, 2022. During the quarter and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2021,2022, the Company recognized a gain from the sale of discontinued operations of $0.1 million.
There were no assets or liabilities classified as held-for-sale in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and June 30, 2022.

There were no cash flows from discontinued operations for the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 2021.2022.
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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

ScanSource is a leading hybrid distributor connecting devices to the cloud and accelerating growth for partners across hardware, SaaS, connectivity and cloud. We provide technology solutions and services from more than 500 leading suppliers of mobility and barcode, POS and payments, physical security and networking, communications and collaboration, connectivity and cloud services to our approximately 30,000 sales partners located in the United States, Canada, Brazil, the UK and Europe.

We operate our business under a management structure that enhances our technology focus and hybrid distribution growth strategy. Our segments operate in the United States, Canada, Brazil and the UK and consist of the following:

Specialty Technology Solutions
Modern Communications & Cloud

We sell hardware, SaaS, connectivity and cloud solutions and services through channel partners to end-customers. We operate distribution facilities that support our United States and Canada business in Mississippi, California and Kentucky. Brazil distribution facilities are located in the Brazilian states of Paraná, Espirito Santo and Santa Catarina. We provide some of our digital products, which include SaaS and subscriptions, through our digital tools and platforms.

Our key suppliers include 8x8, AT&T, Aruba/HPE, Avaya, Axis, Cisco, Comcast Business, Datalogic, Dell, Elo, Epson, Equinix, Extreme, F5, Five9, Fortinet, Genesys, Granite, GTT, Hanwha, Honeywell, Ingenico, Jabra, Lumen, Microsoft, MetTel, Mitel, NCR, NICE CXone, Poly, RingCentral, Spectrum, Toshiba Global Commerce Solutions, Trend Micro, Ubiquiti, Verifone, Verizon, VMWare, Windstream, Zebra Technologies and Zoom.

Recent Developments

Impact of the Macroeconomic Environment, Including Inflation and Supply Chain Constraints

The macroeconomic environment, including the economic impacts of supply chain constraints, rising interest rates and inflation continues to create significant uncertainty and may adversely affect our consolidated results of operations. We are actively monitoring changes to the global macroeconomic environment and assessing the potential impacts these challenges may have on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. We are also mindful of the potential impact these conditions could have on our customers and suppliers.

In spite of these challenges and uncertainties, we believe we have managed the supply chain requirements of our customers and suppliers effectively to date. While we are unable to predict the ultimate impact these factors will have on our business, certain technologies have benefited from the widespread adoption to a work-from-anywhere business model, as well as the accelerated shift to digitize and automate processes.

Our Strategy

Our strategy is to drive sustainable, profitable growth by orchestrating hybrid technology solutions through a growing ecosystem of partners by leveraging our people, processes and tools. Our goal is to provide exceptional experiences for our partners, suppliers and employees through operational excellence. Our hybrid distribution strategy relies on a channel sales model to offer hardware, SaaS, connectivity and cloud services from leading technology suppliers to sales partners that solve end-customers’ challenges. ScanSource enables sales partners to deliver solutions for their customers to address changing end-customer buying and consumption patterns. Our solutions may include a combination of offerings from multiple suppliers or give our sales partners access to additional services. As a trusted adviser to our sales partners, we provide customized solutions through our strong understanding of end-customer needs.
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Results of Operations



Net Sales

We have two reportable segments, which are based on technology.technology type. The following tables summarize our net sales results by business segment and by geographic location for the quarters and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 2021:2022:
Quarter ended December 31,
% Change, Constant Currency, Excluding Divestitures and Acquisitions (a)
Quarter ended March 31,
% Change, Constant Currency, Excluding Divestitures and Acquisitions (a)
Net Sales by Segment:Net Sales by Segment:20222021$ Change% ChangeNet Sales by Segment:20232022$ Change% Change
(in thousands)  (in thousands) 
Specialty Technology SolutionsSpecialty Technology Solutions$627,548 $496,920 $130,628 26.3 %26.1 %Specialty Technology Solutions$565,652 $503,072 $62,580 12.4 %12.5 %
Modern Communications & CloudModern Communications & Cloud383,693 367,159 16,534 4.5 %3.3 %Modern Communications & Cloud319,867 342,918 (23,051)(6.7)%(6.6)%
Total net salesTotal net sales$1,011,241 $864,079 $147,162 17.0 %16.4 %Total net sales$885,519 $845,990 $39,529 4.7 %4.7 %
Six months ended December 31,
% Change, Constant Currency, Excluding Planned Divestitures and Acquisitions (a)
Nine months ended March 31,
% Change, Constant Currency, Excluding Planned Divestitures and Acquisitions (a)
20222021$ Change% Change20232022$ Change% Change
(in thousands)  (in thousands) 
Specialty Technology SolutionsSpecialty Technology Solutions$1,203,878 $998,630 $205,248 20.6 %20.4 %Specialty Technology Solutions$1,769,530 $1,501,702 $267,828 17.8 %17.8 %
Modern Communications & CloudModern Communications & Cloud751,176 723,032 28,144 3.9 %3.4 %Modern Communications & Cloud1,071,043 1,065,950 5,093 0.5 %0.1 %
Total net salesTotal net sales$1,955,054 $1,721,662 $233,392 13.6 %13.3 %Total net sales$2,840,573 $2,567,652 $272,921 10.6 %10.4 %
(a) A reconciliation of non-GAAP net sales in constant currency is presented at the end of Results of Operations, under Non-GAAP Financial Information.

Specialty Technology Solutions

The Specialty Technology Solutions segment consists of sales to customers in North America and Brazil. For the quarter and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, net sales for the Specialty Technology Solutions segment increased $130.6$62.6 million, or 26.3%12.4%, and $205.2$267.8 million, or 20.6%17.8%, respectively, compared to the prior-year periods. Excluding the foreign exchange positive impact, adjusted net sales increased $129.5$62.6 million, or 26.1%12.5% for the quarter ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and $204.2$266.8 million, or 20.4%17.8%, for the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, compared to the prior-year periods. The increase in net sales and adjusted net sales for the quarter and sixnine month periods is primarily due to strong growth acrossin key technologies in North America.

Modern Communications & Cloud

The Modern Communications & Cloud segment consists of sales to customers in North America, Brazil and the UK. For the quarter ended March 31, 2023, net sales for the Modern Communications & Cloud segment decreased $23.1 million, or 6.7%, compared to the prior-year period. Excluding the foreign exchange negative impact, adjusted net sales decreased $22.7 million, or 6.6%, for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, compared to the prior-year period. The decrease in net sales and sixadjusted net sales for the quarter is primarily due to lower sales volumes in our communications hardware, partially offset by increased networking sales.

For the nine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, net sales for the Modern Communications & Cloud segment increased $16.5$5.1 million, or 4.5%0.5%, and $28.1 million, or 3.9%, respectively, compared to the prior-year periods.period. Excluding the foreign exchange positive impact, adjusted net sales increased $12.0$1.5 million, or 3.3%0.1%, for the quarter ended December 31, 2022 and $24.3 million, or 3.4%, for the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, compared to the prior-year periods. The increase in net sales and adjusted net sales for the quarter and six month periods is primarily due to increased demand for our Cisco products and growth in Brazil.period. For our Intelisys business, net sales for the secondthird quarter and sixnine month period of fiscal year 2023 increased 9.2%4.3% and 8.1%6.8%, respectively, year-over-year.

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Quarter ended December 31,
% Change, Constant Currency, Excluding Divestitures and Acquisitions (a)
Quarter ended March 31,
% Change, Constant Currency, Excluding Divestitures and Acquisitions (a)
Net Sales by Geography:Net Sales by Geography:20222021$ Change% ChangeNet Sales by Geography:20232022$ Change% Change
(in thousands)  (in thousands) 
United States and CanadaUnited States and Canada$909,221 $773,660 $135,561 17.5 %17.5 %United States and Canada$808,797 $764,529 $44,268 5.8 %5.8 %
InternationalInternational102,020 90,419 11,601 12.8 %6.6 %International76,722 81,461 (4,739)(5.8)%(5.3)%
Total net salesTotal net sales$1,011,241 $864,079 $147,162 17.0 %16.4 %Total net sales$885,519 $845,990 $39,529 4.7 %4.7 %
Six months ended December 31,
% Change, Constant Currency, Excluding Planned Divestitures and Acquisitions (a)
Nine months ended March 31,
% Change, Constant Currency, Excluding Planned Divestitures and Acquisitions (a)
20222021$ Change% Change20232022$ Change% Change
(in thousands)  (in thousands) 
United States and CanadaUnited States and Canada$1,768,760 $1,543,431 $225,329 14.6 %14.6 %United States and Canada$2,577,556 $2,307,959 $269,597 11.7 %11.7 %
InternationalInternational186,294 178,231 8,063 4.5 %1.7 %International263,017 259,693 3,324 1.3 %(0.5)%
Total net salesTotal net sales$1,955,054 $1,721,662 $233,392 13.6 %13.3 %Total net sales$2,840,573 $2,567,652 $272,921 10.6 %10.4 %
(a) A reconciliation of non-GAAP net sales in constant currency is presented at the end of Results of Operations in the non-GAAP section.

Gross Profit

The following table summarizes our gross profit for the quarters and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 2021:2022:

Quarter ended December 31,% of Net Sales December 31, Quarter ended March 31,% of Net Sales March 31,
20222021$ Change% Change20222021 20232022$ Change% Change20232022
(in thousands)    (in thousands)   
Specialty Technology SolutionsSpecialty Technology Solutions$56,732 $52,048 $4,684 9.0 %9.0 %10.5 %Specialty Technology Solutions$57,664 $54,021 $3,643 6.7 %10.2 %10.7 %
Modern Communications & CloudModern Communications & Cloud58,602 55,605 2,997 5.4 %15.3 %15.1 %Modern Communications & Cloud54,098 52,487 1,611 3.1 %16.9 %15.3 %
Gross profitGross profit$115,334 $107,653 $7,681 7.1 %11.4 %12.5 %Gross profit$111,762 $106,508 $5,254 4.9 %12.6 %12.6 %
Six months ended December 31,% of Net Sales December 31, Nine months ended March 31,% of Net Sales March 31,
20222021$ Change% Change20222021 20232022$ Change% Change20232022
(in thousands)    (in thousands)   
Specialty Technology SolutionsSpecialty Technology Solutions$115,135 $97,742 $17,393 17.8 %9.6 %9.8 %Specialty Technology Solutions$172,800 $151,763 $21,037 13.9 %9.8 %10.1 %
Modern Communications & CloudModern Communications & Cloud113,683 111,483 2,200 2.0 %15.1 %15.4 %Modern Communications & Cloud167,781 163,969 3,812 2.3 %15.7 %15.4 %
Gross profitGross profit$228,818 $209,225 $19,593 9.4 %11.7 %12.2 %Gross profit$340,581 $315,732 $24,849 7.9 %12.0 %12.3 %
Our gross profit is primarily affected by sales volume and gross margin mix. Gross margin mix is impacted by multiple factors, which include sales mix (proportion of sales of higher margin products or services relative to total sales), vendor program recognition (consisting of volume rebates, inventory price changes and purchase discounts) and freight costs. Increases in vendor program recognition decrease cost of goods sold, thereby increasing gross profit. Net sales derived from our Intelisys business contribute 100% to our gross profit dollars and margin as they have no associated cost of goods sold.

Specialty Technology Solutions

For the quarter ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, gross profit dollars for the Specialty Technology Solutions segment increased $4.7$3.6 million, or 9.0%6.7%. Gross profit margin decreased 54 basis points over the prior-year to 10.2%. Higher sales volume, after considering the associated cost of goods sold, contributed $13.7$6.7 million to the growth of gross profit dollars. Gross margin mix negatively impactedreduced gross profit by $9.0$3.1 million, largely from a less favorable sales mix and decreased vendor program recognition. For the quarter ended December 31, 2022, the gross profit margin decreased 143 basis points over the prior-year to 9.0%.

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For the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, the Specialty Technology Solutions segment achieved gross profit growth of $17.4$21.0 million, or 17.8%13.9%. Gross profit margin decreased 34 basis points over the prior-year to 9.8%. Increases in sales volume, after considering the associated cost of goods sold, contributed $20.1$27.1 million to the growth of gross profit dollars. Gross margin mix negatively impactedreduced gross profit by $2.7$6.0 million, primarily from increased freight costs. For the six months ended December 31, 2022, the gross profit margin decreased 22 basis points over the prior year to 9.6%.costs and lower vendor program recognition.

Modern Communications & Cloud

For the quarter ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, gross profit dollars for the Modern Communications & Cloud segment gross profit increased by $3.0$1.6 million, or 5.4%3.1%. HigherGross profit margin increased 161 basis points over the prior-year to 16.9%. Lower sales volume, after considering the associated cost of goods sold, positively contributed $2.5 million toreduced gross profit dollars.dollars by $3.6 million. Gross margin mix positively impactedincreased gross profit by $0.5$5.1 million, largely driven by a more favorable sales mix. For the quarter ended December 31, 2022, the gross profit margin increased 13 basis points over the prior year to 15.3%.

For the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, the Modern Communications & Cloud segment achieved gross profit growth of $2.2$3.8 million, or 2.0%2.3%. Gross profit margin increased 28 basis points over the prior-year to 15.7%. Increases in sales volume, after considering the associated cost of goods sold, contributed $4.3$0.7 million to the growth of gross profit dollars. Gross margin mix negatively impactedincreased gross profit by $2.1$3.1 million, primarily from increased freight costs. For the six months ended December 31, 2022, the gross profit margin decreased 28 basis points over the prior year to 15.1%.a more favorable sales mix.

Operating Expenses

The following table summarizes our operating expenses for the quarters and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 2021:2022:
Quarter ended December 31,% of Net Sales December 31, Quarter ended March 31,% of Net Sales March 31,
20222021$ Change% Change20222021 20232022$ Change% Change20232022
(in thousands)    (in thousands)   
Selling, general and administrative expensesSelling, general and administrative expenses$69,074 $69,161 $(87)(0.1)%6.8 %8.0 %Selling, general and administrative expenses$70,669 $66,522 $4,147 6.2 %8.0 %7.9 %
Depreciation expenseDepreciation expense2,678 2,547 131 5.1 %0.3 %0.3 %Depreciation expense2,644 2,612 32 1.2 %0.3 %0.3 %
Intangible amortization expenseIntangible amortization expense4,150 4,447 (297)(6.7)%0.4 %0.5 %Intangible amortization expense4,170 4,457 (287)(6.4)%0.5 %0.5 %
Operating expensesOperating expenses$75,902 $76,155 $(253)(0.3)%7.5 %8.8 %Operating expenses$77,483 $73,591 $3,892 5.3 %8.8 %8.7 %
Six months ended December 31,% of Net Sales December 31, Nine months ended March 31,% of Net Sales March 31,
20222021$ Change% Change20222021 20232022$ Change% Change20232022
(in thousands)    (in thousands)   
Selling, general and administrative expensesSelling, general and administrative expenses$140,667 $133,016 $7,651 5.8 %7.2 %7.7 %Selling, general and administrative expenses$211,337 $199,538 $11,799 5.9 %7.4 %7.8 %
Depreciation expenseDepreciation expense5,441 5,427 14 0.3 %0.3 %0.3 %Depreciation expense8,085 8,039 46 0.6 %0.3 %0.3 %
Intangible amortization expenseIntangible amortization expense8,391 8,956 (565)(6.3)%0.4 %0.5 %Intangible amortization expense12,561 13,413 (852)(6.4)%0.4 %0.5 %
Operating expensesOperating expenses$154,499 $147,399 $7,100 4.8 %7.9 %8.6 %Operating expenses$231,983 $220,990 $10,993 5.0 %8.2 %8.6 %

Selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A") decreasedincreased by less than $0.1$4.1 million, or 6.2%, for the quarter ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, compared to the prior-year period. The decreaseincrease for the quarter ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 is primarily attributable to higher bad debt expense, which increased year-over-year primarily due to a large bad debt recovery of prior period withholding taxes in Brazil, which reduced SG&A by $2.9 million, partially offset bythe prior-year quarter, and higher employee costs.

For the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, SG&A expenses increased by $7.7$11.8 million, or 5.8%5.9%, compared to the prior-year period. The increase for the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 is primarily attributable to higher employee costs, partially offset by a $2.9 million recovery of prior period withholding taxes in Brazil.

Operating Income

The following table summarizes our operating income for the quarters and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 2021:2022:

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Quarter ended December 31,% of Net Sales December 31, Quarter ended March 31,% of Net Sales March 31,
20222021$ Change% Change20222021 20232022$ Change% Change20232022
(in thousands)    (in thousands)   
Specialty Technology SolutionsSpecialty Technology Solutions$19,682 $16,551 $3,131 18.9 %3.1 %3.3 %Specialty Technology Solutions$19,811 $20,623 $(812)(3.9)%3.5 %4.1 %
Modern Communications & CloudModern Communications & Cloud19,750 14,894 4,856 32.6 %5.1 %4.1 %Modern Communications & Cloud14,468 12,294 2,174 17.7 %4.5 %3.6 %
CorporateCorporate 53 (53)nm*nm*nm*Corporate — — nm*nm*nm*
Operating incomeOperating income$39,432 $31,498 $7,934 25.2 %3.9 %3.6 %Operating income$34,279 $32,917 $1,362 4.1 %3.9 %3.9 %
Six months ended December 31,% of Net Sales December 31, Nine months ended March 31,% of Net Sales March 31,
20222021$ Change% Change20222021 20232022$ Change% Change20232022
(in thousands)    (in thousands)   
Specialty Technology SolutionsSpecialty Technology Solutions$41,534 $30,655 $10,879 35.5 %3.5 %3.1 %Specialty Technology Solutions$61,345 $51,278 $10,067 19.6 %3.5 %3.4 %
Modern Communications & CloudModern Communications & Cloud32,785 31,201 1,584 5.1 %4.4 %4.3 %Modern Communications & Cloud47,253 43,494 3,759 8.6 %4.4 %4.1 %
CorporateCorporate (30)30 nm*nm*nm*Corporate (30)30 nm*nm*nm*
Operating incomeOperating income$74,319 $61,826 $12,493 20.2 %3.8 %3.6 %Operating income$108,598 $94,742 $13,856 14.6 %3.8 %3.7 %
*nm - percentages are not meaningful

Specialty Technology Solutions

For the Specialty Technology Solutions segment, operating income increased $3.1decreased $0.8 million, and $10.9 millionor 3.9% for the quarter and six months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022, respectively,2023 compared to the prior-year period. Operating margin decreased to 3.1%3.5% for the quarter ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022. 2023. The decrease in operating income and margin for the quarter is primarily due to higher bad debt expense, which increased year-over-year primarily due to a large bad debt recovery in the prior-year quarter.

For the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, operating income increased $10.1 million, or 19.6%, compared to the prior-year period. Operating margin increased to 3.5%. for the nine months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in operating income and margin for the quarter and sixnine month period is primarily due to higher gross profits.

Modern Communications & Cloud

For the Modern Communications & Cloud segment, operating income increased $4.9$2.2 million and $1.6$3.8 million for the quarter and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, respectively, compared to the prior-year period. Operating margin increased to 5.1%4.5% and 4.4% for the quarter and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, respectively. The increase in operating income and margin for the quarter and sixnine month period is primarily due to higher gross profits and a $2.9 million recovery of prior period withholding taxes in Brazil.profits.

Corporate

Corporate recognized no restructuring or divestiture expenses for the quarter and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2023 or the quarter ended March 31, 2022. During the nine months ended March 31, 2022, compared toCorporate incurred less than $0.1 million in the prior-year quarterof restructuring and six month period.divestiture expenses.

Total Other (Income) Expense

The following table summarizes our total other (income) expense for the quarters and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 2021:2022:

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Quarter ended December 31,% of Net Sales December 31, Quarter ended March 31,% of Net Sales March 31,
20222021$ Change% Change20222021 20232022$ Change% Change20232022
(in thousands)    (in thousands)   
Interest expenseInterest expense$5,060 $1,493 $3,567 238.9 %0.5 %0.2 %Interest expense$5,715 $1,483 $4,232 285.4 %0.6 %0.2 %
Interest incomeInterest income(2,027)(947)(1,080)114.0 %(0.2)%(0.1)%Interest income(1,710)(1,000)(710)71.0 %(0.2)%(0.1)%
Net foreign exchange lossesNet foreign exchange losses347 480 (133)(27.7)%0.0 %0.1 %Net foreign exchange losses505 258 247 95.7 %0.1 %0.0 %
Other, netOther, net(140)63 (203)(322.2)%(0.0)%0.0 %Other, net(144)(394)250 (63.5)%(0.0)%(0.0)%
Total other expense, netTotal other expense, net$3,240 $1,089 $2,151 197.5 %0.3 %0.1 %Total other expense, net$4,366 $347 $4,019 1,158.2 %0.5 %0.0 %
Six months ended December 31,% of Net Sales December 31, Nine months ended March 31,% of Net Sales March 31,
20222021$ Change% Change20222021 20232022$ Change% Change20232022
(in thousands)    (in thousands)   
Interest expenseInterest expense$8,507 $3,153 $5,354 169.8 %0.4 %0.2 %Interest expense$14,223 $4,637 $9,586 206.7 %0.5 %0.2 %
Interest incomeInterest income(3,618)(1,973)(1,645)83.4 %(0.2)%(0.1)%Interest income(5,327)(2,973)(2,354)79.2 %(0.2)%(0.1)%
Net foreign exchange lossesNet foreign exchange losses1,270 966 304 31.5 %0.1 %0.1 %Net foreign exchange losses1,775 1,223 552 45.1 %0.1 %0.0 %
Other, netOther, net(315)(159)(156)98.1 %(0.0)%(0.0)%Other, net(461)(555)94 (16.9)%(0.0)%(0.0)%
Total other expense, netTotal other expense, net$5,844 $1,987 $3,857 194.1 %0.3 %0.1 %Total other expense, net$10,210 $2,332 $7,878 337.8 %0.4 %0.1 %

Interest expense consists primarily of interest incurred on borrowings, non-utilization fees charged on the revolving credit facility and amortization of debt issuance costs. Interest expense increased for the quarter and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 compared to the prior-year periods, primarily from higher borrowingsinterest rates and increases in interest rateshigher average borrowings on our multi-currency revolving credit facility.

Interest income for the quarter and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 was generated on interest-bearing investments in Brazil and customer receivables.

Net foreign exchange gains and losses consist of foreign currency transactional and functional currency re-measurements, offset by net foreign currency exchange contractforward contracts gains and losses. Foreign exchange gains and losses are generated as the result of fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar versus the Brazilian real, the U.S.Canadian dollar versus the U.S. dollar, the euro versus the U.S. dollar, and the British pound versus the euro, and the Canadian dollar versus the U.S. dollar. We partially offset foreign currency exposure with the use of foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge against these exposures. The costs associated with foreign exchange forward contracts are included in the net foreign exchange losses.

Provision for Income Taxes

For the quarter and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, income tax expense was $10.5$8.7 million and $18.7$27.4 million reflecting an effective tax rate of 28.9%29.1% and 27.3%27.8%, respectively. In comparison, for the quarter and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2021,2022, income tax expense was $7.3$9.0 million and $14.6$23.7 million, reflecting an effective tax rate of 23.9%27.8% and 24.4%25.6%, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate for the quarter and sixnine months is primarily due to a decrease in forecasted tax exempt income and a decrease in creditable foreign taxes compared to the prior-year quarter. We expect the effective tax rate for fiscal year 2023 to be approximately 27.0%27.4% to 28.0%28.4%. See Note 13 - Income Taxes to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

Non-GAAP Financial Information

Evaluating Financial Condition and Operating Performance

In addition to disclosing results that are determined in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles ("US GAAP" or "GAAP"), we also disclose certain non-GAAP financial measures. These measures include non-GAAP operating income; non-GAAP pre-tax income; non-GAAP net income; non-GAAP EPS; adjusted earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation, and amortization ("adjusted EBITDA"); adjusted return on invested capital ("adjusted ROIC"); and constant currency. Constant currency is a measure that excludes the translation exchange impact from changes in
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foreign currency exchange rates between reporting periods. We use non-GAAP financial measures to better understand and evaluate performance, including comparisons from period to period.

These non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools, and the non-GAAP financial measures that we report may not be comparable to similarly titled amounts reported by other companies. Analysis of results and outlook on a non-GAAP basis should be considered in addition to, and not in substitution for or as superior to, measurements of financial performance prepared in accordance with US GAAP.

Adjusted Return on Invested Capital

Adjusted ROIC assists us in comparing our performance over various reporting periods on a consistent basis because it removes from our operating results the impact of items that do not reflect our core operating performance. We believe the calculation of adjusted ROIC provides useful information to investors and is an additional relevant comparison of our performance during the year.

Adjusted EBITDA starts with net income and adds back interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation expense, amortization of intangible assets, share-based compensation expense, changes in fair value of contingent consideration, and other non-GAAP adjustments. Since adjusted EBITDA excludes some non-cash costs of investing in our business and people, we believe that adjusted EBITDA shows the profitability from our business operations more clearly.
We calculate adjusted ROIC as adjusted EBITDA, divided by invested capital. Invested capital is defined as average equity plus average daily funded interest-bearing debt for the period. The following table summarizes annualized adjusted ROIC for the quarters ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 2021,2022, respectively:
  
Quarter ended December 31,
 20222021
Adjusted return on invested capital ratio, annualized (a)
15.6 %17.6 %
  
Quarter ended March 31,
 20232022
Adjusted return on invested capital ratio, annualized (a)
14.6 %18.0 %
(a)The annualized EBITDA amount is divided by days in the quarter times 365 days per year, or 366 days for leap year. There were 9290 days in the current and prior-year quarter.

The components of this calculation and reconciliation to our financial statements are shown on the following schedule:
Quarter ended December 31, Quarter ended March 31,
20222021 20232022
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Reconciliation of net income to adjusted EBITDA:Reconciliation of net income to adjusted EBITDA:Reconciliation of net income to adjusted EBITDA:
Net income (GAAP)Net income (GAAP)$25,734 $23,152 Net income (GAAP)$21,221 $23,526 
Plus: Interest expensePlus: Interest expense5,060 1,493 Plus: Interest expense5,715 1,483 
Plus: Income taxesPlus: Income taxes10,458 7,257 Plus: Income taxes8,692 9,044 
Plus: Depreciation and amortizationPlus: Depreciation and amortization7,057 7,229 Plus: Depreciation and amortization7,074 7,305 
EBITDA (non-GAAP)EBITDA (non-GAAP)48,309 39,131 EBITDA (non-GAAP)42,702 41,358 
Plus: Tax recovery (a)
(2,858)— 
Plus: Share-based compensationPlus: Share-based compensation3,364 3,464 Plus: Share-based compensation2,954 2,757 
Plus: Acquisition and divestiture costs (b)
 (53)
Adjusted EBITDA (numerator for adjusted ROIC) (non-GAAP)Adjusted EBITDA (numerator for adjusted ROIC) (non-GAAP)$48,815 $42,542 Adjusted EBITDA (numerator for adjusted ROIC) (non-GAAP)$45,656 $44,115 

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Quarter ended December 31,Quarter ended March 31,
20222021 20232022
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Invested capital calculations:Invested capital calculations:Invested capital calculations:
Equity – beginning of the quarterEquity – beginning of the quarter$827,004 $746,094 Equity – beginning of the quarter$862,386 $768,525 
Equity – end of the quarterEquity – end of the quarter862,386 768,525 Equity – end of the quarter878,895 806,654 
Plus: Share-based compensation, netPlus: Share-based compensation, net2,496 2,590 Plus: Share-based compensation, net2,191 2,063 
Plus: Acquisition and divestiture costs (b)
 (53)
Plus: Tax recovery, net(1,886)— 
Plus: Discontinued operations net loss (100)
Average equityAverage equity845,000 758,528 Average equity871,736 788,621 
Average funded debt (c)(a)
Average funded debt (c)(a)
392,853 200,708 
Average funded debt (c)(a)
398,318 205,073 
Invested capital (denominator for adjusted ROIC) (non-GAAP)Invested capital (denominator for adjusted ROIC) (non-GAAP)$1,237,853 $959,236 Invested capital (denominator for adjusted ROIC) (non-GAAP)$1,270,054 $993,694 
(a)Recovery of prior period withholding taxes in Brazil.
(b)Acquisition and divestiture costs are generally nondeductible for tax purposes.
(c)Average funded debt is calculated as the daily average amounts outstanding on our short-term and long-term interest-bearing debt.

Net Sales in Constant Currency, Excluding Acquisitions and Divestitures

We make references to "constant currency," a non-GAAP performance measure that excludes the foreign exchange rate impact from fluctuations in the average foreign exchange rates between reporting periods. Constant currency is calculated by translating current period results from currencies other than the U.S. dollar into U.S. dollars using the comparable average foreign exchange rates from the prior year period. We also exclude the impact of acquisitions prior to the first full year of operations from the acquisition date in order to show net sales results on an organic basis. This information is provided to analyze underlying trends without the translation impact of fluctuations in foreign currency rates and the impact of acquisitions. Below we show organic growth by providing a non-GAAP reconciliation of net sales in constant currency, excluding acquisitions:

Net Sales by Segment:Net Sales by Segment:Net Sales by Segment:
Quarter ended December 31,Quarter ended March 31,
20222021$ Change% Change20232022$ Change% Change
Specialty Technology Solutions:Specialty Technology Solutions:(in thousands)Specialty Technology Solutions:(in thousands)
Net sales, reportedNet sales, reported$627,548 $496,920 $130,628 26.3 %Net sales, reported$565,652 $503,072 $62,580 12.4 %
Foreign exchange impact (a)
Foreign exchange impact (a)
(1,120)— 
Foreign exchange impact (a)
61 — 
Non-GAAP net sales, constant currencyNon-GAAP net sales, constant currency$626,428 $496,920 $129,508 26.1 %Non-GAAP net sales, constant currency$565,713 $503,072 $62,641 12.5 %
Modern Communications & Cloud:Modern Communications & Cloud:Modern Communications & Cloud:
Net sales, reportedNet sales, reported$383,693 $367,159 $16,534 4.5 %Net sales, reported$319,867 $342,918 $(23,051)(6.7)%
Foreign exchange impact (a)
Foreign exchange impact (a)
(4,497)— 
Foreign exchange impact (a)
363 — 
Non-GAAP net sales, constant currencyNon-GAAP net sales, constant currency$379,196 $367,159 $12,037 3.3 %Non-GAAP net sales, constant currency$320,230 $342,918 $(22,688)(6.6)%
Consolidated:Consolidated:Consolidated:
Net sales, reportedNet sales, reported$1,011,241 $864,079 $147,162 17.0 %Net sales, reported$885,519 $845,990 $39,529 4.7 %
Foreign exchange impact (a)
Foreign exchange impact (a)
(5,617)— 
Foreign exchange impact (a)
424 — 
Non-GAAP net sales, constant currencyNon-GAAP net sales, constant currency$1,005,624 $864,079 $141,545 16.4 %Non-GAAP net sales, constant currency$885,943 $845,990 $39,953 4.7 %
(a) Year-over-year net sales growth rate excluding the translation impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Calculated by translating the net sales for the quarter ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 into U.S. dollars using the average foreign exchange rates for the quarter ended DecemberMarch 31, 2021.2022.
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Net Sales by Segment:Net Sales by Segment:Net Sales by Segment:
Six months ended December 31,Nine months ended March 31,
20222021$ Change% Change20232022$ Change% Change
Specialty Technology SolutionsSpecialty Technology Solutions(in thousands)Specialty Technology Solutions(in thousands)
Net sales, reportedNet sales, reported$1,203,878 $998,630 $205,248 20.6 %Net sales, reported$1,769,530 $1,501,702 $267,828 17.8 %
Foreign exchange impact (a)
Foreign exchange impact (a)
(1,060)— 
Foreign exchange impact (a)
(999)— 
Non-GAAP net sales, constant currencyNon-GAAP net sales, constant currency$1,202,818 $998,630 $204,188 20.4 %Non-GAAP net sales, constant currency$1,768,531 $1,501,702 $266,829 17.8 %
Modern Communications & CloudModern Communications & CloudModern Communications & Cloud
Net sales, reportedNet sales, reported$751,176 $723,032 $28,144 3.9 %Net sales, reported$1,071,043 $1,065,950 $5,093 0.5 %
Foreign exchange impact (a)
Foreign exchange impact (a)
(3,884)— 
Foreign exchange impact (a)
(3,631)— 
Non-GAAP net sales, constant currencyNon-GAAP net sales, constant currency$747,292 $723,032 $24,260 3.4 %Non-GAAP net sales, constant currency$1,067,412 $1,065,950 $1,462 0.1 %
Consolidated:Consolidated:Consolidated:
Net sales, reportedNet sales, reported$1,955,054 $1,721,662 $233,392 13.6 %Net sales, reported$2,840,573 $2,567,652 $272,921 10.6 %
Foreign exchange impact (a)
Foreign exchange impact (a)
(4,944)— 
Foreign exchange impact (a)
(4,630)— 
Non-GAAP net sales, constant currencyNon-GAAP net sales, constant currency$1,950,110 $1,721,662 $228,448 13.3 %Non-GAAP net sales, constant currency$2,835,943 $2,567,652 $268,291 10.4 %
(a) Year-over-year net sales growth rate excluding the translation impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Calculated by translating the net sales for the six months ended December 31, 2022 into U.S. dollars using the average foreign exchange rates for the six months ended December 31, 2021.
(a) Year-over-year net sales growth rate excluding the translation impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Calculated by translating the net sales for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 into U.S. dollars using the average foreign exchange rates for the nine months ended March 31, 2022.
(a) Year-over-year net sales growth rate excluding the translation impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Calculated by translating the net sales for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 into U.S. dollars using the average foreign exchange rates for the nine months ended March 31, 2022.


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Net Sales by Geography:Net Sales by Geography:Net Sales by Geography:
Quarter ended December 31,Quarter ended March 31,
20222021$ Change% Change20232022$ Change% Change
United States and Canada:United States and Canada:(in thousands)United States and Canada:(in thousands)
Net sales, as reportedNet sales, as reported$909,221 $773,660 $135,561 17.5 %Net sales, as reported$808,797 $764,529 $44,268 5.8 %
International:International:International:
Net sales, reportedNet sales, reported$102,020 $90,419 $11,601 12.8 %Net sales, reported$76,722 $81,461 $(4,739)(5.8)%
Foreign exchange impact (a)
Foreign exchange impact (a)
(5,617)— 
Foreign exchange impact (a)
424 — 
Non-GAAP net sales, constant currencyNon-GAAP net sales, constant currency$96,403 $90,419 $5,984 6.6 %Non-GAAP net sales, constant currency$77,146 $81,461 $(4,315)(5.3)%
Consolidated:Consolidated:Consolidated:
Net sales, reportedNet sales, reported$1,011,241 $864,079 $147,162 17.0 %Net sales, reported$885,519 $845,990 $39,529 4.7 %
Foreign exchange impact (a)
Foreign exchange impact (a)
(5,617)— 
Foreign exchange impact (a)
424 — 
Non-GAAP net sales, constant currencyNon-GAAP net sales, constant currency$1,005,624 $864,079 $141,545 16.4 %Non-GAAP net sales, constant currency$885,943 $845,990 $39,953 4.7 %
(a) Year-over-year net sales growth rate excluding the translation impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Calculated by translating the net sales for the quarter ended December 31, 2022 into U.S. dollars using the average foreign exchange rates for the quarter ended December 31, 2021.
(a) Year-over-year net sales growth rate excluding the translation impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Calculated by translating the net sales for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 into U.S. dollars using the average foreign exchange rates for the quarter ended March 31, 2022.
(a) Year-over-year net sales growth rate excluding the translation impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Calculated by translating the net sales for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 into U.S. dollars using the average foreign exchange rates for the quarter ended March 31, 2022.
Six months ended December 31,Nine months ended March 31,
20222021$ Change% Change20232022$ Change% Change
United States and Canada:United States and Canada:(in thousands)United States and Canada:(in thousands)
Net sales, as reportedNet sales, as reported$1,768,760 $1,543,431 $225,329 14.6 %Net sales, as reported$2,577,556 $2,307,959 $269,597 11.7 %
International:International:International:
Net sales, reportedNet sales, reported$186,294 $178,231 $8,063 4.5 %Net sales, reported$263,017 $259,693 $3,324 1.3 %
Foreign exchange impact (a)
Foreign exchange impact (a)
(4,944)— 
Foreign exchange impact (a)
(4,630)— 
Non-GAAP net sales, constant currencyNon-GAAP net sales, constant currency$181,350 $178,231 $3,119 1.7 %Non-GAAP net sales, constant currency$258,387 $259,693 $(1,306)(0.5)%
Consolidated:Consolidated:Consolidated:
Net sales, reportedNet sales, reported$1,955,054 $1,721,662 $233,392 13.6 %Net sales, reported$2,840,573 $2,567,652 $272,921 10.6 %
Foreign exchange impact (a)
Foreign exchange impact (a)
(4,944)— 
Foreign exchange impact (a)
(4,630)— 
Non-GAAP net sales, constant currencyNon-GAAP net sales, constant currency$1,950,110 $1,721,662 $228,448 13.3 %Non-GAAP net sales, constant currency$2,835,943 $2,567,652 $268,291 10.4 %
(a) Year-over-year net sales growth rate excluding the translation impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Calculated by translating the net sales for the six months ended December 31, 2022 into U.S. dollars using the average foreign exchange rates for the six months ended December 31, 2021.
(a) Year-over-year net sales growth rate excluding the translation impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Calculated by translating the net sales for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 into U.S. dollars using the average foreign exchange rates for the nine months ended March 31, 2022.
(a) Year-over-year net sales growth rate excluding the translation impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Calculated by translating the net sales for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 into U.S. dollars using the average foreign exchange rates for the nine months ended March 31, 2022.



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Operating Income by Segment:Operating Income by Segment:Operating Income by Segment:
Quarter ended December 31,% of Net Sales December 31,Quarter ended March 31,% of Net Sales March 31,
20222021$ Change% Change2022202120232022$ Change% Change20232022
Specialty Technology Solutions:Specialty Technology Solutions:(in thousands)Specialty Technology Solutions:(in thousands)
GAAP operating incomeGAAP operating income$19,682 $16,551 $3,131 18.9 %3.1 %3.3 %GAAP operating income$19,811 $20,623 $(812)(3.9)%3.5 %4.1 %
Adjustments:Adjustments:Adjustments:
Amortization of intangible assetsAmortization of intangible assets1,266 1,491 (225)Amortization of intangible assets1,266 1,491 (225)
Non-GAAP operating incomeNon-GAAP operating income$20,948 $18,042 $2,906 16.1 %3.3 %3.6 %Non-GAAP operating income$21,077 $22,114 $(1,037)(4.7)%3.7 %4.4 %
Modern Communications & Cloud:Modern Communications & Cloud:Modern Communications & Cloud:
GAAP operating incomeGAAP operating income$19,750 $14,894 $4,856 32.6 %5.1 %4.1 %GAAP operating income$14,468 $12,294 $2,174 17.7 %4.5 %3.6 %
Adjustments:Adjustments:Adjustments:
Amortization of intangible assetsAmortization of intangible assets2,884 2,956 (72)Amortization of intangible assets2,904 2,966 (62)
Tax recovery (a)
(2,858)— (2,858)
Non-GAAP operating incomeNon-GAAP operating income$19,776 $17,850 $1,926 10.8 %5.2 %4.9 %Non-GAAP operating income$17,372 $15,260 $2,112 13.8 %5.4 %4.5 %
Corporate:Corporate:Corporate:
GAAP operating lossGAAP operating loss$ $53 $(53)nm*nm*nm*GAAP operating loss$ $— $— nm*nm*nm*
Adjustments:Adjustments:Adjustments:
Acquisition and divestiture costsAcquisition and divestiture costs (53)53 Acquisition and divestiture costs — — 
Non-GAAP operating incomeNon-GAAP operating income$ $— $— nm*nm*nm*Non-GAAP operating income$ $— $— nm*nm*nm*
Consolidated:Consolidated:Consolidated:
GAAP operating incomeGAAP operating income$39,432 $31,498 $7,934 25.2 %3.9 %3.6 %GAAP operating income$34,279 $32,917 $1,362 4.1 %3.9 %3.9 %
Adjustments:Adjustments:Adjustments:
Amortization of intangible assetsAmortization of intangible assets4,150 4,447 (297)Amortization of intangible assets4,170 4,457 (287)
Tax recovery (a)
(2,858)— (2,858)
Acquisition and divestiture costs (53)53 
Non-GAAP operating incomeNon-GAAP operating income$40,724 $35,892 $4,832 13.5 %4.0 %4.2 %Non-GAAP operating income$38,449 $37,374 $1,075 2.9 %4.3 %4.4 %
(a) Recovery of prior period withholding taxes in Brazil
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Operating Income by Segment:Operating Income by Segment:Operating Income by Segment:
Six months ended December 31,% of Net Sales December 31,Nine months ended March 31,% of Net Sales March 31,
20222021$ Change% Change2022202120232022$ Change% Change20232022
Specialty Technology Solutions:Specialty Technology Solutions:(in thousands)Specialty Technology Solutions:(in thousands)
GAAP operating incomeGAAP operating income$41,534 $30,655 $10,879 35.5 %3.5 %3.1 %GAAP operating income$61,345 $51,278 $10,067 19.6 %3.5 %3.4 %
Adjustments:Adjustments:Adjustments:
Amortization of intangible assetsAmortization of intangible assets2,608 3,023 (415)Amortization of intangible assets3,874 4,514 (640)
Non-GAAP operating incomeNon-GAAP operating income$44,142 $33,678 $10,464 31.1 %3.7 %3.4 %Non-GAAP operating income$65,219 $55,792 $9,427 16.9 %3.7 %3.7 %
Modern Communications & Cloud:Modern Communications & Cloud:Modern Communications & Cloud:
GAAP operating incomeGAAP operating income$32,785 $31,201 $1,584 5.1 %4.4 %4.3 %GAAP operating income$47,253 $43,494 $3,759 8.6 %4.4 %4.1 %
Adjustments:Adjustments:Adjustments:
Amortization of intangible assetsAmortization of intangible assets5,783 5,933 (150)Amortization of intangible assets8,687 8,899 (212)
Tax recovery (a)
Tax recovery (a)
(2,858)— (2,858)
Tax recovery (a)
(2,858)— (2,858)
Non-GAAP operating incomeNon-GAAP operating income$35,710 $37,134 $(1,424)(3.8)%4.8 %5.1 %Non-GAAP operating income$53,082 $52,393 $689 1.3 %5.0 %4.9 %
Corporate:Corporate:Corporate:
GAAP operating lossGAAP operating loss$ $(30)$30 nm*nm*nm*GAAP operating loss$ $(30)$30 nm*nm*nm*
Adjustments:Adjustments:Adjustments:
Acquisition and divestiture costsAcquisition and divestiture costs 30 (30)Acquisition and divestiture costs 30 (30)
Non-GAAP operating incomeNon-GAAP operating income$ $ $— nm*nm*nm*Non-GAAP operating income$ $ $— nm*nm*nm*
Consolidated:Consolidated:Consolidated:
GAAP operating incomeGAAP operating income$74,319 $61,826 $12,493 20.2 %3.8 %3.6 %GAAP operating income$108,598 $94,742 $13,856 14.6 %3.8 %3.7 %
Adjustments:Adjustments:Adjustments:
Amortization of intangible assetsAmortization of intangible assets8,391 8,956 (565)Amortization of intangible assets12,561 13,413 (852)
Tax recovery (a)
Tax recovery (a)
(2,858)— (2,858)
Tax recovery (a)
(2,858)— (2,858)
Acquisition and divestiture costsAcquisition and divestiture costs 30 (30)Acquisition and divestiture costs 30 (30)
Non-GAAP operating incomeNon-GAAP operating income79,852 70,812 $9,040 12.8 %4.1 %4.1 %Non-GAAP operating income$118,301 $108,185 $10,116 9.4 %4.2 %4.2 %
(a) Recovery of prior period withholding taxes in Brazil
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Additional Non-GAAP Metrics

To evaluate current period performance on a more consistent basis with prior periods, we disclose non-GAAP SG&A expenses, non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP pre-tax income, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share. Non-GAAP results exclude amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions, changes in fair value of contingent consideration, acquisition and divestiture costs, restructuring costs, impact of Divestitures and other non-GAAP adjustments. These year-over-year metrics include the translation impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. These metrics are useful in assessing and understanding our operating performance, especially when comparing results with previous periods or forecasting performance for future periods. Below we provide a non-GAAP reconciliation of the aforementioned metrics adjusted for the costs and charges mentioned above:
Quarter ended December 31, 2022
GAAP MeasureIntangible amortization expenseAcquisition and divestiture costs
Tax recovery(a)
Non-GAAP measure
(in thousands, except per share data)
SG&A expenses$69,074 $ $ $2,858 $71,932 
Operating income39,432 4,150  (2,858)40,724 
Pre-tax income36,192 4,150  (2,858)37,484 
Net income25,734 3,093  (1,886)26,941 
Diluted EPS$1.01 $0.12 $ $(0.07)$1.06 
Quarter ended December 31, 2021
GAAP MeasureIntangible amortization expenseAcquisition and divestiture costsTax recoveryNon-GAAP measure
(in thousands, except per share data)
SG&A expenses$69,161 $— $53 $— $69,214 
Operating income31,498 4,447 (53)— 35,892 
Pre-tax income30,409 4,447 (53)— 34,803 
Net income23,152 3,347 (53)— 26,446 
Diluted EPS$0.89 $0.13 $— $— $1.02 
(a)Recovery of prior period withholding taxes in Brazil
Quarter ended March 31, 2023
GAAP MeasureIntangible amortization expenseAcquisition and divestiture costsTax recoveryNon-GAAP measure
(in thousands, except per share data)
SG&A expenses$70,669 $ $ $ $70,669 
Operating income34,279 4,170   38,449 
Pre-tax income29,913 4,170   34,083 
Net income21,221 3,109   24,330 
Diluted EPS$0.83 $0.12 $ $ $0.96 
Quarter ended March 31, 2022
GAAP MeasureIntangible amortization expenseAcquisition and divestiture costsTax recoveryNon-GAAP measure
(in thousands, except per share data)
SG&A expenses$66,522 $— $— $— $66,522 
Operating income32,917 4,457 — — 37,374 
Pre-tax income32,570 4,457 — — 37,027 
Net income23,526 3,353 — — 26,879 
Diluted EPS$0.91 $0.13 $— $— $1.04 
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Six months ended December 31, 2022Nine months ended March 31, 2023
GAAP MeasureIntangible amortization expenseAcquisition and divestiture costs
Tax recovery(a)
Non-GAAP measureGAAP MeasureIntangible amortization expenseAcquisition and divestiture costs
Tax recovery(a)
Non-GAAP measure
(in thousands, except per share data)(in thousands, except per share data)
SG&A expensesSG&A expenses$140,667 $ $ $2,858 $143,525 SG&A expenses$211,337 $ $ $2,858 $214,195 
Operating incomeOperating income74,319 8,391  (2,858)79,852 Operating income108,598 12,561  (2,858)118,301 
Pre-tax incomePre-tax income68,475 8,391  (2,858)74,008 Pre-tax income98,388 12,561  (2,858)108,091 
Net incomeNet income49,776 6,254  (1,886)54,144 Net income70,997 9,363  (1,886)78,474 
Diluted EPSDiluted EPS$1.96 $0.25 $ $(0.07)$2.13 Diluted EPS$2.79 $0.37 $ $(0.07)$3.09 
Six months ended December 31, 2021Nine months ended March 31, 2022
GAAP MeasureIntangible amortization expenseAcquisition and divestiture costsTax recoveryNon-GAAP measureGAAP MeasureIntangible amortization expenseAcquisition and divestiture costsTax recoveryNon-GAAP measure
(in thousands, except per share data)(in thousands, except per share data)
SG&A expensesSG&A expenses$133,016 $— $(30)$— $132,986 SG&A expenses$199,538 $— $(30)$— $199,508 
Operating incomeOperating income61,826 8,956 30 — 70,812 Operating income94,742 13,413 30 — 108,185 
Pre-tax incomePre-tax income59,839 8,956 30 — 68,825 Pre-tax income92,410 13,413 30 — 105,853 
Net incomeNet income45,225 6,740 30 — 51,995 Net income68,751 10,094 30 — 78,875 
Diluted EPSDiluted EPS$1.75 $0.26 $— $— $2.01 Diluted EPS$2.66 $0.39 $— $— $3.06 
(a) Recovery of prior period withholding taxes in Brazil
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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations and borrowings under our $350 million revolving credit facility. Our business requires significant investment in working capital, particularly accounts receivable and inventory, partially financed through our accounts payable to vendors, cash generated from operations and revolving lines of credit. In general, as our sales volumes increase, our net investment in working capital increases, which typically results in decreased cash flow from operating activities. Conversely, when sales volumes decrease, our net investment in working capital typically decreases, which typically results in increased cash flow from operating activities.

Our cash and cash equivalents balance totaled $66.4$37.4 million at DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, compared to $38.0 million at June 30, 2022, including $44.3$31.4 million and $35.0 million held outside of the United States at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and June 30, 2022, respectively. Checks released but not yet cleared in the amounts of $8.9$7.4 million and $18.0 million are included in accounts payable at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and June 30, 2022, respectively.

We conduct business in many locations throughout the world where we generate and use cash. We provide for United States income taxes from the earnings of our Canadian and Brazilian subsidiaries. See Note 13 - Income Taxes in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.
Our net investment in working capital increased $172.8$123.8 million to $882.3$833.4 million at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 from $709.5 million at June 30, 2022, primarily from increases in inventory and decreases in accounts receivable and inventory.payable. Our net investment in working capital is affected by several factors such as fluctuations in sales volume, net income, timing of collections from customers, increases and decreases to inventory levels and payments to vendors. For the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, our working capital investment increased to support our 13.6%10.6% year-over-year net sales growth.
Six months ended
December 31,
20222021
(in thousands)
Cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities$(75,346)$(75,378)
Investing activities(4,262)480 
Financing activities108,029 51,365 


Nine months ended
March 31,
20232022
(in thousands)
Cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities$(20,508)$(45,671)
Investing activities(6,549)(201)
Financing activities25,565 27,730 

Net cash used in operating activities was $75.3$20.5 million for the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, compared to $75.4$45.7 million used in operating activities in the prior-year period. Cash used in operating activities for the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 is attributable to increasesa 22% increase in inventory and an 8% decrease in accounts receivable, which increased 24% and 7%, respectively,payable compared to the beginning of the sixnine month period. Cash used in operating activities for the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20212022 is primarily attributable to increases in inventory and accounts receivable, which increased 20%26% and 8%13%, respectively, compared to the beginning of the sixnine month period.

Operating cash flows are subject to variability period over period as a result of the timing of payments related to accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other working capital items.

The number of days sales outstanding ("DSO") was 6970 days at DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, compared to 68 days at June 30, 2022 and 6469 days at DecemberMarch 31, 2021.2022. The increase in DSO for the quarter ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 is primarily due to increased net receivables, driven by project specific customer terms and timing of sales near the end of the reporting period. Inventory turned 5.04.1 times during the quarter ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, compared to 5.15.0 times for previous quarter ended September 30,December 31, 2022 and 5.75.1 times in the prior-year quarter ended DecemberMarch 31, 2021.2022. The decrease in inventory turns for the quarter ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 is primarily due to increased average inventory.

Cash used in investing activities for the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 was $4.3$6.5 million, compared to $0.5$0.2 million provided byused in investing activities in the prior-year period. Cash used in investing activities for the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 represents capital expenditures, primarily for IT investments. Cash provided by investing activities for the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20212022 represents proceeds from the sale of our discontinued operations, partially offset by capital expenditures.

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Management expects capital expenditures for fiscal year 2023 to range from $6.5$7.0 million to $9.0 million, primarily for IT investments and facility improvements.

For the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, cash provided by financing activities totaled $108.0$25.6 million, compared to $51.4$27.7 million provided by financing activities for the prior-year period. Cash provided by financing activities for the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 20212022 is primarily attributable to net borrowings on the revolving credit facility.

Credit Facility

We have a multi-currency senior secured credit facility with JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., as administrative agent, and a syndicate of banks (as amended, the “Amended Credit Agreement”). On September 28, 2022, we amended and restated our Amended Credit Agreement, which includes (i) a five-year, $350 million multicurrency senior secured revolving credit facility and (ii) a five-year $150 million senior secured term loan facility. The Amended Credit Agreement extended the credit facility maturity date to September 28, 2027. In addition, pursuant to an “accordion feature,” we may increase our borrowings up to an additional $250 million, subject to obtaining additional credit commitments from the lenders participating in the increase. The Amended Credit Agreement allows for the issuance of up to $50 million for letters of credit. Borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement are guaranteed by substantially all of our domestic assets and our domestic subsidiaries. Under the terms of the revolving credit facility, the payment of cash dividends is restricted. We incurred debt issuance costs of $1.4 million in connection with the amendment and restatement of the Amended Credit Agreement. These costs were capitalized to other non-current assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and added to the unamortized debt issuance costs from the previous credit facility.

Loans denominated in U.S. dollars, other than swingline loans, shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at our option, (i) the adjusted Termterm SOFR or adjusted daily simple SOFR plus an additional margin ranging from 1.00% to 1.75%, depending upon our ratio of (A) total consolidated debt less up to $30 million of unrestricted domestic cash to (B) trailing four-quarter consolidated EBITDA measured as of the end of the most recent year or quarter, as applicable, for which financial statements have been delivered to the Lenders (the “leverage ratio”); or (ii) the alternate base rate plus an additional margin ranging from 0% to 0.75%, depending upon our leverage ratio, plus, if applicable, certain mandatory costs. All swingline loans denominated in U.S. dollars shall bear interest based upon the adjusted daily simple SOFR floating daily, plus an additional margin ranging from 1.00% to 1.75%, depending upon our leverage ratio, or such other rate as agreed upon with the applicable swingline lender. The adjusted term SOFR and adjusted daily simple SOFR include a fixed credit adjustment of 0.10% over the applicable SOFR reference rate. Loans denominated in foreign currencies shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the applicable benchmark rate set forth in the NewAmended Credit Agreement plus an additional margin ranging from 1.00% to 1.75%, depending upon our leverage ratio plus, if applicable, certain mandatory costs.

During the quarter and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, our borrowings under the credit facility were U.S. dollar loans. The spread in effect as of DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 was 1.50% for LIBOR and SOFR-based loans and 0.50% for alternate base rate loans. The commitment fee rate in effect at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 was 0.25%. The Amended Credit Agreement includes customary representations, warranties and affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants. Specifically, our Leverage Ratio must be less than or equal to 3.50 to 1.00 at all times. In addition, our Interest Coverage Ratio (as such term is defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) must be at least 3.00 to 1.00 at the end of each fiscal quarter. In the event of a default, customary remedies are available to the lenders, including acceleration and increased interest rates. We were in compliance with all covenants under the credit facility at DecemberMarch 31, 2022.2023.

The average daily outstanding balance on the revolving credit facility, excluding the term loan facility, during the sixnine month periods ended DecemberMarch 31, 2023 and 2022 and 2021 was $219.5$227.2 million and $57.1$60.0 million, respectively. There was $120.0$190.8 million and $214.2 million available for additional borrowings as of DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and June 30, 2022, respectively. There were no letters of credit issued under the multi-currency revolving credit facility at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 or June 30, 2022. Availability to use this borrowing capacity depends upon, among other things, the levels of our Leverage Ratio and Interest Coverage Ratio, which, in turn, will depend upon (1) our Credit Facility Net Debt relative to our Credit Facility EBITDA and (2) Credit Facility EBITDA relative to total interest expense, respectively. As a result, our availability will increase if EBITDA increases (subject to the limit of the facility) and decrease if EBITDA decreases. While we were in compliance with the financial covenants contained in the Credit Facility as of DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, and currently expect to continue to maintain such compliance, should we encounter difficulties, our historical relationship with our Credit Facility lending group has been strong and we anticipate their continued support of our long-term business.


Summary

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We believe that our existing sources of liquidity, including cash resources and cash provided by operating activities, supplemented as necessary with funds under our credit agreements, will provide sufficient resources to meet our present and future working capital and cash requirements for at least the next twelve months. We also believe that our longer-term working capital, planned expenditures and other general funding requirements will be satisfied through cash flows from operations and, to the extent necessary, from our borrowing facilities.

Accounting Standards Recently Issued

See Note 1 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements, including the anticipated dates of adoption and the effects on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Critical accounting policies are those that are important to our financial condition and require management's most difficult, subjective or complex judgments. Different amounts would be reported under different operating conditions or under alternative assumptions. See Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results from Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022 for a complete discussion.
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Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

For a description of our market risks, see Part II, Item 7A. "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022. No material changes have occurred to our market risks since June 30, 2022.
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Item 4.Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO") of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures at DecemberMarch 31, 2022.2023. Based on that evaluation, our management, including the CEO and CFO, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at DecemberMarch 31, 2022.2023. During the quarter ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.Legal Proceedings

The Company and our subsidiaries are,is, from time to time, partiesparty to lawsuits arising out of operations. Although there can be no assurance, based upon information known to us, we believe that any liability resulting from an adverse determination of such lawsuits would not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. For a description of our material legal proceedings, see Note 12 - Commitments and Contingencies in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A.Risk Factors

In addition to the risk factors discussed in our other reports and statements that we file with the SEC, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2022, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and/or future operating results.

Except as described below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022.

Adverse developments affecting the financial services industry, including events or concerns involving liquidity, defaults, or non-performance by financial institutions, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

We regularly maintain cash balances at banks and other financial institutions that would exceed any applicable Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits. Should events, including limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse developments occur with respect to the banks or other financial institutions that hold our funds, or that affect financial institutions or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, our liquidity may be adversely affected.

If any banks or financial institutions enter receivership or become insolvent in the future in response to financial conditions affecting the banking system and financial markets, our operations may be negatively impacted, including our ability to access cash, cash equivalents or investments. In addition, investor concerns regarding the U.S. or international financial systems could result in less favorable financing terms, including higher interest rates or costs and tighter financial and operating covenants, or systemic limitations on access to credit and liquidity sources and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

In addition, if any of our customers, suppliers or other parties with whom we conduct business are unable to access funds pursuant to instruments or lending arrangements with a financial institution, such parties' ability to pay their obligations to us could be adversely affected.

Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer

The following table presents the share-repurchase activity for the quarter ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022:2023:

Period
Total number of shares purchased (1)
Average price paid per shareTotal number of shares purchased as part of the publicly announced plan or programApproximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plan or program
October 1 - 31, 20222,177 $ 26.41— $ 81,814,854
November 1 - 30, 202252,230 $ 32.05— $ 81,814,854
December 1 - 31, 2022134 $ 30.70— $ 81,814,854
Total54,541 — 
Period
Total number of shares purchased (1)
Average price paid per shareTotal number of shares purchased as part of the publicly announced plan or programApproximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plan or program
January 1 - 31, 2023— — — $ 81,814,854
February 1 - 28, 2023267,202 $ 31.03267,202 $ 73,523,576
March 1 - 31, 202392,449 $ 29.3789,267 $ 70,901,804
Total359,651 356,469 
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(1) Includes 54,5413,182 shares withheld from employees' stock-based awards to satisfy required tax withholding obligations for the months of OctoberJanuary through December 2022.March 2023.

In August 2021, our Board of Directors authorized a $100 million share repurchase program. The authorization does not have any time limit.

Dividends

We have never declared or paid a cash dividend. Under the terms of our credit facility, the payment of cash dividends is restricted.
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Item 6.Exhibits
Exhibit
Number
Description
10.1
10.2
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
101
The following materials from our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, formatted in Inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and June 30, 2022; (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Income Statements for the quarters and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 2021;2022; (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the quarters and sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 2021;2022; (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholder's Equity at DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 2021;2022; (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the sixnine months ended DecemberMarch 31, 20222023 and 2021;2022; and (vi) the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL
104Cover page Inline XBRL File (Included in Exhibit 101)
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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 ScanSource, Inc.
Date:February 7,May 9, 2023/s/ MICHAEL L. BAUR
 Michael L. Baur
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date:February 7,May 9, 2023/s/ STEVE JONES
Steve Jones
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)



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