UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549
FORM 10-Q


[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019
OR
[  ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to  ______


Commission file number   1-11353

LABORATORY CORPORATIONCORP OF
AMERICA HOLDINGS
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 13-3757370
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

358 South Main Street  
Burlington,North Carolina 27215
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)


(Registrant's telephone number, including area code) 336-229-1127336-229-1127

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act.

Title of Each Class            Trading Symbol            Name of exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.10 par value        LH                New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (paragraph 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes [X] No [  ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer [X]Accelerated filer [  ]
Non-accelerated filer [  ]Smaller reporting company [  ]
 Emerging growth company [ ]
If emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [  ] No [X].

The number of shares outstanding of the issuer's common stock is 100.997.7 million shares net of treasury stock as of October 26, 2018.August 6, 2019.



INDEX






INDEX




PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION


Item 1. 
   
 
 SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and December 31, 20172018 
   
 
 
Three months and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and 2017

2018
 
   
 
 Three months and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and 20172018 
   
 
 
NineThree and six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and 2017


2018
 
   
 
 
NineSix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019 and 2017

2018
 
   
 
   
Item 2.
   
Item 3.
   
Item 4.


PART II. OTHER INFORMATION


Item 1.
   
Item 1A.
   
Item 2.
Item 5.
   
Item 6.


INDEX




PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION


Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)


LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions)
(unaudited)
September 30,
2018
 December 31,
2017
June 30,
2019
 December 31,
2018
ASSETS      
Current assets:      
Cash and cash equivalents$892.6
 $316.6
$265.4
 $426.8
Accounts receivable1,536.1
 1,531.0
1,576.1
 1,467.9
Unbilled services320.1
 316.5
488.8
 394.4
Supplies inventories233.0
 227.2
219.7
 237.3
Prepaid expenses and other292.5
 308.8
298.6
 309.0
Current assets held for sale
 33.7
Total current assets3,274.3
 2,733.8
2,848.6
 2,835.4
Property, plant and equipment, net1,734.3
 1,706.6
2,544.2
 1,740.3
Goodwill, net7,362.7
 7,400.9
7,843.7
 7,360.3
Intangible assets, net3,990.9
 4,166.1
4,015.9
 3,911.1
Joint venture partnerships and equity method investments57.9
 58.4
86.7
 60.5
Deferred income tax assets1.9
 1.9
1.7
 1.7
Other assets, net239.4
 217.5
403.6
 276.0
Long-term assets held for sale
 387.8
Total assets$16,661.4
 $16,673.0
$17,744.4
 $16,185.3
      
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 
  
 
  
Current liabilities: 
  
 
  
Accounts payable$497.5
 $573.9
$531.6
 $634.6
Accrued expenses and other901.5
 793.3
820.3
 870.0
Unearned revenue289.4
 380.8
404.2
 356.4
Short-term operating lease liabilities229.2
 
Short-term finance lease liabilities8.2
 7.9
Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt417.8
 417.5
502.3
 10.0
Current liabilities held for sale
 20.2
Total current liabilities2,106.2
 2,185.7
2,495.8
 1,878.9
Long-term debt, less current portion6,044.6
 6,344.6
6,135.0
 5,990.9
Operating lease liabilities586.1
 
Financing lease liabilities46.2
 51.0
Deferred income taxes and other tax liabilities899.1
 875.5
948.3
 940.0
Other liabilities343.0
 376.0
368.6
 334.0
Long-term liabilities held for sale
 66.3
Total liabilities9,392.9
 9,848.1
10,580.0
 9,194.8
Commitments and contingent liabilities

 



 

Noncontrolling interest20.4
 20.8
20.0
 19.1
Shareholders’ equity: 
  
 
  
Common stock, 101.4 and 101.9 shares outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively11.9
 12.0
Common stock, 97.8 and 98.9 shares outstanding at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively9.1
 11.7
Additional paid-in capital1,828.4
 1,989.8
91.4
 1,451.1
Retained earnings6,921.9
 6,196.1
7,455.8
 7,079.8
Less common stock held in treasury(1,106.3) (1,060.1)
 (1,108.1)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(407.8) (333.7)(411.9) (463.1)
Total shareholders’ equity7,248.1
 6,804.1
7,144.4
 6,971.4
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$16,661.4
 $16,673.0
$17,744.4
 $16,185.3


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
INDEX




LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions, except per share data)
(unaudited)


Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018 2019 2018
Revenues$2,831.3
 $2,621.4
 $8,545.9
 $7,563.3
$2,881.7
 $2,866.3
 $5,672.9
 $5,714.6
Cost of revenues2,041.4
 1,837.2
 6,141.9
 5,288.6
2,056.9
 2,031.2
 4,058.4
 4,100.5
Gross profit789.9
 784.2
 2,404.0
 2,274.7
824.8
 835.1
 1,614.5
 1,614.1
Selling, general and administrative expenses381.8
 381.3
 1,174.0
 1,081.9
415.3
 395.2
 809.1
 792.2
Amortization of intangibles and other assets54.7
 54.6
 175.5
 153.6
60.2
 58.5
 117.3
 120.8
Restructuring and other special charges10.0
 21.6
 36.5
 64.6
13.6
 12.2
 34.2
 26.5
Operating income343.4
 326.7
 1,018.0
 974.6
335.7
 369.2
 653.9
 674.6
Other income (expenses): 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
Interest expense(59.4) (59.9) (186.0) (167.3)(59.1) (63.1) (115.8) (126.6)
Equity method income, net3.0
 3.2
 8.5
 10.0
2.5
 3.0
 5.5
 5.5
Investment income2.8
 0.7
 4.2
 1.4
1.4
 0.8
 2.0
 1.4
Other, net209.8
 (3.9) 209.1
 (7.4)(10.5) 2.8
 (20.9) (0.7)
Earnings before income taxes499.6
 266.8
 1,053.8
 811.3
270.0
 312.7
 524.7
 554.2
Provision for income taxes180.6
 92.5
 328.1
 268.6
79.3
 78.6
 148.1
 147.6
Net earnings319.0
 174.3
 725.7
 542.7
190.7
 234.1
 376.6
 406.6
Less: Net (earnings) loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest(0.2) (2.8) 0.1
 (3.4)(0.3) (0.3) (0.6) 0.4
Net earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings$318.8
 $171.5
 $725.8
 $539.3
$190.4
 $233.8
 $376.0
 $407.0
              
Basic earnings per common share$3.14
 $1.68
 $7.13
 $5.27
$1.94
 $2.29
 $3.82
 $3.99
Diluted earnings per common share$3.10
 $1.65
 $7.04
 $5.19
$1.93
 $2.27
 $3.79
 $3.94


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
INDEX




 
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS
(in millions, except per share data)
(unaudited)


Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018 2019 2018
Net earnings$319.0
 $174.3
 $725.7
 $542.7
$190.7
 $234.1
 $376.6
 $406.6
Foreign currency translation adjustments0.3
 63.0
 (82.2) 278.7
25.6
 (121.9) 47.2
 (82.6)
Net benefit plan adjustments2.9
 2.3
 9.1
 3.4
2.8
 3.3
 5.5
 6.2
Other comprehensive earnings (loss) before tax3.2
 65.3
 (73.1) 282.1
28.4
 (118.6) 52.7
 (76.4)
Provision for income tax related to items of other comprehensive earnings(4.0) (20.2) (1.0) (41.0)
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax(0.8) 45.1
 (74.1) 241.1
(Provision) benefit for income tax related to items of other comprehensive earnings(0.8) (7.2) (1.5) 3.1
Other comprehensive earnings, net of tax27.6
 (125.8) 51.2
 (73.3)
Comprehensive earnings318.2
 219.4
 651.6
 783.8
218.3
 108.3
 427.8
 333.3
Less: Net (earnings) loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest(0.2) (2.8) 0.1
 (3.4)(0.3) (0.3) (0.6) 0.4
Comprehensive earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings$318.0
 $216.6
 $651.7
 $780.4
$218.0
 $108.0
 $427.2
 $333.7


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


INDEX




LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in millions)
(unaudited)


Common
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2016$12.1
 $2,131.7
 $4,969.0
 $(1,012.7) $(581.9) $5,518.2
Net earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings
 
 539.3
 
 
 539.3
Other comprehensive earnings, net of tax
 
 
 
 241.1
 241.1
Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans0.1
 65.1
 
 
 
 65.2
Net share settlement tax payments from issuance of stock to employees


 
 
 (46.5) 
 (46.5)
Conversion of zero-coupon convertible debt
 13.6
 
 
 
 13.6
Stock compensation
 85.8
 
 
 
 85.8
Purchase of common stock(0.2) (297.9) 
 
 
 (298.1)
BALANCE AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2017$12.0
 $1,998.3
 $5,508.3
 $(1,059.2) $(340.8) $6,118.6
           
Common
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2017$12.0
 $1,989.8
 $6,196.1
 $(1,060.1) $(333.7) $6,804.1
$12.0
 $1,989.8
 $6,196.1
 $(1,060.1) $(333.7) $6,804.1
Net earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings
 
 725.8
 
 
 725.8

 
 173.2
 
 
 173.2
Other comprehensive earnings, net of tax
 
 
 
 (74.1) (74.1)
 
 
 
 52.5
 52.5
Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans
 67.4
 
 
 
 67.4

 28.4
 
 
 
 28.4
Net share settlement tax payments from issuance of stock to employees


 
 
 (46.2) 
 (46.2)
 
 
 (25.0) 
 (25.0)
Conversion of zero-coupon convertible debt
 0.3
 
 
 
 0.3
Stock compensation
 70.8
 
 
 
 70.8

 25.8
 
 
 
 25.8
Purchase of common stock(0.1) (299.9) 
 
 
 (300.0)
 (75.0) 
 
 
 (75.0)
BALANCE AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2018$11.9
 $1,828.4
 $6,921.9
 $(1,106.3) $(407.8) $7,248.1
BALANCE AT MARCH 31, 2018$12.0
 $1,969.0
 $6,369.3
 $(1,085.1) $(281.2) $6,984.0
Net earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings
 
 233.8
 
 
 233.8
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
 
 
 
 (125.8) (125.8)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans
 14.6
 
 
 
 14.6
Net share settlement tax payments from issuance of stock to employees
 
 
 (20.1) 
 (20.1)
Stock compensation
 26.2
 
 
 
 26.2
Purchase of common stock
 (75.0) 
 
 
 (75.0)
BALANCE AT JUNE 30, 2018$12.0
 $1,934.8
 $6,603.1
 $(1,105.2) $(407.0) $7,037.7
           
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2018$11.7
 $1,451.1
 $7,079.8
 $(1,108.1) $(463.1) $6,971.4
Net earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings
 
 185.6
 
 
 185.6
Other comprehensive earnings, net of tax
 
 
 
 23.6
 23.6
Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans
 24.7
 
 
 
 24.7
Net share settlement tax payments from issuance of stock to employees
 
 
 (19.4) 
 (19.4)
Stock compensation
 25.5
 
 
 
 25.5
Purchase of common stock(0.1) (100.0) 
 
 
 (100.1)
BALANCE AT MARCH 31, 2019$11.6
 $1,401.3
 $7,265.4
 $(1,127.5) $(439.5) $7,111.3
Net earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings
 
 190.4
 
 
 190.4
Other comprehensive earnings, net of tax
 
 
 
 27.6
 27.6
Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans
 9.2
 
 
 
 9.2
Net share settlement tax payments from issuance of stock to employees
 
 
 (20.7) 
 (20.7)
Stock compensation
 26.5
 
 
 
 26.5
Retirement of treasury stock(2.4) (1,145.8) 
 1,148.2
 
 
Purchase of common stock(0.1) (199.8) 
 
 
 (199.9)
BALANCE AT JUNE 30, 2019$9.1
 $91.4
 $7,455.8
 $
 $(411.9) $7,144.4


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
INDEX




LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
(unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 20172019 2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:      
Net earnings$725.7
 $542.7
$376.6
 $406.6
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: 
  
 
  
Depreciation and amortization414.4
 388.2
277.1
 281.3
Stock compensation70.8
 85.8
52.0
 52.0
(Gain) loss on sale of assets(1.9) 2.3
Gain on sale of business(209.4) 
Loss (gain) on sale of assets4.5
 (0.3)
Loss on sale of business8.8
 
Accreted interest on zero-coupon subordinated notes0.1
 0.3

 0.1
Cumulative earnings less (more) than distributions from equity method investments

0.3
 (0.4)
Operating lease right-of-use asset expense94.0
 
Earnings less distributions (excess)/deficit from equity method investments8.0
 (1.3)
Asset impairment5.3
 23.5

 2.3
Deferred income taxes12.1
 (0.1)15.2
 36.0
Change in assets and liabilities (net of effects of acquisitions): 
  
 
  
Increase in accounts receivable(8.5) (100.5)
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable(91.1) 13.2
Increase in unbilled services(5.5) (24.8)(67.4) (36.5)
Increase in inventories(8.8) (6.4)(1.7) (4.7)
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other(40.1) 33.4
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable(79.9) 109.1
Decrease in unearned revenue(94.4) (1.1)
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other38.8
 (118.9)
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other16.1
 (27.2)
Decrease in accounts payable(109.0) (91.3)
(Decrease) increase in unearned revenue(5.0) 8.3
Decrease in accrued expenses and other(158.8) (71.4)
Net cash provided by operating activities819.0
 933.1
419.3
 567.1
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: 
  
 
  
Capital expenditures(257.6) (216.8)(179.4) (159.7)
Proceeds from sale of assets50.1
 1.2
4.2
 0.7
Proceeds from sale of investment3.4
 
Net proceeds from sale of held for sale assets654.5
 

 49.1
Acquisition of licensing technology
 (2.3)
Investments in equity affiliates(14.3) (33.2)(15.8) (7.3)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired(79.1) (1,799.3)(703.7) (79.1)
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities353.6
 (2,050.4)
Net cash used for investing activities(891.3) (196.3)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: 
  
 
  
Proceeds from senior note offerings
 1,200.0
Proceeds from term loan
 750.0
850.0
 
Payments on term loan(295.0) (50.0)(250.0) (295.0)
Proceeds from revolving credit facilities449.2
 1,323.7
419.5
 394.7
Payments on revolving credit facilities(449.2) (1,323.7)(384.5) (394.7)
Payments on senior notes
 (500.0)
Payments on zero-coupon subordinated notes(0.3) (25.1)(5.2) 
Payment of debt issuance costs
 (13.6)
Noncontrolling interest distributions(6.1) (0.8)(0.5) (5.9)
Deferred payments on acquisitions
 (1.6)(4.7) 
Payments on long-term lease obligations(6.8) (6.0)
Payments on other long-term obligations(6.7) (5.1)
Net share settlement tax payments from issuance of stock to employees

(46.2) (46.5)(40.1) (45.1)
Net proceeds from issuance of stock to employees67.4
 65.2
33.9
 43.0
Purchase of common stock(300.0) (298.1)(300.0) (150.0)
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities(587.0) 1,073.5
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities311.7
 (458.1)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(9.6) 19.3
(1.1) (7.9)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents576.0
 (24.5)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents(161.4) (95.2)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period316.6
 433.6
426.8
 316.6
Cash and cash equivalents included in assets held for sale
 0.2
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$892.6
 $409.3
$265.4
 $221.4


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)






1.  BASIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT PRESENTATION
Laboratory Corporation of America® Holdings together with its subsidiaries (the Company) is a leading global life sciences company that is deeply integrated in guiding patient care, providing comprehensive clinical laboratory and end-to-end drug development services. The Company’s mission is to improve health and improve lives by delivering world-class diagnostic solutions, bringing innovative medicines to patients faster and using technology to provide better care. The Company serves a broad range of customers, including managed care organizations (MCOs), biopharmaceutical companies, medical device companies, governmental agencies, physicians and other healthcare providers (e.g., physician assistants and nurse practitioners, generally referred to herein as physicians), hospitals and health systems, employers, patients and consumers, contract research organizations food and nutritional companies(CROs) and independent clinical laboratories. The Company believes that it generated more revenue from laboratory testing than any other company in the world in 2017. During the third quarter of 2018, the Company divested its forensic testing services business in the United Kingdom (U.K.) and its Food Solutions business.2018.
The Company reports its business in two segments, LabCorp Diagnostics (LCD) and Covance Drug Development (CDD). For further financial information about these segments, see Note 1516 (Business Segment Information). During the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, LCD and CDD contributed approximately 62%61% and 38%39%, respectively, of net revenues to the Company, and forCompany. During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, LCD and CDD contributed approximately 62%61% and 38%39%, respectively.respectively, of revenues to the Company.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries for which it exercises control. Long-term investments in affiliated companies in which the Company exercises significant influence, but which it does not control, are accounted for using the equity method. Investments in which the Company does not exercise significant influence (generally, when the Company has an investment of less than 20.0% and no representation on the investee's board of directors)) are accounted for at fair value or at cost minus impairment for those investments that do not have readily determinable fair values. All significant inter-company transactions and accounts have been eliminated. The Company does not have any significant variable interest entities or special purpose entities whose financial results are not included in the condensed consolidated financial statements.
The financial statements of the Company's operating foreign subsidiaries are measured using the local currency as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates as of the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average monthly exchange rates prevailing during the period. Resulting translation adjustments are included in “Accumulated other comprehensive income.”
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of results of operations, cash flows and financial position have been made. Except as otherwise disclosed, all such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles.
The condensed consolidated financial statements and notes are presented in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States (U.S.) Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and do not contain certain information included in the Company’s 20172018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Therefore, thethese interim statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report.
Recently Adopted Guidance
Revenue from Contracts with CustomersLeases
In May 2014,February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued the converged standard on revenue recognition with the objective of providing a single, comprehensive model for all contracts with customers to improve comparability in the financial statements of companies reporting using International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The standard contains principles that an entity must apply to determine the measurement of revenue and timing of when it is recognized. The underlying principle is that an entity must recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount that the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.
The standard was effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2018. The Company elected to adopt the standard using the full retrospective approach, which resulted in a recasting of revenue and the related financial statement items for 2016 and 2017. During transition to the new standard, the Company also elected several practical expedients, as provided by the standard. Contracts that began and ended within the same annual reporting period were not restated. Contracts that were completed by December 31, 2017, that had variable consideration were estimated using the transaction price at the date the contract was completed. The amount
INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations will not be disclosed for prior reporting periods. Contracts that were modified prior to the earliest reporting period will be reflected in the earliest reporting period with an aggregate adjustment for prior modifications.
As a result of the new standard, the Company has changed its accounting policies for revenue recognition. The significant changes under the new standard, and the quantitative impact of these changes, are detailed below.
LCD
The primary impact of the new standard to the LCD segment was classifying bad debt expense of $82.5 and $238.7 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, as a reduction in revenue rather than as a selling, general and administrative expense.
CDD
The primary impacts of the new standard to the CDD segment were as follows:
Investigator fees: Prior to the new standard, reimbursements of investigator fees by clients were netted against the amounts paid to investigators in net revenues, on the basis that CDD was acting as the agent in arranging the investigator services. Under the new standard, revenue for investigator services and other reimbursable activities is recognized gross of fees paid to the investigators and other vendors, on the basis that a clinical study is considered a single, combined performance obligation for which CDD acts as a principal. Where CDD assumes the obligations by contract in studies involving patients, CDD is the principal because CDD may contract directly with third party clinical trial sites and investigators for investigator services and other reimbursable activities, which are combined with other CDD services in the management of a clinical study. Where CDD has assumed certain clinical trial sponsor obligations by contract in studies involving patients, CDD has primary responsibility for fulfilling its obligations associated with the full management of a clinical study, has inventory risk since it may be obligated to compensate investigators and other vendors for reimbursable activities regardless of payment by the customer, and has discretion within the framework agreed upon with the customer in setting the price of the study, including the budget for all pass-through costs, including investigator grants. 
The financial impact of this change on revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, was an increase of $71.0 and $197.4, respectively. Revenue and expenses from reimbursable out-of-pocket costs were previously recognized gross as separate line items from Net revenues and Net cost of revenue in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Under the new standard, reimbursable out-of-pocket costs continue to be recognized gross, but are no longer presented separately (i.e., expenses are included in Cost of revenues and reimbursements are included in Revenues). In the statement of financial position, unbilled investigator fees and reimbursable out of pocket costs were reclassified from “Prepaid expenses and other” to “Unbilled services” and billed investigator grants and reimbursable out-of-pocket costs were reclassified from “Prepaid expenses and other” to “Accounts receivable, net.”
Measure of progress: Prior to the new standard, service fee revenue in clinical studies was recognized on a proportional-performance basis, generally using output measures that are specific to the service provided (e.g., number of investigators enrolled, number of sites initiated, number of trial subjects enrolled and number of monitoring visits completed), while reimbursable out-of-pocket revenue was recognized when the associated expense was incurred. Changes in contract value from changes in scope were reflected once the customer agreed to the changes in scope and renegotiated pricing terms. Under the new standard, revenue in a clinical study (inclusive of budgeted reimbursable pass-through costs) is recognized using an input-based measure of progress based on costs incurred (including pass-through costs such as investigator services and reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses). If a customer’s approval of a work scope change creates an enforceable right to payment, the related revenue will be estimated and included in the measure of progress before a formal change order is executed, which results in recognition of revenue as services are provided. The financial impact of this change on revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, was a decrease of $15.6 and $33.8, respectively.
Sales commissions: Prior to the new standard, sales commissions were recorded as an expense each quarter when incurred. Under the new standard, CDD amortizes sales commissions according to the expected service period to which the commissions relate on the basis that they are recoverable through the margin inherent in the contracts and recognizes the unamortized commissions as current and long-term assets.
CDD applied the portfolio practical expedient in the new standard to determine the amortization period for assets recognized from sales commissions. Under the portfolio approach, CDD determined the weighted average contract term for groups of contracts with similar characteristics, and then amortized the capitalized sales commissions for that group over that term. CDD believes that any difference between the amortization patterns under the specific identification approach and the portfolio approach are not
INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


significant to CDD’s consolidated financial statements. The financial impact of this change on selling, general, and administrative expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, was a decrease of $2.0 and $0.8, respectively.
The total quantitative impact of the new standard on retained earnings as of January 1, 2017, was an increase of $13.2.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e., lessees and lessors). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. LeasesThe Company has elected to utilize the short-term lease exemption and not record leases with a terminitial terms of 12 months or less will be accounted for based on guidance similar to current guidance for operating leases.the balance sheet. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases and direct financing leases and operating leases.
The Company adopted the standard is effective on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective method. Comparative periods were not adjusted and are presented in accordance with early adoption permitted.lease guidance in effect for that period. The Company will adoptelected the standard usingpackage of practical expedients, which includes not reassessing whether existing contracts contain leases under the new definition of a modified retrospective transition approachlease, reassessing the classification of existing leases, and will not restate its comparative periods. The Company will implement a new module into the current leasing software solution which will facilitate compliance withreassessing whether previously capitalized initial direct costs qualify for
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LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


capitalization under the new standard. GivenLeases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the sizeCondensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date, based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term. A certain number of these leases contain rent escalation clauses either fixed or adjusted periodically for inflation or market rates that are factored into the Company's determination of lease payments. The Company also has variable lease payments that do not depend on a rate or index, for items such as volume purchase commitments, which are recorded as variable cost when incurred. As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease portfolio,commencement date to discount payments to the adoptionpresent value. Some operating leases contain renewal options, some of thiswhich also include options to early terminate the leases. The exercise of these options is at the Company's discretion. The Company determined that all renewal options within leases for main laboratories, STAT laboratories, branches or combination sites were reasonably possible to be exercised and therefore are included in the accounting lease term.
The standard is expected to havehad a material impact onin the Company's grossconsolidated balance sheet withsheets, but no material impact in the recordingconsolidated income statements. The most significant impact was the recognition of right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities for operating leases, while the right-to-use asset and a corresponding lease liability.accounting for finance leases remained unchanged.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard intended to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about expected credit losses and other commitments to extend credit held by the reporting entity. The standard replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with one that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The update is effective on January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that makes eight targeted changes to how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this standard on a retrospective basis effective January 1, 2018. As a result, the Company reclassified accreted interest paid upon conversion of its zero-coupon subordinated notes from a financing activity to an operating activity.
In January 2017, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that changes the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2018.
In July 2017, the FASB issued a new accounting standard intended to reduce the complexity associated with the issuer's accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. Specifically, a down round feature would no longer cause a free-standing equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded conversion option) to be accounted for as a derivative liability at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in current earnings. This update is effective on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted and the option to use the retrospective or modified retrospective adoption method. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.
In August 2017, the FASB issued a new accounting standard intended to more closely align hedge accounting with companies' risk management strategies, simplify the application of hedge accounting and increase transparency as to the scope and results of hedging programs. As a result, more hedging strategies are eligible for hedge accounting. The Company early adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018, and as allowed by the standard, elected to change the methodology for assessing hedge effectiveness of net investment hedges from a method based on changes in forward exchange rates to a method based on changes in spot exchange rates. The spot methodology under this standard allows the interest accrual components of hedge instruments to be reported directly in earnings while the changes in the fair value of hedge instruments attributable to changes in the spot rate are reported in the cumulative translation adjustment section of other comprehensive income.
In August 2018, the FASB issued a new accounting standard to remove,reduce, modify, and add to the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The standard is effective on January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.
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LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


In August 2018, the FASB issued a new accounting standard to remove,reduce, modify, and add to the disclosure requirements on defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. The standard is effective on January 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued a new accounting standard to align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The standard is effective on January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.
Reclassifications and Revisions
The Company adopted Accounting Standard Update 2016-09 Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) during 2016 and incorrectly classified payments made to tax authorities for withheld shares from an employee’s equity award as cash flows from operating activities versus cash flows from financing activities. As a result, the Company has revised the consolidated statement of cash flows for these tax payments of $45.1 for the six months ended June 30, 2018, and $46.5 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, from operating activities to financing activities. The Company concluded that these errors were not material individually or in the aggregate to any of the periods impacted.
AdoptionIn conjunction with the adoption of the standards relatednew lease standard, the Company reclassified the capital lease asset balance of $44.4 at December 31, 2018, from Property, plant and equipment, net to revenue recognition, pension accounting and cash receipts and payments as well as the revision for payments made to tax authorities for withheld shares from equity awards impacted previously reported results as follows:Other assets.
 Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
 For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 As Previously Reported ASC 606 Revenue Adjustments Pension Adjustments As Adjusted
Total revenues$2,655.2
 $(33.8) $
 $2,621.4
Total cost of revenue1,772.4
 64.6
 0.2
 1,837.2
Gross profit882.8
 (98.4) (0.2) 784.2
Selling, general and administrative expenses465.3
 (84.5) 0.5
 381.3
Other operating and non-operating expenses, net136.4
 0.4
 (0.7) 136.1
Provision for income taxes97.7
 (5.2) 
 92.5
Net earnings183.4
 (9.1) 
 174.3
Less: Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest(2.8) 
 
 (2.8)
Net earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings$180.6
 $(9.1) $
 $171.5
        
Basic earnings per share$1.77
     $1.68
Diluted earnings per share$1.74
     $1.65


 Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 As previously reported ASC 606 Revenue Adjustments Pension Adjustments As Adjusted
Total revenues$7,645.1
 $(81.8) $
 $7,563.3
Total cost of revenue5,096.9
 191.3
 0.4
 5,288.6
Gross profit2,548.2
 (273.1) (0.4) 2,274.7
Selling, general and administrative expenses1,320.0
 (239.4) 1.3
 1,081.9
Other operating and non-operating expenses, net382.3
 0.9
 (1.7) 381.5
Provision for income taxes281.1
 (12.5) 
 268.6
Net earnings564.8
 (22.1) 
 542.7
Less: Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest(3.4) 
 
 (3.4)
Net earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings$561.4
 $(22.1) $
 $539.3
        
Basic earnings per share$5.48
 
 
 $5.27
Diluted earnings per share$5.40
 
 
 $5.19






INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)



 Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 As Previously Reported Tax Payments for Equity Awards RevisionASC 606 Revenue Adjustments Zero-Coupon Notes Adjustments As Adjusted
Net cash provided by operating activities$895.3
 $46.5
$
 $(8.7) $933.1
Net cash used for investing activities(2,050.4) 

 
 (2,050.4)
Net cash provided by financing activities1,111.3
 (46.5)
 8.7
 1,073.5
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents19.4
 
(0.1) 
 19.3
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents$(24.4)      $(24.5)
The below adjustments have been made to the December 31, 2017, balance sheet and are all the result of the implementation of ASC 606. The adjustments include a cumulative catch-up adjustment, reclassification of unbilled services, and the capitalization of contract acquisition costs.
 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
 December 31, 2017
 As Previously Reported ASC 606 Revenue Adjustments As Adjusted
Current assets$2,682.6
 $51.2
 $2,733.8
Long-term assets13,885.4
 53.8
 13,939.2
Total assets$16,568.0
 $105.0
 $16,673.0
      
Current liabilities$2,046.1
 $139.6
 $2,185.7
Long-term liabilities7,671.1
 (8.7) 7,662.4
Noncontrolling interest20.8
 
 20.8
Shareholders' equity6,830.0
 (25.9) 6,804.1
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$16,568.0
 $105.0
 $16,673.0

2.  REVENUEREVENUES
Description of Revenue
The Company's revenuerevenues by segment payers/customer groups for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, and 20172018, is as follows:
 For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
 U.S. Canada U.K. Switzerland Other Europe Other Total
Payer/Customer             
LCD            
   Clients16% 1% % % % % 17%
   Patients8% % % % % % 8%
   Medicare and Medicaid8% % % % % % 8%
   Third-party26% 2% % % % % 28%
Total LCD revenues by payer58% 3% % % % % 61%
              
CDD             
   Biopharmaceutical and medical
device companies
20% % 4% 5% 3% 7% 39%
              
Total revenues78% 3% 4% 5% 3% 7% 100%

 For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 U.S. Canada U.K. Switzerland Other Europe Other Total
Payer/Customer             
LCD             
   Clients18% 1% % % % % 19%
   Patients7% % % % % % 7%
   Medicare and Medicaid10% % % % % % 10%
   Third-party25% 2% % % % % 27%
Total LCD revenues by payer60% 3% % % % % 63%
              
CDD             
   Biopharmaceutical and medical
device companies
20% % 2% 5% 3% 7% 37%
              
Total revenues80% 3% 2% 5% 3% 7% 100%


For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
U.S. Canada U.K. Switzerland Other Europe Other TotalU.S. Canada U.K. Switzerland Other Europe Other Total
Payer/Customer                          
LCD            
             
Clients17% 1% % % % % 18%16% 1% % % % % 17%
Patients8% % % % % % 8%8% % % % % % 8%
Medicare and Medicaid9% % % % % % 9%8% % % % % % 8%
Third-party25% 2% % % % % 27%26% 2% % % % % 28%
Total LCD revenues by payer59% 3% % % % % 62%58% 3% % % % % 61%
                          
CDD                          
Biopharmaceutical and medical
device companies
24% % 3% 4% 2% 5% 38%20% % 4% 5% 3% 7% 39%
                          
Total revenues83% 3% 3% 4% 2% 5% 100%78% 3% 4% 5% 3% 7% 100%

INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)




 For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 U.S. Canada U.K. Switzerland Other Europe Other Total
Payer/Customer             
LCD             
   Clients18% 1% % % % % 19%
   Patients7% % % % % % 7%
   Medicare and Medicaid9% % % % % % 9%
   Third-party25% 2% % % % % 27%
Total LCD revenues by payer59% 3% % % % % 62%
              
CDD             
   Biopharmaceutical and medical
device companies
20% % 2% 5% 4% 7% 38%
              
Total revenues79% 3% 2% 5% 4% 7% 100%
 For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 U.S. Canada U.K. Switzerland Other Europe Other Total
Payer/Customer             
LCD             
   Clients19% 1% % % % % 20%
   Patients9% % % % % % 9%
   Medicare and Medicaid10% % % % % % 10%
   Third-party27% 2% % % % % 29%
Total LCD revenues by payer65% 3% % % % % 68%
              
CDD             
   Biopharmaceutical and medical
device companies
15% % 3% 4% 3% 7% 32%
              
Total revenues80% 3% 3% 4% 3% 7% 100%
 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 U.S. Canada U.K. Switzerland Other Europe Other Total
Payer/Customer             
LCD             
   Clients17% 1% % % % % 18%
   Patients9% % % % % % 9%
   Medicare and Medicaid9% % % % % % 9%
   Third-party24% 2% % % % % 26%
Total LCD revenues by payer59% 3% % % % % 62%
              
CDD             
   Biopharmaceutical and medical
device companies
20% % 3% 5% 3% 7% 38%
              
Total revenues79% 3% 3% 5% 3% 7% 100%
 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 U.S. Canada U.K. Switzerland Other Europe Other Total
Payer/Customer             
LCD             
   Clients19% 1% % % % % 20%
   Patients9% % % % % % 9%
   Medicare and Medicaid10% % % % % % 10%
   Third-party26% 2% % % % % 28%
Total LCD revenues by payer64% 3% % % % % 67%
              
CDD             
   Biopharmaceutical and medical
device companies
15% % 3% 5% 3% 7% 33%
              
Total revenues79% 3% 3% 5% 3% 7% 100%
The following is a description of the current revenue recognition policies of the Company:
LCD
LCD is an independent clinical laboratory business. It offers a comprehensive menu of frequently requested and specialty diagnostic tests through an integrated network of primary and specialty laboratories across the U.S. In addition to diagnostic testing, along with occupational and wellness testing for employers and forensic DNA analysis, LCD has also offered a range of other testing services, including food solutions services.
Within the LCD segment, with the exception of food solutions services, a revenue transaction is initiated when LCD receives a requisition order to perform a diagnostic test. The information provided on the requisition form is used to determine the party
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LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


that will be billed for the testing performed and the expected reimbursement. LCD recognizes revenue and satisfies its performance obligation for services rendered when the testing process is complete and the associated results are reported. Sales are distributed among four payer portfolios - clients, patients, Medicare and Medicaid, and third-party. LCD considers negotiated discounts and anticipated adjustments, including historical collection experience for the payer portfolio, when sales are recorded.
The following are descriptions of the LCD payer portfolios:
Clients
Client payers represent the portion of LCD’s revenue related to physicians, hospitals, health systems, accountable care organizations (ACOs), employers and other entities where payment is received exclusively from the entity ordering the testing service. Generally, client sales are recorded on a fee-for-service basis at LCD’s client list price, less any negotiated discount. A portion of client billing is for laboratory management services, collection kits and other non-testing services or products. In these cases, revenue is recognized when services are rendered or delivered.
This portfolio also includes LCD's nutritional chemistry services. LCD offers a broad range of services to the food and nutraceutical and animal feed industries. Revenue is recognized using an output-based measure of progress based on the volume of activities in each period.
Patients
This portfolio includes revenue from uninsured patients and member cost-share for insured patients (e.g., coinsurance, deductibles and non-covered services). Uninsured patients are billed based upon LCD’s patient fee schedules, net of any discounts negotiated with physicians on behalf of their patients. LCD bills insured patients as directed by their health plan and after consideration of the fees and terms associated with an established health plan contract.
Medicare and Medicaid
This portfolio relates to fee-for-service revenue from traditional Medicare and Medicaid programs. Net revenue from these programs is based on the fee schedule established by the related government authority. In addition to contractual discounts, other adjustments including anticipated payer denials are considered when determining net revenue. Any remaining adjustments to revenue are recorded at the time of final collection and settlement. These adjustments are not material to LCD’s results of operations in any period presented.
Third-Party
Third-party includes revenue related to MCOs. The majority of LCD's third-party revenue is reimbursed on a fee-for-service basis. These payers are billed at LCD's established list price and revenue is recorded net of contractual discounts. The majority of LCD’s MCO sales are recorded based upon contractually negotiated fee schedules with sales for non-contracted MCOs recorded based on historical reimbursement experience.
In addition to contractual discounts, other adjustments including anticipated payer denials are considered when determining revenue. Any remaining adjustments to revenue are recorded at the time of final collection and settlement. These adjustments are not material to LCD’s results of operations in any period presented.
Third-party reimbursement is also received through capitation agreements with MCOs and independent physician associations (IPAs). Under capitated agreements, revenue is recognized based on a negotiated per-member, per-month payment for an agreed upon menu of tests, or based upon the proportionate share earned by LCD from a capitation pool. When the agreed upon reimbursement is based solely on an established rate per member, revenue is not impacted by the volume of testing performed. Under a capitation pool arrangement, the aggregate value of an established rate per member is distributed based on the volume and complexity of the procedures performed by laboratories participating in the agreement. LCD recognizes revenue monthly, based upon the established capitation rate or anticipated distribution from a capitated pool.
CDD
CDD is a contract research organization (CRO) business that provides end-to-end drug development services from early-stage research to clinical trial management and beyond. CDD provides these services predominantly to biopharmaceutical and medical device companies across the world. Because the CDD client base generally consumes these drug development services across the entire portfolio of CDD pre-clinical and clinical services offerings, there is little variability in the customer base of any particular CDD service offering. The nature of CDD’s obligations include agreements to manage a full clinical trial, provide services for a specific phase of a trial, or provide research products to the customer. Generally, the amount of the transaction price estimated at the beginning of the contract is equal to the amount expected to be billed to the customer. Other payments may also factor into the calculation of transaction price, such as volume-based rebates that are retroactively applied to prior transactions in the period.
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LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


Historically, a majority of CDD’s net revenues have been earned under contracts that range in duration from a few months to a few years, but can extend in duration up to five years or longer. Occasionally, CDD also has entered into minimum volume arrangements with certain customers. Under these types of arrangements, if the annual minimum dollar value of a service commitment is not reached, the customer is required to pay CDD for the shortfall. Annual minimum commitment shortfalls are not recognized until the end of the period when the amount has been determined and agreed to by the customer.
CDD recognizes revenue either as services are performed or as products are delivered, depending on the nature of the work contracted. If performance is completed at a specific point in time, the Company evaluates the nature of the agreement to determine when the good or service is transferred into the customer’s control.
Service contracts generally take the form of fee-for-service or fixed-price arrangements subject to pricing adjustments based on changes in scope. In cases where performance spans multiple accounting periods, revenue is recognized as services are performed, measured on a proportional-performance basis, using either input or output methods that are specific to the service provided. In an output method, revenue is determined by dividing the actual units of output achieved by the total units of output required under the contract and multiplying that percentage by the total contract value. The total contract value, or total contractual payments, represents the aggregate contracted price for each of the agreed upon services to be provided. When using an input method, revenue is recognized by dividing the actual units of input incurred by the total units of input budgeted in the contract, and multiplying that percentage by the total contract value. In each situation, the Company believes that the methods used most accurately depict the progress of the Company towards completing its obligations. Billing schedules and payment terms are generally negotiated on a contract-by-contract basis. In some cases, CDD bills the customer for the total contract value in progress-based installments as certain non-contingent billing milestones are reached over the contract duration. These milestones include, but are not limited to, contract signing, initial dosing, investigator site initiation, patient enrollment and/or database lock. The term “billing milestone” relates only to a billing trigger in a contract whereby amounts become billable and payable in accordance with a negotiated predetermined billing schedule throughout the term of a project. These billing milestones are generally not performance-based (i.e., there is no potential additional consideration tied to specific deliverables or performance). In other cases, billing and payment terms are tied to the passage of time (e.g., monthly billings). In either case, the total contract value and aggregate amounts billed to the customer would be the same at the end of the project.
Proportional performance contracts typically contain a single service (e.g., management of a clinical study) and, therefore, no allocation of the contract price is required. Fee-for-service contracts are typically priced based on transaction volume. Since the volume of activities in a fee-for-service contract is unspecified, the contract price is entirely variable and is allocated to the time period in which it is earned. For contracts that include multiple distinct goods and services, CDD allocates the contract price to the goods and services based on a customer price list, if available. If a price list is not available, CDD will estimate the transaction price using either market prices or an “expected cost plus margin” approach.
CDD attempts to negotiate terms that provide for billing and payment of services prior or within close proximity to the provision of services, but this is not always possible. During an ongoing project, cash payments are not necessarily representative of aggregate revenue earned at any particular point in time because revenues are recognized when services are provided while amounts billed and paid are in accordance with the negotiated billing and payment terms.
In some cases, payments received are in excess of revenue recognized. For example, a contract invoicing schedule may provide for an upfront payment of 10% of the full contract value upon contract signing, but at the time of signing performance of services has not yet begun. Payments received in advance of services being provided are deferred as contract liabilities on the balance sheet. As the contracted services are subsequently performed and the associated revenue is recognized the contract liability balance is reduced by the amount of revenue recognized during the period.
In other cases, services may be provided and revenue recognized before the customer is invoiced. In these cases revenue recognized will exceed amounts billed, and the difference, representing a contract asset, is recorded for the amount that is currently not billable to the customer pursuant to contractual terms. Once the customer is invoiced the contract asset is reduced for the amount billed and a corresponding account receivable is recorded. All contract assets are billable to customers within one year from the respective balance sheet date.
Most contracts are terminable with or without cause by the customer, either immediately or upon notice. These contracts often require payment to CDD of expenses to wind-down the study or project, fees earned to date and, in some cases, a termination fee or a payment to CDD of some portion of the fees or profits that could have been earned by CDD under the contract if it had not been terminated early. Termination fees are included in net revenues when services are performed and realization is assured.
The full range of drug development services provided by CDD are as follows:
INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


Preclinical services include the sale of research models, fee-for-service activities such as bioanalytical testing services, and proportional performance activities such as toxicology studies. Revenue for sale of research models is recognized at a point in time, typically upon shipment, when control transfers to the customer. Revenue for bioanalytical testing services is recognized upon communication of results to the customer. Revenue for proportional performance activities, including toxicology studies, is recognized using an input-based measure of progress as expenses are incurred for the research models, labor hours, and other costs attributable to the study.
Through its central laboratory, CDD produces and supplies specimen collection kits that are utilized in clinical studies, and provides transportation, project management, data management, and laboratory testing services on an as-needed basis throughout the duration of its customers’ clinical studies. Revenue for central laboratory services is recognized using an output-based measure of progress based on volume of activities in each period. CDD also provides long-term specimen storage services, for which revenue is recognized using an input-based measure of progress based on costs incurred.
CDD provides clinical development and commercialization services, including clinical pharmacology services, full management of Phase II through IV clinical studies, and market access solutions. Revenue for clinical pharmacology services, which includes first-in-human trials, is recognized using an output-based measure of progress based on bed nights. Revenue for full service clinical studies is recognized using an input-based measure of progress based on costs incurred (including pass-through costs such as investigator grants and reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses). Revenue for market access solutions is recognized using various methods. Revenue for fee-for-service arrangements, such as reimbursement consulting hotlines and patient assistance programs, is recognized using an output method based on transaction volume which corresponds to the amount charged to the customer. For consulting services billed based on time and materials; revenue is recognized using the right to invoice practical expedient.
Contract costs
The CompanyCDD incurs sales commissions in the process of obtaining contracts with customers, which are recoverable through the service fees in the contract. Sales commissions that are payable upon contract award are recognized as assets and amortized over the expected contract term, along with related payroll tax expense. The amortization of commission expense is based on the weighted average contract duration for all commissionable awards in the respective business in which the commission expense is paid, which approximates the period over which goods and services are transferred to the customer. The amortization period of sales commissions ranges from approximately 12 months to 57 months, depending on the business. For businesses that enter into primarily short-term contracts, the Company applies the practical expedient which allows costs to obtain a contract to be expensed when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that would otherwise have been recognized is one year or less. Amortization of assets from sales commissions is included in selling, general, and administrative expense.
The CompanyCDD incurs costs to fulfill contracts with customers, which are recoverable through the service fees in the contract. Contract fulfillment costs include software implementation costs and setup costs for certain endpoint and market access solutions. These costs are recognized as assets and amortized over the expected term of the contract to which the implementation relates, which is the period over which services are expected to be provided to the customer. This period typically ranges from 24-60 months. Amortization of deferred contract fulfillment costs is included in cost of goods sold.
 June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Sales commission assets$27.4
 $24.2
Deferred contract fulfillment costs14.2
 12.9
Total$41.6
 $37.1
 September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Sales commission assets$22.8
 $24.0
Deferred contract fulfillment costs12.5
 1.7
Total$35.3
 $25.7

Amortization related to sales commission assets and associated payroll taxes for the three-month periods ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019, and 2018, was $5.1 and 2017, was $4.2 and $3.5,$4.4, respectively, and for the nine-monthsix-month periods ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019, and 2018, was $9.5 and 2017, was $12.8 and $10.6,$8.6, respectively. Amortization related to deferred contract fulfillment costs for the three-month periods ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019, and 2018, was $1.9 and 2017, was $0.8 and $0.1,$1.9, respectively, and was $3.8 and $2.5, respectively, for the nine-monthsix-month periods ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, and 2017, was $3.3 and $0.3, respectively.2018. Impairment expense related to contract costs was immaterial to the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The Company applies the practical expedient to not recognize the effect of financing in its contracts with customers, when the difference in timing of payment
Receivables, Unbilled Services and performance is one year or less.
Contract Assets and LiabilitiesUnearned Revenue
The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets (unbilled services),unbilled services, and contract liabilities (unearned revenue)unearned revenue (contract liabilities) from contracts with customers.customers for the CDD segment. Unbilled services are comprised primarily of unbilled receivables, but also include contract assets. A contract asset is recorded when a right to payment has been earned for work performed, but billing and payment for that work is determined by certain contractual milestones, whereas unbilled receivables are billable upon the passage of time. While CDD attempts to negotiate terms that provide for billing and payment of services prior or in close proximity to the provision of services, this is not always possible and there are fluctuations in the level of unbilled services and unearned revenue from period to period.
 June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Receivables, which are included in Accounts Receivable, net$735.4
 $693.6
Unbilled services491.5
 396.9
Unearned revenue402.2
 354.1

INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)




 September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Receivables, which are included in Accounts Receivable, net$665.7
 $694.4
Unbilled services322.6
 318.2
Unearned revenue286.2
 377.4
RevenueRevenues recognized during the period, thatwhich was included in the unearned revenue balance at the beginning of the period for the nine-month periodsix-month periods ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019, and June 30, 2018, was $144.8.$161.6 and $135.6, respectively. Bad debt expense on receivables for the nine-month periodsix-month periods ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019, and 2018, was immaterial to the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.
Performance Obligations Under Long-Term Contracts
Long-term contracts at the Company consist primarily of fully managed clinical studies within the CDD segment. The amount of existing performance obligations under such long-term contracts unsatisfied as of SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, was $4,199.6.$4,138.0. The Company expects to recognize approximately 39%34% of the remaining performance obligations as revenuerevenues over the next 12 months, and the balance thereafter.
The Company applied the practical expedient and does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less. The Company also did not disclose information about remaining performance obligations when the variable consideration was relatedCompany's long-term contracts generally range from 1 to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation within a series of obligations.8 years.
Within CDD, revenue of $10.9$48.4 and $20.5$(12.5) was recognized during the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019, and 2018, respectively, from performance obligations that were satisfied in previous periods. This revenue comes from adjustments related to changes in scope and estimates in full service clinical studies.
3.BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS
On September 1, 2017,June 3, 2019, the CompanyCompany's CDD segment completed the acquisition of Chiltern International Group Limited (Chiltern), a specialty CRO, pursuant to a definitive agreement to acquire allEnvigo's nonclinical contract research services business, expanding CDD's global nonclinical drug development capabilities with additional locations and resources. Envigo also completed the acquisition of the share capitalCovance Research Products (CRP) business, which was part of Chiltern, in an all-cash transaction valued at approximately $1,224.5.the CDD segment. The two companies will continue to collaborate through a multi-year, renewable supply agreement. The Company paid cash consideration of $601.0, received a floating rate secured note of $110.0, and recorded a loss on sale of CRP of $8.8. The Company funded the acquisitiontransaction through a combination of bank financing and the issuance of bonds. Chiltern is part of the Company's CDD segment.new term loan facility.
The finalpreliminary valuation of acquired assets and assumed liabilities as of September 1, 2017,June 3, 2019, include the following:
Consideration Transferred    
Cash consideration $1,224.5
 $601.0
Fair value of CRP 110.0
Total $711.0
  
   Preliminary
Net Assets Acquired    
Cash and cash equivalents $30.7
 $15.1
Accounts receivable 103.6
 16.5
Unbilled services 32.6
 26.5
Inventories 4.5
Prepaid expenses and other 57.9
 3.5
Property, plant and equipment 12.1
Property, plant and equipment (including ROU operating lease assets) 99.1
Deferred tax asset 25.5
Goodwill 735.9
 432.2
Customer relationships 602.0
 125.8
Trade names and trademarks 10.6
Technology 26.0
Trade name and trademarks 0.6
Other assets 9.9
Total assets acquired 1,612.3
 759.2
Accounts payable 45.1
 15.4
Accrued expenses and other 19.6
 11.6
Unearned revenue 124.2
 49.9
Deferred income taxes 196.5
Operating lease liabilities 15.0
Other liabilities 2.4
 66.3
Total liabilities acquired 387.8
 158.2
Net assets acquired $1,224.5
Net Envigo assets acquired 601.0
Floating rate secured note receivable due 2022 110.0
Total $711.0
The amortization periods for intangible assets acquired are 2111 years for customer relationships, 7 years for trade namesrelationships.
The Envigo transaction contributed $16.5 and trademarks,$0.7 of revenues and 9 years for technology.
Unaudited Pro Forma Information
The Company completedoperating income, respectively, during the Chiltern acquisition on September 1, 2017. Had the Chiltern acquisition been completed as of January 1, 2016, the Company's pro forma results would have been as follows:three and six months ended June 30, 2019.
INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)



 
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2017
 Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2017
Net revenues$2,747.3
 $8,086.6
Operating income313.2
 975.0
Net income158.1
 521.2
Earnings per share:   
   Basic$1.55
 $5.09
   Diluted$1.52
 $5.02

The unaudited pro forma results reflect certain adjustments relatedpurchase price allocation for the Envigo transaction is still preliminary and subject to past operating performancechange. The areas of the purchase price allocation that are not yet finalized relate primarily to intangible assets, goodwill, fixed assets and acquisition accounting adjustments, such as increased amortization expense and decreased depreciation expense based on the estimated fair value of assets acquired, the impact of the Company’s new financing arrangements, and the related tax effects. The pro forma results do not include any anticipated synergies whichfinalizing deferred taxes. Accordingly, adjustments may be achievable subsequent tomade as additional information is obtained about the Chiltern acquisition. To produce the unaudited pro forma financial information, the Company adjusted Chiltern’s assetsfacts and liabilities to their estimated fair value based on a valuationcircumstances that existed as of September 1, 2017. These pro forma results of operations have been prepared for comparative purposes only, and they do not purportthe valuation date. The Company expects these purchase price allocations to be indicativefinalized by the second quarter of the results of operations that actually would have resulted had the acquisition of Chiltern occurred on the date indicated or that may result2020. Any adjustments will be recorded in the future.period in which they are identified.
During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, the Company also acquired various businesses and related assets for approximately $79.1$117.7 in cash (net of cash acquired). The purchase consideration for all acquisitions year to date has been allocated to the estimated fair market value of the net assets acquired, including approximately $48.5$90.7 in identifiable intangible assets and a residual amount of non-tax deductible goodwill of approximately $49.5.$53.8. The amortization periods for intangible assets acquired from these businesses range from 11 to 15 years for customer relationships. These acquisitions were made primarily to extend the Company's geographic reach in important market areas, and/or enhance the Company's scientific differentiation.differentiation and to expand the breadth and scope of the Company's CRO services. The excess of the fair value of the consideration conveyed over the fair value of the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill.The goodwill reflects the Company's expectations to utilize the acquired businesses’ workforce and established relationships and the benefits of being able to leverage operational efficiencies with favorable growth opportunities in these markets.
On April 30, 2018,Additionally, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell the Food Solutions business, a global provider of innovative product design and product integrity services for end-user segments that span the global food supply chain, for an all-cash purchase price of $670.0. The Company believes that the opportunities for creating lasting value from its laboratory diagnostic business, the CRO business, and the enterprise-wide combination of the two. In addition, the Company concluded that, given the competitive dynamics of the food testing market, Food Solutions would be unlikely to achieve sufficient scale to be a top global business. The sale of Food Solutions allows the Company to focus on its primary growth opportunities and at the same time better positions Food Solutions to serve the global food supply industry. The transaction closed on August 1, 2018, and a net gain of $258.3 was recorded in Other, net in the consolidated statement of operations. Total assets and total liabilities held for sale for the Food Solutions business as of December 31, 2017, include the following:
  December 31, 2017
Assets:  
Cash and cash equivalents $0.1
Accounts receivable 24.4
Unbilled services 7.6
Supplies inventories 0.4
Prepaid expenses and other 1.2
Property, plant and equipment, net 42.3
Goodwill, net 170.5
Intangible assets, net 174.7
Other assets, net 0.3
Total assets held for sale $421.5
   
Liabilities:  
Accounts payable $2.4
Accrued expenses and other 15.2
Unearned revenue 2.6
Deferred income taxes and other tax liabilities 64.1
Other liabilities 2.2
Total liabilities held for sale $86.5
   
Net assets held for sale $335.0
The Company also divested its food solutions and forensic testing services business in the U.K. on August 7, 2018, resultingUnited Kingdom (U.K) and the U.S. in a loss of $48.9 recorded in Other, net in the consolidated statement of operations.
INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


Operating2018. Total operating income for the three divested businesses was $2.4$3.4 and $6.1,$5.4 for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018, (which includes divested operations through their respective disposal dates in early August) and $2.2 and $10.3, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.respectively.
4.  EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings including the impact of dilutive adjustments by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus potentially dilutive shares, as if they had been issued at the earlier of the date of issuance or the beginning of the period presented. Potentially dilutive common shares result primarily from the Company’s outstanding stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance share awards, and shares issuable upon conversion of zero-coupon subordinated notes.
The following represents a reconciliation of basic earnings per share to diluted earnings per share:
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
 Earnings Shares 
Per
Share
Amount
 Earnings Shares 
Per
Share
Amount
 Earnings Shares 
Per
Share
Amount
 Earnings Shares 
Per
Share
Amount
Basic earnings per share:                       
Net earnings$190.4
 98.1
 $1.94
 $233.8
 101.9
 $2.29
 $376.0
 98.4
 $3.82
 $407.0
 101.9
 $3.99
Dilutive effect of employee stock options and awards
 0.7
  
 
 1.0
  
 
 0.7
  
 
 1.3
  
Net earnings including impact of dilutive adjustments$190.4
 98.8
 $1.93
 $233.8
 103.0
 $2.27
 $376.0
 99.1
 $3.79
 $407.0
 103.3
 $3.94
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
 Earnings Shares 
Per
Share
Amount
 Earnings Shares 
Per
Share
Amount
 Earnings Shares 
Per
Share
Amount
 Earnings Shares 
Per
Share
Amount
Basic earnings per share:                       
Net earnings$318.8
 101.6
 $3.14
 $171.5
 102.2
 $1.68
 $725.8
 101.8
 $7.13
 $539.3
 102.4
 $5.27
Dilutive effect of employee stock options and awards
 1.0
  
 
 1.4
  
 
 1.2
  
 
 1.4
  
Effect of convertible debt
 0.1
  
 
 0.1
  
 
 0.1
  
 
 0.1
  
Diluted earnings per share: 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Net earnings including impact of dilutive adjustments$318.8
 102.7
 $3.10
 $171.5
 103.7
 $1.65
 $725.8
 $103.1
 $7.04
 $539.3
 $103.9
 $5.19

The following table summarizes the potential common shares not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their impact would have been antidilutive:
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
Stock options0.2
 0.1
 0.2
 0.1
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Stock options0.1
 0.1
 0.1
 0.1

5.  RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER SPECIAL CHARGES
During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, the Company recorded net restructuring and other special charges of $36.5: $13.2$34.2: $16.1 within LCD and $23.3$18.1 within CDD. The charges were comprised of $30.0$20.3 related to severance and other personnel costs and $8.8$13.5 in costs associated with facility closures, impairment of operating lease right-of-use assets and general integration initiatives. The charges were offsetincreased by the reversaladjustment of previously established reserves of $1.2 and $1.1$0.4 in unused facility reserves and unused severance reserves, respectively. The Company also recorded $5.3 in impairment to land held for sale which is included in amortization expense.
The Company incurred integration and other costs of $43.1 primarily relating to the Chiltern acquisition and the sale of the Food Solutions business. On July 16, 2018, the Company reported that it had detected suspicious activity on its information technology network and was taking steps to respond to and contain the activity. The activity was subsequently determined to be a new variant of ransomware affecting certain LCD information technology systems. As a direct result of the ransomware attack experienced during July, the Company incurred $12.6 in consulting fees and employee overtime during the recovery period following the attack. The Company also recorded $4.3 in consulting expenses relating to the Chiltern integration and management integration costs along with a special one-time bonus of $31.1 to its non-bonus eligible employees in recognition of the benefits the Company is receiving from the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA). In addition, the Company incurred $7.3 of non-capitalized costs associated with the implementation of a major system as part of its LaunchPad business process improvement initiative.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded net restructuring and other special charges of $64.6: $14.0 within LCD and $50.6 within CDD. The charges were comprised of $27.2 related to severance and other personnel costs along with $18.0 in costs associated with facility closures and general integration initiatives. The Company reversed previously established reserves of $1.4 in unused severance reserves and $0.1 in unused facility reserves. Also included in the net restructuring and other special charges is an impairment loss of $20.9 related to the termination of a software development project within the
INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)




CDD segment andDuring the forgiveness of certain indebtedness for LCD customers in areas heavily impacted by hurricanes duringsix months ended June 30, 2018, the third quarter.
The Company incurred legalrecorded net restructuring and other special charges of $26.5: $9.1 within LCD and $17.4 within CDD. The charges were comprised of $23.1 related to severance and other personnel costs, of $29.8 relating to the recently completed acquisitions. The Company also recorded $8.0$2.5 in consulting expenses relating to fees incurred as part of its integration and compensation analysis, along with $0.9 in short-term equity retention arrangements relating to the Covance Inc. acquisition. In addition, the Company incurred $8.2 of non-capitalized costs associated with the implementationfacility closures and general integration initiatives, and $2.3 in impairment to land held for sale. The Company reversed previously established reserves of a major system as part of LaunchPad (all recorded$0.9 and $0.5 in selling, generalunused facility reserves and administrative expenses).unused severance reserves, respectively.
The following represents the Company’s restructuring reserve activities for the period indicated:
 LCD CDD  
 
Severance and Other
Employee Costs
 

Facility Costs
 
Severance and Other
Employee Costs
 

Facility Costs
 Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018$2.1
 $7.4
 $6.5
 $27.6
 $43.6
Reclassification for ASC 842 adoption
 (5.7) 
 (27.1) (32.8)
Restructuring charges11.9
 1.0
 8.4
 1.7
 23.0
Adjustments to prior restructuring accruals(0.1) 
 0.5
 
 0.4
Impairment of operating lease right-of-use asset
 3.3
 
 7.5
 10.8
Cash payments and other adjustments(13.6) (3.1) (8.5) (7.2) (32.4)
Balance as of June 30, 2019$0.3
 $2.9
 $6.9
 $2.5
 $12.6
Current 
  
     $10.4
Non-current 
  
     2.2
  
  
     $12.6
 LCD CDD  
 
Severance and Other
Employee Costs
Lease and Other
Facility Costs
 
Severance and Other
Employee Costs
Lease and Other
Facility Costs
 Total
Balance as of December 31, 2017$1.7
$10.1
 $8.3
$34.6
 $54.7
Restructuring charges10.7
3.0
 19.3
5.8
 38.8
Reduction of prior restructuring accruals
(0.5) (1.2)(0.6) (2.3)
Cash payments and other adjustments(11.1)(5.3) (16.3)(10.4) (43.1)
Balance as of September 30, 2018$1.3
$7.3
 $10.1
$29.4
 $48.1
Current 
 
    $22.6
Non-current 
 
    25.5
  
 
    $48.1

6.  GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine-monththree-month period ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018, and for the year ended December 31, 2017,2019, are as follows:
 LCD CDD Total
Balance as of January 1, 2019$3,638.8
 $3,721.5
 $7,360.3
Goodwill acquired during the period22.3
 468.2
 490.5
Dispositions
 (12.6) (12.6)
Adjustments to goodwill1.9
 3.6
 5.5
Balance at June 30, 2019$3,663.0
 $4,180.7
 $7,843.7
 LCD CDD Total
 September 30,
2018
 December 31, 2017 September 30,
2018
 December 31, 2017 September 30,
2018
 December 31, 2017
Balance as of January 1$3,673.9
 $3,644.8
 $3,727.0
 $2,779.6
 $7,400.9
 $6,424.4
Goodwill acquired during the period3.9
 198.5
 45.6
 811.3
 49.5
 1,009.8
Reclassification of goodwill as held for sale
 (170.5) 
 
 
 (170.5)
Dispositions(24.1) 
 
 
 (24.1) 
Adjustments to goodwill(4.2) 1.1
 (59.4) 136.1
 (63.6) 137.2
Balance at end of period$3,649.5
 $3,673.9
 $3,713.2
 $3,727.0
 $7,362.7
 $7,400.9

 The components of identifiable intangible assets are as follows:
 June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 Net 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Customer relationships$4,307.9
 $(1,233.0) $3,074.9
 $4,119.4
 $(1,146.7) $2,972.7
Patents, licenses and technology452.3
 (224.1) 228.2
 447.3
 (211.2) 236.1
Non-compete agreements82.5
 (57.2) 25.3
 76.8
 (53.7) 23.1
Trade names407.7
 (202.9) 204.8
 404.0
 (189.1) 214.9
Land use right11.1
 (4.9) 6.2
 10.8
 (4.1) 6.7
Canadian licenses476.5
 
 476.5
 457.6
 
 457.6
 $5,738.0
 $(1,722.1) $4,015.9
 $5,515.9
 $(1,604.8) $3,911.1
 September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 Net 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Customer relationships$4,115.7
 $(1,106.5) $3,009.2
 $4,118.1
 $(992.8) $3,125.3
Patents, licenses and technology454.6
 (207.8) 246.8
 457.9
 (188.6) 269.3
Non-compete agreements75.8
 (53.0) 22.8
 75.8
 (48.3) 27.5
Trade names405.0
 (183.3) 221.7
 407.9
 (167.9) 240.0
Land use right10.8
 (3.7) 7.1
 10.8
 (2.5) 8.3
Canadian licenses483.3
 
 483.3
 495.7
 
 495.7
 $5,545.2
 $(1,554.3) $3,990.9
 $5,566.2
 $(1,400.1) $4,166.1

Amortization of intangible assets for the three-month periods ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019, and 2018, was $60.2 and 2017, was $54.7 and $54.6,$58.5, respectively and $175.5 and $153.6 for the nine-monthsix-month periods ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019, and 2018, was $117.3 and 2017.$120.8, respectively. Amortization expense for the net carrying amount of intangible assets is estimated to be $51.3$119.1 for the remainder of fiscal 2018, $222.5 in fiscal 2019, $214.4$232.0 in fiscal 2020, $208.1$225.2 in fiscal 2021, $202.5$219.3 in fiscal 2022, $215.6 in fiscal 2023 and $2,522.8$2,528.2 thereafter.

7. LEASES

The Company has operating and finance leases for patient service centers, laboratories and testing facilities, general office spaces, vehicles, and certain equipment. Leases have remaining lease terms of less than a year to 15 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 15 years.

INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)




The components of lease expense were as follows:
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Operating lease cost$59.9
 $110.8
  
  
Finance lease cost: 
  
Amortization of ROU assets$1.5
 $2.9
Interest on lease liabilities0.4
 1.2
Total finance lease cost$1.9
 $4.1

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: 
Operating cash flows from operating leases$(115.2)
Operating cash flows from finance leases(0.9)
Financing cash flows from finance leases(4.8)
  
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: 
Operating leases$43.7
Finance leases0.2

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:
 June 30, 2019
Operating Leases 
Operating lease ROU assets (included in Property, plant and equipment, net)$770.3
  
Short-term operating lease liabilities229.2
Operating lease liabilities586.1
Total operating lease liabilities$815.3
 June 30, 2019
Finance Leases 
Finance lease ROU assets (included in Other assets)$85.4
  
Short-term finance lease liabilities$8.2
Finance lease liabilities46.2
Total finance lease liabilities$54.4
  
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term 
Operating leases5.8
Finance leases6.5
  
Weighted Average Discount Rate 
Operating leases4.2%
Finance leases4.8%









INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019Operating Leases Finance Leases
    
2019$254.1
 $7.1
2020274.7
 13.8
2021174.6
 12.0
202269.3
 10.8
202345.1
 10.7
Thereafter153.1
 34.5
Total lease payments970.9
 88.9
Less imputed interest(155.6) (34.5)
Total$815.3
 $54.4

Rental expense for short term leases with a term less than one year for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, amounted to $2.6 and $5.9, respectively. The Company has variable lease payments that do not depend on a rate or index, primarily for purchase volume commitments, which are recorded as variable cost when incurred. Total variable payments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, were $4.7 and $9.2, respectively. As of June 30, 2019, the Company has entered into approximately 50 additional operating leases, primarily for patient service centers, that have not yet commenced and are not significant to the overall lease portfolio. These operating leases will commence later in 2019 with lease terms ranging from less than a year to 11 years.
The Company leases various facilities and equipment under non-cancelable lease arrangements. Future minimum rental commitments for leases with non-cancelable terms of one year or more at December 31, 2018, under Accounting Standards Codification 840 are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,Operating Leases Finance Leases
    
2019$191.1
 $8.6
2020145.4
 8.0
2021107.0
 6.7
202280.9
 6.0
202361.5
 6.5
Thereafter155.6
 23.1

Rental expense, which includes rent for real estate, equipment and automobiles under operating leases, amounted to $85.1 and $167.5, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019.
7.8.  DEBT
Short-term borrowings and the current portion of long-term debt at SeptemberJune 30, 20182019, and December 31, 20172018, consisted of the following:
 June 30,
2019
 December 31, 2018
Zero-coupon convertible subordinated notes$1.4
 $8.7
2.625% senior notes due 2020500.0
 
Debt issuance costs(1.0) (0.5)
Current portion of note payable1.9
 1.8
Total short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt$502.3
 $10.0











INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)

 September 30,
2018
 December 31, 2017
Zero-coupon convertible subordinated notes$8.6
 $8.8
2.50% senior notes due 2018400.0
 400.0
Debt issuance costs(0.6) (1.4)
Current portion of capital leases8.0
 8.3
Current portion of note payable1.8
 1.8
Total short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt$417.8
 $417.5

Long-term debt at SeptemberJune 30, 20182019, and December 31, 20172018, consisted of the following:
 June 30,
2019
 December 31, 2018
2.625% senior notes due 2020$
 $500.0
4.625% senior notes due 2020603.7
 596.9
3.20% senior notes due 2022500.0
 500.0
3.75% senior notes due 2022500.0
 500.0
4.00% senior notes due 2023300.0
 300.0
3.25% senior notes due 2024600.0
 600.0
3.60% senior notes due 20251,000.0
 1,000.0
3.60% senior notes due 2027600.0
 600.0
4.70% senior notes due 2045900.0
 900.0
Revolving credit facility35.0
 
2019 Term loan850.0
 
2017 Term loan277.0
 527.0
Debt issuance costs(37.1) (40.2)
Note payable6.4
 7.2
Total long-term debt$6,135.0
 $5,990.9
 September 30,
2018
 December 31, 2017
2.625% senior notes due 2020$500.0
 $500.0
4.625% senior notes due 2020599.5
 604.1
3.20% senior notes due 2022500.0
 500.0
3.75% senior notes due 2022500.0
 500.0
4.00% senior notes due 2023300.0
 300.0
3.25% senior notes due 2024600.0
 600.0
3.60% senior notes due 20251,000.0
 1,000.0
3.60% senior notes due 2027600.0
 600.0
4.70% senior notes due 2045900.0
 900.0
2014 Term loan
 72.0
2017 Term loan527.0
 750.0
Debt issuance costs(42.0) (48.2)
Capital leases52.6
 57.8
Note payable7.5
 8.9
Total long-term debt$6,044.6
 $6,344.6

Senior Notes
On August 22, 2017, the Company issued new senior notes representing $1,200.0 in debt securities and consisting of a $600.0 aggregate principal amount of 3.25% senior notes due 2024 and a $600.0 aggregate principal amount of 3.60% senior notes due 2027. Interest on these notes is payable semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year, commencing on March 1, 2018. Net proceeds from the offering of these notes were $1,190.1 after deducting underwriting discounts and other expenses of the offering. Net proceeds were used to pay off the 2.20% senior notes due August 23, 2017, as well as a portion of the cash consideration and the fees and expenses in connection with the Chiltern acquisition.
During the third quarter of 2013, the Company entered into two fixed-to-variable interest rate swap agreements for its 4.625% senior notes due 2020 with an aggregate notional amount of $600.0 and variable interest rates based on one-month LIBOR plus 2.298% to hedge against changes in the fair value of a portion of the Company's long-term debt. These derivative financial instruments are accounted for as fair value hedges of the senior notes due 2020. These interest rate swaps are included in other long-term assets or other long-term liabilities, as applicable, and added to or subtracted from the value of the senior notes, with an aggregate fair value asset of $0.5 (liability)3.7 at SeptemberJune 30, 20182019, and$4.1 (asset) at December 31, 2017.
During the first quarter of 2018, the Company entered into six USD to Swiss Franc cross-currency swap agreements with an aggregate notional value of $600.0 and which are accounted for as a hedge against its net investment in a Swiss subsidiary. Of the notional value, $300.0 matures in 2022 and $300.0 matures in 2025. The cross currency swaps maturing in 2022 and 2025 are included in other long-term assets with an aggregate fair value liability of $6.6 and $1.5, respectively, as of September 30, 2018. Changes in the fair value of the cross-currency swaps are charged or credited through accumulated other comprehensive income in the Consolidated Balance Sheet until the hedged item is recognized in earnings.$3.1 at December 31, 2018.
Zero-Coupon Subordinated Notes
On SeptemberMarch 11, 2018,2019, the Company announced that for the period from March 11, 2019, to September 11, 2018, to March 8,10, 2019, the zero-coupon subordinated notes will accrue contingent cash interest at a rate of no less than 0.125% of the average market price of a
INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


zero-coupon subordinated note for the five trading days ended September 7, 2018,August 27, 2019, in addition to the continued accrual of the original issue discount.
During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, the Company settled notices to convert $0.3$7.7 aggregate principal amount of its zero-coupon subordinated notes with a conversion value of $0.7.$14.5. The total cash used for these settlements was $0.3 and the Company also issued 0.0 shares of common stock.$7.3. As a result of these conversions, the Company also reversed deferred tax liabilities of $0.2.$1.7.
On OctoberJuly 1, 2018,2019, the Company announced that its zero-coupon subordinated notes may be converted into cash and common stock at the conversion rate of 13.4108 per $1,000.0 principal amount at maturity of the notes, subject to the terms of the zero-coupon subordinated notes and the Indenture, dated as of October 24, 2006, between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee and the conversion agent. In order to exercise the option to convert all or a portion of the zero-coupon subordinated notes, holders are required to validly surrender their zero-coupon subordinated notes at any time during the calendar quarter beginning OctoberJuly 1, 2018,2019, through the close of business on the last business day of the calendar quarter, which is 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on Monday, December 31, 2018.September 30, 2019. If notices of conversion are received, the Company plans to settle the cash portion of the conversion obligation with cash on hand and/or borrowings under theits revolving credit facility.
Credit Facilities
On June 3, 2019, the Company entered into a new $850.0 term loan facility in addition to its $750.02017 term loan facility.The 2019 term loan facility will mature on June 3, 2021. Proceeds of the 2019 term loan facility were used for general corporate purposes, including to repay approximately $250.0 of the 2017 term loan facility and in connection with the acquisition of Envigo's nonclinical research services business. This net change of $600.0 represents the only contractual obligation as of June 30, 2019, that materially changed from December 31, 2018.
The 2019 term loan facility accrues interest at a per annum rate equal toat the Company's election, either a LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 0.55% to 1.175%, or a base rate determined according to a prime rate or federal funds rate plus a margin ranging from 0.0% to 0.175%. The 2019 term loan balance at June 30, 2019, was $850.0. As of June 30, 2019, the effective interest rate on the 2019 term loan was 3.24%.
INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


On September 15, 2017, the Company entered into a new $750.0 term loan facility in addition to its then existing $1,000.0 term loan entered into in December 2014. The 2017 term loan facility will mature on September 15, 2022. The Company paid off the 2014 term loan balance at September 30, 2018, was $0.0 and at December 31, 2017, was $72.0. during the second quarter of 2018.
The 2017 term loan balance at September 30, 2018, was $527.0 and at December 31, 2017, was $750.0.
The 2014 term loan credit facility accrued interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the Company’s election, either a LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 1.125% to 2.00%, or a base rate determined according to a prime rate or federal funds rate plus a margin ranging from 0.125% to 1.00%. The 2017 term loan credit facility accrues interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the Company’sCompany's election, either a LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 0.875% to 1.50%, or a base rate determined according to a prime rate or federal funds rate plus a margin ranging from 0.0% to 0.50%. The Company paid off the 20142017 term loan during the second quarter of 2018.
balance at June 30, 2019, was $277.0 and at December 31, 2018, was $527.0. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, the effective interest rate on the 2017 term loan was 3.37%3.56%.
The Company entered into a senior unsecured revolving credit facility on December 21, 2011, which was amended and restated on December 19, 2014, further amended on July 13, 2016, and further amended and restated on September 15, 2017. The senior revolving credit facility consists of a five-year revolving facility in the principal amount of up to $1,000.0, with the option of increasing the facility by up to an additional $350.0, subject to the agreement of one or more new or existing lenders to provide such additional amounts and certain other customary conditions. The revolving credit facility also provides for a subfacility of up to $100.0 for swing line borrowings and a subfacility of up to $150.0 for issuances of letters of credit. The revolving credit facility is permitted to be used for general corporate purposes, including working capital, capital expenditures, funding of share repurchases and certain other payments, and acquisitions and other investments. The Company had $35.0 outstanding on its revolving credit facility at June 30, 2019, and no outstanding balance on the Company's revolving credit facility was $0.0 at September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017.2018.
Advances under the revolving credit facility will accrue interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the Company’s election, either a LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 0.775% to 1.25%, or a base rate determined according to a prime rate or federal funds rate plus a margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.25%. Fees are payable on outstanding letters of credit under the revolving credit facility at a per annum rate equal to the applicable margin for LIBOR loans, and the Company is required to pay a facility fee on the aggregate commitments under the revolving credit facility, at a per annum rate ranging from 0.10% to 0.25%.
The interest margin applicable to the term loan and credit facilities, and the facility fee and letter of credit fees payable under the revolving credit facility, are based on the Company’s senior credit ratings as determined by Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s.
Under the term loan facilities and the revolving credit facility, the Company is subject to negative covenants limiting subsidiary indebtedness and certain other covenants typical for investment grade-rated borrowers, and the Company is required to maintain certain leverage ratios. The Company was in compliance with all covenants in the term loan facilities and the revolving credit facility at SeptemberJune 30, 2018.2019. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, the ratio of total debt to consolidated proforma trailing 12 month EBITDA was 3.13.4 to 1.0.
As of June 30, 2019, the Company had provided letters of credit aggregating approximately $72.2, primarily in connection with certain insurance programs. The Company's availability of $892.8 at June 30, 2019, under its revolving credit facility is reduced by the amount of these letters of credit.

9. PREFERRED STOCK AND COMMON SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The Company is authorized to issue up to 265.0 shares of common stock, par value $0.10 per share. The Company’s treasury shares were recorded at aggregate cost and were retired during the second quarter of 2019. The Company is authorized to issue up to 30.0 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.10 per share. There were no preferred shares outstanding as of June 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018.
The changes in common shares issued and held in treasury are summarized below:
 Issued Held in Treasury Outstanding
Common shares at December 31, 2018122.4
 (23.5) 98.9
Common stock issued under employee stock plans1.0
 
 1.0
Surrender of restricted stock and performance share awards
 (0.1) (0.1)
Retirement of common stock(2.0) 
 (2.0)
Retirement of treasury stock(23.6) 23.6
 
Common shares at June 30, 201997.8
 
 97.8

 Share Repurchase Program
At the end of 2018, the Company had outstanding authorization from the board of directors to purchase up to $443.5 of Company common stock. During January 2019, the Company purchased 0.8 shares of its common stock at an average price of $131.71 for a total cost of $100.1 under this plan. On February 6, 2019, the board of directors replaced the Company's existing share repurchase plan with a new plan authorizing repurchase of up to $1.25 billion of the Company's common stock. The repurchase authorization
INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)




8. PREFERRED STOCK AND COMMON SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Thehas no expiration. During the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company is authorized to issue up to 265.0purchased 1.3 shares of its common stock par value $0.10 per share. The Company’s treasury shares are recorded at aggregate cost. The Company is authorized to issue up to 30.0 sharesan average price of preferred stock, par value $0.10 per share. There were no preferred shares outstanding as$159.13 for a total cost of September$199.9. As of June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017.
The changes in common shares issued and held in treasury are summarized below:
 Issued Held in Treasury Outstanding
Common shares at December 31, 2017125.1
 (23.2) 101.9
Common stock issued under employee stock plans1.5
 
 1.5
Surrender of restricted stock and performance share awards
 (0.3) (0.3)
Retirement of common stock(1.7) 
 (1.7)
Common shares at September 30, 2018124.9
 (23.5) 101.4
 Share Repurchase Program
At the end of 2017,2019, the Company had outstanding authorization from the board of directors to purchase up to $401.4$1.05 billion of Companythe Company's common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company purchased 1.7 shares of its common stock at a total cost of $300.0. On April 24, 2018, the board authorized an increase in the Company’s share repurchase program to a total of $1,000.0. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had outstanding authorization from the board of directors to purchase up to $843.5 of Company common stock. The repurchase authorization has no expiration.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Earnings
The components of accumulated other comprehensive earnings are as follows:
 
Foreign Currency
Translation
Adjustments
 
Net Benefit
Plan Adjustments
 
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Earnings (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2018$(389.8) $(73.3) $(463.1)
  Other comprehensive earnings before reclassifications47.2
 5.5
 52.7
  Tax effect of adjustments
 (1.5) (1.5)
Balance at June 30, 2019$(342.6) $(69.3) $(411.9)
 
Foreign Currency
Translation
Adjustments
 
Net Benefit
Plan Adjustments
 
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Earnings (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2017$(240.7) $(93.0) $(333.7)
  Other comprehensive earnings (loss) before reclassifications(82.2) 9.1
 (73.1)
  Tax effect of adjustments2.5
 (3.5) (1.0)
Balance at September 30, 2018$(320.4) $(87.4) $(407.8)

9.10.INCOME TAXES
The Company does not recognize a tax benefit unless the Company concludes that it is more likely than not that the benefit will be sustained on audit by the taxing authority based solely on the technical merits of the associated tax position. If the recognition threshold is met, the Company recognizes a tax benefit measured at the largest amount of the tax benefit that the Company believes is greater than 50% likely to be realized.
The gross unrecognized income tax benefits were $18.8$25.6 and $19.5$18.0 at SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, and December 31, 2017,2018, respectively. It is anticipated that the amount of the unrecognized income tax benefits will change within the next 12 months; however, these changes are not expected to have a significant impact on the results of operations, cash flows or the financial position of the Company.
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, and December 31, 2017, $18.82018, $25.6 and $19.5,$18.0, respectively, are the approximate amounts of gross unrecognized income tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective income tax rate in future periods.
The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized income tax benefits in income tax expense. Accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions totaled $8.6$10.3 and $7.9$8.7 as of SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, and December 31, 2017,2018, respectively.
The Company has substantially concluded all U.S. federal income tax matters for years through 2014. Substantially all material state and local, and foreign income tax matters have been concluded through 2013 and 2014, respectively.
During the quarter, the IRS concluded its examination of Covance's 2013 federal income tax return. The IRS has not initiated a new examination of any of the Company's federal income tax returns. The Canada Revenue Agency is currently examining the Company's Canadian subsidiaries' 2013, 2014, and 2015 tax returns. The Company has various state and foreign income tax examinations ongoing throughout the year. The Company believes adequate provisions have been recorded related to all open tax years.
INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


On December 22, 2017, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118), which provides companies with additional guidance on how to account for the TCJA in its financial statements, allowing companies to use a measurement period. At September 30, 2018, the Company had not completed the accounting for the tax effects of enactment of the TCJA; however, a reasonable estimate on the re-measurement of the Company's existing deferred tax balances, the deferred tax revaluation for unremitted foreign earnings, and the one-time repatriation tax has been made. For these items, in accordance with SAB 118, a provisional net benefit of $519.0 was recognized in the fourth quarter of 2017. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company continued its review and recorded net additional provisional expense of $28.1 in the quarter, for a year to date total of $44.1.
The TCJA includes provisions relating to global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI). Relevant to the current consolidated financial statements is the Company's selection of an accounting policy with respect to the new GILTI tax rules, and whether to account for GILTI as a periodic charge in the period it arises or to record deferred taxes associated with the basis in the Company's foreign subsidiaries. Due to the intricacy of this topic, the Company is still in the process of investigating the implications of accounting for the GILTI tax and intends to make an accounting policy decision once additional guidance is available for assessment. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded its estimated GILTI tax as a periodic charge.
10.11.COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company is involved from time to time in various claims and legal actions, including arbitrations, class actions, and other litigation (including those described in more detail below), arising in the ordinary course of business. Some of these actions involve claims that are substantial in amount. These matters include, but are not limited to, intellectual property disputes; commercial and contract disputes; professional liability;liability claims; employee-related matters; and inquiries, including subpoenas and other civil investigative demands, from governmental agencies, Medicare or Medicaid payers and MCOs reviewing billing practices or requesting comment on allegations of billing irregularities that are brought to their attention through billing audits or third parties. The Company receives civil investigative demands or other inquiries from various governmental bodies in the ordinary course of its business. Such inquiries can relate to the Company or other parties, including physicians and other healthcare providers (e.g., physician assistants and nurse practitioners, generally referred to herein as physicians).health care providers. The Company works cooperatively to respond to appropriate requests for information.
The Company also is named from time to time in suits brought under the qui tam provisions of the False Claims Act and comparable state laws. These suits typically allege that the Company has made false statements and/or certifications in connection with claims for payment from U.S. federal or state healthcare programs. The suits may remain under seal (hence, unknown to the Company) for some time while the government decides whether to intervene on behalf of the qui tam plaintiff. Such claims are an inevitable part of doing business in the healthcare field today.
INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


The Company believes that it is in compliance in all material respects with all statutes, regulations and other requirements applicable to its commercial laboratory operations and drug development support services. The healthcare diagnostics and drug development industries are, however, subject to extensive regulation, and the courts have not interpreted many of the applicable statutes and regulations. Therefore, the applicable statutes and regulations could be interpreted or applied by a prosecutorial, regulatory or judicial authority in a manner that would adversely affect the Company. Potential sanctions for violation of these statutes and regulations include significant civil and criminal penalties, fines, the loss of various licenses, certificates and authorizations, additional liabilities from third-party claims, and/or exclusion from participation in government programs.
Many of the current claims and legal actions against the Company are in preliminary stages, and many of these cases seek an indeterminate amount of damages. The Company records an aggregate legal reserve, which is determined using calculations based on historical loss rates and assessment of trends experienced in settlements and defense costs. In accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 450 “Contingencies,” the Company establishes reserves for judicial, regulatory, and arbitration matters outside the aggregate legal reserve if and when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and estimable and would exceed the aggregate legal reserve. When loss contingencies are not both probable and estimable, the Company does not establish separate reserves.
The Company is unable to estimate a range of reasonably probable loss for the proceedings described in more detail below in which damages either have not been specified or, in the Company's judgment, are unsupported and/or exaggerated and (i) the proceedings are in early stages; (ii) there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending appeals or motions; (iii) there are significant factual issues to be resolved; and/or (iv) there are novel legal issues to be presented. For these proceedings, however, the Company does not believe, based on currently available information, that the outcomes will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, though the outcomes could be material to the Company's operating results for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period.
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As previously reported, the Company responded to an October 2007 subpoena from the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Office of Inspector General's regional office in New York. On August 17, 2011, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York unsealed a False Claims Act lawsuit, United States of America ex rel. NPT Associates v. Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, which alleges that the Company offered UnitedHealthcare kickbacks in the form of discounts in return for Medicare business. The Plaintiff's Third Amended Complaint further alleges that the Company's billing practices violated the False Claims Acts of 14 states and the District of Columbia. The lawsuit seeks actual and treble damages and civil penalties for each alleged false claim, as well as recovery of costs, attorney's fees, and legal expenses. Neither the U.S. government nor any state government has intervened in the lawsuit. The Company's Motion to Dismiss was granted in October 2014 and Plaintiff was granted the right to replead. On January 11, 2016, Plaintiff filed a motion requesting leave to file an amended complaint under seal and to vacate the briefing schedule for the Company's Motion to Dismiss, while the government reviews the amended complaint. The Court granted the motion and vacated the briefing dates. Plaintiff then filed the Amended Complaint under seal. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.
In addition, the Company has received various other subpoenas since 2007 related to Medicaid billing. In October 2009, the Company received a subpoena from the State of Michigan Department of Attorney General seeking documents related to its billing to Michigan Medicaid. The Company cooperated with this request. In October 2013, the Company received a Civil Investigative Demand from the State of Texas Office of the Attorney General requesting documents related to its billing to Texas Medicaid. The Company cooperated with this request. On October 5, 2018, the Company received a second Civil Investigative Demand from the State of Texas Office of the Attorney General requesting documents related to its billing to Texas Medicaid. The Company is cooperating with this request.
On May 2, 2013, the Company was served with a False Claims Act lawsuit, State of Georgia ex rel. Hunter Laboratories, LLC and Chris Riedel v. Quest Diagnostics Incorporated, et al., filed in the State Court of Fulton County, Georgia. The lawsuit, filed by a competitor laboratory, alleges that the Company overcharged Georgia's Medicaid program. The State of Georgia filed a Notice of Declination on August 13, 2012, before the Company was served with the Complaint.complaint. The case was removed to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. The lawsuit seekssought actual and treble damages and civil penalties for each alleged false claim, as well as recovery of costs, attorney's fees, and legal expenses. On March 14, 2014, the Company's Motion to Dismiss was granted. The Plaintiffs repled their complaint, and the Company filed a Motion to Dismiss the First Amended Complaint. In May 2015, the Court dismissed the Plaintiffs' anti-kickback claim and remanded the remaining state law claims to the State Court of Fulton County. In July 2015, the Company filed a Motion to Dismiss these remaining claims. The Plaintiffs filed an opposition to the Company's Motion to Dismiss in August 2015. Also, the State of Georgia filed a brief as amicus curiae. TheIn May, 2019, the parties have reached a settlement in principle.settled the lawsuit.
On August 24, 2012, the Company was served with a putative class action lawsuit, Sandusky Wellness Center, LLC, et al. v. MEDTOX Scientific, Inc., et al., filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota. The lawsuit alleges that on or about February 21, 2012, the defendants violated the U.S. Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) by sending unsolicited facsimiles to Plaintiff and more than 39 other recipients without the recipients' prior express invitation or permission. The lawsuit seeks the greater of actual damages or the sum of $0.0005 for each violation, subject to trebling under the TCPA, and injunctive relief. In September of 2014, Plaintiff’s Motion for Class Certification was denied. In January of 2015, the Company's Motion for Summary Judgment on the remaining individual claim was granted. Plaintiff filed a notice of appeal. On May 3, 2016, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit issued its decision and order reversing the District Court's denial of class certification. The Eighth Circuit remanded the matter for further proceedings. On December 7, 2016, the District Court granted the Plaintiff’s renewed Motion for Class Certification. The parties have reached a settlement in principle, which will require Court approval.
On August 31, 2015, the Company was served with a putative class action lawsuit, Patty Davis v. Laboratory Corporation of America, et al., filed in the Circuit Court of the Thirteenth Judicial Circuit for Hillsborough County, Florida. The Complaintcomplaint alleges
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that the Company violated the Florida Consumer Collection Practices Act by billing patients who were collecting benefits under the Workers' Compensation Statutes. The lawsuit seeks injunctive relief and actual and statutory damages, as well as recovery of attorney's fees and legal expenses. In April 2017, the Circuit Court granted the Company’s Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings. The Plaintiff has appealed the Circuit Court’s ruling to the Florida Second District Court of Appeal. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.
In December 2014, the Company received a Civil Investigative Demand issued pursuant to the U.S. False Claims Act from the U.S. Attorney's Office for South Carolina, which requested information regarding alleged remuneration and services provided by the Company to physicians who also received draw and processing/handling fees from competitor laboratories Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc. (HDL) and Singulex, Inc. (Singulex). The Company cooperated with the request. On April 4, 2018, the U.S. District Court for the District of South Carolina, Beaufort Division, unsealed a False Claims Act lawsuit, United States of America ex rel. Scarlett Lutz, et al. v. Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, which alleges that the Company's financial relationships
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with referring physicians violate federal and state anti-kickback statutes. The Plaintiffs' Fourth Amended Complaint further alleges that the Company conspired with HDL and Singulex in violation of the Federal False Claims Act and the California and Illinois insurance fraud prevention acts by facilitating HDL's and Singulex's offers of illegal inducements to physicians and the referral of patients to HDL and Singulex for laboratory testing. The lawsuit seeks actual and treble damages and civil penalties for each alleged false claim, as well as recovery of costs, attorney's fees, and legal expenses. Neither the U.S. government nor any state government has intervened in the lawsuit. The Company will vigorously defendfiled a Motion to Dismiss seeking the lawsuit.
Prior todismissal of the Company's acquisition of Sequenom, Inc. (Sequenom) between August 15, 2016,claims asserted under the California and August 24, 2016, six putative class-action lawsuits were filedIllinois insurance fraud prevention statutes, the conspiracy claim, the reverse False Claims Act claim, and all claims based on behalf of purported Sequenom stockholders (captioned Malkoff v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02054- JAH-BLM, Gupta v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02084-JAH-KSC, Fruchter v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02101- WQH-KSC, Asiatrade Development Ltd. v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02113-AJB-JMA, Nunes v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02128-AJB-MDD, and Cusumano v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02134-LAB-JMA) in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California challenging the acquisition transaction. The complaints asserted claims against Sequenom and members of its Board of Directors (the Individual Defendants). The Nunes action also namedtheory that the Company and Savoy Acquisition Corp. (Savoy), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, as defendants. The complaints alleged that the defendants violated Sections 14(e), 14(d)(4) and 20 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 by failing to disclose certain allegedly material information. In addition, the complaints in the Malkoff action, Asiatrade action, and the Cusumano action alleged that the Individual Defendants breached their fiduciary duties to Sequenom shareholders. The actions sought, among other things, injunctive relief enjoining the merger.performed medically unnecessary testing. On August 30, 2016, the parties entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) in each of the above-referenced actions. On September 6, 2016,January 16, 2019, the Court entered an order consolidating for all pre-trial purposesgranting in part and denying in part the six individual actions described aboveMotion to Dismiss. The Court dismissed the Plaintiffs' claims based on the theory that the Company performed medically unnecessary testing, the claims asserted under the caption In re Sequenom, Inc. Shareholder Litig., Lead Case No. 16-cv-02054-JAH-BLM,California and designating the complaint from the Malkoff action as the operative complaint for the consolidated action. On November 11, 2016, two competing motions were filed by two separate stockholders (James Reilly and Shikha Gupta) seeking appointment as lead plaintiff under the terms of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. On June 7, 2017, the Court entered an order declaring Mr. Reilly as the lead plaintiff and approving Mr. Reilly's selection of lead counsel. The parties agree that the MOU has been terminated. The Plaintiffs filed a Consolidated Amended Class Action Complaint on July 24, 2017,Illinois insurance fraud prevention statutes, and the Defendants filed areverse False Claims Act claim. The Court denied the Motion to Dismiss which remains pending.as to the conspiracy claim. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.
On August 3, 2016, the Company was served with a putative class action lawsuit, Daniel L. Bloomquist v. Covance Inc., et al., filed in the Superior Court of California, County of San Diego. The Complaint alleges that Covance Inc. violated the California Labor Code and California Business & Professions Code by failing to provide overtime wages, failing to provide meal and rest periods, failing to pay for all hours worked, failing to pay for all wages owed upon termination, and failing to provide accurate itemized wage statements to Clinical Research Associates and Senior Clinical Research Associates employed by Covance in California. The lawsuit seeks monetary damages, civil penalties, injunctive relief, and recovery of attorney's fees and costs. On October 13, 2016, the case was removed to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California. On May 3, 2017, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California remanded the case back to the Superior Court. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.
Prior to the Company's acquisition of Sequenom, Inc. (Sequenom) between August 15, 2016, and August 24, 2016, six putative class-action lawsuits were filed on behalf of purported Sequenom stockholders (captioned Malkoff v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02054- JAH-BLM, Gupta v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02084-JAH-KSC, Fruchter v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02101- WQH-KSC, Asiatrade Development Ltd. v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02113-AJB-JMA, Nunes v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02128-AJB-MDD, and Cusumano v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02134-LAB-JMA) in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California challenging the acquisition transaction. The complaints asserted claims against Sequenom and members of its board of directors (the Individual Defendants). The Nunes action also named the Company and Savoy Acquisition Corp. (Savoy), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, as defendants. The complaints alleged that the defendants violated Sections 14(e), 14(d)(4) and 20 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 by failing to disclose certain allegedly material information. In addition, the complaints in the Malkoff action, Asiatrade action, and the Cusumano action alleged that the Individual Defendants breached their fiduciary duties to Sequenom shareholders. The actions sought, among other things, injunctive relief enjoining the merger. On February 7, 2017,August 30, 2016, the parties entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) in each of the above-referenced actions. On September 6, 2016, the Court entered an order consolidating for all pre-trial purposes the six individual actions described above under the caption In re Sequenom, received a subpoenaInc. Shareholder Litig., Lead Case No. 16-cv-02054-JAH-BLM, and designating the complaint from the SEC relating to an SEC investigation intoMalkoff action as the trading activityoperative complaint for the consolidated action. On November 11, 2016, two competing motions were filed by two separate stockholders (James Reilly and Shikha Gupta) seeking appointment as lead plaintiff under the terms of Sequenom shares in connection with the Company's July 2016 announcement regarding the Sequenom merger.Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. On MarchJune 7, 2017, the Company receivedCourt entered an order declaring Mr. Reilly as the lead plaintiff and approving Mr. Reilly's selection of lead counsel. The parties agree that the MOU has been terminated. The Plaintiffs filed a similar subpoena.Consolidated Amended Class Action Complaint on July 24, 2017, and the Defendants filed a Motion to Dismiss, which remains pending. On March 13, 2019, the Court stayed the action in its entirety pending the U.S. Supreme Court's anticipated decision in Emulex Corp. v. Varjabedian. On April 23, 2019, however, the U.S.
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Supreme Court dismissed the writ of certiorari in Emulex as improvidently granted. The Company is cooperating with these requests.will vigorously defend the lawsuit.
On March 10, 2017, the Company was served with a putative class action lawsuit, Victoria Bouffard, et al. v. Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, filed in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina. The complaint alleges that the Company's patient list prices unlawfully exceed the rates negotiated for the same services with private and public health insurers in violation of various state consumer protection laws. The lawsuit also alleges breach of implied contract or quasi-contract, unjust enrichment, and fraud. The lawsuit seeks statutory, exemplary, and punitive damages, injunctive relief, and recovery of attorney's fees and costs. In May 2017, the Company filed a Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs' Complaint and Strike Class Allegations; the Motion to Dismiss was granted in March 2018 without prejudice. On October 10, 2017, a second putative class action lawsuit, Sheryl Anderson, et al. v. Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina. The complaint contained similar allegations and sought similar relief to the Bouffard complaint, and added additional counts regarding state consumer protection laws. On August 10, 2018, the Plaintiffs filed an Amended Complaint, which consolidated the Bouffard and Anderson actions. On September 10, 2018, the Company filed a Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs’Plaintiffs' Amended Complaint and Strike Class Allegations, which remains pending. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuits.lawsuit.
On August 1, 2017, the Company was served with a putative class action lawsuit, Maria T. Gonzalez, et al. v. Examination Management Services, Inc. and Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California. The complaint alleges that the Company misclassified phlebotomists as independent contractors through an
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arrangement with the co-Defendant temporary staffing agency. The complaint further alleges that the Company violated the California Labor Code and California Business and Professions Code by failing to pay minimum wage, failing to pay for all hours worked, failing to pay for all wages owed upon termination, and failing to provide accurate itemized wage statements. The lawsuit seeks monetary damages, civil penalties, injunctive relief, and recovery of attorney's fees and costs. The parties have reached a tentative settlement subject to Court approval. A hearing on the settlement is scheduled for November 8, 2018.
On September 7, 2017, the Company was served with a putative class action lawsuit, John Sealock, et al. v. Covance Market Access Services, Inc., filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. The complaint allegesalleged that Covance Market Access Services, Inc. violated the Fair Labor Standards Act and New York labor laws by failing to provide overtime wages, failing to pay for all hours worked, and failing to provide accurate wage statements. The lawsuit seekssought monetary damages, civil penalties, injunctive relief, and recovery of attorney's fees and costs. In November 2017, the Company filed a Motion to Strike Class Allegations, which was denied. In December 2017, the Plaintiff filed a Motion for Conditional Certification of a Collective Action, which was granted in May 2018. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.
On November 6, 2017, Covance was served with two False Claims Act lawsuits, Health Choice Alliance, LLC on behalf of the United States of America, et al. v. Eli LillyIn December 2018, Plaintiff filed, and Company, Inc. et al., and Health Choice Advocates, LLC, on behalf of the United States of America v. Gilead Sciences, Inc., et al., both filed in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. The complaints allege that under the Federal False Claims Act and various state analogues Covance and the co-defendants unlawfully provided in-kind remuneration to medical providers in the form of reimbursement support services in order to induce providers to prescribe certain drugs. Neither the U.S. government nor any state government intervened in the lawsuits. The lawsuits seek actual and treble damages and civil penalties for each alleged false claim, as well as recovery of costs. The Company’s Motion to Dismiss was filed in both cases in February 2018. On July 23, 2018, Plaintiffs in the Gilead case filed a Motion for Voluntary Dismissal Without Prejudice which the Court granted, on July 27, 2018. On August 10, 2018,a second motion to conditionally certify an expanded class to a nationwide class action. This matter has been settled in principle and the Court in the Lilly case entered an Order granting in part and denying in part without prejudice the Defendants’ Motions to Dismiss. On September 12, 2018, Plaintiffs in the Lilly case filed a Second Amended Complaint, which included additional allegations related to the same conduct alleged in the previous complaint. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuits.
On March 6, 2018, the Company was served with a lawsuit arising under the California Labor Code Private Attorney General Act (LCPAGA), Agnes Austria and Josephine Hoelscher v. Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, et al., filed in the Superior Court of California, County of San Diego. Plaintiffs allege that they were improperly classified as exempt employees and, therefore, allege that they were not properly paid overtime compensation, meal and rest break premiums, did not receive compliant wage statements, and were not properly paid wages upon termination of employment. Plaintiffs assert these actions violate various Labor Code provisions and constitute an unfair competition practice under California law. The parties reached a settlement that was approved by the Court, by Order dated September 14, 2018.
On April 2, 2018, the Company was served with a putative class action lawsuit, Craig Cunningham, et al. v. Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings d/b/a LabCorp, filed in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina. The lawsuit alleges that the Company violated the TCPA by contacting Plaintiff at least twice on his cell phone without his prior consent using a prerecorded or artificial voice. The lawsuit seeks actual damages for each violation,is subject to trebling under the TCPA,judicial review and injunctive relief. The parties have reached a settlement in principle.approval.
On July 16, 2018, the Company reported that it had detected suspicious activity on its information technology network and was taking steps to respond to and contain the activity. The activity was subsequently determined to be a new variant of ransomware affecting certain LCD information technology systems. InAs part of its response, the Company took certain systems offline, which temporarily affected test processing and customer access to test results, and also affected certain other information technology systems involved in conducting Company-wide operations. To date,Operations were returned to normal within a few days of the incident. As part of its in-depth investigation into this incident, the Company engaged outside security experts and worked with authorities, including law enforcement. The investigation determined that the ransomware did not and could not transfer patient or client data outside of Company systems and that there was no theft or misuse of patient or client data. The Company cooperated with law enforcement and regulatory authorities with respect to the incident.
The Company has insurance coverage for costs resulting from cyber-attacks and has filed a claim for recovery of its losses resulting from this incident. However, disputes over the extent of insurance coverage for claims are not uncommon and the Company has not recognized any estimated proceeds resulting from this claim. Furthermore, while the Company has not been the subject of any legal proceedings involving this incident, but it is possible that the Company could be the subject of claims from persons alleging they suffered damages from the incident, or actions by governmental authorities. The Company cooperated with law enforcement and regulatory authorities with respect to the incident.
On September 10, 2018, the Company was served with a LCPAGALabor Code Private Attorneys General Act (LCPAGA) lawsuit, Terri Wilson v. Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, which was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. Plaintiff allegesalleged claims for failure to pay meal and rest break premiums, failure to provide compliant wage statements, failure to compensate employees for all hours worked, and failure to pay wages upon termination of employment. Plaintiff assertsasserted these actions violateviolated various California Labor Code provisions and constituteconstituted an unfair competition practice under California law. The lawsuit seekssought monetary damages, civil penalties, injunctive relief, and recovery of attorney's fees and costs. The Company will vigorously defendIn June, 2019, the parties settled the lawsuit.
On September 21, 2018, the Company was served with a putative class action lawsuit, Alma Haro v. Laboratory Corporation of America, et al., which was filed in the Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles. Plaintiff alleges that employees
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were not properly paid overtime compensation, minimum wages, meal and rest break premiums, did not receive compliant wage statements, and were not properly paid wages upon termination of employment. Plaintiff asserts these actions violate various California Labor Code provisions and constitute an unfair competition practice under California law. The lawsuit seeks monetary damages, civil penalties, and recovery of attorney's fees and costs. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.
On December 11, 2017,20, 2018, the American ClinicalCompany was served with a putative class action lawsuit, Feckley v. Covance Inc., et al., filed in the Superior Court of California, County of Orange. The complaint alleges that Covance Inc. violated the California Labor Code and California Business & Professions Code by failing to properly pay commissions to employees under a sales incentive
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compensation plan upon their termination of employment. The lawsuit seeks monetary damages, civil penalties, punitive damages, and recovery of attorney’s fees and costs. On January 22, 2018, the case was removed to the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.
On April 1, 2019, Covance Research Products was served with a Grand Jury Subpoena issued by the Department of Justice (DOJ) in Miami, Florida requiring the production of documents related to the importation into the United States of live non-human primate shipments originating from or transiting through China, Cambodia, and/or Vietnam from April 1, 2014 through March 28, 2019. The Company is cooperating with the DOJ.
On April 4, 2019, Tri-Cities Laboratory Association (ACLA)(a joint venture that was acquired as part of the Pathology Associates Medical Laboratories transaction in May 2017) was served with a subpoena issued by the DOJ in Newark, New Jersey requiring the production of documents related to test orders and payments to various third party companies and individuals. The Company cooperated with the DOJ.
On April 22, 2019, the Company was served with a putative class action lawsuit, Kawa Orthodontics LLP, et al. v. Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, et al., filed a lawsuit captioned ACLA v. Azar in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of ColumbiaFlorida. The lawsuit alleges that on or about February 6, 2019, the defendants violated the U.S. Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) by sending unsolicited facsimiles to challengePlaintiff and at least 40 other recipients without the methodology usedrecipients' prior express invitation or permission. The lawsuit seeks the greater of actual damages or the sum of $0.0005 for each violation, subject to trebling under the TCPA, and injunctive relief. The Company filed a motion to dismiss the case on May 28, 2019.  In response to the Motion to Dismiss, the Plaintiff filed an amended complaint, which contains additional allegations, including allegations related to another facsimile. The Company filed a Motion to Dismiss the amended complaint. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.
On May 14, 2019, Retrieval-Masters Creditors Bureau, Inc. d/b/a American Medical Collection Agency (AMCA), an external collection agency, notified the Company about a security incident AMCA experienced that may have involved certain personal information about some of the Company’s patients (the AMCA Incident). The Company referred patient balances to AMCA only when direct collection efforts were unsuccessful. The Company’s systems were not impacted by the Department of Health and Human Services in implementing certain aspectsAMCA Incident. Upon learning of the PAMA legislation. On September 21,AMCA Incident, the Company promptly stopped sending new collection requests to AMCA and stopped AMCA from continuing to work on any pending collection requests from the Company. AMCA informed the Company that it appeared that an unauthorized user had access to AMCA’s system between August 1, 2018 and March 30, 2019, and that AMCA could not rule out the court enteredpossibility that personal information on AMCA’s system was at risk during that time period. Information on AMCA’s affected system from the Company may have included name, address, and balance information for the patient and person responsible for payment, along with the patient’s phone number, date of birth, referring physician, and date of service. The Company was later informed by AMCA that health insurance information may have been included for some individuals, and because some insurance carriers utilize the Social Security Number as a Memorandum Opinion dismissingsubscriber identification number, the lawsuitSocial Security Number for lacksome individuals may also have been affected. No ordered tests, laboratory test results, or diagnostic information from the Company were in the AMCA affected system. The Company notified individuals for whom it had a valid mailing address. For the individuals whose Social Security Number was affected, the notice included an offer to enroll in credit monitoring and identity protection services that will be provided free of subject matter jurisdiction. On October 19, 2018, ACLAcharge for 24 months.
Eighteen putative class action lawsuits were filed against the Company related to the AMCA Incident. Numerous similar lawsuits have been filed against other health care providers who used AMCA. The lawsuits against the Company were filed in various United States District Courts. The lawsuits generally allege that the Company did not adequately protect its patients’ data, and assert various causes of action, including but not limited to negligence, breach of implied contract, unjust enrichment, and the violation of state data protection statutes. The lawsuits seek damages on behalf of a class of all affected Company consumers. The attorneys for certain of the Plaintiffs filed a motion with the Judicial Panel on Multi-District Litigation (JPML) seeking to have all cases related to the AMCA Incident consolidated for pre-trial proceedings in a multi-district litigation. The JPML ordered the transfer of the cases to the District of New Jersey. The Company will vigorously defend the multi-district litigation.
Certain governmental entities and individuals have requested information from the Company related to the AMCA Incident. The Company has received requests for information from United States Senators Robert Menendez and Cory A. Booker and from the Attorneys General of Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Florida, New York, and Indiana. The request from Indiana includes a Civil Investigative Demand, which requests certain documents from the Company. The Company also provided notice of appealthe AMCA Incident to state and federal regulators where appropriate. The Company is cooperating with respect tothese requests.
On June 10, 2019, the Company was served with a class action lawsuit, Ignacio v. Laboratory Corporation of America, filed in Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Los Angeles. Plaintiff alleges that order.non-exempt employees based in California were not properly paid overtime compensation, minimum wages, meal and rest break premiums, were not indemnified for business expenses, did not receive compliant wage statements, and were not properly paid wages upon termination of
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employment. Plaintiff asserts these actions violate various California Labor Code provisions and constitute an unfair competition practice under California law. The lawsuit seeks monetary damages, liquidated damages, injunctive relief, and recovery of attorney's fees and costs. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.
On June 26, 2019, a class action lawsuit, Jan v. Laboratory Corporation of America, was filed in the Superior Court for the State of California for the County of Sacramento. Plaintiff alleges that non-exempt employees based in California were not properly paid meal and rest break premiums, did not receive compliant wage statements, and were not properly paid wages upon termination of employment. Plaintiff asserts these actions violate various California Labor Code provisions and constitute an unfair competition practice under California law. The lawsuit seeks monetary damages, liquidated damages, injunctive relief, and recovery of attorney's fees and costs. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.
On July 1, 2019, a class action lawsuit, Mitchell v. Covance, Inc. et al., was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Plaintiff alleges that certain individuals employed by Covance Inc. and Chiltern International Inc. were misclassified as exempt employees under the Fair Labor Standards Act and the Pennsylvania Minimum Wage Act and were thereby not properly paid overtime compensation. The lawsuit seeks monetary damages, liquidated damages, and recovery of attorneys’ fees and costs. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.
Under the Company's present insurance programs, coverage is obtained for catastrophic exposure as well as those risks required to be insured by law or contract. The Company is responsible for the uninsured portion of losses related primarily to general, professional and vehicle liability, certain medical costs and workers' compensation. The self-insured retentions are on a per-occurrence basis without any aggregate annual limit. Provisions for losses expected under these programs are recorded based upon the Company's estimates of the aggregated liability of claims incurred. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had provided letters of credit aggregating approximately $72.2, primarily in connection with certain insurance programs. The Company's availability under its revolving credit facility is reduced by the amount of these letters of credit.
11.12.     PENSION AND POST-RETIREMENT PLANS
The Company’sCompany has two defined contribution retirement planplans (401K Plan) coversPlans) which cover substantially all legacy LabCorpU.S. employees. All employees eligible for the LabCorp 401K Plan receive a minimum 3% non-elective contribution concurrent with each payroll period. The 401K Plan also permits discretionary contributions by the Company of up to 1% and up to 3% of pay for eligible employees based on years of service with the Company. The cost of this plan was $17.3$12.9 and $14.9$15.8 for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, and 2017,2018, respectively, and was $49.1$37.1 and $43.6 during$31.8 for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, and 2017, respectively. As a result of the Covance acquisition, the Company also incurred expense of $16.3 and $14.0 for the Covance 401K plan during the three months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively, and $51.6 and $42.6 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively. All of the Covance U.S. employees, excludingincluding legacy Chiltern employees, are eligible to participate in the Covance 401K plan, which features a maximum 4.5% Company match, based upon a percentage of the employee’s contributions. Chiltern employees arewere previously eligible to participate in the Chiltern 401K plan, which featuresfeatured a maximum 3.0% Company match, based upon a percentage of the employee's contributions. The Chiltern 401K plan merged into the Covance Plan effective January, 7, 2019. The Company incurred expense of $17.9 and $16.5 for the Covance 401K plan during the three months ended June 30, 2019, and 2018, respectively, and $37.8 and $35.3 during the six months ended June 30, 2019, and 2018, respectively. The Company also maintains several other immaterial 401K plans associated with companies acquired over the last several years.
The Company also maintains a frozen defined benefit retirement plan (Company Plan), which as of December 31, 2009, covered substantially all employees. The benefits to be paid under the Company Plan are based on years of credited service through December 31, 2009, and ongoing interest credits. Effective January 1, 2010, the Company Plan was closed to new participants. The Company’s policy is to fund the Company Plan with at least the minimum amount required by applicable regulations.
The Company maintains a second, unfunded, non-contributory, non-qualified defined benefit retirement plan (PEP), which as of December 31, 2009, covered substantially all of its senior management group. The PEP supplements the Company Plan and was closed to new participants effective January 1, 2010.
The effect on operations for the Company Plan and the PEP is summarized as follows:
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
Service cost for administrative expenses$1.0
 $1.2
 $2.0
 $2.6
Interest cost on benefit obligation3.5
 3.2
 7.0
 6.5
Expected return on plan assets(3.8) (4.1) (7.6) (8.2)
Net amortization and deferral2.6
 3.1
 5.2
 5.9
Defined benefit plan costs$3.3
 $3.4
 $6.6
 $6.8

 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Service cost for administrative expenses$1.3
 $1.4
 $3.9
 $4.2
Interest cost on benefit obligation3.3
 3.6
 9.8
 10.8
Expected return on plan assets(4.1) (4.1) (12.3) (12.3)
Net amortization and deferral2.9
 2.8
 8.8
 8.3
Defined benefit plan costs$3.4
 $3.7
 $10.2
 $11.0
During the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019, the Company contributed $25.3 and $27.1, respectively,made no contributions to the Company Plan.
As a result of the Covance acquisition, the Company also has a frozen non-qualified Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP). The SERP, which is not funded, is intended to provide retirement benefits for certain executive officers of the Company who were formerly employees of Covance. Benefit amounts are based upon years of service and compensation of the participating employees. The components of the net periodicsponsors two defined benefit pension costplans for the threebenefit of its employees at two U.K. subsidiaries (U.K. Plans) and nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017, are as follows:one defined benefit pension plan for the benefit of its employees at a German subsidiary
INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)




 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Interest cost$0.1
 $0.1
 $0.1
 $0.2
Settlement gain
 (0.1) 
 (0.3)
Net periodic pension cost$0.1
 $
 $0.1
 $(0.1)
The Company has assumed the obligations under a subsidiary’s post-retirement medical plan. Coverage under this plan is restricted to a limited number of employees/retirees of the subsidiary. The Company funds the plan through monthly contributions to a Health Reimbursement Arrangement, which can be used by eligible participants to purchase health care insurance through insurance exchanges. Effective January 1, 2017, Health Reimbursement Arrangement contributions for Medicare eligible participants ceased. The effect on operations of the post-retirement medical plan is shown in the following table:
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Interest cost on benefit obligation$0.1
 $0.1
 0.2
 0.3
Net amortization and deferral(0.4) (1.7) (1.0) (5.1)
Post-retirement medical plan benefits$(0.3) $(1.6) $(0.8) $(4.8)
Also as a result of the Covance acquisition, the Company sponsors a post-employment retiree health and welfare plan for the benefit of eligible retirees at certain U.S. subsidiaries who retire after satisfying service and age requirements. Effective January 1, 2017, this plan ceased directly providing medical, prescription drug and dental coverage options previously available to eligible participants. Instead, the Company will fund the plan through monthly contributions to a Health Reimbursement Arrangement, which can be used by non-Medicare eligible participants to purchase health care insurance through insurance exchanges. The net periodic post-retirement benefit cost for the three months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017, was $(0.1) and $0.5, respectively, and was $(0.3) and $1.5 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
As a result of the Covance acquisition, the Company sponsors two defined benefit pension plans for the benefit of its employees at two U.K. subsidiaries and one defined benefit pension plan for the benefit of its employees at a (German subsidiary,Plan), all of which are legacy plans of previously acquired companies. Benefit amounts for all three plans are based upon years of service and compensation. The German plan is unfunded while the U.K. pension plans are funded. The Company’s funding policy has been to contribute annually amounts at least equal to the local statutory funding requirements.
 U.K. Plans
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Service cost for administrative expenses$0.9
 $1.0
 $2.7
 $2.8
Interest cost on benefit obligation1.8
 1.9
 5.7
 5.6
Expected return on plan assets(3.1) (2.9) (9.7) (8.5)
Net (gain) from prior periods
 0.2
 
 0.5
Defined benefit plan costs$(0.4) $0.2
 $(1.3) $0.4
        
Assumptions used to determine defined benefit plan cost       
Discount rate2.5% 2.7% 2.5% 2.7%
Expected return on assets4.5% 4.7% 4.5% 4.7%
Salary increases3.6% 3.8% 3.6% 3.8%
 U.K. Plans
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
Service cost for administrative expenses$0.8
 $0.9
 $1.6
 $1.8
Interest cost on benefit obligation1.9
 1.9
 3.8
 3.8
Expected return on plan assets(2.8) (3.2) (5.7) (6.5)
Defined benefit plan costs$(0.1) $(0.4) $(0.3) $(0.9)
German PlanU.K. Plans
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018 2019 2018
Service cost for administrative expenses$0.3
 $0.3
 $0.9
 $0.8
Interest cost on benefit obligation0.1
 0.1
 0.5
 0.4
Defined benefit plan costs$0.4
 $0.4
 $1.4
 $1.2
       
Assumptions used to determine defined benefit plan cost              
Discount rate1.7% 1.7% 1.7% 1.7%2.9% 2.5% 2.9% 2.5%
Expected return on assetsN/A
 N/A
 N/A
 N/A
4.5% 4.5% 4.5% 4.5%
Salary increases2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0%3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6%

 German Plan
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
Service cost for administrative expenses$0.3
 $0.3
 $0.6
 $0.6
Interest cost on benefit obligation0.2
 0.2
 0.3
 0.3
Defined benefit plan costs$0.5
 $0.5
 $0.9
 $0.9
        
Assumptions used to determine defined benefit plan cost       
Discount rate1.9% 1.7% 1.9% 1.7%
Expected return on assetsN/A
 N/A
 N/A
 N/A
Salary increases2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0%

As a result of the Envigo acquisition, the Company assumed a defined benefit pension plan for the benefit of Envigo's U.K. employees (the Envigo plan), which is a legacy plan of a company previously acquired by Envigo. The Envigo plan is a funded plan that is closed to future accrual. The related net pension obligation of $56.8, based on the preliminary valuation of acquired assets and assumed liabilities, is reported under Other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2019. The Company’s funding policy has been to make annual contributions to the plan of amounts that are at least equal to the local statutory funding requirements.
13.FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company’s population of financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements as of June 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, is as follows:
     Fair Value Measurements as of
   
Fair Value
as of
 June 30, 2019
 Balance Sheet  Using Fair Value Hierarchy
 Classification June 30, 2019 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Noncontrolling interest putNoncontrolling interest $15.7
 $
 $15.7
 $
Cross currency swap assetOther assets, net 1.2
 
 1.2
 
Interest rate swapOther assets, net 3.7
 
 3.7
 
Cash surrender value of life insurance policiesOther assets, net 75.3
 
 75.3
 
Deferred compensation liabilityOther liabilities 74.3
 
 74.3
 
Contingent considerationOther liabilities 20.1
 
 
 20.1
Investment in equity securitiesPrepaid expenses and other 29.8
 29.8
 
 
INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)



12.FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company’s population of financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements as of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, is as follows:
     Fair Value Measurements as of
   
Fair Value
as of
 December 31, 2018
 Balance Sheet  Using Fair Value Hierarchy
 Classification December 31, 2018 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Noncontrolling interest putNoncontrolling interest $15.0
 $
 $15.0
 $
Cross currency swap liabilityOther liabilities 2.8
 
 2.8
 
Interest rate swapOther liabilities 3.1
 
 3.1
 
Cash surrender value of life insurance policiesOther assets, net 63.5
 
 63.5
 
Deferred compensation liabilityOther liabilities 64.2
 
 64.2
 
Contingent considerationOther liabilities 18.6
 
 
 18.6
     Fair Value Measurements as of
   
Fair Value
as of
 September 30, 2018
 Balance Sheet  Using Fair Value Hierarchy
 Classification September 30, 2018 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Noncontrolling interest putNoncontrolling interest $15.9
 $
 $15.9
 $
Interest rate swapOther liabilities 0.5
 
 0.5
 
Cross currency swap assetOther assets, net 8.1
 
 8.1
 
Cash surrender value of life insurance policiesOther assets, net 69.7
 
 69.7
 
Deferred compensation liabilityOther liabilities 71.1
 
 71.1
 
Contingent considerationOther liabilities 16.5
 
 
 16.5
Fair Value Measurement of Level 3 Assets Contingent Consideration
Balance at December 31, 2018 18.6
Addition 1.5
Balance at June 30, 2019 $20.1
     Fair Value Measurements as of
   
Fair Value
as of
 December 31, 2017
 Balance Sheet  Using Fair Value Hierarchy
 Classification December 31, 2017 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Noncontrolling interest putNoncontrolling interest $16.3
 $
 $16.3
 $
Interest rate swapOther assets, net 4.1
 
 4.1
 
Cash surrender value of life insurance policiesOther assets, net 64.0
 
 64.0
 
Deferred compensation liabilityOther liabilities 64.5
 
 64.5
 
Contingent considerationOther liabilities 16.5
 
 
 16.5

The Company has a noncontrolling interest put related to its Ontario subsidiary that has been classified as mezzanine equity in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The noncontrolling interest put is valued at its contractually determined value, which approximates fair value.
The Company offers certain employees the opportunity to participate in an employee-funded deferred compensation plan (DCP). A participant's deferrals are allocated by the participant to one or more of 22 measurement funds, which are indexed to externally managed funds. From time to time, to offset the cost of the growth in the participant's investment accounts, the Company purchases life insurance policies, with the Company named as beneficiary of the policies. Changes in the cash surrender value of these policies are based upon earnings and changes in the value of the underlying investments, which are typically invested in a manner similar to the participants' allocations. Changes in the fair value of the DCP obligation are derived using quoted prices in active markets based on the market price per unit multiplied by the number of units. The cash surrender value and the DCP obligations are classified within Level 2 because their inputs are derived principally from observable market data by correlation to the hypothetical investments.
The Company has contingent accrued earn-out business acquisition consideration liabilities which were recorded at fair value on the acquisition date and are remeasured quarterly based on the then assessed fair value and adjusted if necessary. The increases or decreases in the fair value of contingent consideration payable can result from changes in anticipated revenue levels and changes in assumed discount periods and rates. As the fair value measure is based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market, they are categorized as Level 3.
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, income taxes receivable, and accounts payable are considered to be representative of their respective fair values due to their short-term nature. The fair market value of the zero-coupon subordinated notes, based on market pricing, was approximately $20.31.8 and $18.816.9 as of SeptemberJune 30, 20182019, and December 31, 20172018, respectively. The fair market value of all of the senior notes, based on market pricing, was approximately $5,904.85,658.5 and $6,078.95,318.0 as of SeptemberJune 30, 20182019, and December 31, 20172018, respectively. The fair market value of the floating rate secured note due 2022 received for the sale of CRP was $110.0 as of June 30, 2019. The effective interest rate on the floating rate secured note receivable was 7.79% as of June 30, 2019. The Company's note and debt instruments are classified as Level 2 instruments, as the fair market values of these instruments are determined using other observable inputs.
13.14.DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
The Company addresses its exposure to market risks, principally the market risk associated with changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates, through a controlled program of risk management that includes, from time to time, the use of derivative financial instruments such as interest rate and cross currency swap agreements (see Interest Rate Swap and Cross
INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


Currency Swap sections below). Although the Company’s zero-coupon subordinated notes contain features that are considered to be embedded derivative instruments (see Embedded Derivatives Related to the Zero-Coupon Subordinated Notes section below), the Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. The derivative financial instrument contracts are with major investment grade financial institutions and the Company does not anticipate any material non-performance by any of the counterparties. The Company does not believe that its exposure to market risk is material to the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


Interest Rate Swap
The Company is party to two fixed-to-variable interest rate swap agreements for its 4.625% senior notes due 2020 with an aggregate notional amount of $600.0 and variable interest rates based on one-month LIBOR plus 2.298% to hedge against changes in the fair value of a portion of the Company's long term debt. These derivative financial instruments are accounted for as fair value hedges of the senior notes due 2020. These interest rate swaps are included in other long-term assets or other long-term liabilities, as applicable, and added to or subtracted from the value of the senior notes, with an aggregate fair value of $0.5$3.7 (asset) and $3.1 (liability) and $4.1 (asset) at SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, and December 31, 2017,2018, respectively. As the specific terms and notional amounts of the derivative financial instruments match those of the fixed-rate debt being hedged, the derivative instruments are assumed to be perfectly effective hedges and accordingly, there is no impact to the Company's consolidated statementsCondensed Consolidated Statements of operations.Operations.
  Carrying amount of hedged liabilities as of Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Liabilities as of
  June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Balance Sheet Line Item in which Hedged Items are Included
Long-term debt, less current portion $603.7
 $597.0
 $3.7
 $(3.1)

Cross Currency Swap
During the firstfourth quarter of 2018, the Company entered into six USDU.S. Dollar to Swiss Franc cross-currency swap agreements with an aggregate notional value of $600.0 and which are accounted for as a hedge against its net investment in a Swiss subsidiary. Of the notional value, $300.0 matures in 2022 and $300.0 matures in 2025. These cross currency swaps maturing in 2022 and 2025 are included in other long-term assets with an aggregate fair value of $6.6$0.3 and $1.5,$0.9, respectively, as of SeptemberJune 30, 2019 and are included in other long-term liabilities with an aggregate fair value of $1.0 and $1.8, respectively, as of December 31, 2018. Changes in the fair value of the cross-currency swaps are charged or credited through accumulated other comprehensive income in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The cumulative amount of the fair value hedging adjustment included in the current value of the cross currency swaps is $(16.1)$(7.8) and $8.1$4.0, respectively, for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018, respectively,2019, and was recognized as currency translation within the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Earnings. There were no amounts reclassified from the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Earnings to the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations during the three or nine months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019.
The table below presents the fair value of derivatives on a gross basis and the balance sheet classification of those instruments:
   June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
   Fair Value of Derivative Fair Value of Derivative
 
Balance Sheet
Caption
 Asset Liability U.S. Dollar Notional Asset Liability U.S. Dollar Notional
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments    
Interest rate swapOther assets, net or Other liabilities $3.7
 $
 $600.0
 $
 $(3.1) $600.0
Cross currency swapsOther assets, net or Other liabilities $1.2
 $
 $600.0
 $
 $(2.8) $600.0

The table below provides information regarding the location and amount of pretax (gains) losses of derivatives designated in fair value hedging relationships:
  Amount of pre-tax gain/(loss) included in other comprehensive income 
Amounts reclassified to the
Statement of Operations
 Amount of pre-tax gain/(loss) included in other comprehensive income Amounts reclassified to the
Statement of Operations
  Three Months Ended June 30, Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
  2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018
Interest rate swap contracts $4.3
 $(10.0) $
 $
 $6.8
 $(9.7) $
 $
Cross currency swaps $(7.8) $(24.3) $
 $
 $4.0
 $(24.2) $
 $

No gains or losses from derivative instruments classified as hedging instruments have been recognized into income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.
INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


Embedded Derivatives Related to the Zero-Coupon Subordinated Notes
The Company’s zero-coupon subordinated notes contain the following two features that are considered to be embedded derivative instruments under authoritative guidance in connection with accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities:
1)The Company will pay contingent cash interest on the zero-coupon subordinated notes after September 11, 2006, if the average market price of the notes equals 120% or more of the sum of the issue price, accrued original issue discount and contingent additional principal, if any, for a specified measurement period.
2)Holders may surrender zero-coupon subordinated notes for conversion during any period in which the rating assigned to the zero-coupon subordinated notes by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services is BB- or lower.
The Company believes these embedded derivatives had no fair value at SeptemberJune 30, 20182019, and December 31, 20172018. These embedded derivatives also had no impact on the condensed consolidated statementsCondensed Consolidated Statements of operationsOperations for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019, and 2017, respectively.2018.
Other Derivative Instruments
The Company periodically enters into foreign currency forward contracts, which are recognized as assets or liabilities at their fair value. These contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting and the changes in fair value are recorded directly to earnings. The contracts are short-term in nature and the fair value of these contracts is based on market prices for comparable contracts. The fair value of these contracts is not significant as of SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, and December 31, 2017.







INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


14.SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2018 2017
Supplemental schedule of cash flow information:   
Cash paid during period for:   
Interest$276.3
 $174.4
Income taxes, net of refunds235.0
 263.7
Disclosure of non-cash financing and investing activities: 
  
Conversion of zero-coupon convertible debt0.3
 13.7
Assets acquired under capital leases
 7.3
Increase (decrease) in accrued property, plant and equipment6.9
 (0.4)
2018.
15.SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018
Supplemental schedule of cash flow information:   
Cash paid during period for:   
Interest$123.8
 $188.2
Income taxes, net of refunds119.6
 148.6
Disclosure of non-cash financing and investing activities: 
  
Conversion of zero-coupon convertible debt7.2
 
Change in accrued property, plant and equipment(12.5) 4.8
Floating rate secured note receivable due 2022 from the sale of CRP110.0
 

16.BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
The following table is a summary of segment information for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, and 2017.2018. The management approach has been used to present the following segment information. This approach is based upon the way the management of the Company organizes its business unit operations for making operating decisions and assessing performance. Financial information is reported on the basis that it is used internally by the chief operating decision maker (CODM) for evaluating segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources to segments. The Company’s chief executive officer has been identified as the CODM.
Segment asset information is not presented because it is not used by the CODM at the segment level. Operating earnings of each segment represents net revenues less directly identifiable expenses to arrive at operating income for the segment. General management and administrative corporate expenses are included in general corporate expenses below. The table below represents information about the Company’s reporting segments for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, and 2017:2018:
INDEX
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)

 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
 September 30, September 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Revenues:
LCD$1,752.0
 $1,754.7
 $5,336.3
 $5,115.5
CDD1,081.5
 867.1
 3,214.1
 2,448.7
Intercompany eliminations(2.2) (0.4) (4.5) (0.9)
Revenues2,831.3
 2,621.4
 8,545.9
 7,563.3
        
Operating earnings:
LCD289.4
 336.6
 929.2
 982.0
CDD87.9
 28.0
 195.3
 97.8
Unallocated corporate expenses(33.9) (37.9) (106.5) (105.2)
Total operating income343.4
 326.7
 1,018.0
 974.6
Other income (expense), net156.2
 (59.9) 35.8
 (163.3)
Earnings before income taxes499.6
 266.8
 1,053.8
 811.3
Provision for income taxes180.6
 92.5
 328.1
 268.6
Net earnings319.0
 174.3
 725.7
 542.7
Less (earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests(0.2) (2.8) 0.1
 (3.4)
Net income attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings$318.8
 $171.5
 $725.8
 $539.3

 Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
 June 30, June 30,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
Revenues:
LCD$1,760.9
 $1,814.0
 $3,482.9
 $3,584.2
CDD1,126.3
 1,054.2
 2,201.0
 2,132.6
Intercompany eliminations(5.5) (1.9) (11.0) (2.2)
Revenues2,881.7
 2,866.3
 5,672.9
 5,714.6
        
Operating earnings:
LCD312.5
 336.3
 580.8
 639.8
CDD65.8
 68.8
 153.8
 107.3
Unallocated corporate expenses(42.6) (35.9) (80.7) (72.5)
Total operating income335.7
 369.2
 653.9
 674.6
Other income (expense), net(65.7) (56.5) (129.2) (120.4)
Earnings before income taxes270.0
 312.7
 524.7
 554.2
Provision for income taxes79.3
 78.6
 148.1
 147.6
Net earnings190.7
 234.1
 376.6
 406.6
Less (earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests(0.3) (0.3) (0.6) 0.4
Net income attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings$190.4
 $233.8
 $376.0
 $407.0















































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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
The CompanyLaboratory Corporation of America® Holdings together with its subsidiaries (the Company) has made in this report, and from time to time may otherwise make in its public filings, press releases and discussions by Company management, forward-looking statements concerning the Company’s operations, performance and financial condition, as well as its strategic objectives. Some of these forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as “believes”, “expects”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “seeks”, “approximately”, “intends”, “plans”, “estimates”, or “anticipates” or the negative of those words or other comparable terminology. Such forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties and the Company claims the protection afforded by the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results could differ materially from those currently anticipated due to a number of factors in addition to those discussed elsewhere herein and in the Company’s other public filings, press releases and discussion with Company management, including:
1.changes in government and third-party payer regulations, reimbursement, or coverage policies or other future reforms in the healthcare system (or in the interpretation of current regulations), new insurance or payment systems, including state, regional or private insurance cooperatives (e.g., health insurance exchanges) affecting governmental and third-party coverage or reimbursement for commercial laboratory testing, including the impact of the Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014 (PAMA);
2.significant monetary damages, fines, penalties, assessments, refunds, repayments, damage to the Company’s reputation, unanticipated compliance expenditures, and/or exclusion or disbarmentdebarment from or ineligibility to participate in government programs, among other adverse consequences, arising from enforcement of anti-fraud and abuse laws and other laws applicable to the Company in jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business;
3.significant fines, penalties, costs, unanticipated compliance expenditures and/or damage to the Company’s reputation arising from the failure to comply with applicable privacy and security laws and regulations, including the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation and similar laws and regulations in jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business;
4.loss or suspension of a license or imposition of a fine or penalties under, or future changes in, or interpretations of applicable licensing laws or regulations regarding the operation of clinical laboratories and the delivery of clinical laboratory test results, including, but not limited to, the U.S. Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1967 and the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 and similar laws and regulations in jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business;
5.penalties or loss of license arising from the failure to comply with applicable occupational and workplace safety laws and regulations, including the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration requirements and the U.S. Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act and similar laws and regulations in jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business;
6.fines, unanticipated compliance expenditures, suspension of manufacturing, enforcement actions, damage to the Company’s reputation, injunctions, or criminal prosecution arising from failure to maintain compliance with current good manufacturing practice regulations and similar requirements of various regulatory agencies in jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business;
7.sanctions or other remedies, including fines, unanticipated compliance expenditures, enforcement actions, damage to the Company’s reputation, injunctions or criminal prosecution arising from failure to comply with the Animal Welfare Act or similar applicable national, state and local laws and regulations in jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business;
8.changes in testing guidelines or recommendations by government agencies, medical specialty societies and other authoritative bodies affecting the utilization of laboratory tests;
9.changes in applicable government regulations or policies affecting the approval, availability of, and the selling and marketing of diagnostic tests, drug development, or the conduct of drug development and medical device and diagnostic studies and trials, including regulations and policies of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Medicine and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency in the United Kingdom (U.K.), the State Drug Administration in China (formerly the China Food and Drug Administration), the Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency in Japan, the European Medicines Agency and similar regulations and policies of agencies in jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business;
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10.changes in government regulations or reimbursement pertaining to the biopharmaceutical and medical device and diagnostic industries, changes in reimbursement of biopharmaceutical products or reduced spending on research and development by biopharmaceutical customers;
11.liabilities that result from the failure to comply with corporate governance requirements;
12.increased competition, including price competition, potential reduction in rates in response to price transparency and consumerism, competitive bidding and/or changes or reductions to fee schedules and competition from companies that do not comply with existing laws or regulations or otherwise disregard compliance standards in the industry;
13.changes in payer mix or payment structure, including insurance carrier participation in health insurance exchanges, an increase in capitated reimbursement mechanisms, the impact of a shift to consumer-driven health plans or plans carrying an increased level of member cost-sharing, and adverse changes in payer reimbursement or payer coverage policies (implemented directly or through a third-party utilization management organization) related to specific diagnostic tests, categories of testing or testing methodologies;
14.failure to retain or attract managed care organization (MCO) business as a result of changes in business models, including new risk-based or network approaches, out-sourced Laboratory Network Management or Utilization Management companies, or other changes in strategy or business models by MCOs;
15.failure to obtain and retain new customers, an unfavorable change in the mix of testing services ordered, or a reduction in tests ordered, specimens submitted or services requested by existing customers;
16.difficulty in maintaining relationships with customers or retaining key employees as a result of uncertainty surrounding the integration of acquisitions and the resulting negative effects on the business of the Company;
17.consolidation and convergence of MCOs, biopharmaceutical companies, health systems, large physician organizations and other customers, potentially causing material shifts in insourcing, utilization, pricing and reimbursement, including full and partial risk-based models;
18.failure to effectively develop and deploy new systems, system modifications or enhancements required in response to evolving market and business needs;
19.customers choosing to insource services that are or could be purchased from the Company;
20.failure to identify, successfully close and effectively integrate and/or manage acquisitions of new businesses;
21.inability to achieve the expected benefits and synergies of newly-acquired businesses, including due to items not discovered in the due-diligence process, among others, and the impact on the Company's cash position, levels of indebtedness and stock price;
22.termination, loss, delay, reduction in scope or increased costs of contracts, including large contracts and multiple contracts;
23.liability arising from errors or omissions in the performance of testing services, contract research services or other contractual arrangements;
24.changes or disruption in the provision or transportation of services or supplies provided by third parties, including transportation;or their termination for failure to follow the Company's performance standards and requirements;
25.damage or disruption to the Company's facilities;
26.damage to the Company's reputation, loss of business, or other harm from acts of animal rights activists or potential harm and/or liability arising from animal research activities or the provision of animal research products;activities;        
27.adverse results in litigation matters;
28.inability to attract and retain experienced and qualified personnel;
29.failure to develop or acquire licenses for new or improved technologies, such as point-of-care testing, mobile health technologies, and digital pathology, or potential use of new technologies by customers and/or consumers to perform their own tests;
30.substantial costs arising from the inability to commercialize newly licensed tests or technologies or to obtain appropriate coverage or reimbursement for such tests;
31.failure to obtain, maintain and enforce intellectual property rights for protection of the Company's products and services;services and defend against challenges to those rights;
32.scope, validity and enforceability of patents and other proprietary rights held by third parties that may impact the Company's ability to develop, perform, or market the Company's products or services or operate its business;
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33.business interruption or other impact on the business due to adverse weather, fires and/or other natural disasters, acts of war, terrorism or other criminal acts, and/or widespread outbreak of influenza or other pandemic illness;
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3434.discontinuation or recalls of existing testing products;
35.a failure in the Company's information technology systems, including with respect to testing turnaround time and billing processes, or the failure of the Company or its third-party suppliers and vendors to maintain the security of business information or systems or to protect against cybersecurity attacks such as denial of service attacks, malware, ransomware and computer viruses, or delays or failures in the development and implementation of the Company’s automation platforms, any of which could result in a negative effect on the Company’s performance of services, a loss of business or increased costs, damages to the Company’s reputation, significant litigation exposure, an inability to meet required financial reporting deadlines, or the failure to meet future regulatory or customer information technology, data security and connectivity requirements;
36.business interruption, increased costs, and other adverse effects on the Company's operations due to the unionization of employees, union strikes, work stoppages, general labor unrest or failure to comply with labor or employment laws;
37.failure to maintain the Company's days sales outstanding levels, cash collections (in light of increasing levels of patient responsibility), profitability and/or reimbursement arising from unfavorable changes in third-party payer policies, payment delays introduced by third party benefit management organizations and increasing levels of patient payment responsibility;
38.impact on the Company's revenue,revenues, cash collections and the availability of credit for general liquidity or other financing needs arising from a significant deterioration in the economy or financial markets or in the Company's credit ratings by Standard &Poor's and/or Moody's;     
49.39.failure to maintain the expected capital structure for the Company, including failure to maintain the Company's investment grade rating;
40.changes in reimbursement by foreign governments and foreign currency fluctuations;
41.inability to obtain certain billing information from physicians, resulting in increased costs and complexity, a temporary disruption in receipts and ongoing reductions in reimbursements and net revenues;
42.expenses and risks associated with international operations, including, but not limited to, compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, other applicable anti-corruption laws and regulations, trade sanction laws and regulations, and economic, political, legal and other operational risks associated with foreign jurisdictions;
43.failure to achieve expected efficiencies and savings in connection with the Company's business process improvement initiatives;
44.changes in tax laws and regulations or changes in their interpretation, including the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA); and
45.global economic conditions and government and regulatory changes, including, but not limited to the U.K.'s announced intention to exit from the European Union.
GENERAL (dollars in millions, except per share data)
During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, revenues were $5,672.9, a decrease of 0.7% from $5,714.6 in the Company experienced strongfirst half of 2018. The decline in revenue growth, driven by acquisitions, organic growthwas primarily due to the disposition of businesses of 1.9% and the benefit of foreign currency translation of 60 basis points,0.8%, partially offset by acquisitions of 1.0% and organic growth of 1.0% (which includes the negative impact from divestituresPAMA of (0.4%1.0%). In addition, revenue was negatively impacted by approximately 0.5% due to lower volume resulting from
Effective January 1, 2019, the ransomware attack and from Hurricane Florence duringCompany adopted Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 842 Leases using the third quarter.effective date method. The Company defines organic growthelected the package of practical expedients, which includes not reassessing whether existing contracts contain leases under the new definition of a lease, reassessing the classification of existing leases, and reassessing whether previously capitalized initial direct costs qualify for capitalization under the new standard. The Company also elected not to separate lease and non-lease components. The adoption of this standard resulted in the recording of $770.0 of additional operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2019.
On June 3, 2019, the increase in revenue excluding revenueCompany's CDD segment completed the acquisition of Envigo's nonclinical contract research services business, expanding CDD's global nonclinical drug development capabilities with additional locations and resources. Envigo also completed the acquisition of the Covance Research Products (CRP) business, which was part of the CDD segment. The two companies will continue to collaborate through a multi-year, renewable supply agreement. The Company paid cash consideration of $601.0, received a floating rate secured note of $110.0, and recorded a loss on sale of CRP of $8.8. The Company funded the transaction through a new term loan facility.
The Company remains on track to deliver $150.0 of net savings from acquisitions forCDD's three-year LaunchPad initiative by the first twelve months after the closeend of each acquisition. 2020. The Company expects overall revenue growthphase II of LCD’s LaunchPad initiative to deliver approximately $200.0 in 2018net savings over the next
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three years, while incurring approximately $40.0 in one-time implementation costs. Approximately one-third of 10.5%the total savings are expected to 11.0% over 2017, driven by be realized each year.
On May 14, 2019, Retrieval-Masters Creditors Bureau, Inc. d/b/a combinationAmerican Medical Collection Agency (AMCA), an external collection agency, notified the Company about a security incident AMCA experienced that may have involved certain personal information about some of acquisitions, strong organic growth and favorable currency translation, offsetthe Company’s patients (the AMCA Incident). The Company referred patient balances to AMCA only when direct collection efforts were unsuccessful. The Company’s systems were not impacted by the divestitureAMCA Incident. Upon learning of businesses.
During the third quarter of 2018,AMCA Incident, the Company divested its forensic testing services businesspromptly stopped sending new collection requests to AMCA and stopped AMCA from continuing to work on any pending collection requests from the Company. AMCA informed the Company that it appeared that an unauthorized user had access to AMCA’s system between August 1, 2018 and March 30, 2019, and that AMCA could not rule out the possibility that personal information on AMCA’s system was at risk during that time period. Information on AMCA’s affected system from the Company may have included name, address, and balance information for the patient and person responsible for payment, along with the patient’s phone number, date of birth, referring physician, and date of service. The Company was later informed by AMCA that health insurance information may have been included for some individuals, and because some insurance carriers utilize the Social Security Number as a subscriber identification number, the Social Security Number for some individuals may also have been affected. No ordered tests, laboratory test results, or diagnostic information from the Company were in the U.K.AMCA affected system. The Company notified individuals for whom it had a valid mailing address. For the individuals whose Social Security Number was affected, the notice included an offer to enroll in credit monitoring and its Food Solutions business. Operating incomeidentity protection services that will be provided free of charge for the divested businesses was $2.4 and $6.1, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, and $2.2 and $10.3, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.24 months.
EffectivePAMA, which went into effect on January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the FASB-issued converged standard onresulted in a net reduction of revenue recognition (ASC 606), using the full retrospective method. All financial results and comparisons to financial resultsof approximately $70.0 in 2017 have been restated. This accounting change increased revenue, lowered earnings, and had no impact on cash flow. Bad debt expense within the LCD segment is now classified as a reduction in revenue rather than as a selling, general and administrative expense. Within the CDD segment, the standard impacted the accounting for changes in the scope of work, investigator fees, measures of progress and sales commissions. See Note 1 (Basis of Financial Statement Presentation) to the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
On May 24, 2018 the Company and UnitedHealthcare announced the renewal of their long-term strategic partnership. The Company will continue to serve as UnitedHealthcare’s exclusive national laboratory provider until January 1, 2019. Thereafter, the Company will continue participating as a national provider of laboratory services tofrom all 48 million UnitedHealthcare plan
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participants as the two organizations focus on ways to create more personalized care recommendations and a simpler consumer experience. On May 25, 2018, the Company and Aetna announced the extension and expansion of their existing agreement, making the Company a preferred national laboratory for substantially all of Aetna’s members beginning January 1, 2019. The expanded agreement will provide more than 20 million eligible members with in-network access to the Company’s full range of laboratory services. The Company was already an in-network laboratory for several million members of Aetna and Aetna-affiliated health plans in certain markets across the U.S.
On July 16, 2018, the Company reported that it had detected suspicious activity on its information technology network and was taking steps to respond to and contain the activity. The activity was subsequently determined to be a new variant of ransomware affecting certain LCD information technology systems. CDD systems were not directlypayers affected by the ransomware. As partClinical Lab Fee Schedule. A reduction of its response, the Company promptly took certain systems offline to contain and remove the ransomware from its systems. The incident temporarily affected test processing and customer access to test results, and also affected certain other information technology systems involved in conducting Company-wide operations. Operations were returned to normal within a few days of the incident. As part of its in-depth investigation into this incident, the Company engaged outside security experts and worked with authorities, including law enforcement. The investigation determined that the ransomware did not and could not transfer patient or client data outside of Company systems and that there was no theft or misuse of patient or client data. The Companyapproximately $54.0 has been incurred total expenditures related to addressing this attack of $12.6 in consulting fees and employee overtime during the recovery period following the attack in addition to lost revenue of $9.8.
The Company has insurance coverage for costs resulting from cyber-attacks, but disputes over the extent of insurance coverage for claims are not uncommon. Furthermore, while the Company has not been the subject of any legal proceedings involving this incident, it is possible that the Company could be the subject of claims from persons alleging they suffered damages from the incident, or actions by governmental authorities.
In its continuing assessment of the impact of the passage of the TCJA in the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company recorded a net increase in its provision for income taxes duringthrough the first nine monthshalf of 2018 (and a decrease2019. Unless further implementation of its net earnings), primarily relating to the repatriation tax and state tax. Given the significant changes resulting from the TCJA, the estimated financial impact in the quarterPAMA is provisional and subject to further clarification, which could result in changes to these estimates during the remainderdelayed or changed, an additional reduction of 2018. The Company expects its consolidated effective tax rate to be approximately 29.8% (27.9%, excluding the impact of the divestitures discussed above) in 2018, which will benefit earnings per share and cash flow compared to the effective tax rate in 2017.$61.0 is expected for 2019.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (dollars in millions)


Three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019, compared with three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018
Revenues
Three Months Ended September 30,  Three Months Ended June 30,  
2018 2017 Change2019 2018 Change
LCD$1,752.0
 $1,754.7
 (0.2)%$1,760.9
 $1,814.0
 (2.9)%
CDD1,081.5
 867.1
 24.7 %1,126.3
 1,054.2
 6.8 %
Intercompany eliminations(2.2) (0.4) 450.0 %(5.5) (1.9) 189.5 %
Total$2,831.3
 $2,621.4
 8.0 %$2,881.7
 $2,866.3
 0.5 %
The increase in revenues for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, as compared with the corresponding period in 20172018 was 8.0%0.5%ThisThe increase in revenues was primarily due to growth from acquisitions of 6.5%1.4% and organic growth of 2.8%1.7% (which includes the negative impact from PAMA of (0.9%)), partially offset by the impactdisposition of divestituresbusinesses of (1.1%)1.9% and negative foreign currency translation of approximately (0.3%)0.7%.
LCD revenues for the quarter were $1,760.9, a decrease of 2.9% compared to revenues of $1,814.0 in the second quarter of 2018. The decrease in revenues was due to the negative impact from disposition of businesses of 2.8%, negative foreign currency translation of 0.2% and a decline in organic revenues versus prior year of 0.3%, partially offset by acquisitions of 0.4%. RevenueOrganic revenue growth in constant currency of negative 0.3% includes the impact from PAMA of 1.5% and fewer revenue days of 0.6%.
Total LCD volume (measured by requisitions) excluding the disposition of businesses, decreased by 0.9%, as acquisition volume contributed 0.2% and organic volume declined by 1.2%. Organic volume was negatively impacted by approximately 0.5% due to lower volume resulting2.5% from the ransomware attackcombination of lower consumer genetics, managed care contract changes, and from Hurricane Florence duringfewer revenue days. Excluding the quarter.

LCD revenues fordisposition of businesses, revenue per requisition increased by 1.0%, despite the third quarter were $1,752.0, a decrease of 0.2% compared to revenues of $1,754.7 in the third quarter of 2017. The decrease in revenues was primarily driven by divestitures, thenegative impact of the implementation of PAMA, and foreign currency translation of 0.2%, partially offset by acquisitions and organic volume growth. Growth in volume, measured by requisitions, was 1.8%, of which organic volume growth was 1.3% and acquisition volume growth was 0.8%, partially offset by the impact of divestitures of (0.3%).Volume growth was negatively impacted by 0.5% due to lower volume from the ransomware attack and from Hurricane Florence. Price and mix negatively impacted revenue by 1.7%. The change in price and mix included the impact divestitures of (1.4%), lower reimbursement from the implementation of PAMA of (1.0%), other organic price and mix, as well as acquisitions.1.5%.
CDD revenues for the thirdsecond quarter were $1,081.5,$1,126.3, an increase of 24.7%6.8% over revenues of $867.1$1,054.2 in the thirdsecond quarter of 2017.2018. The increase was primarily due to acquisitions of 17.9%, as well as organic growth of 7.3%5.5% and a decrease fromacquisitions of 3.3%, partially offset by negative foreign currency translation of 0.5%1.6% and a business disposition of 0.3%.





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Cost of Revenues
Three Months Ended September 30,  Three Months Ended June 30,  
2018 2017 Change2019 2018 Change
Cost of revenues$2,041.4
 $1,837.2
 11.1%$2,056.9
 $2,031.2
 1.3%
Cost of revenues as a % of revenues72.1% 70.1%  
71.4% 70.9%  
Cost of revenues increased 11.1%1.3% during the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, as compared with the corresponding period in 2017.2018. Cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues during the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, increased to 72.1%71.4% as compared to 70.1%70.9% in the corresponding period in 2017.2018. The increase is primarily due to higher personnel costs and rent expense to support the acquisition of Chiltern International Group (Chiltern) during the third quarter of 2017 and an additional $6.8 in employee overtime in connection with the ransomware attack experienced during July. The cost of revenues was also impacted by an increase of 0.4% due to currency fluctuations.

Company's global growth initiatives.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
 Three Months Ended September 30,  
 2018 2017 Change
Selling, general and administrative expenses$381.8
 $381.3
 0.1%
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a % of revenues13.5% 14.5%  
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues decreased to 13.5% during the three months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to 14.5% during the corresponding period in 2017.
 Three Months Ended June 30,  
 2019 2018 Change
Selling, general and administrative expenses$415.3
 $395.2
 5.1%
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a % of revenues14.4% 13.8%  
During the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, the Company incurred $5.5$33.2 of acquisition and divestiture related costs, $1.5 in consulting expenses relating to fees incurred as part of its integration and management transition costs. As a direct result ofcost and $0.1 in costs related to the previous ransomware attack experienced during July, the Company incurred $5.8 in consulting fees and employee overtime during the recovery period following the attack. In addition, the Company recorded $3.1$2.6 of non-capitalized costs associated with the implementation of a major system as part of its LaunchPad business process improvement initiative. The Company also reversed $0.2 in accrued expenses incurred as part of integration and management transition costs. These items increased selling, general and administrative expenses by $14.2.$37.4. 
During the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the Company incurred legalintegration and other related costs of $23.2$19.6 primarily relating to the Chiltern acquisition activity. Theand the planned sale of the Covance Food Solutions business. In addition, the Company also recorded $3.1incurred $1.4 in consulting expenses relating to fees incurred as part of its integration initiatives relatingand management transition costs, $0.1 in costs related to Covancea ransomware attack and Chiltern. In addition, the Company incurred $2.7$2.5 of non-capitalized costs associated with the implementation of a major system as part of its LaunchPad business process improvement initiative (all recorded ininitiative. These items increased selling, general and administrative expenses). expenses by $23.6.
Excluding these charges, selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues were 12.8%13.1% and 13.4%13.0% during the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019, and 2018, and 2017, respectively.
The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues, excluding these charges, is primarilyrespectively, due to the integrationdecreased revenue from the implementation of acquisitions. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was also impacted by a net decrease of (0.2%) due to currency fluctuations.PAMA.
Amortization of Intangibles and Other Assets
Three Months Ended September 30,  Three Months Ended June 30,  
2018 2017 Change2019 2018 Change
LCD$23.4
 $29.1
 (19.6)%$25.6
 $26.2
 (2.3)%
CDD31.3
 25.5
 22.7 %34.6
 32.3
 7.1 %
Total amortization of intangibles and other assets$54.7
 $54.6
 0.2 %$60.2
 $58.5
 2.9 %
The increasedecrease in amortization of intangibles and other assets within the LCD segment primarily reflects the impact of CDD acquisitions occurring after SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, offset by the reduction of amortizable intangible assets pursuant to the divestiture of twothree LCD businesses in 2018. Amortization of intangible assets within the CDD segment increased primarily due to the impact of acquisitions occurring after June 30, 2018, offset by the reduction of amortizable intangible assets pursuant to the divestiture of one CDD business during the thirdsecond quarter of 2018.2019.
Restructuring and Other Special Charges
 Three Months Ended September 30,  
 2018 2017 Change
Restructuring and other special charges$10.0
 $21.6
 (53.7)%
 Three Months Ended June 30,  
 2019 2018 Change
Restructuring and other special charges$13.6
 $12.2
 11.5%
During the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019, the Company recorded net restructuring and other special charges of $13.6: $3.0 within LCD and $10.6 within CDD. The charges were comprised of $3.5 related to severance and other personnel costs along with $10.2 in costs associated with facility closures, impairment of operating lease right-of-use assets and general integration initiatives. The charges were offset by the reversal of previously established reserves of $0.1 in unused facility reserves.
During the three months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recorded net restructuring and other special charges of $10.0: $4.1$12.2: $5.5 within LCD and $5.9$6.7 within CDD. The charges were comprised of $6.6$11.8 related to severance and other personnel costs along with $4.0$1.3 in costs associated with facility closures impairment of land held for sale and general integration initiatives. The
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charges were offset by the reversal of previously established reserves of $0.4$0.7 and $0.2 in unused facility reserves and unused severance reserves, respectively.
During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded net restructuring and other special charges of $21.6: $5.2 within LCD and $16.4 within CDD. The charges were comprised of $4.6 related to severance and other personnel costs along with $12.1 in costs associated with facility closures. The Company reversed $0.9 in unused severance reserves. The Company also recognized asset impairment losses of $5.8 related to the termination of a software development project within the CDD segment and the forgiveness of certain indebtedness for LCD customers in areas heavily impacted by hurricanes during the quarter.
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Interest Expense
 Three Months Ended September 30,  
 2018 2017 Change
Interest expense$(59.4) (59.9) (0.8)%
 Three Months Ended June 30,  
 2019 2018 Change
Interest expense$(59.1) (63.1) (6.3)%
The decrease in interest expense for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, as compared with the corresponding period in 2017,2018, is primarily due to the repayment of the 2.20%2.50% senior notes in August 2017 and2018, the repayment of the 2014 term loan offset by the issuanceand partial repayment of senior notes in August 2017 and the 2017 term loan, in September 2017.partially offset by an increased level of borrowing on the revolving credit facility and the new 2019 term loan.
Equity Method Income
 Three Months Ended September 30,  
 2018 2017 Change
Equity method income$3.0
 $3.2
 (6.3)%
 Three Months Ended June 30,  
 2019 2018 Change
Equity method income$2.5
 $3.0
 (16.7)%
Equity method income represents the Company's ownership share in joint venture partnerships along with equity investments in other companies in the health care industry. All of these partnerships and investments reside within LCD. The decrease in income for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, as compared with the corresponding period in 2017,2018, was primarily due to the consolidation of a joint venture during the second quarter of 2018 related to the acquisition of PAML which was previously recorded as an equity method investment and offset by increaseddecreased profitability of the Company's joint ventures.
Other, net
 Three Months Ended September 30,  
 2018 2017 Change
Other, net$209.8
 $(3.9) (5,479.5)%
 Three Months Ended June 30,  
 2019 2018 Change
Other, net$(10.5) $2.8
 (475.0)%
The change in other, net for the three months Septemberended June 30, 2018,2019, is primarily due to the $8.8 loss on disposition of a gain recognized onbusiness incurred during the salethree months ended June 30, 2019 and the $5.3 write-off of two of the Food Solutions business of $258.3Company's cost method investments, partially offset by a $48.9 loss on the divestiturenet increase in other investment gains of the Company's forensic testing services business in the U.K.$3.1. In addition, the Company reported $1.3 of foreign currency transaction losses of $3.2 were recognized for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019 and $2.2 forgains of $0.9 in the corresponding period in 2017.of 2018.
Income Tax Expense
Three Months Ended September 30,  Three Months Ended June 30,  
2018 2017 Change2019 2018 Change
Income tax expense$180.6
 $92.5
 95.2%$79.3
 $78.6
 0.9%
Income tax expense as a % of earnings before income taxes36.1% 34.7%  
29.4% 25.1%  
The Company's 20182019 tax rate was favorably impacted by the decrease in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35%unfavorable to 21% as a result of the TCJA. The 2018 tax rate was negatively impacted by higher taxes on the disposition of businessesprimarily due to acquisitions and other provisions of the TCJA, primarily global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI)divestitures. While both 2019 and the additional provisional expense for the taxes related to the re-measurement of the Company's existing deferred tax balances, the deferred tax revaluation for unremitted foreign earnings, and the one-time repatriation tax. The Company's 2018 and 2017 tax rates were favorably impacted by foreign earnings taxed at lower rates than the U.S. statutory tax rate.
As a result ofrate, the TCJA, the Companybenefit was effectively taxed on all of its previously unremitted foreign earnings. The TCJA also enacts a territorial tax system that allows, for the most part, tax-free repatriation of foreign earnings. The Company has previously considered the earnings of its foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested outside of the U.S. In light of the new U.S. territorial tax system, the Company is reviewing its prior position on reinvestment of certain foreign subsidiaries, and during the third quarter ofgreater in 2018 the Company did not provide any tax expense related to foreign withholding taxes. The Company continues to maintain an indefinite reinvestment assertion for the earnings in the majority of its foreign jurisdictions.

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than 2019.
Operating Income by Segment
Three Months Ended September 30,  Three Months Ended June 30,  
2018 2017 Change2019 2018 Change
LCD operating income$289.4
 $336.6
 (14.0)%$312.5
 $336.3
 (7.1)%
LCD operating margin16.5% 19.2% (2.7)%17.7% 18.3% (0.6)%
CDD operating income87.9
 28.0
 213.9 %65.8
 68.8
 (4.4)%
CDD operating margin8.1% 3.2% 4.9 %5.9% 6.5% (0.6)%
General corporate expenses(33.9) (37.9) (10.6)%(42.6) (35.9) 18.7 %
Total operating income$343.4
 $326.7
 5.1 %$335.7
 $369.2
 (9.1)%
LCD operating income was $289.4$312.5 for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, a decrease of 14.0%7.1% over operating earningsincome of $336.6$336.3 in the corresponding period of 2017,2018, and LCD operating margin decreased 27060 basis points year-over-year. The declinedecrease in operating income and margin were primarily due to the impact from PAMA of approximately $27.0, disposition of businesses, personnel costs, and cybersecurity expenses, partially offset by LaunchPad initiatives. The Company remains on track to deliver approximately $200.0 of net savings from its three-year, phase II of LabCorp Diagnostics’ LaunchPad initiative by the end of 2021.
CDD operating income was $65.8 for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of 4.4% over operating income of $68.8 in the corresponding period of 2018, and CDD operating margin decreased 60 basis points year-over-year. The decrease in operating income and margin was primarily due to acquisition-related expenses, higher personnel costs, cybersecurity investments
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and rent expense to support the implementationCompany's global growth initiatives, partially offset by organic demand, LaunchPad savings, acquisitions and currency translation. The Company is on track to deliver $150.0 of PAMAnet savings from its three-year CDD LaunchPad initiative by the end of 2020, and the impact$30.0 of business disruptionscost synergies from the ransomware attack and Hurricane Florence, along with increased personnel costs.
CDD operating income was $87.9 forintegration of Chiltern by the three months ended September 30, 2018, an increaseend of 213.9% over operating earnings of $28.0 in the corresponding period of 2017, and CDD operating margin increased 490 basis points year-over-year. The improved operating margin was primarily due to acquisitions and organic growth combined with lower restructuring and other special charges due to the expansion of LaunchPad.2019.
General corporate expenses are comprised primarily of administrative services such as executive management, human resources, legal, finance, corporate affairs, and information technology. Corporate expenses were $33.9$42.6 for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018, a decrease2019, an increase of 10.6%18.7% over corporate expenses of $37.9$35.9 in the corresponding period of 2017.2018. The decreaseincrease in corporate expenses in 20182019 is primarily due to the benefit of a reductionfavorable legal settlement in professional services.2018 offsetting normal corporate expenses.
NineSix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20182019, compared with ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018
Revenues
Nine Months Ended September 30,  Six Months Ended June 30,  
2018 2017 Change2019 2018 Change
LCD$5,336.3
 $5,115.5
 4.3%$3,482.9
 $3,584.2
 (2.8)%
CDD3,214.1
 2,448.7
 31.3%2,201.0
 2,132.6
 3.2 %
Intercompany eliminations(4.5) (0.9) 400.0%(11.0) (2.2) 400.0 %
Total$8,545.9
 $7,563.3
 13.0%$5,672.9
 $5,714.6
 (0.7)%
The increasedecrease in revenues for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, as compared with the corresponding period in 20172018 was 13.0%0.7%ThisThe decline in revenues was primarily due to growth from acquisitionsthe disposition of 10.0%, organic growthbusinesses of 2.7%,1.9% and the benefit fromnegative foreign currency translation of approximately 0.6%0.8%, partially offset by (0.4%acquisitions of 1.0% and organic growth of 1.0% (which includes the negative impact from PAMA of 1.0%) due to divestitures..

LCD revenues for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, were $5,336.3, an increase$3.48 billion, a decrease of 4.3%2.8% over revenues of $5,115.5 in$3.58 billion for the corresponding period of 2017.six months ended June 30, 2018. The increasedecline in revenues was primarily drivendue to the negative impact from the disposition of businesses of 2.9% and negative currency translation of 0.2%, partially offset by acquisitions organicof 0.2%. Organic revenues growth was flat and included the negative impact of 1.5% from PAMA and 0.8% due to fewer revenue days. 

Total volume (measured by requisitions), excluding the disposition of businesses was flat as acquisition volume contributed 0.1% and the benefit from foreign currency translation, partially offset by the impact of the implementation of PAMA and divestitures. Growth in volume, measured by requisitions, of 4.8%, was due to organic volume growth of 2.4% and acquisitiondeclined by 0.2%. Organic volume growth of 2.5%, partially offset by the impact of divestitures of (0.1%).Price and mixwas negatively impacted by approximately 2.0% from the combination of lower consumer genetics, managed care contract changes, and fewer revenue growthdays. Excluding the disposition of businesses, revenue per requisition increased by 0.6%0.3%, which includedincluding the negative impact from divestitures of (0.5%), lower reimbursement from the implementation of PAMA of (1.0%), other organic price and mix, as well as acquisitions.1.5%.
CDD revenues for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019 were $3,214.1,$2,201.0, an increase of 31.3%3.2% over revenues of $2,448.7$2,132.6 in the corresponding period of 2017.six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily due to acquisitions of 24.1%, as well as organic growth of 5.5%3.0% and the benefit fromacquisitions of 2.3%, partially offset by negative foreign currency translation of 1.7%1.8% and a business disposition of 0.1%.
Cost of Revenues
Nine Months Ended September 30,  Six Months Ended June 30,  
2018 2017 Change2019 2018 Change
Cost of revenues$6,141.9
 $5,288.6
 16.1%$4,058.4
 $4,100.5
 (1.0)%
Cost of revenues as a % of revenues71.9% 69.9%  
71.5% 71.8%  
Cost of revenues increased 16.1%decreased 1.0% during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, as compared with the corresponding period in 2017.2018. Cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues remained relatively consistent during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018, increased2019, decreasing slightly to 71.9%71.5% as compared to 69.9%71.8% in the corresponding period in 2017. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company paid a special one-time bonus of $31.1 ($24.8 of which was recorded in cost of revenues) to its non-bonus eligible employees in recognition of the benefits the Company is receiving from the passage of the TCJA. As a direct result of the ransomware attack
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experienced during July, the Company incurred $6.8 in employee overtime during the recovery period following the attack. The remaining increase is due to the acquisition of Chiltern during the third quarter of 2017. The cost of revenues was also impacted by an increase of 0.6% due to currency fluctuations.

2018.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
 Nine Months Ended September 30,  
 2018 2017 Change
Selling, general and administrative expenses$1,174.0
 $1,081.9
 8.5%
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a % of revenues13.7% 14.3%  
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues decreased to 13.7% during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to 14.3% during the corresponding period in 2017.
 Six Months Ended June 30,  
 2019 2018 Change
Selling, general and administrative expenses$809.1
 $792.2
 2.1%
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a % of revenues14.3% 13.9%  
During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, the Company incurred integration and other costs$44.3 of $43.1 primarily relating to the Chiltern acquisition and sale of the Food Solutions business. As a direct result of the ransomware attack experienced during July, the Company incurred $5.8 in consulting fees incurred during the recovery period following the attack. The Company also recorded $4.3divestiture related costs, $2.9 in consulting expenses relating to the Chilternfees incurred as part of its integration and management integrationtransition cost and $0.7 in costs along withrelated to a special one-time bonus of $31.1 ($6.3 of which was recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses) to its non-bonus eligible employees in recognition of the benefits the Company is receiving from the passage of the TCJA.ransomware attack. In addition, the Company incurred $7.3recorded $5.0 of non-capitalized costs associated with the implementation of a major system as part of its LaunchPad business process improvement initiative. These items increased selling, general and administrative expenses by $66.8.$52.9. 
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During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the Company incurred legalintegration and other related costs of $29.8$37.6 primarily relating to the recently completed acquisitions. TheChiltern acquisition and planned sale of the Company's Covance Food Solutions business. In addition, the Company also recorded $8.0incurred $4.5 in consulting expenses relating to fees incurred as part of its integration and compensation analysis, along with $0.9management transition costs. During the quarter, the Company paid a special one-time bonus of $31.1 ($6.3 of which was recorded in short-term equity retention arrangements relatingselling, general and administrative expenses) to non-bonus eligible employees in recognition of the Covance Inc. acquisition.benefits the Company received from the passage of the TCJA. In addition, the Company incurred $8.2$4.2 of non-capitalized costs associated with the implementation of a major system as part of its LaunchPad (all recorded inbusiness process improvement initiative. These items increased selling, general and administrative expenses).expenses by $50.4 and cost of sales by $26.9.
Excluding these charges, selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues were 12.9%13.3% and 13.7%13.0% during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019, and 2018, and 2017, respectively.
The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues, excluding these charges, isrespectively, primarily due to integration of acquisitions. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was also impacted by a net increase of 0.3% due to currency fluctuations.the decreased revenue from the implementation of PAMA.
Amortization of Intangibles and Other Assets
Nine Months Ended September 30,  Six Months Ended June 30,  
2018 2017 Change2019 2018 Change
LCD$79.9
 $85.4
 (6.4)%$50.3
 $56.4
 (10.8)%
CDD95.6
 68.2
 40.2 %67.0
 64.4
 4.0 %
Total amortization of intangibles and other assets$175.5
 $153.6
 14.3 %$117.3
 $120.8
 (2.9)%
The increasedecrease in amortization of intangibles and other assets primarily reflects the impact of CDD acquisitions occurring after SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, offset by the reduction of amortizable intangible assets pursuant to the divestiture of twothree LCD businesses during the third quarter ofin 2018.
Restructuring and Other Special Charges
 Nine Months Ended September 30,  
 2018 2017 Change
Restructuring and other special charges$36.5
 $64.6
 (43.5)%
 Six Months Ended June 30,  
 2019 2018 Change
Restructuring and other special charges$34.2
 $26.5
 29.1%
During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2019, the Company recorded net restructuring and other special charges of $34.2: $16.1 within LCD and $18.1 within CDD. The charges were comprised of $20.3 related to severance and other personnel costs along with $13.5 in costs associated with facility closures, impairment of operating lease right-of-use assets and general integration initiatives. The charges were increased by the adjustment of previously established reserves of $0.4 in facility reserves.
During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recorded net restructuring and other special charges of $36.5: $13.2$26.5: $9.1 within LCD and $23.3$17.4 within CDD. The charges were comprised of $30.0$23.1 related to severance and other personnel costs, and $8.8$2.5 in costs associated with facility closures and general integration initiatives, and $2.3 in impairment ofto land held for sale and general integration initiatives.sale. The charges were offset by the reversal ofCompany reversed previously established reserves of $1.2$0.9 and $1.1$0.5 in unused facility reserves and unused severance reserves, respectively.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded net restructuring and other special charges of $64.6: $14.0 within LCD and $50.6 within CDD. The charges were comprised of $27.2 related to severance and other personnel costs along with $18.0 in costs associated with facility closures. The Company reversed previously established reserves of $1.4 in unused severance reserves and $0.1 in unused facility reserves. Also, included in the net restructuring and other special charges is an
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impairment loss of $20.9 related to the termination of a software development project within the CDD segment and the forgiveness of certain indebtedness for LCD customers in areas heavily impacted by hurricanes during the quarter.
Interest Expense
 Nine Months Ended September 30,  
 2018 2017 Change
Interest expense$(186.0) (167.3) 11.2%
 Six Months Ended June 30,  
 2019 2018 Change
Interest expense$(115.8) (126.6) (8.5)%
The increasedecrease in interest expense for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, as compared with the corresponding period in 2017,2018, is primarily due to the issuancerepayment of the 2.50% senior notes andin 2018, the additionrepayment of the new2014 term loan, partial repayment of the 2017 term loan and a reduced level of borrowing on the revolving credit facility, partially offset by the repayment of the 2.20% senior notes in August 2017 and the 2014new 2019 term loan.
Equity Method Income
 Nine Months Ended September 30,  
 2018 2017 Change
Equity method income$8.5
 $10.0
 (15.0)%
 Six Months Ended June 30,  
 2019 2018 Change
Equity method income$5.5
 $5.5
 %
Equity method income represents the Company's ownership share in joint venture partnerships along with equity investments in other companies in the health care industry. All of these partnerships and investments reside within LCD. The decrease inEquity income for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018, as compared2019, was consistent with the corresponding period in 2017, was primarily due to the consolidation of a joint venture during the second quarter of 2018 related to the acquisition of PAML which was previously recorded as an equity method investment.2018.




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Other, net
 Nine Months Ended September 30,  
 2018 2017 Change
Other, net$209.1
 $(7.4) (2,925.7)%
 Six Months Ended June 30,  
 2019 2018 Change
Other, net$(20.9) $(0.7) 2,885.7%
The change in other, net for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, is primarily due to a gain recognized on the sale of the Food Solutions business of $258.3 offset by a $48.9$8.8 loss on disposition of a business, the disposition$5.3 write-off of two of the Company's forensic testing services business incost method investments (as compared to $3.5 of investment write-offs during the U.K. In addition, foreignsix months ended June 30, 2018) and net investment losses of $2.8. Foreign currency transaction losses were $2.3$7.8 and $5.3,$1.0, respectively for the 20182019 and 20172018 periods presented.
Income Tax Expense
Nine Months Ended September 30,  Six Months Ended June 30,  
2018 2017 Change2019 2018 Change
Income tax expense$328.1
 $268.6
 22.2%$148.1
 $147.6
 0.3%
Income tax expense as a % of earnings before income taxes31.1% 33.1%  
28.2% 26.6%  
The Company's 20182019 tax rate was favorably impactedunfavorable to 2018 primarily due to acquisitions, divestitures and a lower stock-based compensation benefit. This was partially offset by the decrease in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% as a result of the TCJA. The 2018 tax rate was negatively impacted by higherTCJA taxes on the disposition of businesses and other provisions of the TCJA, primarily GILTI and the additional provisional expense for the taxes related to the re-measurement of the Company's existing deferredrepatriation tax balances, the deferred tax revaluation for unremitted foreign earnings,that only impacted 2018. While both 2019 and the one-time repatriation tax. The Company's 2018 and 2017 tax rates were favorably impacted by foreign earnings taxed at lower rates than the U.S. statutory tax rate.
As a result ofrate, the TCJA, the Companybenefit was effectively taxed on all of its previously unremitted foreign earnings. The TCJA also enacts a territorial tax system that allows, for the most part, tax-free repatriation of foreign earnings. The Company has previously considered the earnings of its foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested outside of the U.S. In light of the new U.S. territorial tax system, the Company is reviewing its prior position on reinvestment of certain foreign subsidiaries, and during the nine months ended September 30,greater in 2018 provided $0.5 of tax expense primarily related to foreign withholding taxes. The Company continues to maintain an indefinite reinvestment assertion for the earnings in the majority of its foreign jurisdictions.





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than 2019.
Operating Income by Segment
Nine Months Ended September 30,  Six Months Ended June 30,  
2018 2017 Change2019 2018 Change
LCD operating income$929.2
 $982.0
 (0.5)%$580.8
 $639.8
 (9.2)%
LCD operating margin17.4% 19.2% (1.8)%16.7% 17.9% (1.2)%
CDD operating income195.3
 97.8
 99.7 %153.8
 107.3
 43.3 %
CDD operating margin6.1% 4.0% 2.1 %7.0% 5.0% 2.0 %
General corporate expenses(106.5) (105.2) (1.2)%(80.7) (72.5) 11.3 %
Total operating income$1,018.0
 $974.6
 4.5 %$653.9
 $674.6
 (3.1)%
LCD operating income was $929.2$580.8 for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, a decrease of 0.5%9.2% over operating earningsincome of $982.0$639.8 in the corresponding period of 2017,2018, and LCD operating margin decreased 180120 basis points year-over-year. The decreasedecline in operating income and margin waswere primarily due to the implementationimpact from PAMA of PAMAapproximately $54.0, disposition of businesses, personnel costs, and the impact of business disruptions from the ransomware attack and Hurricane Florence, along with increased personnel costs. Operating margins were also impacted by the special one-time bonus paid to its non-bonus eligible employees,cybersecurity expenses, partially offset by strong revenue growth.LaunchPad initiatives. The Company remains on track to deliver approximately $200.0 of net savings from its three-year, phase II of LabCorp Diagnostics’ LaunchPad initiative by the end of 2021.
CDD operating income was $195.3$153.8 for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, an increase of 99.7%43.3% over operating earningsincome of $97.8$107.3 in the corresponding period of 2017,2018, and CDD operating margin increased 210200 basis points year-over-year. The improvedincrease in operating income and margin waswere primarily due to organic demand, LaunchPad savings, acquisitions and organic growth combined with lower restructuring and other special charges due to the expansion of LaunchPadcurrency translation, partially offset by personnel costs, cybersecurity investments, and rent expense to support the special one-time bonusCompany's global expansion. The Company is on track to deliver $150.0 of net savings from its non-bonus eligible employees.three-year CDD LaunchPad initiative by the end of 2020, and $30.0 of cost synergies from the integration of Chiltern by the end of 2019.
General corporate expenses are comprised primarily of administrative services such as executive management, human resources, legal, finance, corporate affairs, and information technology. Corporate expenses were $106.5$80.7 for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, an increase of 1.2%11.3% over corporate expenses of $105.2$72.5 in the corresponding period of 2017.2018. The increase in corporate expenses in 20182019 is primarily due to an increasehigher personnel costs, including executive transition costs and the benefit of a favorable legal settlement in professional services.2018 offsetting normal corporate expenses.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES (dollars and shares in millions)


The Company's ability to generate cash and its financial condition typically have provided ready access to capital markets. The Company's principal source of liquidity is operating cash flow, supplemented by proceeds from debt offerings.offerings and availability under its senior unsecured revolving credit facility. The Company's senior unsecured revolving credit facility is further discussed in Note 78 (Debt) to the Company's Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.



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During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, and 2017,2018, respectively, the Company's cash flows were as follows:
Nine Months Ended September 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 20172019 2018
Net cash provided by operating activities$819.0
 $933.1
$419.3
 $567.1
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities353.6
 (2,050.4)
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities(587.0) 1,073.5
Net cash used for investing activities(891.3) (196.3)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities311.7
 (458.1)
Effect of exchange rate on changes in cash and cash equivalents(9.6) 19.3
(1.1) (7.9)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents$576.0
 $(24.5)$(161.4) $(95.2)
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at SeptemberJune 30, 2019 and 2018, totaled $265.4 and 2017, totaled $892.6 and $409.3,$221.4, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid instruments, such as time deposits, commercial paper, and other money market investments, substantially all of which have original maturities of three months or less.
Operating Activities
During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, the Company's operations provided $819.0$419.3 of cash as compared to $933.1$567.1 during the same period in 2017.2018. The $114.1$147.8 decrease in cash provided from operations in 20182019 as compared with the corresponding 20172018 period is primarily due to the payment of the special $31.1 one-time bonuslower cash earnings and increased working capital needs to support the growth in the business, along with incremental costs of the ransomware attack.needs.
Investing Activities
Net cash provided byused for investing activities for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, was $353.6$891.3 as compared to net cash used for investing activities of $2,050.4$196.3 for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017.2018. The change in cash provided by (used for)used for investing activities was primarily due to fewermore business acquisitions during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018, and proceeds received for the sale of held for sale assets.2019. Capital expenditures were $257.6$179.4 and $216.8$159.7 for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, and 2017,2018, respectively. The Company expects capital expenditures in 20182019 to be approximately 3.5%4.0% of revenues primarily in connection with projects to support growth in the Company's core businesses, including projects related to
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LaunchPad. The Company intends to continue to pursue acquisitions to fund growth and make important investments in its business, including in information technology, to improve efficiency and enable the execution of the Company's strategic vision. Such expenditures are expected to be funded by cash flow from operations, as well as borrowings under the Company's revolving credit facility or any successor facility, as needed.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019, was $311.7 compared to net cash used for financing activities of $458.1 for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018, was $587.0 compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $1,073.5 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.2018. The change in the cash provided by (used for)from financing activities for ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, as compared to 2017,2018, was primarily the result of debt proceeds receivedgreater than payments during the third quarterperiod partially offset by increased share repurchases during the first half of 2017 for the financing of the Chiltern acquisition.2019.
On August 22, 2017, the Company issued new senior notes representing $1,200.0 in debt securities and consisting of a $600.0 aggregate principal amount of 3.25% senior notes due 2024 and a $600.0 aggregate principal amount of 3.60% senior notes due 2027. Interest on these notes is payable semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year, commencing on March 1, 2018. Net proceeds from the offering of these notes were $1,190.1 after deducting underwriting discounts and other expenses of the offering. Net proceeds were used to pay off the 2.20% senior notes due August 23, 2017, as well as a portion of the cash consideration and the fees and expenses in connection with the Chiltern acquisition.
On December 19, 2014,June 3, 2019, the Company entered into a five-yearnew $850.0 term loan credit facility in the principal amount of $1,000.0 for the purpose of financing a portionaddition to its $750.02017 term loan facility.The 2019 term loan facility will mature on June 3, 2021. Proceeds of the cash consideration2019 term loan facility were used for general corporate purposes, including to repay approximately $250.0 of the 2017 term loan facility and the fees and expenses in connection with the transactions contemplated by the acquisition of Covance. Envigo's nonclinical research services business.
The 2019 term loan credit facility was advanced in full onaccrues interest at a per annum rate equal toat the Covance acquisition date and was amended on July 13, 2016, and further amended on September 15, 2017.Company's election, either a LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 0.55% to 1.175%, or a base rate determined according to a prime rate or federal funds rate plus a margin ranging from 0.0% to 0.175%. The 20142019 term loan balance at December 31, 2017,June 30, 2019, was $72.0. The Company paid off$850.0. As of June 30, 2019, the 2014effective interest rate on the 2019 term loan during the second quarter of 2018.was 3.24%.
On September 15, 2017, the Company entered into a new $750.0 term loan. The 2017 term loan facility will mature on September 15, 2022. The 2017 term loan balance was $277.0 and $527.0 and $750.0 at SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively.
As of June 30, 2019, the effective interest rate on the 2017 respectively.term loan was 3.56%.
On September 15, 2017, the Company also entered into an amendment and restatement of its existing senior unsecured revolving credit facility, which was originally entered into on December 21, 2011, amended and restated December 19, 2014, and further amended on July 13, 2016. The senior revolving credit facility consists of a five-year revolving facility in the principal amount of up to $1,000.0, with the option of increasing the facility by up to an additional $350.0, subject to the agreement of one or more new or existing lenders to provide such additional amounts and certain other customary conditions. The revolving credit facility also provides for a subfacility of up to $100.0 for swing line borrowings and a subfacility of up to $150.0 for issuances of letters of credit. The revolving credit facility is permitted to be used for general corporate purposes, including working capital, capital expenditures, funding of share repurchases and certain other payments, and acquisitions and other investments. Theinvestments.The Company had $35.0 outstanding on its revolving credit facility at June 30, 2019, and no outstanding balance on the Company's revolving credit facility was $0.0 at September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017.2018.
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Under the Company's term loan credit facilities and the revolving credit facility, the Company is subject to negative covenants limiting subsidiary indebtedness and certain other covenants typical for investment grade-rated borrowers and the Company is required to maintain certain leverage ratios. The Company was in compliance with all covenants under the term loan credit facilities and the revolving credit facility at SeptemberJune 30, 2018.2019. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, the ratio of total debt to consolidated proforma trailing 12 month EBITDA was 3.13.4 to 1.0.
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2018, the effective interest rate on the 2017 term loan was 3.37%.

As of September 30, 2018,2019, the Company provided letters of credit aggregating $72.2, primarily in connection with certain insurance programs. Letters of credit provided by the Company are issued under the Company's revolving credit facility and are renewed annually.
DuringAt the nine months ended September 30,end of 2018, the Company had outstanding authorization from the board of directors to purchase up to $443.5 of Company common stock. During January 2019, the Company purchased 1.70.8 shares of its common stock at an average price of $131.71 for a total cost of $300.0.$100.1 under this plan. On April 24, 2018,February 6, 2019, the board authorized an increase inof directors replaced the Company’sCompany's existing share repurchase programplan with a new plan authorizing repurchase of up to a total$1.25 billion of 1,000.0.the Company's common stock. The repurchase authorization has no expiration. During the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company purchased 1.3 shares of its common stock at an average price of $159.13 for a total cost of $199.9. As of June 30, 2019, the Company had outstanding authorization from the board of directors to purchase up to $1.05 billion of the Company's common stock.
The Company had a $27.4$35.9 and $26.7 reserve for unrecognized income tax benefits, including interest and penalties, as of SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, and December 31, 2017. Substantially all of these tax reserves are2018, respectively. Approximately $5.1 and $6.0 is classified in accrued expenses and other, long-termand approximately $30.8 and $20.7 is classified in deferred income taxes and other tax liabilities in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Zero-coupon Subordinated Notes
On SeptemberMarch 11, 2018,2019, the Company announced that for the period from March 11, 2019, to September 11, 2018, to March 8,10, 2019, the zero-coupon subordinated notes will accrue contingent cash interest at a rate of no less than 0.125% of the average market price of a zero-coupon subordinated note for the five trading days ended September 7, 2018,August 27, 2019, in addition to the continued accrual of the original issue discount.
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During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, the Company settled notices to convert $0.3$7.7 aggregate principal amount of its zero-coupon subordinated notes with a conversion value of $0.7.$14.5. The total cash used for these settlements was $0.3 and the Company also issued 0.0 shares of common stock.$7.3. As a result of these conversions, the Company also reversed deferred tax liabilities of $0.2.$1.7.
On OctoberJuly 1, 2018,2019, the Company announced that its zero-coupon subordinated notes may be converted into cash and common stock at the conversion rate of 13.4108 per $1,000.0 principal amount at maturity of the notes, subject to the terms of the zero-coupon subordinated notes and the Indenture, dated as of October 24, 2006, between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee and the conversion agent. In order to exercise the option to convert all or a portion of the zero-coupon subordinated notes, holders are required to validly surrender their zero-coupon subordinated notes at any time during the calendar quarter beginning OctoberJuly 1, 2018,2019, through the close of business on the last business day of the calendar quarter, which is 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on Monday, December 31, 2018.September 30, 2019. If notices of conversion are received, the Company plans to settle the cash portion of the conversion obligation with cash on hand and/or borrowings under theits revolving credit facility.
Credit Ratings
The Company’s investment grade debt ratings from Moody’s and Standard and Poor’s contribute to its ability to access capital markets.
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market risk is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and other relevant market rate or price changes. In the ordinary course of business, the Company is exposed to various market risks, including changes in foreign currency exchange and interest rates, and the Company regularly evaluates its exposure to such changes. The Company addresses its exposure to market risks, principally the market risks associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, through a controlled program of risk management that includes, from time to time, the use of derivative financial instruments such as foreign currency forward contracts and interest rate and cross currency swap agreements. Although, as set forth below, the Company’s zero-coupon subordinated notes contain features that are considered to be embedded derivative instruments, the Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
Approximately 14.0%12.5% of the Company's net revenues for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, and approximately 10.4%15.3% of those for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, were denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The Company's financial
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statements are reported in U.S. dollars and, accordingly, fluctuations in exchange rates will affect the translation of revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currencies into U.S. dollars for purposes of reporting the Company's consolidated financial results. In the first nine monthsquarter of 20182019 and the year ended December 31, 2017,2018, the most significant currency exchange rate exposures were to the Canadian dollar, Swiss Franc, Euro and British Pound. Excluding the impacts from any outstanding or future hedging transactions, a hypothetical change of 10% in average exchange rates used to translate all foreign currencies to U.S. dollars would have impacted income before income taxes for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, by approximately $1.1 and $3.5, respectively.$2.2. Gross accumulated currency translation adjustments recorded as a separate component of shareholders’ equity were $(82.2)$47.2 and $278.7$(82.6) at SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, and 2017,2018, respectively. The Company does not have significant operations in countries in which the economy is considered to be highly-inflationary.
The Company earns revenue from service contracts over a period of several months and, in some cases, over a period of several years. Accordingly, exchange rate fluctuations during this period may affect the Company's profitability with respect to such contracts. The Company is also subject to foreign currency transaction risk for fluctuations in exchange rates during the period of time between the consummation and cash settlement of transactions. The Company limits its foreign currency transaction risk through exchange rate fluctuation provisions stated in some of its contracts with customers, or it may hedge transaction risk with foreign currency forward contracts. At SeptemberJune 30, 2019, the Company had 27 open foreign exchange forward contracts relating to service contracts with various amounts maturing monthly through July 2019 with a notional value totaling approximately $328.1. At December 31, 2018, the Company had 34 open foreign exchange forward contracts relating to service contracts with various amounts maturing monthly through October 2018January 2019 with a notional value totaling approximately $413.1. At December 31, 2017, the Company had 26 open foreign exchange forward contracts relating to service contracts with various amounts maturing monthly through January 2018 with a notional value totaling approximately $360.5.$487.9.
The Company is party to six USDU.S. Dollar to Swiss Franc cross currency swap agreements with an aggregate notional amount of $600.0, maturing in 2022 and 2025, as a hedge against the impact of foreign exchange movements on its net investment in a Swiss Franc functional currency subsidiary.



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Interest Rates
Some of the Company's debt is subject to interest at variable rates. As a result, fluctuations in interest rates affect the business. The Company attempts to manage interest rate risk and overall borrowing costs through an appropriate mix of fixed and variable rate debt including by the utilization of derivative financial instruments, primarily interest rate swaps.
Borrowings under the Company's term loan credit facility and revolving credit facility are subject to variable interest rates, unless fixed through interest rate swaps or other agreements. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, the Company had $0.0 and $527.0, respectively,$277.0 of unhedged variable rate debt from the 2014 and 2017 term loan credit facilitiesfacility, $850.0 of unhedged variable debt from the 2019 term loan credit facility and $0.0$35.0 outstanding on its revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2017,2018, the Company had no$527.0 of unhedged variable rate debt from the 2017 term loan credit facility and $0.0 outstanding balance on its revolving credit facility, $72.0 on its 2014 term loan facility and $750.0 on its 2017 term loan facility.
TheTo hedge against changes in the fair value of a portion of the Company's long-term debt, the Company is party to two fixed-to-variable interest rate swap agreements for the 4.625% senior notes due 2020 with an aggregate notional amount of $600.0 and variable interest rates based on one-month LIBOR plus 2.298% to hedge against changes in the fair value of a portion of the Company's long term debt..
The Company’s zero-coupon subordinated notes contain the following two features that are considered to be embedded derivative instruments under authoritative guidance in connection with accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities:
1)The Company will pay contingent cash interest on the zero-coupon subordinated notes after September 11, 2006, if the average market price of the notes equals 120% or more of the sum of the issue price, accrued original issue discount and contingent additional principal, if any, for a specified measurement period.
2)Holders may surrender zero-coupon subordinated notes for conversion during any period in which the rating assigned to the zero-coupon subordinated notes by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services is BB- or lower.
Each quarter-point increase or decrease in the variable rate would result in the Company's interest expense changing by approximately $2.1$2.9 per year for the Company's unhedged variable rate debt.
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company carried out, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based upon this evaluation, the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of SeptemberJune 30, 20182019.

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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
On June 3, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of Envigo's nonclinical contract research services business. The Company’s management has extended its oversight and monitoring processes that support internal control over financial reporting to include the acquired Envigo operations. The Company’s management is continuing to integrate the acquired operations of Envigo's nonclinical contract research services business into the Company’s overall internal control over financial reporting process. However, management plans to exclude these operations from its annual assessment of internal controls over financial reporting for the year ending December 31, 2019.
There were no other changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) that occurred during the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES


PART II - OTHER INFORMATION




Item 1. Legal Proceedings


See Note 1011 (Commitments and Contingencies) to the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, above, which is incorporated herein by reference.


Item 1A. Risk Factors


There have been no material changes in the risk factors that appear in Part I - Item 1A of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.2018.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds (dollars in millions)


The following table sets forth information with respect to purchases of shares of the Company’s common stock based on settled trades made during the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018,2019, by or on behalf of the Company:
 Total Number of Shares Repurchased Average Price Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares Repurchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Repurchased Under the Program
July 1 - July 310.4
 $182.75
 0.4
 $925.5
August 1 - August 310.4
 177.54
 0.4
 843.5
September 1 - September 30
 
 
 843.5
 0.8
 $179.86
 0.8
  
 Total Number of Shares Repurchased Average Price Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares Repurchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Repurchased Under the Program
April 1 - April 300.7
 $154.49
 0.7
 $1,151.0
May 1 - May 310.6
 163.95
 0.6
 1,050.0
June 1 - June 30
 
 
 1,050.0
 1.3
 $159.13
 1.3
 $1,050.0
TheOn February 6, 2019, the board of directors has authorizedreplaced the Company's existing share repurchase plan with a new plan authorizing repurchase of specified amountsup to $1.25 billion of the Company's common stock since 2007, including the authorization to repurchase up to $1,000.0 of the Company’s common stock announced by the Company on April 24, 2018.stock. The repurchase authorization has no expiration date.expiration. During the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company purchased 1.3 shares of its common stock at at an average price of $159.13 for a total cost of $199.9. As of June 30, 2019, the Company had outstanding authorization from the board of directors to purchase up to $1.05 billion of the Company's common stock.

Item 5. Other Information
On August 6, 2019, the Company and David P. King, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, entered into a Transition Agreement effective June 30, 2019 (the Transition Agreement), as contemplated by the Term Sheet dated June 4, 2019 (the Term Sheet), which was previously described in the Company’s Form 8-K filed on June 5, 2019.  The Transition Agreement supersedes the Term Sheet and confirms that Mr. King will (i) transition from the positions of President and Chief Executive Officer effective November 1, 2019 (the Transition Date); (ii) continue to serve on the Board as Chairman of the Board from the Transition Date until a date mutually agreed with the Board and no later than December 31, 2020; and (iii) serve as Senior Advisor to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (Senior Advisor) from the Transition Date through at least December 31, 2020.
Pursuant to the Transition Agreement, Mr. King’s current annual base salary of $1,200,000, subject to any ordinary course increases by the Compensation Committee of the Board, will continue until December 31, 2019, after which he will be entitled to a base salary of $1,000,000 per year for the period beginning January 1, 2020 until he ceases serving as Chairman of the Board or as a Senior Advisor to the CEO. Mr. King will continue to be eligible to receive an annual bonus pursuant to LabCorp’s Management Incentive Bonus Plan (the MIB Plan) for fiscal year 2019 reflective of his full 2019 MIB Plan opportunity, with achievement to be based on specific performance objectives determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board. For fiscal year 2020, Mr. King will not be eligible to receive an annual bonus pursuant to the MIB Plan.
In accordance with the terms of the Transition Agreement, all of Mr. King’s equity awards outstanding as of the date of the Transition Agreement will be subject to the Company’s Senior Executive Transition Policy and will continue to be eligible for vesting and continue to become exercisable, payable or eligible for the termination of restrictions, as applicable, on the same terms and conditions as if Mr. King were to remain employed by the Company during the original exercise or vesting period, subject to modifications if necessary to comply with applicable law. On January 1, 2020, Mr. King will receive a grant of restricted stock units with an aggregate grant date fair value of $6,500,000 and a one-year vesting period, which shall be subject to LabCorp’s
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Senior Executive Transition Policy and the terms of the Company’s 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the 2020 Grant). The 2020 Grant will continue to be eligible for vesting and continue to become payable on the same terms and conditions as if Mr. King were to have remained employed by the Company during the one-year vesting period.
Mr. King will continue to receive the perquisites he currently receives and will remain eligible to participate generally in the employee benefit plans in which he currently participates through the period he serves as Senior Advisor. Mr. King will be subject to indefinite confidentiality and non-disparagement restrictions, two-year post-termination non-competition and non-solicitation covenants, and three-year standstill covenants under the Transition Agreement.
The foregoing description does not purport to be complete and is qualified by reference to the full text of the Transition Agreement, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 10.1 hereto.


Item 6. Exhibits
(a)Exhibits
12.1*10.1*
10..2Executive Employment Agreement, dated June 4, 2019, by and between Laboratory Corporation of earningsAmerica Holdings and Adam H. Schechter (incorporated by reference to fixed chargesExhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 5, 2019)
10.3Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated June 3, 2019, by and among Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 3, 2019).
31.1*
31.2*
32**
101.INS*Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
* filed herewith
**furnished herewith




























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SIGNATURES


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS
Registrant


 By:/s/ DAVID P. KING
  David P. King
  Chairman of the Board, President
  and Chief Executive Officer


 By:/s/ GLENN A. EISENBERG
  Glenn A. Eisenberg
  Executive Vice President and
  Chief Financial Officer


October 30, 2018August 8, 2019




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