UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
 
ý QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018

OR

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________to _________

Commission file number 001-13106 (Essex Property Trust, Inc.)
Commission file number 333-44467-01 (Essex Portfolio, L.P.)

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC.
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P.
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Maryland (Essex Property Trust, Inc.)
California (Essex Portfolio, L.P.)
 
77-0369576 (Essex Property Trust, Inc.)
77-0369575 (Essex Portfolio, L.P.)
   
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
1100 Park Place, Suite 200
San Mateo, California    94403
(Address of Principal Executive Offices including Zip Code)

(650) 655-7800
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Essex Property Trust, Inc.    Yes x   No o
Essex Portfolio, L.P.     Yes x   No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Essex Property Trust, Inc.    Yes x   No o
Essex Portfolio, L.P.     Yes x   No o


i

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging“emerging growth company"company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

i


Essex Property Trust, Inc.:
Large accelerated filer x
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o   (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company o
   
Emerging growth company o


Essex Portfolio, L.P.:
Large accelerated filer o
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer x   (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company o
   
Emerging growth company o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Essex Property Trust, Inc.    o  
Essex Portfolio, L.P.     o  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Essex Property Trust, Inc.    Yes o   No x
Essex Portfolio, L.P.     Yes o   No x
 
APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 66,037,02966,046,207 shares of Common Stock ($0.0001 par value) of Essex Property Trust, Inc. were outstanding as of OctoberApril 30, 2017.2018.
 

ii

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This report combines the reports on Form 10-Q for the three and nine month periodsperiod ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 of Essex Property Trust, Inc. and Essex Portfolio, L.P. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “Essex” mean Essex Property Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation that operates as a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust (“REIT”), and references to “EPLP” mean Essex Portfolio, L.P. References to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” mean collectively Essex, EPLP and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by Essex and/or EPLP.  References to the “Operating Partnership” mean collectively EPLP and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by EPLP.

Essex is the general partner of EPLP and as the sole general partner of EPLP, Essex has exclusive control of EPLP's day-to-day management.

The Company is structured as an umbrella partnership REIT (“UPREIT”) and Essex contributes all net proceeds from its various equity offerings to the Operating Partnership. In return for those contributions, Essex receives a number of Operating Partnership limited partnership units ("(“OP Units"Units”) equal to the number of shares of common stock it has issued in the equity offering. Contributions of properties to the Company can be structured as tax-deferred transactions through the issuance of OP Units, which is one of the reasons why the Company is structured in the manner outlined above. Based on the terms of EPLP's partnership agreement, OP Units can be exchanged into Essex common stock on a one-for-one basis. The Company maintains a one-for-one relationship between the OP Units issued to Essex and shares of common stock.

The Company believes that combining the reports on Form 10-Q of Essex and EPLP into this single report provides the following benefits:

enhances investors' understanding of the CompanyEssex and the Operating Partnership by enabling investors to view the business as a whole in the same manner as management views and operates the business;
eliminates duplicative disclosure and provides a more streamlined and readable presentation since a substantial portion of the disclosure applies to both the CompanyEssex and the Operating Partnership; and
creates time and cost efficiencies through the preparation of one combined report instead of two separate reports.

Management operates the CompanyEssex and the Operating Partnership as one business. The management of Essex consists of the same members as the management of EPLP.

All of the Company's property ownership, development, and related business operations are conducted through the Operating Partnership and Essex has no material assets, other than its investment in EPLP. Essex's primary function is acting as the general partner of EPLP. As general partner with control of the Operating Partnership, the CompanyEssex consolidates the Operating Partnership for financial reporting purposes. Therefore, the assets and liabilities of the CompanyEssex and the Operating Partnership are the same on their respective financial statements. Essex also issues equity from time to time and guarantees certain debt of EPLP, as disclosed in this report. The Operating Partnership holds substantially all of the assets of the Company, including the Company's ownership interests in its joint ventures. The Operating Partnership conducts the operations of the business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded equity. Except for the net proceeds from equity offerings by the Company, which are contributed to the capital of the Operating Partnership in exchange for additional OP Units (on a one-for-one share of common stock per OP Unit basis), the Operating Partnership generates all remaining capital required by the Company's business. These sources of capital include the Operating Partnership's working capital, net cash provided by operating activities, borrowings under its revolving credit facilities, the issuance of secured and unsecured debt and equity securities and proceeds received from disposition of certain properties and joint ventures.

The Company believes it is important to understand the few differences between Essex and EPLP in the context of how Essex and EPLP operate as a consolidated company. Stockholders' equity, partners' capital and noncontrolling interest are the main areas of difference between the condensed consolidated financial statements of the CompanyEssex and those of the Operating Partnership. The limited partners of the Operating Partnership are accounted for as partners' capital in the Operating Partnership's condensed consolidated financial statements and as noncontrolling interest in Essex’s condensed consolidated financial statements. The noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership's consolidated financial statements include the interest of unaffiliated partners in various condensed consolidated partnerships and joint venture partners. The noncontrolling interest in the Company'sEssex's consolidated financial statements include (i) the same noncontrolling interest as presented in the Operating Partnership’s consolidated financial statements and (ii) OP Unit holders. The differences between stockholders' equity and partners' capital result from differences in the equity issued at the CompanyEssex and Operating Partnership levels.
 
To help investors understand the significant differences between the CompanyEssex and the Operating Partnership, this report on Form 10-Q provides separate consolidated financial statements for the CompanyEssex and the Operating Partnership; a single set of consolidated notes

iii

notes to such financial statements that includes separate discussions of stockholders' equity or partners' capital, and earnings per share/unit, as applicable; and a combined Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This report on Form 10-Q also includes separate Part I, Item 4. Controls and Procedures sections and separate Exhibits 31 and 32 certifications for each of the CompanyEssex and the Operating Partnership in order to establish that the requisite certifications have been made and that the CompanyEssex and the Operating Partnership are compliant with Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"“Exchange Act”) and 18 U.S.C. §1350.

In order to highlight the differences between the CompanyEssex and the Operating Partnership, the separate sections in this report on Form 10-Q for the CompanyEssex and the Operating Partnership specifically refer to the CompanyEssex and the Operating Partnership. In the sections that combine disclosure of the CompanyEssex and the Operating Partnership, this report refers to actions or holdings as being actions or holdings of the Company. Although the Operating Partnership is generally the entity that directly or indirectly enters into contracts and joint ventures and holds assets and debt, reference to the Company is appropriate because the Company is one business and the Company operates that business through the Operating Partnership. The separate discussions of the CompanyEssex and the Operating Partnership in this report should be read in conjunction with each other to understand the results of the Company on a consolidated basis and how management operates the Company.

The information furnished in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, statements of income and comprehensive income, equity, capital, and cash flows of the Company and the Operating Partnership reflect all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the aforementioned condensed consolidated financial statements for the interim periods and are normal and recurring in nature, except as otherwise noted.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to such unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations herein. Additionally, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017.

iv

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC.
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATIONPage No.
   
Item 1.Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Essex Property Trust, Inc. (Unaudited) 
   
 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 20162017
2
   
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016
3
   
 
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Equity for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018
4
   
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016
5
   
 Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Essex Portfolio, L.P. (Unaudited) 
   
 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 20162017
7
   
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the three ended March 31, 2018 and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016
8
   
 
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Capital for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018
9
   
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016
10
   
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
12
   
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
2728
   
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks
3635
   
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
3736
   
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION 
   
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
3837
   
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
3837
   
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
37
Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
38
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
38
   
Item 5.
Other Information
38
   
Item 6.
Exhibits
39
   
Signatures
4041

Part I – Financial Information

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except parenthetical and share amounts)
ASSETSSeptember 30, 2017 December 31, 2016March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
Real estate:      
Rental properties:      
Land and land improvements$2,719,064
 $2,559,743
$2,719,064
 $2,719,064
Buildings and improvements10,585,742
 10,116,563
10,657,671
 10,629,767
13,304,806
 12,676,306
13,376,735
 13,348,831
Less: accumulated depreciation(2,651,542) (2,311,546)(2,888,130) (2,769,297)
10,653,264
 10,364,760
10,488,605
 10,579,534
Real estate under development313,825
 190,505
395,710
 355,735
Co-investments1,124,577
 1,161,275
1,290,957
 1,155,984
Real estate held for sale, net—
 101,957
12,091,666
 11,818,497
12,175,272
 12,091,253
Cash and cash equivalents-unrestricted46,507
 64,921
121,954
 44,620
Cash and cash equivalents-restricted16,766
 105,381
17,124
 16,506
Marketable securities184,574
 139,189
197,745
 190,004
Notes and other receivables (includes related party receivables of $65.6 million and $11.3 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively)121,557
 40,970
Notes and other receivables (includes related party receivables of $9.9 million and $41.2 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)70,525
 100,926
Prepaid expenses and other assets51,453
 48,450
60,047
 52,397
Total assets$12,512,523
 $12,217,408
$12,642,667
 $12,495,706
      
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY 
  
 
  
Unsecured debt, net$3,501,146
 $3,246,779
$3,797,923
 $3,501,709
Mortgage notes payable, net2,111,467
 2,191,481
1,921,047
 2,008,417
Lines of credit2,609
 125,000
—
 179,000
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities222,122
 138,226
179,641
 127,501
Construction payable59,767
 35,909
48,223
 51,770
Dividends payable121,496
 110,170
129,038
 121,420
Distributions in excess of investments in co-investments36,245
 —
—
 36,726
Other liabilities33,733
 32,922
33,477
 33,132
Total liabilities6,088,585
 5,880,487
6,109,349
 6,059,675
Commitments and contingencies

 



 

Redeemable noncontrolling interest40,044
 44,684
41,159
 39,206
Equity: 
  
 
  
Common stock; $0.0001 par value, 670,000,000 shares authorized; 66,002,487 and 65,527,993 shares issued and outstanding, respectively6
 6
Common stock; $0.0001 par value, 670,000,000 shares authorized; 66,044,441 and 66,054,399 shares issued and outstanding, respectively7
 7
Additional paid-in capital7,111,866
 7,029,679
7,127,248
 7,129,571
Distributions in excess of accumulated earnings(821,732) (805,409)(743,773) (833,726)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net(24,632) (32,098)(14,709) (18,446)
Total stockholders' equity6,265,508
 6,192,178
6,368,773
 6,277,406
Noncontrolling interest118,386
 100,059
123,386
 119,419
Total equity6,383,894
 6,292,237
6,492,159
 6,396,825
Total liabilities and equity$12,512,523
 $12,217,408
$12,642,667
 $12,495,706

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017
Revenues:          
Rental and other property$341,974
 $327,078
 $1,011,908
 $958,818
$344,947
 $333,168
Management and other fees from affiliates2,395
 2,093
 6,927
 6,145
2,308
 2,236
344,369
 329,171
 1,018,835
 964,963
347,255
 335,404
Expenses: 
  
     
  
Property operating, excluding real estate taxes66,606
 63,781
 193,632
 185,390
57,250
 56,136
Real estate taxes37,531
 35,580
 108,283
 104,540
37,713
 35,868
Corporate-level property management expenses7,770
 7,509
Depreciation and amortization117,451
 110,467
 350,893
 329,847
119,105
 115,503
General and administrative9,788
 9,647
 30,726
 28,527
14,813
 10,601
Acquisition and investment related costs324
 284
 1,154
 1,379
Expensed acquisition and investment related costs57
 556
231,700
 219,759
 684,688
 649,683
236,708
 226,173
Earnings from operations112,669
 109,412
 334,147
 315,280
110,547
 109,231
Interest expense(55,938) (56,693) (167,333) (164,727)(54,861) (54,583)
Total return swap income2,538
 3,143
 7,653
 9,080
2,270
 2,584
Interest and other income5,790
 4,943
 17,916
 19,560
5,909
 6,764
Equity income from co-investments19,727
 9,568
 40,934
 38,932
32,774
 10,899
Loss on early retirement of debt—
 (211) —
 (211)
Gain on sale of real estate and land249
 —
 26,423
 20,258
—
 26,174
Deferred tax expense on gain on sale of real estate and land—
 —
 —
 (4,279)
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment—
 —
 88,641
 —
—
 86,482
Net income85,035
 70,162
 348,381
 233,893
96,639
 187,551
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest(5,312) (4,601) (18,935) (14,483)(5,721) (8,587)
Net income attributable to controlling interest79,723
 65,561
 329,446
 219,410
Dividends to preferred stockholders—
 —
 —
 (1,314)
Excess of redemption value of preferred stock over the carrying value—
 —
 —
 (2,541)
Net income available to common stockholders$79,723
 $65,561
 $329,446
 $215,555
$90,918
 $178,964
Comprehensive income$88,870
 $73,173
 $356,102
 $235,874
$102,815
 $189,764
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest(5,438) (4,700) (19,190) (14,548)(5,926) (8,661)
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest$83,432
 $68,473
 $336,912
 $221,326
$96,889
 $181,103
Per share data: 
  
     
  
Basic: 
  
     
  
Net income available to common stockholders$1.21
 $1.00
 $5.01
 $3.29
$1.38
 $2.73
Weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period65,994,896
 65,507,669
 65,759,450
 65,455,004
66,044,022
 65,549,484
Diluted: 
  
     
  
Net income available to common stockholders$1.21
 $1.00
 $5.00
 $3.29
$1.38
 $2.72
Weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period66,078,283
 65,617,551
 65,836,965
 65,578,661
66,082,517
 65,859,490
Dividend per common share$1.75
 $1.60
 $5.25
 $4.80
$1.86
 $1.75

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Equity for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
 Common stock Additional paid-in capital 
Distributions
in excess of accumulated earnings
 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive loss, net
 Noncontrolling Interest   Common stock Additional paid-in capital 
Distributions
in excess of accumulated earnings
 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive loss, net
 Noncontrolling Interest  
 Shares Amount Total Shares Amount Total
Balances at December 31, 2016 65,528
 $6
 $7,029,679
 $(805,409) $(32,098) $100,059
 $6,292,237
Balances at December 31, 2017 66,054
 $7
 $7,129,571
 $(833,726) $(18,446) $119,419
 $6,396,825
Net income —
 —
 —
 329,446
 —
 18,935
 348,381
 —
 —
 —
 90,918
 —
 5,721
 96,639
Reversal of unrealized gains upon the sale of marketable securities —
 —
 —
 —
 (1,596) (54) (1,650)
Reversal of unrealized gains upon the sale of marketable debt securities —
 —
 —
 —
 (1) —
 (1)
Change in fair value of derivatives and amortization of swap settlements —
 —
 —
 —
 7,160
 245
 7,405
 —
 —
 —
 —
 6,046
 208
 6,254
Change in fair value of marketable securities, net —
 —
 —
 —
 1,902
 64
 1,966
Change in fair value of marketable debt securities, net —
 —
 —
 —
 (74) (3) (77)
Issuance of common stock under:  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Stock option and restricted stock plans, net 160
 —
 24,079
 —
 —
 —
 24,079
 7
 —
 1,222
 —
 —
 —
 1,222
Sale of common stock, net 312
 —
 80,377
 —
 —
 —
 80,377
 —
 —
 (67) —
 —
 —
 (67)
Equity based compensation costs —
 —
 3,814
 —
 —
 1,080
 4,894
 —
 —
 2,253
 —
 —
 277
 2,530
Retirement of common stock, net (17) —
 (3,774) —
 —
 —
 (3,774)
Cumulative effect upon adoption of ASU 2016-01 —
 —
 —
 2,234
 (2,234) —
 —
Cumulative effect upon adoption of ASU 2017-05 —
 —
 —
 119,651
 —
 4,057
 123,708
Changes in the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest —
 —
 (916) —
 —
 13
 (903) —
 —
 (1,957) —
 —
 4
 (1,953)
Contributions from noncontrolling interest —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 22,506
 22,506
Distributions to noncontrolling interest —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (21,072) (21,072) —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (6,297) (6,297)
Redemptions of noncontrolling interest 2
 —
 (25,167) —
 —
 (3,390) (28,557)
Common stock dividends —
 —
 —
 (345,769) —
 —
 (345,769) —
 —
 —
 (122,850) —
 —
 (122,850)
Balances at September 30, 2017 66,002
 $6
 $7,111,866
 $(821,732) $(24,632) $118,386
 $6,383,894
Balances at March 31, 2018 66,044
 $7
 $7,127,248
 $(743,773) $(14,709) $123,386
 $6,492,159

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
(In thousands) 
Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2017 20162018 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net income$348,381
 $233,893
$96,639
 $187,551
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: 
  
 
  
Depreciation and amortization350,893
 329,847
119,105
 115,503
Amortization of discount on marketable securities and other investments(11,128) (10,771)
Amortization of discount on marketable securities(4,157) (3,573)
Amortization of (premium) discount and debt financing costs, net(5,132) (11,432)(664) (3,309)
Gain on sale of marketable securities and other investments(1,650) (2,876)(680) (1,605)
Company's share of gain on the sales of co-investments(10,058) (13,046)
Unrealized loss on equity securities recognized through income

876
 —
Earnings from co-investments(30,876) (25,886)(32,774) (10,899)
Operating distributions from co-investments47,702
 45,342
40,437
 12,358
Accrued interest from notes and other receivables(1,294) (647)
Gain on the sale of real estate and land(26,423) (20,258)—
 (26,174)
Equity-based compensation4,894
 4,436
2,090
 1,253
Loss on early retirement of debt, net—
 211
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment(88,641) —
—
 (86,482)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:      
Prepaid expenses, receivables and other assets(7,862) 656
(3,716) (3,889)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities50,788
 49,961
52,151
 42,482
Other liabilities399
 420
345
 737
Net cash provided by operating activities621,287
 580,497
268,358
 223,306
Cash flows from investing activities: 
  
 
  
Additions to real estate: 
  
 
  
Acquisitions of real estate and acquisition related capital expenditures(200,028) (124,054)(2,873) (187,917)
Redevelopment(50,642) (62,983)(15,893) (12,240)
Development acquisitions of and additions to real estate under development(92,936) (58,575)(38,203) (30,457)
Capital expenditures on rental properties(46,455) (40,503)(14,947) (10,885)
Investments in notes receivable(76,961) (4,375)—
 (8,750)
Collections of notes receivable29,500
 —
Proceeds from insurance for property losses648
 3,288
565
 435
Proceeds from dispositions of real estate132,039
 48,008
—
 131,230
Contributions to co-investments(231,552) (121,972)(56,020) (120,816)
Changes in restricted cash and refundable deposits91,209
 65,858
Changes in refundable deposits410
 512
Purchases of marketable securities(65,668) (18,779)(13,437) (20,939)
Sales and maturities of marketable securities and other investments33,377
 14,708
Sales and maturities of marketable securities9,579
 24,903
Non-operating distributions from co-investments112,572
 34,564
2,330
 55,025
Net cash used in investing activities(394,397) (264,815)(98,989) (179,899)
Cash flows from financing activities: 
  
 
  
Proceeds from unsecured debt and mortgage notes597,981
 499,724
298,773
 250,000
Payments on unsecured debt and mortgage notes(460,040) (244,583)(83,748) (308,020)
Proceeds from lines of credit564,833
 321,373
256,832
 404,562
Repayments of lines of credit(687,224) (336,373)(435,832) (353,329)
Repayment of cumulative redeemable preferred stock—
 (73,750)
Retirement of common stock(3,774) —
Additions to deferred charges(4,108) (5,300)(3,283) (1,014)
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock80,377
 (382)(67) (65)
Net proceeds from stock options exercised24,079
 17,878
1,222
 5,794
Payments related to tax withholding for share-based compensation(118) (222)(11) (33)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest(20,405) (19,844)(5,926) (5,425)
Redemption of noncontrolling interest(4,849) (2,435)—
 (1,070)
Redemption of redeemable noncontrolling interest(720) —

Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2017 20162018 2017
Common and preferred stock dividends paid(335,110) (306,284)(115,603) (104,857)
Net cash used in financing activities(245,304) (150,198)(91,417) (113,457)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents(18,414) 165,484
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period64,921
 29,683
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$46,507
 $195,167
Net increase (decrease) in unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents77,952
 (70,050)
Unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period61,126
 170,302
Unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period$139,078
 $100,252
      
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:      
Cash paid for interest, net of $10.0 million and $9.4 million capitalized in 2017 and 2016, respectively$148,742
 $140,183
Cash paid for interest, net of $4.2 million and $3.3 million capitalized in 2018 and 2017, respectively$40,306
 $48,397
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities: 
  
 
  
Issuance of DownREIT units in connection with acquisition of real estate$22,506
 $—
$—
 $22,506
Transfers between real estate under development to rental properties, net$2,195
 $106,255
$1
 $747
Transfer from real estate under development to co-investments$4,122
 $8,332
$365
 $2,080
Reclassifications to (from) redeemable noncontrolling interest to or from additional paid in capital and noncontrolling interest$903
 $(1,343)
Reclassifications to redeemable noncontrolling interest from additional paid in capital and noncontrolling interest$1,953
 $731
Debt assumed in connection with acquisition$51,882
 $48,832
$—
 $51,882

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P.  AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except parenthetical and unit amounts)
September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
ASSETS      
Real estate:      
Rental properties:      
Land and land improvements$2,719,064
 $2,559,743
$2,719,064
 $2,719,064
Buildings and improvements10,585,742
 10,116,563
10,657,671
 10,629,767
13,304,806
 12,676,306
13,376,735
 13,348,831
Less: accumulated depreciation(2,651,542) (2,311,546)(2,888,130) (2,769,297)
10,653,264
 10,364,760
10,488,605
 10,579,534
Real estate under development313,825
 190,505
395,710
 355,735
Co-investments1,124,577
 1,161,275
1,290,957
 1,155,984
Real estate held for sale, net—
 101,957
12,091,666
 11,818,497
12,175,272
 12,091,253
Cash and cash equivalents-unrestricted46,507
 64,921
121,954
 44,620
Cash and cash equivalents-restricted16,766
 105,381
17,124
 16,506
Marketable securities184,574
 139,189
197,745
 190,004
Notes and other receivables (includes related party receivables of $65.6 million and $11.3 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively)121,557
 40,970
Notes and other receivables (includes related party receivables of $9.9 million and $41.2 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)70,525
 100,926
Prepaid expenses and other assets51,453
 48,450
60,047
 52,397
Total assets$12,512,523

$12,217,408
$12,642,667

$12,495,706
      
LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL 
  
 
  
Unsecured debt, net$3,501,146
 $3,246,779
$3,797,923
 $3,501,709
Mortgage notes payable, net2,111,467
 2,191,481
1,921,047
 2,008,417
Lines of credit2,609
 125,000
—
 179,000
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities222,122
 138,226
179,641
 127,501
Construction payable59,767
 35,909
48,223
 51,770
Distributions payable121,496
 110,170
129,038
 121,420
Distributions in excess of investments in co-investments36,245
 —
—
 36,726
Other liabilities33,733
 32,922
33,477
 33,132
Total liabilities6,088,585

5,880,487
6,109,349

6,059,675
Commitments and contingencies

 



 

Redeemable noncontrolling interest40,044
 44,684
41,159
 39,206
Capital: 
  
 
  
General Partner:      
Common equity (66,002,487 and 65,527,993 units issued and outstanding, respectively)6,290,140
 6,224,276
Common equity (66,044,441 and 66,054,399 units issued and outstanding, respectively)6,383,482
 6,295,852
6,290,140

6,224,276
6,383,482

6,295,852
Limited Partners:      
Common equity (2,251,112 and 2,237,290 units issued and outstanding, respectively)49,498
 49,436
Common equity (2,273,413 and 2,268,114 units issued and outstanding, respectively)53,003
 49,792
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(21,627) (29,348)(11,281) (15,229)
Total partners' capital6,318,011

6,244,364
6,425,204

6,330,415
Noncontrolling interest65,883
 47,873
66,955
 66,410
Total capital6,383,894

6,292,237
6,492,159

6,396,825
Total liabilities and capital$12,512,523

$12,217,408
$12,642,667

$12,495,706

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except unit and per unit amounts)
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017
Revenues:          
Rental and other property$341,974
 $327,078
 $1,011,908
 $958,818
$344,947
 $333,168
Management and other fees from affiliates2,395
 2,093
 6,927
 6,145
2,308
 2,236
344,369
 329,171
 1,018,835
 964,963
347,255
 335,404
Expenses: 
  
     
  
Property operating, excluding real estate taxes66,606
 63,781
 193,632
 185,390
57,250
 56,136
Real estate taxes37,531
 35,580
 108,283
 104,540
37,713
 35,868
Corporate-level property management expenses7,770
 7,509
Depreciation and amortization117,451
 110,467
 350,893
 329,847
119,105
 115,503
General and administrative9,788
 9,647
 30,726
 28,527
14,813
 10,601
Acquisition and investment related costs324
 284
 1,154
 1,379
Expensed acquisition and investment related costs57
 556
231,700
 219,759
 684,688
 649,683
236,708
 226,173
Earnings from operations112,669
 109,412
 334,147
 315,280
110,547
 109,231
Interest expense(55,938) (56,693) (167,333) (164,727)(54,861) (54,583)
Total return swap income2,538
 3,143
 7,653
 9,080
2,270
 2,584
Interest and other income5,790
 4,943
 17,916
 19,560
5,909
 6,764
Equity income from co-investments19,727
 9,568
 40,934
 38,932
32,774
 10,899
Loss on early retirement of debt, net—
 (211) —
 (211)
Gain on sale of real estate and land249
 —
 26,423
 20,258
—
 26,174
Deferred tax expense on gain on sale of real estate and land—
 —
 —
 (4,279)
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment—
 —
 88,641
 —
—
 86,482
Net income85,035
 70,162
 348,381
 233,893
96,639
 187,551
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest(2,591) (2,378) (7,646) (7,026)(2,589) (2,441)
Net income attributable to controlling interest82,444
 67,784
 340,735
 226,867
Preferred interest distributions—
 —
 —
 (1,314)
Excess of redemption value of preferred units over the carrying value—
 —
 —
 (2,541)
Net income available to common unitholders$82,444
 $67,784
 $340,735
 $223,012
$94,050
 $185,110
Comprehensive income$88,870
 $73,173
 $356,102
 $235,874
$102,815
 $189,764
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest(2,591) (2,378) (7,646) (7,026)(2,589) (2,441)
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest$86,279
 $70,795
 $348,456
 $228,848
$100,226
 $187,323
Per unit data: 
  
     
  
Basic: 
  
     
  
Net income available to common unitholders$1.21
 $1.00
 $5.01
 $3.30
$1.38
 $2.73
Weighted average number of common units outstanding during the period68,246,008
 67,728,621
 68,011,123
 67,679,240
68,317,435
 67,801,718
Diluted:          
Net income available to common unitholders$1.21
 $1.00
 $5.00
 $3.29
$1.38
 $2.72
Weighted average number of common units outstanding during the period68,329,395
 67,838,503
 68,088,638
 67,802,897
68,355,930
 68,111,724
Distribution per common unit$1.75
 $1.60
 $5.25
 $4.80
$1.86
 $1.75

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Capital for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
General Partner Limited Partners Accumulated other comprehensive loss    General Partner Limited Partners Accumulated other comprehensive loss    
Common Equity Common Equity Noncontrolling Interest  Common Equity Common Equity Noncontrolling Interest  
Units Amount Units Amount TotalUnits Amount Units Amount Total
Balances at December 31, 201665,528
 $6,224,276
 2,237
 $49,436
 $(29,348) $47,873
 $6,292,237
Balances at December 31, 201766,054
 $6,295,852
 2,268
 $49,792
 $(15,229) $66,410
 $6,396,825
Net income—
 329,446
 —
 11,289
 —
 7,646
 348,381
—
 90,918
 —
 3,132
 —
 2,589
 96,639
Reversal of unrealized gains upon the sale of marketable securities—
 —
 —
 —
 (1,650) —
 (1,650)
Reversal of unrealized gains upon the sale of marketable debt securities—
 —
 —
 —
 (1) —
 (1)
Change in fair value of derivatives and amortization of swap settlements—
 —
 —
 —
 7,405
 —
 7,405
—
 —
 —
 —
 6,254
 —
 6,254
Change in fair value of marketable securities, net—
 —
 —
 —
 1,966
 —
 1,966
Change in fair value of marketable debt securities, net—
 —
 —
 —
 (77) —
 (77)
Issuance of common units under: 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
General partner's stock based compensation, net160
 24,079
 —
 —
 —
 —
 24,079
7
 1,222
 —
 —
 —
 —
 1,222
Sale of common stock by general partner, net312
 80,377
 —
 —
 —
 —
 80,377
—
 (67) —
 —
 —
 —
 (67)
Equity based compensation costs—
 3,814
 16
 1,080
 —
 —
 4,894
—
 2,253
 5
 277
 —
 —
 2,530
Retirement of common units, net(17) (3,774) —
 —
 —
 —
 (3,774)
Cumulative effect upon adoption of ASU 2016-01—
 2,234
 —
 (6) (2,228) —
 —
Cumulative effect upon adoption of ASU 2017-05—
 119,651
 —
 4,057
 —
 —
 123,708
Changes in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest—
 (916) —
 78
 —
 (65) (903)—
 (1,957) —
 4
 —
 —
 (1,953)
Contributions from noncontrolling interest—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 22,506
 22,506
Distributions to noncontrolling interest—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (9,092) (9,092)—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (2,044) (2,044)
Redemptions2
 (25,167) (2) (405) —
 (2,985) (28,557)
Distributions declared—
 (345,769) —
 (11,980) —
 —
 (357,749)—
 (122,850) —
 (4,253) —
 —
 (127,103)
Balances at September 30, 201766,002
 $6,290,140
 2,251
 $49,498
 $(21,627) $65,883
 $6,383,894
Balances at March 31, 201866,044
 $6,383,482
 2,273
 $53,003
 $(11,281) $66,955
 $6,492,159

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2017 20162018 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net income$348,381
 $233,893
$96,639
 $187,551
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: 
  
 
  
Depreciation and amortization350,893
 329,847
119,105
 115,503
Amortization of discount on marketable securities and other investments(11,128) (10,771)
Amortization of discount on marketable securities(4,157) (3,573)
Amortization of (premium) discount and debt financing costs, net(5,132) (11,432)(664) (3,309)
Gain on sale of marketable securities and other investments(1,650) (2,876)(680) (1,605)
Company's share of gain on the sales of co-investment(10,058) (13,046)
Unrealized loss on equity securities recognized through income876
 —
Earnings from co-investments(30,876) (25,886)(32,774) (10,899)
Operating distributions from co-investments47,702
 45,342
40,437
 12,358
Accrued interest from notes and other receivables(1,294) (647)
Gain on the sale of real estate and land(26,423) (20,258)—
 (26,174)
Equity-based compensation4,894
 4,436
2,090
 1,253
Loss on early retirement of debt—
 211
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment(88,641) —
—
 (86,482)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: 
  
 
  
Prepaid expense, receivables and other assets(7,862) 656
(3,716) (3,889)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities50,788
 49,961
52,151
 42,482
Other liabilities399
 420
345
 737
Net cash provided by operating activities621,287
 580,497
268,358
 223,306
Cash flows from investing activities: 
  
 
  
Additions to real estate: 
  
 
  
Acquisitions of real estate and acquisition related capital expenditures(200,028) (124,054)(2,873) (187,917)
Redevelopment(50,642) (62,983)(15,893) (12,240)
Development acquisitions of and additions to real estate under development(92,936) (58,575)(38,203) (30,457)
Capital expenditures on rental properties(46,455) (40,503)(14,947) (10,885)
Investments in notes receivable(76,961) (4,375)—
 (8,750)
Collections of notes receivable29,500
 —
Proceeds from insurance for property losses648
 3,288
565
 435
Proceeds from dispositions of real estate132,039
 48,008
—
 131,230
Contributions to co-investments(231,552) (121,972)(56,020) (120,816)
Changes in restricted cash and refundable deposits91,209
 65,858
Changes in refundable deposits410
 512
Purchases of marketable securities(65,668) (18,779)(13,437) (20,939)
Sales and maturities of marketable securities and other investments33,377
 14,708
Sales and maturities of marketable securities9,579
 24,903
Non-operating distributions from co-investments112,572
 34,564
2,330
 55,025
Net cash used in investing activities(394,397) (264,815)(98,989) (179,899)
Cash flows from financing activities: 
  
 
  
Proceeds from unsecured debt and mortgage notes597,981
 499,724
298,773
 250,000
Payments on unsecured debt and mortgage notes(460,040) (244,583)(83,748) (308,020)
Proceeds from lines of credit564,833
 321,373
256,832
 404,562
Repayments of lines of credit(687,224) (336,373)(435,832) (353,329)
Repayment of cumulative redeemable preferred stock—
 (73,750)
Retirement of common units(3,774) —
Additions to deferred charges(4,108) (5,300)(3,283) (1,014)
Net proceeds from issuance of common units80,377
 (382)(67) (65)
Net proceeds from stock options exercised24,079
 17,878
1,222
 5,794
Payments related to tax withholding for share-based compensation(118) (222)(11) (33)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest(5,568) (5,171)(2,267) (5,425)
Redemption of noncontrolling interest(4,849) (2,435)—
 (1,070)
Redemption of redeemable noncontrolling interest(720) —

Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2017 20162018 2017
Common and preferred units and preferred interest distributions paid(349,947) (320,957)(119,262) (104,857)
Net cash used in financing activities(245,304) (150,198)(91,417) (113,457)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents(18,414) 165,484
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period64,921
 29,683
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$46,507
 $195,167
Net increase (decrease) in unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents77,952
 (70,050)
Unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period61,126
 170,302
Unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period$139,078
 $100,252
      
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:      
Cash paid for interest, net of $10.0 million and $9.4 million capitalized in 2017 and 2016, respectively$148,742
 $140,183
Cash paid for interest, net of $4.2 million and $3.3 million capitalized in 2018 and 2017, respectively$40,306
 $48,397
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities: 
  
 
  
Issuance of DownREIT units in connection with acquisition of real estate$22,506
 $—
$—
 $22,506
Transfers between real estate under development to rental properties, net$2,195
 $106,255
$1
 $747
Transfer from real estate under development to co-investments$4,122
 $8,332
$365
 $2,080
Reclassifications to (from) redeemable noncontrolling interest to or from general partner capital and noncontrolling interest$903
 $(1,343)
Reclassifications to redeemable noncontrolling interest from general partner capital and noncontrolling interest$1,953
 $731
Debt assumed in connection with acquisition$51,882
 $48,832
$—
 $51,882

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016
(Unaudited)

(1) Organization and Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements present the accounts of Essex Property Trust, Inc. (“Essex” or the “Company”), which include the accounts of the Company and Essex Portfolio, L.P. and its subsidiaries (the “Operating Partnership,” which holds the operating assets of the Company), prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented have been included and are normal and recurring in nature. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017.

All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Certain reclassifications have been made to conform to the current year’s presentation.presentation, including the reclassification of corporate-level property management expenses out of property operating, excluding real estate taxes to its own line item on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 include the accounts of the Company and the Operating Partnership. Essex is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, with a 96.7% general partnership interest as of both September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016.2017. Total Operating Partnership limited partnership units ("(“OP Units"Units”) outstanding were 2,251,1122,273,413 and 2,237,2902,268,114 as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively, and the redemption value of the units, based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock totaled $571.8approximately $547.2 million and $520.2$547.5 million as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively.

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Company owned or had ownership interests in 247 stabilizedoperating apartment communities, aggregating 60,30560,240 apartment homes, excluding the Company’s ownership in preferred interest co-investments (collectively, the “Communities”,“Communities,” and individually, a “Community”), one operating commercial building and seven active developments (collectively, the “Portfolio”). The Communities are located in Southern California (Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, and Ventura counties), Northern California (the San Francisco Bay Area) and the Seattle metropolitan areas.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in the Current Year

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"(“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU"(“ASU”) No. 2014-09 "Revenue“Revenue from Contracts with Customers."” The new standard provides a single comprehensive revenue recognition model for contracts with customers (excluding certain contracts, such as lease contracts) to improve comparability within industries. The new standard requires an entity to recognize revenue to reflect the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount the entity expects to be paid in exchange for those goods and services and provide enhanced disclosures, all to provide more comprehensive guidance for transactions such as service revenue and contract modifications. In August 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date of theThe new standard by one year, and it is now effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The new standard may be applied using either a full retrospective or a modified approach upon adoption. The Company does not expect to early adopt and expects to adoptadopted ASU No. 2014-09 as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this new standard will have on its recording of revenue related to its revenue streams and related disclosures. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this new standard will have a material effect on its consolidated results of operations or financial position.See Note 3, Revenues, for further details.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01 "Recognition“Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities",Liabilities,” which requires changes to the classification and measurement of investments in certain equity securities and to the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value. The new standard will beis effective for theinterim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company beginning onadopted ASU No. 2016-01 as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method by applying a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings and earlypartners' capital of $2.2 million, representing accumulated net unrealized gains of certain equity securities held by the Company. Furthermore, as a result of the adoption of this standard, the Company will recognize changes in the fair value of equity investments with readily determinable fair values through net income as opposed to comprehensive income.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15 “Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments,” which requires entities to adhere to a uniform classification and presentation of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this update provide guidance on eight specific cash flow issues. The new standard

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2018 and 2017
(Unaudited)

is permitted.effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company doesadopted ASU No. 2016-15 as of January 1, 2018 using the retrospective transition method. This amendment did not expect that this amendment will have a material effectimpact on itsthe Company's consolidated results of operations or financial position.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18 “Statement of Cash Flows,” which requires entities to include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the reconciliation of beginning-of-period to the end-of-period of cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. This new standard seeks to eliminate the current diversity in practice in how changes in restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents is presented in the statement of cash flows. The new standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-18 as of January 1, 2018 using the retrospective transition method. This amendment did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial position.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01 “Business Combinations: Clarifying the Definition of a Business,” (“ASU No. 2017-01”) which provides a new framework for determining whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. Previously, U.S. GAAP did not specify the minimum inputs and processes required for an integrated set of assets and activities to meet the definition of a business, causing a broad interpretation of the definition of a business. The new standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted ASU No. 2017-01 as of January 1, 2018 prospectively. The Company expects that substantially all of its acquisitions of communities will qualify as asset acquisitions and transaction costs related to these acquisitions will be capitalized upon adoption.

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-05 “Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets,” (“ASU No. 2017-05”) which adds guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets, including partial sales of real estate. Historically, U.S. GAAP contained several different accounting models to evaluate whether the transfer of certain assets qualified for sale treatment. This new standard reduces the number of potential accounting models that might apply and clarifies which model does apply in various circumstances. Partial sales of nonfinancial assets are common in the real estate industry and include transactions in which the seller retains an equity interest in the entity that owns the assets or has an equity interest in the buyer. The new standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Management performed an evaluation of all of the Company's contracts that may be affected by the new standard. The Company adopted ASU No. 2017-05 concurrently with the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” as of January 1, 2018 using the modified-retrospective method by applying a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings and partners' capital of $123.7 million, representing the partial sale of its membership interest in BEX II, LLC (“BEX II”) during the fourth quarter of 2016.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 "Leases",“Leases,” which requires an entity that is a lessee to classify leases as either finance or operating and to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases that have a duration of greater than 12 months. Leases of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. For lessors, accounting for leases under the new standard will be substantially the same as existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases, and operating leases, but eliminates current real estate specific provisions and changes the treatment of

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2017 and 2016
(Unaudited)

initial direct costs. The new standard will be effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2019 and early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The new standard must be applied using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its consolidated results of operations and financial position.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13 "Measurement“Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments",Instruments,” which amends the current approach to estimate credit losses on certain financial assets, including trade and other receivables, available-for-sale securities, and other financial instruments. Generally, this amendment requires entities to establish a valuation allowance for the expected lifetime losses of these certain financial assets. Subsequent changes in the valuation allowance are recorded in current earnings and reversal of previous losses are permitted. Currently, U.S. GAAP requires entities to write down credit losses only when losses are probable and loss reversals are not permitted. The new standard will be effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its consolidated results of operations and financial position.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15 "Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments", which requires entities

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to adhere to a uniform classification and presentation of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this update provide guidance on eight specific cash flow issues. The new standard will be effective for the Company beginning on January 1,Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the impact of this amendment to be material on its consolidated results of operations or financial position.2017

(Unaudited)
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18 "Statement of Cash Flows", which requires entities to include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the reconciliation of beginning-of-period to the end-of-period of cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. This new standard seeks to eliminate the current diversity in practice in how changes in restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents is presented in the statement of cash flows. This new standard will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the impact of this amendment to be material on its consolidated results of operations or financial position.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01 "Business Combinations: Clarifying the Definition of a Business", which provides a new framework for determining whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. Currently, U.S. GAAP does not specify the minimum inputs and processes required for an integrated set of assets and activities to meet the definition of a business, causing a broad interpretation of the definition of a business. This new standard will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The Company expects that substantially all of its acquisitions of communities will qualify as asset acquisitions and transaction costs related to these acquisitions will be capitalized upon adoption.

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-05 "Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets", which adds guidance for partial sales of nonfinanical assets, including partial sales of real estate. Historically, U.S. GAAP contained several different accounting models to evaluate whether the transfer of certain assets qualified for sale treatment. This new standard reduces the number of potential accounting models that might apply and clarifies which model does apply in various circumstances. Partial sales of nonfinancial assets are common in the real estate industry and include transactions in which the seller retains an equity interest in the entity that owns the assets or has an equity interest in the buyer. This new standard will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt this new standard concurrently with the adoption of ASU 2014-09 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" and is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its consolidated results of operations and financial position.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12 "Derivatives“Derivatives and Hedging - Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities",Activities,” which, among other things, requires entities to present the earnings effect of hedging instruments in the same income statement line item in which the earnings effect of the hedged item is reported. The new standard also adds new disclosure requirements. This new standard will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its consolidated results of operations and financial position.



ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2017 and 2016
(Unaudited)

Marketable Securities

The Company reports its equity securities and available for sale debt securities at fair value, based on quoted market prices (Level 1 for the common stock and investment funds, Level 2 for the unsecured bonds and Level 3 for investments in mortgage backed securities, as defined by the FASB standard for fair value measurements), and any. Any unrealized gain or loss in debt securities classified as available for sale is recorded as other comprehensive income. RealizedUnrealized gains and losses in equity securities, realized gains and losses in debt securities, interest income, and amortization of purchase discounts are included in interest and other income on the condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

As of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016, marketable2017, equity securities and available for sale debt securities consisted primarily of investment-grade unsecured bonds, common stock, investments in mortgage backed securities, and investment funds that invest in U.S. treasury or agency securities. As of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016,2017, the Company classified its investments in mortgage backed securities, which mature in November 2019 and September 2020, as held to maturity, and accordingly, these securities are stated at their amortized cost. The discount on the mortgage backed securities is being amortized to interest income based on an estimated yield and the maturity date of the securities.

As of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016,2017, marketable securities consist of the following ($ in thousands):

September 30, 2017March 31, 2018
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
 Carrying Value
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
 Carrying Value
Available for sale:     
Investment-grade unsecured bonds$4,450
 $(14) $4,436
Equity securities:     
Investment funds - debt securities28,067
 146
 28,213
$26,946
 $(360) $26,586
Investment funds - U.S. treasuries10,910
 (29) 10,881
11,250
 (86) 11,164
Common stock and stock funds33,816
 1,687
 35,503
39,620
 2,459
 42,079
Held to maturity: 
  
  
     
Debt securities:     
Available for sale     
Investment-grade unsecured bonds4,324
 (118) 4,206
Held to maturity   
  
Mortgage backed securities105,541
 —
 105,541
113,710
 —
 113,710
Total - Marketable securities$182,784
 $1,790
 $184,574
$195,850
 $1,895
 $197,745
     
December 31, 2016
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
 Carrying Value
Available for sale: 
  
  
Investment funds - debt securities$19,604
 $(73) $19,531
Investment funds - U.S. treasuries10,022
 (22) 10,000
Common stock and stock funds13,696
 1,569
 15,265
Held to maturity: 
  
  
Mortgage backed securities94,393
 —
 94,393
Total - Marketable securities$137,715
 $1,474
 $139,189

The Company uses the specific identification method to determine the cost basis of a security sold and to reclassify amounts from accumulated other comprehensive income for securities sold. 

For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the proceeds from sales and maturities of available for sale securities totaled $4.6 million and $3.5 million, respectively, which resulted in $32,000 realized gains and $1.0 million realized gains, respectively, for such periods. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the proceeds from sales and maturities of available for sale securities totaled $33.4 million and $14.7 million, respectively, which resulted in $1.7 million realized gains and $2.9 million realized gains, respectively, for such periods.

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016
(Unaudited)

 December 31, 2017
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
 Carrying Value
Equity securities:     
Investment funds - debt securities$27,914
 $(29) $27,885
Investment funds - U.S. treasuries10,999
 (55) 10,944
Common stock and stock funds34,329
 2,973
 37,302
     

Debt securities:     
Available for sale     
Investment-grade unsecured bonds4,365
 (40) 4,325
Held to maturity 
  
  
Mortgage backed securities109,548
 —
 109,548
Total - Marketable securities$187,155
 $2,849
 $190,004

The Company uses the specific identification method to determine the cost basis of a debt security sold and to reclassify amounts from accumulated other comprehensive income for such securities. 

For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable securities totaled $9.6 million and $24.9 million, respectively, which resulted in $0.7 million and $1.6 million in realized gains, respectively, for such periods.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the portion of equity security unrealized gains and losses that were recognized in income totaled $0.9 million in unrealized losses and is included in interest and other income on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Variable Interest Entities

In accordance with accounting standards for consolidation of variable interest entities ("VIEs"(“VIEs”), the Company consolidates the Operating Partnership, 16 DownREIT limited partnerships, (comprisingcomprising eight Communities),communities, (the “DownREIT limited partnerships,”) and eight co-investments as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2018. The Company consolidates these entities because it is deemed the primary beneficiary. The Company has no assets or liabilities other than its investment in the Operating Partnership. The consolidated total assets and liabilities related to the eight consolidated co-investments and 16 DownREIT limited partnerships, net of intercompany eliminations, were approximately $842.7$845.7 million and $278.7$266.4 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and $746.1$837.7 million and $221.3$265.5 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2016.2017. Noncontrolling interests in these entities were $66.1$67.2 million and $45.4$66.7 million as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively. The Company's financial risk in each VIE is limited to its equity investment in the VIE. As of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016,2017, the Company did not have any other VIEs of which it was deemed to be the primary beneficiary and did not have any VIEs of which it was not deemed to be the primary beneficiary.

Equity-based Compensation

The cost of shareshare- and unit basedunit-based compensation awards is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the awards. The estimated fair value of stock options and restricted stock granted by the Company are being amortized over the vesting period. The estimated grant date fair values of the long term incentive plan units (discussed in Note 12, “Equity Based Compensation Plans,” in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016)2017) are being amortized over the expected service periods.




ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2018 and 2017
(Unaudited)


Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Management believes that the carrying amounts of the outstanding balances under its lines of credit, and notes and other receivables approximate fair value as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016,2017, because interest rates, yields, and other terms for these instruments are consistent with yields and other terms currently available for similar instruments. Management has estimated that the fair value of the Company’s $5.0 billion of fixed rate debt with a carrying value of $5.1 billion and $4.9 billion, including unsecuredpremiums, discounts and debt financing costs, at both September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively, was approximately $5.1 billion and $5.0 billion. TheManagement has estimated that the fair value of the Company’s $612.1 million and $792.9 million of variable rate debt, net of debt financing costs, at September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016 approximates its fair value2017, respectively, was approximately $615.6 million and $793.9 million based on the terms of existing mortgage notes payable, unsecured debt, and variable rate demand notes compared to those available in the marketplace. Management believes that the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, construction payables, other liabilities, and dividends payable approximate fair value as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 20162017 due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. Marketable securities, except mortgage backed securities, and derivatives are carried at fair value as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016.2017.

At September 30,March 31, 2018, the Company’s investments in mortgage backed securities had a carrying value of $113.7 million and the Company estimated the fair value to be approximately $122.8 million. At December 31, 2017, the Company’s investments in mortgage backed securities had a carrying value of $105.5$109.5 million and the Company estimated the fair value to be approximately $117.6 million. At December 31, 2016, the Company’s investments in mortgage backed securities had a carrying value of $94.4 million and the Company estimated the fair value to be approximately $108.8$120.7 million. The Company determines the fair value of the mortgage backed securities based on unobservable inputs (level 3 of the fair value hierarchy) considering the assumptions that market participants would make in valuing these securities. Assumptions such as estimated default rates and discount rates are used to determine the expected discounted cash flows to estimate the fair value.
 
Capitalization of Costs

The Company’s capitalized internal costs related to development and redevelopment projects were comprised primarily of employee compensation and totaled $4.9$5.0 million and $4.8 million during the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017, and 2016, respectively, and $15.0 million and $14.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company capitalizes leasing commissions associated with the lease-up of development communities and amortizes the costs over the life of the leases. The amounts capitalized for leasing commissions are immaterial for all periods presented.





ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2017 and 2016
(Unaudited)

Co-investments

The Company owns investments in joint ventures (“co-investments”) in which it has significant influence, but its ownership interest does not meet the criteria for consolidation in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Therefore, the Company accounts for co-investments using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method of accounting, the investment is carried at the cost of assets contributed, plus the Company's equity in earnings less distributions received and the Company's share of losses. The significant accounting policies of the Company’s co-investment entities are consistent with those of the Company in all material respects.

Upon the acquisition of a controlling interest of a co-investment, the co-investment entity is consolidated and the transaction will be accounted for as a gainbusiness combination if the entity meets the definition of a business pursuant to ASU No. 2017-01, or lossan asset acquisition if the entity is recognized upon the remeasurement of co-investments in the condensed consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income equalnot determined to the amount by which the fair value of the co-investment interest the Company previously owned exceeds its carrying value.be a business. A majority of the co-investments, excluding the preferred equity investments, compensate the Company for its asset management services and some of these investments may provide promote income if certain financial return benchmarks are achieved. Asset management fees are recognized when earned, and promote fees are recognized when the earnings events have occurred and the amount is determinable and collectible. Any promote fees are reflected in equity income from co-investments.

The Company reports investments in co-investments where accumulated distributions have exceeded the Company’s investment as distributions in excess of investments in co-investments in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. TheAs of December 31, 2017, the net investment of one of the Company’s co-investments iswas less than zero as a result of financing distributions in excess of the Company's investment in that co-investment. As a result of the Company's adoption of ASU No. 2017-05 on January 1, 2018, the carrying value of this co-investment was greater than zero as of March 31, 2018.

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2018 and 2017
(Unaudited)


Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net by Component

Essex Property Trust, Inc.
($ in thousands):
Change in fair
value and amortization
of swap settlements
 
Unrealized
gains/(losses) on
available for sale
securities
 Total
Change in fair
value and amortization
of swap settlements
 
Unrealized
gains/(losses) on
available for sale securities
 Total
Balance at December 31, 2016$(32,963) $865
 $(32,098)
Balance at December 31, 2017$(20,641) $2,195
 $(18,446)
Cumulative effect upon adoption of ASU 2016-01—
 (2,234) (2,234)
Other comprehensive income before reclassification13,512
 1,902
 15,414
8,031
 (74) 7,957
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss(6,352) (1,596) (7,948)(1,985) (1) (1,986)
Other comprehensive income7,160
 306
 7,466
6,046
 (2,309) 3,737
Balance at September 30, 2017$(25,803) $1,171
 $(24,632)
Balance at March 31, 2018$(14,595) $(114) $(14,709)

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, by Component

Essex Portfolio, L.P.
($ in thousands):
 
Change in fair
value and amortization
of swap settlements
 
Unrealized
gains/(losses) on
available for sale
securities
 Total
Balance at December 31, 2016$(30,161) $813
 $(29,348)
Other comprehensive income before reclassification13,974
 1,966
 15,940
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss(6,569) (1,650) (8,219)
Other comprehensive income7,405
 316
 7,721
Balance at September 30, 2017$(22,756) $1,129
 $(21,627)


ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2017 and 2016
(Unaudited)
 
Change in fair
value and amortization
of swap settlements
 
Unrealized
gains/(losses) on
available for sale securities
 Total
Balance at December 31, 2017$(17,417) $2,188
 $(15,229)
Cumulative effect upon adoption of ASU 2016-01—
 (2,228) (2,228)
Other comprehensive income before reclassification8,307
 (77) 8,230
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss(2,053) (1) (2,054)
Other comprehensive income6,254
 (2,306) 3,948
Balance at March 31, 2018$(11,163) $(118) $(11,281)

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss in connection with derivatives are recorded in interest expense on the condensed consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses on available for sale debt securities are included in interest and other income on the condensed consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income.

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

The carrying value of redeemable noncontrolling interest in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets was $40.0$41.2 million and $44.7$39.2 million as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively. The limited partners may redeem their noncontrolling interests for cash in certain circumstances.

The changes to the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 is as follows ($ in thousands):
Balance at December 31, 2016$44,684
Balance at December 31, 2017$39,206
Reclassification due to change in redemption value and other903
1,953
Redemptions(5,543)—
Balance at September 30, 2017$40,044
Balance at March 31, 2018$41,159


ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2018 and 2017
(Unaudited)

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased are classified as cash equivalents. Restricted cash balances relate primarily to reserve requirements for capital replacement at certain communities in connection with the Company’s mortgage debt.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows ($ in thousands):
 March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents - unrestricted$121,954
 $44,620
 $84,344
 $64,921
Cash and cash equivalents - restricted17,124
 16,506
 15,908
 105,381
Total unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents shown in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows$139,078
 $61,126
 $100,252
 $170,302

Accounting Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to acquiring, developing and assessing the carrying values of its real estate portfolio, its investments in and advances to joint ventures and affiliates, its notes receivables, and its qualification as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”). The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, current market conditions, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may vary from those estimates and those estimates could be different under different assumptions or conditions.

(2)  Significant Transactions During The NineThree Months Ended 20172018 and Subsequent Events

Significant Transactions

AcquisitionsPreferred Equity Investments

In January 2017,2018, the Company purchased its joint venture partner's 50.0% interest in Palm Valley,received cash of $2.4 million for a contract pricethe full redemption of $183.0 million. Prior to the purchase, an approximately $220.0 million mortgage encumbered the property. Concurrent with the closing of the acquisition, the entire mortgage balance was repaid and the property is now unencumbered. Palm Valley has 1,098 apartment homes, within four communities, and is located in San Jose, CA. As a result of this acquisition, the Company realized a gain on remeasurement of co-investment of $88.6 million upon consolidation.

In March 2017, the Company converted its existing $15.3 million preferred equity investment in Sagea co-investment that holds property in Seattle, WA.

Notes Receivable

In January 2018, the Village at Cupertino,Toluca Lake, a 230 apartment home communityproperty located in San Jose,Burbank, CA intoand owned by BEX III, LLC (“BEX III”), a 40.5% common equity ownership interestCompany co-investment, paid off a $29.5 million bridge loan provided by the Company in the property. The Company issued DownREIT units to the other members, including an affiliate of the Marcus & Millichap Company, based on an estimated property valuation of $90.0 million.November 2017. See Note 5,6, Related Party Transactions, for additional details. Atdetails related to the time of acquisition, the property was encumbered by a $52.0 millionrelated party bridge loan from the Company. The Company consolidates the property based on a VIE analysis performed by the Company.loan.
Co-Investments

The consolidated fair valueIn March 2018, the BEXAEW, LLC (“BEXAEW”) joint venture operating agreement was amended, and the joint venture was extended. Under the amendment, the Company received a cash payment for promote income of acquired communities listed$20.5 million, which is included in the preceding paragraphs above were includedequity income from co-investments on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet as follows: $169.5statements of income and comprehensive income.

Senior Unsecured Debt

In March 2018, the Company issued $300.0 million was includedof 30-year 4.500% senior unsecured notes. The interest is paid semi-annually in landarrears on March 15 and land improvements, $365.7 million was included in buildings and improvements, and $3.2 million was included in prepaid expenses and other assets.

September 15 of each year commencing on September 15, 2018 until the maturity date of

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016
(Unaudited)

In August 2017, a Company co-investment, Wesco V, LLC ("Wesco V") acquired 8th & Republican, a 211 apartment home community located in Seattle, WA, for a total contract price of $101.3 million. The property is encumbered by a $55.0 million related party bridge loan from the Company, which accrues interest at 3.5% and is scheduled to mature on December 16, 2017. See the "Co-Investments" section below for further details related to the creation of Wesco V. See Note 5, Related Party Transactions, for additional details related to the related party bridge loan.

Also in August 2017, Wesco V acquired 360 Residences, a 213 apartment home community, located in San Jose, CA, for a total contract price of $133.5 million. In connection with this acquisition, Wesco V assumed $57.9 million of mortgage debt, with an effective interest rate of 3.4% and a maturity date of May 2022.

Dispositions

In January 2017, the Company sold Jefferson at Hollywood, a 270 apartment home community located in Los Angeles, CA, for $132.5 million, resulting in a gain of $26.2 million.

In August 2017, a Company co-investment, Wesco I, LLC ("Wesco I") sold Madrid, a 230 apartment home community located in Mission Viejo, CA, for $83.0 million, which resulted in a gain of $10.1 million for the Company, recorded in the statement of income as equity income in co-investments. Wesco I used $30.1 million of proceeds to repay the loan on the property.
Preferred Equity Investments

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company made commitments to fund $89.3 million in five preferred equity investments, located in Irvine, CA, Seattle, WA, Marina del Rey, CA, Woodland Hills, CA, and San Jose, CA. These investments have initial accrued preferred returns ranging from 9.5%-11.0%, with maturities ranging from March 2020 to August 2024. As of September 30, 2017, the Company has funded $38.0 million of the $89.3 million commitment.

In April 2017, the Company received cash of $12.6 million from the partial redemption of a preferred equity investment in a joint venture that holds a property located in Seattle, WA. The Company recorded a reduction of $12.4 million in its preferred equity investment. The Company recognized a gain of $0.3 million as a result of this early redemption, which is included in equity income from co-investments in the condensed consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income.

In August 2017, the Company received cash of $11.7 million for a full redemption of a preferred equity investment class and $6.9 million for a partial redemption of another preferred equity investment class in a joint venture that holds a property in San Jose, CA. The Company's remaining preferred equity investment in this joint venture was $13.4 million as of September 30, 2017.

Notes Receivable

In May 2017, the Company made a commitment to fund a mezzanine loan of $13.2 million to a limited liability company that owns a development project located in Anaheim, CA. The investment will initially accrue interest based on a 10.0% compounded return. This investment is scheduled to mature in May 2021. As of September 30, 2017, the Company had fully funded the $13.2 million commitment.

Co-investments

In August 2017, the Company formed a new joint venture entity, Wesco V, with an institutional partner. Each partner has a 50.0% ownership interest and an initial equity commitment of $150.0 million. The joint venture is unconsolidated for financial reporting purposes.

Senior Unsecured Debt

In March 2017, the Company paid off $300.0 million of 5.500% senior unsecured notes.

In April 2017, the Company issued $350.0 million of 10-year 3.625% senior unsecured notes. The interest is paid semi-annually in arrears on May 1 and November 1 of each year commencing on November 1, 2017 until the maturity date of May 1, 2027.

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2017 and 2016
(Unaudited)

15, 2048. The Company used the net proceeds of this offering to repay indebtedness under its unsecured lines of credit and for other general corporate and working capital purposes.

Private Placement Bond Redemption

In July 2017, the Company repaid $40.0 million in private placement bonds with a coupon rate of 4.5% and a stated maturity date of September 2017. This represented the total outstanding balance of these unsecured bonds.

Common Stock

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017,In January 2018, the Company issued 311,873repurchased and retired 16,834 shares totaling $3.8 million, including commissions. As of common stock, through our equity distribution program at an average price of $260.30 per share for proceeds of $80.4 million, net of fees and commissions. There were no such sales during the three months ended September 30, 2017.

Subsequent to quarter end through October 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Company issued 33,571 additional shareshad $245.2 million of commonpurchase authority remaining under the stock through its equity distribution program at an average price of $261.19 per share for proceeds of $8.7 million, net of fees and commissions.

Subsequent Events

In October 2017, the Company entered into an amendment to the Wesco I operating agreement to extend the joint venture. Under the amendment, the Company received an additional ownership interest in exchange for promote interest earned which is expected to be approximately $38.0 million. As a result of the amendment,repurchase plan authorized by the Company's ownership interest in Wesco I increased to approximately 58.0%.

In October 2017, the Company made a commitment to fund a $40.0 million preferred equity investment in a multifamily development project located in Los Angeles, CA with an accrued initial preferred returnboard of 11.3% and an October 2021 maturity date.directors.

(3)  Revenues

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” using a modified retrospective transition method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods after January 1, 2018 are presented under the new standard, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the old revenue recognition standard.

Based on a full analysis of applicable contracts, the Company determined that the new standard did not have an impact to reported revenues from prior or current periods.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue from Leasing

The Company generates revenues primarily from leasing apartment homes to tenants. Such leasing revenues are recorded when due from tenants and are recognized monthly as they are earned, which is not materially different than on a straight-line basis. Apartment homes are rented under short-term leases (generally, lease terms of 6 to 12 months). Revenues from tenants leasing commercial space are recorded on a straight-line basis over the life of the respective lease.

The Company also generates other property-related revenue through the leasing of apartment homes, including storage income, pet rent, and other miscellaneous revenue. Similar to rental income, such revenues are recorded when due from tenants and recognized monthly as they are earned.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Apart from rental and other property-related revenue, revenues from contracts with customers are recognized as control of the promised services is passed to the customer.

For customer contracts related to management and other fees from affiliates (which includes asset management and property management), the transaction price and amount of revenue to be recognized is determined each quarter based on the management fee calculated and earned for that month or quarter. The contract will contain a description of the service and the fee percentage for management services. Payments from such services are one month or one quarter in arrears of the service performed.

Disaggregated Revenue

The following table presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated by revenue source ($ in thousands):
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2018 2017
Rental$321,661
 $310,122
Other property leasing revenue23,286
 23,046
Management and other fees from affiliates2,308
 2,236
Total revenues$347,255
 $335,404

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2018 and 2017
(Unaudited)


The following table presents the Company’s rental and other property-related revenues disaggregated by geographic operating segment ($ in thousands):
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2018 2017
Southern California$152,060
 $147,099
Northern California128,622
 123,308
Seattle Metro58,713
 56,192
Other real estate assets (1)
5,552
 6,569
Total rental and other property revenues$344,947
 $333,168

(1) Other real estate assets consists of revenue generated from retail space, commercial properties, held for sale properties, and disposition properties. Executive management does not evaluate such operating performance geographically.

The following table presents the Company’s rental and other property-related revenues disaggregated by current property category status ($ in thousands):
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2018 2017
Same-property (1)
$322,385
 $312,024
Acquisitions (2)
10,383
 8,186
Development (3)
19
 —
Redevelopment5,024
 4,814
Non-residential/other, net (4)
7,136
 8,144
Total rental and other property revenues$344,947
 $333,168

(1) Stabilized properties consolidated by the Company for both the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.
(2) Acquisitions includes properties acquired which did not have comparable stabilized results as of January 1, 2017.
(3) Development includes properties developed which did not have stabilized results as of January 1, 2017.
(4) Non-residential/other, net consists of revenue generated from retail space, commercial properties, held for sale properties, disposition properties and student housing.

Deferred Revenues and Remaining Performance Obligations

When cash payments are received or due in advance of the Company’s performance of contracts with customers, deferred revenue is recorded. The total deferred revenue balance related to such contracts was $8.5 million and $9.3 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and was included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities within the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The amount of revenue recognized in the period that was included in the beginning deferred revenue balance was $0.8 million, which was included in interest and other income within the condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account in the new revenue accounting standard. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had $8.5 million of remaining performance obligations. The Company expects to recognize approximately 28% of these remaining performance obligations in 2018, an additional 36% through 2020, and the remaining balance thereafter.

Practical Expedients

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts within an original expected length of one year or less or when variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation.

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2018 and 2017
(Unaudited)


(4) Co-investments

The Company has joint ventures and preferred equity investments in co-investments which are accounted for under the equity method. The co-investments own, operate, and develop apartment communities. The carrying values of the Company's co-investments as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 20162017 are as follows (in($ in thousands, except in parenthetical):
Weighted Average Essex Ownership Percentage September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Weighted Average Essex Ownership Percentage (1)
 March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
Membership interest/Partnership interest in:          
CPPIB54% $502,419
 $422,068
54% $496,512
 $500,287
Wesco I, III, IV, and V50% 225,041
 180,687
53% 214,650
 214,408
Palm Valley (1)
50% —
 68,396
BEXAEW50% 45,523
 47,963
BEX II (2)
50% (36,245) 19,078
BEXAEW, BEX II and BEX III (2)
50% 135,174
 13,827
Other53% 40,471
 43,713
52% 50,209
 51,810
Total operating and other co-investments, net  777,209
 781,905
  896,545
 780,332
Total development co-investments, net50% 85,670
 157,317
50% 75,092
 73,770
Total preferred interest co-investments (includes related party investments of $20.7 million and $35.9 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively)  225,453
 222,053
Total preferred interest co-investments (includes related party investments of $15.6 million and $15.7 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)  319,320
 265,156
Total co-investments, net  $1,088,332
 $1,161,275
  $1,290,957
 $1,119,258
 
(1) Weighted average Essex ownership percentages are as of March 31, 2018.
(2) As of December 31, 2017, the Company's investment in BEX II was classified as a liability of $36.7 million.

The combined summarized entity financial information of co-investments is as follows ($ in thousands).
 March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
Combined balance sheets: (1)
   
Rental properties and real estate under development$3,794,212
 $3,722,778
Other assets161,538
 110,333
Total assets$3,955,750
 $3,833,111
Debt$1,744,663
 $1,705,051
Other liabilities69,782
 45,515
Equity2,141,305
 2,082,545
Total liabilities and equity$3,955,750
 $3,833,111
Company's share of equity$1,290,957
 $1,155,984


ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016
(Unaudited)

 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2018 2017
Combined statements of income: (1)
   
Property revenues$80,842
 $75,905
Property operating expenses(27,069) (25,408)
Net operating income53,773
 50,497
Interest expense(16,735) (11,921)
General and administrative(1,492) (1,778)
Depreciation and amortization(31,162) (27,904)
Net income$4,384
 $8,894
Company's share of net income (2)
$32,774
 $10,899
(1) In January 2017, the Company purchased its joint venture partner's 50.0% interest in Palm Valley and as a result of this acquisition, the Company consolidates Palm Valley.
(2) This co-investment was classified as a liability as of September 30, 2017.

The combined summarized entity financial information of co-investments andIncludes preferred equity investments is as follows ($ in thousands).held by the Company.
 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Combined balance sheets:   
Rental properties and real estate under development$3,671,101
 $3,807,245
Other assets111,372
 121,505
Total assets$3,782,473
 $3,928,750
Debt$1,597,597
 $1,617,639
Other liabilities65,865
 74,607
Equity (1)
2,119,011
 2,236,504
Total liabilities and equity$3,782,473
 $3,928,750
Company's share of equity$1,088,332
 $1,161,275

 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Combined statements of income:       
Property revenues$76,303
 $72,124
 $224,319
 $216,434
Property operating expenses(27,753) (24,976) (79,028) (75,377)
Net operating income48,550
 47,148
 145,291
 141,057
Gain on sale of real estate10,058
 —
 10,058
 28,291
Interest expense(13,718) (10,978) (39,663) (35,260)
General and administrative(2,452) (1,496) (6,147) (4,276)
Depreciation and amortization(27,884) (25,569) (84,211) (79,676)
Net income$14,554
 $9,105
 $25,328
 $50,136
Company's share of net income (1)
$19,727
 $9,568
 $40,934
 $38,932
(1)(2) Includes the Company's share of equity income from co-investments and preferred equity investments, gain on sales of co-investments, co-investment promote income and income from early redemption of preferred equity investments. Includes related party income of $0.5$0.4 million and $0.8$0.5 million for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017, and 2016, respectively, and $1.5 million and $2.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.


ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2017 and 2016
(Unaudited)

(4)(5) Notes and Other Receivables
 
Notes receivable, secured by real estate, and other receivables consist of the following as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 20162017 ($ in thousands):
 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Notes receivable, secured, bearing interest at 10.00%, due May 2021$13,416
 $—
Notes receivable, secured, bearing interest at 10.75%, due September 202028,532
 17,685
Related party note receivable, secured, bearing interest at 9.50%, due October 2019(1)
6,599
 6,593
Related party note receivable, secured, bearing interest at 3.50%, due December 2017(1)
55,000
 —
Notes and other receivables from affiliates (2)
3,981
 4,695
Other receivables14,029
 11,997
Total notes and other receivables$121,557
 $40,970
 March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
Notes receivable, bearing interest at 10.00%, due May 2021$14,110
 $13,762
Notes receivable, bearing interest at 10.75%, due September 202030,107
 29,318
Related party note receivable, bearing interest at 9.50%, due October 2019(1)
6,608
 6,656
Related party note receivable, bearing interest at 3.50%, due March 2018(1)
—
 29,500
Notes and other receivables from affiliates (2)
3,314
 5,061
Other receivables16,386
 16,629
Total notes and other receivables$70,525
 $100,926

(1) See Note 5,6, Related Party Transactions, for additional details.
(2) These amounts consist of short-term loans outstanding and due from various joint ventures as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively. See Note 5,6, Related Party Transactions, for additional details.

(5)(6) Related Party Transactions

The Company charges certain fees relating to its co-investments for asset management, property management, development and redevelopment services. These fees from affiliates totaled $3.1$3.2 million and $3.0 million during both the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017, and 2016, and $9.0 million and $9.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. All of these fees are net of intercompany amounts eliminated by the Company. The Company netted development and redevelopment fees of $0.7$0.9 million and $1.0$0.8 million against general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

In November 2017, the Company provided a $29.5 million related party bridge loan to a property acquired by BEX III. The note receivable accrued interest at 3.5% and 2016, respectively,was paid off in January 2018. The bridge loan was classified within notes and $2.1 millionother receivables in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and $3.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.had no amount outstanding as of March 31, 2018.

The Company’s Chairman and founder, Mr. George M. Marcus, is the Chairman of the Marcus & Millichap Company (“MMC”), which is a parent company of a diversified group of real estate service, investment, and development firms. Mr.

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2018 and 2017
(Unaudited)

Marcus is also the Co-Chairman of Marcus & Millichap, Inc. (“MMI”), and Mr. Marcus owns a controlling interest in MMI, a national brokerage firm listed on the New York Stock Exchange. 

In March 2017, the Company converted its existing $15.3 million preferred equity investment in Sage at Cupertino, a 230 apartment home community located in San Jose, CA, into a 40.5% common equity ownership interest in the property. The Company issued DownREIT units to the other members, including an MMC affiliate, based on an estimated property valuation of $90.0 million. At the time of the conversion, the property was encumbered by $52.0 million of mortgage debt. As a result of this transaction, the Company consolidates the property, based on a VIE analysis performed by the Company.

In 2015, the Company made preferred equity investments totaling $20.0 million in three entities affiliated with MMC that own apartment communities in California. The Company earns a 9.5% preferred return on each such investment. One $5.0 million investment, all of which was scheduled to mature in 2022, was fully redeemed in 2017. The remaining two investments are scheduled to mature in 2022.

As described in Note 4,5, Notes and Other Receivables, the Company has provided short-term loans to affiliates. As of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016, $4.02017, $3.3 million and $4.7$5.1 million, respectively, of short-term loans remained outstanding due from joint venture affiliates and is classified within notes and other receivables in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. In November 2016, the Company provided a $6.6 million mezzanine loan to a limited liability company in which MMC holds a significant ownership interest through subsidiaries. The mezzanine loan is classified within notes and other receivables in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and had an outstanding balance of $6.6 million and $6.7 million as of both September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016.


ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2017, and 2016
(Unaudited)

In August 2017, the Company provided a $55.0 million related party bridge loan to a property acquired by Wesco V. The note receivable accrues interest at 3.5% and is scheduled to mature on December 16, 2017. The bridge loan is classified within notes and other receivables in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and had an outstanding balance of $55.0 million as of September 30, 2017, and no balance as of December 31, 2016.respectively.

(6)(7) Debt
 
The Company does not have indebtedness as debt is incurred by the Operating Partnership. The Company guarantees the Operating Partnership’s unsecured debt including the revolving credit facilities for the full term of such debt.the facilities.

Debt consists of the following ($ in thousands):
September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 
Weighted Average
Maturity
In Years
March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 
Weighted Average
Maturity
In Years as of March 31, 2018
Unsecured bonds private placement - fixed rate$274,378
 $314,190
 3.3$274,476
 $274,427
 2.8
Term loan - variable rate348,457
 98,189
 4.4348,525
 348,545
 3.9
Bonds public offering - fixed rate2,878,311
 2,834,400
 6.73,174,922
 2,878,737
 8.4
Unsecured debt, net (1)
3,501,146
 3,246,779
  3,797,923
 3,501,709
  
Lines of credit (2)
2,609
 125,000
 
—
 179,000
 
Mortgage notes payable, net (3)
2,111,467
 2,191,481
 5.41,921,047
 2,008,417
 5.3
Total debt, net$5,615,222
 $5,563,260
  $5,718,970
 $5,689,126
  
Weighted average interest rate on fixed rate unsecured bonds private placement and bonds public offering3.7% 3.6%  3.8% 3.7%  
Weighted average interest rate on variable rate term loan2.4% 2.3%  2.5% 2.5%  
Weighted average interest rate on lines of credit1.9% 1.8% 2.5% 2.3% 
Weighted average interest rate on mortgage notes payable4.2% 4.3%  4.2% 4.2%  

(1) Includes unamortized discount of $5.0$6.6 million and $0.1$5.2 million and unamortized debt issuance costs of $18.9$20.5 million and $18.1 million, as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively.
(2) Lines of credit, related to the Company's two lines of unsecured credit aggregating $1.03$1.24 billion as of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, excludes unamortized debt issuance costs of $3.4$4.9 million and $3.3$3.2 million as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively. These debt issuance costs are included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. TheAs of March 31, 2018, the Company’s $1.0$1.2 billion credit facility had an interest rate of LIBOR plus 0.90%0.875%, which is based on a tiered rate structure tied to the Company’s credit ratings. In January 2017, the Company’s $1.0 billion credit facility’sratings and a scheduled maturity date was extended toof December 20202021 with one 18-month extension, exercisable at the Company’s option. The Company’s $25.0 million working capital unsecured line of credit had an interest rate of LIBOR plus 0.90%, which is based on a tiered rate structure tied to the Company’s credit ratings. The $25.0 million credit facility matures in January 2018.
(3) Includes unamortized premium of $37.4 million and $50.8 million, reduced by unamortized debt issuance costs of $6.0 million and $7.4 million, as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

The aggregate scheduled principal payments of the Company’s outstanding debt as of September 30, 2017 are as follows (excluding lines of credit) ($ in thousands):
Remaining in 2017$7,719
2018257,108
2019661,318
2020694,887
2021544,810
Thereafter3,439,209
Total$5,605,051


ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016
(Unaudited)

(7)18-month extension, exercisable at the Company’s option. As of March 31, 2018, the Company’s $35.0 million working capital unsecured line of credit had an interest rate of LIBOR plus 0.875%, which is based on a tiered rate structure tied to the Company’s credit ratings and a scheduled maturity date of January 2020.
(3) Includes total unamortized premium of $29.2 million and $33.2 million, reduced by unamortized debt issuance costs of $4.9 million and $5.4 million, as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

The aggregate scheduled principal payments of the Company’s outstanding debt as of March 31, 2018 are as follows (excluding lines of credit) ($ in thousands):
Remaining in 2018$126,740
2019627,016
2020694,921
2021544,846
2022692,466
Thereafter3,035,808
Total$5,721,797

(8) Segment Information

The Company's segment disclosures present the measure used by the chief operating decision makers for purposes of assessing each segment's performance. Essex's chief operating decision makers are comprised of several members of its executive management team who use net operating income ("NOI"(“NOI”) to assess the performance of the business for the Company's reportable operating segments. NOI represents total property revenue less direct property operating expenses.

The executive management team evaluates the Company's operating performance geographically. The Company defines its reportable operating segments as the three geographical regions in which its communities are located: Southern California, Northern California, and Seattle Metro.

Excluded from segment revenues and NOI are management and other fees from affiliates and interest and other income. Non-segment revenues and NOI included in the following schedule also consist of revenue generated from commercial properties and properties that have been sold. Other non-segment assets include items such as real estate under development, co-investments, real estate held for sale, net, cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, notes and other receivables, and prepaid expenses and other assets.

The revenues and NOI for each of the reportable operating segments are summarized as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 ($ in thousands):

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2018 and 20162017
(Unaudited)

 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2018 2017
Revenues:   
Southern California$152,060
 $147,099
Northern California128,622
 123,308
Seattle Metro58,713
 56,192
Other real estate assets5,552
 6,569
Total property revenues$344,947
 $333,168
Net operating income:   
Southern California$107,932
 $104,501
Northern California94,717
 89,743
Seattle Metro42,012
 40,388
Other real estate assets5,323
 6,532
Total net operating income249,984
 241,164
Management and other fees from affiliates2,308
 2,236
Corporate-level property management expenses(7,770) (7,509)
Depreciation and amortization(119,105) (115,503)
General and administrative(14,813) (10,601)
Expensed acquisition and investment related costs(57) (556)
Interest expense(54,861) (54,583)
Total return swap income2,270
 2,584
Interest and other income5,909
 6,764
Equity income from co-investments32,774
 10,899
Gain on sale of real estate and land—
 26,174
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment—
 86,482
Net income$96,639
 $187,551

Total assets for each of the reportable operating segments are summarized as follows as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 ($ in thousands):
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Revenues:       
Southern California$150,413
 $142,112
 $445,296
 $417,114
Northern California127,673
 115,318
 377,531
 338,761
Seattle Metro58,285
 55,543
 171,564
 161,192
Other real estate assets5,603
 14,105
 17,517
 41,751
Total property revenues$341,974
 $327,078
 $1,011,908
 $958,818
Net operating income:       
Southern California$102,699
 $96,486
 $305,894
 $284,345
Northern California91,018
 83,042
 271,224
 243,876
Seattle Metro39,674
 37,688
 116,733
 109,352
Other real estate assets4,446
 10,501
 16,142
 31,315
Total net operating income237,837
 227,717
 709,993
 668,888
Management and other fees from affiliates2,395
 2,093
 6,927
 6,145
Depreciation and amortization(117,451) (110,467) (350,893) (329,847)
General and administrative(9,788) (9,647) (30,726) (28,527)
Acquisition and investment related costs(324) (284) (1,154) (1,379)
Interest expense(55,938) (56,693) (167,333) (164,727)
Total return swap income2,538
 3,143
 7,653
 9,080
Interest and other income5,790
 4,943
 17,916
 19,560
Equity income from co-investments19,727
 9,568
 40,934
 38,932
Loss on early retirement of debt—
 (211) —
 (211)
Gain on sale of real estate and land249
 —
 26,423
 20,258
Deferred tax expense on gain on sale of real estate and land—
 —
 —
 (4,279)
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment—
 —
 88,641
 —
Net income$85,035
 $70,162
 $348,381
 $233,893
 March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
Assets:   
Southern California$4,744,730
 $4,788,225
Northern California4,182,261
 4,215,449
Seattle Metro1,506,405
 1,520,372
Other real estate assets55,209
 55,488
Net reportable operating segment - real estate assets10,488,605
 10,579,534
Real estate under development395,710
 355,735
Co-investments1,290,957
 1,155,984
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash139,078
 61,126
Marketable securities197,745
 190,004
Notes and other receivables70,525
 100,926
Prepaid expenses and other assets60,047
 52,397
Total assets$12,642,667
 $12,495,706




ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016
(Unaudited)

Total assets for each of the reportable operating segments are summarized as follows as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 ($ in thousands):
 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Assets:   
Southern California$4,822,941
 $4,924,792
Northern California4,241,460
 3,791,549
Seattle Metro1,532,784
 1,570,340
Other real estate assets56,079
 78,079
Net reportable operating segment - real estate assets10,653,264
 10,364,760
Real estate under development313,825
 190,505
Co-investments1,124,577
 1,161,275
Real estate held for sale, net—
 101,957
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash63,273
 170,302
Marketable securities184,574
 139,189
Notes and other receivables121,557
 40,970
Prepaid expenses and other assets51,453
 48,450
Total assets$12,512,523
 $12,217,408
(8)(9) Net Income Per Common Share and Net Income Per Common Unit
 
($ in thousands, except share and unit data):

Essex Property Trust, Inc.
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
 Income 
Weighted-
average
Common
Shares
 
Per
Common
Share
Amount
 Income 
Weighted-
average
Common
Shares
 
Per
Common
Share
Amount
Basic:           
Net income available to common stockholders$79,723
 65,994,896
 $1.21
 $65,561
 65,507,669
 $1.00
Effect of Dilutive Securities:           
Stock options—
 83,387
   —
 109,882
  
Diluted: 
  
  
  
  
  
Net income available to common stockholders$79,723
 66,078,283
 $1.21
 $65,561
 65,617,551
 $1.00



ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2017 and 2016
(Unaudited)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
Income 
Weighted-
average
Common
Shares
 
Per
Common
Share
Amount
 Income 
Weighted-
average
Common
Shares
 
Per
Common
Share
Amount
Income 
Weighted-
average
Common
Shares
 
Per
Common
Share
Amount
 Income 
Weighted-
average
Common
Shares
 
Per
Common
Share
Amount
Basic:                      
Net income available to common stockholders$329,446
 65,759,450
 $5.01
 $215,555
 65,455,004
 $3.29
$90,918
 66,044,022
 $1.38
 $178,964
 65,549,484
 $2.73
Effect of Dilutive Securities:           
           
Stock options—
 77,515
   —
 123,657
  —
 38,495
   —
 96,778
  
DownREIT units—
 —
   373
 213,228
  
Diluted: 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
Net income available to common stockholders$329,446
 65,836,965
 $5.00
 $215,555
 65,578,661
 $3.29
$90,918
 66,082,517
 $1.38
 $179,337
 65,859,490
 $2.72

The table above excludes from the calculations of diluted earnings per share weighted average convertible OP Units of 2,251,1122,273,413 and 2,220,952,2,252,234, which include vested Series Z Incentive Units, Series Z-1 Incentive Units, 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan Units, and 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan Units for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017, and 2016, respectively, and 2,251,673 and 2,224,236 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, because they were anti-dilutive. The related income allocated to these convertible OP Units aggregated $2.7$3.1 million and $2.2$6.1 million for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017, and 2016, respectively, and $11.3 million and $7.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Additionally, the table excludes all DownREIT limited partnership units for which the Operating Partnership has the ability and intention to redeem the DownREIT units for cash and does not consider them to be common stock equivalents.
 
Stock options of zero364,068 and 40,900225,895 for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017, and 2016, respectively, and 2,352 and 76,054 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the assumed proceeds per share of such options plus the average unearned compensation were greater than the average market price of the common stock for the periods ended and, therefore, were anti-dilutive.

Essex Portfolio, L.P.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Three Months Ended September 30, 2016Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
Income 
Weighted-
average
Common Units
 
Per
Common
Unit
Amount
 Income 
Weighted-
average
Common Units
 
Per
Common
Unit
Amount
Income 
Weighted-
average
Common Units
 
Per
Common
Unit
Amount
 Income 
Weighted-
average
Common Units
 
Per
Common
Unit
Amount
Basic:                      
Net income available to common unitholders$82,444
 68,246,008
 $1.21
 $67,784
 67,728,621
 $1.00
$94,050
 68,317,435
 $1.38
 $185,110
 67,801,718
 $2.73
Effect of Dilutive Securities:           
           
Stock options—
 83,387
   —
 109,882
  —
 38,495
   —
 96,778
  
DownREIT units—
 —
   373
 213,228
  
Diluted: 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
Net income available to common unitholders$82,444
 68,329,395
 $1.21
 $67,784
 67,838,503
 $1.00
$94,050
 68,355,930
 $1.38
 $185,483
 68,111,724
 $2.72

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016
(Unaudited)

 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
 Income 
Weighted-
average
Common Units
 
Per
Common
Unit
Amount
 Income 
Weighted-
average
Common Units
 
Per
Common
Unit
Amount
Basic:           
Net income available to common unitholders$340,735
 68,011,123
 $5.01
 $223,012
 67,679,240
 $3.30
Effect of Dilutive Securities:           
Stock options—
 77,515
   —
 123,657
  
Diluted: 
  
  
  
  
  
Net income available to common unitholders$340,735
 68,088,638
 $5.00
 $223,012
 67,802,897
 $3.29

Stock options of zero364,068 and 40,900225,895 for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017, and 2016, respectively, and 2,352 and 76,054 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per unit because the assumed proceeds per unit of these options plus the average unearned compensation were greater than the average market price of the common unit for the periods ended and, therefore, were anti-dilutive. Additionally, the table excludes all DownREIT limited partnership units for which the Operating Partnership has the ability and intention to redeem the DownREIT units for cash and does not consider them to be common stock equivalents.
 
(9)(10) Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Company had entered into interest rate swap contracts with an aggregate notional amount of $175.0 million that effectively fixed the interest rate on the $175.0 million unsecured term loan at 2.3%. These derivatives qualify for hedge accounting.

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Company had interest rate caps, which are not accounted for as hedges, totaling a notional amount of $20.7$9.9 million that effectively limit the Company’s exposure to interest rate risk by providing a ceiling on the underlying variable interest rate for $20.7$9.9 million of the Company’s tax exempt variable rate debt.

As of September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016,2017, the aggregate carrying value of the interest rate swap contracts was an asset of $3.8$7.7 million and $4.4$5.4 million, respectively, and is included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The aggregate carrying value of the interest rate caps was zero on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of both September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016.2017.

Hedge ineffectiveness related to cash flow hedges, which is included in interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of income statements, netand comprehensive income, was not significant for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and 2016.2017.

Additionally, the Company has entered into total return swaps that effectively convert $256.8$256.5 million of mortgage notes payable to a floating interest rate based on the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association Municipal Swap Index ("SIFMA"(“SIFMA”) plus a spread. The total return swaps provide fair market value protection on the mortgage notes payable to the counterparties during the initial period of the total return swap until the Company's option to call the mortgage notes at par can be exercised. The Company can currently call all total return swaps with $256.8$256.5 million of the outstanding debt at par. These derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting and had a carrying and fair value of zero at both September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2016.2017. These total return swaps are scheduled to mature between September 2021 and November 2022. RealizedThe realized gains of $2.5$2.3 million and $3.1$2.6 million for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017, and 2016, respectively, and $7.7 million and $9.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, arewere reported in the condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income as total return swap income.





ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2017 and 2016
(Unaudited)

(10)(11) Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is subject to various lawsuits in the normal course of its business operations. Such lawsuits could, but arehave not expected to, havehad a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.flows.While no assurances can be given,  the Company does not believe there is any pending or threatened litigation against the Company that, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

The Company is subject to various federal, state, and local environmental laws. Compliance by the Company with existing laws has not had a material adverse effect on the Company. However, the Company cannot predict the impact of new or changed laws or regulations on its current portfolio or on other assets that the Company may acquire in the future. To the extent that an environmental matter arises or is identified in the future that has other than a remote risk of having a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company will disclose the estimated range of possible outcomes associated with it, and, if an outcome is probable, accrue an appropriate liability for that matter. The Company will consider whether any such matter results in an impairment of value on the affected property and, if so, impairment will be recognized.


Item 2: Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes thereto included elsewhere herein and with the Company’s 20162017 annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. We make2017. The Company makes statements in this section that are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. For a complete discussion of forward-looking statements, see the section in this Form 10-Q entitled "Forward“Forward Looking Statements."”
 
The CompanyEssex is a self-administered and self-managed REIT that acquires, develops, redevelops, and manages apartment communities in selected residential areas located primarily inon the West Coast of the United States. Essex owns all of its interests in its real estate investments, directly or indirectly, through the Operating Partnership. Essex is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and, as of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, had an approximately 96.7% general partner interest in the Operating Partnership.

The Company’s investment strategy has two components: constant monitoring of existing markets, and evaluation of new markets to identify areas with the characteristics that underlie rental growth. The Company’s strong financial condition supports its investment strategy by enhancing its ability to quickly shift acquisition, development, redevelopment, and disposition activities to markets that will optimize the performance of the portfolio.

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Company had ownership interests in 247 stabilizedoperating apartment communities, comprising 60,30560,240 apartment homes, excluding the Company’s ownership in preferred equity interest co-investments, and the Company also had ownership interests in one operating commercial building with approximately 106,564 square feet and seven active developments. The Company’s apartment communities are predominately located in the following major regions:

Southern California (Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, and Ventura counties)
Northern California (the San Francisco Bay Area)
Seattle Metro (Seattle metropolitan area)

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Company’s development pipeline was comprised of fourfive consolidated projects under development, threetwo unconsolidated joint venture projects under development, and various consolidated predevelopment projects aggregating 2,1581,982 apartment homes, with total incurred costs of $0.6 billion, and estimated remaining project costs of $0.8$0.7 billion, $0.5 billion of which represents the Company's estimated remaining costs, for total estimated project costs of $1.4$1.3 billion.

The Company’s consolidated apartment communities are as follows:
As of September 30, 2017 As of September 30, 2016As of March 31, 2018 As of March 31, 2017
Apartment Homes % Apartment Homes %Apartment Homes % Apartment Homes %
Southern California23,343
 47% 23,949
 49%23,343
 47% 23,343
 47%
Northern California15,848
 32% 14,865
 30%15,970
 32% 15,848
 32%
Seattle Metro10,238
 21% 10,239
 21%10,238
 21% 10,238
 21%
Total49,429
 100% 49,053
 100%49,551
 100% 49,429
 100%

Co-investments, including Wesco I, LLC ("(“Wesco I"I”), Wesco III, LLC ("(“Wesco III"III”), Wesco IV, LLC (“Wesco IV”), Wesco V, LLC ("(“Wesco V"V”), Canadian Pension Plan Investment Board ("CPPIB" or "CPP"(“CPPIB”), BEXAEW, LLC (“BEXAEW”),BEX II, and BEX II, LLC ("BEX II")III communities, developments under construction, and preferred equity interest co-investment communities are not included in the table presented above for both periods.

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017

The Company’s average financial occupancies for the Company’s stabilized apartment communities or “Same-Property”"Same-Property" (stabilized properties consolidated by the Company for the quarters ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and 2016)2017) was 96.7%97.1% and 96.5% for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017, and 2016, respectively. Financial occupancy is defined as the percentage resulting from dividing actual rental revenue by total potential rental revenue. Actual rental revenue represents contractual rental revenue pursuant to leases without considering delinquency and concessions. Total potential rental revenue represents the value of all apartment homes, with occupied apartment homes valued at contractual rental rates pursuant to leases and vacant apartment homes valued at estimated market rents. We believeThe Company believes that financial occupancy is a meaningful measure of occupancy because it considers the value of each vacant apartment home at its estimated market rate.


Market rates are determined using the recently signed effective rates on new leases at the property and are used as the starting point in the determination of the market rates of vacant apartment homes. The Company may increase or decrease these rates based on a variety of factors, including overall supply and demand for housing, concentration of new apartment deliveries within the same submarket which can cause periodic disruption due to greater rental concessions to increase leasing velocity, and rental affordability. Financial occupancy may not completely reflect short-term trends in physical occupancy and financial occupancy rates, and the Company's calculation of financial occupancy may not be comparable to financial occupancy disclosed by other REITs.

The Company does not take into account delinquency and concessions to calculate actual rent for occupied apartment homes and market rents for vacant apartment homes. The calculation of financial occupancy compares contractual rates for occupied apartment homes to estimated market rents for unoccupied apartment homes, and thus the calculation compares the gross value of all apartment homes excluding delinquency and concessions. For apartment communities that are development properties in lease-up without stabilized occupancy figures, the Company believes the physical occupancy rate is the appropriate performance metric. While an apartment community is in the lease-up phase, the Company’s primary motivation is to stabilize the property which may entail the use of rent concessions and other incentives, and thus financial occupancy, which is based on contractual revenue, is not considered the best metric to quantify occupancy.

The regional breakdown of the Company’s Same-Property portfolio for financial occupancy for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 is as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2017 20162018 2017
Southern California96.8% 96.7%96.9% 96.4%
Northern California96.9% 96.5%97.4% 96.6%
Seattle Metro96.2% 96.1%96.9% 96.6%

The following table provides a breakdown of revenue amounts, including revenues attributable to the Same-Properties:
 Number of Apartment Three Months Ended September 30, Dollar Percentage Number of Apartment Three Months Ended March 31, Dollar Percentage
Property Revenues ($ in thousands) Homes 2017 2016 Change Change Homes 2018 2017 Change Change
Same-Property Revenues:                    
Southern California 21,998
 $141,203
 $136,368
 $4,835
 3.5% 22,648
 $147,418
 $142,660
 $4,758
 3.3%
Northern California 13,892
 109,820
 108,156
 1,664
 1.5% 14,356
 116,254
 113,172
 3,082
 2.7%
Seattle Metro 10,238
 58,285
 55,545
 2,740
 4.9% 10,238
 58,713
 56,192
 2,521
 4.5%
Total Same-Property Revenues 46,128
 309,308
 300,069
 9,239
 3.1% 47,242
 322,385
 312,024
 10,361
 3.3%
Non-Same Property Revenues  
 32,666
 27,009
 5,657
 20.9%  
 22,562
 21,144
 1,418
 6.7%
Total Property Revenues  
 $341,974
 $327,078
 $14,896
 4.6%  
 $344,947
 $333,168
 $11,779
 3.5%

Same-Property Revenues increased by $9.2$10.4 million or 3.1%3.3% to $309.3$322.4 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172018 from $300.1$312.0 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2017. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of 3.0%2.4% in average rental rates from $2,118$2,154 per apartment home in the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 to $2,182$2,205 per apartment home in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017.2018. 

Non-Same Property Revenues increased by $5.7$1.4 million or 20.9%6.7% to $32.7$22.6 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172018 from $27.0$21.1 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2017. The increase was primarily due to revenue generated by the consolidation of Palm Valleyat Sage at Cupertino, which was consolidated in JanuaryMarch 2017.

Management and other fees from affiliates increased by $0.3 million or 14.3% to $2.4remained relatively flat at $2.3 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017 from $2.12018 compared to $2.2 million in the third quarter of 2016, primarily due to property management fee revenue from joint venture development communities that went into lease-up from the third quarter of 2016 through the thirdfirst quarter of 2017.

Property operating expenses, excluding real estate taxes increased $2.8$1.2 million or 4.4%2.1% to $66.6$57.3 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 20172018 compared $63.8to $56.1 million for to the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 primarily due to an increase of $1.5$0.9 million in utilitiesadministrative expense. Same-Property operating expenses, excluding real estate taxes, increased by $2.1$0.8 million or 3.6%1.5% for the thirdfirst quarter of 20172018 compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2016,2017, primarily due to a $1.3$0.8 million increase in utilities.administrative expense.


Real estate taxes increased $1.9$1.8 million or 5.3%5.1% to $37.5$37.7 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 2018 compared to $35.9 million for the first quarter of 2017 comparedprimarily due to $35.6 million for the third quarter of 2016 due primarily to the consolidation of Palm Valley in January 2017 and increases in tax rates and property valuations. Same-Property real estate taxes increased by $0.6$1.4 million or 1.9%4.2% to $32.7$34.8 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172018 compared to $32.1$33.4 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017, primarily due to increases in tax rates and property valuations.

Corporate-level property management expenses remained relatively flat at $7.8 million in the first quarter of 2018 compared to $7.5 million in the first quarter of 2017.

Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $7.0$3.6 million or 6.3%3.1% to $117.5$119.1 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 20172018 compared to $110.5$115.5 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 2016,2017, primarily due to the consolidation of Palm ValleySage at Cupertino in January 2017.March 2017 as well as redevelopment activity between the first quarter of 2017 and the first quarter of 2018.

Interest expense decreased $0.8increased $0.3 million or 1.4%0.5% to $55.9$54.9 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 2018 compared to $54.6 million for the first quarter of 2017, compareddue to $56.7an increase in average outstanding debt primarily as a result of the issuance of $350.0 million senior unsecured notes due May 1, 2027 in April 2017 and $300.0 million senior unsecured notes due March 15, 2048 in March 2018, which resulted in $6.3 million interest expense for the thirdfirst quarter of 2016, primarily due to2018. The increase was partially offset by various debt that was paid off or matured and regular principal amortization during and after the thirdfirst quarter of 2016,2017, which resulted in a decrease in interest expense of $4.1$5.2 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 2017, partially offset by2018. Additionally, there was a $0.8 million increase in capitalized interest in the first quarter of 2018, which was due to an increase primarily duein development costs as compared to the $350.0 million senior unsecured notes due May 1, 2027 issuedsame period in April 2017 and the $450.0 million senior unsecured notes due on April 15, 2026 issued in April 2016, which resulted in $7.3 million interest expense for the third quarter of 2017 compared to $4.0 million for the third quarter of 2016.2017.

Total return swap income of $2.5$2.3 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172018 consists of monthly settlements related to the Company's total return swap contracts that were entered into during 2015 in connection with issuing $257.3 million of fixed rate tax-exempt mortgage notes payable. The decrease of $0.6$0.3 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 20172018 compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2016 was due to less favorable interest rates.

Interest and other income increased by $0.9 million or 18.4% to $5.8 million for the third quarter of 2017 compared to $4.9 million for the third quarter of 2016 primarily due to an increase in marketable securities and other interest income of $1.6 million offset by a $1.0 million decrease in gain on sale of marketable securities and other investments.

Equity income from co-investments increased $10.1 million or 105.2% to $19.7 million for the third quarter of 2017 compared to $9.6 million for the third quarter of 2016 primarily due to the sale of a property by Wesco I during the third quarter of 2017, which resulted in a gain of $10.1 million for the Company.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016

Our average financial occupancies for the Company's stabilized apartment communities or "Same-Property" (stabilized properties consolidated by the Company for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016) was 96.5% and 96.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.









The regional breakdown of the Company’s Same-Property portfolio for financial occupancy for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016
Southern California96.5% 96.2%
Northern California96.8% 96.2%
Seattle Metro96.3% 95.9%

The following table provides a breakdown of revenue amounts, including revenues attributable to the Same-Properties:
  Number of Apartment Nine Months Ended September 30, Dollar Percentage
Property Revenues ($ in thousands) Homes 2017 2016 Change Change
Same-Property Revenues:          
Southern California 21,998
 $417,651
 $401,321
 $16,330
 4.1%
Northern California 13,892
 326,880
 318,498
 8,382
 2.6%
Seattle Metro 10,238
 171,564
 161,193
 10,371
 6.4%
Total Same-Property Revenues 46,128
 916,095
 881,012
 35,083
 4.0%
Non-Same Property Revenues  
 95,813
 77,806
 18,007
 23.1%
Total Property Revenues  
 $1,011,908
 $958,818
 $53,090
 5.5%

Same-Property Revenues increased by $35.1 million or 4.0% to $916.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $881.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of 3.6% in average rental rates from $2,084 per apartment home in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to $2,159 per apartment home in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. 

Non-Same Property Revenues increased by $18.0 million or 23.1% to $95.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $77.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to revenue generated by the consolidation of Palm Valley in January 2017.

Management and other fees from affiliates increased by $0.8 million or 13.1% to $6.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $6.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to property management fee revenue from joint venture development communities that went into lease-up from the third quarter of 2016 through the third quarter of 2017.

Property operating expenses, excluding real estate taxes increased $8.2 million or 4.4% to $193.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $185.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 primarily due to the consolidation of Palm Valley in January 2017. Same-Property operating expenses, excluding real estate taxes, increased by $5.7 million or 3.3% to $178.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $172.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to a $3.3 million increase in utilities and an increase of $1.3 million in maintenance and repairs.

Real estate taxes increased $3.8 million or 3.6% to $108.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $104.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 due primarily to the consolidation of Palm Valley in January 2017 and increases in tax rates and property valuations. Same-Property real estate taxes increased by $2.1 million or 2.2% to $96.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $94.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 primarily due to increases in tax rates and property valuations.

Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $21.1 million or 6.4% to $350.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $329.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to the consolidation of Palm Valley in January 2017.

Interest expense increased $2.6 million or 1.6% to $167.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $164.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to the $350.0 million senior unsecured notes due May 1, 2027 issued in April 2017 and the $450.0 million senior unsecured notes due on April 15, 2026 issued in April 2016

which resulted in $18.6 million interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and $7.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase was partially offset by various debt that was paid off or matured during and after the nine months ended September 30, 2016, which resulted in a decrease in interest expense of $8.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Total return swap income of $7.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 consists of monthly settlements related to the Company's total return swap contracts that were entered into during 2015 in connection with issuing $257.3 million of fixed rate tax-exempt mortgage notes payable. The decrease of $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was due to less favorable interest rates.

Interest and other income decreased by $1.7$0.9 million or 8.7%13.2% to $17.9$5.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017first quarter of 2018 compared to $19.6$6.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016first quarter of 2017, primarily due to ana decrease in the gain on sale of $3.2marketable securities of $0.9 million as well as unrealized losses on marketable securities recognized through income of $0.9 million in income from insurance reimbursements, legal settlements, and other,the first quarter of 2018, partially offset by an increase in marketable securities and other interest income.income of $1.0 million.

Equity income from co-investments increased $2.0$21.9 million or 5.1%200.9% to $40.9$32.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017first quarter of 2018 compared to $38.9$10.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016first quarter of 2017, primarily due to $20.5 million of promote income from the sale of a property by Wesco IBEXAEW joint venture recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, which resulted in a gainfirst quarter of $10.1 million, as well as increases in preferred equity income of approximately $6.2 million. This increase was offset by the sale of two properties by BEXAEW, LLC during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, which resulted in gains of $13.0 million for the Company during that period.

Gain on sale of real estate and land increased $6.1 million or 30.0% to $26.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $20.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 due primarily to a $26.2 million gain on the sale of Jefferson at Hollywood during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to a $10.7 million gain on the sale of Harvest Park and a $9.6 million gain on the sale of the Company's former headquarters office building during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Deferred tax expense on gain on sale of real estate and land of $4.3 million for thenine months ended September 30, 2016 was recorded due to the sale of Harvest Park, which was owned by our wholly owned taxable REIT subsidiary. There was no current tax expense on the sale of real estate and land for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as the Harvest Park proceeds were used in a like-kind exchange transaction. There were no such transactions during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Gain on remeasurement of co-investment of $88.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 resulted from the purchase of the Company's joint venture partner's 50% interest in Palm Valley. There were no such transactions during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.2018.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Company had $46.5$122.0 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents and $184.6$197.7 million in marketable securities, of which $79.0$84.0 million were equity securities or available for sale. We believesale debt securities. The Company believes that cash flows generated by ourits operations, existing cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities balances, availability under existing lines of credit, access to capital markets and the ability to generate cash from the disposition of real estate are sufficient to meet all of ourits reasonably anticipated cash needs during the next twelve months. The timing, source and amounts of cash flows provided by financing activities and used in investing activities are sensitive to changes in interest rates and other fluctuations in the capital markets environment, which can affect ourthe Company's plans for acquisitions, dispositions, development and redevelopment activities.

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, Fitch Ratings ("Fitch"(“Fitch”), Moody’s Investor Service ("Moody's"(“Moody's”), and Standard and Poor's (“S&P”) credit agencies rate Essex Property Trust, Inc.the Company and Essex Portfolio, L.P.EPLP, BBB+/Stable, Baa1/Stable, and BBB+/Stable, respectively.

TheAs of March 31, 2018, the Company hashad two unsecured lines of credit aggregating $1.03$1.24 billion. The Company has aIn January 2018, the Company’s unsecured credit facility was amended, and the line’s capacity was increased from $1.0 billion unsecured lineto $1.2 billion. As of credit, and as of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, there werewas no amountsamount outstanding on this unsecured line of credit. The underlying interest rate is based on a tiered rate structure tied to the Company's credit ratings and was LIBOR plus 0.90%0.875% as of September 30, 2017. ThisMarch 31, 2018. In connection with the January 2018 amendment, the scheduled maturity date of this facility matures inwas extended to December 20202021, with one 18-month extension, exercisable at the Company's option. The Company also has a $25.0 millionIn January 2018, the Company’s working capital unsecured line of credit. This facility matures in January 2018.credit was also amended, and the line’s capacity was increased from $25.0 million to $35.0 million. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, there was $2.6 millionno amount outstanding on the $25.0 millionthis unsecured line.line of credit. The underlying

interest rate on the $25.0$35.0 million line is based on a tiered rate structure tied to the Company's credit ratings and was LIBOR plus 0.90%0.875% as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2018. In connection with the January 2018 amendment, the scheduled maturity date of this facility was extended to January 2020.

In March 2017,2018, the Company paid offissued $300.0 million of 5.500% senior unsecured notes, at maturity.

In April 2017, the Company issued $350.0 million of 10-year 3.625%30-year 4.500% senior unsecured notes. The interest is paid semi-annually in arrears on May 1March 15 and November 1September 15 of each year commencing on November 1, 2017September 15, 2018 until the maturity date of May 1, 2027.March 15, 2048. The Company used the net proceeds of this offering to repay indebtedness under its unsecured lines of credit facilities and for other general corporate and working capital purposes.

In July 2017, the Company repaid $40.0 million in private placement bonds with a coupon rate of 4.5% and a stated maturity date of September 2017.

The Company has entered into equity distribution agreements with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co, Barclays Capital Inc., BMO Capital Markets Corp., BNP Paribas Securities Corp., Capital One Securities, Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Jefferies LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Mitsubishi UFJ Securities (USA), Inc., and UBS Securities LLC. PursuantDuring the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company did not issue any shares pursuant to its equity distribution program, during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company issued 311,873 shares of common stock at an average price of $260.30 per share, for proceeds of $80.4 million, net of fees and commissions. There were no such sales during the three months ended September 30, 2017.program. Under this program, the Company may from time to time sell shares of common stock into the existing trading market at current market prices, and the Company anticipates using the net proceeds, which are contributed to the Operating Partnership, to pay down debt, acquire apartment communities, fund the development pipeline and for other general corporate purposes. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Company may sell an additional 4,688,1274,654,556 shares under the current equity distribution program. Subsequent to quarter end through October 30, 2017, the Company issued 33,571 additional shares of common stock through its equity distribution program at an average price of $261.19 per share for proceeds of $8.7 million, net of fees and commissions.

Essex pays quarterly dividends from cash available for distribution. Until it is distributed, cash available for distribution is invested by the Company primarily in investment grade securities held available for sale or is used by the Company to reduce balances outstanding under its line of credit. 

Development and Predevelopment Pipeline

The Company defines development projects as new communities that are being constructed, or are newly constructed and are in a phase of lease-up and have not yet reached stabilized operations. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Company’s development pipeline was comprised of fourfive consolidated projects under development, threetwo unconsolidated joint venture projects under development and various consolidated predevelopment projects, aggregating 2,1581,982 apartment homes, with total incurred costs of $0.6 billion, and estimated remaining project costs of approximately $0.8$0.7 billion, $0.5 billion of which represents the Company's estimated remaining costs, for total estimated project costs of $1.4$1.3 billion.

The Company expects to fund the development and predevelopment pipeline by using a combination of some or all of the following sources: its working capital, amounts available on its lines of credit facilities, construction loans, net proceeds from public and private equity and debt issuances, and proceeds from the disposition of assets, if any.

Redevelopment Pipeline

The Company defines redevelopment communities as existing properties owned or recently acquired, which have been targeted for additional investment by the Company with the expectation of increased financial returns through property improvement. During redevelopment, apartment homes may not be available for rent and, as a result, may have less than stabilized operations. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Company had ownership interests in five major redevelopment communities aggregating 1,727 apartment homes with estimated redevelopment costs of $138.2$138.8 million, of which approximately $49.2$38.0 million remains to be expended. The Company has the ability to cease funding of the redevelopment pipeline as needed.

Derivative Activity

The Company uses interest rate swaps, interest rate caps, and total return swap contracts to manage certain interest rate risks. The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves. The fair values of interest rate swaps and total return swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash

receipts (or payments) and the discounted expected variable cash payments (or receipts). The variable cash payments (or receipts) are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. The Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements.

Alternative Capital Sources

The Company utilizes co-investments as an alternative source of capital for acquisitions of both operating and development communities. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Company had an interest in 1,190814 apartment homes ofin communities actively under development with joint ventures for total estimated costs of $0.7$0.6 billion. Total estimated remaining costs total approximately $0.4$0.3 billion, of which the Company estimates that its remaining investment in these development joint ventures will be

approximately $0.2 billion. In addition, the Company had an interest in 10,87610,810 apartment homes of operating communities with joint ventures for a total book value of $0.8$0.9 billion as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2018.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has various unconsolidated interests in certain joint ventures. The Company does not believe that these unconsolidated investments have a materially different impact on its liquidity, cash flows, capital resources, credit or market risk than its consolidated operations. See Note 3,4, Co-investments, in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for carrying values and combined summarized financial information of these unconsolidated investments.
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. The Company defines critical accounting policies as those accounting policies that require the Company’s management to exercise their most difficult, subjective and complex judgments. The Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates relate principally to the following key areas: (i) accounting for business combinations; (ii) consolidation under applicable accounting standards for entities that are not wholly owned; (iii) assessing the carrying values of ourthe Company's real estate properties and investments in and advances to joint ventures and affiliates; and (iv) internal cost capitalization. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, current market conditions, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from those estimates made by management.

The Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates have not changed materially from the information reported in Note 2, “SummarySummary of Critical and Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017.
  
Forward-Looking Statements
 
Certain statements in this "Management's“Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,"” and elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q which are not historical facts may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"“Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, including statements regarding the Company's expectations, estimates, assumptions, hopes, intentions, beliefs and strategies regarding the future. Words such as "expects," "anticipates," "may," "will," "intends," "plans," "believes," "seeks," "estimates,"“expects,” “assumes,” “anticipates,” “may,” “will,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements regarding the Company’s intent, beliefs or expectations aswith respect to the timing of completion of current development and redevelopment projects and the stabilization of such projects, expectations as tothe timing of lease-up and occupancy of its apartment communities, the anticipated operating performance of its apartment communities, the total projected costs of development and redevelopment projects, beliefsco-investment activities, qualification as toa REIT under the Code, the real estate markets in the geographies in which the Company’s properties are located and in the United States in general, the adequacy of future cash flows to meet anticipated cash needs, statements regarding Company'sits financing activities and the use of proceeds from such activities, the availability of debt and equity financing, general economic conditions including the potential impacts from the economic conditions, trends affecting the Company’s financial condition or results of operations, changes to U.S. tax laws and regulations in general or specifically related to REITs or real estate, changes to laws and regulations in jurisdictions in which communities the Company owns are located, and other information that is not historical information.

While the Company's management believes the assumptions underlying its forward-looking statements are reasonable, such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond the Company’s control, which could cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. ManyThe Company cannot assure the future results or outcome of the matters described in these uncertainties and risks are difficult to predict and beyond management's control.statements; rather, these statements merely reflect the Company’s current expectations of the approximate outcomes of the matters discussed. Factors that might cause such differencesthe Company’s actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, thatthe following: the Company willmay fail to achieve its business objectives, thatobjectives; the actual completion of development and redevelopment projects willmay be subject to delays, thatdelays; the stabilization dates of such projects willmay be delayed, thatdelayed; the Company may abandon or defer development projects for a number of reasons, including changes in local market conditions which make development less desirable, increases in costs of development, increases in the cost of capital or lack of capital availability, resulting in losses; the total projected costs of current development and

redevelopment projects willmay exceed expectations, thatexpectations; such development and redevelopment projects willmay not

be completed, thatcompleted; development and redevelopment projects and acquisitions willmay fail to meet expectations, thatexpectations; estimates of future income from an acquired property may prove to be inaccurate, thatinaccurate; occupancy rates and rental demand may be adversely affected by competition and local economic and market conditions; there may be increased interest rates and operating costs, thatcosts; the Company may be unsuccessful in the management of its relationships with its co-investment partners; future cash flows willmay be inadequate to meet operating requirements and/or willmay be insufficient to provide for dividend payments in accordance with REIT requirements, thatrequirements; there may be a downturn in general economic conditions, the real estate industry, and the markets in which the Company's communities are located, thatlocated; the terms of any refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of existing indebtedness, as well asindebtedness; and those risks, special considerations, and other factors referred to in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016,2017, and in the Company's other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). All forward-looking statements are made as of the date hereof, and the Company assumes no obligation to update or supplement this information for any reason.reason, and therefore, they may not represent the Company’s estimates and assumptions after the date of this report.

Funds from Operations Attributable to Common Stockholders and Unitholders
 
Funds from Operations Attributable to Common Stockholders and Unitholders ("FFO"(“FFO”) is a financial measure that is commonly used in the REIT industry.  The Company presents FFO as a supplemental operating performance measure. FFO is not used by the Company as, nor should it be considered to be, an alternative to net earnings computed under U.S. GAAP as an indicator of the Company’s operating performance or as an alternative to cash from operating activities computed under U.S. GAAP as an indicator of the Company’s ability to fund its cash needs.
 
FFO is not meant to represent a comprehensive system of financial reporting and does not present, nor does it intend to present, a complete picture of the Company's financial condition and operating performance. The Company believes that net earnings computed under U.S. GAAP is the primary measure of performance and that FFO is only meaningful when it is used in conjunction with net earnings. The Company considers FFO and FFO excluding non-recurring items and acquisition costs (referred to as “Core FFO”) to be useful financial performance measurements of an equity REIT because, together with net income and cash flows, FFO and Core FFO provide investors with additional bases to evaluate operating performance and ability of a REIT to incur and service debt and to fund acquisitions and other capital expenditures and ability to pay dividends. Further, the Company believes that its consolidated financial statements, prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, provide the most meaningful picture of its financial condition and its operating performance.
 
In calculating FFO, the Company follows the definition for this measure published by the National Association of REITsReal Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), which is athe leading REIT tradeindustry association. The Company believes that, under the NAREIT FFO definition, the two most significant adjustments made to net income are (i) the exclusion of historical cost depreciation and (ii) the exclusion of gains and losses from the sale of previously depreciated properties. The Company agrees that these two NAREIT adjustments are useful to investors for the following reason:reasons:
 
(a)historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with U.S. GAAP assumes, through depreciation charges, that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. NAREIT stated in its White Paper on Funds from Operations “since real estate asset values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors have considered presentations of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves.” Consequently, NAREIT’s definition of FFO reflects the fact that real estate, as an asset class, generally appreciates over time and depreciation charges required by U.S. GAAP do not reflect the underlying economic realities.

(b)REITs were created as a legal form of organization in order to encourage public ownership of real estate as an asset class through investment in firms that were in the business of long-term ownership and management of real estate.  The exclusion, in NAREIT’s definition of FFO, of gains and losses from the sales of previously depreciated operating real estate assets allows investors and analysts to readily identify the operating results of the long-term assets that form the core of a REIT’s activity and assists in comparing those operating results between periods.

Management believes that it has consistently applied the NAREIT definition of FFO to all periods presented. However, there is judgment involved and other REITs’ calculation of FFO may vary from the NAREIT definition for this measure, and thus their disclosure of FFO may not be comparable to the Company’s calculation.





The following table is a reconciliation of net income available to common stockholders to FFO and Core FFO for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 (in thousands except share and per share amounts):


Essex Property Trust, Inc.
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017
Net income available to common stockholders$79,723
 $65,561
 $329,446
 $215,555
$90,918
 $178,964
Adjustments: 
  
  
  
 
  
Depreciation and amortization117,451
 110,467
 350,893
 329,847
119,105
 115,503
Gains not included in Funds from Operations attributable to common stockholders and unitholders(10,307) —
 (125,122) (33,304)—
 (112,656)
Deferred tax expense on sale of real estate and land - taxable REIT subsidiary activity—
 —
 —
 4,279
Depreciation and amortization add back from unconsolidated co-investments13,854
 12,857
 40,335
 37,337
15,859
 12,854
Noncontrolling interest related to Operating Partnership units2,721
 2,223
 11,289
 7,457
3,132
 6,146
Depreciation attributable to third party ownership and other(23) (5) (74) (3)(232) (25)
Funds from Operations attributable to common stockholders and unitholders$203,419
 $191,103
 $606,767
 $561,168
$228,782
 $200,786
Funds from Operations attributable to common stockholders and unitholders per share - diluted$2.97
 $2.81
 $8.90
 $8.27
$3.35
 $2.95
Non-core items: 
  
  
  
 
  
Acquisition and investment related costs324
 284
 1,154
 1,379
Gain on sale of marketable securities and other investments(32) (1,033) (1,650) (2,876)
Expensed acquisition and investment related costs57
 556
Gain on sale of marketable securities(680) (1,605)
Unrealized losses on marketable securities876
 —
Interest rate hedge ineffectiveness (1)
1
 —
 (19) —
56
 (6)
Loss on early retirement of debt—
 211
 —
 211
Co-investment promote income(20,541) —
Income from early redemption of preferred equity investments(8) —
 (256) —
(24) —
Excess of redemption value of preferred stock over carrying value—
 —
 —
 2,541
Insurance reimbursements, legal settlements, and other, net335
 (31) 310
 (4,041)2,433
 (25)
Core Funds from Operations attributable to common stockholders and unitholders$204,039
 $190,534

$606,306

$558,382
$210,959
 $199,706
Core Funds from Operations attributable to common stockholders and unitholders per share-diluted$2.98
 $2.81
 $8.90
 $8.23
$3.09
 $2.94
Weighted average number shares outstanding diluted (2)
68,392,419
 67,914,123
 68,159,766
 67,881,126
68,318,012
 67,974,466

(1) Interest rate swaps generally are adjusted to fair value through other comprehensive income (loss). However, because certain of ourthe Company's interest rate swaps do not have a 0% LIBOR floor, while related hedged debt in these cases is subject to a 0% LIBOR floor, the portion of the change in fair value of these interest rate swaps attributable to this mismatch, if any, is recorded as a non-cash interest rate hedge ineffectiveness through interest expense.

(2) Assumes conversion of all dilutive outstanding operating partnership interests in the Operating Partnership and excludes all DownREIT limited partnership units for which the Operating Partnership has the ability and intention to redeem the DownREIT limited partnership units for cash and does not consider them to be common stock equivalents.

Net Operating Income

NOINet operating income (“NOI”) and Same-Property NOI are considered by management to be an important supplemental performance measure to earnings from operations included in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. The presentation of Same-Property NOI assists with the presentation of the Company’s operations prior to the allocation of depreciation and any corporate-level or financing-related costs. NOI reflects the operating performance of a community and allows for an easy comparison of the operating performance of individual communities or groups of communities. In addition, because prospective buyers of real estate have different financing and overhead structures, with varying marginal impacts to overhead by acquiring real estate, NOI is considered by many in the real estate industry to be a useful measure for determining the value of a real estate asset or group of

assets. The Company defines Same-Property NOI as Same-Property revenue less Same-Property operating expenses, including property taxes. Please see the reconciliation of earnings from operations to Same-Property NOI, which in the table below is the NOI for stabilized properties consolidated by the Company for the periods presented ($ in thousands):


Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017
Earnings from operations$112,669
 $109,412
 $334,147
 $315,280
$110,547
 $109,231
Adjustments: 
  
  
  
 
  
Corporate-level property management expenses7,770
 7,509
Depreciation and amortization117,451
 110,467
 350,893
 329,847
119,105
 115,503
Management and other fees from affiliates(2,395) (2,093) (6,927) (6,145)(2,308) (2,236)
General and administrative9,788
 9,647
 30,726
 28,527
14,813
 10,601
Acquisition and investment related costs324
 284
 1,154
 1,379
Expensed acquisition and investment related costs57
 556
NOI237,837
 227,717
 709,993
 668,888
249,984
 241,164
Less: Non-Same Property NOI(22,550) (18,909) (68,682) (54,927)(17,255) (16,596)
Same-Property NOI$215,287
 $208,808
 $641,311
 $613,961
$232,729
 $224,568

Item 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks

Interest Rate Hedging Activities

The Company’s objective in using derivatives is to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements or other identified risks. To accomplish this objective, the Company uses interest rate swaps as part of its cash flow hedging strategy. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Company has entered into five interest rate swap contracts to mitigate the risk of changes in the interest-related cash outflows on $175.0 million of the Company's five-year unsecured term debt. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Company also had $281.1$270.1 million of variable rate indebtedness, of which $20.7$9.9 million is subject to interest rate cap protection. All of the Company's interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2018. The following table summarizes the notional amount, carrying value, and estimated fair value of the Company’s cash flow hedge derivative instruments used to hedge interest rates as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2018. The notional amount represents the aggregate amount of a particular security that is currently hedged at one time, but does not represent exposure to credit, interest rates, or market risks. The table also includes a sensitivity analysis to demonstrate the impact on the Company’s derivative instruments from an increase or decrease in 10-year Treasury bill interest rates by 50 basis points, as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2018.

  Carrying and Estimated Carrying Value  Carrying and Estimated Carrying Value
Notional Maturity Estimated 50 -50Notional Maturity Estimated 50 -50
(in thousands)Amount Date Range Fair Value Basis Points Basis Points
($ in thousands)Amount Date Range Fair Value Basis Points Basis Points
Cash flow hedges:     
  
     
  
Interest rate swaps$175,000
 2022 $3,814
 $7,389
 $214
$175,000
 2022 $7,652
 $10,771
 $4,566
Interest rate caps20,674
 2018-2019 —
 —
 —
9,924
 2019 —
 —
 —
Total cash flow hedges$195,674
 2018-2022 $3,814
 $7,389
 $214
$184,924
 2019-2022 $7,652
 $10,771
 $4,566

Additionally, the Company has entered into total return swap contracts, with an aggregate notional amount of $256.8$256.5 million that effectively convert $256.8$256.5 million of fixed mortgage notes payable to a floating interest rate based on the SIFMA plus a spread and have a carrying value of zero at September 30, 2017.March 31, 2018. The Company is exposed to insignificant interest rate risk on these swaps as the related mortgages are callable, at par, by the Company, co-terminus with the termination of any related swap. These derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting.

Interest Rate Sensitive Liabilities

The Company is exposed to interest rate changes primarily as a result of its lines of credit and long-term debt used to maintain liquidity and fund capital expenditures and expansion of the Company's real estate investment portfolio and operations. The Company’s interest rate risk management objective is to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows

and to lower its overall borrowing costs. To achieve its objectives, the Company borrows primarily at fixed rates and may enter into derivative financial instruments such as interest rate swaps, caps, and treasury locks in order to mitigate its interest rate risk

on a related financial instrument. The Company does not enter into derivative or interest rate transactions for speculative purposes.

The Company’s interest rate risk is monitored using a variety of techniques. The table below presents the principal amounts and weighted average interest rates by year of expected maturity to evaluate the expected cash flows.
 
For the Years Ended2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Thereafter Total Fair value2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Thereafter Total Fair value
(in thousands, except for interest rates)          
($ in thousands, except for interest rates)($ in thousands, except for interest rates)          
Fixed rate debt$7,590
 256,567
 660,726
 694,241
 544,103
 2,810,732
 $4,973,959
 $5,102,418
$126,329
 626,424
 694,273
 544,138
 341,692
 2,768,858
 $5,101,714
 $5,104,789
Average interest rate4.5% 5.7% 4.2% 4.8% 4.3% 3.6% 4.0%  
5.7% 4.2% 4.8% 4.3% 3.7% 3.7% 4.0%  
Variable rate debt (1)
$2,738

541

592
 646
 707
 628,477
(2) (3) 
$633,701
 $629,127
$411

592

648
 708
 350,774
 266,950

$620,083
 $615,632
Average interest rate1.9% 1.9% 1.9% 1.9% 1.9% 2.1% 2.1%  
2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.4% 2.1% 2.3%  
 
(1) $175.0 million is subject to interest rate swap agreements.
(2) $20.7agreements, $9.9 million is subject to interest rate caps.
(3) $256.8caps, and $256.5 million is subject to total return swaps.

The table incorporates only those exposures that exist as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2018. It does not consider those exposures or positions that could arise after that date. As a result, the Company's ultimate realized gain or loss, with respect to interest rate fluctuations and hedging strategies would depend on the exposures that arise prior to settlement.

Item 4: Controls and Procedures

Essex Property Trust, Inc.

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, Essex carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including Essex’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of Essex's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, Essex’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, Essex's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by Essex in the reports that Essex files or submits under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and that such disclosure controls and procedures were also effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that Essex files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to Essex’s management, including Essex’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There were no changes in Essex’s internal control over financial reporting, that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Essex’s internal control over financial reporting.

Essex Portfolio, L.P.

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Operating Partnership carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including Essex's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Operating Partnership's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Operating Partnership's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Operating Partnership in the reports that the Operating Partnership files or submitsubmits under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and that such disclosure controls and procedures were also effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Operating Partnership files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Operating Partnership’s management, including Essex's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Index


There were no changes in the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting, that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Part II -- Other Information

Item 1: Legal Proceedings

The Company is subject to various lawsuits in the normal course of its business operations. While the resolution of any such matter cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company is not currently a party to any legal proceedings nor is any legal proceeding currently threatened against the Company that the Company believes, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A: Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in "Part“Part I. Item A. Risk Factors"Factors” in ourthe Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016,2017, which could materially affect ourthe Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. There have been no material changes to the Risk Factors disclosed in Item 1A of the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016,2017, as filed with the SEC and available at www.sec.gov. The risks described in ourthe Company's annual report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that wethe Company currently deemdeems to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect ourthe Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Item 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities; Essex Portfolio, L.P.

During the three months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the Operating Partnership issued partnership unitsOP Units in private placements in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, in the amounts and for the consideration set forth below:

During the three months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, Essex issued an aggregate of 13,7266,876 shares of its common stock upon the exercise of stock options.options and vesting of restricted stock awards. Essex contributed the proceeds of $2.0$1.2 million from the option exercises during the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 to the Operating Partnership in exchange for an aggregate of 13,7266,664 OP Units, as required by the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement. Furthermore, for each share of common stock issued by Essex in connection with vesting of restricted stock awards and the exchange of OP Units by limited partners, the Operating Partnership issued OP Units to Essex, as required by the partnership agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, an aggregate of 212 OP Units were issued to Essex pursuant to this mechanism.

Stock Repurchases

The following table summarizes the Company’s purchases of its common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2018:    
  
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
 
Average Price
Paid Per Share
Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of a
Publicly Announced
Program(1)
 Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program (in Thousands)
January 1, 2018 - January 31, 2018 16,834
 $224.13  16,834  $245,200 
February 1, 2018 - February 28, 2018 —
 — —  — 
March 1, 2018 - March 31, 2018 —
 — —  — 
Total 16,834
 $224.13  16,834  $245,200 

(1) In December 2015, the Company’s board of directors authorized a stock repurchase plan to allow Essex to acquire shares in an aggregate of up to $250 million. Under this program, as of March 31, 2018, the Company had $245.2 million of purchase authority remaining.


Item 3: Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4: Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5: Other Information

None.


Item 6: Exhibits
 
A. Exhibits 
3.1
Sixth Amended and Restated Bylaws of Essex Property Trust, Inc. (as of February 21, 2017), attached as Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 27, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.
3.2
First Amendment to Sixth Amended and Restated Bylaws of Essex Property Trust, Inc., dated February 20, 2018, attached as Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 22, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.

4.1
Indenture, dated March 8, 2018, among Essex Portfolio, L.P., Essex Property Trust, Inc., and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, including the form of 4.500% Senior Notes due 2048 and the guarantee thereof, attached as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 8, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.

10.1
Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement dated as of January 17, 2018 by and among Essex Portfolio, L.P., PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent and L/C Issuer and the other lenders party thereto, attached as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 18, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.

12.1*
Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.
  
31.1*
Certification of Michael J. Schall, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  
31.2*
Certification of Angela L. Kleiman, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  
31.3*
Certification of Michael J. Schall,  Principal Executive Officer of General Partner, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  
31.4*
Certification of Angela L. Kleiman, Principal Financial Officer of General Partner, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  
32.1*
Certification of Michael J. Schall, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
  
32.2*
Certification of Angela L. Kleiman, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
  
32.3*
Certification of Michael J. Schall, Principal Executive Officer of General Partner, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
  
32.4*
Certification of Angela L. Kleiman, Principal Financial Officer of General Partner, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
  
101.INSXBRL Instance Document
  
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
  
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
  
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
  
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
  
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* Filed or furnished herewith.

** In accordance with Item 601(b)(32) of Regulation S-K, this Exhibit is not deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section. Such certifications will not be deemed incorporated by

reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrants have duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
                    
 ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC.
 (Registrant)
  
 Date: November 3, 2017May 4, 2018
  
 By:  /S/ ANGELA L. KLEIMAN
  
 Angela L. Kleiman
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Authorized Officer, Principal Financial Officer)

 Date: November 3, 2017May 4, 2018
  
 By:  /S/ JOHN FARIAS
  
 John Farias
 Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer

 
ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P.
By Essex Property Trust, Inc., its general partner
 (Registrant)
  
 Date: November 3, 2017May 4, 2018
  
 By:  /S/ ANGELA L. KLEIMAN
  
 Angela L. Kleiman
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Authorized Officer, Principal Financial Officer)

 Date: November 3, 2017May 4, 2018
  
 By:  /S/ JOHN FARIAS
  
 John Farias
 Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer


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