SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with instructions for Form ~~10-Q~~10-Q and accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"); therefore, they do not include all disclosures necessary for a complete presentation of financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Such statements are unaudited but, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature and necessary for a fair presentation of results for the selected interim periods. Users of financial information produced for interim periods are encouraged to refer to the footnotes contained in the audited consolidated financial statements appearing in Security Federal Corporation’s (the “Company”) ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report to Shareholders which was filed as an exhibit to our Annual Report on Form ~~10-K~~10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022 (“~~2021 10-K”~~202210-K”) when reviewing interim financial statements. The unaudited consolidated results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, ~~2022~~2023 or any other period. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

NOTE 2 - PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Security Federal Bank (the “Bank”) and the Bank’s wholly owned subsidiaries, Security Federal Investments, Inc. ("SFINV"), and Security Federal Insurance, Inc. (“SFINS”~~), and Security Financial Services Corporation (“SFSC”~~). SFINV was formed to hold investment securities and allow for better management of the securities portfolio. SFINS is an insurance agency offering auto, business, ~~health~~ and home insurance. Effective April 30, 2022, Collier Jennings Financial Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of SFINS, and its subsidiaries, Security Federal Auto Insurance, The Auto Insurance Store Inc., and Security Federal Premium Pay Plans Inc. and its wholly owned premium finance subsidiary were dissolved. Security Federal Premium Pay Plans Inc.’s ownership interests in four other premium finance subsidiaries were disposed of at an immaterial gain. Additionally, effective April 30, 2022, previously inactive SFSC was dissolved. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company has a wholly owned subsidiary, Security Federal Statutory Trust (the “Trust”), which issued and sold fixed and floating rate capital securities of the Trust. However, under current accounting guidance, the Trust is not consolidated in the Company’s financial statements. The Bank is primarily engaged in the business of accepting savings and demand deposits and originating mortgage loans and other loans to individuals and small businesses for various personal and commercial purposes.

NOTE 3 - ~~CRITICAL~~SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company has adopted various accounting policies, which govern the application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States in the preparation of our financial statements. Our significant accounting policies are described in the footnotes to the audited consolidated financial statements at December 31, ~~2021~~2022 included in our ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report to Shareholders. Certain accounting policies involve significant judgments and assumptions by management, which have a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities, and, as such, have a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported. We consider these accounting policies to be critical accounting policies. The judgments and assumptions we use are based on historical experience and other factors, which we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Because of the nature of the judgments and assumptions we make, actual results could differ from these judgments and estimates which could have a material impact on our carrying values of assets and liabilities and our results of operations.

There have been no significant changes to the application of significant accounting policies since December 31, 2022, except for the following:

Accounting Standards Adopted in 2023

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13 Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 326. This standard replaced the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. CECL requires an estimate of credit losses for the remaining estimated life of the financial asset using historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts and generally applies to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities, and some off-balance sheet credit exposures such as unfunded commitments to extend credit. Financial assets measured at amortized cost will be presented at the net amount expected to be collected by using an allowance for credit losses.

In addition, CECL made changes to the accounting for AFS debt securities. One such change is to require credit losses to be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down on AFS debt securities if management does not intend to sell and does not believe that it is more likely than not, they will be required to sell.

The Company adopted ASC 326 and all related subsequent amendments thereto effective January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective approach for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures. The transition adjustment of the adoption of CECL included an increase in the allowance for credit losses on loans of $784,000, which is presented as a reduction to net loans outstanding, and an increase in the allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments of $1.2 million, which is recorded within "Other Liabilities." The adoption of CECL had an insignificant impact on the Company's investments HTM and investments AFS portfolios. The Company recorded a net decrease to retained earnings of $1.6 million as of January 1, 2023 for the cumulative effect of adopting CECL, which reflects the transition adjustments noted above, net of the applicable deferred tax assets recorded. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under CECL while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable accounting standards (“Incurred Loss”).The Company adopted ASC 326 using the prospective transition approach for debt securities for which other-than-temporary impairment had been recognized prior to January 1, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any other-than-temporarily impaired investment securities. Therefore, upon adoption of ASC 326, the Company determined that an allowance for credit losses on investments AFS was not deemed material.

The Company elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivable and instead elected to reverse interest income on loans or securities that are placed on nonaccrual status, which is generally when the instrument is 90 days past due, or earlier if the Company believes the ~~allowance for loan losses~~collection of interest is a critical accounting policy that requires the most significant judgments and estimates used in preparation of the consolidated financial statements. The impact of an unexpected and sudden large loss could deplete the allowance and potentially require increased provisions to replenish the allowance, which would negatively affect earnings.doubtful. The Company ~~provides for loan losses using~~has concluded that this policy results in the allowance method. Accordingly, all loan losses are charged to the related allowance and all recoveries are credited to the allowance for loan losses. Additions to the allowance for loan losses are provided by charges to operations based on various factors, which, in management’s judgment, deserve current recognition in estimating possible losses. Such factors considered by management include the fair valuetimely reversal of the underlying collateral, stated guarantees by the borrower (if applicable), the borrower’s ability to repay from other economic resources, growth and composition of the loan portfolio, the relationship of the allowance for loan losses to the outstanding loans, loss experience, delinquency trends, and general economic conditions. Management evaluates the carrying value of the loans periodically and the allowance is adjusted accordingly.

uncollectible interest.

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

~~While management uses the best information available~~

Allowance for Credit Losses – Held to ~~make evaluations, future adjustments may be necessary if economic conditions differ substantially~~Maturity Securities

Management measures expected credit losses on HTM debt securities on a collective basis by major security type. Accrued interest receivable on HTM debt securities totaled $946,000 at September 30, 2023 and was excluded from the ~~assumptions used in making these evaluations.~~estimate of credit losses. The estimate of expected credit losses is primarily based on the ratings assigned to the securities by debt rating agencies and the average of the annual historical loss rates associated with those ratings. The Company then multiplies those loss rates, as adjusted for any modifications to reflect current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts as considered necessary, by the remaining lives of each individual security to arrive at a lifetime expected loss amount. Additionally, private label collateralized mortgage obligation ("CMO") securities which are not explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government are evaluated utilizing underlying pool data such as historical loss rates, loan-to-value ratios and credit enhancement data. See "Note 7 - Investments, Held to Maturity" with regards to the investments HTM portfolio major security types.

All mortgage-backed securities issued by government-sponsored corporations are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses. The state and local governments securities held by the Company are highly rated by major rating agencies.As a result, no allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses ~~is subject~~was recorded on investments HTM at September 30, 2023.

Allowance for Credit Losses – Available for Sale Securities

For investments AFS, management evaluates all securities in an unrealized loss position on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such evaluation. If the Company has the intent to ~~periodic evaluations by our bank regulatory agencies, including~~sell the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ("Federal Reserve"), the FDIC and the South Carolina Board of Financial Institutions, which may require adjustments to be made to the allowance based upon the information that is available at the time of their examination.

~~The Company values impaired loans at the loan’s fair value if~~security or it is ~~probable~~more likely than not that the Company will be ~~unable~~required to ~~collect all amounts due according~~sell the security, the security is written down to fair value and the entire loss is recorded in earnings.

If either of the above criteria is not met, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value is the result of credit losses or other factors. In making the assessment, the Company may consider various factors including the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, performance on any underlying collateral, downgrades in the ratings of the security by a rating agency, the failure of the issuer to make scheduled interest or principal payments and adverse conditions specifically related to the ~~terms of~~security. If the ~~loan agreement at~~assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of ~~expected~~ cash flows expected to be collected are compared to the ~~market price~~amortized cost basis of the ~~loan, if available,~~security and any excess is recorded as an allowance for credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any amount of unrealized loss that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit loss is recognized in other comprehensive income.

Changes in the allowance for credit loss are recorded as provision for (or reversal of) credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the allowance for credit loss when management believes an AFS security is confirmed to be uncollectible or ~~the value~~when either of the ~~underlying collateral. Expected cash flows~~criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. At September 30, 2023, there was no allowance for credit loss related to the AFS portfolio.

Accrued interest receivable on investments AFS totaled $2.9 million at September 30, 2023 and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

Loans

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are ~~required~~reported at amortized cost. Amortized cost is the principal balance outstanding, net of purchase premiums and discounts and deferred fees and costs. Accrued interest receivable related to loans is reported in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income using methods that approximate a level yield without anticipating prepayments.

The accrual of interest is generally discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days past due and is not well collateralized and in the process of collection, or when management believes, after considering economic and business conditions and collection efforts, that the principal or interest will not be collectible in the normal course of business. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. A loan is considered past due when a scheduled payment has not been received 30 days after the contractual due date.

All accrued interest is reversed against interest income when a loan is placed on nonaccrual status. Interest received on such loans is accounted for using the cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Under the cost-recovery method, interest income is not recognized until the loan balance is reduced to zero. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current, there is a sustained period of repayment performance, and future payments are reasonably assured.

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans

The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans' amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be ~~discounted~~collected on the loans. Loans are charged off against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

The allowance for credit losses represents management’s estimate of lifetime credit losses inherent in loans as of the balance sheet date. The allowance for credit losses is estimated by management using relevant available information, from both internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

The Company measures expected credit losses for loans on a pooled basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The Company has identified the following portfolio segments:

Real Estate

•

Construction - Construction loans consist of loans to construct a borrower’s primary or secondary residence or vacant land upon which the owner intends to construct a dwelling at a future date. These loans are typically secured by undeveloped or partially developed land in anticipation of completing construction of a 1-4 family residential property. There is risk these construction and development projects can experience delays and cost overruns exceeding the borrower’s financial ability to complete the project. Such cost overruns can result in foreclosure of partially completed and unmarketable collateral. In addition, construction loans consist of loans to finance land for development of commercial or residential real property and construction of multifamily apartments or other commercial properties. These loans are highly dependent on the supply and demand for commercial real estate as well as the demand for newly constructed residential homes and lots acquired for development. Deterioration in demand could result in decreased collateral values, which could make repayments of outstanding loans difficult for customers.

•

Residential Mortgage - Residential mortgages consist of loans to purchase or refinance the borrower’s primary dwelling, second residence or vacation home and are often secured by 1-4 family residential property. Significant and rapid declines in real estate values can result in borrowers having debt levels in excess of the current market value of the collateral.

•

Commercial - Owner occupied commercial mortgages consist of loans to purchase or re-finance owner occupied nonresidential properties. Typically, owner occupied commercial real estate loans are secured by office buildings, warehouses, manufacturing facilities and other commercial and industrial properties occupied by operating companies. Commercial mortgages secured by owner occupied properties are primarily dependent on the ability of borrowers to achieve business results consistent with those projected at loan origination. While these loans are collateralized by real property in an effort to mitigate risk, it is possible the liquidation of collateral will not fully satisfy the obligation. Non-owner occupied commercial mortgages consist of loans to purchase or refinance investment nonresidential properties. Typically, non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans are secured by office buildings and complexes, retail facilities, multifamily complexes, land under development, industrial properties, as well as other commercial or industrial real estate. The primary risk associated with non-owner occupied commercial mortgage loans is the ability of the income-producing property that collateralizes the loan to produce adequate cash flow to service the debt. While these loans are collateralized by real property in an effort to mitigate risk, it is possible the liquidation of collateral will not fully satisfy the obligation.

Commercial and Agricultural - Commercial business loans consist of loans or lines of credit to finance accounts receivable, inventory or other general business needs, business credit cards, and lease financing agreements for equipment, vehicles, or other assets. The primary risk associated with commercial and industrial and lease financing loans is the ability of borrowers to achieve business results consistent with those projected at origination. Failure to achieve these projections presents risk the ~~loan’s effective interest rate. When~~borrower will be unable to service the ultimate collectability of an impaired loan’s principal is in doubt, wholly or partially, all cash receipts are applied to principal. When this doubt does not exist, cash receipts are applied underdebt consistent with the contractual terms of the loan ~~agreement~~ or lease.

Consumer loans

•

Home equity - Home equity loans consist of home equity lines of credit and other lines of credit secured by first or second liens on the borrower’s primary residence. These loans are secured by both senior and junior liens on the residential real estate and are particularly susceptible to declining collateral values.

•

Other - Consumer loans consist of loans to finance unsecured home improvements, student loans, automobiles and revolving lines of credit that can be secured or unsecured. The value of the underlying collateral within this class is at risk of potential rapid depreciation which could result in unpaid balances in excess of the collateral.

The Company calculates the allowance for credit losses on loans for each pool of loans using a remaining life loss methodology with a two quarter reasonable and supportable forecast period and an immediate reversion period. Management believes that the Company’s historical loss experience provides the best basis for its assessment of expected credit losses on loans to ~~interest and then to principal. Once~~determine the recorded principal balance has been reduced to zero, future cash receipts are applied to interest income to the extent that any interest has been foregone. Further cash receipts are recorded as recoveries of any amounts previously charged off.

allowance for credit losses. The Company uses ~~assumptions~~its own internal data to measure historical credit loss experience within the loan pools with similar risk characteristics over an economic cycle. The Company then forecasts the calculated historical loss rates over the calculated remaining life of loans by pool.

Additionally, the allowance for credit losses calculation includes subjective adjustments for qualitative risk factors that are likely to cause estimated credit losses to differ from historical experience. These qualitative adjustments may increase or reduce reserve levels and ~~estimates~~include adjustments for lending management experience and risk tolerance, loan review and audit results, asset quality and portfolio trends, loan portfolio growth, industry concentrations, trends in ~~determining~~underlying collateral, external factors and economic conditions not already captured.

Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. When management determines that foreclosure is probable and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, the expected credit losses are based on the fair value of collateral at the reporting date adjusted for selling costs as appropriate.

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Allowance for Credit Losses – Unfunded Commitments

Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit issued to meet customer financing needs. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for off-balance sheet loan commitments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

The Company records an allowance for credit losses - unfunded commitments unless the commitments to extend credit are unconditionally cancellable, through a charge to provision for unfunded commitments, which is included in the provision for credit losses in the Company’s consolidated income ~~taxes payable or refundable~~statements. The allowance for credit losses - unfunded commitments is estimated by loan segment at each balance sheet date under CECL using the same methodologies as portfolio loans, taking into consideration the likelihood that funding will occur as well as any third-party guarantees. The allowance for credit losses - unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

In January 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” (“ASU 2022-02”), which eliminated the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, for public business entities, the guidance requires disclosure of current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. The Company adopted the guidance using the modified retrospective method. Upon adoption of this guidance, the Company no longer establishes a specific reserve for modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Instead, these modifications are included in their respective cohort and a historical loss rate is applied to the current year, deferred income tax liabilities and assets for events recognized differently in its financial statements and income tax returns, and income tax expense. Determining these amounts requires analysis of certain transactions and interpretation of tax laws and regulations. The Company exercises considerable judgment in evaluatingloan balance to arrive at the ~~amount and timing of recognition~~quantitative baseline portion of the ~~resulting tax liabilities~~allowance. The difference between the allowance previously determined and ~~assets.~~the current allowance was not material to the Company’s financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The following is a summary of recent authoritative pronouncements that could affect accounting, reporting, and disclosure of financial information by the Company:

In December 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued amendments to extend the period of time preparers can use the reference rate reform relief guidance under ASC Topic 848 from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2024, to address the fact that all London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") tenors were not discontinued as of December 31, 2021, and some tenors would not be published until June 2023. The amendments are effective immediately for all entities and are applied prospectively. These ~~judgments and estimates are reevaluated on~~amendments did not have a ~~continual basis as regulatory and business factors change. No assurance can be given that either the tax returns submitted by us or the income tax reported~~material effect on the Company's consolidated financial ~~statements will not be adjusted by either adverse rulings~~statements.

Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the ~~United States Tax Court, changes in~~FASB or other standards-setting authorities are not expected to have a material impact on the ~~tax code,~~Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or ~~assessments made by the Internal Revenue Service.~~cash flows.

NOTE 4 - EARNINGS PER SHARE

Accounting guidance specifies the computation, presentation and disclosure requirements for earnings per share (“EPS”) for entities with publicly held common stock or potential common stock such as options, warrants, convertible securities or contingent stock agreements if those securities trade in a public market. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is computed similar to ~~the computation of~~ basic EPS except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive common shares had been issued. The dilutive effect of options outstanding under the Company’s stock option plan is reflected in diluted EPS by application of the treasury stock method. There were no stock options outstanding at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 or ~~2021;~~2022; and therefore, no dilutive options were included in the calculation of diluted EPS for those periods. The following tables include a summary of the Company's basic EPS for the ~~three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.~~periods indicated.

	*Three Months Ended September 30,*
	*2023*						2022
	*Income*		*Shares*		*EPS*		Income		Shares		EPS
Basic EPS	$	2,122,042		3,248,226	$	0.65	$	3,225,803		3,252,884	$	0.99

	*Nine Months Ended September 30,*
	*2023*						2022
	*Income*		*Shares*		*EPS*		Income		Shares		EPS
Basic EPS	$	6,574,339		3,251,610	$	2.02	$	6,938,637		3,252,884	$	2.13

Three Months Ended September 30,
2022 2021
Income Shares EPS Income Shares EPS
Basic EPS $ 3,225,803 3,252,884 $ 0.99 $ 4,642,470 3,252,884 $ 1.43
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022 2021
Income Shares EPS Income Shares EPS
Basic EPS $ 6,938,637 3,252,884 $ 2.13 $ 10,745,404 3,252,884 $ 3.30

NOTE 5 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Certain officers and directors of the Company participate in incentive and non-qualified stock option plans. Options are granted at exercise prices not less than the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. At September 30, ~~2022~~ 2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, the Company had no options outstanding and there was no activity during ~~both~~ the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~ 2023 and ~~2021.~~2022. At those dates, there were 50,000 options available for grants.

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 6 - INVESTMENTS, AVAILABLE FOR SALE ("AFS")

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses, and fair values of investments ~~available for sale~~AFS at the dates indicated were as follows:

	*September 30, 2023*
	*Amortized*		*Gross Unrealized*		*Gross Unrealized*			*Fair*
	*Cost*		*Gains*		*Losses*			*Value*
Student Loan Pools	$	53,149,118	$	93,233	$	(748,230	)	$	52,494,121
Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Bonds		80,809,436		408,529		(3,291,469	)		77,926,496
Tax Exempt Municipal Bonds		21,486,631		108,726		(2,123,259	)		19,472,098
Taxable Municipal Bonds		64,689,585		—		(15,278,275	)		49,411,310
Mortgage-Backed Securities ("MBS")		371,796,460		3,408		(39,682,320	)		332,117,548
Total Investments AFS	$	591,931,230	$	613,896	$	(61,123,553	)	$	531,421,573

	December 31, 2022
	Amortized		Gross Unrealized		Gross Unrealized			Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses			Value
Student Loan Pools	$	60,854,658	$	11,647	$	(1,709,323	)	$	59,156,982
SBA Bonds		102,292,600		584,290		(3,246,923	)		99,629,967
Tax Exempt Municipal Bonds		22,536,806		405,341		(1,631,819	)		21,310,328
Taxable Municipal Bonds		65,249,883		—		(14,480,144	)		50,769,739
MBS		353,223,361		29,861		(33,971,954	)		319,281,268
Total Investments AFS	$	604,157,308	$	1,031,139	$	(55,040,163	)	$	550,148,284

September 30, 2022
Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value
Student Loan Pools $ 64,581,912 $ 33,352 $ 1,393,915 $ 63,221,349
Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Bonds 109,893,553 732,050 3,169,244 107,456,359
Tax Exempt Municipal Bonds 44,440,177 186,711 2,914,934 41,711,954
Taxable Municipal Bonds 65,767,015 — 14,346,937 51,420,078
Mortgage-Backed Securities ("MBS") 361,824,048 63,849 34,147,176 327,740,721
Total Available For Sale $ 646,506,705 $ 1,015,962 $ 55,972,206 $ 591,550,461
December 31, 2021
Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value
Student Loan Pools $ 71,949,517 $ 317,722 $ 255,678 $ 72,011,561
SBA Bonds 139,854,620 1,018,231 1,079,774 139,793,077
Tax Exempt Municipal Bonds 44,757,755 5,226,600 — 49,984,355
Taxable Municipal Bonds 65,834,301 734,237 599,387 65,969,151
MBS 353,517,112 5,294,398 3,720,596 355,090,914
Total Available For Sale $ 675,913,305 $ 12,591,188 $ 5,655,435 $ 682,849,058

Student Loan Pools are typically 97% guaranteed by the United States government while SBA bonds are 100% backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government. The majority of the MBS included in the tables above and below are issued or guaranteed by an agency of the United States government such as Ginnie Mae, or by Government Sponsored Entities ("GSEs"), including Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Ginnie Mae MBS are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government, while those issued by GSEs are not. Also included in MBS in the tables above and below are private label ~~collateralized mortgage obligation ("CMO")~~CMO securities, which are issued by non-governmental real estate mortgage investment conduits and are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government. At September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company held ~~AFS private label CMO MBS with~~ an amortized cost and fair value of ~~$62.3~~$83.1 million and ~~$56.4~~$75.3 million in private label CMO securities, compared to an amortized cost and fair value of ~~$41.8~~$60.1 million and ~~$41.7~~$53.8 million at December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

There was no allowance for credit losses recorded on investments AFS as of September 30, 2023.

The amortized cost and fair value of investments AFS at September 30, ~~2022~~2023, are shown below by contractual maturity. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Since MBS are not due at a single maturity date, they are disclosed separately, rather than allocated over the maturity groupings set forth in the table below.

September 30, 2022
Investment Securities AFS: Amortized Cost Fair Value
One Year or Less $ 539,253 $ 537,497
After One – Five Years 5,898,094 5,834,644
After Five – Ten Years 82,128,559 78,136,356
More Than Ten Years 196,116,751 179,301,243
MBS AFS 361,824,048 327,740,721
Total AFS $ 646,506,705 $ 591,550,461

	*September 30, 2023*
Investments AFS:	*Amortized Cost*		*Fair Value*
One Year or Less	$	13,693	$	13,525
After One – Five Years		6,593,553		6,546,193
After Five – Ten Years		76,090,051		69,654,980
More Than Ten Years		137,437,473		123,089,327
MBS AFS		371,796,460		332,117,548
Total AFS	$	591,931,230	$	531,421,573

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

At September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the amortized cost and fair value of investments AFS pledged as collateral for certain deposit accounts, FHLB advances and other borrowings were ~~$329.8~~$516.2 million and ~~$309.0~~$461.8 million, ~~respectively,~~ compared to an amortized cost and fair value of ~~$335.6~~$318.0 million and ~~$342.6~~$297.0 million ~~respectively,~~ at December 31, ~~2021.~~

2022, respectively.

There were no sales of investments AFS ~~securities~~ during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~ 2023 and ~~2021;~~2022; and therefore, no proceeds from sales, gross gains or gross losses were recorded during those periods.

The following ~~tables show~~table shows the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value of investments AFS for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded aggregated by ~~investment~~ category and length of time that ~~the individual AFS~~ securities ~~were~~have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2023.

	*September 30, 2023*
	*Less than 12 Months*					*12 Months or More*					*Total*
	*Fair*		*Unrealized*			*Fair*		*Unrealized*			*Fair*		*Unrealized*
	*Value*		*Losses*			*Value*		*Losses*			*Value*		*Losses*
Student Loan Pools	$	411,097	$	(964	)	$	45,703,435	$	(747,266	)	$	46,114,532	$	(748,230	)
SBA Bonds		3,492,535		(8,044	)		39,107,655		(3,283,425	)		42,600,190		(3,291,469	)
Tax Exempt Municipal Bonds		3,648,687		(71,499	)		12,414,886		(2,051,760	)		16,063,573		(2,123,259	)
Taxable Municipal Bonds		—		—			49,411,310		(15,278,275	)		49,411,310		(15,278,275	)
MBS		36,969,372		(439,141	)		289,240,242		(39,243,179	)		326,209,614		(39,682,320	)
	$	44,521,691	$	(519,648	)	$	435,877,528	$	(60,603,905	)	$	480,399,219	$	(61,123,553	)

The following table shows the ~~dates indicated.~~

September 30, 2022
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses
Student Loan Pools $ 37,822,551 $ 718,181 $ 23,576,616 $ 675,734 $ 61,399,167 $ 1,393,915
SBA Bonds 13,370,130 906,319 40,092,297 2,262,925 53,462,427 3,169,244
Tax Exempt Municipal Bonds 33,440,787 2,914,934 — — 33,440,787 2,914,934
Taxable Municipal Bonds 40,292,536 10,429,037 11,127,542 3,917,900 51,420,078 14,346,937
MBS 214,230,551 18,654,810 107,126,659 15,492,366 321,357,210 34,147,176
$ 339,156,555 $ 33,623,281 $ 181,923,114 $ 22,348,925 $ 521,079,669 $ 55,972,206

December 31, 2021
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses
Student Loan Pools $ 36,816,929 $ 216,012 $ 8,826,508 $ 39,666 $ 45,643,437 $ 255,678
SBA Bonds 15,916,497 359,541 48,791,470 720,233 64,707,967 1,079,774
Taxable Municipal Bonds 28,032,194 413,490 4,342,641 185,897 32,374,835 599,387
MBS 160,097,766 2,865,948 22,951,882 854,648 183,049,648 3,720,596
$ 240,863,386 $ 3,854,991 $ 84,912,501 $ 1,800,444 $ 325,775,887 $ 5,655,435

~~Securities~~gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value of investments AFS aggregated by category and length of time that securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2022.

	December 31, 2022
	Less than 12 Months					12 Months or More					Total
	Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses			Value		Losses			Value		Losses
Student Loan Pools	$	24,768,260	$	(637,963	)	$	30,684,124	$	(1,071,360	)	$	55,452,384	$	(1,709,323	)
SBA Bonds		8,403,975		(120,766	)		45,969,373		(3,126,157	)		54,373,348		(3,246,923	)
Tax Exempt Municipal Bonds		8,050,944		(718,645	)		4,929,289		(913,174	)		12,980,233		(1,631,819	)
Taxable Municipal Bonds		14,427,796		(3,196,761	)		36,341,943		(11,283,383	)		50,769,739		(14,480,144	)
MBS		146,016,464		(11,132,554	)		170,578,059		(22,839,400	)		316,594,523		(33,971,954	)
	$	201,667,439	$	(15,806,689	)	$	288,502,788	$	(39,233,474	)	$	490,170,227	$	(55,040,163	)

Investments classified as AFS are recorded at fair market value. At September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021, 443~~2022, 442 and ~~199~~416 individual AFS securities were in a loss position, including ~~140~~384 and 83211 securities that were in a loss position for greater than 12 months, respectively. The Company has the ability and intent to hold these securities until such time as the value recovers or the securities mature. The increase in unrealized losses within the AFS portfolio during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 resulted in a $14.9 million increase in net deferred taxes, which is included in "Other Assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2022.

The Company believes, based on industry analyst reports and credit ratings, that the deterioration in value is attributable to changes in market interest rates and is not in the credit quality of the issuer and therefore, ~~these~~unrealized losses ~~are~~ have not ~~considered other-than-temporary.~~ been recognized into income. The Company reviews its investment securities portfolio at least quarterly and more frequently when economic conditions warrant, assessing whether ~~there is any indication of other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”).~~

A further decline in national and local economic conditions, as a result of the effects of inflation, a inflation, a potential recession or slowed economic growth, and any governmental or societal responses to the novel coronavirus of 2019 (“COVID-19”) pandemic, among other factors, may, however, have an ~~adverse impact on~~allowance for credit quality in the future and result in OTTI charges. Factors considered in the review include estimated future cash flows, length of time and extent to which market value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, and our intent and ability to retain the security to allow for an anticipated recovery in market value. If the review determines that there is OTTI, an impairment loss is ~~recognized in earnings equal to the difference between the investment’s cost and its fair value~~deemed necessary.

Accrued interest receivable on investments AFS totaled $2.9 million at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which the assessment is made, or the Company may recognize a portion in other comprehensive income. The fair value of investments on which OTTI is recognized then becomes the new cost basis of the investment. There was no OTTI recognized during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and was excluded from the ~~year ended December 31, 2021.~~

estimate of credit losses.

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 7 - INVESTMENTS, HELD TO MATURITY ("HTM")

The Company’s investments HTM portfolio is recorded at amortized cost. The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses, and fair values of investments HTM at ~~September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021~~the date indicated were as follows:

September 30, 2022 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value
US Treasury Bonds $ 34,422,185 $ — $ 657,961 $ 33,764,224
SBA Bonds 3,653,646 176,069 — 3,829,715
Taxable Municipal Bonds 949,306 — 51,976 897,330
MBS 98,943,710 1,860 5,820,988 93,124,582
Total Held To Maturity $ 137,968,847 $ 177,929 $ 6,530,925 $ 131,615,851
December 31, 2021 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value
MBS $ 23,506,768 $ 577,005 $ 363,365 $ 23,720,408
Total Held To Maturity $ 23,506,768 $ 577,005 $ 363,365 $ 23,720,408

	*September 30, 2023*
	*Amortized*		*Gross Unrealized*		*Gross Unrealized*			*Fair*
	*Cost*		*Gains*		*Losses*			*Value*
US Treasury Bonds	$	34,782,248	$	—	$	(587,405	)	$	34,194,843
FHLB Bond		1,000,000		—		(13,279	)		986,721
Student Loan Pools		17,510,213		272,590		—			17,782,803
SBA Bonds		12,689,280		583,741		—			13,273,021
Taxable Municipal Bonds		959,701		—		(53,531	)		906,170
MBS		107,194,773		—		(7,699,635	)		99,495,138
Total Investments HTM	$	174,136,215	$	856,331	$	(8,353,850	)	$	166,638,696

	December 31, 2022
	Amortized		Gross Unrealized		Gross Unrealized			Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses			Value
US Treasury Bonds	$	34,511,849	$	—	$	(682,198	)	$	33,829,651
FHLB Bond		1,000,000		—		(1,360	)		998,640
Student Loan Pools		16,387,997		88,489		(59,090	)		16,417,396
SBA Bonds		3,521,293		162,235		—			3,683,528
Taxable Municipal Bonds		951,864		—		(60,134	)		891,730
MBS		111,064,613		29,194		(5,451,179	)		105,642,628
Total Investments HTM	$	167,437,616	$	279,918	$	(6,253,961	)	$	161,463,573

At September 30, ~~2022, the amortized cost~~2023 and fair value of investments HTM that were pledged as collateral for certain deposit accounts, FHLB advances and other borrowings were $8.6 million and $8.0 million, respectively, compared to an amortized cost and fair value of $9.0 million and $9.5 million, respectively, at December 31, ~~2021.~~

~~The following tables show gross unrealized losses, fair value,~~2022, 60 and ~~length of time that~~54 individual investments HTM ~~securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at the dates indicated below.~~

September 30, 2022
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses
US Treasury Bonds $ 33,764,224 $ 657,961 $ — $ — $ 33,764,224 $ 657,961
Taxable Municipal Bonds 897,330 51,976 — — 897,330 51,976
MBS 83,477,755 3,668,395 8,330,880 2,152,593 91,808,635 5,820,988
$ 118,139,309 $ 4,378,332 $ 8,330,880 $ 2,152,593 $ 126,470,189 $ 6,530,925

December 31, 2021
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses
MBS $ 9,969,587 $ 206,472 $ 3,442,229 $ 156,893 $ 13,411,816 $ 363,365
$ 9,969,587 $ 206,472 $ 3,442,229 $ 156,893 $ 13,411,816 $ 363,365

~~At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, 50 and six individual HTM securities~~ were in a loss position, including ~~five~~38 and ~~two~~6 securities that were in a loss position for greater than 12 months, respectively. The Company believes, based on industry analyst reports and credit ratings, that the deterioration in value was attributable to changes in market interest rates and was not in the credit quality of the ~~issuer and therefore, the loss was not considered other-than-temporary.~~issuer. The Company has the ability and intent to hold these securities to maturity.

The estimate of expected credit losses on investments HTM is primarily based on the ratings assigned to the securities by debt rating agencies and the average of the annual historical loss rates associated with those ratings. The Company then multiplies those loss rates, as adjusted for any modifications to reflect current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts as considered necessary, by the remaining lives of each individual security to arrive at a lifetime expected loss amount. Additionally, private label CMO securities which are not explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government are evaluated utilizing underlying pool data such as historical loss rates, loan-to-value ratios and credit enhancement data.

As a result of the analysis, there was no allowance for credit losses recorded for investments HTM as of September 30, 2023.

As of September 30, 2023, there were no HTM debt securities that were classified as either nonaccrual or 90 days or more past due and still accruing.

Accrued interest receivable on HTM debt securities totaled $946,000 at September 30, 2023 and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following tables show gross unrealized losses, fair value, and length of time that individual investments HTM have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at the dates indicated.

	*September 30, 2023*
	*Less than 12 Months*					*12 Months or More*					*Total*
	*Fair*		*Unrealized*			*Fair*		*Unrealized*			*Fair*		*Unrealized*
	*Value*		*Losses*			*Value*		*Losses*			*Value*		*Losses*
US Treasury Bonds	$	—	$	—		$	34,194,843	$	(587,405	)	$	34,194,843	$	(587,405	)
FHLB Bond		986,721		(13,279	)		—		—			986,721		(13,279	)
Taxable Municipal Bonds		—		—			906,170		(53,531	)		906,170		(53,531	)
MBS		52,315,812		(1,243,762	)		47,179,326		(6,455,873	)		99,495,138		(7,699,635	)
	$	53,302,533	$	(1,257,041	)	$	82,280,339	$	(7,096,809	)	$	135,582,872	$	(8,353,850	)

	December 31, 2022
	Less than 12 Months					12 Months or More					Total
	Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses			Value		Losses			Value		Losses
US Treasury Bonds	$	33,829,651	$	(682,198	)	$	—	$	—		$	33,829,651	$	(682,198	)
FHLB Bond		998,640		(1,360	)		—		—			998,640		(1,360	)
Student Loan Pools		6,520,050		(59,090	)		—		—			6,520,050		(59,090	)
Taxable Municipal Bonds		891,730		(60,134	)		—		—			891,730		(60,134	)
MBS		88,351,096		(3,145,166	)		9,334,438		(2,306,013	)		97,685,534		(5,451,179	)
	$	130,591,167	$	(3,947,948	)	$	9,334,438	$	(2,306,013	)	$	139,925,605	$	(6,253,961	)

At September 30, 2023, the amortized cost and fair value of investments HTM that were pledged as collateral for certain deposit accounts, FHLB advances and other borrowings were $96.2 million and $90.1 million, compared to an amortized cost and fair value of $25.3 million and $24.5 million at December 31, 2022 respectively.

Table of Contents

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 8 - LOANS RECEIVABLE, NET

Loans receivable, net, consisted of the following as of the dates indicated below:

September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Real Estate Loans:
Construction $ 104,250,955 $ 100,162,260
Residential Mortgage 97,404,583 84,965,542
Commercial 246,797,162 227,751,664
Commercial and Agricultural Loans 31,501,202 44,689,391
Consumer Loans:
Home Equity Lines of Credit (HELOC) 29,954,251 28,611,516
Other Consumer 23,095,584 21,449,809
Total Loans Held For Investment, Gross 533,003,737 507,630,182
Less:
Allowance For Loan Losses 11,298,845 11,087,164
Deferred Loan Fees 751,630 1,084,623
12,050,475 12,171,787
Total Loans Receivable, Net $ 520,953,262 $ 495,458,395

During the first nine months of 2022, the Company continued its participation in the U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), by processing applications for PPP loan forgiveness. PPP loans are included in Commercial and Agricultural loans in the tables above and below and had a total balance of $55,000 at September 30, 2022 compared to $9.8 million at December 31, 2021. The balance of unamortized net deferred fees on PPP loans was $8,000 at September 30, 2022 compared to $441,000 at December 31, 2021.

	*September 30, 2023*		December 31, 2022
Real Estate Loans:
Construction	$	101,493,816	$	112,793,694
Residential Mortgage		159,980,843		110,056,973
Commercial		256,175,825		252,154,475
Commercial and Agricultural Loans		34,404,989		30,647,975
Consumer Loans:
Home Equity Lines of Credit (HELOC)		33,318,762		31,736,676
Other Consumer		24,409,030		23,598,110
Total Loans Held for Investment, Gross		609,783,265		560,987,903
Less:
Allowance for Credit Losses		12,348,125		11,177,753
Deferred Loan Fees		459,424		806,238
		12,807,549		11,983,991
Total Loans Receivable, Net	$	596,975,716	$	549,003,912

The Company uses a risk based approach based on the following credit quality measures when analyzing the loan portfolio: pass, caution, special mention, and substandard. These indicators are used to rate the credit quality of loans for the purposes of determining the Company’s allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses. Pass loans are loans that are performing and are deemed adequately protected by the net worth of the borrower or the underlying collateral value. These loans are considered to have the least amount of risk in terms of determining the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses. Loans that are graded as substandard are considered to have the most risk. These loans typically have an identified weakness or weaknesses and are inadequately protected by the net worth of the borrower or collateral value. All loans 90 days or more past due are automatically classified in this category. The caution and special mention categories fall in between the pass and substandard grades and consist of loans that do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification but possess weaknesses.

Table of Contents

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The ~~tables~~following table presents the Company's recorded investment in loans by credit quality indicators by year of origination as of September 30, 2023.

	*Term Loans by Year of Origination*
	*2023*		*2022*		*2021*		*2020*		*2019*		*Prior*		*Revolving*		*Total*
Real Estate - Construction
Pass	$	19,418,021	$	26,601,678	$	16,516,378	$	4,725,200	$	648,158	$	1,465,033	$	5,027,869	$	74,402,337
Caution		2,968,429		14,796,433		2,083,717		3,193,709		418,495		416,565		—		23,877,348
Special Mention		—		29,265		—		—		921,594		458,064		—		1,408,923
Substandard		—		—		333,376		136,960		1,237,579		97,293		—		1,805,208
Total		22,386,450		41,427,376		18,933,471		8,055,869		3,225,826		2,436,955		5,027,869		101,493,816
Current period gross write-offs		—		—		1,270		—		—		—		—		1,270
Real Estate - Mortgage
Pass		23,244,544		32,870,741		10,942,223		14,632,321		4,096,019		23,193,947		9,576,457		118,556,252
Caution		10,537,035		11,122,672		5,868,656		1,699,406		1,617,666		4,237,468		—		35,082,903
Special Mention		1,878,200		158,315		434,467		399,325		—		245,555		—		3,115,862
Substandard		74,550		—		621,239		—		48,601		2,481,436		—		3,225,826
Total		35,734,329		44,151,728		17,866,585		16,731,052		5,762,286		30,158,406		9,576,457		159,980,843
Current period gross write-offs		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Real Estate - Commercial
Pass		11,017,973		48,666,315		48,839,955		12,796,698		24,093,992		54,378,489		2,687,505		202,480,927
Caution		9,786,032		4,949,460		4,272,692		6,488,251		7,234,125		8,389,414		—		41,119,974
Special Mention		212,500		879,781		455,971		414,263		—		5,784,828		99,811		7,847,154
Substandard		—		68,176		58,602		—		—		4,600,992		—		4,727,770
Total		21,016,505		54,563,732		53,627,220		19,699,212		31,328,117		73,153,723		2,787,316		256,175,825
Current period gross write-offs		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial and Agricultural
Pass		3,819,756		6,182,554		8,078,460		692,988		379,558		2,558,790		4,153,369		25,865,475
Caution		3,416,339		1,529,379		1,732,343		82,772		18,316		217,590		639,351		7,636,090
Special Mention		459,064		40,621		116,875		15,852		11,089		95,193		—		738,694
Substandard		—		—		—		1,975		—		65,179		97,576		164,730
Total		7,695,159		7,752,554		9,927,678		793,587		408,963		2,936,752		4,890,296		34,404,989
Current period gross write-offs		—		—		15,880		—		—		—		—		15,880
Home Equity Lines of Credit
Pass		—		—		—		—		—		—		27,331,177		27,331,177
Caution		—		—		—		—		—		—		4,964,475		4,964,475
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		401,065		401,065
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		622,045		622,045
Total		—		—		—		—		—		—		33,318,762		33,318,762
Current period gross write-offs		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,488		1,488
Other Consumer
Pass		5,493,794		4,261,711		1,849,151		859,558		238,942		211,390		4,683,874		17,598,420
Caution		2,059,332		2,262,793		1,024,964		547,223		181,936		60,196		282,634		6,419,078
Special Mention		39,199		129,630		—		—		—		—		6,285		175,114
Substandard		—		60,550		79,324		43,459		16,985		9,885		6,215		216,418
Total		7,592,325		6,714,684		2,953,439		1,450,240		437,863		281,471		4,979,008		24,409,030
Current period gross write-offs		—		20,456		13,970		17,036		—		—		72,971		124,433
Total Loans	$	94,424,768	$	154,610,074	$	103,308,393	$	46,729,960	$	41,163,055	$	108,967,307	$	60,579,708	$	609,783,265

Table of Contents

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The table below ~~summarize~~summarizes the balance within each risk category by loan type, excluding loans held for sale, at ~~September 30, 2022 and~~ December 31, ~~2021.~~

September 30, 2022
Pass
Caution Special Mention
Substandard
Total Loans
Construction Real Estate $ 85,290,332 $ 17,068,984 $ 1,541,750 $ 349,889 $ 104,250,955
Residential Real Estate 76,008,204 18,055,116 735,332 2,605,931 97,404,583
Commercial Real Estate 193,971,553 46,929,938 3,606,034 2,289,637 246,797,162
Commercial and Agricultural 26,859,082 4,094,485 331,731 215,904 31,501,202
Consumer HELOC 23,960,565 4,997,785 402,060 593,841 29,954,251
Other Consumer 16,163,946 6,649,604 171,910 110,124 23,095,584
Total $ 422,253,682 $ 97,795,912 $ 6,788,817 $ 6,165,326 $ 533,003,737

~~SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES~~
~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements~~

December 31, 2021

Pass

Caution
Special Mention

Substandard

Total Loans
Construction Real Estate $ 67,205,984 $ 25,867,339 $ 6,566,302 $ 522,635 $ 100,162,260
Residential Real Estate 65,650,970 14,506,787 2,061,598 2,746,187 84,965,542
Commercial Real Estate 185,117,439 34,263,196 5,669,666 2,701,363 227,751,664
Commercial and Agricultural 40,017,641 4,296,962 54,380 320,408 44,689,391
Consumer HELOC 23,416,585 3,987,734 624,055 583,142 28,611,516
Other Consumer 15,059,609 6,244,382 85,673 60,145 21,449,809
Total $ 396,468,228 $ 89,166,400 $ 15,061,674 $ 6,933,880 $ 507,630,182

2022.

December 31, 2022	Pass		Caution		Special Mention		Substandard		Total Loans
Construction Real Estate	$	91,564,058	$	18,837,894	$	2,013,824	$	377,918	$	112,793,694
Residential Real Estate		84,028,037		22,372,649		887,874		2,768,413		110,056,973
Commercial Real Estate		196,063,300		47,821,422		3,270,916		4,998,837		252,154,475
Commercial and Agricultural		25,383,994		4,593,283		371,071		299,627		30,647,975
Consumer HELOC		25,693,252		5,018,419		401,550		623,455		31,736,676
Other Consumer		16,515,206		6,725,317		178,638		178,949		23,598,110
Total	$	439,247,847	$	105,368,984	$	7,123,873	$	9,247,199	$	560,987,903

Past Due and ~~Non-accrual~~Nonaccrual Loans

The tables below present an age analysis of past due balances by loan category at the dates indicated.

	*September 30, 2023*
	*30-59 Days*		*60-89 Days*		*90 Days or*		*Total Past*				*Total Loans*
	*Past Due*		*Past Due*		*More Past Due*		*Due*		*Current*		*Receivable*
Construction Real Estate	$	124,822	$	—	$	—	$	124,822	$	101,368,994	$	101,493,816
Residential Real Estate		855,243		49,507		266,093		1,170,843		158,810,000		159,980,843
Commercial Real Estate		1,507,997		145,677		340,906		1,994,580		254,181,245		256,175,825
Commercial and Agricultural		7,141		1,975		24,639		33,755		34,371,234		34,404,989
Consumer HELOC		181,306		51,663		20,687		253,656		33,065,106		33,318,762
Other Consumer		342,780		49,189		87,542		479,511		23,929,519		24,409,030
Total	$	3,019,289	$	298,011	$	739,867	$	4,057,167	$	605,726,098	$	609,783,265

	December 31, 2022
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		90 Days or		Total Past				Total Loans
	Past Due		Past Due		More Past Due		Due		Current		Receivable
Construction Real Estate	$	—	$	—	$	100,472	$	100,472	$	112,693,222	$	112,793,694
Residential Real Estate		1,557,114		—		471,430		2,028,544		108,028,429		110,056,973
Commercial Real Estate		2,670,997		89,342		354,406		3,114,745		249,039,730		252,154,475
Commercial and Agricultural		5,683		2,113		55,468		63,264		30,584,711		30,647,975
Consumer HELOC		199,414		—		74,159		273,573		31,463,103		31,736,676
Other Consumer		271,774		78,566		17,321		367,661		23,230,449		23,598,110
Total	$	4,704,982	$	170,021	$	1,073,256	$	5,948,259	$	555,039,644	$	560,987,903

At September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~

September 30, 2022

30-59 Days
Past Due

60-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or
More Past Due

Total Past
Due

Current

Total Loans
Receivable
Construction Real Estate $ 108,112 $ 547,795 $ 100,472 $ 756,379 $ 103,494,576 $ 104,250,955
Residential Real Estate 128,333 319,082 449,007 896,422 96,508,161 97,404,583
Commercial Real Estate 713,162 64,531 358,906 1,136,599 245,660,563 246,797,162
Commercial and Agricultural 131,687 33,835 16,775 182,297 31,318,905 31,501,202
Consumer HELOC 350,385 17,439 19,420 387,244 29,567,007 29,954,251
Other Consumer 215,030 50,427 17,456 282,913 22,812,671 23,095,584
Total $ 1,646,709 $ 1,033,109 $ 962,036 $ 3,641,854 $ 529,361,883 $ 533,003,737

December 31, 2021

30-59 Days
Past Due

60-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or More Past Due

Total Past
Due

Current

Total Loans
Receivable
Construction Real Estate $ 4,291 $ 114,516 $ — $ 118,807 $ 100,043,453 $ 100,162,260
Residential Real Estate 296,556 543,716 205,713 1,045,985 83,919,557 84,965,542
Commercial Real Estate 195,271 — 372,405 567,676 227,183,988 227,751,664
Commercial and Agricultural 79,381 133,610 — 212,991 44,476,400 44,689,391
Consumer HELOC 51,430 — 44,382 95,812 28,515,704 28,611,516
Other Consumer 93,560 3,648 8,797 106,005 21,343,804 21,449,809
Total $ 720,489 $ 795,490 $ 631,297 $ 2,147,276 $ 505,482,906 $ 507,630,182

~~At September 30,~~ 2022 ~~and December 31, 2021,~~, the Company did not have any loans that were 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest. The Company's strategy is to work with its borrowers to reach acceptable payment plans while protecting its interests in the existing collateral. In the event an acceptable arrangement cannot be reached, the Company may have to acquire these properties through foreclosure or other means and subsequently sell, develop, or liquidate them.

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table shows ~~non-accrual~~nonaccrual loans by category at the dates indicated.

	*CECL*						*Incurred Loss*
	*September 30, 2023*						*December 31, 2022*
	*Nonaccrual Loans*		*Nonaccrual Loans*		*Total*
	*with No Allowance*		*with an Allowance*		*Nonaccrual Loans*		*Nonaccrual Loans*
Construction Real Estate	$	234,252	$	—	$	234,252	$	114,630
Residential Real Estate		1,296,522		—		1,296,522		1,544,762
Commercial Real Estate		4,238,537		—		4,238,537		4,281,975
Commercial and Agricultural		52,886		—		52,886		112,652
Consumer HELOC		420,484		—		420,484		188,540
Other Consumer		96,091		—		96,091		28,671
Total Nonaccrual Loans	$	6,338,772	$	—	$	6,338,772	$	6,271,230

The Company did not recognize any interest income on nonaccrual loans during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 compared to December 31, 2021:~~

Non-accrual Loans: September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Construction Real Estate $ 115,874 $ 21,434
Residential Real Estate 1,529,370 1,389,498
Commercial Real Estate 741,081 1,057,496
Commercial and Agricultural 75,740 64,479
Consumer HELOC 112,784 141,683
Other Consumer 24,049 8,797
Total Non-accrual Loans $ 2,598,898 $ 2,683,387

2023.

The following table represents the accrued interest receivables written off by reversing interest income during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	*For the Three Months Ended*
	*September 30, 2023*
Construction Real Estate	$	—
Residential Real Estate		—
Commercial Real Estate		—
Commercial and Agricultural		—
Consumer HELOC		—
Other Consumer		696
Total Loans	$	696

	*For the Nine Months Ended*
	*September 30, 2023*
Construction Real Estate	$	2,882
Residential Real Estate		6,814
Commercial Real Estate		1,461
Commercial and Agricultural		1,103
Consumer HELOC		66
Other Consumer		1,607
Total Loans	$	13,933

Allowance for ~~Loan~~Credit Losses

The following ~~tables show~~table shows the activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans by category for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 under the CECL methodology:

	*Three Months Ended September 30, 2023*
	*Real Estate*											*Consumer*
									*Commercial and*
	*Construction*			*Residential*		*Commercial*			*Agricultural*			*HELOC*		*Other*			*Total*
Beginning Balance	$	2,200,850		$	3,260,891	$	4,427,006		$	1,102,070		$	654,278	$	638,230		$	12,283,325
(Reversal of) Provision for Credit Losses		(55,278	)		236,084		(117,370	)		(75,644	)		690		61,518			50,000
Charge-Offs		—			—		—			—			—		(53,513	)		(53,513	)
Recoveries		3,911			31,317		5,016			6,866			11,360		9,843			68,313
Ending Balance	$	2,149,483		$	3,528,292	$	4,314,652		$	1,033,292		$	666,328	$	656,078		$	12,348,125

	*Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023*
	*Real Estate*											*Consumer*
									*Commercial and*
	*Construction*			*Residential*		*Commercial*			*Agricultural*			*HELOC*			*Other*			*Total*
Beginning Balance	$	2,323,397		$	2,124,835	$	4,804,282		$	874,092		$	598,807		$	452,340		$	11,177,753
Adjustment to Allowance for Credit Loss on adoption of ASU 2016-13		263,737			461,879		(340,492	)		112,452			107,548			179,070			784,194
(Reversal of) Provision for Credit Losses		(449,432	)		896,261		(164,187	)		44,001			(76,130	)		125,487			376,000
Charge-Offs		(1,270	)		-		-			(15,880	)		(1,488	)		(124,433	)		(143,071	)
Recoveries		13,051			45,317		15,049			18,627			37,591			23,614			153,249
Ending Balance	$	2,149,483		$	3,528,292	$	4,314,652		$	1,033,292		$	666,328		$	656,078		$	12,348,125

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company has certain loans for which repayment is dependent upon the operation or sale of collateral, as the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The underlying collateral can vary based upon the type of loan. The following provides more detail about the types of collateral that secure collateral dependent loans:

•

Commercial real estate loans can be secured by either owner occupied commercial real estate or non-owner occupied investment commercial real estate. Typically, owner occupied commercial real estate loans are secured by office buildings, warehouses, manufacturing facilities and other commercial and industrial properties occupied by operating companies. Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans are generally secured by office buildings and complexes, retail facilities, multifamily complexes, land under development, industrial properties, as well as other commercial or industrial real estate.

	•	Construction real estate loans are typically secured by commercial and residential lots.
	•	Commercial and agricultural business loans are primarily secured by business equipment, furniture and fixtures, inventory and receivables.
	•	Residential real estate loans are typically secured by first mortgages, and in some cases could be secured by a second mortgage.

•

Home equity lines of credit are generally secured by second mortgages on residential real estate property.

•

Consumer loans are generally secured by automobiles, motorcycles, recreational vehicles and other personal property. Some consumer loans are unsecured and have no underlying collateral.

The following table summarizes the amortized cost of collateral dependent loans:

	*September 30, 2023*
Construction Real Estate	$	97,292
Residential Real Estate		1,020,423
Commercial Real Estate		4,008,101
Commercial and Agricultural		28,246
Consumer HELOC		338,160
Total Loans	$	5,492,222

Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2023, the Company calculated the allowance for loan losses under the Incurred Loss methodology. The following table shows the activity in the allowance for loan losses by category for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 ~~and 2021:~~

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Real Estate Consumer
Construction Residential Commercial Commercial and Agricultural HELOC Other

Total
Beginning Balance $ 2,104,386 $ 1,870,696 $ 4,736,314 $ 1,403,818 $ 606,847 $ 475,893 $ 11,197,954
(Reversal of) Provision for Loan Losses 99,612 (17,503) 44,664 (117,519) (37,681) 28,427 —
Charge-Offs — — — — — (54,192) (54,192)
Recoveries 15,460 9,678 77,479 1,281 38,190 12,995 155,083
Ending Balance $ 2,219,458 $ 1,862,871 $ 4,858,457 $ 1,287,580 $ 607,356 $ 463,123 $ 11,298,845
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Real Estate Consumer
Construction Residential Commercial Commercial and Agricultural HELOC Other Total
Beginning Balance $ 2,129,101 $ 1,768,461 $ 4,956,531 $ 1,528,501 $ 566,579 $ 474,587 $ 11,423,760
(Reversal of) Provision for Loan Losses 33,090 (21,578) (196,852) (403,030) (58,843) (17,787) (665,000)
Charge-Offs (21,460) — — (800) — (23,702) (45,962)
Recoveries 192,459 15,749 240,585 323 10,323 — 459,439
Ending Balance $ 2,333,190 $ 1,762,632 $ 5,000,264 $ 1,124,994 $ 518,059 $ 433,098 $ 11,172,237

	*Three Months Ended September 30, 2022*
	*Real Estate*										*Consumer*
								*Commercial and*
	*Construction*		*Residential*			*Commercial*		*Agricultural*			*HELOC*			*Other*			*Total*
Beginning Balance	$	2,104,386	$	1,870,696		$	4,736,314	$	1,403,818		$	606,847		$	475,893		$	11,197,954
(Reversal of) Provision for Loan Losses		99,612		(17,503	)		44,664		(117,519	)		(37,681	)		28,427			—
Charge-Offs		—		—			—		—			—			(54,192	)		(54,192	)
Recoveries		15,460		9,678			77,479		1,281			38,190			12,995			155,083
Ending Balance	$	2,219,458	$	1,862,871		$	4,858,457	$	1,287,580		$	607,356		$	463,123		$	11,298,845

	*Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022*
	*Real Estate*										*Consumer*
									*Commercial and*
	*Construction*			*Residential*		*Commercial*			*Agricultural*		*HELOC*		*Other*			*Total*
Beginning Balance	$	2,401,196		$	1,663,423	$	4,832,440		$	1,241,828	$	517,512	$	430,765		$	11,087,164
(Reversal of) Provision for Loan Losses		(212,761	)		161,839		(100,941	)		19,643		44,068		88,152			—
Charge-Offs		—			—		—			—		—		(97,884	)		(97,884	)
Recoveries		31,023			37,609		126,958			26,109		45,776		42,090			309,565
Ending Balance	$	2,219,458		$	1,862,871	$	4,858,457		$	1,287,580	$	607,356	$	463,123		$	11,298,845

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Real Estate Consumer
Construction Residential Commercial Commercial and Agricultural HELOC Other

Total
Beginning Balance $ 2,401,196 $ 1,663,423 $ 4,832,440 $ 1,241,828 $ 517,512 $ 430,765 $ 11,087,164
(Reversal of) Provision for Loan Losses (212,761) 161,839 (100,941) 19,643 44,068 88,152 —
Charge-Offs — — — — — (97,884) (97,884)
Recoveries 31,023 37,609 126,958 26,109 45,776 42,090 309,565
Ending Balance $ 2,219,458 $ 1,862,871 $ 4,858,457 $ 1,287,580 $ 607,356 $ 463,123 $ 11,298,845
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Real Estate Consumer
Construction Residential Commercial Commercial and Agricultural HELOC Other Total
Beginning Balance $ 2,486,910 $ 2,264,414 $ 5,753,641 $ 1,112,952 $ 657,356 $ 567,623 $ 12,842,896
(Reversal of) Provision for Loan Losses (324,719) (541,877) (1,149,539) 17,562 (149,620) (121,807) (2,270,000)
Charge-Offs (21,460) — — (7,499) — (81,394) (110,353)
Recoveries 192,459 40,095 396,162 1,979 10,323 68,676 709,694
Ending Balance $ 2,333,190 $ 1,762,632 $ 5,000,264 $ 1,124,994 $ 518,059 $ 433,098 $ 11,172,237

~~SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes~~

Prior to ~~Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~Allowance for Loan Losses~~the adoption of ASU 2016-13, loans were considered impaired when, based on current information and ~~Loans Receivable Evaluated for Impairment~~

events, it was probable the Company would be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreements. Impaired loans include loans on nonaccrual status and accruing troubled debt restructurings. When determining if the Company would be unable to collect all principal and interest payments due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement, the Company considered the borrower’s capacity to pay, which included such factors as the borrower’s current financial statements, an analysis of global cash flow sufficient to pay all debt obligations and an evaluation of secondary sources of repayment, such as guarantor support and collateral value. Non-accrual commercial loans under $200,000 and non-accrual consumer loans under $100,000 were considered immaterial and are excluded from the impairment review. The tables below ~~summarize~~include all loans deemed impaired, whether individually assessed for impairment or not. If a loan was deemed impaired, a specific valuation allowance was allocated, if necessary, so that the loan was reported net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment was expected solely from the collateral.

Interest payments on impaired loans were typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount was reasonably assured, in which case interest was recognized on a cash basis.

The table below summarizes the impaired loan balances evaluated individually and collectively for impairment within the allowance for loan losses and loans receivable balances at ~~September 30, 2022 and~~ December 31, ~~2021.~~

Allowance For Loan Losses Loans Receivable
September 30, 2022 Individually Evaluated For Impairment Collectively Evaluated For Impairment

Total
Individually Evaluated For Impairment Collectively Evaluated For Impairment Total
Construction Real Estate $ — $ 2,219,458 $ 2,219,458 $ 115,874 $ 104,135,081 $ 104,250,955
Residential Real Estate — 1,862,871 1,862,871 1,112,281 96,292,302 97,404,583
Commercial Real Estate — 4,858,457 4,858,457 737,672 246,059,490 246,797,162
Commercial and Agricultural — 1,287,580 1,287,580 31,446 31,469,756 31,501,202
Consumer HELOC — 607,356 607,356 49,905 29,904,346 29,954,251
Other Consumer — 463,123 463,123 — 23,095,584 23,095,584
Total $ — $ 11,298,845 $ 11,298,845 $ 2,047,178 $ 530,956,559 $ 533,003,737
Allowance For Loan Losses Loans Receivable
December 31, 2021 Individually Evaluated For Impairment Collectively Evaluated For Impairment Total Individually Evaluated For Impairment Collectively Evaluated For Impairment Total
Construction Real Estate $ — $ 2,401,196 $ 2,401,196 $ 19,133 $ 100,143,127 $ 100,162,260
Residential Real Estate — 1,663,423 1,663,423 1,128,452 83,837,090 84,965,542
Commercial Real Estate — 4,832,440 4,832,440 1,046,974 226,704,690 227,751,664
Commercial and Agricultural — 1,241,828 1,241,828 31,446 44,657,945 44,689,391
Consumer HELOC — 517,512 517,512 97,302 28,514,214 28,611,516
Other Consumer — 430,765 430,765 — 21,449,809 21,449,809
Total $ — $ 11,087,164 $ 11,087,164 $ 2,323,307 $ 505,306,875 $ 507,630,182

Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement are considered impaired. Non-accrual commercial loans under $200,000 and non-accrual consumer loans under $100,000 are considered immaterial and are excluded from the impairment review. Once a loan is identified as individually impaired, management measures the impairment and records the loan at fair value. Fair value is estimated using one of the following methods: fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell, discounted cash flows, or market value of the loan based on similar debt. The fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell is the most frequently used method.

2022:

	Allowance For Loan Losses						Loans Receivable
December 31, 2022	Individually Evaluated For Impairment		Collectively Evaluated For Impairment		Total		Individually Evaluated For Impairment		Collectively Evaluated For Impairment		Total
Construction Real Estate	$	—	$	2,323,397	$	2,323,397	$	114,630	$	112,679,064	$	112,793,694
Residential Real Estate		—		2,124,835		2,124,835		1,089,308		108,967,665		110,056,973
Commercial Real Estate		—		4,804,282		4,804,282		4,281,702		247,872,773		252,154,475
Commercial and Agricultural		—		874,092		874,092		31,446		30,616,529		30,647,975
Consumer HELOC		—		598,807		598,807		48,792		31,687,884		31,736,676
Other Consumer		—		452,340		452,340		—		23,598,110		23,598,110
Total	$	—	$	11,177,753	$	11,177,753	$	5,565,878	$	555,422,025	$	560,987,903

The following tables present information related to impaired loans by loan category at ~~September 30, 2022 and~~ December 31, ~~2021~~2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 ~~and 2021.~~ under the Incurred Loss methodology.

September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Impaired Loans Recorded
Investment Unpaid
Principal
Balance Related
Allowance Recorded
Investment Unpaid
Principal
Balance
Related
Allowance
Construction Real Estate $ 115,874 $ 115,874 $ — $ 19,133 $ 19,133 $ —
Residential Real Estate 1,112,281 1,649,281 — 1,128,452 1,646,952 —
Commercial Real Estate 737,672 737,672 — 1,046,974 1,046,974 —
Commercial and Agricultural 31,446 926,446 — 31,446 926,446 —
Consumer HELOC 49,905 49,905 — 97,302 97,302 —
Other Consumer — — — — — —
Total $ 2,047,178 $ 3,479,178 $ — $ 2,323,307 $ 3,736,807 $ —

	December 31, 2022
	Recorded		Unpaid Principal		Related
Impaired Loans	Investment		Balance		Allowance
Construction Real Estate	$	114,630	$	114,630	$	—
Residential Real Estate		1,089,308		1,626,308		—
Commercial Real Estate		4,281,702		4,281,702		—
Commercial and Agricultural		31,446		926,446		—
Consumer HELOC		48,792		48,792		—
Other Consumer		—		—		—
Total	$	5,565,878	$	6,997,878	$	—

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2022
	Average Recorded		Interest Income
Impaired Loans	Investment		Recognized
Construction Real Estate	$	116,495	$	—
Residential Real Estate		1,121,686		—
Commercial Real Estate		743,998		—
Commercial and Agricultural		31,446		—
Consumer HELOC		50,725		—
Other Consumer		—		—
Total	$	2,064,350	$	—

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022
	Average Recorded		Interest Income
Impaired Loans	Investment		Recognized
Construction Real Estate	$	117,881	$	—
Residential Real Estate		1,144,363		—
Commercial Real Estate		756,394		—
Commercial and Agricultural		31,446		—
Consumer HELOC		52,643		—
Other Consumer		—		—
Total	$	2,102,727	$	—

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Three Months Ended September 30,
2022 2021
Impaired Loans Average Recorded Investment Interest Income
Recognized Average Recorded
Investment Interest Income
Recognized
Construction Real Estate $ 116,495 $ — $ 27,396 $ —
Residential Real Estate 1,121,686 — 1,224,991 496
Commercial Real Estate 743,998 — 1,068,681 6,887
Commercial and Agricultural 31,446 — 46,246 —
Consumer HELOC 50,725 — 152,775 —
Total $ 2,064,350 $ — $ 2,520,089 $ 7,383

Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022 2021
Impaired Loans Average Recorded
Investment Interest Income
Recognized Average Recorded
Investment Interest Income
Recognized
Construction Real Estate $ 117,881 $ — $ 33,530 $ —
Residential Real Estate 1,144,363 — 1,317,557 3,149
Commercial Real Estate 756,394 — 1,086,104 11,914
Commercial and Agricultural 31,446 — 50,326 —
Consumer HELOC 52,643 — 156,049 —
Total $ 2,102,727 $ — $ 2,643,566 $ 15,063

~~Troubled Debt Restructurings~~

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

The allowance for credit losses incorporates an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses and ~~Loan Modifications~~

Inis recorded on each asset upon asset origination or acquisition. The starting point for the ~~course~~estimate of ~~resolving delinquent loans,~~ the ~~Company may choose~~allowance for credit losses is historical loss information, which includes losses from modifications of receivables to ~~restructure the contractual terms~~borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. An assessment of ~~certain loans. A troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") is a restructuring in which the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to~~whether a borrower ~~that it would not otherwise consider (FASB ASC Topic 310-40). The concessions granted~~is experiencing financial difficulty is made on TDRs generally include terms to reduce the interest rate, extend the term of the debt obligation, or modify the payment structure on the debt obligation. The Company grants such concessions to reassess the borrower’s financial status and develop a plan for repayment. At the date of ~~modification, TDRs are initially classified as nonaccrual TDRs. They are returned~~a modification.

Because the effect of most modifications made to ~~accruing status when there~~borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is ~~economic substance~~already included in the allowance for credit losses because of the measurement methodologies used to estimate the allowance, a change to the ~~restructuring, there~~allowance for credit losses is ~~documented credit evaluation~~generally not recorded upon modification. Occasionally, the Company modifies loans by providing principal forgiveness on certain of its real estate loans. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amortized cost basis of the ~~borrower's~~asset is written off against the allowance for credit losses. The amount of the principal forgiveness is deemed to be uncollectible; therefore, that portion of the loan is written off, resulting in a reduction of the amortized cost basis and a corresponding adjustment to the allowance for credit losses.

In some cases, the Company will modify a certain loan by providing multiple types of concessions. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial ~~condition,~~difficulty, another concession, such as principal forgiveness, may be granted. As such multiple types of modifications may have been made on the ~~remaining balance~~same loan within the current reporting period each much be reported. The combination is ~~reasonably assured~~at least two of ~~repayment in accordance with its~~the following: a term extension, principal forgiveness, and interest rate reduction.

Upon the Company's determination that a modified ~~terms,~~loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is written off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the ~~borrower has demonstrated sustained repayment performance in accordance with~~allowance for credit losses is adjusted by the same amount.

The Company had twomodified ~~terms for a reasonable period of time (generally a minimum of six months).~~

~~The Company had three TDRs~~loans with a combined balance of ~~$394,000 included in impaired loans~~$354,000 at September 30, ~~2022~~2023, compared to ~~three TDRs~~two modified loans with a combined balance of ~~$694,000~~$385,000 at December 31, ~~2021. There~~2022. The Company did not modify any loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 or 2022.

As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, there were no loans ~~restructured as TDRs during~~modified with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for which there was a payment default within 12 months of the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2022 or the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and no TDRs were in default at those dates.~~restructuring date. The Company considers any loan 30 days or more past due to be in default. ~~At September 30, 2022~~

Allowance for Credit Losses - Unfunded Commitments

The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses - unfunded commitments for credit exposures such as unfunded balances for existing lines of credit and ~~December 31, 2021, the Company had no~~ commitments to extend ~~additional~~future credit, as well as both standby and commercial letters of credit when there is a contractual obligation to ~~borrowers whose loan terms have been modified~~extend credit and when this extension of credit is not unconditionally cancellable (i.e., commitment cannot be canceled at any time). The allowance for credit losses - unfunded commitments is adjusted through the provision for (reversal of) credit losses. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur, which is based on a historical funding study derived from internal information, and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life, which are the same loss rates that are used in ~~a TDR. All TDRs are also classified as impaired~~computing the allowance for credit losses on loans, and are ~~included~~discussed in this Note 8. The allowance for credit losses - unfunded commitments of $1.1 million and $0 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, is separately classified on the balance sheet within "Other Liabilities."

The following tables present the balance and activity in the ~~loans individually evaluated~~allowance for ~~impairment.~~

~~Our policy with respect to accrual of interest on loans restructured as a TDR follows relevant supervisory guidance. That is, if a borrower has demonstrated performance under~~credit losses - unfunded loan commitments for the ~~previous loan terms~~three and shows capacity to perform under the restructured loan terms, continued accrual of interest at the restructured interest rate is probable. If a borrower was materially delinquent on payments prior to the restructuring but shows capacity to meet the restructured loan terms, the loan will likely continue as nonaccrual going forward. Lastly, if the borrower does not perform under the restructured terms, the loan is placed on nonaccrual status.

The Company will continue to closely monitor these loans and will cease accruing interest on them if management believes that the borrowers may not continue performing based on the restructured note terms. If, after previously being classified as a TDR, a loan is restructured a second time, then that loan is automatically placed on nonaccrual status. The Bank's policy with respect

nine months ended September 30, 2023.

	*Three Months Ended September 30, 2023*
	*Allowance for Credit Losses - Unfunded Commitments*
Beginning Balance	$	1,108,614
Reversal of provision for unfunded commitments		(50,000	)
Ending Balance	$	1,058,614

	*Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023*
	*Allowance for Credit Losses - Unfunded Commitments*
Beginning Balance	$	—
Adjustment to allowance for unfunded commitments for adoption of ASU 2016-13		1,213,614
Reversal of provision for unfunded commitments		(155,000	)
Ending Balance	$	1,058,614

1822

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

to nonperforming loans requires the borrower to become current and then make a minimum of six consecutive payments in accordance with the loan terms before that loan can be placed back on accrual status. Further, the borrower must show capacity to continue performing into the future prior to restoration of accrual status.

NOTE 9 - DEPOSITS

Deposits outstanding ~~as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021~~at the dates indicated are summarized below by account ~~type.~~

Deposit Account Type September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Checking $ 500,639,875 $ 495,467,035
Money Market 373,055,947 366,065,262
Savings 108,996,328 97,068,740
Certificates of Deposit 136,124,595 157,361,926
Total $ 1,118,816,745 $ 1,115,962,963

type as follows:

Deposit Account Type	*September 30, 2023*		December 31, 2022
Checking	$	468,068,521	$	510,983,509
Money Market		393,462,981		348,833,623
Savings		92,286,585		108,237,098
Certificates of Deposit		232,234,937		142,031,066
Total	$	1,186,053,024	$	1,110,085,296

The Company had $5.0 million in ~~other~~ brokered deposits, which are included in checking and money market deposits in the above table, at both September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021. In addition, the~~2022. The Company had ~~$6.0~~$6.5 million and ~~$10.0~~$6.0 million in brokered time deposits, which are included in certificates of deposit in the above table, at September 30, 2023and ~~$75,000~~December 31, 2022, respectively. In addition, $103,000 and ~~$68,000,~~$98,000, in deposit account overdrafts ~~that~~ were reclassified to loans at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

Certificates of deposits that met or exceeded the FDIC insurance limit of ~~$250,000~~$250,000 were ~~$28.2~~$55.2 million and ~~$39.4~~$30.3 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

All deposits that met or exceeded the FDIC insurance limit totaled $305.1 million and $350.1 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The amounts and scheduled maturities of ~~all~~ certificates of deposit at ~~September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are shown below.~~the dates indicated were as follows:

	*September 30, 2023*		December 31, 2022
Within 1 Year	$	195,098,267	$	97,163,169
After 1 Year, Within 2 Years		30,066,067		31,550,543
After 2 Years, Within 3 Years		3,514,998		6,465,582
After 3 Years, Within 4 Years		3,450,257		3,177,916
After 4 Years, Within 5 Years		105,348		3,673,856
Total Certificates of Deposit	$	232,234,937	$	142,031,066

September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Within 1 Year $ 101,104,486 $ 118,119,148
After 1 Year, Within 2 Years 20,604,464 26,189,318
After 2 Years, Within 3 Years 7,447,047 7,148,260
After 3 Years, Within 4 Years 3,189,396 2,815,491
After 4 Years, Within 5 Years 3,779,202 3,089,709
Total Certificates of Deposit $ 136,124,595 $ 157,361,926

NOTE 10 - BORROWINGS

The Company had ~~$38.8~~$69.2 million in outstanding borrowings under the Federal Reserve Bank Term Funding Program (“BTFP”) with a weighted average borrowing rate of 4.42% at September 30, 2023 compared to $44.1 million in borrowings from the FRB discount window with a weighted average borrowing rate of 4.50% at December 31, 2022. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company elected to participate in the BTFP, allowing the Company to refinance its existing borrowings from the FRB discount window to receive a lower fixed rate. Advances made under the BTFP are for up to one year and will be extended at the one year overnight index swap ("OIS") rate as of the day the advance is made plus 10 basis points. The interest rate will be fixed for the term of the advance on the day the advance is made. To determine the rate, the BTFP will use the fixed OIS rate based on the effective federal funds rate for a one-year maturity. Depository institutions may borrow from the FRB discount window for periods as long as 90 days, and borrowings are prepayable and renewable by the borrower daily. At September 30, 2023, the Company had pledged as collateral for these borrowings investment securities with an amortized cost and fair value of $368.3 million and ~~$26.8~~$329.4 million, compared to an amortized cost and fair value of $72.6 million and $69.2 million, respectively, at December 31, 2022, respectively.

During the third quarter of 2023, the Company entered the FRB’s Borrower-In-Custody (BIC) program, which allows for the pledging of various loan types to secure FRB borrowings. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had pledged loan collateral for FRB borrowings with an amortized cost and collateral value of $108.6 million and $73.4 million, respectively.

The Company had $19.0 million and $27.6 million in other borrowings at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. These borrowings consist of short-term repurchase agreements with certain commercial demand deposit customers for sweep accounts. The repurchase agreements typically mature within one to three days and the interest rate paid on these borrowings floats monthly with money market type rates. The interest rate paid on the repurchase agreements was ~~0.35%~~1.49% at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to ~~0.15%~~0.75% at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Collateral pledged by the Company for these repurchase agreements consisted of investments with a combined amortized cost and fair value of ~~$53.5~~$44.7 million and ~~$50.9~~$41.2 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023, and ~~$45.3~~$52.3 million and ~~$45.2~~$49.8 million at December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

~~The Company had~~ ~~$1.0 million in~~There were no outstanding ~~borrowings from the "discount window" of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta~~FHLB advances at September 30, ~~2022 compared to no outstanding borrowings at~~ 2023 and December 31, ~~2021. Depository institutions may borrow from~~2022. FHLB advances are secured by a blanket collateral agreement with the ~~discount window for periods as long as 90 days,~~FHLB by pledging the Company’s portfolio of residential first mortgage loans and borrowings are prepayable and renewable by the borrower on a daily basis. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the borrowing rate was 3.25% and 0.25%, respectively. At September 30, 2022, the investment securities. The Company ~~had~~'s pledged as collateral for ~~these borrowings investment and mortgage-backed securities with~~FHLB advances had an amortized cost and fair value of ~~$73.3~~$54.6 million and ~~$70.4~~$44.7 million ~~respectively, compared to an amortized cost~~at September 30, 2023, and ~~fair value of $79.2~~$70.1 million and ~~$82.6~~$61.1 million ~~respectively,~~ at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022, respectively.

1923

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 11 - SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES

Junior Subordinated Debentures

In September 2006, Security Federal Statutory Trust (the "Trust"), issued and sold fixed and floating rate capital securities of the Trust (the “Capital Securities”). The Trust used the net proceeds from the sale of the Capital Securities to purchase a like amount of junior subordinated debentures (the “Debentures”) of the Company which are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as junior subordinated debentures. The Capital Securities accrue and pay distributions at a floating rate of three month LIBOR plus 170 basis points annually which was equal to ~~4.99%~~7.37% at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to ~~1.90%~~6.47% at December 31, ~~2021.~~ 2022. Effective June 30, 2023 as a result of the discontinuation of LIBOR, the Capital Securities transitioned from its floating rate of three month LIBOR plus 170 basis points to a replacement rate of three month Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") as adjusted by the relevant spread adjustment of 0.26161.

The distribution rate payable on the Capital Securities is cumulative and payable quarterly in arrears. The Capital Securities mature or are mandatorily redeemable upon maturity on December 15, 2036, or upon earlier optional redemption as provided in the indenture. The Company has had the right to redeem the Capital Securities in whole or in ~~part.~~

part since September 15, 2011.

Subordinated Debentures

In November 2019, the Company sold and issued to certain institutional investors $17.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.25% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due 2029 (the ~~“10-Year~~“10-Year Notes”) and $12.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.25% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due 2034 (the ~~“15-Year~~“15-Year Notes”, and together with the ~~10-Year~~10-Year Notes, the “Notes”).

The ~~10-Year~~10-Year Notes have a stated maturity of November 22, 2029, and bear interest at a fixed rate of 5.25% per year, from and including November 22, 2019 but excluding November 22, 2024. ~~From~~In accordance with the terms of the 10-Year Notes, from and including November 22, 2024 to but excluding the maturity date or early redemption date, the interest rate on the 10-Year Notes shall reset semi-annually to an interest rate equal to the then-current ~~three-month~~three-month LIBOR rate plus 369 basis points.

The ~~15-Year~~15-Year Notes have a stated maturity of November 22, 2034, and bear interest at a fixed rate of 5.25% per year, from and including November 22, 2019 but excluding November 22, 2029. ~~From~~In accordance with the terms of the 15-Year Notes, from and including November 22, 2029 to but excluding the maturity date or early redemption date, the interest rate ~~for~~on the ~~15-Year~~15-Year Notes shall reset semi-annually to an interest rate equal to the then-current ~~three-month~~three-month LIBOR rate plus 357 basis points.

As a result of the discontinuation of LIBOR effective June 30, 2023, the Company is currently determining an appropriate benchmark replacement for LIBOR on the Notes. The Company expects the replacement benchmark to be materially consistent with the three-month LIBOR.

The Notes are payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year commencing June 1, 2020.

The Notes are not subject to redemption at the option of the holder and may be redeemed by the Company only under certain limited circumstances prior to November 22, 2024, with respect to the ~~10-Year~~10-Year Notes, and November 22, 2029, with respect to the ~~15-Year~~15-Year Notes. The Company may redeem the ~~10-Year~~10-Year Notes and the ~~15-Year~~15-Year Notes at its option, in whole at any time, or in part from time to time, after November 22, 2024 and November 22, 2029, respectively. The Notes are unsecured, subordinated obligations of the Company and rank junior in right to payment to the Company’s current and future senior indebtedness, and each Note is equal in right to payment with respect to the other Notes.

The Notes have been structured to qualify as Tier 2 capital for the Company under applicable regulatory guidelines. The Company used the net proceeds from the sale of the Notes to fund the redemption of the ~~Convertible Debentures~~convertible senior debentures and for general corporate ~~purposes.~~

purposes to support future growth.

During the ~~quarter~~year ended ~~September 30,~~December 31, 2022 the Company repurchased $1.0 million in principal of the ~~10-Year~~10-Year Notes and $2.5 million in principal of the 15-Year Notes, leaving an aggregate remaining principal balance of $16.5 ~~million.~~

million and $10.0 million, respectively.

2024

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 12 - REGULATORY MATTERS

The Bank, as a state-chartered, federally insured savings bank, is subject to the capital requirements established by the FDIC. Under the FDIC's capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank's assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank's capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weighting and other factors.

The Company is a bank holding company registered with the Federal Reserve. Bank holding companies are subject to capital adequacy requirements of the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, and the regulations of the Federal Reserve. For a bank holding company with less than ~~$3.0~~$3.0 billion in assets, the capital guidelines apply on a bank only basis and the Federal Reserve expects the holding company's subsidiary banks to be well-capitalized under the prompt corrective action regulations.

Based on its capital levels at September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Bank exceeded all regulatory capital requirements as of that date. Consistent with the Bank's goals to operate a sound and profitable organization, it is the Bank's policy to maintain a "well-capitalized" status under the regulatory capital categories of the FDIC. Based on capital levels at September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Bank was considered ~~to be~~ "well-capitalized" under applicable regulatory requirements. Management monitors the capital levels to provide for current and future business opportunities and to maintain the Bank's "well-capitalized" status.

The tables below provide the Bank’s regulatory capital requirements and actual results at the dates indicated.

Actual For Capital Adequacy To Be "Well-Capitalized"
Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
September 30, 2022 Dollars in Thousands
Tier 1 Risk-Based Core Capital
(To Risk Weighted Assets) $ 138,263 17.9% $ 46,448 6.0% $ 61,930 8.0%
Total Risk-Based Capital
(To Risk Weighted Assets) 147,960 19.1% 61,930 8.0% 77,413 10.0%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets) 138,263 17.9% 34,836 4.5% 50,318 6.5%
Tier 1 Leverage (Core) Capital
(To Adjusted Tangible Assets) 138,263 10.3% 53,607 4.0% 67,009 5.0%
December 31, 2021
Tier 1 Risk-Based Core Capital
(To Risk Weighted Assets) $ 123,783 17.4% $ 42,701 6.0% $ 56,934 8.0%
Total Risk-Based Capital
(To Risk Weighted Assets) 132,706 18.6% 56,934 8.0% 71,168 10.0%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets) 123,783 17.4% 32,025 4.5% 46,259 6.5%
Tier 1 Leverage (Core) Capital
(To Adjusted Tangible Assets) 123,783 9.9% 50,169 4.0% 62,711 5.0%

	*Actual*					*For Capital Adequacy*					*To Be "Well-Capitalized"*
	*Amount*		*Ratio*			*Amount*		*Ratio*			*Amount*		*Ratio*
September 30, 2023	*(Dollars in Thousands)*
Tier 1 Risk-Based Core Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	$	146,670		18.1	%	$	48,674		6.0	%	$	64,899		8.0	%
Total Risk-Based Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)		156,851		19.3	%		64,899		8.0	%		81,124		10.0	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)		146,670		18.1	%		36,506		4.5	%		52,730		6.5	%
Tier 1 Leverage (Core) Capital (To Adjusted Tangible Assets)		146,670		10.1	%		58,007		4.0	%		72,509		5.0	%

December 31, 2022
Tier 1 Risk-Based Core Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	$	141,452		17.8	%	$	47,714		6.0	%	$	63,619		8.0	%
Total Risk-Based Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)		151,408		19.0	%		63,619		8.0	%		79,523		10.0	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)		141,452		17.8	%		35,785		4.5	%		51,690		6.5	%
Tier 1 Leverage (Core) Capital (To Adjusted Tangible Assets)		141,452		10.4	%		54,372		4.0	%		67,965		5.0	%

In addition to the minimum capital requirements, the Bank must maintain a capital conservation buffer, which consists of additional ~~CET1~~Common Equity Tier 1 capital greater than 2.5% of risk weighted assets above the required minimum levels ~~in order~~ to avoid limitations on paying dividends, repurchasing shares, and paying discretionary ~~bonuses.~~bonuses. At September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Bank’s conservation buffer wawas 11.3%~~s 11.1%~~.

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 13 - FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

GAAP requires the Company to disclose fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet and to measure that fair value using an exit price notion, the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability, in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date under current market conditions. Accounting guidance emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, a fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy). The following three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 -
~~Level 1 -~~		Quoted Market Price in Active Markets Valuation is based upon quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company ~~has the ability to~~can access. Level 1 assets and liabilities include debt and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market, as well as U.S. Treasuries and money market funds.
Level 2 -	Significant Other Observable Inputs Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. Level 2 assets and liabilities include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments, mortgage-backed securities, municipal bonds, corporate debt securities and derivative contracts whose value is determined using a pricing model with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. This category generally includes certain derivative contracts.
Level 3 -	Significant Unobservable Inputs Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption based on unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value.

Investment Securities AFS

~~Investment securities available for sale~~

Investments AFS are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. At September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company’s investment portfolio was comprised of student loan pools, government and agency bonds, MBS issued by government agencies or GSEs, private label CMO ~~MBS~~securities and municipal securities. Fair value measurement is based upon prices obtained from third party pricing services that use independent pricing models which rely on a variety of factors including reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, benchmark yields, economic and industry events and other relevant market information. As a result, these securities are classified as Level 2.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

The Company originates fixed rate residential loans on a servicing released basis in the secondary market. Loans closed but not yet settled with the FHLMC or other investors are carried in the Company’s loans held for sale portfolio. These loans are fixed rate residential loans that have been originated in the Company’s name and have closed. Virtually all of these loans have commitments to be purchased by investors and the majority of these loans were locked in by price with the investors on the same day or shortly thereafter that the loan was locked in with the Company’s customers. Therefore, these loans present very little market risk for the Company. The Company usually delivers a commitment to, and receives funding from, the investor within 30 days. Commitments to sell these loans to the investor are considered derivative contracts and are sold to investors on a “best efforts" basis. The Company is not obligated to deliver a loan or pay a penalty if a loan is not delivered to the investor. As a result of the short-term nature of these derivative contracts, the fair value of the mortgage loans held for sale in most cases is the same as the value of the loan amount at its origination. These loans are classified as Level 2.

~~SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES~~
~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements~~

Land Held for Sale

Land held for sale is reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised values of the collateral or management’s estimation of the value of the collateral less estimated selling costs. The Company records land held for sale as nonrecurring level 3.

~~Impaired~~

Collateral Dependent Loans

~~Loans that are considered impaired are recorded~~

The Company does not record loans held for investment at fair value on a ~~nonrecurring~~recurring basis. ~~Once a loan~~However, from time to time, the Company designates individually evaluated loans with higher risk as collateral dependent loans and an allowance for credit losses is ~~considered impaired,~~established as necessary. Collateral dependent loans are loans for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. These loans do not share common risk characteristics and are not included within the collectively evaluated loans for determining the allowance for credit losses. Under CECL, for collateral dependent loans, the Company has adopted the practical expedient to measure the allowance for credit losses based on the fair value of collateral. The allowance for credit losses is ~~measured~~calculated on an individual loan basis based on the shortfall between the fair value of the loan's collateral, which is adjusted for estimated costs to sell, and amortized cost. If the fair value of the collateral exceeds the amortized cost, no allowance is required.

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Fair value is estimated using one of ~~several methods, including~~the following methods: fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell, discounted cash flows, or market value of the loan based on similar debt. The fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell is the most frequently used method. Typically, the Company reviews the most recent appraisal and if it is over 24 months old will request a new third party appraisal. Depending on the particular circumstances surrounding the loan, including the location of the collateral, the date of the most recent appraisal and the value of the collateral relative to the recorded investment in the loan, management may order an independent appraisal immediately or, in some instances, may elect to perform an internal analysis. Specifically, as an example, in situations where the collateral on a nonperforming commercial real estate loan is out of the Company’s primary market area, management would typically order an independent appraisal immediately, at the earlier of the date the loan becomes nonperforming or immediately following the determination that the loan is collateral dependent. However, as a second example, on a nonperforming commercial real estate loan where management is familiar with the property and surrounding areas and where the original appraisal value far exceeds the recorded investment in the loan, management may perform an internal analysis whereby the previous appraisal value would be reviewed and adjusted for current conditions including recent sales of similar properties in the area and any other relevant economic trends. These valuations are reviewed at a minimum on a quarterly basis.

Those ~~impaired~~collateral dependent loans not requiring ~~a specific charge against the~~an allowance represent loans for which the fair value of the expected repayments or collateral ~~meet or~~ exceed the recorded ~~investment~~investments in ~~the loan. Loans which are deemed to be impaired are primarily valued~~such loans. At September 30, 2023, all collateral dependent loans were evaluated based on ~~a nonrecurring basis at~~ the fair value of the ~~underlying real estate~~ collateral. ~~Such~~Loans where an allowance is established based on the fair ~~values are obtained using independent appraisals, which~~value of collateral require classification in the fair value hierarchy. The Company ~~considers to be~~records collateral dependent loans as nonrecurring Level ~~3 inputs.~~

Other Real Estate Owned

Fair value adjustments to OREO are recorded at the lower of the carrying amount of the loan or the fair value of the collateral less selling costs. Any write-downs based on the asset’s fair value at the date of acquisition are charged to the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses. After foreclosure, management periodically performs valuations such that the real estate is carried at the lower of its new cost basis or fair value, net of estimated costs to sell. Foreclosed assets are recorded as nonrecurring Level 3.

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows at ~~September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:~~

September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Student Loan Pools $ — $ 63,221,349 $ — $ — $ 72,011,561 $ —
SBA Bonds — 107,456,359 — — 139,793,077 —
Tax Exempt Municipal Bonds — 41,711,954 — — 49,984,355 —
Taxable Municipal Bonds — 51,420,078 — — 65,969,151 —
MBS — 327,740,721 — — 355,090,914 —
Total $ — $ 591,550,461 $ — $ — $ 682,849,058 $ —

the dates indicated:

	*September 30, 2023*						December 31, 2022
	*Level 1*		*Level 2*		*Level 3*		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Student Loan Pools	$	—	$	52,494,121	$	—	$	—	$	59,156,982	$	—
SBA Bonds		—		77,926,496		—		—		99,629,967		—
Tax Exempt Municipal Bonds		—		19,472,098		—		—		21,310,328		—
Taxable Municipal Bonds		—		49,411,310		—		—		50,769,739		—
MBS		—		332,117,548		—		—		319,281,268		—
Total	$	—	$	531,421,573	$	—	$	—	$	550,148,284	$	—

There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 or December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These include assets that are measured at the lower of cost or market that were recognized at fair value below cost at the end of the period. The tables below present assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at ~~September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021,~~the dates indicated, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall.

September 30, 2022
Assets: Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Mortgage Loans Held For Sale $ — $ 2,141,011 $ — $ 2,141,011
Collateral Dependent Impaired Loans (1)
— — 2,047,178 2,047,178
Other Real Estate Owned — — 119,700 119,700
Land Held for Sale — — 1,096,614 1,096,614
Total $ — $ 2,141,011 $ 3,263,492 $ 5,404,503

~~SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements~~

December 31, 2021
Assets: Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Mortgage Loans Held For Sale $ — $ 4,038,414 $ — $ 4,038,414
Collateral Dependent Impaired Loans (1)
— — 2,323,307 2,323,307
Other Real Estate Owned — — 129,700 129,700
Land Held for Sale — — 1,529,691 1,529,691
Total $ — $ 4,038,414 $ 3,982,698 $ 8,021,112

~~(1) Reported net of specific reserves.~~

	*September 30, 2023*
Assets:	*Level 1*		*Level 2*		*Level 3*		*Total*
Mortgage Loans Held For Sale	$	—	$	1,053,486	$	—	$	1,053,486
Collateral Dependent Loans		—		—		5,492,222		5,492,222
Land Held for Sale		—		—		938,214		938,214
Total	$	—	$	1,053,486	$	6,430,436	$	7,483,922

	December 31, 2022
Assets:	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Mortgage Loans Held For Sale	$	—	$	913,258	$	—	$	913,258
Collateral Dependent Loans		—		—		5,565,878		5,565,878
OREO		—		—		119,700		119,700
Land Held for Sale		—		—		1,096,614		1,096,614
Total	$	—	$	913,258	$	6,782,192	$	7,695,450

There were no ~~specific reserves at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.~~

~~There were no~~ liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 or December 31, ~~2021.~~

2022.

For Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis at ~~September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021,~~the dates indicated, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows:

			*Range of Inputs*
Level 3 Assets	*Valuation Technique*	*Significant Unobservable Inputs*	*September 30, 2023*			*December 31, 2022*
Land Held for Sale	Appraised Value/Comparable Sales	Discounts to appraised values for estimated holding or selling costs			10%	10%
Collateral Dependent Loans	Appraised Value	Discounts to appraised values for estimated holding and/or selling costs or age of appraisal	8%	-	13%	8% - 13%
OREO	Appraised Value/Comparable Sales	Discounts to appraised values for estimated holding or selling costs			-	30%

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Range of Inputs
Level 3 Assets Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Land Held for Sale Appraised Value/Comparable Sales Discounts to appraised values for estimated holding or selling costs 10% 10%
Collateral Dependent Impaired Loans Appraised Value/ Discounted Cash Flows Discounts to appraised values or cash flows for estimated holding and/or selling costs or age of appraisal 8% - 13% 8% - 13%
Other Real Estate Owned Appraised Value/Comparable Sales Discounts to appraised values for estimated holding or selling costs

36%
30%

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

For assets and liabilities not presented on the balance sheet at fair value, the following methods are used to determine fair value:

Cash and Cash Equivalents—The carrying amount of these financial instruments approximates fair value. All mature within 90 days and do not present unanticipated credit concerns.

Certificates of Deposit with Other Banks—Fair value is based on market prices for similar assets.

~~Investment Securities~~

Investments HTM—~~Investment securities held to maturity~~Investments HTM are valued at quoted market prices or dealer quotes.

Loans Receivable, Net—The fair value of loans is estimated using an exit price notion. The exit price notion uses a discounted cash flows technique to calculate the present value of expected future cash flows for a financial instrument and ~~also~~ incorporates other factors such as enhanced credit risk, illiquidity risk and market factors that sometimes exist in exit prices in dislocated markets. The credit risk assumption is intended to approximate the fair value that a market participant would realize in a hypothetical orderly transaction. The Company’s loan portfolio is initially fair valued using a segmented approach. The Company divides its loan portfolio into the following categories: construction, residential mortgage, commercial real estate, other commercial, ~~residential real estate,~~HELOCs and other consumer ~~and all other~~ loans. The results are then adjusted to account for credit risk as described above.

A further credit risk discount must be applied ~~through the use of~~using a discounted cash flow model to compensate for illiquidity risk, based on certain assumptions included within the discounted cash flow model, primarily the use of discount rates that better capture inherent credit risk over the lifetime of a loan. This consideration of enhanced credit risk provides an estimated exit price for the Company’s loan portfolio. For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and have no significant change in credit risk, fair values approximate carrying values.

FHLB Stock—The fair value approximates the carrying value.

Deposits—The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts, and money market accounts is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposits is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

~~SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements~~

FHLB Advances and Borrowings from the FRB—Fair value is estimated using discounted cash flows with current market rates for borrowings with similar terms. The Company had no outstanding FHLB advances as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 or December 31, ~~2021.~~

2022.

Other Borrowed Money—The carrying value of these short term borrowings approximates fair value.

Subordinated Debentures—The fair value is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar debenture offerings with similar terms and maturities would be issued by similar institutions. As discount rates are based on current debenture rates as well as management estimates, the fair values presented may not be indicative of the value negotiated in an actual sale.

Junior Subordinated Debentures—The carrying value of junior subordinated debentures approximates fair value.

The following tables provide a summary of the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at ~~September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021~~the dates indicated presented in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance.

September 30, 2022 Carrying Fair Value
Amount Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial Assets: Dollars in thousands
Cash and Cash Equivalents $ 20,068 $ 20,068 $ 20,068 $ — $ —
Certificates of Deposits with Other Banks 1,100 1,100 — 1,100 —
Investment Securities, Available for Sale 591,550 591,550 — 591,550 —
Investment Securities, Held to Maturity 137,969 131,616 — 131,616 —
Loans Receivable, Net 520,953 501,910 — — 501,910
Loans Held for Sale 2,141 2,141 — — 2,141
FHLB Stock 651 651 651 — —
Land Held for Sale 1,097 1,097 — — 1,097
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits:
Checking, Savings & Money Market Accounts $ 982,692 $ 982,692 $ 982,692 $ — $ —
Certificates of Deposits 136,125 132,569 — 132,569 —
Borrowings from FRB 1,000 1,000 1,000 — —
Other Borrowed Money 38,809 38,809 38,809 — —
Subordinated Debentures 29,000 27,049 — 27,049 —
Junior Subordinated Debentures 5,155 5,155 — 5,155 —

September 30, 2023	*Carrying*		*Fair Value*
	*Amount*		*Level 1*		*Level 2*		*Level 3*
Financial Assets:	Dollars in thousands
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	84,224	$	84,224	$	—	$	—
Certificates of Deposits with Other Banks		1,100		—		1,100		—
Investments AFS		531,422		—		531,422		—
Investments HTM		174,136		—		166,639		—
Loans Receivable, Net		596,976		—		—		574,770
FHLB Stock		922		922		—		—
Land Held for Sale		938		—		—		938
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits:
Checking, Savings & Money Market Accounts	$	953,818	$	953,818	$	—	$	—
Certificates of Deposits		232,235		—		229,658		—
Borrowings from FRB		69,200		68,729		—		—
Other Borrowed Money		19,043		19,043		—		—
Subordinated Debentures		26,500		—		22,791		—
Junior Subordinated Debentures		5,155		—		5,155		—

2528

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2021 Carrying Fair Value
Amount Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial Assets: Dollars in thousands
Cash and Cash Equivalents $ 27,623 $ 27,623 $ 27,623 $ — $ —
Certificates of Deposits with Other Banks 1,100 1,100 — 1,100 —
Investment Securities, Available for Sale 682,849 682,849 — 682,849 —
Investment Securities, Held to Maturity 23,507 23,720 — 23,720 —
Loans Receivable, Net 495,458 503,986 — — 503,986
Loans Held for Sale 4,038 4,038 — — 4,038
FHLB Stock 586 586 586 — —
Land Held for Sale 1,530 1,530 — — 1,530
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits:
Checking, Savings & Money Market Accounts $ 958,601 $ 958,601 $ 958,601 $ — $ —
Certificates of Deposits 157,362 157,201 — 157,201 —
Other Borrowed Money 26,785 26,785 26,785 — —
Subordinated Debentures 30,000 30,154 — 30,154 —
Junior Subordinated Debentures 5,155 5,155 — 5,155 —

December 31, 2022	Carrying		Fair Value
	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial Assets:	Dollars in thousands
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	28,502	$	28,502	$	—	$	—
Certificates of Deposits with Other Banks		1,100		—		1,100		—
Investments AFS		550,148		—		550,148		—
Investments HTM		167,438		—		161,464		—
Loans Receivable, Net		549,004		—		—		528,174
FHLB Stock		651		651		—		—
Land Held for Sale		1,097		—		—		1,097
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits:
Checking, Savings & Money Market Accounts	$	968,054	$	968,054	$	—	$	—
Certificates of Deposits		142,031		—		138,382		—
Borrowings from FRB		44,080		44,071		—		—
Other Borrowed Money		27,588		27,588		—		—
Subordinated Debentures		26,500		—		24,435		—
Junior Subordinated Debentures		5,155		—		5,155		—

At September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the ~~Bank~~Company had ~~$173.0~~$173.1 million in ~~off-balance~~off-balance sheet financial commitments. These commitments are to originate loans and unused consumer lines of credit and credit card lines. Because these obligations are based on current market rates, if funded, the original ~~princip~~alprincipal amount is considered ~~to be~~ a reasonable estimate of fair value. Fair value estimates are made on a specific date, based on relevant market data and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale the ~~Bank’s~~Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument.

Because no active market exists for a significant portion of the ~~Bank’s~~Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, current interest rates and prepayment trends, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in any of these assumptions used in calculating fair value would also significantly affect the estimates. Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. For example, the ~~Bank~~Company has significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities including deposit franchise values, loan servicing portfolios, deferred tax liabilities, and premises and equipment.

In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in any of these estimates. The Company has used management’s best estimate of fair value on the above assumptions. Thus, the fair values presented may not be the amounts which could be realized in an immediate sale or settlement of the instrument. In addition, any income taxes or other expenses that would be incurred in an actual sale or settlement are not taken into consideration in the fair value presented.

~~SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements~~

NOTE 14 ~~- ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING CHANGES~~

~~The following is a summary of recent authoritative pronouncements that could affect accounting, reporting, and disclosure of financial information by the Company:~~

In June 2016, the FASB issued guidance to change the accounting for credit losses and modify the impairment model for certain debt securities. The guidance significantly changes the impairment model for most financial assets that are measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments from an incurred loss model to an expected loss model, which is commonly referred to as the current expected credit loss methodology. The amendments will be effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of identifying required changes to the loan loss estimation models and processes and evaluating the impact of this new guidance. Until our evaluation is complete the impact of the change will be unknown.

In April 2019, the FASB issued guidance to provide entities that have certain financial instruments measured at amortized cost that have credit losses, to irrevocably elect the fair value option in Subtopic 825-10, upon adoption of the June 2016 guidance related to accounting for credit losses and modifying the impairment model for certain debt securities. The fair value option applies to available-for-sale debt securities. This guidance should be applied at adoption on a modified-retrospective basis as a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the statement of financial condition. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued guidance that applies to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions (e.g., loans, debt securities, derivatives, borrowings) that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or other rate references expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The guidance permits an entity to make necessary modifications to eligible contracts or transactions without requiring contract remeasurement or reassessment of a previous accounting determination. In January 2021, updated guidance was issued to clarify that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivative instruments that use an interest rate for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment that is modified as a result of reference rate reform. Amendments in this guidance to the expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 capture the incremental consequences of the scope clarification and tailor the existing guidance to derivative instruments affected by the discounting transition. The amendments in this guidance have differing effective dates, beginning with an interim period including and subsequent to March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company does not expect adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2022, the FASB issued amendments which are intended to improve the decision usefulness of information provided to investors about certain loan re-financings, restructurings, and write-offs. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its financial statements.

Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting authorities are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

~~NOTE 15~~ - NON-INTEREST INCOME

Revenue Recognition

- In accordance with ~~Topic~~ ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), revenues are recognized when control of promised goods or services is transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of Topic 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company only applies the ~~five-step~~five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of Topic 606, the Company assesses the goods or services that are promised within each contract and identifies those that contain performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

~~SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements~~

Service Fees on Deposit Accounts

- The ~~Bank~~Company earns fees from its deposit customers for account maintenance, transaction-based and overdraft services. Account maintenance fees consist primarily of account fees and analyzed account fees charged on deposit accounts ~~on a monthly basis.~~monthly. The performance obligation is satisfied and the fees are recognized ~~on a~~ monthly ~~basis~~ as the service period is completed. Transaction-based fees on deposits accounts are charged to deposit customers for specific services provided to the customer, such as non-sufficient funds fees, overdraft fees, and wire fees. The performance obligation is completed as the transaction occurs and the fees are recognized at the time each specific service is provided to the customer.

ATM and Check Card Fee Income

- Check card fee income represents fees earned when a debit card issued by the ~~Bank~~Company is used. The ~~Bank~~Company earns interchange fees from debit cardholder transactions through the Mastercard payment network. Interchange fees from cardholder transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized daily, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder. The performance obligation is satisfied and the fees are earned when the cost of the transaction is charged to the card. Certain expenses directly associated with the debit card are recorded on a net basis with the fee income.

Trust Income

- Trust income includes monthly advisory fees that are based on assets under management and certain transaction fees that are assessed and earned monthly, concurrently with the investment management services provided to the customer. The ~~Bank~~Company does not charge performance based fees for its trust services and does not currently have any institutional clients, hedge funds or mutual funds. Although trust income is included within the scope of ASC 606, based on the fees charged by the ~~Bank,~~Company, there were no changes in the accounting for trust income.

Gains/Losses on OREO Sales

- Gains/losses on the sale of OREO are included in non-interest expense and are generally recognized when the performance obligation is complete. This is typically atthe delivery of control over the property to the buyer at the time of each real estate closing.

Table of Contents

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table presents the Company's non-interest income for the ~~three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.~~periods indicated. All of the Company’s revenue from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606 is recognized in non-interest income, ~~with the exception of~~except for gains on the sale of OREO, which are included in non-interest expense when applicable.

	*Three Months Ended September 30,*				*Nine Months Ended September 30,*
	*2023*		2022		*2023*		2022
Non-interest income:
Gain on Sale of Loans ⁽¹⁾	$	135,488	$	287,081	$	530,428	$	1,511,905
Service Fees on Deposit Accounts		318,966		279,909		889,843		809,287
Commissions From Insurance Agency ⁽¹⁾		200,278		235,506		548,645		620,779
Trust Income		458,070		363,830		1,297,376		1,084,249
BOLI Income ⁽¹⁾		162,737		150,999		469,175		457,202
ATM and Check Card Fee Income		736,200		687,773		2,288,036		2,109,173
Grant Income		—		—		—		170,699
Other ⁽¹⁾		156,190		219,289		596,032		702,135
Total non-interest income	$	2,167,929	$	2,224,387	$	6,619,535	$	7,465,429

⁽¹⁾Not within the scope of ASC 606

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022 2021 2022 2021
Non-interest income:
Gain on Sale of Loans (1)
$ 287,081 $ 932,340 $ 1,511,905 $ 3,022,755
Service Fees on Deposit Accounts 279,909 251,440 809,287 702,548
Commissions From Insurance Agency (1)
235,506 187,657 620,779 468,083
Trust Income 363,830 359,035 1,084,249 1,005,517
BOLI Income (1)
150,999 155,000 457,202 485,000
ATM and Check Card Fee Income 687,773 615,568 2,109,173 1,811,216
Grant Income (1)
— 1,826,265 170,699 1,826,265
Other (1)
219,289 202,314 702,135 669,379
Total non-interest income $ 2,224,387 $ 4,529,619 $ 7,465,429 $ 9,990,763
(1) Not within the scope of ASC 606

~~SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements~~

NOTE 1615 - LEASES

~~Effective January 1, 2019 the Company adopted ASC 842 “Leases.” Currently, the~~

The Company has operating leases on six of its ~~branches that are accounted for under this standard. The Company entered into one of~~branches. During the ~~six leases mentioned above on~~ nine months ended September 30, ~~2021 and recognized a right-of-use asset of $255,000 on that date. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022,~~2023, the Company made cash payments in the amount of ~~$380,000~~$394,000 for operating leases. The lease expense recognized during this period was ~~$384,000~~$394,000 and was recorded in occupancy expense within the Consolidated Statements of Income. The lease liability had a net decrease of ~~$279,000.~~$345,000. At September 30, 2023, the Company had ROU assets of $1.5 million and a lease liability of $1.6 million recorded on its consolidated balance sheet compared to ROU assets of $1.9 million and a lease liability of $1.9 million at December 31, 2022. The lease agreements have maturity dates ranging from 2023 through 2028, some of which include options for multiple five or ten year extensions. At September 30, 2023, the remaining weighted average lease term ~~is 4.33~~was 3.39 years and the weighted average discount rate used is was 3.2%.

At September 30, ~~2022, maturities~~2023, maturities of operating lease liabilities for future periods were as follows:

Remainder of 2023	$	130,136
2024		522,099
2025		474,766
2026		363,550
2027		147,599
Thereafter		10,371
Total undiscounted lease payments		1,648,521
Less: effect of discounting		(88,963	)
Present value of estimated lease payments (lease liability)	$	1,559,558

Remainder of 2022 $ 126,564
2023 518,138
2024 522,147
2025 474,815
2026 363,428
Thereafter 155,996
Total undiscounted lease payments 2,161,088
Less: effect of discounting (147,002)
Present value of estimated lease payments (lease liability) $ 2,014,086

NOTE 1716 - PREFERRED STOCK

On May 24, 2022, the Company entered into a Letter Agreement (“Agreement”) with the U.S. Department of Treasury under the Emergency Capital Investment Program (“ECIP”). Established by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, the ECIP was created to encourage low- and moderate-income community financial institutions and minority depository institutions to provide loans, grants, and forbearance for small businesses, minority-owned businesses, and consumers, especially low-income and underserved communities, including counties with persistent poverty, that may be disproportionately impacted by the economic effect of the ~~COVID-19~~COVID-19 pandemic by providing direct and indirect capital investments in low- and moderate-income community financial institutions.

Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company agreed to issue and sell 82,949 shares of Preferred Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $82.9 million in cash.This ECIP investment is treated as tier 1 capital. The Preferred Stock bears no dividend for the first24 months following the investment date. Thereafter, the dividend rate will be adjusted, not higher than 2%, based on the lending growth criteria listed in the Agreement. After the tenth anniversary of the investment date, the dividend rate will be fixed based on the average annual amount of lending in years 2 through 10. Dividends will be payable quarterly in arrears on March 15, June 15, September 15, and December 15.

The Preferred Stock may be redeemed at the option of the Company on or after the fifth anniversary of issuance (or earlier in the event of loss of regulatory capital treatment), subject to the approval of the appropriate federal banking regulator and in accordance with the federal banking agencies’ regulatory capital regulations. The Preferred Stock is reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series ECIP.

NOTE 1817 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Subsequent events are events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued. Recognized subsequent events are events or transactions that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the date of the balance sheet, including estimates inherent in the process of preparing financial statements. ~~Nonrecognized~~Non-recognized subsequent events are events that provide evidence about conditions that did not exist at the date of the balance sheet but arose after that date. Management has reviewed all events occurring through the date the consolidated financial statements were available to be issued and determined that there were no subsequent events requiring accrual or disclosure.

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

When we refer to “Security Federal” in this report, we are referring to Security Federal Corporation. When we refer to the “Bank” in this report, we are referring to Security Federal Bank, the wholly owned subsidiary of Security Federal. As used in this report, the terms “we,” “our,” “us,” and “Company” refer to Security Federal Corporation and its consolidated subsidiary, Security Federal Bank, unless the context indicates otherwise.

Forward-Looking Statements and ~~“Safe Harbor”~~“Safe Harbor” statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

Certain matters discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements relate to our financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance or business. Forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact, are based on certain assumptions and are generally identified by use of the words "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "estimates," "forecasts," "intends," "plans," "targets," "potentially," "probably," "projects," "outlook" or similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as "may," "will," "should," "would" and "could." Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, assumptions and statements about, among other things, expectations of the business environment in which we operate, projections of future performance or financial items, perceived opportunities in the market, potential future credit experience, and statements regarding our mission and vision. These forward-looking statements are based upon current management expectations and may, therefore, involve risk and uncertainties. Our actual results, performance, or achievements may differ materially from those suggested, expressed, or implied by forward-looking statements as a result of a wide variety or range of factors, including, but not limited to:

•potential adverse impacts to economic conditions in our local market areas, other markets where the Company has lending relationships, or other aspects of the Company's business operations or financial markets, including, without limitation, as a result of employment levels, labor shortages and the effects of inflation, a potential recession or slowed economic growth caused by increasing political instability from acts of war including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, as well as increasing oil prices and supply chain disruptions, and any governmental or societal responses to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) pandemic, including the possibility of new COVID-19 variants;

•the credit risks of lending activities, including changes in the level and trend of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in our allowance for loan losses and provision for loan losses that may be affected by deterioration in the housing and commercial real estate markets which may lead to increased losses and non-performing assets in our loan portfolio, and may result in our allowance for loan losses not being adequate to cover actual losses, and require us to materially increase our allowance for loan losses;

•~~changes in the levels of general interest rates, and the relative differences between short and long term interest rates, deposit interest rates, our net interest margin and funding sources;~~

•~~the future of the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), and the transition away from LIBOR toward new interest rate benchmarks;~~

•~~fluctuations in the demand for loans, the number of unsold homes, land and other properties and fluctuations in real estate values in our market areas;~~

•~~secondary market conditions for loans and our ability to originate loans for sale and sell loans in the secondary market;~~

•results of examinations of the Company by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ("Federal Reserve") and the Bank by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") and the South Carolina State Board of Financial Institutions, or other regulatory authorities, including the possibility that any such regulatory authority may, among other things, require us to increase our reserve for loan losses, write-down assets, change our regulatory capital position or affect our ability to borrow funds or maintain or increase deposits, or impose additional requirements or restrictions on us, any of which could adversely affect our liquidity and earnings;

•legislative or regulatory changes that adversely affect our business, including changes in banking, securities and tax law, and in regulatory policies and principles, or the interpretation of regulatory capital or other rules, and other governmental initiatives affecting the financial services industry;

•~~our ability to attract and retain deposits;~~

•~~our ability to control operating costs and expenses;~~

•~~our ability to implement our business strategies;~~

•~~the use of estimates in determining the fair value of certain of our assets, which estimates may prove to be incorrect and result in significant declines in valuation;~~

•~~difficulties in reducing risks associated with the loans on our balance sheet;~~

•~~staffing fluctuations in response to product demand or the implementation of corporate strategies that affect our workforce and potential associated charges;~~

•disruptions, security breaches, or other adverse events, failures or interruptions in, or attacks on, our information technology systems or on the third-party vendors who perform several of our critical processing;

•

potential adverse impacts to economic conditions in our local market areas, other markets where the Company has lending relationships, or other aspects of the Company's business operations or financial markets, including, without limitation, as a result of employment levels, labor shortages and the effects of inflation, a potential recession or slowed economic growth;

•

changes in the interest rate environment, including the recent increases in the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”) benchmark rate and duration at which such increased interest rate levels are maintained, which could adversely affect our revenues and expenses, the value of assets and obligations, and the availibility and cost of capital and liquidity;

•

the impact of continuing high inflation and the current and future monetary policies of the Federal Reserve in response thereto;

•

the effects of any federal government shutdown;

•

the credit risks of lending activities, including changes in the level and trend of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in our allowance for credit losses and provision for credit losses that may be affected by deterioration in the housing and commercial real estate markets which may lead to increased losses and non-performing assets in our loan portfolio, and may result in our allowance for credit losses not being adequate to cover actual losses, and require us to materially increase our allowance for credit losses;

•

changes in general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas;

•

changes in the levels of general interest rates, and the relative differences between short and long term interest rates, deposit interest rates, our net interest margin and funding sources;

•

unexpected outflows of uninsured deposits may require us to sell investment securities at a loss;

•

the transition away from London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") toward new interest rate benchmarks;

•

fluctuations in the demand for loans, the number of unsold homes, land and other properties and fluctuations in real estate values in our market areas;

•

secondary market conditions for loans and our ability to originate loans for sale and sell loans in the secondary market;

•

the impact of bank failures or adverse developments at other banks and related negative press about the banking industry in general on investor and depositor sentiment;

•

results of examinations of the Federal Reserve and the Bank by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") and the South Carolina State Board of Financial Institutions, or other regulatory authorities, including the possibility that any such regulatory authority may, among other things, require us to increase our reserve for credit losses, write-down assets, change our regulatory capital position or affect our ability to borrow funds or maintain or increase deposits, or impose additional requirements or restrictions on us, any of which could adversely affect our liquidity and earnings;

•

legislative or regulatory changes that adversely affect our business, including changes in banking, securities and tax law, and in regulatory policies and principles, or the interpretation of regulatory capital or other rules;

•

our ability to attract and retain deposits;

•

our ability to control operating costs and expenses;

•

our ability to implement our business strategies;

•

the use of estimates in determining the fair value of certain of our assets, which estimates may prove to be incorrect and result in significant declines in valuation;

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

•~~our ability to retain key members of our senior management team;~~

•~~costs and effects of litigation, including settlements and judgments;~~

•~~our ability to manage loan delinquency rates;~~

•~~increased competitive pressures among financial services companies;~~

•~~changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;~~

•~~the availability of resources to address changes in laws, rules, or regulations or to respond to regulatory actions;~~

•~~our ability to pay dividends on our common stock;~~

•~~the quality and composition of our securities portfolio and the impact of any adverse changes in the securities markets;~~

•~~inability of key third-party providers to perform their obligations to us;~~

•changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the financial institution regulatory agencies or the FASB, including additional guidance and interpretation on accounting issues and details of the implementation of new accounting methods;

•~~the effects of climate change, severe weather events, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics and other public health crises, acts of war or terrorism, and other external events on our business;~~

•~~other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory, and technological factors affecting our operations, pricing, products and services; and~~

•other risks described elsewhere in this document and in the Company's other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (“2021 10-K”).

Some of these forward-looking statements are discussed in the Company's 2021 Form 10-K as well as other risk factors under Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” Such developments could have an adverse impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

•

difficulties in reducing risks associated with the loans on our balance sheet;

•

staffing fluctuations in response to product demand or the implementation of corporate strategies that affect our workforce and potential associated charges;

•

disruptions, security breaches, or other adverse events, failures or interruptions in, or attacks on, our information technology systems or on the third-party vendors who perform several of our critical processing;

•

our ability to attract and retain key members of our senior management team;

•

costs and effects of litigation, including settlements and judgments;

•

our ability to manage loan delinquency rates;

•

increased competitive pressures among financial services companies;

•

changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;

•

the availability of resources to address changes in laws, rules, or regulations or to respond to regulatory actions;

•

our ability to pay dividends on our common stock;

•

the quality and composition of our securities portfolio and the impact of any adverse changes in the securities markets;

•

inability of key third-party providers to perform their obligations to us;

•

changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the financial institution regulatory agencies or the FASB, including additional guidance and interpretation on accounting issues and details of the implementation of new accounting methods;

•

the effects of climate change, severe weather events, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics and other public health crises, acts of war or terrorism, and other external events on our business;

•

other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory, and technological factors affecting our operations, pricing, products and services; and

•

other risks described elsewhere in this document and in the Company's other reports filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission, including its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (“2022 Form 10-K”).

Any of the forward-looking statements that we make in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and in other public reports and statements we make may turn out to be inaccurate as a result of our beliefs and assumptions we make in connection with the factors set forth above or because of other unidentified and unpredictable factors. Because of these and other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements and you should not rely on such statements. The Company undertakes no obligation to publish revised forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events or circumstances after the date hereof. These ~~risks~~factors could cause our actual results for ~~2022~~2023 and beyond to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements by or on behalf of us, and could negatively affect the Company’s consolidated financial condition, consolidated results of operations, liquidity and stock price performance.

~~Response to COVID-19~~

The Company maintains its commitment to supporting its community and clients during the COVID-19 pandemic and remains focused on keeping its employees safe and the Bank running effectively to serve its clients. As of ~~September 30, 2022~~, all Bank branches were open with normal hours. The Bank will continue to monitor branch access and occupancy levels in relation to cases and close contact scenarios and follow governmental restrictions and public health authority guidelines.

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Financial Condition at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~

2022

Assets - Total assets increased ~~$56.8~~$96.0 million to ~~$1.4~~$1.48 billion at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$1.3~~$1.38 billion at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. This increase was primarily due to increases in ~~investments held to maturity ("HTM") and~~ cash and cash equivalents, investments HTM and loans receivable, net, which were partially offset by a ~~decline~~decrease in investments ~~available for sale ("AFS").~~AFS. Changes in total assets are shown below.

Increase (Decrease)
(Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 $ %
Cash and Cash Equivalents $ 20,068 $ 27,623 $ (7,555) (27.4) %
Certificates of Deposits with Other Banks 1,100 1,100 — —
Investments AFS 591,550 682,849 (91,299) (13.4)
Investments HTM 137,969 23,507 114,462 486.9
Loans Receivable, Net 523,094 499,497 23,597 4.7
Accrued Interest Receivable 4,493 3,752 741 19.7
OREO 120 130 (10) (7.7)
Operating Lease ROU Assets 1,974 2,252 (278) (12.3)
Land Held for Sale 1,097 1,530 (433) (28.3)
Premises and Equipment, Net 27,424 25,237 2,187 8.7
FHLB Stock 651 586 65 11.1
BOLI 27,167 26,710 457 1.7
Goodwill 1,200 1,200 — —
Other Assets 20,074 5,241 14,833 283.0
Total Assets $ 1,357,981 $ 1,301,214 $ 56,767 4.4%

					Increase (Decrease)
	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022			$		%
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	84,223,575	$	28,502,364	$	55,721,211			195.5	%
Certificates of Deposits with Other Banks		1,100,045		1,100,045		—			—
Investments AFS		531,421,573		550,148,284		(18,726,711	)		(3.4	)
Investments HTM		174,136,215		167,437,616		6,698,599			4.0
Total Loans Receivable, Net		598,029,202		549,917,170		48,112,032			8.7
Accrued Interest Receivable		5,397,705		4,810,674		587,031			12.2
OREO		-		119,700		(119,700	)		(100.0	)
Operating Lease ROU Assets		1,518,473		1,860,997		(342,524	)		(18.4	)
Land Held for Sale		938,214		1,096,614		(158,400	)		(14.4	)
Premises and Equipment, Net		28,703,449		27,959,793		743,656			2.7
FHLB Stock		921,900		650,600		271,300			41.7
BOLI		27,787,273		27,318,098		469,175			1.7
Goodwill		1,199,754		1,199,754		—			—
Other Assets		21,952,627		19,244,454		2,708,173			14.1
Total Assets	$	1,477,330,005	$	1,381,366,163	$	95,963,842			6.9	%

Cash and cash equivalents ~~decreased $7.6~~increased $55.7 million or ~~27.4%~~195.5% to ~~$20.1~~$84.2 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to ~~$27.6~~$28.5 million at December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, as a result of increased deposits and borrowings during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Investments HTM increased $6.7 million to $174.1 million at September 30, 2023, from $167.4 million at December 31, 2022, as a result of purchases exceeding paydowns and maturities during the ~~purchase of investments HTM and funding of loans.~~nine months ended September 30, 2023. Investments AFS decreased ~~$91.3~~$18.7 million or ~~13.4%~~3.4% to ~~$591.6~~$531.4 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$682.8~~$550.1 million at December 31, ~~2021~~2022 as maturities and principal paydowns of investments AFS exceeded purchases during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022. Additionally, investments~~2023. Investments AFS ~~experienced~~experienced a ~~$46.7~~$4.7 million decrease in fair ~~value~~value during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Investments HTM increased $114.5 million to $138.0 million at September 30, 2022 from $23.5 million at December 31, 2021. The increase is primarily the result of the Company's investment of Emergency Capital Investment Program (“ECIP”) proceeds. For additional details on the ECIP, see “Note 17 - Preferred Stock” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I. Item 1 of this report.

~~Loans~~2023.

Total loans receivable, net, ~~including~~which includes loans held for sale, increased ~~$23.6~~$48.1 million or ~~4.7%~~8.7% to ~~$523.1~~$598.0 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$499.5~~$549.9 million at December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, primarily due to an increase in residential ~~real estate, commercial real estate and construction real estate~~mortgage loans originated during the period. ~~Loan~~All held for investment loan balances ~~in all loan categories~~ increased during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 with the exception of the commercial and agricultural loan category,~~2023 except for construction loans, which decreased ~~$13.2~~$11.3 million or ~~29.5%~~10.0% to ~~$31.5~~$101.5 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$44.7~~$112.8 million at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Commercial real estate loans increased ~~$19.0~~$4.0 million or ~~8.4%~~1.6% to ~~$246.8~~$256.2 million at September 30, 2023 from $252.2 million at December 31, 2022. Residential mortgage loans increased $49.9 million or 45.4% to $160.0 million at September 30, 2023 from $110.1 million at December 31, 2022. Consumer home equity lines of credit increased $1.6 million or 5.0% to $33.3 million at September 30, 2023 from $31.7 million at December 31, 2022. Other consumer loans increased $811,000 or 3.4% to $24.4 million at September 30, 2023 from $23.6 million at December 31, 2022. Loans held for sale increased $140,000 or 15.4% to $1.1 million at September 30, 2023 from $913,000 at December 31, 2022.

Premises and equipment, net increased $744,000 or 2.7% to $28.7 million at September 30, 2023 from $28.0 million at December 31, 2022 as a result of our newest branch which opened this year as well as improvements to existing branches.

Other assets increased $2.7 million or 14.1% to $22.0 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$227.8~~$19.2 million at December 31, 2021. Residential mortgage loans increased $12.4 million or 14.6% to $97.4 million at September 30, 2022 from $85.0 million at December 31, 2021. Construction real estate loans increased $4.1 million or 4.1% to $104.3 million at September 30, 2022 from $100.2 million at December 31, 2021.Consumer HELOC increased $1.3 million or 4.7% to $30.0 million at September 30, 2022 from $28.6 million at December 31, 2021. Other consumer loans increased $1.6 million or 7.7% to $23.1 million at September 30, 2022 from $21.4 million at December 31, 2021. Loans held for sale, decreased $1.9 million or 47.0% to $2.1 million at September 30, 2022 from $4.0 million at December 31, 2021.

Land held for sale decreased $433,000 during 2022 due to a write down in the value of the land based on a recent appraisal. Other assets increased $14.8 million or 283.0% to $20.1 million at September 30, 2022 from $5.2 million at December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily the result of a $14.9 million increase in net deferred taxes, which was related to increased unrealized losses in the investment portfolio at September 30, 2022.

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Liabilities

Deposit Accounts

Total deposits increased ~~$2.9~~$76.0 million or ~~0.3%~~6.8% to ~~$1.12~~$1.19 billion at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$1.12 billion at~~ December 31, ~~2021. This growth was~~2022 primarily due to increases in ~~checking~~higher cost certificates of deposit and ~~savings~~money market accounts, partially offset by ~~a decline~~decreases in ~~higher cost certificates of deposits.~~checking and savings accounts. The ~~majority~~Bank had $6.5 million and $6.0 million in brokered time deposits at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Most of the Bank’s deposits are originated within the Bank’s immediate market ~~area. The Bank had $6.0 million and $10.0 million in brokered time deposits at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The~~area; however, the Bank uses brokered time deposits to manage interest rate risk because they are accessible in bulk at rates typically only slightly higher than those in our market areas. A portion of these brokered time deposits give the Bank a call option that allows the Bank the choice to redeem them early should rates change. In addition, the Bank had ~~$5.0~~$5.0 million in other brokered deposits at both September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. At both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Bank had no deposit relationships greater than 5% of outstanding deposits. At September 30, 2023, approximately $305.1 million or 25.7% of our $1.19 billion deposit portfolio was uninsured. The uninsured amounts are estimates based on the methodologies and assumptions used for the Bank’s regulatory reporting requirements. For additional details of deposits, see “Note 9 – Deposits” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I. Item 1 of this report.

Borrowings

~~Shareholders’~~

The Bank had $69.2 million in borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (“FRB”) at September 30, 2023, compared to $44.1 million at December 31, 2022. During the first quarter of 2023, the Bank elected to participate in the Federal Reserve's Bank Term Funding Program (“BTFP”), allowing the Bank to refinance its existing FRB borrowings. The Bank also had $19.0 million in other borrowings at September 30, 2023, compared to $27.6 million and December 31, 2022, which consisted of short-term repurchase agreements with certain commercial demand deposit customers for sweep accounts. For additional information, see “Note 10 – Borrowings” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I. Item 1 of this report.

At both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had $5.2 million in junior subordinated debentures and $26.5 million in subordinated debentures outstanding, which are described in more detail in “Note 11 - Subordinated Debentures” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I. Item 1 of this report.

Shareholders’ Equity

Shareholders’ equity ~~increased $41.1~~decreased $1.2 million or ~~35.6%~~0.8% to ~~$156.6~~$159.0 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$115.5~~$160.2 million at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The ~~increase~~decrease was ~~primarily~~ attributable to a ~~$82.9~~$1.6 million ~~issuance~~adjustment to retained earnings related to the adoption of the Company’s Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series ECIP (the “Preferred Stock”) during the second quarter of 2022 and year to date net income of $6.9 million. The increase was partially offset by a $46.7 million decrease in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax, combined with $2.1ASC 326 on January 1, 2023, $1.3 million in dividends paid to common shareholders, $292,000 in Company stock repurchases, and a $4.7 increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022.~~2023. The ~~decrease~~increase in net accumulated other comprehensive ~~income,~~loss, net of tax, was related to the unrecognized loss in fair value of investments AFS during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023. The decreases in shareholders' equity were partially offset by year to date net income of $6.6 million.reflecting the increase in market interest rates during the year. For additional details on the issuance of the Preferred Stock pursuant to the ECIP, see “Note 17 - Preferred Stock” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I. Item 1 of this report.

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Results of Operations for the Quarters Ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~

2022

Net Income

Net income decreased ~~$1.4~~$1.1 million, or ~~30.5%~~34.2%, to $2.1 million or $0.65 per basic common share for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, compared to $3.2 million or $0.99 per basic common share for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 ~~compared to $4.6 million or $1.43 per basic common share for the quarter ended September 30, 2021.~~. The decrease in net income was ~~primarily due to no grant income received during~~ the ~~third quarter~~result of 2022 compared to a $1.8 million grant received in the third quarter of 2021 combined with the $665,000 reversal of provision for loan losses in the quarter ended September 30, 2021 compared to no provision or reversal for loan losses for the quarter ended September 30, 2022. In addition, non-interest expense increased $229,000, partially offsetting a $1.3 million increasedecreases in net interest income ~~for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same quarter in 2021.~~

~~Net Interest Income~~

~~Net interest~~and non-interest income increased $1.3 million, or 14.8%, to $10.1 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2022, compared to $8.8 million for the same quarter in 2021. During the quarter ended September 30, 2022, average interest-earning assets increased $194.0 million or 17.2% to $1.3 billion from $1.1 billion for the same quarter in 2021, while average interest-bearing liabilities increased $47.5 million or 5.5% to $914.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 from $866.6 million for the comparable quarter in 2021. The Company's net interest margin was 3.09% for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 compared to 3.16% for the comparable quarter in 2021. The Company's net interest spread on a tax equivalent basis was 2.93% for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 compared to 3.07% for the quarter ended September 30, 2021.

Loan yields in 2021 were impacted favorably as a result of recognition of unamortized deferred fee income on PPP loans forgiven and repaid by the SBA. Loan yields in 2022 were impacted favorably as a result of the rising interest rate environment.combined with higher non-interest expense. Since March 2022, in response to inflation, the Federal Open Market Committee (“~~FOMC”~~FMOC”) ~~of the Board of Governors~~ of the Federal Reserve ~~System (“Federal Reserve”)~~ has increased the target range for the federal funds rate by ~~300~~525 basis points, including ~~150~~25 basis points during the third quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, to a range of ~~3.00%~~5.25% to ~~3.25%~~5.50% as of September 30, ~~2022. In November 2022,~~2023. As the Federal Reserve continues to seek to control inflation without creating a recession, the FOMC ~~increased the target range for the federal funds rate another 75 basis points to a range of 3.75% to 4.00%. We believe our net interest margin~~has indicated further increases may be implemented during the current year will continue to increase to reflect the lagging benefit of variable rate interest-earnings assets beginning to reprice higher and if the FOMC continues to raise the targeted federal funds rate in an effort to curb inflation, which appears likely based on recent Federal Reserve communications and interest rate forecasts.

calendar 2023.

Net Interest Income

The following table compares detailed average balances, ~~associated~~average yields on interest-earning assets, average costs of interest-bearing liabilities and the resulting changes in interest income and expense for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021.~~2022. The average balances were derived from the daily balances throughout the periods indicated. The average yields or costs were calculated by dividing the income or expense by the average balance of the corresponding assets or liabilities. Nonaccrual loans are included in earning assets in the following table. Loan yields have been reduced to reflect the negative impact on our earnings of loans on nonaccrual status.

Quarter Ended September 30, Change in Average Balance Increase (Decrease) in Interest Income
2022 2021
(Dollars in thousands) Average Balance Interest Income
Yield(1)
Average Balance Interest Income
Yield(1)
Loans Receivable, Net $ 521,143 $ 6,306 4.84 % $ 505,191 $ 7,262 5.75 % $ 15,952 $ (956)
Taxable Investments 741,358 4,550 2.45 570,578 2,191 1.54 170,780 2,359
Non-taxable Investments (2)
44,685 417 3.73 43,814 281 2.56 871 136
Deposits with other Banks 13,569 94 2.78 7,148 3 0.19 6,421 91
Total Interest-Earning Assets $ 1,320,755 $ 11,367 3.44 % $ 1,126,731 $ 9,737 3.46 % $ 194,024 $ 1,630

~~(1)~~ ~~Annualized~~

~~(2)Tax~~ Interest income from non-taxable investments is calculated on a tax equivalent basis, which recognizes the income tax savings when comparing taxable and tax-exempt assets and was calculated using the effective tax rate for the quarters ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

	Quarter Ended September 30,
	2023							2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest		Yield/ Rate⁽¹⁾			Average Balance		Interest		Yield/ Rate⁽¹⁾
Interest-Earning Assets:
Loans Receivable, Net	$	600,465	$	8,402		5.60	%	$	521,143	$	6,306		4.84	%
Taxable Investments		694,058		7,558		4.36			741,358		4,550		2.45
Non-taxable Investments		20,557		190		3.71			44,685		417		3.73
Deposits with other Banks		57,387		703		4.90			13,569		94		2.78
Total Interest-Earning Assets	$	1,372,467	$	16,853		4.91	%	$	1,320,755	$	11,367		3.44	%
Interest-Bearing Liabilities:
Checking, Savings & Money Market Accounts	$	680,025	$	4,190		2.46	%	$	700,322	$	540		0.31	%
Certificates Accounts		228,016		1,879		3.30			139,841		136		0.39
Total Interest-Bearing Deposits		908,041		6,069		2.67			840,163		676		0.32
Other Borrowings⁽²⁾		88,215		862		3.91			39,099		44		0.45
Junior Subordinated Debentures		5,155		96		7.43			5,155		50		3.87
Subordinated Debentures		26,500		349		5.25			29,652		389		5.25
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities	$	1,027,911	$	7,376		2.87	%	$	914,069	$	1,159		0.51	%
Net Interest Rate Spread						2.04	%						2.93	%
Tax Equivalent Net Interest Income/Margin			$	9,477		2.76	%			$	10,208		3.09	%
Less: tax equivalent adjustment				31							74
Net Interest Income			$	9,446						$	10,134

(1)	Annualized

(2)	Includes FRB borrowings and repurchase agreements.

Net interest income decreased $688,000 or 6.8% to $9.4 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2023, compared to $10.1 million for the same quarter in 2022. During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, average interest-earning assets increased $51.7 million or 3.9% to $1.37 billion from $1.32 billion for the same quarter in 2022, while average interest-bearing liabilities increased $113.8 million or 12.5% to $1.0 billion for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 from $914.1 million for the comparable quarter in 2022. The Company's net interest margin was 2.76% for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 compared to 3.09% for the comparable quarter in 2022. The Company's net interest spread on a tax equivalent basis was 2.04% for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 compared to 2.93% for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 ~~and 2021. The tax equivalent adjustment relates to the tax exempt municipal bonds and was approximately $74,000 and $68,000 for the quarters ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.~~.

Table of Contents

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Interest Income

Total ~~tax equivalent~~tax-equivalent interest income ~~on average interest-earning assets~~ increased ~~$1.6~~$5.5 million or 48.3% to ~~$11.4~~$16.9 million for the quarter ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to ~~$9.7~~$11.4 million for the same period in ~~2021.~~

2022
.

Interest income on loans ~~decreased $956,000~~increased $2.1 million or ~~13.2%~~33.2% to ~~$6.3~~$8.4 million for the quarter ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$7.3~~$6.3 million for the third quarter of ~~2021.~~2022. The ~~decrease in loan interest income~~increase was the result of a 91$79.3 million increase in the average loan portfolio balance combined with a 76 basis point ~~decrease~~increase in the average yield on loans receivable ~~primarily due to a decrease in deferred~~AS ADJUSTABLE-RATE LOAns reset and new loans were originated at higher market interest ~~income on PPP loans recognized during the period. This decrease was partially offset by a $16.0 million increase in the average loan portfolio balance.~~

rates.

Interest income from taxable investments increased ~~$2.4~~$3.0 million or 66.1% to ~~$4.5~~$7.6 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2023, from $4.6 million for the third quarter of 2022, due to a 191 basis point increase in the average yield to 4.36%, reflecting higher market interest rates, which was partially offset by a $47.3 million decrease in the average balance of taxable investments. Tax equivalent interest income from non-taxable investments decreased $227,000 to $190,000 during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 primarily due to a $24.1 million decrease in the average balance of non-taxable investments.

Interest income from deposits with other banks increased $609,000 to $703,000 during the quarter ended September 30, 2023, from $94,000 for the third quarter of 2022, due to a ~~$170.8~~$43.8 million increase in the average balance of these assets combined with a 91212 basis point increase in the average ~~yield. Tax equivalent~~yield earned on these assets due to increased market interest ~~income from non-taxable investments~~rates.

Interest Expense

Total interest expense increased ~~$136,000~~$6.2 million or 536.4% to ~~$417,000 during~~$7.4 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 compared to $1.2 million for the same quarter in 2022 due to an increase in ~~the average yield on non-taxable investments.~~

~~Interest income from deposits~~market interest rates combined with ~~other banks increased $91,000 during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 due to~~ a ~~$6.4~~$113.8 million increase in the average balance of these ~~assets~~liabilities.

Interest expense on deposits increased $5.4 million to $6.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, from $676,000 for the third quarter of 2022, due to an increase of 235 basis points in the average cost combined with a ~~significant~~$67.9 million increase in the average ~~yield earned~~balance of interest-bearing deposit accounts, reflecting growth in higher cost money market and certificate of deposit accounts. Interest expense on ~~these assets. The~~FRB and other borrowings increased $818,000 to $862,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, from $44,000 for the third quarter of 2022, due to a $49.1 million increase in the average balance of these ~~assets was primarily related to the $82.9 million in cash received during the second quarter of 2022 from the sale of the Preferred Stock mentioned above.~~

~~Interest Expense~~

~~The following table compares detailed average balances, cost of funds, and the resulting changes in interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.~~

Quarter Ended September 30, Change in Average Balance Increase (Decrease) in Interest Expense
2022 2021
(Dollars in thousands) Average Balance Interest Expense
Cost(1)
Average Balance Interest Expense
Cost(1)
Checking, Savings & Money Market Accounts $ 700,322 $ 540 0.31 % $ 627,678 $ 191 0.12 % $ 72,644 $ 349
Certificates Accounts 139,841 136 0.39 165,084 185 0.45 (25,243) (49)
FHLB Advances & Other Borrowed Money (2)
39,099 44 0.45 38,676 51 0.52 423 (6)
Junior Subordinated Debentures 5,155 50 3.87 5,155 24 1.86 — 26
Subordinated Debentures 29,652 389 5.25 30,000 394 5.25 (348) (5)
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities $ 914,069 $ 1,159 0.51 % $ 866,593 $ 845 0.39 % $ 47,476 $ 315

~~(1)~~ ~~Annualized~~

~~(2)~~ ~~Includes FHLB Advances, FRB Borrowings and Repurchase Agreements~~

~~Total interest expense increased $315,000 or 37.3% to $1.2 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 compared to $845,000 for the same quarter in 2021 due to~~liabilities combined with an increase of 12346 basis points in the average cost of ~~interest bearing liabilities combined with a $47.5 million or 5.5% increase in the average balance of~~ these liabilities.

Interest expense on deposits increased $300,000 to $676,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 due to a $47.4 million increase in the average balance of interest bearing deposit accounts combined with a 13 basis point increase in the average cost of interest-bearing deposits during the third quarter of 2022 when compared to the same quarter in 2021. Interest expense on certificate accounts decreased $49,000 due to a decrease of $25.2 million in the average balance combined with a six basis point decrease in the average cost of certificate deposits during the third quarter of 2022, as management elected to utilize liquidity gained from lower cost deposits to reduce its balances of higher cost certificates of deposit in a managed reduction of these funds. Interest expense on all other interest-bearing deposits increased $349,000 during the quarter due to a $72.6 million increase in the average balance combined with a 19 basis point increase in the average cost. Interest expense on the junior subordinated debentures increased due to increased floating interest rates reflecting higher market interest rates.

~~SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations~~

Provision for ~~Loan~~Credit Losses

The amount of the provision ~~is determined by management’s on-going monthly analysis of the loan portfolio~~ and the adequacy of the allowance for ~~loan losses.~~credit losses for loans and unfunded commitments is determined by management’s on-going monthly analysis. The Company has policies and procedures in place for evaluating and monitoring the overall credit quality of the loan portfolio and for timely identification of potential problem loans including internal and external loan reviews. The adequacy of the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses is reviewed monthly by the Asset Classification Committee and quarterly by the Board of Directors. Management’s review of the adequacy of the allowance includes three main components.

~~The first component is~~

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments Accounting Standards Codification 326, which replaced the incurred loss methodology with the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. CECL requires an ~~analysis~~estimate of ~~loss potential in various homogeneous segments~~credit losses for the remaining estimated life of the financial asset using historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts and generally applies to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan ~~portfolio based on historical trends~~receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities, and some off-balance sheet credit exposures such as unfunded commitments to extend credit. Financial assets measured at amortized cost will be presented at the ~~risk inherent in each loan category. Currently, management applies a ten year historical loss ratio~~net amount expected to ~~each loan category to estimate~~be collected by using an allowance for credit losses. The transition adjustment of the ~~inherent loss in these pooled loans.~~

~~The second component~~adoption of management’s monthly analysis is the specific review and evaluation of significant problem credits identified through the Company’s internal monitoring system. These loans are evaluated for impairment and recorded in accordance with accounting guidance. For each loan deemed impaired, management calculates a specific reserve for the amount in which the recorded investmentCECL included an increase in the ~~loan exceeds the fair value. This estimate is based~~allowance for credit losses on ~~a thorough analysis~~loans of ~~the most probable source of repayment,~~$784,000, which is ~~typically liquidation of the collateral underlying the loan.~~

~~The third component is~~presented as a reduction to total loans outstanding, and an analysis of changes in qualitative factors that may affect the portfolio, including but not limited to: relevant economic trends that could impact borrowers’ ability to repay, industry trends, changesincrease in the ~~volume~~allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments of $1.2 million, which is recorded within "Other Liabilities." The adoption of CECL had an insignificant impact on the Company's investments HTM and ~~composition of~~investment AFS portfolios.

The Company did not record any provision for credit losses under the ~~portfolio, credit concentrations,~~CECL methodology during the quarter ended September 30, 2023, or ~~lending policies and the experience and ability of the staff and Board of Directors.~~

~~Management also reviews and incorporates certain ratios such as percentage of classified loans, average historical~~any provision for loan losses ~~by loan category, delinquency percentages, and~~under the ~~assignment~~Incurred Loss methodology during the quarter ended September 30, 2022. Net recoveries during the third quarter of ~~percentage targets of reserves in each loan category when evaluating the allowance. Once the analysis is completed, the three components are combined and~~2023 were $15,000 compared to net recoveries of $101,000 in the ~~allowance amount. Based on this, charges are made to the provision as needed. Because the SBA guarantees 100%~~third quarter of ~~the PPP loans made to eligible borrowers, these loans do not have a corresponding allowance for loan loss.~~

~~The table below shows~~2022. For additional information of the changes in the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses, see “Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies", "Note 6 - Investments, Available for ~~the quarters ended September 30, 2022~~Sale", "Note 7 - Investments, Held to Maturity, and ~~2021.~~

Quarter Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands) 2022 2021
Beginning Balance $ 11,198 $ 11,424
(Reversal of) Provision for Loan Losses — (665)
Charge-offs (54) (46)
Recoveries 155 459
Net Recoveries $ 101 $ 413
Ending Allowance for Loan Losses Balance $ 11,299 $ 11,172
At Period End: 9/30/2022 9/30/2021
Impaired Loans $ 2,047 $ 2,484
Gross Loans Receivable, Held For Investment (1)
$ 532,252 $ 508,184
Total Loans Receivable, Net $ 523,094 $ 500,601
Allowance For Loan Losses as a % of Impaired Loans 551.9 % 449.8 %
Allowance For Loan Losses as a % of Gross Loans Receivable (1)
2.1 % 2.2 %
(1) TOTAL LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT, NET OF DEFERRED FEES

The Company had net recoveries of $101,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 compared to net recoveries of $413,000 for the third quarter of 2021. There was no provision for loan losses for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 compared to a negative provision of $665,000 for the third quarter of 2021 following significantly higher loan loss provisions during 2020 in response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The reversal of loan loss provisions during the three months ended September 30, 2021 was the result of a reduction in historical loss and qualitative adjustment factors related to improvement in the economic and business conditions at both the national and regional levels as of September 30, 2021. Non-performing assets improved to $2.8 million, or 0.21% of total assets, at September 30, 2022 from $3.1 million, or 0.25% of total assets, at September 30, 2021.

~~SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations~~

Our strategy is to work with our borrowers to reach acceptable payment plans while protecting our interests in the existing collateral. In the event an acceptable arrangement cannot be reached, we may need to acquire these properties through foreclosure or other means and subsequently sell, develop or liquidate them. Management believes the allowance for loan losses is adequate based on its best estimates“Note 8 - Loans Receivable" of the ~~probable losses inherent~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the loan portfolio, although there can be no guarantee these estimates will not be proven incorrect in the future. In addition, bank regulatory agencies may require additional provisions to the allowance for loan losses based on their judgments and estimates as partPart I. Item 1 of their examination process. Because the allowance for loan losses is an estimate, there is no guarantee that actual loan losses will not exceed the allowance for loan losses, or that additional increases in the allowance for loan losses will not be required in the future. A further decline in national and local economic conditions, as a result of the effects of inflation, a potential recession or slowed economic growth and any governmental or societal responses to the COVID-19 pandemic among other factors, could result in a material increase in the allowance for loan losses and may adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

this report.

Non-Interest Income

Non-interest income decreased ~~$2.3 million,~~$56,000 or ~~50.9%,~~2.5% to $2.2 million for the quarter ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to ~~$4.5~~$2.2 million for the quarter ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2022. The decrease was primarily due to a ~~$645,000~~$152,000 decrease in gain on sale of loans reflecting the decline in originations of loans held for sale following recent market interest rate increases, ~~combined with a $1.8 million decrease in grant income. These decreases were~~which was partially offset by ~~increases~~a $94,000 increase in ~~all other non-interest~~trust income ~~line items with the exception of BOLI income, which decreased $4,000~~ during the quarter ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 when compared to the quarter ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2022. For additional details of the changes in non-interest income, see “Note 1514 - Non-Interest Income” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I. Item 1 of this report.

Table of Contents

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Non-Interest Expense

Non-interest expense increased ~~$229,000~~$646,000 or ~~2.8%~~7.8% to $8.9 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 compared to $8.3 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 ~~compared to $8.0 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2021.~~. The following table summarizes the changes in non-interest expense:

	Quarter Ended September 30,				Increase (Decrease)
	2023		2022		$			%
Compensation and Employee Benefits	$	4,962,028	$	5,019,920	$	(57,892	)		(1.2	)%
Occupancy		807,286		703,310		103,976			14.8	%
Advertising		256,218		153,460		102,758			67.0	%
Depreciation and Maintenance of Equipment		657,278		521,833		135,445			26.0	%
FDIC Insurance Premiums		153,732		87,858		65,874			75.0	%
Consulting		167,583		179,318		(11,735	)		(6.5	)%
Debit Card Expense		347,980		307,092		40,888			13.3	%
Data Processing		314,329		229,906		84,423			36.7	%
Other		1,257,359		1,074,988		182,371			17.0	%
Total Non-Interest Expense	$	8,923,793	$	8,277,685	$	646,108			7.8	%

The increase in non-interest expense was primarily due to increases in all non-interest expense line items except for compensation and employee benefits and consulting expense during the third quarter of 2023.

Most of the increases in non-interest expenses during the third quarter of 2023 were due to overall growth of the Company, increased operations and the addition of our newest branch in Augusta, Georgia which opened in April 2023. FDIC insurance premiums increased $66,000 or 75.0% to $154,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, COMPARED TO THE SAME PERIOD IN 2022, due to higher deposit insurance rates applied in 2023 compared to 2022. Other expenses increased $182,000 or 17.0% to $1.3 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022.

Provision For Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes decreased $287,000 or 33.5% to $568,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, from $855,000 for the same period in 2022, due to lower net income before taxes in 2023. Pre-tax net income was $2.7 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 compared to $4.1 million for the third quarter of 2022. The Company’s combined federal and state effective income tax rate was 21.1% and 20.9% for the quarters ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Table of Contents

Quarter Ended September 30, Increase (Decrease)
2022 2021 $ %
Compensation and Employee Benefits $ 5,019,920 $ 4,757,937 $ 261,983 5.5 %
Occupancy 703,310 641,555 61,755 9.6
Advertising 153,460 275,947 (122,487) (44.4)
Depreciation and Maintenance of Equipment 751,739 781,217 (29,478) (3.8)
FDIC Insurance Premiums 87,858 73,845 14,013 19.0
Net Cost of Operation of OREO 10,000 55,000 (45,000) (81.8)
Consulting 179,318 182,684 (3,366) (1.8)
Debit Card Expense 307,092 284,434 22,658 8.0
Telephone 97,204 100,113 (2,909) (2.9)
Postage 59,654 16,469 43,185 262.2
General Insurance 76,566 77,731 (1,165) (1.5)
Other 831,564 801,964 29,600 3.7
Total Non-Interest Expense $ 8,277,685 $ 8,048,896 $ 228,789 2.8 %

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Net Income

Net income decreased $364,000, or 5.3%, to $6.6 million or $2.02 per basic common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $6.9 million or $2.13 per basic common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to an increase in non-interest expense combined with a decrease in non-interest income, partially offset by an increase in net interest income due to an increase in market interest rates and, to a lesser extent, higher average balances of investments and loans receivable, net.

Net Interest Income

The following table compares detailed average balances, average yields on interest-earning assets, average costs of interest-bearing liabilities and the resulting changes in interest income and expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The average balances were derived from the daily balances throughout the periods indicated. The average yields or costs were calculated by dividing the income or expense by the average balance of the corresponding assets or liabilities. Nonaccrual loans are included in earning assets in the following table. Loan yields have been reduced to reflect the negative impact on our earnings of loans on nonaccrual status. Interest income from non-taxable investments is calculated on a tax equivalent basis, which recognizes the income tax savings when comparing taxable and tax-exempt assets and was calculated using the effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023							2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest		Yield/ Rate ⁽¹⁾			Average Balance		Interest		Yield/ Rate ⁽¹⁾
Interest-Earning Assets:
Loans Receivable, Net	$	589,100	$	23,884		5.41	%	$	518,436	$	18,608		4.79	%
Taxable Investments		695,495		21,025		4.03			696,283		9,720		1.86
Non-taxable Investments		20,802		575		3.69			44,633		1,086		3.25
Deposits with other Banks		32,996		1,205		4.87			18,545		151		1.08
Total Interest-Earning Assets	$	1,338,393	$	46,689		4.65	%	$	1,277,897	$	29,565		3.08	%
Interest-Bearing Liabilities:
Checking, Savings & Money Market Accounts	$	674,749	$	10,246		2.02	%	$	700,580	$	998		0.19	%
Certificates Accounts		200,626		3,910		2.60			150,670		420		0.37
Total Interest-Bearing Deposits		875,375		14,156		2.16			851,250		1,418		0.22
Other Borrowings⁽²⁾		85,820		2,313		3.59			41,374		91		0.29
Junior Subordinated Debentures		5,155		266		6.89			5,155		111		2.87
Subordinated Debentures		26,500		1,045		5.25			29,883		1,177		5.25
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities	$	992,850	$	17,780		2.39	%	$	927,662	$	2,797		0.40	%
Net Interest Rate Spread						2.26	%						2.68	%
Tax Equivalent Net Interest Income/Margin			$	28,909		2.88	%			$	26,768		2.79	%
Less: tax equivalent adjustment				96							184
Net Interest Income			$	28,813						$	26,584

(1)	Annualized

(2)	Includes FRB borrowings and repurchase agreements.

Net interest income increased $2.2 million or 8.4% to $28.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $26.6 million for the same period in 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, average interest-earning assets increased $60.5 million or 4.7% to $1.34 billion from $1.28 billion for the same period in 2022, while average interest-bearing liabilities increased $65.2 million or 7.0% to $992.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $927.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The Company's net interest margin was 2.88% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to 2.79% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The Company's net interest spread on a tax equivalent basis was 2.26% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to 2.68% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Table of Contents

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Interest Income

Total tax-equivalent interest income increased $17.1 million or 57.9% to $46.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $29.6 million for the same period in 2022.

Interest income on loans increased $5.3 million or 28.4% to $23.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $18.6 million for the first nine months of 2022. The increase was the result of a $70.7 million increase in the average loan portfolio balance combined with a 62 basis point increase in the average yield on loans receivable AS ADJUSTABLE-RATE LOANS RESET AND NEW LOANS WERE ORIGINATED AT HIGHER MARKET INTEREST RATES.

Interest income from taxable investments increased $11.3 million or 116.3% to $21.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $9.7 million for the first nine months of 2022, due to a 217 basis point increase in the average yield to 4.03%, REFLECTING HIGHER MARKET INTEREST RATES, which was partially offset by a $788,000 decrease in the average balance of taxable investments. Tax equivalent interest income from non-taxable investments decreased $511,000 to $575,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, due to a $23.8 million decrease in the average balance of non-taxable investments, partially offset by a 44 basis point increase in the average yield to 3.69%.

Interest income from deposits with other banks increased $1.1 million to $1.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due to a 157 basis point increase in the average yield earned on these assets reflecting higher market rates and, to a lesser extent, a $14.5 million increase in the average balance of these assets.

Interest Expense

Total interest expense increased $15.0 million or 535.5% to $17.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $2.8 million for the same period in 2022, due to an increase in market interest rates combined with a $65.2 million increase in the average balance of these liabilities.

Interest expense on deposits increased $12.7 million to $14.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $1.4 million for the first nine months of 2022, due to an increase of 194 basis points in the average cost combined with a $24.1 million increase in the average balance of interest-bearing deposit accounts. Interest expense on FRB and other borrowings increased $2.2 million to $2.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, due to a $44.4 million increase in the average balance of these liabilities combined with an increase of 330 basis points in the average cost of these liabilities. Interest expense on the junior subordinated debentures increased $155,000 due to increased floating interest rates reflecting higher market interest rates.

Provision for Credit Losses

The Company recorded a $221,000 provision for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and no provision for credit losses of the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The Company adopted the CECL methodology effective January 1, 2023. The increase in the provision was primarily due to loan growth. Net recoveries during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $10,000 compared to net recoveries of $212,000 during the same period in 2022.

Non-Interest Income

Non-interest income decreased $846,000 or 11.3% to $6.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $7.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a $981,000 decrease in gain on sale of loans reflecting the decline in originations of loans held for sale following recent market interest rate increases. In addition, there was no grant income recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $171,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. These decreases were partially offset by increases in trust income and ATM and check card fee income.

Trust income increased $213,000 or 19.7% to $1.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, due to an increase in assets under management. ATM and check card fee income increased $179,000 or 8.5% to $2.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, due to a new interchange service provider that pays the Bank more fees per transaction. For additional details of the changes in non-interest income, see “Note 14 - Non-Interest Income” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I. Item 1 of this report.

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Non-Interest Expense

Non-interest expense increased $1.6 million or 6.2% to $26.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $25.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The following table summarizes the changes in non-interest expense:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Increase (Decrease)
	2023		2022		$			%
Compensation and Employee Benefits	$	15,226,913	$	14,981,146	$	245,767			1.6	%
Occupancy		2,386,442		2,110,746		275,696			13.1	%
Advertising		762,614		693,389		69,225			10.0	%
Depreciation and Maintenance of Equipment		1,843,625		1,670,857		172,768			10.3	%
FDIC Insurance Premiums		461,541		284,083		177,458			62.5	%
Write-down of Land Held for Sale		—		433,077		(433,077	)		(100.0	)%
Consulting		523,314		513,299		10,015			2.0	%
Debit Card Expense		1,036,913		917,225		119,688			13.0	%
Data Processing		942,406		732,497		209,909			28.7	%
Other		3,679,256		2,964,759		714,497			24.1	%
Total Non-Interest Expense	$	26,863,024	$	25,301,078	$	1,561,946			6.2	%

The increase in non-interest expense was primarily due to increases in compensation and employee benefits, ~~and~~ occupancy expense and other non-interest expenses during the ~~third quarter~~first nine months of ~~2022,~~2023, which were partially offset by a decrease in ~~advertising expense.~~

write-downs of land held for sale.

Compensation and employee benefits increased ~~$262,000~~$246,000 or ~~5.5%~~1.6% to ~~$5.0~~$15.2 million for the ~~quarter~~nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 when~~2023, compared to the ~~quarter~~nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022, due to general annual cost of living increases, ~~and~~ an increase in the number of full time equivalent employees as a result of our newest branch ~~added during the first quarter of 2022~~location which opened in Augusta, Georgia, in April 2023, and the overall growth of the Company. Occupancy ~~expense~~ and other non-interest ~~expense~~expenses also increased during the ~~third quarter~~first nine months of ~~2022~~2023 due to increased operations and the addition of our ~~newest~~new branch ~~located~~ in ~~Columbia, South Carolina.~~Augusta, Georgia.

FDIC insurance premiums increased $177,000 or 62.5% to $462,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due to increased deposit insurance rates applied in 2023 compared to 2022.

Provision For Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes decreased $34,000 or 1.9% to $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $1.8 million for the same period in 2022, due to lower net income before taxes in 2023. Pre-tax net income was $8.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $8.7 million for the first nine months of 2022. The Company’s combined federal and state effective income tax rate was 21.3% and 20.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

~~Provision For Income Taxes~~

The provision for income taxes decreased $472,000 or 35.6% to $855,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 from $1.3 million for the same period in 2021 due to lower net income before taxes in 2022. Pre-tax net income was $4.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 compared to $6.0 million for the third quarter of 2021. The Company’s combined federal and state effective income tax rate was 20.9% and 22.2% for the quarters ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

~~SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations~~

~~Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021~~

~~Net Income~~

Net income decreased $3.8 million or 35.4% to $6.9 million or $2.13 per common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $10.7 million or $3.30 per common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease in net income was primarily due to the reversal of $2.3 million in loan loss reserves during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to no provision or reversal for loan losses recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. A decrease in non-interest income and increase in non-interest expenses also contributed to lower net income during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 when compared to the same period last year.

~~Net Interest Income~~

Net interest income increased $2.0 million or 8.1% to $26.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $24.6 million for the same period last year. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, average interest earning assets increased $164.5 million or 14.8% to $1.3 billion from $1.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Average interest-bearing liabilities also increased by $58.0 million or 6.7% to $927.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 from $869.7 million for the same period in 2021. The Company's net interest margin fell 18 basis points to 2.79% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to 2.97% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The net interest spread on a tax equivalent basis fell 20 basis points to 2.68% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 from 2.88% for the comparable period in 2021.

~~Interest Income~~

~~The following table compares detailed average balances, associated yields, and the resulting changes in interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:~~

Nine Months Ended September 30, Change in Average Balance Increase (Decrease) in Interest Income
2022 2021
(Dollars in Thousands) Average Balance Interest Income
Yield(1)
Average Balance Interest Income
Yield(1)
Loans Receivable, Net $ 518,436 $ 18,608 4.79 % $ 508,693 $ 20,039 5.25 % $ 9,743 $ (1,431)
Taxable Investments 696,283 9,720 1.86 556,001 6,409 1.54 140,282 3,310
Non-taxable Investments(2)
44,633 1,086 3.25 44,014 1,230 3.73 619 (144)
Deposits with other Banks 18,545 151 1.08 4,672 6 0.18 13,873 144
Total Interest-Earning Assets $ 1,277,897 $ 29,565 3.08 % $ 1,113,380 $ 27,684 3.32 % $ 164,517 $ 1,879

~~(1)~~ ~~Annualized~~

~~(2)~~Tax equivalent basis recognizes the income tax savings when comparing taxable and tax-exempt assets and was calculated using an effective tax rate of 21% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The tax equivalent adjustment relates to the tax exempt municipal bonds and was approximately $184,000 and $202,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Total tax equivalent interest income increased $1.9 million to $29.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $27.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to an increase in interest income from taxable investments, which was partially offset by a decrease in interest income from loans. Total interest income on loans decreased $1.4 million or 7.1% to $18.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 from $20.0 million for the same period in 2021. The decrease was a result of a 46 basis point decrease in the average yield on loans receivable, which was primarily driven by the recognition of $3.3 million in fee income related to PPP loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease was partially offset by a $9.7 million or 1.9% increase in the average loan balance.

Interest income from taxable investment securities increased $3.3 million or 51.6% to $9.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 from $6.4 million for the same period in 2021. The increase was the result of a $140.3 million increase in the average balance of taxable investments, primarily HTM, combined with an increase of 32 basis points in the average yield earned on taxable investment securities. Tax equivalent interest income from non-taxable investment securities decreased $144,000 or 11.7% to $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

~~SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES~~
~~Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations~~

Interest income from deposits with other banks increased $144,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to a $13.9 million increase in the average balance of these assets, primarily due to the cash received for the sale of the Company's Preferred Stock, combined with an increase of 90 basis points in the average yield.

~~Interest Expense~~

~~The following table compares detailed average balances, cost of funds on an annualized basis, and the resulting changes in interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:~~

Nine Months Ended September 30, Change in Average Balance Change in Interest Expense
2022 2021
(Dollars in Thousands) Average Balance Interest Expense Cost of Funds Average Balance Interest Expense Cost of Funds
Checking, Savings & Money Market Accounts $ 700,580 $ 998 0.19 % $ 598,496 $ 542 0.12 % $ 102,084 $ 456
Certificates Accounts 150,670 420 0.37 176,589 716 0.54 (25,919) (296)
FHLB Advances & Other Borrowed Money (1)
41,374 91 0.29 59,429 389 0.87 (18,055) (298)
Junior Subordinated Debentures 5,155 111 2.87 5,155 73 1.89 — 38
Subordinated Debentures 29,883 1,177 5.25 30,000 1,181 5.25 (117) (4)
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities $ 927,662 $ 2,797 0.40 % $ 869,669 $ 2,901 0.44 % $ 57,993 $ (104)

~~(1)~~ ~~Includes FHLB Advances, FRB Borrowings and Repurchase Agreements~~

Interest expense decreased $104,000 or 3.5% to $2.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $2.9 million for the same period in 2021. The decrease in total interest expense was attributable to a decrease of four basis points in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities, which was partially offset by a $58.0 million or 6.7% increase in the average balance of these liabilities.

Interest expense on deposits increased $161,000 to $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to a $76.2 million increase in the average balance of interest bearing deposit accounts. Interest expense on certificate accounts decreased $296,000 due to a $25.9 million decrease in the average balance combined with a 17 basis point decrease in the average cost of certificate deposits during the first nine months of 2022, as management elected to utilize liquidity gained from lower cost deposits to reduce its balances of higher cost certificates of deposit in a managed reduction of these funds. Interest expense on all other interest-bearing deposits increased $457,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to a $102.1 million increase in the average balance combined with a seven basis point increase in the average cost.

Interest expense on FHLB advances and other borrowed money decreased $298,000 or 76.5% to $91,000 from $389,000 due to a $18.1 million or 30.4% decrease in the average balance combined with a decline of 58 basis points in the average cost of these liabilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 when compared to the same period last year.

~~Provision for Loan Losses~~
There was no provision for loan losses recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to a reversal of provision expense of $2.3 million for the same period in 2021. The negative provision during 2021 resulted from a reduction in qualitative adjustment factors due to the improvement in the economic and business conditions at both the national and regional levels as of September 30, 2021 following significantly higher loan loss provisions during 2020 in response to the potential and unknown economic impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. For additional details related to the provision for loan losses and changes in the allowance for loan losses, see "Note 8 - Loans Receivable, Net” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I. Item 1 of this report.

40

~~SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES~~
~~Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations~~

~~Non-Interest Income~~

Non-interest income decreased $2.5 million or 25.3% to $7.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $10.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The following table summarizes the changes in the components of non-interest income:

Nine Months Ended September 30, Increase (Decrease)
2022 2021 $ %
Gain on Sale of Loans $ 1,511,905 $ 3,022,755 $ (1,510,850) (50.0) %
Service Fees on Deposit Accounts 809,287 702,548 106,739 15.2
Commissions From Insurance Agency 620,779 468,083 152,696 32.6
Trust Income 1,084,249 1,005,517 78,732 7.8
BOLI Income 457,202 485,000 (27,798) (5.7)
ATM & Check Card Fee Income 2,109,173 1,811,216 297,957 16.5
Grant Income 170,699 1,826,265 (1,655,566) 100.0
Other 702,135 669,379 32,756 4.9
Total Non-Interest Income $ 7,465,429 $ 9,990,763 $ (2,525,334) (25.3) %
The decrease in non-interest income was primarily attributable to a decreases in gain on sale of loans and grant income, which was partially offset by increases in every other non-interest income line item with the exception of BOLI income, which decreased $28,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Gain on sale of loans decreased $1.5 million or 50.0% to $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $3.0 million during the same period in 2021 as the dollar volume of loans sold decreased. Commissions from insurance subsidiary increased $153,000 to $621,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to an increase in the number of insurance policies sold. ATM & Check Card Fee income increased $298,000 primarily due to an increase in debit card usage.
~~Non-Interest Expense~~
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, non-interest expense increased $2.2 million or 9.5% to $25.3 million compared to $23.1 million for the same period in 2021. The table below summarizes the changes in the components of non-interest expense.

Nine Months Ended September 30, Increase (Decrease)
2022 2021 $ %
Compensation and Employee Benefits $ 14,981,146 $ 14,145,363 $ 835,783 5.9 %
Occupancy 2,110,746 1,922,369 188,377 9.8
Advertising 693,389 671,186 22,203 3.3
Depreciation and Maintenance of Equipment 2,278,890 2,354,958 (76,068) (3.2)
FDIC Insurance Premiums 284,083 215,181 68,902 32.0
Net Cost (Recovery) of Operation of OREO 10,000 (115,840) 125,840 (108.6)
Change in Value of Land HFS 433,077 — 433,077 100.0
Consulting 513,299 512,998 301 0.1
Debit Card Expense 917,225 859,357 57,868 6.7
Telephone 291,069 313,229 (22,160) (7.1)
Postage 182,202 147,600 34,602 23.4
General Insurance 257,577 248,691 8,886 3.6
Other 2,348,375 1,829,544 518,831 28.4
Total Non-Interest Expense $ 25,301,078 $ 23,104,636 $ 2,196,442 9.5 %

41

~~SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES~~
~~Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations~~

Compensation and employee benefits expenses increased $836,000 or 5.9% to $15.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $14.1 million during the same period last year primarily due to annual cost of living increases and an increase in the number of full time equivalent employees as a result of our newest branch added during the first quarter of 2022 and the overall growth of the Company. Occupancy expense and advertising also increased due to the addition of our newest branch located in Columbia, South Carolina.
The Company had $10,000 in write-down expenses on OREO properties during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to a net recovery of $116,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This line item includes all income and expenses associated with OREO, including gain or loss on sales and write-downs in value during each period.

Land held for sale decreased $433,000 during 2022 due to a write down in the value of the land based on a recent appraisal. Other non-interest expense increased $519,000 or 28.4% to $2.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $1.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 due to increased operations and the opening of our newest branch in 2022.

~~Provision For Income Taxes~~
The provision for income taxes decreased $1.2 million or 39.6% to $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 from $3.0 million for the same period in 2021 primarily due to higher pre-tax income in 2021. Income before taxes was $8.7 million and $13.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company’s combined federal and state effective income tax rate was 20.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to 21.8% for the same period in 2021.

42

~~SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES~~
~~Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations~~

Liquidity Commitments, Capital Resources, and Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

~~The Company~~

We actively ~~analyzes~~analyze and ~~manages the Bank’s~~manage liquidity with the objective of maintaining an adequate level of liquidity and to ensure the availability of sufficient cash flows to support loan growth, fund deposit withdrawals, fund operations, and satisfy other financial commitments. See the “Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows” contained in Item 1 – Financial Statements, herein.

The Bank's primary sources of funds include deposits, scheduled loan and investment securities repayments, including interest payments, maturities and sales of loans and investment securities, advances from the ~~FHLB and~~ FRB, and cash flow generated from operations. The sources of funds, together with retained earnings and equity, are used to make loans, acquire investment securities and other assets, and fund continuing operations. While maturities and the scheduled amortization of loans are a predictable source of funds, deposit flows and mortgage repayments are greatly influenced by the level of interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. Management believes that the Company’s current liquidity position and its forecasted operating results are sufficient to fund all of its existing ~~commitments.~~commitments. The Bank had ~~$173.0~~$173.1 million in unused commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit at September 30, ~~2022.~~2023.

During the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, loan disbursements exceeded loan repayments resulting in a ~~$23.6~~$48.1 million or ~~4.7%~~8.7% increase in total net loans receivable. Also, during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, deposits increased ~~$2.9~~$76.0 million or ~~0.3%~~6.8%. The Bank had no outstanding FHLB advances at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 with ~~$401.7~~$422.4 million in ~~additional~~total borrowing capacity at the FHLB at that date. The Bank had ~~$1.0~~$69.2 million of outstanding borrowings from the ~~discount window facility~~BTFP at ~~the FRB at~~ September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, which was collateralized by investments ~~AFS~~ with a fair market value of ~~$70.4~~$329.4 million at that date. The Bank also had a ~~$50.0~~$50.0 million unused Fed Funds facility with Pacific Coast Bankers Bank at September 30, ~~2022.~~2023. Subject to market conditions, we expect to utilize these borrowing facilities from time to time in the future to fund loan originations and deposit withdrawals, to satisfy other financial commitments, repay maturing debt and to take advantage of investment opportunities to the extent feasible. ~~As discussed above, on May 24, 2022,~~

The Bank's liquid assets in the ~~Company sold $89.4~~form of cash and cash equivalents, certificates of deposits with other banks and investments AFS totaled $616.5 million at September 30, 2023. Certificates of ~~Preferred Stock~~deposit that are scheduled to mature in less than one year from September 30, 2023 totaled $195.1 million. Historically, the ~~U.S. Department~~Bank has been able to retain a significant amount of ~~Treasury pursuant to the ECIP.~~

its deposits as they mature.

~~The Company~~Security Federal is a separate legal entity from the Bank and must provide for its own liquidity. At September 30, ~~2022, the Company, on an unconsolidated basis,~~2023, Security Federal had liquid assets of ~~$94.5~~$27.0 million. In addition to its operating expenses, ~~the Company~~Security Federal is responsible for paying any dividends declared, if any, to its shareholders, funds paid for ~~Company~~Security Federal stock repurchases, and payments on trust-preferred securities and subordinated debentures held at the Company level. ~~The Company has the ability to receive~~Security Federal's main source of funds are dividends or capital distributions from the Bank, although there are regulatory restrictions on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends. We currently expect to continue our current practice of paying quarterly cash dividends on our common stock subject to our Board of Directors’ discretion to modify or terminate this practice at any time and for any reason without prior notice. Our current quarterly common stock dividend rate is ~~$0.12~~$0.13 per share ~~as approved by our Board of Directors,~~ which we believe is a dividend rate per share which enables us to balance our multiple objectives of managing and investing in the Bank, and returning a substantial portion of our cash to our shareholders. Assuming continued payment during ~~2022~~2023 at this rate of ~~$0.12~~$0.13 per share, our average total dividend paid each quarter would be approximately ~~$390,000~~$423,000 based on the number of outstanding shares at September 30, ~~2022.~~

2023At.

In addition, in June 2023, the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program for the purchase of up to three percent, or approximately 97,612 shares, of the Company’s outstanding common stock as of that date. In general, stock-repurchase plans allow us to proactively manage our capital position and return excess capital to shareholders. During the quarter ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company repurchased 12,700 shares of its common stock at an aggregate cost of $292,000, leaving 84,912 shares available for further repurchase under the June 2023 stock repurchase program at September 30, 2023. The repurchase program does not obligate the Company to purchase any particular number of shares. For additional information, see Part II, Item 2 - “Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.”

At September 30, 2023, the Bank exceeded all regulatory capital requirements with Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (CET1), Tier 1 leverage-based capital, Tier 1 risk-based capital, and total risk-based capital ratios of ~~17.86%~~18.1%, ~~10.32%~~10.1%, ~~17.86%~~18.1%, and ~~19.11%~~19.3%, respectively.To be categorized as “well capitalized” under the prompt corrective action provisions the Bank must maintain minimum CET1, total risk based capital, Tier 1 risk-based capital and Tier 1 leverage capital ratios of 6.5%, 10.0%, 8.0% and 5.0%, respectively. In addition to the minimum capital requirements, the Bank must maintain a capital conservation buffer, which consists of additional CET1 capital greater than 2.5% of risk weighted assets above the required minimum levels ~~in order~~ to avoid limitations on paying dividends, repurchasing shares, and paying discretionary bonuses. At September 30, ~~2022~~2023 the Bank’s conservation buffer wawas 11.3%~~s 11.1%~~. ForFor additional details, see “Note 12 - Regulatory Matters” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I. Item 1 of this report.

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and rates. The Company’s market risk arises principally from interest rate risk inherent in its lending, investment, deposit and borrowing activities. Management actively monitors and manages its interest rate risk exposure. Although the Company manages other risks such as credit quality and liquidity risk in the normal course of business, management considers interest rate risk to be its most significant market risk that could potentially have the largest material effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. Other types of market risks such as foreign currency exchange rate risk and commodity price do not arise in the normal course of the Company’s business activities.

The Company’sprofitability is affected by fluctuations in the market interest rate. Management’s goal is to maintain a reasonable balance between exposure to interest rate fluctuations and earnings. A sudden and substantial increase or decrease in interest rates may adversely impact the Company’s earnings to the extent that the interest rates on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities do not change at the same rate, to the same extent or on the same basis. The Company monitors the impact of changes in interest rates on its net interest income using a test that measures the impact on net interest income and net portfolio value of an immediate change in interest rates in 100 basis point increments. Net portfolio value is defined as the net present value of assets, liabilities, and off-balance sheet contracts. There were no material changes in information concerning market risk from the information provided in the Company’s ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K.

For the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Bank's interest rate spread, defined as the average yield on ~~interest bearing~~interest-earning assets less the average rate paid on ~~interest bearing~~interest-bearing liabilities, was ~~2.68%~~2.26%.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures: An evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a - 15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Act”)) was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and several other members of the Company’s senior management as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that at September 30, 2022 the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Act is (i) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management (including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer) in a timely manner, and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.

(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting: There have been no significant changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to affect our internal controls over financial reporting

(a)

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures: An evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a - 15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Act”)) was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and several other members of the Company’s senior management as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that at September 30, 2023 the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Act is (i) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management (including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer) in a timely manner, and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.

(b)

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting: There have been no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

The Company does not expect that its disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all error and or fraud. A control procedure, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control procedure are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control procedures, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any control procedure also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control procedure, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

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SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Part II: Other Information

Item 1Legal Proceedings

The Company is not engaged in any legal proceedings of a material nature at the present time. From time to time, the Company is a party to legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business wherein it enforces its security interest in mortgage loans it has made.

Item 1ARisk Factors

There have been no material changes in the Risk Factors previously disclosed in Item 1A of the Company's ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K.

Item 2Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, ~~and~~ Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

~~None~~

(a) Not applicable

(b) Not applicable

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Repurchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan or Program		Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Repurchased Under the Plan or Program ⁽¹⁾
July 1, 2023 - July 31, 2023		0				0		97,612
August 1, 2023 - August 31, 2023		12,700	$	23.00		12,700		84,912
September 1, 2023 - September 30, 2023		0				0		84,912
Total for the quarter		12,700				12,700

(1)

On June 23, 2023, the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program for the purchase of up to three percent, or approximately 97,612 shares, of the Company’s outstanding common stock as of that date. The June 2023 repurchase program does not have a set expiration date and will expire upon repurchase of the full amount of authorized shares. The repurchase program may be suspended, terminated or modified at any time for any reason, including market conditions, the cost of repurchasing shares, the availability of alternative investment opportunities, liquidity, and other factors deemed appropriate.

Item 3Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5Other Information

~~None~~

(a) Nothing to report.

(b) Nothing to report.

Table of Contents

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Item 6Exhibits

3.1
~~3.1~~			Articles of Incorporation, as amended (1)
3.2		Amended and Restated Bylaws (2)
3.3		Certificate of Designations Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series ECIP (3)
4.1		Form of Stock Certificate of the Company and other instruments defining the rights of security holders, including indentures ~~(3)~~(4)
4.2		Form of Certificate for Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series ECIP (3)
10.1		~~1993 Salary Continuation Agreements (5)~~
~~10.2~~			~~Amendment One to 1993 Salary Continuation Agreements (6)~~
~~10.3~~			Form of 2006 Salary Continuation Agreement ~~(7)~~ (5)
~~10.4~~ 10.2		Form of Security Federal Split Dollar Agreement (7) (5)
~~10.5~~ 10.3		2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (8) (6)
~~10.6~~ 10.4		~~Form of Compensation Modification Agreement (9)~~
~~10.7~~			Letter Agreement, ~~Dated~~dated May 24, 2022 between Security Federal Corporation andthe U.S. Department of Treasury,with respect to the issuance of Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series ECIP (3)
31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
32		Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
101		The following materials from Security Federal Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language ~~(XBRL)~~(iXBRL): (a) Consolidated Balance Sheets; (b) Consolidated Statements of Income; (c) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive ~~Loss;~~Income (Loss); (d) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity; (e) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (f) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and included in Exhibit 101)

~~_______________________~~

(1) Filed on June 26, 1998, as an exhibit to the Company’s Proxy Statement and incorporated herein by reference.

(2) Filed on January 16, 2015 as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 15, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference.

(3) Filed on May 24, 2022 as an exhibit to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 18, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.

(4) Filed on August 12, 1987, as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A and incorporated herein by reference.

(5) ~~Filed on June 28, 1993, as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB and incorporated herein by reference.~~

~~(6) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended September 30, 1993 and incorporated herein by reference.~~

~~(7)~~ Filed on May 24, 2006 as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report Statement and incorporated on Form 8-K dated May 18, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference.

~~(8)~~

(6) Filed on March ~~2, 2000,~~28, 2018, as an exhibit to the Company's ~~Registration~~Proxy Statement ~~on Form S-8~~dated March 20, 2018 and incorporated herein by ~~reference~~

~~(9) Filed on January 3, 2003, as an exhibit to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 and incorporated herein by~~ reference.

Table of Contents

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

~~SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION~~

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION

~~Date:~~

Date:

November ~~14, 2022~~13, 2023

By:

/s/J. Chris Verenes

J. Chris Verenes

Chief Executive Officer

Duly Authorized Representative

Date:

November 13, 2023

By:

~~Date:~~

~~November 14, 2022~~

~~By:~~

/s/Darrell Rains

Darrell Rains

Chief Financial Officer

Duly Authorized Representative

FROM:		TO:
~~FROM:~~						~~TO:~~



PART I.			FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)	PAGE NO.

Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited):	3

	Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022	3

	Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022	4

	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) ~~Income~~ for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022	5

	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022	6

	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022	7

	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	30 31

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	44 42

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	44 42

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
~~Item 1.~~	~~Legal Proceedings~~	45
Item ~~1A.~~1.	~~Risk Factors~~ Legal Proceedings	45 43

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	43

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, ~~and~~ Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	45 43

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	45 43

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	45 43
~~Item 5.~~	~~Other Information~~	45
Item 6.5.	~~Exhibits~~ Other Information	46 43
	~~Signatures~~	47
Item 6.	Exhibits	44

	Signatures	45

	*September 30, 2023*			December 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)			(Audited)
ASSETS:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	84,223,575		$	28,502,364
Certificates of Deposit with Other Banks		1,100,045			1,100,045
Investments:
Available For Sale ("AFS")		531,421,573			550,148,284
Held To Maturity ("HTM") Net of Allowance for Credit Losses of $0 (Fair Value of $166,638,696 and $161,463,573 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Respectively)		174,136,215			167,437,616
Total Investments		705,557,788			717,585,900
Loans Receivable, Net:
Held For Sale		1,053,486			913,258
Held For Investment (Net of Allowance for Credit Losses of $12,348,125 and $11,177,753 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Respectively)		596,975,716			549,003,912
Total Loans Receivable, Net		598,029,202			549,917,170
Accrued Interest Receivable:
Loans		1,548,714			1,462,039
Investments		3,848,991			3,348,635
Total Accrued Interest Receivable		5,397,705			4,810,674
Operating Lease Right-of-Use ("ROU") Assets		1,518,473			1,860,997
Land Held for Sale		938,214			1,096,614
Premises and Equipment, Net		28,703,449			27,959,793
Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") Stock, at Cost		921,900			650,600
Other Real Estate Owned ("OREO")		—			119,700
Bank Owned Life Insurance ("BOLI")		27,787,273			27,318,098
Goodwill		1,199,754			1,199,754
Other Assets		21,952,627			19,244,454
Total Assets	$	1,477,330,005		$	1,381,366,163
LIABILITIES:
Deposit Accounts	$	1,186,053,024		$	1,110,085,296
Borrowings from Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB")		69,200,000			44,080,000
Other Borrowings		19,043,445			27,588,147
Junior Subordinated Debentures		5,155,000			5,155,000
Subordinated Debentures		26,500,000			26,500,000
Operating Lease Liabilities		1,559,558			1,904,285
Other Liabilities		10,823,070			5,819,807
Total Liabilities	$	1,318,334,097		$	1,221,132,535
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series ECIP, $1,000 Par Value; 82,949 Shares Authorized, Issued and Outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	$	82,949,000		$	82,949,000
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value; 5,000,000 Shares Authorized; 3,455,446 and 3,453,817 Shares Issued and 3,241,813 and 3,252,884 Shares Outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Respectively		34,555			34,538
Additional Paid-In Capital ("APIC")		18,268,955			18,230,187
Treasury Stock, at Cost; 213,633 and 200,933 Shares Outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Respectively		(4,622,812	)		(4,330,712	)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss ("AOCI")		(45,491,780	)		(40,778,646	)
Retained Earnings		107,857,990			104,129,261
Total Shareholders' Equity	$	158,995,908		$	160,233,628
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity	$	1,477,330,005		$	1,381,366,163


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(Unaudited)		(Audited)
ASSETS:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	20,068,111	$	27,622,851
Certificates of Deposit with Other Banks	1,100,045		1,100,045
Investments:
Available For Sale ("AFS")	591,550,461		682,849,058
Held To Maturity ("HTM") (Fair Value of $131,615,851 and $23,720,408 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, Respectively)	137,968,847		23,506,768
Total Investments	729,519,308		706,355,826
Loans Receivable, Net:
Held For Sale	2,141,011		4,038,414
Held For Investment (Net of Allowance of $11,298,845 and $11,087,164 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, Respectively)	520,953,262		495,458,395
Total Loans Receivable, Net	523,094,273		499,496,809
Accrued Interest Receivable:
Loans	1,112,227		1,333,155
Investments	3,381,208		2,419,335
Total Accrued Interest Receivable	4,493,435		3,752,490
Operating Lease Right-of-Use ("ROU") Assets	1,974,088		2,252,424
Land Held for Sale	1,096,614		1,529,691
Premises and Equipment, Net	27,423,707		25,236,915
Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") Stock, at Cost	650,500		585,700
Other Real Estate Owned ("OREO")	119,700		129,700
Bank Owned Life Insurance ("BOLI")	27,167,099		26,709,897
Goodwill	1,199,754		1,199,754
Other Assets	20,074,279		5,241,410
Total Assets	$	1,357,980,913	$	1,301,213,512
LIABILITIES:
Deposit Accounts	$	1,118,816,745	$	1,115,962,963

Borrowings from Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB")	1,000,000		—
Other Borrowings	38,809,115		26,785,393
Junior Subordinated Debentures	5,155,000		5,155,000
Subordinated Debentures	29,000,000		30,000,000
Operating Lease Liabilities	2,014,086		2,293,295
Other Liabilities	6,590,080		5,494,336
Total Liabilities	$	1,201,385,026	$	1,185,690,987
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series ECIP, $1,000 Par Value; 82,949 and 0 Shares Authorized, Issued and Outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	$	82,949,000	$	—
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value; 5,000,000 Shares Authorized; 3,453,817 Shares Issued and 3,252,884 Shares Outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021	34,538		34,538
Additional Paid-In Capital ("APIC")	18,230,187		18,230,187
Treasury Stock, at Cost (200,933 Shares)	(4,330,712)		(4,330,712)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income ("AOCI")	(41,517,322)		5,215,107
Retained Earnings	101,230,196		96,373,405
Total Shareholders' Equity	$	156,595,887	$	115,522,525
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity	$	1,357,980,913	$	1,301,213,512

	*Three Months Ended September 30,*
	*2023*			*2022*
Net Income	$	2,122,042		$	3,225,803
Other Comprehensive Loss:
Unrealized Holding Losses on Investments AFS, Net of Tax Benefit of $(2,099,960) and $(4,263,005) at September 30, 2023 and 2022, Respectively		(5,741,337	)		(13,137,592	)
Amortization of Unrealized Losses on Investments AFS Transferred to Investments HTM, Net of Tax Expense of $505 and $757 at September 30, 2023 and 2022, Respectively		1,516			2,270
Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax		(5,739,821	)		(13,135,322	)
Comprehensive Loss	$	(3,617,779	)	$	(9,909,519	)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Interest Income:
Loans	$	6,306,312	$	7,261,810	$	18,608,294	$	20,039,222
Investments	4,892,385		2,403,203		10,621,563		7,437,590
Other	94,436		3,401		150,699		6,450
Total Interest Income	11,293,133		9,668,414		29,380,556		27,483,262
Interest Expense:


Deposits	675,765		376,136		1,418,462		1,257,205
FHLB Advances and Other Borrowed Money	44,386		50,756		91,389		389,142
Subordinated Debentures	389,375		393,750		1,176,875		1,181,250
Junior Subordinated Debentures	49,842		23,955		111,094		72,974
Total Interest Expense	1,159,368		844,597		2,797,820		2,900,571
Net Interest Income	10,133,765		8,823,817		26,582,736		24,582,691
Reversal of Provision for Loan Losses	—		(665,000)		—		(2,270,000)
Net Interest Income After Reversal of Provision for Loan Losses	10,133,765		9,488,817		26,582,736		26,852,691
Non-Interest Income:

Gain on Sale of Loans	287,081		932,340		1,511,905		3,022,755
Service Fees on Deposit Accounts	279,909		251,440		809,287		702,548
Commissions From Insurance Agency	235,506		187,657		620,779		468,083
Trust Income	363,830		359,035		1,084,249		1,005,517
BOLI Income	150,999		155,000		457,202		485,000
ATM and Check Card Fee Income	687,773		615,568		2,109,173		1,811,216
Grant Income	—		1,826,265		170,699		1,826,265
Other	219,289		202,314		702,135		669,379
Total Non-Interest Income	2,224,387		4,529,619		7,465,429		9,990,763
Non-Interest Expense:
Compensation and Employee Benefits	5,019,920		4,757,937		14,981,146		14,145,363
Occupancy	703,310		641,555		2,110,746		1,922,369
Advertising	153,460		275,947		693,389		671,186
Depreciation and Maintenance of Equipment	751,739		781,217		2,278,890		2,354,958
FDIC Insurance Premiums	87,858		73,845		284,083		215,181
Net Cost (Recovery) from Operation of OREO	10,000		55,000		10,000		(115,840)
Writedown of Land Held for Sale	—		—		433,077		—

Consulting	179,318		182,684		513,299		512,998
Debit Card Expenses	307,092		284,434		917,225		859,357
Telephone	97,204		100,113		291,069		313,229
Postage	59,654		16,469		182,202		147,600
General Insurance	76,566		77,731		257,577		248,691
Other	831,564		801,964		2,348,375		1,829,544
Total Non-Interest Expense	8,277,685		8,048,896		25,301,078		23,104,636
Income Before Income Taxes	4,080,467		5,969,540		8,747,087		13,738,818
Provision for Income Taxes	854,664		1,327,070		1,808,450		2,993,414
Net Income	3,225,803		4,642,470		6,938,637		10,745,404
Net Income Per Common Share (Basic)	$	0.99	$	1.43	$	2.13	$	3.30

Cash Dividend Per Share on Common Stock	$	0.12	$	0.11	$	0.64	$	0.33
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (Basic)	3,252,884		3,252,884		3,252,884		3,252,884

	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		APIC		Treasury Stock			AOCI (Loss)			Retained Earnings			Total
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	—	$	34,538	$	18,230,187	$	(4,330,712	)	$	5,215,107		$	96,373,405		$	115,522,525
Net Income		—		—		—		—			—			1,549,031			1,549,031
Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax		—		—		—		—			(20,222,858	)		—			(20,222,858	)
Cash Dividends on Common Stock		—		—		—		—			—			(390,346	)		(390,346	)
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	—	$	34,538	$	18,230,187	$	(4,330,712	)	$	(15,007,751	)	$	97,532,090		$	96,458,352
Net Income		—		—		—		—			—			2,163,803			2,163,803
Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax		—		—		—		—			(13,374,249	)		—			(13,374,249	)
Preferred Stock issuance		82,949,000		—		—		—			—			—			82,949,000
Cash Dividends on Common Stock		—		—		—		—			—			(1,301,154	)		(1,301,154	)
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	82,949,000	$	34,538	$	18,230,187	$	(4,330,712	)	$	(28,382,000	)	$	98,394,739		$	166,895,752
Net Income		—		—		—		—			—			3,225,803			3,225,803
Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax		—		—		—		—			(13,135,322	)		—			(13,135,322	)
Cash Dividends on Common Stock		—		—		—		—			—			(390,346	)		(390,346	)
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	82,949,000	$	34,538	$	18,230,187	$	(4,330,712	)	$	(41,517,322	)	$	101,230,196		$	156,595,887

	*Preferred Stock*		*Common Stock*		*APIC*		*Treasury Stock*			*AOCI (Loss)*			*Retained Earnings*			*Total*
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	82,949,000	$	34,538	$	18,230,187	$	(4,330,712	)	$	(40,778,646	)	$	104,129,261		$	160,233,628
Adoption of ASU 2016-13		—		—		—		—			—			(1,578,271	)		(1,578,271	)
Net Income		—		—		—		—			—			2,674,100			2,674,100
Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax		—		—		—		—			5,577,801			—			5,577,801
Employee Stock Purchase Plan		—		3		8,411		—			—			—			8,414
Cash Dividends on Common Stock		—		—		—		—			—			(422,917	)		(422,917	)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	82,949,000	$	34,541	$	18,238,598	$	(4,330,712	)	$	(35,200,845	)	$	104,802,173		$	166,492,755
Net Income		—		—		—		—			—			1,778,197			1,778,197
Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax		—		—		—		—			(4,551,114	)		—			(4,551,114	)
Employee Stock Purchase Plan		—		6		11,903		—			—			—			11,909
Cash Dividends on Common Stock		—		—		—		—			—			(422,986	)		(422,986	)
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	82,949,000	$	34,547	$	18,250,501	$	(4,330,712	)	$	(39,751,959	)	$	106,157,384		$	163,308,761
Net Income		—		—		—		—			—			2,122,042			2,122,042
Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax		—		—		—		—			(5,739,821	)		—			(5,739,821	)
Purchase of Treasury Stock		—		—		—		(292,100	)		—			—			(292,100	)
Employee Stock Purchase Plan		—		8		18,454		—			—			—			18,462
Cash Dividends on Common Stock		—		—		—		—			—			(421,436	)		(421,436	)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	82,949,000	$	34,555	$	18,268,955	$	(4,622,812	)	$	(45,491,780	)	$	107,857,990		$	158,995,908


	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		APIC		Treasury Stock		AOCI		Retained Earnings		Total
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	—	$	34,538	$	18,230,187	$	(4,330,712)	$	12,940,950	$	85,030,783	$	111,905,746
Net Income	—		—		—		—		—		3,178,792		3,178,792
Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax	—		—		—		—		(5,465,436)		—		(5,465,436)
Cash Dividends on Common Stock	—		—		—		—		—		(357,817)		(357,817)
Balance at March 31, 2021	$	—	$	34,538	$	18,230,187	$	(4,330,712)	$	7,475,514	$	87,851,758	$	109,261,285
Net Income	—		—		—		—		—		2,924,142		2,924,142
Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax	—		—		—		—		3,427,385		—		3,427,385
Cash Dividends on Common Stock	—		—		—		—		—		(357,818)		(357,818)
Balance at June 30, 2021	$	—	$	34,538	$	18,230,187	$	(4,330,712)	$	10,902,899	$	90,418,082	$	115,254,994
Net Income	—		—		—		—		—		4,642,470		4,642,470
Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax	—		—		—		—		(2,858,269)		—		(2,858,269)
Cash Dividends on Common Stock	—		—		—		—		—		(357,817)		(357,817)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	—	$	34,538	$	18,230,187	$	(4,330,712)	$	8,044,630	$	94,702,735	$	116,681,378

	*Nine Months Ended*
	*September 30,*
	*2023*			2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net Income	$	6,574,339		$	6,938,637
Adjustments To Reconcile Net Income To Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities:
Depreciation Expense		1,624,483			1,460,975
Discount Accretion and Premium Amortization, net		3,073,976			5,314,299
Provision for Credit Losses		221,000			—
Earnings on BOLI		(469,175	)		(457,202	)
Gain on Sales of Loans		(530,428	)		(1,511,905	)
Write-down of Land Held for Sale		—			433,077
Loss on Sale of Land Held for Sale		9,459			—
Write-down of OREO		14,700			10,000
Gain on Sale of OREO		(2,326	)		—
Amortization of Operating Lease ROU Assets		342,524			278,336
Proceeds From Sale of Loans Held For Sale		18,450,690			47,464,791
Origination of Loans Held For Sale		(18,060,490	)		(44,055,483	)
Increase in Accrued Interest Receivable		(587,031	)		(740,945	)
Change in Other Assets		(920,674	)		326,700
Change in Lease Liabilities and Other Liabilities		4,813,536			816,535
Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities	$	14,554,583		$	16,277,815
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of Investments AFS	$	(40,275,444	)	$	(59,674,541	)
Proceeds from Paydowns and Maturities of Investments AFS		49,327,581			83,769,857
Purchase of Investments HTM		(16,936,251	)		(118,798,583	)
Proceeds from Paydowns and Maturities of Investments HTM		10,337,617			4,333,488
Purchase of FHLB Stock		(696,300	)		(64,800	)
Redemption of FHLB Stock		425,000			—
Increase in Loans Receivable		(49,926,075	)		(25,494,867	)
Proceeds from Sale of Land Held for Sale		148,941			—
Proceeds from Sale of OREO		107,326			—
Purchase and Improvement of Premises and Equipment		(2,368,139	)		(3,647,767	)
Net Cash Used By Investing Activities	$	(49,855,744	)	$	(119,577,213	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Increase in Deposit Accounts	$	75,967,728		$	2,853,782
(Decrease) Increase in Other Borrowings, Net		(8,544,702	)		12,023,722
Proceeds from FRB Borrowings		346,055,000			202,980,000
Repayment of FRB Borrowings		(320,935,000	)		(201,980,000	)
Purchase of Treasury Stock		(292,100	)		—
Issuance of Preferred Stock		—			82,949,000
Proceeds from Employee Stock Purchase Plan		38,785			—
Repurchase of Subordinated Debenture		—			(1,000,000	)
Dividends to Common Stock Shareholders		(1,267,339	)		(2,081,846	)
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities	$	91,022,372		$	95,744,658
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents		55,721,211			(7,554,740	)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period		28,502,364			27,622,851
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period	$	84,223,575		$	20,068,111
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash Paid for Interest	$	15,100,087		$	2,417,879
Cash Paid for Taxes		2,021,315			1,099,000
Non-Cash Transactions:
Other Comprehensive Loss		(4,713,134	)		(46,732,429	)


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2022		2021
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net Income	$	6,938,637	$	10,745,404
Adjustments To Reconcile Net Income To Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities:
Depreciation Expense	1,460,975		1,471,810
Discount Accretion and Premium Amortization, net	5,314,299		5,016,096
Reversal of Provision for Loan Losses	—		(2,270,000)
Earnings on BOLI	(457,202)		(485,000)

Gain on Sales of Loans	(1,511,905)		(3,022,755)


Gain on Sales of OREO	—		(105,422)
Write Down on OREO	10,000		20,000
Write Down of Land Held for Sale	433,077		—
Amortization of Operating Lease ROU Assets	278,336		247,947
Proceeds From Sale of Loans Held For Sale	47,464,791		91,709,578
Origination of Loans Held For Sale	(44,055,483)		(86,582,554)
Increase in Accrued Interest Receivable	(740,945)		(140,270)


Other, Net	1,143,235		801,185
Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities	$	16,277,815	$	17,406,019
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of Investments AFS	$	(59,674,541)	$	(122,070,342)
Proceeds from Paydowns and Maturities of Investments AFS	83,769,857		72,169,959
Purchase of Investments HTM	(118,798,583)		(8,261,528)
Proceeds from Paydowns and Maturities of Investments HTM	4,333,488		3,985,667

Proceeds from Redemption of Certificates of Deposits with Other Banks	—		250,000
Purchase of FHLB Stock	(64,800)		(1,900)
Redemption of FHLB Stock	—		1,393,300


Increase in Loans Receivable	(25,494,867)		(21,267,422)
Proceeds From Sale of OREO	—		454,332
Purchase and Improvement of Premises and Equipment	(3,647,767)		(1,091,300)

Net Cash Used By Investing Activities	$	(119,577,213)	$	(74,439,234)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Increase in Deposit Accounts	$	2,853,782	$	98,470,851

Repayment of FHLB Advances	—		(25,000,000)
Increase in Other Borrowings, Net	12,023,722		13,490,672
Proceeds from FRB Borrowings	202,980,000		232,140,000
Repayment of FRB Borrowings	(201,980,000)		(265,465,000)
Issuance of Preferred Stock	82,949,000		—

Repurchase of Subordinated Debenture	(1,000,000)		—
Dividends to Common Stock Shareholders	(2,081,846)		(1,073,452)
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities	$	95,744,658	$	52,563,071
Net Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents	(7,554,740)		(4,470,144)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period	27,622,851		18,025,409
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period	$	20,068,111	$	13,555,265
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash Paid for Interest	$	2,417,879	$	2,569,016
Cash Paid for Income Taxes	1,099,000		2,995,442
Non-Cash Transactions:

Other Comprehensive Loss	(46,732,429)		(4,896,320)
Initial Recognition of Operating Lease ROU Asset	—		254,739
Initial Recognition of Operating Lease Liability	—		254,739


	September 30, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value



Student Loan Pools	$	64,581,912	$	33,352	$	1,393,915	$	63,221,349
Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Bonds	109,893,553		732,050		3,169,244		107,456,359
Tax Exempt Municipal Bonds	44,440,177		186,711		2,914,934		41,711,954
Taxable Municipal Bonds	65,767,015		—		14,346,937		51,420,078
Mortgage-Backed Securities ("MBS")	361,824,048		63,849		34,147,176		327,740,721

Total Available For Sale	$	646,506,705	$	1,015,962	$	55,972,206	$	591,550,461

	December 31, 2021
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Student Loan Pools	$	71,949,517	$	317,722	$	255,678	$	72,011,561
SBA Bonds	139,854,620		1,018,231		1,079,774		139,793,077
Tax Exempt Municipal Bonds	44,757,755		5,226,600		—		49,984,355
Taxable Municipal Bonds	65,834,301		734,237		599,387		65,969,151
MBS	353,517,112		5,294,398		3,720,596		355,090,914
Total Available For Sale	$	675,913,305	$	12,591,188	$	5,655,435	$	682,849,058


	September 30, 2022
Investment Securities AFS:	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
One Year or Less	$	539,253	$	537,497
After One – Five Years	5,898,094		5,834,644
After Five – Ten Years	82,128,559		78,136,356
More Than Ten Years	196,116,751		179,301,243
MBS AFS	361,824,048		327,740,721
Total AFS	$	646,506,705	$	591,550,461


	September 30, 2022
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses



Student Loan Pools	$	37,822,551	$	718,181	$	23,576,616	$	675,734	$	61,399,167	$	1,393,915
SBA Bonds	13,370,130		906,319		40,092,297		2,262,925		53,462,427		3,169,244
Tax Exempt Municipal Bonds	33,440,787		2,914,934		—		—		33,440,787		2,914,934
Taxable Municipal Bonds	40,292,536		10,429,037		11,127,542		3,917,900		51,420,078		14,346,937
MBS	214,230,551		18,654,810		107,126,659		15,492,366		321,357,210		34,147,176
	$	339,156,555	$	33,623,281	$	181,923,114	$	22,348,925	$	521,079,669	$	55,972,206


	September 30, 2022
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans Receivable
Construction Real Estate	$	108,112	$	547,795	$	100,472	$	756,379	$	103,494,576	$	104,250,955
Residential Real Estate	128,333		319,082		449,007		896,422		96,508,161		97,404,583
Commercial Real Estate	713,162		64,531		358,906		1,136,599		245,660,563		246,797,162
Commercial and Agricultural	131,687		33,835		16,775		182,297		31,318,905		31,501,202
Consumer HELOC	350,385		17,439		19,420		387,244		29,567,007		29,954,251
Other Consumer	215,030		50,427		17,456		282,913		22,812,671		23,095,584
Total	$	1,646,709	$	1,033,109	$	962,036	$	3,641,854	$	529,361,883	$	533,003,737


Non-accrual Loans:	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Construction Real Estate	$	115,874	$	21,434
Residential Real Estate	1,529,370		1,389,498
Commercial Real Estate	741,081		1,057,496
Commercial and Agricultural	75,740		64,479
Consumer HELOC	112,784		141,683
Other Consumer	24,049		8,797
Total Non-accrual Loans	$	2,598,898	$	2,683,387


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Real Estate								Consumer
	Construction		Residential		Commercial		Commercial and Agricultural		HELOC		Other		Total
Beginning Balance	$	2,104,386	$	1,870,696	$	4,736,314	$	1,403,818	$	606,847	$	475,893	$	11,197,954
(Reversal of) Provision for Loan Losses	99,612		(17,503)		44,664		(117,519)		(37,681)		28,427		—
Charge-Offs	—		—		—		—		—		(54,192)		(54,192)
Recoveries	15,460		9,678		77,479		1,281		38,190		12,995		155,083
Ending Balance	$	2,219,458	$	1,862,871	$	4,858,457	$	1,287,580	$	607,356	$	463,123	$	11,298,845

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Real Estate								Consumer
	Construction		Residential		Commercial		Commercial and Agricultural		HELOC		Other		Total
Beginning Balance	$	2,129,101	$	1,768,461	$	4,956,531	$	1,528,501	$	566,579	$	474,587	$	11,423,760
(Reversal of) Provision for Loan Losses	33,090		(21,578)		(196,852)		(403,030)		(58,843)		(17,787)		(665,000)
Charge-Offs	(21,460)		—		—		(800)		—		(23,702)		(45,962)
Recoveries	192,459		15,749		240,585		323		10,323		—		459,439
Ending Balance	$	2,333,190	$	1,762,632	$	5,000,264	$	1,124,994	$	518,059	$	433,098	$	11,172,237


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Real Estate								Consumer
	Construction		Residential		Commercial		Commercial and Agricultural		HELOC		Other		Total
Beginning Balance	$	2,401,196	$	1,663,423	$	4,832,440	$	1,241,828	$	517,512	$	430,765	$	11,087,164
(Reversal of) Provision for Loan Losses	(212,761)		161,839		(100,941)		19,643		44,068		88,152		—
Charge-Offs	—		—		—		—		—		(97,884)		(97,884)
Recoveries	31,023		37,609		126,958		26,109		45,776		42,090		309,565
Ending Balance	$	2,219,458	$	1,862,871	$	4,858,457	$	1,287,580	$	607,356	$	463,123	$	11,298,845

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Real Estate								Consumer
	Construction		Residential		Commercial		Commercial and Agricultural		HELOC		Other		Total
Beginning Balance	$	2,486,910	$	2,264,414	$	5,753,641	$	1,112,952	$	657,356	$	567,623	$	12,842,896
(Reversal of) Provision for Loan Losses	(324,719)		(541,877)		(1,149,539)		17,562		(149,620)		(121,807)		(2,270,000)
Charge-Offs	(21,460)		—		—		(7,499)		—		(81,394)		(110,353)
Recoveries	192,459		40,095		396,162		1,979		10,323		68,676		709,694
Ending Balance	$	2,333,190	$	1,762,632	$	5,000,264	$	1,124,994	$	518,059	$	433,098	$	11,172,237


	Allowance For Loan Losses						Loans Receivable
September 30, 2022	Individually Evaluated For Impairment		Collectively Evaluated For Impairment		Total		Individually Evaluated For Impairment		Collectively Evaluated For Impairment		Total
Construction Real Estate	$	—	$	2,219,458	$	2,219,458	$	115,874	$	104,135,081	$	104,250,955
Residential Real Estate	—		1,862,871		1,862,871		1,112,281		96,292,302		97,404,583
Commercial Real Estate	—		4,858,457		4,858,457		737,672		246,059,490		246,797,162
Commercial and Agricultural	—		1,287,580		1,287,580		31,446		31,469,756		31,501,202
Consumer HELOC	—		607,356		607,356		49,905		29,904,346		29,954,251
Other Consumer	—		463,123		463,123		—		23,095,584		23,095,584
Total	$	—	$	11,298,845	$	11,298,845	$	2,047,178	$	530,956,559	$	533,003,737

	Allowance For Loan Losses						Loans Receivable
December 31, 2021	Individually Evaluated For Impairment		Collectively Evaluated For Impairment		Total		Individually Evaluated For Impairment		Collectively Evaluated For Impairment		Total
Construction Real Estate	$	—	$	2,401,196	$	2,401,196	$	19,133	$	100,143,127	$	100,162,260
Residential Real Estate	—		1,663,423		1,663,423		1,128,452		83,837,090		84,965,542
Commercial Real Estate	—		4,832,440		4,832,440		1,046,974		226,704,690		227,751,664
Commercial and Agricultural	—		1,241,828		1,241,828		31,446		44,657,945		44,689,391
Consumer HELOC	—		517,512		517,512		97,302		28,514,214		28,611,516
Other Consumer	—		430,765		430,765		—		21,449,809		21,449,809
Total	$	—	$	11,087,164	$	11,087,164	$	2,323,307	$	505,306,875	$	507,630,182


	Actual			For Capital Adequacy			To Be "Well-Capitalized"
	Amount		Ratio	Amount		Ratio	Amount		Ratio
September 30, 2022	Dollars in Thousands






Tier 1 Risk-Based Core Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	$	138,263	17.9%	$	46,448	6.0%	$	61,930	8.0%
Total Risk-Based Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	147,960		19.1%	61,930		8.0%	77,413		10.0%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	138,263		17.9%	34,836		4.5%	50,318		6.5%
Tier 1 Leverage (Core) Capital (To Adjusted Tangible Assets)	138,263		10.3%	53,607		4.0%	67,009		5.0%
December 31, 2021






Tier 1 Risk-Based Core Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	$	123,783	17.4%	$	42,701	6.0%	$	56,934	8.0%
Total Risk-Based Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	132,706		18.6%	56,934		8.0%	71,168		10.0%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	123,783		17.4%	32,025		4.5%	46,259		6.5%
Tier 1 Leverage (Core) Capital (To Adjusted Tangible Assets)	123,783		9.9%	50,169		4.0%	62,711		5.0%


	September 30, 2022						December 31, 2021
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3




Student Loan Pools	$	—	$	63,221,349	$	—	$	—	$	72,011,561	$	—
SBA Bonds	—		107,456,359		—		—		139,793,077		—
Tax Exempt Municipal Bonds	—		41,711,954		—		—		49,984,355		—
Taxable Municipal Bonds	—		51,420,078		—		—		65,969,151		—
MBS	—		327,740,721		—		—		355,090,914		—

Total	$	—	$	591,550,461	$	—	$	—	$	682,849,058	$	—


September 30, 2022	Carrying		Fair Value
	Amount		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial Assets:	Dollars in thousands
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	20,068	$	20,068	$	20,068	$	—	$	—
Certificates of Deposits with Other Banks	1,100		1,100		—		1,100		—
Investment Securities, Available for Sale	591,550		591,550		—		591,550		—
Investment Securities, Held to Maturity	137,969		131,616		—		131,616		—
Loans Receivable, Net	520,953		501,910		—		—		501,910
Loans Held for Sale	2,141		2,141		—		—		2,141
FHLB Stock	651		651		651		—		—
Land Held for Sale	1,097		1,097		—		—		1,097
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits:
Checking, Savings & Money Market Accounts	$	982,692	$	982,692	$	982,692	$	—	$	—
Certificates of Deposits	136,125		132,569		—		132,569		—
Borrowings from FRB	1,000		1,000		1,000		—		—
Other Borrowed Money	38,809		38,809		38,809		—		—
Subordinated Debentures	29,000		27,049		—		27,049		—
Junior Subordinated Debentures	5,155		5,155		—		5,155		—



Remainder of 2022	$	126,564
2023	518,138
2024	522,147
2025	474,815
2026	363,428
Thereafter	155,996
Total undiscounted lease payments	2,161,088
Less: effect of discounting	(147,002)
Present value of estimated lease payments (lease liability)	$	2,014,086


					Increase (Decrease)
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		$		%
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	20,068	$	27,623	$	(7,555)	(27.4)	%
Certificates of Deposits with Other Banks	1,100		1,100		—		—
Investments AFS	591,550		682,849		(91,299)		(13.4)
Investments HTM	137,969		23,507		114,462		486.9
Loans Receivable, Net	523,094		499,497		23,597		4.7
Accrued Interest Receivable	4,493		3,752		741		19.7
OREO	120		130		(10)		(7.7)
Operating Lease ROU Assets	1,974		2,252		(278)		(12.3)
Land Held for Sale	1,097		1,530		(433)		(28.3)
Premises and Equipment, Net	27,424		25,237		2,187		8.7
FHLB Stock	651		586		65		11.1
BOLI	27,167		26,710		457		1.7
Goodwill	1,200		1,200		—		—
Other Assets	20,074		5,241		14,833		283.0
Total Assets	$	1,357,981	$	1,301,214	$	56,767	4.4%


	Quarter Ended September 30,												Change in Average Balance		Increase (Decrease) in Interest Income
	2022						2021
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Income		Yield(1)		Average Balance		Interest Income		Yield(1)
Loans Receivable, Net	$	521,143	$	6,306	4.84	%	$	505,191	$	7,262	5.75	%	$	15,952	$	(956)
Taxable Investments	741,358		4,550		2.45		570,578		2,191		1.54		170,780		2,359
Non-taxable Investments (2)	44,685		417		3.73		43,814		281		2.56		871		136
Deposits with other Banks	13,569		94		2.78		7,148		3		0.19		6,421		91
Total Interest-Earning Assets	$	1,320,755	$	11,367	3.44	%	$	1,126,731	$	9,737	3.46	%	$	194,024	$	1,630


	Quarter Ended September 30,												Change in Average Balance		Increase (Decrease) in Interest Expense
	2022						2021
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Expense		Cost(1)		Average Balance		Interest Expense		Cost(1)
Checking, Savings & Money Market Accounts	$	700,322	$	540	0.31	%	$	627,678	$	191	0.12	%	$	72,644	$	349
Certificates Accounts	139,841		136		0.39		165,084		185		0.45		(25,243)		(49)
FHLB Advances & Other Borrowed Money (2)	39,099		44		0.45		38,676		51		0.52		423		(6)
Junior Subordinated Debentures	5,155		50		3.87		5,155		24		1.86		—		26
Subordinated Debentures	29,652		389		5.25		30,000		394		5.25		(348)		(5)
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities	$	914,069	$	1,159	0.51	%	$	866,593	$	845	0.39	%	$	47,476	$	315



	Nine Months Ended September 30,												Change in Average Balance		Change in Interest Expense
	2022						2021
(Dollars in Thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Expense		Cost of Funds		Average Balance		Interest Expense		Cost of Funds
Checking, Savings & Money Market Accounts	$	700,580	$	998	0.19	%	$	598,496	$	542	0.12	%	$	102,084	$	456
Certificates Accounts	150,670		420		0.37		176,589		716		0.54		(25,919)		(296)
FHLB Advances & Other Borrowed Money (1)	41,374		91		0.29		59,429		389		0.87		(18,055)		(298)
Junior Subordinated Debentures	5,155		111		2.87		5,155		73		1.89		—		38
Subordinated Debentures	29,883		1,177		5.25		30,000		1,181		5.25		(117)		(4)
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities	$	927,662	$	2,797	0.40	%	$	869,669	$	2,901	0.44	%	$	57,993	$	(104)