UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
   
þ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007March 31, 2008
   
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                    to                    
Commission file number 1-4448
BAXTER INTERNATIONAL INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
   
Delaware 36-0781620
   
(State or other jurisdiction of(I.R.S. Employer

incorporation or organization)
 (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
   
One Baxter Parkway, Deerfield, Illinois 60015-4633
   
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
847-948-2000
(Registrant’s       (Registrant’s telephone number,
including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yesþ Noo
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a non-accelerated filer.smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filerfiler” and large accelerated filer”“smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerþ Accelerated filero           Non-accelerated fileroNon-accelerated filer  o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting companyo
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yeso Noþ
The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share, outstanding as of OctoberApril 30, 20072008 was 634,072,529627,379,237 shares.
 
 

 


 

BAXTER INTERNATIONAL INC.
FORM 10-Q
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007March 31, 2008
TABLE OF CONTENTS
       
    Page Number 
PART I.     
Item 1.     
    2 
    3 
    4 
    5 
Item 2.   2017 
Item 3.   3228 
Item 4.   3329 
Review by Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm  3430 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm  3531 
       
PART II.     
Item 1.   3632 
Item 2.   3733 
Item 6.   3834 
Signature    3935 
 Letter Re Unaudited Interim Financial Information
 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
 Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
 Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

 


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Baxter International Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
             
 Three months ended Nine months ended  Three months ended 
 September 30, September 30,  March 31, 
 2007 2006 2007 2006  2008 2007 
Net sales $2,750 $2,557 $8,254 $7,615  $2,877 $2,675 
Costs and expenses  
Cost of goods sold 1,374 1,342 4,220 4,193  1,497 1,409 
Marketing and administrative expenses 663 562 1,867 1,670  640 583 
Research and development expenses 203 149 539 433  190 159 
Restructuring charges   70  
Net interest expense 6 5 10 33  17 5 
Other expense, net 21 20 28 55 
Other income, net  (1)  (10)
Total costs and expenses 2,267 2,078 6,734 6,384  2,343 2,146 
Income before income taxes 483 479 1,520 1,231  534 529 
Income tax expense 88 105 291 266  105 126 
Net income $395 $374 $1,229 $965  $429 $403 
  
Earnings per common share  
Basic $0.62 $0.58 $1.90 $1.49  $0.68 $0.62 
Diluted $0.61 $0.57 $1.87 $1.47  $0.67 $0.61 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding  
Basic 641 653 647 650  632 650 
Diluted 651 661 657 656  644 659 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

2


Baxter International Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)
(in millions, except shares)
                
 September 30, December 31,  March 31, December 31, 
 2007 2006  2008 2007 
Current assets Cash and equivalents $1,818 $2,485  Cash and equivalents $1,736 $2,539 
 Accounts and other current receivables 1,976 1,838  Accounts and other current receivables 2,096 2,026 
 Inventories 2,320 2,066  Inventories 2,536 2,334 
 Other current assets 526 581  Other current assets 645 656 
    
 Total current assets 6,640 6,970  Total current assets 7,013 7,555 
Property, plant and equipment, netProperty, plant and equipment, net 4,216 4,229 Property, plant and equipment, net 4,633 4,487 
Other assets Goodwill 1,649 1,618  Goodwill 1,768 1,690 
 Other intangible assets, net 457 480  Other intangible assets, net 461 455 
 Other 1,185 1,389  Other 1,097 1,107 
    
 Total other assets 3,291 3,487  Total other assets 3,326 3,252 
Total assets   $14,147 $14,686 Total assets $14,972 $15,294 
Current liabilities Short-term debt $46 $57  Short-term debt $44 $45 
 Current maturities of long-term debt and lease obligations 500 177  Current maturities of long-term debt and lease obligations 97 380 
 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 3,143 3,376  Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 3,095 3,387 
    
 Total current liabilities 3,689 3,610  Total current liabilities 3,236 3,812 
Long-term debt and lease obligationsLong-term debt and lease obligations 2,024 2,567 Long-term debt and lease obligations 2,731 2,664 
Other long-term liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities 2,142 2,237 Other long-term liabilities 2,008 1,902 
Commitments and contingenciesCommitments and contingencies Commitments and contingencies 
Shareholders’ equity Common stock, $1 par value, authorized 2,000,000,000 shares, issued 683,494,944 shares in 2007 and 2006 683 683  Common stock, $1 par value, authorized 2,000,000,000 shares, issued 683,494,944 shares in 2008 and 2007 683 683 
 Common stock in treasury, at cost, 49,669,849 shares in 2007 and 33,016,340 shares in 2006  (2,420)  (1,433) Common stock in treasury, at cost, 55,832,435 shares in 2008 and 49,857,061 shares in 2007  (2,930)  (2,503)
 Additional contributed capital 5,251 5,177  Additional contributed capital 5,322 5,297 
 Retained earnings 4,039 3,271  Retained earnings 4,671 4,379 
 Accumulated other comprehensive loss  (1,261)  (1,426) Accumulated other comprehensive loss  (749)  (940)
    
 Total shareholders’ equity 6,292 6,272  Total shareholders’ equity 6,997 6,916 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equityTotal liabilities and shareholders’ equity $14,147 $14,686 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $14,972 $15,294 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3


Baxter International Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)
(in millions)
                
 Nine months ended  Three months ended 
 September 30,  March 31, 
 2007 2006  2008 2007 
Cash flows from operating activities Net income $1,229 $965  Net income $429 $403 
 Adjustments 
 Depreciation and amortization 428 431 
 Deferred income taxes 32 76  Adjustments 
 Stock compensation 99 68  Depreciation and amortization 156 140 
 Restructuring and infusion pump charges 70 76  Deferred income taxes 61  (13)
 Average wholesale pricing litigation charge 56   Stock compensation 38 27 
 In-process research and development charges 46   Infusion pump charge 53  
 Other 53 29  Other 9 4 
 Changes in balance sheet items      Changes in balance sheet items      
 Accounts and other current receivables (114) 33  Accounts and other current receivables 18  (98)
 Inventories  (261)  (108) Inventories  (105)  (128)
 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities  (85)  (159) Accounts payable and accrued liabilities  (341)  (158)
 Restructuring payments  (20)  (34) Restructuring payments  (12)  (3)
 Other 21 44  Other 56 41 
    
 Cash flows from operating activities 1,554 1,421  Cash flows from operating activities 362 215 
Cash flows from investing activities Capital expenditures  (424)  (336) Capital expenditures  (157)  (93)
 Acquisitions of, and investments in, businesses and technologies  (83)  (3) Acquisitions of and investments in businesses and technologies  (61)  (31)
 Divestitures and other 490 140  Divestitures and other 29 447 
    
 Cash flows from investing activities  (17)  (199) Cash flows from investing activities  (189) 323 
Cash flows from financing activities Issuances of debt 73 707  Issuances of debt 4 15 
 Payments of obligations  (501)  (1,235) Payments of obligations  (459)  (221)
 Cash dividends on common stock  (598)  (363) Cash dividends on common stock  (138)  (380)
 Proceeds from stock issued under employee benefit plans 500 195  Proceeds and realized excess tax benefits from stock issued under employee
benefit plans
 112 226 
 Other issuances of stock  1,249   
 Purchases of treasury stock  (1,641)  (479) Purchases of treasury stock  (545)  (270)
    
 Cash flows from financing activities  (2,167) 74  Cash flows from financing activities  (1,026)  (630)
Effect of currency exchange rate changes on cash and equivalentsEffect of currency exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents  (37)  (70)Effect of currency exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents 50  (9)
(Decrease) increase in cash and equivalents  (667) 1,226 
Decrease in cash and equivalentsDecrease in cash and equivalents  (803)  (101)
Cash and equivalents at beginning of periodCash and equivalents at beginning of period 2,485 841 Cash and equivalents at beginning of period 2,539 2,485 
Cash and equivalents at end of periodCash and equivalents at end of period $1,818 $2,067 Cash and equivalents at end of period $1,736 $2,384 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4


Baxter International Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of Baxter International Inc. and its subsidiaries (the company or Baxter) have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission.Commission (SEC). Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) have been condensed or omitted. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the company’s 20062007 Annual Report to Shareholders (2006(2007 Annual Report).
In the opinion of management, the interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the interim periods. All such adjustments, unless otherwise noted herein, are of a normal, recurring nature. The results of operations for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full year.
Adoption of FINnew accounting standards
SFAS No. 48159
On January 1, 2007,2008, the company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Interpretation (FIN)(SFAS) No. 48, “Accounting159, “The Fair Value Option for Uncertainty in Income Taxes -Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, Including an Interpretationamendment of FASB Statement 109” (FIN No. 48)115” (SFAS No. 159). FINSFAS No. 48 prescribes a two-step process for the159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial statement measurementinstruments and recognition of a tax position taken or expectedcertain other items at fair value, which are not otherwise currently required to be takenmeasured at fair value. Under SFAS No. 159, the decision to measure items at fair value is made at specified election dates on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable. Entities electing the fair value option are required to recognize changes in a tax return. The first step involvesfair value in earnings and to expense upfront costs and fees associated with the determination of whether it is more likely than not (greater than 50 percent likelihood) that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the position. The second step requires that any tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold be measured and recognized in the financial statements at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. FIN No. 48 also provides guidance on the accounting for related interest and penalties, financial statement classification and disclosure. The cumulative effect of applying FIN No. 48 is to be reported as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption.
The adoption of FIN No. 48 by the company on January 1, 2007 had no impact on the opening balance of retained earnings.
At January 1, 2007, the company’s liability for uncertain tax positions totaled $405 million, including liabilities related to interest and penalties. The liabilities related to interest and penalties at January 1, 2007 were not material. At December 31, 2006, the entire balance was classified as a current liability. In applying FIN No. 48’s liability classification provisions, the company reclassified $200 million of the total liability to noncurrent liabilities on January 1, 2007. There was no material change in the liability for uncertain tax positions during the third quarter or first nine months of 2007.
None of the positions included in the liability for uncertain tax positions related to tax positionsitem for which the ultimate deductibilityfair value option is highly certain but for which there is uncertainty about the timing of such deductibility.
elected. The company has historically classified interest and penalties associated with income taxes in the income tax expense line in the consolidated statement of income, and this treatment is unchanged under FIN No. 48. Interest and penalties recorded during the third quarter or first nine months of 2007 werenew standard did not material.
Refer to the Annual Report included inimpact the company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 for a description, by major tax jurisdiction, of tax years that remain subject to examination. Other than the settlement of a tax audit outside the United States during the second quarter, there were no material changes during the first nine months of 2007.
As of January 1, 2007, Baxter had ongoing audits in several jurisdictions,consolidated financial statements as well as bilateral Advance Pricing Agreement proceedings that the company voluntarily initiated betweendid not elect the U.S. government andfair value option for any instruments existing as of the governments of Switzerland and Japanadoption date. However, the company will evaluate the fair value measurement election with respect to intellectual property, product, and service transfer pricing arrangements. Baxter expects to settle these proceedings within the next 12 months. In the opinion of management,financial instruments the company has made adequate tax provisions for all years subject to examination. There is a reasonable possibility thatenters into in the ultimate settlements will be more or less than the amounts reserved for these unrecognized tax benefits.future.

5


Issued but not yet effective accounting standards
SFAS No. 161
In March 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133” (SFAS No. 161). The standard expands the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” and requires qualitative disclosures about the objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about the fair value amounts of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements. The company is in the process of analyzing this new standard, which will be effective for the company in the first quarter of 2009.
SFAS No. 160
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51” (SFAS No. 160). The new standard changes the accounting and reporting of noncontrolling interests, which have historically been referred to as minority interests. SFAS No. 160 requires that noncontrolling interests be presented in the consolidated balance sheets within shareholders’ equity, but separate from the parent’s equity, and that the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest be clearly identified and presented in the consolidated statements of income. Any losses in excess of the noncontrolling interest’s equity interest will continue to be allocated to the noncontrolling interest. Purchases or sales of equity interests that do not result in a change of control will be accounted for as equity transactions. Upon a loss of control, the interest sold, as well as any interest retained, will be measured at fair value, with any gain or loss recognized in earnings. In partial acquisitions, when control is obtained, the acquiring company will recognize at fair value, 100% of the assets and liabilities, including goodwill, as if the entire target company had been acquired. SFAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008, with early adoption prohibited. The new standard will be applied prospectively, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements, which will be applied retrospectively for all periods presented. The company is in the process of analyzing the standard, which will be adopted by the company at the beginning of 2009.

5


SFAS No. 141-R
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (SFAS No. 141-R). The new standard changes the accounting for business combinations in a number of significant respects. The key changes include the expansion of transactions that will qualify as business combinations, the capitalization of in-process research and development as an indefinite-lived asset, the recognition of certain acquired contingent assets and liabilities at fair value, the expensing of acquisition costs, the expensing of costs associated with restructuring the acquired company, the recognition of contingent consideration at fair value on the acquisition date, and the recognition of post-acquisition date changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances and acquired income tax uncertainties as income tax expense or benefit. SFAS No. 141-R is effective for business combinations that close in years beginning on or after December 15, 2008, with early adoption prohibited. The company is in the process of analyzing this new standard, which will be adopted by the company at the beginning of 2009.
Partial adoption of SFAS No. 157
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS)SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (SFAS No. 157), which clarifies the definition of fair value whenever another standard requires or permits assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value. Specifically, the standard clarifies that fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, and establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to develop those assumptions. SFAS No. 157 does not expand the use of fair value to any new circumstances, and must be applied on a prospective basis except in certain cases. The standard also requires expanded financial statement disclosures about fair value measurements, including disclosure of the methods used and the effect on earnings.
In February 2008, FASB Staff Position (FSP) FAS No. 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157” (FSP No. 157-2) was issued. FSP No. 157-2 defers the effective date of SFAS No. 157 to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years, for all nonfinancial assets and liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). Examples of items within the scope of FSP No. 157-2 are nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities initially measured at fair value in a business combination (but not measured at fair value in subsequent periods), and long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment and intangible assets measured at fair value for an impairment assessment under SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.”
The partial adoption of SFAS No. 157 on January 1, 2008 with respect to financial assets and financial liabilities recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis did not have a material impact on the company’s consolidated financial statements. See Note 5 for the fair value measurement disclosures for these assets and liabilities. The company is in the process of analyzing this new standard, which will be effective for the company onpotential impact of SFAS No. 157 relating to its planned January 1, 2008.
SFAS No. 159
In February 2007,2009 adoption of the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, Including an Amendmentremainder of FASB Statement No. 115” (SFAS No. 159). SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value, which are not otherwise currently required to be measured at fair value. Under SFAS No. 159, the decision to measure items at fair value is made at specified election dates on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable. Entities electing the fair value option would be required to recognize changes in fair value in earnings and to expense upfront costs and fees associated with the item for which the fair value option is elected. At the adoption date, unrealized gains and losses on existing items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported as a cumulative adjustment to beginning retained earnings. The company is in the process of analyzing this new standard, which will be effective for the company on January 1, 2008.standard.
2. SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Net pension and other postemployment benefits expense
The following is a summary of net expense relating to the company’s pension and other postemployment benefit (OPEB) plans.
                 
 
  Three months ended  Nine months ended 
  September 30,  September 30, 
(in millions) 2007  2006  2007  2006 
 
Pension benefits
                
Service cost $22  $23  $65  $68 
Interest cost  47   44   139   131 
Expected return on plan assets  (54)  (50)  (161)  (149)
Amortization of net loss, prior service cost and transition obligation  24   29   73   87 
 
Net pension plan expense $39  $46  $116  $137 
 
                 
OPEB
                
Service cost $1  $2  $4  $5 
Interest cost  8   7   23   22 
Amortization of net loss and prior service cost  1   1   3   4 
 
Net OPEB plan expense $10  $10  $30  $31 
 
Net interest expense
                 
 
  Three months ended  Nine months ended 
  September 30,  September 30, 
(in millions) 2007  2006  2007  2006 
 
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest $30  $25  $90  $70 
Interest income  (24)  (20)  (80)  (37)
 
Net interest expense $6  $5  $10  $33 
 
         
 
  Three months ended 
  March 31, 
(in millions) 2008  2007 
 
Pension benefits
        
Service cost $21  $21 
Interest cost  51   46 
Expected return on plan assets  (58)  (53)
Amortization of net loss, prior service cost and transition obligation  20   24 
 
Net pension plan expense $34  $38 
 
         
OPEB
        
Service cost $1  $1 
Interest cost  8   8 
Amortization of net loss and prior service cost     1 
 
Net OPEB plan expense $9  $10 
 

6


Net interest expense
         
 
  Three months ended 
  March 31, 
(in millions) 2008  2007 
 
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest $37  $29 
Interest income  (20)  (24)
 
Net interest expense $17  $5 
 
Comprehensive income
Total comprehensive income was $429$620 million and $410$464 million for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2008 and 2007, and 2006, respectively, and $1,394 million and $1,003 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The increase in comprehensive income in both periods2008 was principally due to higher net income and favorable movements in currency translation adjustments, partially offset particularly in the third quarter, by unfavorable movements in the fair value of the company’s net investment hedges.
Effective tax rate
The company’s effective income tax rate was 18.2%19.7% and 21.9%23.8% in the thirdfirst quarters of 2008 and 2007, and 2006, respectively, and 19.1% and 21.6% in the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. For a discussion of theThe effective tax rate anticipated for the full-year 2007, see the Income Taxes section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis below.
The decrease in the thirdfirst quarter of 2007 was principallyunusually high due to a $57 million reduction of the valuation allowance on net operating loss carryforwards in a foreign jurisdiction due to recent profitability improvements, a $12 million reduction in tax expense due to recently enacted legislation reducing corporate income tax rates in Germany, as well as an approximately $8 million net favorable tax impact of a charge related to the company’s average wholesale pricing litigation (see Note 6 for further information regarding this charge) and in-process research and development (IPR&D) charges recorded in the quarter (see Acquisitions of, and investments in, businesses and technologies section below for further information regarding these charges). In addition, as a result of profitability in lower tax rate jurisdictions around the world that was higher than previous estimates, the company lowered its expected full-year tax rate on earnings excluding special items, which reduced income tax expense in the quarter by approximately $14 million related to earnings through the first half of 2007. Partially offsetting these items in the quarter was $84 million of U.S. income tax expense related to foreign earnings, which are no longer considered permanently reinvested outside of the United States because management now believes these earnings will be remitted to the United States in the foreseeable future.
In addition to the items noted above, the decrease in the year-to-date period was due to the extension of tax incentives and the favorable settlement of a tax audit in jurisdictions outside of the United States, as well as the impact of the second quarter 2007 restructuring charges. These benefits were partially offset by the tax impact of the gain on the divestiture of the Transfusion Therapies (TT) business and related charges. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 was impacted by costs associated with the COLLEAGUE and SYNDEO infusion pumpscharges recorded in that have lower tax benefits.period. Refer to Note 3 for further information onabout the divestiture and Note 4 for further information onof the restructuring charges recorded in 2007 and the infusion pump charges recorded in 2006.TT business.
Earnings per share
The numerator for both basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) is net income. The denominator for basic EPS is the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The dilutive effect of outstanding employee stock options, employee stock purchase subscriptions, the purchase contracts in the company’s equityperformance share units, (which were settled in February 2006), restricted stock units, performance share units and restricted stock is reflected in the denominator for diluted EPS principally using the treasury stock method.
EmployeeIn the first quarters of 2008 and 2007, 8 million and 12 million employee stock options, to purchase 11 million and 28 million shares for the third quarters of 2007 and 2006, respectively, and 11 million and 42 million for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because the assumed proceeds were greater than the average market price of the company’s common stock, resulting in an anti-dilutive effect on diluted EPS.
Refer to the 2006 Annual Report regarding the purchase contracts included in the company’s equity units. The purchase contracts were settled in February 2006, and the company issued approximately 35 million shares of common stock in exchange for $1.25 billion. Using the treasury stock method, prior to the February 2006 settlement date, the purchase contracts had a dilutive effect when the average market price of Baxter stock exceeded $35.69.
The following is a reconciliation of basic shares to diluted shares.
         
 
  Three months ended 
  March 31, 
(in millions) 2008  2007 
 
Basic shares  632   650 
Effect of employee stock options and other dilutive securities  12   9 
 
Diluted shares  644   659 
 
Inventories
         
 
  March 31,  December 31, 
(in millions) 2008  2007 
 
Raw materials $672  $624 
Work in process  779   695 
Finished products  1,085   1,015 
 
Total inventories $2,536  $2,334 
 

7


                 
 
  Three months ended  Nine months ended 
  September 30,  September 30, 
(in millions) 2007  2006  2007  2006 
 
Basic shares  641   653   647   650 
Effect of dilutive securities                
Employee stock options  9   7   9   6 
Performance share units, restricted stock units and other  1   1   1    
 
Diluted shares  651   661   657   656 
 
Inventories
         
 
  September 30,  December 31, 
(in millions) 2007  2006 
 
Raw materials $650  $526 
Work in process  667   676 
Finished products  1,003   864 
 
Total inventories $2,320  $2,066 
 
Property, plant and equipment, net
           
 September 30, December 31,  March 31, December 31, 
(in millions) 2007 2006  2008 2007 
Property, plant and equipment, at cost $8,430 $8,311  $9,182 $8,824 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization  (4,214)  (4,082)  (4,549)  (4,337)
Property, plant and equipment, net (PP&E) $4,216 $4,229 
Property, plant and equipment, net $4,633 $4,487 
Goodwill
Goodwill at September 30, 2007March 31, 2008 totaled $579$609 million for the BioScience segment, $921$993 million for the Medication Delivery segment and $149$166 million for the Renal segment. Goodwill at December 31, 20062007 totaled $579$587 million for the BioScience segment, $898$948 million for the Medication Delivery segment and $141$155 million for the Renal segment. Approximately $12 million of goodwill in the BioScience segment was included in the book value of the TT business in determining the divestiture gain. Refer to Note 3 for further information. The remaining changeincrease in the goodwill balance from December 31, 2006is principally due to September 30, 2007 for each segment principally related toseveral small acquisitions in the Medication Delivery and BioScience segments, as well as foreign currency fluctuations.
Other intangible assets net
The following is a summary of the company’s intangible assets subject to amortization at September 30, 2007March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2006.2007.
             
 
 Developed       
 technology,       
(in millions, except amortization period data)including patents  Other  Total 
 
September 30, 2007
            
Gross intangible assets $834  $126  $960 
Accumulated amortization  442   68   510 
 
Net intangible assets $392  $58  $450 
 
Weighted-average amortization period (in years)  14   14   14 
 
 
December 31, 2006
            
Gross intangible assets $827  $122  $949 
Accumulated amortization  418   58   476 
 
Net intangible assets $409  $64  $473 
 
Weighted-average amortization period (in years)  15   15   15 
 
             
 
  Developed       
  technology,       
(in millions) including patents  Other  Total 
 
March 31, 2008
            
Gross other intangible assets $874  $138  $1,012 
Accumulated amortization  (481)  (77)  (558)
 
Other intangible assets, net $393  $61  $454 
 
             
December 31, 2007
            
Gross other intangible assets $848  $130  $978 
Accumulated amortization  (458)  (72)  (530)
 
Other intangible assets, net $390  $58  $448 
 
The amortization expense for these intangible assets was $14$13 million and $15 million for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2008 and 2007, and 2006, respectively, and $43 million and $42 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

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The anticipated annual amortization expense for intangible assets recorded as of September 30, 2007March 31, 2008 is $57$54 million in 2007,2008, $52 million in 2009, $51 million in 2008, $50 million in 2009, $48 million in 2010, $43$44 million in 2011, and $39$41 million in 2012.
Acquisitions of,2012 and investments$37 million in businesses and technologies
MAAS Medical, LLC
In June 2007, the company acquired certain assets of MAAS Medical, LLC, a company that specializes in infusion systems technology. This acquisition expands Baxter’s R&D capabilities, as the talent and technology acquired will be incorporated into Baxter’s R&D pipeline and applied in the development of infusion systems and related technologies within the Medication Delivery segment. The purchase price of $11 million was principally allocated to IPR&D, and expensed at the acquisition date. The IPR&D relates to products under development which had not achieved regulatory approval and had no alternative future use. Baxter may be required to make additional payments of up to $14 million based on the achievement of specified regulatory approvals of products as well as the retention of certain key employees. These contingent payments will be recorded if and when the contingencies are resolved, as the outcomes of the contingencies are not determinable beyond a reasonable doubt on the acquisition date.
HHD
In August 2007, the company entered into a collaboration with HHD, LLC (HHD) and DEKA Products Limited Partnership and DEKA Research and Development Corp. (collectively, DEKA) for the development of a next-generation home hemodialysis (HD) machine. This Renal business collaboration highlights Baxter’s ongoing commitment to innovation in end-stage renal disease treatment, and reflects the company’s strategic approach to expediting and enhancing product development through targeted partnerships. The arrangement will provide Baxter with the opportunity to offer two forms of at-home dialysis, peritoneal dialysis (PD) and home HD, with the goal of continuing to offer patients an improved quality of life, and greater flexibility and control as to when and where they receive treatment.
HHD owns certain intellectual property and licensing rights that will be used in developing the next-generation home HD machine. In addition, pursuant to an R&D and license agreement between HHD and DEKA, DEKA will perform R&D activities for HHD in exchange for compensation for the R&D services and licensing rights, plus royalties on any commercial sales of the developed product.
In connection with this collaboration, the company purchased an option for $25 million to acquire the assets of HHD, and will reimburse HHD for the R&D services performed by DEKA, as well as other of HHD’s costs associated with developing the home HD machine. Pursuant to the option agreement with HHD, the company can exercise the option at any time between the effective date of the agreement and the earlier of U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of the product or January 31, 2011. The exercise price is fixed, varying only based on the timing of exercise, with the exercise price decreasing over the exercise period, from $45 million to $19 million. Upon exercise, the company would make an additional payment of up to $4 million based on a contractual relationship between HHD and a third party. Because the company is the primary beneficiary of the risks and rewards of HHD’s activities, the company is consolidating the financial results of HHD from the date of the option purchase.
HHD’s assets and technology have not yet received regulatory approval and no alternative future use has been identified. In conjunction with the execution of the option agreement with HHD and the related payment of $25 million, the company recognized a net IPR&D charge of $25 million during the third quarter of 2007.
Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc.
In February 2007, the company entered into an arrangement to expand the company’s existing arrangements with Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc. (Halozyme) to include the use of HYLENEX recombinant (hyaluronidase human injection) with the company’s proprietary and non-proprietary small molecule drugs. Under the terms of the arrangement, the company made an initial payment of $10 million for license and other rights, which was capitalized as an intangible asset, and made a $20 million investment in the common stock of Halozyme. The company assumes the development, manufacturing, clinical, regulatory, and sales and marketing costs associated with the products included in the arrangement. This arrangement will provide the Medication Delivery segment with a new route of administration for injected drugs and fluids, and a potential pipeline of proprietary drug applications through the kitting and co-formulating of HYLENEX with generic molecules.

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In September 2007, the company entered into an arrangement with Halozyme to apply Halozyme’s Enhanze technology to the development of a subcutaneous route of administration for Baxter’s liquid formulation of IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin). Under this arrangement, the company made an initial payment of $10 million, which was expensed as IPR&D as the licensed technology had not received regulatory approval and had no alternative future use. The goal of this BioScience segment collaboration is to enable the company to provide patients with immunodeficiency disorders access to enhanced administration of IVIG therapy.
With respect to both of these arrangements, the company may be required to make additional payments of up to $62 million based on the successful completion of specified regulatory and sales milestones, as well as royalty payments on future sales of the related products. Based on the company’s projections, any contingent payments made in the future will be more than offset over time by the estimated net future cash flows related to the rights acquired for those payments.2013.
Securitization arrangements
The company’s securitization arrangements resulted in net cash outflows of $23$16 million and $71$27 million for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2008 and 2007, and 2006, respectively, and $31 million and $105 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. A summary of the activity is as follows.
               
 Three months ended Nine months ended  Three months ended 
 September 30, September 30,  March 31, 
(in millions) 2007 2006 2007 2006  2008 2007 
Sold receivables at beginning of period  $337  $429  $348  $451  $129 $348 
Proceeds from sales of receivables 402 358 1,172 1,039  104 356 
Cash collections (remitted to the owners of the receivables)  (425)  (429)  (1,203)  (1,144)  (120)  (383)
Effect of currency exchange rate changes 13  (1) 10 11  16  (1)
Sold receivables at end of period  $327  $357  $327  $357  $129 $320 
3.SALE OF TRANSFUSION THERAPIES BUSINESS
On February 28, 2007, the company completed the disposition ofdivested substantially all of the assets and liabilities of its TT business to an affiliate of TPG Capital, L.P. (TPG), which has established the new company as Fenwal Inc. (Fenwal), for $540 million. This purchase price is subjectPrior to customary adjustments based upon the finalization of the net assets transferred. Under the terms of the sale agreement, TPG acquired the net assets ofdivestiture, the TT business including its product portfolio of manual and automated blood-collection products and storage equipment, as well as five manufacturing facilities located in Haina, Dominican Republic; La Chatre, France; Maricao and San German, Puerto Rico; and Nabeul, Tunisia. The decision to sell the TT net assets was based on the results of strategic and financial reviewspart of the company’s business portfolio, and will allow the company to increase its focus and investment on businesses with more long-term strategic valueBioScience business. Refer to the company.2007 Annual Report for further information.

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Under transition agreements, the company is providing manufacturing and a variety of support services to Fenwal for a period of time after divestiture, which varyvaries based on the productsproduct or servicesservice provided and other factors, but generally approximateapproximates two years. Due to the company’s actual and expected significant continuing cash flows associated with this business, the company continued to include the results of operations of TT in the company’s results of continuing operations through the February 28, 2007 sale date. No facts or circumstances have arisen inarose subsequent to the second or third quarter of 2007divestiture date that changechanged the initial expectation of significant continuing cash flows. TT’s sales, which were reported in the BioScience segment, were $79 million in 2007 through the February 28 sale date and $121 million and $371 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2006, respectively. Revenues associated with the manufacturing, distribution and other transition services provided by the company, to Fenwal post-divestiture, which were $44 million in the third quarter of 2007 and $100$9 million in the year-to-date period,first quarters of 2008 and 2007, respectively, are reported at the corporate headquarters level and not allocated to a segment.
The major classes of the assets and liabilities classified as held for sale as of the February 28, 2007 sale date and that were included Included in these revenues in the company’s consolidated financial statementsfirst quarter of 2008 was $8 million of deferred revenue related to the manufacturing, distribution and other transition agreements. As of March 31, 2008, deferred revenue that will be recognized in the future as the services under these arrangements are performed totaled $21 million.
In the first quarter of December 31, 2006 were as follows.

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 February 28, December 31, 
(in millions) 2007  2006 
 
Current assets $149  $208 
Noncurrent assets $224  $206 
 
Total assets $373  $414 
Total liabilities $58  $64 
 
The2007, the company recorded a pre-tax gain on the sale of the TT business of $58 million ($30 million, or $0.05 per diluted share, on an after-tax basis) duringmillion. In the first quarter of 2007. Cash proceeds were $473 million, representing the purchase price of $540 million net of certain items, principally international receivables that have been retained by2008, the company post-divestiture. Therecorded an income adjustment to the gain on the sale was recorded net of transaction-related expenses and other costs of $36$16 million andas a $12 million allocation of a portion of BioScience segment goodwill. In addition, $52 millionresult of the cash proceeds were allocated tofinalization of the manufacturing, distribution and other transition agreements because these arrangements provide for below-market consideration for those services. Approximately $7 million and $17 million of deferred revenue related to these arrangements was recognized during the third quarter of 2007 andnet assets transferred in the year-to-date period, respectively, as the services were performed.divestiture.
In connection with the TT divestiture, in the first quarter of 2007, the company recorded a $35 million pre-tax charge ($24 million, or $0.04 per diluted share, on an after-tax basis) principally associated with severance and other employee-related costs. Reserve utilization inthrough the thirdend of the first quarter of 20072008 was $5$6 million. The reserve is expected to be substantially utilized by the end of 2008,2009, and the company believes that the reserves are adequate. However, adjustments may be recorded in the future as the programtransition is completed.
The gain on the sale of the TT business and the related charges and adjustments in 2008 and 2007 were recorded in other income, and expense, net on the consolidated statementstatements of income. These amounts were reported at the corporate headquarters level and were not allocated to a segment.
4.RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER SPECIAL CHARGES
2007Restructuring charges
The following is a summary of restructuring charges recorded in 2007 and 2004. Refer to the 2007 Annual Report for additional information about these charges.
During the second quarter of2007
In 2007, the company recorded pre-taxa restructuring chargescharge of $70 million principally associated with the consolidation of certain commercial and manufacturing operations outside of the United States. Based uponon a review of current and future capacity needs, the company decided to integrate several facilities in order to reduce the company’s cost structure and optimize the company’s operations, principally withinin the Medication Delivery segment.
Included in the charge was $17 million related to asset impairments, principally to write down PP&Eproperty, plant and equipment (PP&E) based on market data for the assets. Also included in the charge was $53 million for cash costs, principally pertaining to severance and other employee-related costs associated with the elimination of approximately 550 positions, or approximately 1% of the company’s total workforce. Reserve utilization through September 30, 2007 was not significant. The reserve for severance and other costs is expected to be utilized by the end of 2009, with the majority of the payments to be made in 2007 and 2008. The company believes that the reserves are adequate. However, adjustments may be recorded in the future as the programs are completed.
2004 restructuring charge
DuringIn 2004, the company recorded a $543 million pre-tax restructuring charge principally associated with management’s decision to implement actions to reduce the company’s overall cost structure and to drive sustainable improvements in financial performance. Included in the 2004 charge was $196 million relating to asset impairments, almost all of which was to write down PP&E. Also included in the 2004 charge was $347 million for cash costs, principally pertaining to severance and other employee-related costs. Refer to the 2006 Annual Report for additional information.

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Restructuring reserves
The following table summarizes cash activity in the company’s 2007 and 2004 restructuring reserve.

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 Employee- Contractual    
  related and other    
(in millions) costs  costs  Total 
 
Charge  $212   $135   $347 
Utilization and adjustments in 2004, 2005 and 2006  (198)  (94)  (292)
 
Reserve at December 31, 2006  $  14   $  41   $  55 
Utilization  (2)  (1)  (3)
 
Reserve at March 31, 2007  $  12   $  40   $  52 
Utilization  (2)  (1)  (3)
 
Reserve at June 30, 2007  $  10   $  39   $  49 
Utilization  (4)  (2)  (6)
 
Reserve at September 30, 2007  $    6   $  37   $  43 
 
charges.
Substantially all
             
 
  Employee-  Contractual    
  related  and other    
(in millions) costs  costs  Total 
 
2004 Charge $212  $135  $347 
Utilization and adjustments in 2004, 2005 and 2006  (198)  (94)  (292)
 
Reserve at December 31, 2006  14   41   55 
2007 Charge  46   7   53 
Utilization  (15)  (12)  (27)
 
Reserve at December 31, 2007  45   36   81 
Utilization  (6)  (6)  (12)
 
Reserve at March 31, 2008 $39  $30  $69 
 
Restructuring reserve utilization in the first quarter of 2008 totaled $12 million, with $3 million relating to the reserve is2007 program and $9 million relating to the 2004 program. The 2007 and 2004 reserves are expected to be utilized by the end of 2007,2009, with the restmajority of the cash outflows principally relatingpayments to certain long-term leases and remaining employee severance payments.be made in 2008. The company believes that the restructuring program is substantially complete and that the remaining reserves are adequate. However, remaining cash paymentsadjustments may be recorded in the future as the programs are subject to change.completed.
Other charges
The 2005 and 2006 charges discussed below were classified in cost of goods sold in the company’s consolidated income statements.statements, and were reflected in the Medication Delivery segment. The actual costs relating to certain of these matters may differ from the company’s estimates. It is possible that additional charges may be required in future periods, based on new information or changes in estimates. For
While the company continues to work to resolve the issues associated with COLLEAGUE infusion pumps and its heparin products described below, there can be no assurance that additional information on these other charges, please refercosts or civil and criminal penalties will not be incurred, that additional regulatory actions with respect to the 2006 Annual Report.company will not occur, that the company will not face civil claims for damages from purchasers or users, that substantial additional charges or significant asset impairments may not be required, or that sales of any other product may not be adversely affected.
COLLEAGUE Infusion Pumps
The company began to hold shipments of COLLEAGUE infusion pumps in July 2005, and continues to hold shipments of new pumps in the United States. Please refer to the company’s 20062007 Annual Report for further information on the charges related to the COLLEAGUE and SYNDEO pumps, and the “Certain Regulatory Matters” section in Management’s Discussion and Analysis below regarding recent developments related to this matter.information.
The company recorded pre-tax charges of $77$171 million ($157 million for cash costs and $14 million for asset impairments) in the second quarter of2006 and 2005 and $76 million in the second quarter of 2006 related to issues associated with its COLLEAGUE and SYNDEO infusion pumps. Included in the 2005 charge was $4 million relating to asset impairments and $73 millionThe reserve for cash costs representingrepresented an estimate of the cash expenditures for the materials, labor and freight costs expected to be incurred to remediate the design issues. Included in the 2006 charge was $3 million relating to asset impairments and $73 million for cash costs, which related to additionalissues, customer accommodations, and adjustments to the previously established reserves for remediation costs based on further definition of the potential remediation requirements and the company’s experience remediating pumps outside of the United States. Also, in the first quarter of 2006, the company recorded an additional $18 million pre-tax expense, of which $7 million related to asset impairments and $11 million related to additional warranty and other commitments made to customers. In 2007, the company increased its reserve for cash costs by $14 million as estimates were refined based on the company’s experience executing the remediation plan.
InAs a result of delays in the fourth quarter of 2005,remediation plan, principally due to additional software modifications and validation and testing required to remediate the pumps, and other changes in the estimated costs to execute the remediation plan, the company recorded aan additional $53 million charge associated with the withdrawalCOLLEAGUE pumps during the first quarter of its 6060 multi-therapy infusion pump from the market. Included in the $49 million pre-tax2008. The charge was $41consisted of $39 million for cash costs. The chargecosts and $14 million principally consisted of the estimated costs to provide customers with replacement pumps, with the remainder of the charge relatedrelating to asset impairments,impairments. The reserve for cash costs principally relates to write off customer lease receivables. During 2006, the company recorded a $16 million adjustment to reduce the amount of the reserve, as the estimatedaccommodations, including extended warranties, and other costs associated with providing customers with replacement pumps were refined.the delay in the recommercialization timeline.
The following table summarizes cash activity in the company’s COLLEAGUE infusion pump reserves including the COLLEAGUE, SYNDEO and 6060 infusion pumps, through September 30, 2007.March 31, 2008.
      
   
COLLEAGUE     
(in millions)and SYNDEO 6060 Total  
Charges in 2005 and 2006 $157 
Utilization and adjustments in 2005 through 2007  (87)
Reserve at December 31, 2007 70 
Charge $157  $41 $198  39 
Utilization and adjustments  (46)  (33)  (79)
Reserve at December 31, 2006 $111  $  8 $119 
Utilization  (9)  (2)  (11)  (12)
Reserve at March 31, 2007 $102  $  6 $108 
Utilization  (9)  (2)  (11)
Reserve at March 31, 2008 $97 
Reserve at June 30, 2007 $93  $  4 $97 
Utilization  (18)  (1)  (19)
Reserve at September 30, 2007 $75  $  3 $78 

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Substantially allThe majority of the remaining infusion pump reserves are expected to be utilized during 2007in 2008 and 2008.2009.

10


Hemodialysis InstrumentsHeparin
During 2005,the first quarter of 2008, the company recorded a $50charge of $19 million pre-tax charge associated with management’s decisionrelated to discontinue the manufacture of HD instruments, including the company’s Meridian instrument. recall of its heparin sodium injection products in the United States. During the first quarter of 2008, the company identified an increasing level of severe allergic-type and hypotensive adverse reactions occurring in patients using its heparin sodium injection products in the United States, and initiated a field corrective action with respect to these products.
Included in the $50charge were $14 million charge was $23 million relating toof asset impairments, principally to write downprimarily heparin inventory equipmentthat will not be sold, and other assets used to manufacture HD machines. The remaining $27$5 million of the chargecash costs related to the estimated cash payments associated with providing customers with replacement instruments.recall. The company has utilized $18 million of the reserve for cash costs through the third quarter of 2007. Substantially all of the remaining reserve is expected to be utilized by the end of 2008.
The company’s sales of these heparin products totaled approximately $30 million in 2007 and 2008.2007.
5.FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The following table summarizes the bases used to measure financial assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis in the balance sheet.
                 
 
      Basis of Fair Value Measurement 
      Quoted Prices in      Significant 
      Active Markets for  Significant Other  Unobservable 
  Balance at  Identical Assets  Observable Inputs  Inputs 
(in millions) March 31, 2008  (Level 1)  (Level 2)  (Level 3) 
 
Assets                
Foreign currency hedges $22  $  $22  $ 
Interest rate hedges  32      32    
Equity securities  14   14       
 
Total assets $68  $14  $54  $ 
 
Liabilities                
Foreign currency hedges $127  $  $127  $ 
Net investment hedges  455      455    
 
Total liabilities $582  $  $582  $ 
 
For assets that are measured using quoted prices in active markets, the fair value is the published market price per unit multiplied by the number of units held, without consideration of transaction costs. The majority of the derivatives entered into by the company are valued using internal valuation techniques as no quoted market prices exist for such instruments. The principal techniques used to value these instruments are discounted cash flow and Black-Scholes models. The key inputs, which are observable, depend on the type of derivative, and include contractual terms, interest rate yield curves, foreign exchange rates and volatility.
6.COMMON STOCK
Stock-based compensation plans
On January 1, 2006, the company adopted SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (SFAS No. 123-R) using the modified prospective transition method. Stock compensation expense measured in accordance with SFAS No. 123-R totaled $36$38 million ($2426 million on a net-of-tax basis, or $0.04 per diluted share) and $30$27 million ($1918 million on a net-of-tax basis, or $0.03 per diluted share) for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2008 and 2007, and 2006, respectively, and $99 million ($66 million on a net-of-tax basis, or $0.10 per diluted share) and $68 million ($45 million on a net-of-tax basis, or $0.07 per diluted share) for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Approximately three-quarters of stock compensation expense is classified in marketing and administrative expenses, with the remainder classified in cost of goods sold and research and development expenses.
In March 2007,2008, the company made its annual stock compensation grants, which consisted of approximately 7.27 million stock options and 1.10.7 million performance share units (PSUs) and restricted stock units (RSUs). Stock compensation grants made in the second and third quarters of 2007 were not material.

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Stock options
The weighted-average assumptions used in estimating the fair value of stock options granted during the period, along with the weighted-average fair values, were as follows.
         
 
  Nine months ended 
  September 30, 
  2007  2006 
 
Expected volatility  23.4%   27.5% 
Expected life (in years)  4.5   5.5 
Risk-free interest rate  4.5%   4.7% 
Dividend yield  1.2%   1.5% 
Fair value per stock option  $13   $11 
 
Employee stock options granted prior to 2007 generally vest 100% on the third anniversary of the grant date and have a contractual term of 10 years. Beginning in the first quarter of 2007, stock options granted generally vest in one-third increments over a three-year period, and have a contractual term of 10 years.
         
  Three months ended 
  March 31, 
  
  2008  2007 
 
Expected volatility  23.8%   23.5% 
Expected life (in years)  4.5   4.5 
Risk-free interest rate  2.4%   4.5% 
Dividend yield  1.5%   1.2% 
Fair value per stock option  $12   $13 
 
The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $37 million and $52 million during the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2008 and 2007 and 2006, respectively, and $225was $61 million and $78$85 million, during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
As of September 30, 2007, $120March 31, 2008, $145 million of pre-tax unrecognized compensation cost related to all unvested stock options is expected to be recognized as expense over a weighted-average period of 1.92.3 years.
Performance share and restricted stock units
As part of an overall periodic reevaluation ofThe assumptions used in estimating the company’s stock compensation programs, the company made changes to its long-term incentive plan for senior management effective in the first quarter of 2007. The RSU component of the plan has been replaced by PSUs

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with market-based conditions. In addition, the overall mix of stock compensation awarded under the plan has changed, from a weighting of 70% stock options and 30% RSUs to 50% stock options and 50% PSUs.
Awards of PSUs will be earned by comparing the company’s growth in shareholder value relative to a performance peer group over a three-year period. Based upon the company’s performance, the recipient of a PSU may earn a total award ranging from 0% to 200% of the initial grant. As part of the transition to the new program, the March 2007 annual grant also included RSUs.
The fair value of PSUs is estimated atgranted during the grant date using a Monte Carlo simulation. Expense is recognized on a straight-line basis overperiod, along with the service period. fair values, were as follows.
         
  
  Three months ended 
  March 31, 
  2008  2007 
 
Baxter volatility  19.7%   17.8% 
Peer group volatility  12.4% - 37.1%   13.0% - 38.6% 
Correlation of returns  0.12 - 0.40   0.09 - 0.34 
Risk-free interest rate  1.9%   4.5% 
Dividend yield  1.5%   1.2% 
Fair value per PSU  $64   $64 
 
As of September 30, 2007,March 31, 2008, pre-tax unrecognized compensation cost related to all unvested RSUs and PSUs of $57$51 million is expected to be recognized as expense over a weighted-average period of 2.02.4 years, and pre-tax unrecognized compensation cost related to all unvested restricted stock units of $19 million is expected to be recognized as expense over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years.
Realized excess income tax benefits
RealizedIn accordance with SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment”, in the first quarter of 2007, realized excess tax benefits of $25 million, principally associated with stock-based compensation are required to bestock option exercises, were presented on the statement of cash flows as an outflow within the operating section and an inflow within the financing section.section of the statement of cash flows. No income tax benefits were realized from stock-based compensation during the first nine monthsquarter of 2007 or 2006,2008, due primarily to the company’s U.S. net operating loss position.
Stock issuances
Refer to the 2006 Annual Report regarding the purchase contracts included in the company’s equity units. The purchase contracts were settled in February 2006, and the company issued 35 million shares of common stock in exchange for $1.25 billion.
Stock repurchases
As authorized by the board of directors, from time to time the company repurchases its stock depending upon the company’s cash flows, net debt level and current market conditions. During the three- and nine-month periodsthree-month period ended September 30, 2007,March 31, 2008, the company repurchased 15.3 million shares and 30.49.1 million shares for $827$545 million and $1.64 billion, respectively, under stock repurchase programs authorized by the board of directors.directors’ March 2007 $2.0 billion share repurchase authorization. In March 2007,2008, the board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $2.0 billion of the company’s common stock. At September 30, 2007, $1.37March 31, 2008, $2.6 billion remained available under this authorization.the March 2007 and March 2008 authorizations.
6.7. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Baxter is involved in product liability, patent, shareholder, commercial, and other legal proceedings that arise in the normal course of the company’s business. The company records a liability when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If the reasonable estimate of a probable loss is a range, and no amount within the range is a better estimate, the minimum amount in the range is accrued. If a loss is not probable or a probable loss cannot be reasonably estimated, no liability is recorded.
Baxter has established reserves for certain of the matters discussed below. The company is not able to estimate the amount or range of any loss for certain of the company’s legal contingencies for which there is no reserve or additional loss for matters already reserved. While the liability of the company in connection with the claims cannot be estimated with

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any certainty and although the resolution in any reporting period of one or more of these matters could have a significant impact on the company’s results of operations for that period, the outcome of these legal proceedings is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the company’s consolidated financial position. While the company believes that it has valid defenses in these matters, litigation is inherently uncertain, excessive verdicts do occur, and the company may in the future incur material judgments or enter into material settlements of claims.
In addition to the matters described below, the company remains subject to other additional potential administrative and legal actions. With respect to regulatory matters, in particular, these actions includemay lead to product recalls, injunctions to halt manufacture and distribution, other restrictions on the company’s operations civil sanctions, includingand monetary sanctions, and criminal sanctions. Any of these actions could have an adverse effect on the company’s business and subject the company to additional regulatory actions and costly litigation. With respect to patents,intellectual property, the company may be exposed to significant litigation concerning patents and products, challenges to the coverage and

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validityscope of the company’s patents on products or processes, and allegations that the company’s products infringe patents held by competitors or other third parties. A loss in any of these types of casesothers’ rights. Such litigation could result in a loss of patent protection or the ability to market products, which could lead to a significant loss of sales, or otherwise materially affect future results of operations or cash flows.operations.
Patent Litigation
ADVATE Litigation
In April 2003, A. Nattermann & Cie GmbH and Aventis Behring L.L.C. filed a patent infringement lawsuit in the U.S.D.C. for the District of Delaware naming Baxter Healthcare Corporation as the defendant. In November 2003, the lawsuit was dismissed without prejudice. The complaint, which sought injunctive relief, alleged that Baxter’s planned manufacture and sale of ADVATE would infringe U.S. Patent No. 5,565,427. In November 2003, the lawsuit was dismissed without prejudice. In October 2003, re-examinationreexamination proceedings were initiated in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. During these proceedings certain of the original claims were amended or rejected, and new claims were added. On October 10, 2006, the Patent Office issued a reexamination certificate and subsequently on October 16, 2006, Aventis Pharma S.A. again filed a patent infringement lawsuit naming Baxter Healthcare Corporation as the defendant in the U.S.D.C. for the District of Delaware. A trial date of December 8, 2008 has been setThe parties have agreed to resolve this matter through binding arbitration and discovery has begun.without injunctive relief.
Sevoflurane Litigation
In September 2005, the U.S.D.C. for the Northern District of Illinois ruled that a patent owned by Abbott Laboratories and the Central Glass Company, U.S. Patent No. 5,990,176, was not infringed by Baxter’s generic version of sevoflurane. Abbott and Central Glass appealed and Baxter filed a cross-appeal as to the validity of the patent. In November 2006, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit granted Baxter’s cross-appeal and held Abbott’s patent invalid. Abbott’s motions to have that appeal re-heard were denied in January 2007.
Related actions are pending in various jurisdictions in the United States and abroad. Another patent infringement action against Baxter remains pending in the U.S.D.C. for the Northern District of Illinois on a related patent owned by Abbott and Central Glass. Baxter has filed a motion asserting that judgment of non-infringement and invalidity should be entered based in part on findings made in the earlier case. In May 2005, Abbott and Central Glass filed suit in the Tokyo District Court on a counterpart Japanese patent and in September 2006, the Tokyo District Court ruled in favor of Abbott and Central Glass on this matter. Baxter has appealed this decision. In June 2005, Baxter filed suit in the High Court of Justice in London, England seeking revocation of the U.K. part of the related European patent and a declaration of non-infringement. In March 2007, the High Court ruled in Baxter’s favor, concluding that the U.K. patent was invalid. In 2007, Abbott brought a patent infringement action against Baxter in the Cali Circuit Court of Colombia based on a Colombian counterpart patent, and obtained an injunction preliminarily prohibiting the approval of Baxter’s generic sevoflurane in Colombia during the pendency of the infringement suit. Baxter has moved to overturn the injunction and has answered the lawsuit. Parallel opposition proceedings in the European and Japanese Patent Offices seeking to revoke certain versions of the patent are also pending.
GAMMAGARD Liquid Litigation
In June 2005, Talecris Biotherapeutics, Inc. filed a patent infringement lawsuit in the U.S.D.C. for the District of Delaware naming Baxter Healthcare Corporation and Baxter International Inc. as defendants. The complaint, which sought injunctive relief, alleged that Baxter’s manufacture and sale of GAMMAGARD liquid infringes U.S. Patent No. 6,686,191. In July 2007, the parties settled this litigation on terms which did not require a material payment by Baxter.
Peritoneal Dialysis Litigation
On October 16, 2006, Baxter Healthcare Corporation and DEKA Products Limited Partnership filed a patent infringement lawsuit in the U.S.D.C. for the Eastern District of Texas against Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. and Fresenius USA, Inc. The complaint alleges that Fresenius’Fresenius’s sale of the Liberty Cycler peritoneal dialysis systems and related disposable items and equipment infringes nine U.S. Patent No. 5,421,823,patents owned by Baxter, as to which DEKA has granted Baxter an exclusive license in the peritoneal dialysis field. The case has been transferred to the U.S.D.C. for the Northern District of California. The trial is expected to commence in January 2009.
Product Liability
Mammary Implant Litigation
The company is currently a defendant in various courts in a number of lawsuits seeking damages for injuries of various types allegedly caused by silicone mammary implants previously manufactured by the Heyer-Schulte division of American Hospital Supply Corporation (AHSC). AHSC, which was acquired by Baxter in 1985, divested its Heyer-Schulte division in 1984. The majority of the claims and lawsuits against the company have been resolved. After concluding a class action settlement with a large group of U.S. claimants, the company will continue

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to participate in the resolution of class member claims, for which reserves have been established, until 2010. In addition, as of September 30, 2007, Baxter remains a defendant or co-defendant in approximately 20 lawsuits relating to mammary implants brought by claimants who have opted out of, or are not bound by, the class settlement. The company has also established reserves for these lawsuits. Baxter believes that a substantial portion of its liability and defense costs for mammary implant litigation may be covered by insurance, subject to self-insurance retentions, exclusions, conditions, coverage gaps, policy limits and insurer insolvency.
Plasma-Based Therapies Litigation
Baxter currently is a defendant in a number of lawsuits and subject to additional claims brought by individuals who have hemophilia and their families, all seeking damages for injuries allegedly caused by anti-hemophilic factor concentrates VIII or IX derived from human blood plasma (factor concentrates) processed by the company from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s. The typical case or claim alleges that the individual was infected with the HIV virus by factor concentrates that contained the HIV virus. None of these cases involves factor concentrates currently processed by the company.
After concluding a class action settlement with a group of U.S. claimants for whom all eligible claims have been paid, Baxter remained as a defendant in approximately 95 lawsuits and subject to approximately 145 additional claims. Among the lawsuits, the company and other manufacturers have been named as defendants in approximately 70 lawsuits pending or expected to be transferred to the U.S.D.C. for the Northern District of Illinois on behalf of claimants, who are primarily non-U.S. residents, seeking unspecified damages for HIV or Hepatitis C infections from their use of plasma-based factor concentrates. In March 2005, the District Court denied plaintiff’s motion to certify purported classes. Thereafter, plaintiffs have filed additional lawsuits on behalf of individual claimants outside of the U.S. In December 2005, the District Court granted defendants’ motion to return U.K. claimants to their home jurisdiction. The appellate court has affirmed that decision.
In addition, through its 1996 acquisition of Immuno International AG (Immuno), the company has unsettled claims and lawsuits for damages for injuries allegedly caused by Immuno’s plasma-based therapies. The typical claim alleges that the individual with hemophilia was infected with HIV or Hepatitis C by factor concentrates. Additionally, the company has received notice of a number of claims arising from Immuno’s vaccines and other biologically derived therapies.
The company believes that a substantial portion of the liability and defense costs related to its plasma-based therapies litigation may be covered by insurance, subject to self-insurance retentions, exclusions, conditions, coverage gaps, policy limits and insurer insolvency.
Althane Dialyzers Litigation
Baxter was named as a defendant in a number of civil cases seeking unspecified damages for alleged injury or death from exposure to Baxter’s Althane series of dialyzers, which were withdrawn from the market in 2001. All of these suits have been resolved. The Spanish Ministry of Health has previously raised a claim, but a suit has not been filed. Currently, the U.S. government is investigating Baxter’s withdrawal of the dialyzers from the market. In December 2002, Baxter received a subpoena to provide documents to the U.S. Department of Justice and has cooperated fully with the investigation.
Vaccines Litigation
As of September 30, 2007 the company has been named as a defendant, along with others, in approximately 120 lawsuits filed in various state and U.S. federal courts, seeking damages, injunctive relief and medical monitoring for claimants alleged to have contracted autism or attention deficit disorders as a result of exposure to vaccines for childhood diseases containing the preservative thimerosal. These vaccines were formerly manufactured and sold by North American Vaccine, Inc., which was acquired by Baxter in June 2000, as well as by other companies.
Securities Laws
In August 2002, six purported class action lawsuits were filed in the U.S.D.C. for the Northern District of Illinois naming Baxter and its then Chief Executive Officer and then Chief Financial Officer as defendants. These lawsuits, which were consolidated, alleged that the defendants violated the federal securities laws by making misleading statements regarding the company’s financial guidance that allegedly caused Baxter common stock to trade at inflated levels. The Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit reversedCalifornia with a trial court order granting Baxter’s motion to dismiss the complaint and the U.S. Supreme Court declined to grant certiorari in March 2005. In February 2006, the trial court denied Baxter’s motiondate scheduled for judgment on the pleadings.April 2009.
Hemodialysis Litigation
Since April 2003, Baxter has been pursuing a patent infringement action against Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. for infringement of certain Baxter patents. The court has twice denied Plaintiffs’ request for certification of a class action based on the inadequacy of their class representatives but allowed Plaintiffs a final chance to find new ones. In October 2006, separate plaintiffs’ law firms identifiedpatents cover Fresenius’s 2008K hemodialysis instrument.

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new, different proposed class representatives, but in JanuaryIn 2007, the trial court found both new proposed class representatives to be inadequate. In October 2007,entered judgment in Baxter’s favor holding the Court of Appealspatents valid and infringed, and a jury assessed damages at $14 million for past sales only. On April 4, 2008, the U.S.D.C. for the Seventh Circuit dismissed plaintiffs’ appealNorthern District of this decision, effectively endingCalifornia granted Baxter’s motion for permanent injunction, and granted Baxter’s request for royalties on Fresenius’s sales of the suit as2008K hemodialysis machines during a class action.nine-month transition period before the permanent injunction takes effect. The order also granted a royalty on disposables. Fresenius has filed a notice of appeal.
Securities Laws
In October 2004, a purported class action was filed in the U.S.D.C. for the Northern District of Illinois against Baxter and its current Chief Executive Officer and then current Chief Financial Officer and their predecessors for alleged violations of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended. Plaintiff alleges that these defendants, along with the Administrative and Investment Committees of the company’s 401(k) plans, breached their fiduciary duties to the plan participants by offering Baxter common stock as an investment option in each of the plans during the period of January 2001 to October 2004. Plaintiff alleges that Baxter common stock traded at artificially inflated prices during this period and seeks unspecified damages and declaratory and equitable relief. In March 2006, the trial court certified a class of plan participants who elected to acquire Baxter common stock through the plans between January 2001 and the present. The court denied defendants’ motion to dismiss but has allowed Baxter to seek an interlocutory appeal ofIn April 2008, the decision, which Baxter has done. Discovery is underway in this matter.
In July 2004, a series of four purported class action lawsuits, now consolidated, were filed in the U.S.D.C. for the Northern District of Illinois, in connection with the company’s restatement of its consolidated financial statements, previously announced in July 2004, naming Baxter and its current Chief Executive Officer and then current Chief Financial Officer and their predecessors as defendants. The lawsuits allege that the defendants violated the federal securities laws by making false and misleading statements regarding the company’s financial results, which allegedly caused Baxter common stock to trade at inflated levels during the period between April 2001 and July 2004. As of December 2005, the District Court had dismissed the last of the remaining actions. The Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit affirmeddenied Baxter’s interlocutory appeal and upheld the lowertrial court’s decisiondenial of Baxter’s motion to dismiss. Baxter has filed a motion for judgment on July 27, 2007.the pleadings. Discovery is underway in this matter.
Other
On October 12, 2005 the United States filed a complaint in the U.S.D.C. for the Northern District of Illinois to effect the seizure of COLLEAGUE and SYNDEO pumps that were on hold in Northern Illinois. Customer-owned pumps were not affected. On June 29, 2006, Baxter Healthcare Corporation, a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Baxter, entered into a Consent Decree for Condemnation and Permanent Injunction with the United States to resolve this seizure litigation. The Consent Decree also outlines the steps the company must take to resume sales of new pumps in the United States. Additional third party claims may be filed in connection with the COLLEAGUE matter.
In connection with the recall of heparin products in the United States described in Note 4, approximately 20 lawsuits, some purported class actions, have been filed alleging that plaintiffs suffered allergic or hypotensive symptoms following the administration of heparin, in some cases resulting in fatalities. These cases are each in their earliest stages, and no discovery has commenced.
The company is a defendant, along with others, in over 50 lawsuits brought in various state and U.S. federal courts, which allege that Baxter and other defendants reported artificially inflated average wholesale prices for Medicare and Medicaid eligible drugs. These cases have been brought by private parties on behalf of various purported classes of purchasers of Medicare and Medicaid eligible drugs, as well as by state attorneys general. A number of these cases were consolidated in the U.S.D.C. for the District of Massachusetts for pretrial case management under Multi District Litigation rules. TheIn April 2008, the court preliminarily approved a class settlement resolving Medicare Part B claims and independent health plan claims against Baxter and others, which had previously been reserved for by the company. Final approval of this settlement is expected later this year. Remaining lawsuits against Baxter include a number of cases brought by state attorneys general and New York entities, which seek unspecified damages, injunctive relief, civil penalties, disgorgement, forfeiture and restitution. In June 2006, Baxter settled the claims brought by the Texas Attorney General related to the unique requirements of the Texas reimbursement system. Various state and federal agencies are conducting civil investigations into the marketing and pricing practices of Baxter and others with respect to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement. These investigations may result in additional cases being filed by various state attorneys general. Due
Baxter currently is a defendant in a number of lawsuits and subject to anticipated progress with respect to resolution of portions of the matter, during the third quarter of 2007,additional claims brought by individuals who have hemophilia and their families, all seeking damages for injuries allegedly caused by anti-hemophilic factor concentrates VIII or IX derived from human blood plasma (factor concentrates) processed by the company establishedand other acquired entities from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s. The typical case or claim alleges that the individual was infected with the HIV or HCV virus by factor concentrates that contained one or the other or both viruses. None of these cases involves factor concentrates currently processed by the company.
As of March 31, 2008, the company has been named as a $56 million reservedefendant, along with others, in approximately 125 lawsuits filed in various state and U.S. federal courts, seeking damages, injunctive relief and medical monitoring for this matter.claimants alleged to have contracted autism or attention deficit disorders as a result of exposure to vaccines for childhood diseases containing the preservative, thimerosal. These vaccines were formerly manufactured and sold by North American Vaccine, Inc., which was acquired by Baxter in June 2000, as well as by other companies.

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7.8. SEGMENT INFORMATION
Baxter operates in three segments, each of which is a strategic business that is managed separately because each business develops, manufactures and sells distinct products and services. The segments and a description of their products and services are as follows:
TheBioSciencebusiness is a manufacturer ofmanufactures recombinant and plasma-based and recombinant proteins used to treat hemophilia. Other products includehemophilia and other bleeding disorders, plasma-based therapies to treat immune disorders, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiencydeficiencies, biosurgery and other chronic blood-related conditions; albumin, used to treat burns and shock; products for regenerative medicine, such as proteins used in hemostasis, and wound-sealing and tissue regeneration; and vaccines. In addition,Prior to the divestiture of the TT business on February 28, 2007, the business also manufactured manual and automated blood and blood-component separation and collection systems (the TT

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business). Refer to Note 3 regarding the company’s February 28, 2007 sale of substantially all of the assets and liabilities of the TT business.systems.
TheMedication Deliverybusiness is a manufacturer of products used to deliver fluids and drugs to patients. These includemanufactures intravenous (IV) solutions and administration sets, pre-mixedpremixed drugs and drug-reconstitution systems, pre-filled vials and syringes for injectable drugs, and electronic infusion devices. The business also provides IV nutrition products, infusion pumps, and inhalation anesthetics, for general anesthesia, pharmaceutical company partneringas well as products and services andrelated to drug formulation and enhanced packaging technologies.
TheRenalbusiness is a manufacturer ofprovides products to treat end-stage renal disease, or irreversible kidney failure. The business manufactures solutions and other products for PD,peritoneal dialysis, a homehome-based therapy, for people with irreversible kidney failure who require renal replacement therapy. These products include PD solutions and related supplies to help patients manually perform solution exchanges, as well as automated PD cyclers that provide therapy to patients overnight. The business also distributes products for HD,hemodialysis, which is generally conducted in a hospital or clinic.
ManagementThe company uses more than one measurement and multiple views of data to measure segment performance and to allocate resources to the segments. However, the dominant measurements are consistent with the company’s consolidated financial statements and, accordingly, are reported on the same basis herein. ManagementThe company evaluates the performance of its segments and allocates resources to them primarily based on pre-tax income along with cash flows and overall economic returns. Intersegment sales are generally accounted for at amounts comparable to sales to unaffiliated customers, and are eliminated in consolidation.
Certain items are maintained at the corporate level and are not allocated to the segments. They primarily include most of the company’s debt and cash and equivalents and related net interest expense, corporate headquarters costs, certain non-strategic investments and related income and expense, certain nonrecurring gains and losses, certain special charges (such as certain restructuring, IPR&D and litigation-related charges), deferred income taxes, certain foreign currencyexchange fluctuations certain employee benefit costs, stock compensation expense,and the majority of the foreign currency and interest rate hedging activities, corporate headquarters costs, stock compensation expense, certain non-strategic investments and related income and expense, certain employee benefit plan costs, certain nonrecurring gains and losses, deferred income taxes, certain litigation liabilities and related insurance receivables, and the revenues income and expensescosts related to the manufacturing, distribution and other transition agreements with Fenwal.
Special charges that were not allocated to a segment in the third quarter and year-to-date period were a third quarter 2007 charge of $56 million related to the average wholesale pricing litigation and IPR&D charges totaling $46 million, with $25 million related to the company’s third quarter 2007 collaboration with HHD and DEKA, $10 million related to the company’s third quarter 2007 in-licensing arrangement with Halozyme, and $11 million related to the second quarter 2007 acquisition of certain assets of MAAS Medical, LLC. See Note 6 for further information regarding the litigation charge and Note 2 for further information regarding the IPR&D charges. Costs of $94 million recorded in the first nine months of 2006 relating to COLLEAGUE infusion pumps are reflected in the Medication Delivery segment’s pre-tax income in the table below. See Note 4 for further information regarding the COLLEAGUE infusion pumps.
Financial information for the company’s segments for the three and nine months ended September 30March 31 is as follows.
            
 
 Three months ended Nine months ended  Three months ended 
 September 30, September 30,  March 31, 
(in millions) 2007 2006 2007 2006  2008 2007 
Net sales
  
BioScience $1,099 $1,088 $3,440 $3,209  $1,210 $1,151 
Medication Delivery 1,047 950 3,076 2,878  1,065 990 
Renal 560 519 1,638 1,528  558 525 
Transition services to Fenwal 44  100  
Transition services to Fenwal Inc. 44 9 
Total $2,750 $2,557 $8,254 $7,615  $2,877 $2,675 
Pre-tax income
  
BioScience $464 $414 $1,338 $1,083  $500 $412 
Medication Delivery 183 157 508 385  92 153 
Renal 91 75 280 273  77 93 
Total pre-tax income from segments $738 $646 $2,126 $1,741  $669 $658 

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Net sales and pre-tax income for the BioScience segment include the resultssales of the TT businessproducts until the completion of the sale of the TT business on February 28, 2007. Net sales related to transitionTransition services to Fenwal representrepresents revenues associated with manufacturing, distribution and other services provided by the company to Fenwal subsequent to the divestiture. Refer to Note 3 for further information.

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The following is a reconciliation of segment pre-tax income to income before income taxes per the consolidated income statements.
            
 
 Three months ended Nine months ended  Three months ended 
 September 30, September 30,  March 31, 
(in millions) 2007 2006 2007 2006  2008 2007 
Total pre-tax income from segments $738 $646 $2,126 $1,741  $669 $658 
Unallocated amounts  
Net interest expense  (6)  (5)  (10)  (33)
Interest expense, net  (17)  (5)
Certain foreign currency fluctuations and hedging activities  (2)  (10)  (11)  (31) 1  (8)
Stock compensation  (36)  (30)  (99)  (68)  (38)  (27)
Restructuring charges    (70)  
Average wholesale pricing litigation charge  (56)   (56)  
IPR&D charges  (35)   (46)  
Other corporate items  (120)  (122)  (314)  (378)  (81)  (89)
Income before income taxes $483 $479 $1,520 $1,231  $534 $529 

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Refer to the company’s 20062007 Annual Report to Shareholders (2006 Annual Report) for management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of the company for the year ended December 31, 2006.2007. The following is management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of the company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007.March 31, 2008.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
NET SALES
      
                
 Three months ended Nine months ended    Three months ended   
 September 30, Percent September 30, Percent  March 31, Percent 
(in millions) 2007 2006 change 2007 2006 change  2008 2007 change 
BioScience $1,099 $1,088  1%  $3,440 $3,209  7%  $1,210 $1,151  5% 
Medication Delivery 1,047 950  10%  3,076 2,878  7%  1,065 990  8% 
Renal 560 519  8%  1,638 1,528  7%  558 525  6% 
Transition services to Fenwal Inc. 44  N/A 100  N/A  44 9  389% 
Total net sales $2,750 $2,557  8%  $8,254 $7,615  8%  $2,877 $2,675  8% 
                      
 Three months ended Nine months ended    Three months ended   
 September 30, Percent September 30, Percent  March 31, Percent 
(in millions) 2007 2006 change 2007 2006 change  2008 2007 change 
International $1,539 $1,445  7%  $4,708 $4,257  11%  $1,698 $1,536  11% 
United States 1,211 1,112  9%  3,546 3,358  6%  1,179 1,139  4% 
Total net sales $2,750 $2,557  8%  $8,254 $7,615  8%  $2,877 $2,675  8% 
ForeignDuring the first quarter of 2008, foreign currency fluctuations benefited sales growth by 4 and 36 percentage points, in the three- and nine-month periods ending September 30, 2007, respectively, principally due to the weakening of the U.S. Dollar relative to the Euro in both periods.Euro.
Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year sales by product line data within the BioScience and Medication Delivery segments to conform to the current year presentation. Specifically, for BioScience, sales of recombinant FIX (BeneFIX), which were previously reported in Recombinants, are now reported in Other. Sales of BeneFIX, which the company marketed for Wyeth outside of the United States, ceased when the company transferred marketing and distribution rights back to Wyeth as of June 30, 2007. The BioSurgery product line is now referred to as Regenerative Medicine. For Medication Delivery, sales of generic injectables, previously included in Anesthesia, are now included in Global Injectables, which was previously referred to as Drug Delivery. There were no sales reclassifications between business segments.
BioScience
             
 
  Three months ended    
  March 31,  Percent 
(in millions) 2008  2007  change 
 
Total net sales $2,877  $2,675   8% 
Pre-divestiture sales of Transfusion Therapies products (included in BioScience segment through the February 28, 2007 divestiture date)     79   (100%)
Transition services to Fenwal Inc. (subsequent to the February 28, 2007 divestiture date)  44   9   389% 
 
Total net sales excluding Transfusion Therapies $2,833  $2,587   10% 
 
Net sales in the BioScience segmentexcluding Transfusion Therapies (TT) increased 1%10% during the thirdfirst quarter and 7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2007of 2008 (including a 3 and 46 percentage point favorable impact from foreign currency fluctuationsfluctuations). Management believes that net sales and sales growth excluding TT facilitates a more meaningful analysis of the company’s net sales growth due to the divestiture of this business in 2007. See Note 3 for further information regarding the divestiture of the TT business.
BioScience
Sales in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, respectively)BioScience segment increased 5% during the first quarter of 2008 (including a 5 percentage point favorable impact from foreign currency fluctuations).
The following is a summary of sales by significant product line.
      
                
 Three months ended Nine months ended    Three months ended   
 September 30, Percent September 30, Percent  March 31, Percent 
(in millions) 2007 2006 change 2007 2006 change  2008 2007 change 
Recombinants $432 $389  11%  $1,251 $1,118  12%  $436 $388  12% 
Plasma Proteins 246 214  15%  714 619  15%  260 225  16% 
Antibody Therapy 245 196  25%  705 578  22%  286 222  29% 
Regenerative Medicine 82 72  14%  251 220  14%  94 82  15% 
Transfusion Therapies  121 N/A 79 371  (79%)  79  (100%)
Other 94 96  (2%) 440 303  45%  134 155  (14%)
Total net sales $1,099 $1,088  1%  $3,440 $3,209  7%  $1,210 $1,151  5% 

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Recombinants
The primary driver of sales growth in the Recombinants product line during the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 20072008 was increased sales volume of the company’s advanced recombinant therapy, ADVATE (Antihemophilicfactor VIII therapies. Factor (Recombinant), Plasma/Albumin-Free Method) rAHF-PFM, which isVIII products are used in the treatment of hemophilia A, which is a bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in blood clotting factor VIII. Sales growth of ADVATE was fueled by the continuing adoption of this therapy by customers of the advanced recombinant therapy, ADVATE (Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant), Plasma/Albumin-Free Method) rAHF-PFM, with strong patient conversion in both the United States and international markets, and increased demand for new dosage forms that reduce both the volume of drug and infusion time required for hemophilia patients needing high doses of factor VIII. Sales of ADVATE totaled approximately $325 million in the first quarter of 2008, compared to $260 million in the first quarter of 2007.
Plasma Proteins
Plasma Proteins include specialty therapeutics, such as FEIBA, an anti-inhibitor coagulant complex, and ARALAST (alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (human)) for the treatment of hereditary emphysema, plasma-derived hemophilia treatments and albumin. Sales growth in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 20072008 was driven by strong volume growthsales of FEIBA, particularly in Europe, improved pricing of albumin, in the United States, and the continuing launch of FLEXBUMIN [Albumin (Human)], an (an albumin therapy packaged in flexible containers, incontainers), FEIBA and ARALAST, with both volume and pricing improvements contributing to the United States. Also impacting sales growth particularly in the third quarter, were strong sales of plasma-derived factor VIII due to increased volume and improved pricing. Sales growth in both periods was also favorably impacted by foreign currency fluctuations.these products.
Antibody Therapy
Higher sales of the liquid formulation of IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin)IGIV (immune globulin intravenous), which is used in the treatment of immune deficiencies, spurredfueled sales growth during the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2007,2008, with increased volume, driven by strong patient conversion from lyophilized IVIG to the liquid formulation, and continuing improvements in pricing in the United States and Europe.Europe, and continuing customer conversions to the liquid formulation for the product. Because it does not need to be reconstituted prior to infusion, the higher-yielding liquid formulation offers added convenience for clinicians and patients.
Regenerative Medicine
This product line principally includes plasma-based and non-plasma-based biosurgery products for hemostasis (the stoppage of bleeding), wound-sealing and tissue regeneration. Growth in both the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 20072008 was principally driven by increased sales volume of the company’s sealants, FloSealFLOSEAL and CoSeal.COSEAL sealants.
Transfusion Therapies
The transfusion therapies product line included products and systems for use in the collection and preparation of blood and blood components. See Note 3 for information regarding the company’s February 28, 2007 sale of substantially all of the assets and liabilities of this business.
Other
Other BioScience products primarily consist of vaccines and sales of plasma to third parties. The decrease in sales in this product line in the thirdfirst quarter of 2008 was primarily due to the transfer of marketing and distribution rights for recombinant FIX (BeneFIX) back to Wyeth effective June 30, 2007. Sales of BeneFIX were approximately $110 million in 2007 through the June 30, 2007 transition date, and approximately $45 million and $130$50 million in the thirdfirst quarter andof 2007. Also contributing to the decrease in sales were large shipments of candidate H5N1 influenza vaccine to various governments worldwide in the first nine monthsquarter of 2006, respectively.2007. Partially offsetting this impactthese declines in the quarter was approximately $15 million of milestone revenue associated with the development of a candidate pandemic vaccine and a seasonal influenza vaccine for the U.S. government, andwere strong international sales of FSME Immun (for the prevention of tick-borne encephalitis) and NeisVac-C (for the prevention of meningitis C). Sales growth in the first nine months of 2007 was driven by increased sales of FSME Immun and NeisVac-C, sales related, principally due to shipments of influenza vaccines for government stockpiles around the world, and the favorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations.pricing improvements. Sales of vaccines may fluctuate from period to period based on the timing of government tenders and new supply agreements, and are generally higher in the first half of the year as a result of increased seasonal usage of certain vaccines, such as FSME Immun.agreements.
Medication Delivery
Net sales for the Medication Delivery segment increased 10%8% during the thirdfirst quarter and 7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2007of 2008 (including a 4 and 36 percentage point favorable impact from foreign currency fluctuations in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, respectively)fluctuations).

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The following is a summary of sales by significant product line.
      
                
 Three months ended Nine months ended    Three months ended   
 September 30, Percent September 30, Percent  March 31, Percent 
(in millions) 2007 2006 change 2007 2006 change  2008 2007 change 
IV Therapies $346 $317  9%  $1,012 $944  7%  $371 $320  16% 
Global Injectables 372 350  6%  1,114 1,079  3%  368 361  2% 
Infusion Systems 207 197  5%  624 596  5%  220 209  5% 
Anesthesia 111 76  46%  296 225  32%  99 89  11% 
Other 11 10  10%  30 34  (12%) 7 11  (36%)
Total net sales $1,047 $950  10%  $3,076 $2,878  7%  $1,065 $990  8% 
IV Therapies
This product line principally consists of intravenous (IV) solutions and nutritional products. Growth for the third quarter and first nine months of 2007 was principally driven by the favorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations,increased demand for IV therapy products in Europe, Latin America, and Asia, particularly in China, and strong international sales of nutritional products, and increased sales volume of IV therapy products in Asia, particularly in China, and Europe.products. Also impacting sales growth in the third quarter were modest pricing improvements for IV therapy products in the United States.States and the favorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations.
Global Injectables
This product line primarily consists of the company’s pharmaceutical company partnering business, enhanced packaging, pre-mixedpremixed drugs and generic injectables. Contributing to sales growth in the first quarter of 2008 were strong international sales in the pharmacy-compounding business. Sales levels in the third quarter and first nine months of 2007 benefited from accelerated growth associated withwere unfavorably impacted by a decline in revenues in the pharmaceutical company partnering business but were unfavorably impacted by a decrease in the United States and lower sales of generic injectables, primarily driven by the continued decline in sales of generic propofolprincipally due to the transfer of marketing and distribution rights for generic propofol back to Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. effective July 1, 2007. Sales of propofol were insignificant in the third quarter of 2007, and weretotaled approximately $20 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2006. Sales of propofol totaled approximately $35 million and $85 million in the first nine months of 2007 and 2006, respectively.2007.
Infusion Systems
Sales growth in this product linethe first quarter of 2008 was consistent with market growth. Increased internationaldriven by the favorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations and increased sales of disposable tubing sets used in the administration of IV solutions and the favorable impactsolutions. Sales of foreign currency fluctuations contributed to the sales growth in both the third quarter and first nine months of 2007. Also impacting sales growthCOLLEAGUE infusion pumps were flat in the first nine monthsquarter of 2007 were increased international sales of COLLEAGUE infusion pumps.2008 as compared to the prior year period. Refer to the 2006 Annual Report and Note 4 in this report and the “Certain Regulatory Matters” section below for additional information.information, including charges recorded in the first quarter of 2008, related to the COLLEAGUE infusion pump.
Anesthesia
Sales growth in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 20072008 was due todriven by strong international sales, principally as a result of increased penetration of SUPRANE (desflurane, USP) and sevoflurane, as well as the impact of favorable foreign currency fluctuations. Salesthe launch of sevoflurane in additional geographic markets. Partially offsetting this growth of SUPRANE forwere decreased sales in the third quarter was positivelyUnited States, which were unfavorably impacted by wholesaler purchasing patterns in the United States in the prior year. The company continues to benefit from its position as the only global supplierfirst quarter of all three modern inhaled anesthetics (SUPRANE, sevoflurane and isoflurane).
Other
This category primarily includes other hospital-distributed products in international markets.2008.
Renal
Net salesSales in the Renal segment increased 8%6% during the thirdfirst quarter and 7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2007of 2008 (including a 5 and 4an 8 percentage point favorable impact from foreign currency fluctuations in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, respectively)fluctuations).
The following is a summary of sales by significant product line.
      
                
 Three months ended Nine months ended    Three months ended   
 September 30, Percent September 30, Percent  March 31, Percent 
(in millions) 2007 2006 change 2007 2006 change  2008 2007 change 
PD Therapy $448 $409  10%  $1,310 $1,205  9%  $445 $419  6% 
HD Therapy 112 110  2%  328 323  2%  113 106  7% 
Total net sales $560 $519  8%  $1,638 $1,528  7%  $558 $525  6% 
PD Therapy
Peritoneal dialysis, or PD Therapy, is a dialysis treatment method for end-stage renal disease. PD Therapy, which is used primarily at home, uses the peritoneal membrane, or abdominal lining, as a natural filter to remove waste from the bloodstream. TheExcluding the impact of foreign currency, sales growthdeclined slightly in the third quarter, and first nine months of 2007 was primarily driven by anas increased numbernumbers of patients in Latin America, Asia, particularly in China, and the United States, as well asand Central and Eastern Europe were more than offset by the favorable impactloss of foreign currency fluctuations.a government tender in Mexico. Increased penetration of PD Therapy products continues to be strong in emerging markets, where many people with end-stage renal disease are currently under-treated.

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HD Therapy
Hemodialysis, or HD Therapy, is another form of end-stage renal disease dialysis therapy whichthat is generally performed in a hospital or outpatient center. In HD Therapy, works by removingthe patient’s blood is pumped outside the body to be cleansed of wastes and fluid from the blood by using a machine and aan external filter, also known as a dialyzer. Sales levels inThe sales growth during the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2007 benefited from2008 was principally driven by the favorable impact of foreign exchange, which was partially offset by a decline in sales of dialyzers in both periods.dialyzers.
Transition servicesServices to Fenwal Inc.
Net sales in this category representrepresents revenues associated with manufacturing, distribution and other services provided by the company to Fenwal Inc. (Fenwal) subsequent to the divestiture of the Transfusion Therapies (TT)TT business on February 28, 2007. See Note 3 for further information.
GROSS MARGIN AND EXPENSE RATIOS
            
                
 Three months ended Nine months ended    Three months ended  
 September 30, September 30,    March 31,  
 2007 2006 Change 2007 2006 Change 2008 2007 Change
Gross margin  50.0%  47.5% 2.5 pts  48.9%  44.9% 4.0 pts  48.0%   47.3%  0.7 pts
Marketing and administrative expenses  24.1%  22.0% 2.1 pts  22.6%  21.9% 0.7 pts  22.2%   21.8%  0.4 pts
Gross Margin
The improvement in gross margin in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 20072008 was principally driven by the continued adoption by customers of ADVATE, customer conversion to ADVATE and the liquid formulation of IVIG,IGIV, manufacturing efficiencies and yield improvements, improved pricing for certain plasma protein products, and strong sales of certain vaccines. Also contributing to
Included in the improvement in 2007 were costs of $94 millioncompany’s gross margin in the first nine monthsquarter of 2006 relating2008 were charges of $53 million related to COLLEAGUE infusion pumps and $19 million related to the Medication Delivery segment’s COLLEAGUE infusion pumps.company’s recall of its heparin products in the United States. These charges decreased the gross margin by approximately 2.5 percentage points in the quarter. Refer to Note 4 for further information.information on these charges.
Marketing and Administrative Expenses
The increase in the marketing and administrative expensesexpense ratio in the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 20072008 was principally due to fluctuations in foreign currency, an increase in stock compensation costs including both cash and stock-based compensation, and a pre-tax charge of $56 million to establish reservesspending related to certain marketing programs, particularly in the average wholesale pricing litigation,BioScience segment, partially offset by a reduction in expenses due to the February 28, 2007 divestiture of the TT business. See Note 3 regarding the divestiture offor further information about the TT business and Note 6 regarding the average wholesale pricing litigation.divestiture.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
            
                
 Three months ended Nine months ended    Three months ended  
 September 30, Percent September 30, Percent  March 31, Percent
(in millions) 2007 2006 change 2007 2006 change  2008 2007 change
Research and development (R&D) expenses  $203  $149  36%  $539  $433  24%  $190  $159  19% 
As a percent of sales  7.4%  5.8%  6.5%  5.7%   6.6%   5.9%  
R&D expenses increased during the thirdfirst quarter and first nine months of 2007,2008, with strong growth in spending on R&D projects across all three of the company’s businesses reflecting the company’s commitment to accelerate R&D investments. Refer to the 20062007 Annual Report for a discussion of the company’s R&D pipeline. The increase in the third quarter and first nine months of 2007 was driven by a significant increase in R&D spending in the BioScience segment related to the adult stem-cell therapy program and certain clinical trials. In addition, the increase in R&D expenses in both periods was due to a $25 million in-process R&D (IPR&D)

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charge related to a collaboration for the development of a next-generation home HD machine and a $10 million IPR&D charge related to an in-licensing arrangement with Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc. (Halozyme). The increase in the year-to-date period was also due to an $11 million IPR&D charge relating to the acquisition of certain assets of MAAS Medical, LLC, a company that specializes in infusion systems technology. See Note 2 for further information regarding these IPR&D charges.
2007 RESTRUCTURING PROGRAMSCHARGE
2007 Restructuring Charges
During the second quarter of 2007, the company recorded pre-taxa restructuring chargescharge of $70 million principally associated with the consolidation of certain commercial and manufacturing operations outside of the United States. Based upon a review of current and future capacity needs, the company decided to integrate several facilities in order to reduce the company’s cost structure and optimize the company’s operations.
Included in the charge was $17 million related to asset impairments principally to write down property, plant and equipment based on market data for the assets. Also included in the charge was $53 million for cash costs, principally pertaining to severance and other employee-related costs associated with the elimination of approximately 550 positions, or approximately 1% of the company’s total workforce. Reserve utilization through the third quarter of 2007 was not significant.costs. The reserve for severance and othercash costs is expected to be utilized by the end of 2009, with the majority of the payments2009. Refer to be made in 2007 andNote 4 for further information, including reserve utilization through March 31, 2008.

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The company believes that the reserves are adequate. However, adjustments may be recorded in the future as the programs are completed. Cash expenditures are being funded with cash generated from operations.
Management estimates that these initiatives will yield savings of approximately $0.02 per diluted share when the programs are fully implemented in 2009. The savings from these actions will impact cost of sales, general and administrative expenses and R&D, principally within the company’s Medication Delivery segment.
2004 Restructuring Charge
During 2004, the company recorded a $543 million pre-tax restructuring charge principally associated with management’s decision to implement actions to reduce the company’s overall cost structure and to drive sustainable improvements in financial performance. The charge was primarily for severance and costs associated with the closing of facilities and the exiting of contracts. Refer to Note 4 for further information, including reserve utilization through September 30, 2007. The company believes that the restructuring program is substantially complete and that the remaining reserves are adequate. However, remaining cash payments are subject to change. The cash expenditures are being funded with cash generated from operations. Original estimates of the benefits of the program are substantially unchanged.
NET INTEREST EXPENSE
Net interest expense was $6$17 million and $5 million during the third quarters of 2007 and 2006, respectively, and $10 million and $33 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The decrease in the first nine months of 2007 was principally due to a higher average cash balance and higher interest rates. As discussed below, during the first quarter of 2006, certain maturing2008, compared to $5 million in the first quarter of 2007. The increase was driven by a higher average debt level, principally due to the December 2007 issuance of $500 million of senior unsecured notes, and a lower average cash balance, partially due to share repurchases in the quarter. Also contributing to the increase in net interest expense was paid down using a portionthe impact of the $1.25 billion cash proceeds received upon settlementterminations of the equity units purchase contracts in February 2006.certain cross-currency swap agreements.
OTHER EXPENSE,INCOME, NET
Other expense,income, net was $21$1 million and $20$10 million during the thirdfirst quarters of 20072008 and 2006, respectively, and $28 million and $55 million during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2007, and 2006, respectively. Other expense,income, net in both periods principally included amounts relating to foreign exchange, minority interests and equity method investments. InOther income, net in the first nine monthsquarter of 2008 included $16 million of income related to the finalization of the net assets transferred in the divestiture of the TT business. Other income, net in the first quarter of 2007 other expense, net included a gain on the sale of the TT business of $58 million less related charges of $35 million, for a net impact of $0.01 per diluted share on an after-tax basis.million. See Note 3 for further information.
PRE-TAX INCOME
Refer to Note 78 for a summary of financial results by segment. Certain items are maintained at the company’s corporate level and are not allocated to the segments. The following is a summary of significant factors impacting the segments’ financial results.

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BioScience
Pre-tax income increased 12% and 24% for21% in the three- and nine-month periods ending September 30, 2007, respectively.first quarter of 2008. The primary drivers of the increase in both periods were strong sales of higher-margin products, which were fueled by the continued adoption of ADVATE, the conversion to the liquid formulation of IVIG, volume growth andIGIV, improved pricing of certain plasma protein products, strong sales of certain vaccines, as well as continued cost and yield improvements.improvements and the favorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations. Partially offsetting this growth was the impact of higher spending on new marketing programs and increased R&D spending related to the adult stem-cell therapy program and certain clinical trials. Also contributing
Medication Delivery
Pre-tax income decreased 40% in the first quarter of 2008. The primary drivers of the decline were charges in the first quarter of 2008 of $53 million related to COLLEAGUE infusion pumps and $19 million related to the growthcompany’s recall of its heparin products in pre-tax income in both periodsthe United States, as well as increased spending on marketing programs and R&D. See Note 4 for further information about the COLLEAGUE and heparin charges. Partially offsetting the impact of these items was an improved product mix, particularly outside of the United States, and the favorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations.
Medication Delivery
Pre-tax income increased 17% and 32% for the three- and nine-month periods ending September 30, 2007, respectively. The primary driver in the third quarter was an improved product mix, with sales of higher-margin SUPRANE and disposable access sets offsetting the continued decline in sales of generic propofol. Also contributing to the increase in pre-tax income in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 were costs of $94 million related to COLLEAGUE infusion pumps recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2006. See Note 4 for further information. Pre-tax income in both periods also benefited from the favorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations, partially offset by increased spending on R&D and marketing programs.
Renal
Pre-tax income increased 21%decreased 17% in the first quarter of 2008. The decrease was principally due to the loss of a PD tender in Mexico and 3% for the three- and nine-month periods ending September 30, 2007, respectively. The segment’s sales growth, which was driven by continued PD patient growth in developing countries and the favorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations, was partially offset by increased spending on marketing programs and new product development.development, including the next-generation home HD machine, partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations.
Other
Certain incomeitems are maintained at the company’s corporate level and expense amounts are not allocated to the segments. These amounts are detailed in a table in Note 7 anditems primarily include net interest expense, certain foreign currency fluctuations and the majority of the foreign currency and interest rate hedging activities, stock compensation expense, income and expense related to certain non-strategic investments, corporate headquarters costs, certain employee benefit plan costs, certain nonrecurring gains and losses, and certain special charges (such as certain restructuring, litigation-related and IPR&D charges), and income related to the manufacturing, distribution and other transition agreements with Fenwal. Refer to Note 8 for a reconciliation of segment pre-tax income to income before income taxes per the consolidated income statements. The significant factors impacting these other items are described below.

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Refer to the discussion above regarding restructuring charges and net interest expense,expense. The $9 million change related to foreign exchange fluctuations and Note 5 regardinghedging activities was due to the favorable impact of the company’s cash flow hedges. The increase in stock compensation expense.
Net costs not allocatedexpense was principally due to recent changes in the company’s stock compensation programs, including the granting of performance share units beginning in 2007 and an amendment to the segments increasedcompany’s employee stock purchase plan effective January 1, 2008. Refer to the 2007 Annual Report for further information regarding these changes.
The decrease in other corporate items in the thirdfirst quarter of 2008 was primarily due to a pre-tax chargeincome of $56 million to establish reserves related to the average wholesale pricing litigation and IPR&D charges of $25 million associated with the company’s collaboration for the development of a next-generation home HD machine and $10$16 million related to the in-licensing arrangementfinalization of the net assets transferred in the divestiture of the TT business, revenue recognized as services were performed under the manufacturing, distribution and other transition agreements with Halozyme. In the year-to-date period, net costs not allocatedbuyer of the TT business, and the impact of a $10 million voluntary contribution to the segments increased due to the items noted above as well as an $11 million IPR&D charge associated with the second quarter acquisition of certain assets of MAAS Medical, LLC. The increaseBaxter International Foundation in the year-to-date period wasfirst quarter of 2007. These items were partially offset by other income of $23 million which reflects ain the first quarter of 2007, reflecting the $58 million gain on the first quarter sale of the TT business less related charges of $35 million, and reduced spending on corporate staffing costs.million. Refer to Note 2 regarding the acquisitions of, and investments in, businesses and technologies, Note 3 for further information regarding the divestiture of the TT business and Note 6 regarding the average wholesale pricing litigation.business.
INCOME TAXES
The company’s effective income tax rate was 18.2%19.7% and 21.9%23.8% in the thirdfirst quarters of 2008 and 2007, and 2006, respectively, and 19.1% and 21.6%respectively. The effective tax rate in the nine-month periods ended September 30,first quarter of 2007 was unusually high due to the tax impact of the gain on the divestiture of the TT business and 2006, respectively.related charges recorded in that period. Refer to Note 3 for further information about the divestiture of the TT business. The company anticipates that the effective tax rate, calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), will be approximately 19% for full-year 2007,to 19.5% in 2008, excluding any impact from additional audit developments or other special items.
The decrease in the third quarter was principally due to a $57 million reduction of the valuation allowance on net operating loss carryforwards in a foreign jurisdiction due to recent profitability improvements, a $12 million reduction in tax expense due to recently enacted legislation reducing corporate income tax rates in Germany, as well as an approximately $8 million net favorable tax impact of a charge related to the

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company’s average wholesale pricing litigation (see Note 6 for further information regarding this charge) and IPR&D charges recorded in the quarter (see Note 2 for further information regarding these charges). In addition, as a result of profitability in lower tax rate jurisdictions around the world that was higher than previous estimates, the company lowered its expected full-year tax rate on earnings excluding special items, which reduced income tax expense in the quarter by approximately $14 million related to earnings through the first half of 2007. Partially offsetting these items in the quarter was $84 million of U.S. income tax expense related to foreign earnings, which are no longer considered permanently reinvested outside of the United States because management now believes these earnings will be remitted to the United States in the forseeable future.
In addition to the items noted above, the decrease in the year-to-date period was due to the extension of tax incentives and the favorable settlement of a tax audit in jurisdictions outside of the United States, as well as the impact of the second quarter 2007 restructuring charges. These benefits were partially offset by the tax impact of the gain on the divestiture of the TT business and related charges. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 was impacted by costs associated with the COLLEAGUE and SYNDEO infusion pumps that have lower tax benefits. Refer to Note 3 for further information on the divestiture and Note 4 for further information on the restructuring charges recorded in 2007 and the infusion pump charges recorded in 2006.
INCOME AND EARNINGS PER DILUTED SHARE
Net income was $395$429 million, and $374 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, and $1,229 million and $965 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Net incomeor $0.67 per diluted share, was $0.61 and $0.57 for the three months ended September 30, 2007first quarter of 2008 and 2006, respectively, and $1.87 and $1.47 for$403 million, or $0.61 per diluted share, in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively.prior year quarter. The significant factors and events contributing to thesethe changes are discussed above.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principlesGAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. A summary of the company’s significant accounting policies as of December 31, 20062007 is included in Note 1 to the company’s consolidated financial statements in the 20062007 Annual Report. Certain of the company’s accounting policies are considered critical, as these policies are the most important to the depiction of the company’s financial statements and require significant, difficult or complex judgments, often employing the use of estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. Such policies are summarized in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section in the 20062007 Annual Report.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
CASH FLOWS
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash flows from operating activities increased by $133 million during the first nine monthsquarter of 20072008 as compared to the prior year, totaling $362 million in the first quarter of 2008 and $215 million in 2007. The increase in cash flows was primarily due to the impact of higher earnings (before non-cash items) and the other factors discussed below.
Accounts Receivable
Cash flows relating to accounts receivable decreasedincreased during the first nine monthsquarter of 20072008 as compared to the prior year. Days sales outstanding increased from 55.955.3 days at September 30, 2006March 31, 2007 to 58.756.3 days at September 30, 2007,March 31, 2008, primarily due to a shift in the geographic mix of sales to certain international locations with longer collection periods and a decrease in cash proceeds from the securitization and factoring of receivables, principally due to the termination of the European securitization arrangement in the fourth quarter of 2007. See the 2007 Annual Report for further information. The impact of these factors was partially offset by an improvement in the collection of receivables in the United States and an increase in the cash proceeds from the securitization and factoring of receivables.States.

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Inventories
The company’s investmentCash outflows relating to inventories decreased in inventories increased in 2007, resulting in cash outflows of $261 million in the first nine months of 2007, compared to cash outflows of $108 million in the first nine months of 2006.2008. The following is a summary of inventories at September 30, 2007March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2006,2007, as well as inventory turns for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2008 and 2007, and 2006, by segment.

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 Inventories Annualized inventory turns  Inventories Annualized inventory turns
 September 30, December 31, for the nine months ended September 30,  March 31, December 31, for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except inventory turn data) 2007 2006 2007 2006  2008 2007 2008 2007 
BioScience  $1,232  $1,138 1.43 1.72  $1,355 $1,234 1.44 1.87 
Medication Delivery 850 719 2.85 3.01  880 826 2.98 3.08 
Renal 238 209 4.55 4.24  263 236 4.18 4.48 
Other 38 38   
Total  $2,320  $2,066 2.28 2.44  $2,536 $2,334 2.27 2.59 
Inventories increased $202 million in the first quarter of 2008, with approximately half of the increase related to foreign currency fluctuations. The lower inventory turns in the BioScience segment were primarily due to a plannedan increase in plasma inventories and increased inventory as a result of a settlement with a supplier during the first quarter of 2007, partially offset by a decline in inventory relatedtransition to the divestiturecompany’s new plasma fractionation facility in Los Angeles, California, as well as planned increases in stock levels of the TT business.certain plasma protein products to ensure continuity of care. The lower inventory turns in the Medication Delivery segment were primarily due to an increase in infusion pump inventory related to the above-mentioned sales hold on COLLEAGUE pumps in the United States.
Liabilities, Restructuring Payments and Other
Cash outflows related to liabilities, restructuring payments and other decreasedincreased in the first ninethree months of 20072008 as compared to the prior year period, principally duedriven by the timing of accounts payable and the payment of income taxes. Also contributing to $52 millionthe increase in cash outflows were the impact of cash inflows in the first quarter of 2007 of $52 million resulting from a prepayment relating to the Fenwal manufacturing, distribution and other transition agreements.agreements and $25 million of excess tax benefits from stock option exercises. Refer to Note 3 for further information.information regarding the agreements with Fenwal and Note 6 regarding the excess tax benefits from stock option exercises. Also contributing to the decreaseincrease in cash outflows were reduced payments related to the company’s restructuring programs, which declinedincreased by $14$9 million.
Partially offsetting these increases in cash outflows were the settlements of certain mirror cross-currency swaps, which resulted in operating cash inflows of $12 million and decreased contributions to the company’s pension plans. The first nine months of 2006 included a contribution to a non-U.S. plan of $31 million. There were no significant pension plan contributions in the first nine monthsquarter of 2007.
Partially offsetting the decrease in cash outflows in the first nine months of 2007 were operating2008 as compared to cash outflows of $31 million related to the settlement of certain mirror cross-currency swaps. There were no settlements of cross-currency swaps duringin the first nine monthsquarter of 2006.2007. Refer to the 20062007 Annual Report for further information regarding these swaps.
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital Expenditures
Capital expenditures increased $88$64 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2007,March 31, 2008, from $336$93 million in 20062007 to $424$157 million in 2007.2008. The company is investing in various multi-year capital projects across its three segments, including ongoing projects to upgrade facilities or increase manufacturing capacity for global injectables, plasma-based (including antibody therapy) and other products.
Acquisitions of and Investments in Businesses and Technologies
Cash outflows relating to acquisitions of and investments in businesses and technologies of $61 million in the first quarter of 2008 principally related to an IV solutions business in China and certain smaller acquisitions and investments. Included in the cash outflows in the first quarter of 2008 were payments of $10 million related to the company’s fourth quarter 2007 agreement with Nycomed Pharma AS (Nycomed) to market and distribute Nycomed’s TachoSil surgical patch in the United States, and $5 million related to the fourth quarter 2007 amendment of the company’s exclusive R&D, license and manufacturing agreement with Nektar Therapeutics (Nektar) to include the use of Nektar’s proprietary PEGylation technology in the development of longer-acting forms of blood clotting proteins.
Cash outflows relating to the acquisitions of and investments in businesses and technologies of $83$31 million in the first nine monthsquarter of 2007 included $30 millionprincipally related to the expansion of the company’s existing agreements with Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc. (Halozyme) to include the use of HYLENEX recombinant (hyaluronidase human injection) with the company’s proprietary and non-proprietary small molecule drugs, $25 million relateddrugs.

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Refer to the company’s collaboration with HHD, LLC, DEKA Products Limited Partnership and DEKA Research and Development Corp. for the development of a next-generation home HD machine, $11 million for the acquisition of certain assets of MAAS Medical, LLC, a company that specializes in infusion systems technology, and $10 million related to an in-licensing arrangement to apply Halozyme’s Enhanze technology to the development of a subcutaneous route of administration for Baxter’s liquid formulation of IVIG. See Note 22007 Annual Report for further information.information about the arrangements with Nycomed, Nektar and Halozyme.
Divestitures and Other
Cash inflows relating to divestitures and other in the first nine monthsquarter of 2008 principally consisted of cash collections from customers relating to previously securitized receivables. In the fourth quarter of 2007, the company repurchased the third party interest in receivables previously sold under the European securitization arrangement, and the European facility was not renewed. Refer to the 2007 Annual Report for further information.
Cash inflows in the first quarter of 2007 principally related to $421 million of cash proceeds from the divestiture of the TT business. Refer to Note 3 for further information about the TT divestiture. The $421 million represented the $473 million cash received upon divestiture less the $52 million prepayment related to the manufacturing, distribution and other transition agreements, which was classified in the operating section of the statement of cash flows. The cashinformation. Cash inflows in both 20072008 and 20062007 also included collections on retained interests associated with securitization arrangements.
Cash flows from financing activities
Debt Issuances, Net of Payments of Obligations
Net cash outflows relating to debt and other financing obligations in the first quarter of 2008 totaled $428$455 million, as compared to $206 million in the prior year period. Financing cash outflows related to the settlement of certain cross-currency swaps were $169 million and $147 million during the first nine monthsquarters of 2008 and 2007, as compared to $528 million during the prior year period. The first nine months of 2007 included financing cash outflows of $196 million related to the

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settlement of certain cross-currency swaps.respectively. Refer to the 20062007 Annual Report for further information regarding these swaps. Using the cash proceeds from the settlement of the equity units purchase contractsCash outflows in February 2006 (further discussed below), the company paid down maturing debt during the first quarter of 2006.2008 also included the repayment of the company’s 5.196% notes, which approximated $250 million, upon their maturity in February 2008.
Other Financing Activities
Cash dividend payments which totaled $598$138 million in the first nine monthsquarter of 2007, increased from the prior year due to a change2008 and $380 million in the company’s dividend payment schedule.first quarter of 2007. Beginning in 2007, the company converted from an annual to a quarterly dividend payment and increased itsthe dividend by 15% on an annualized basis, to $0.1675 per share per quarter. The final annual basis. Thedividend of $380 million was paid in January 2007, and the first quarterly dividend was paid in the second quarter of 2007. In November 2007, the board of directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.1675$0.2175 per share ($0.87 per share on an annualized basis), which was paid on July 2, 2007January 3, 2008 to shareholders of record as of JuneDecember 10, 2007. This dividend represented an increase of 30% over the previous quarterly rate of $0.1675 per share.
Cash received for stock issued under employee stock plans increaseddecreased by $305$89 million, from $195$201 million in the first nine monthsquarter of 20062007 to $500$112 million in the first nine monthsquarter of 2007,2008, primarily due to an increasea decrease in stock option exercises. Also, realized excess tax benefits of $25 million, principally associated with stock option exercises, were presented as well as a higher average exercise price.
In February 2006,an inflow within the company issued 35 million shares of common stock for $1.25 billion in conjunction with the settlementfinancing section of the purchase contracts includedstatement of cash flows in the first quarter of 2007. No income tax benefits were realized from stock-based compensation during the first quarter of 2008 due to the company’s equity units. In August 2006, the company issued $600 million of term debt, maturing in September 2016 and bearing a 5.9% coupon rate.U.S. net operating loss position. Refer to the 2006 Annual ReportNote 6 for further information regarding the equity units and the August 2006 debt issuance.information.
Stock repurchases totaled $1.64 billion$545 million in the first nine monthsquarter of 20072008 as compared to $479$270 million in the prior year period.quarter. As authorized by the board of directors, from time to time the company repurchases its stock depending upon the company’s cash flows, net debt level and current market conditions. In March 2007, the board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $2.0 billion of the company’s common stock. In March 2008, the board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $2.0 billion of the company’s common stock. At September 30, 2007, $1.37March 31, 2008, $2.6 billion remained available under the FebruaryMarch 2007 authorization.and March 2008 authorizations.
CREDIT FACILITIES AND ACCESS TO CAPITAL
Refer to the 20062007 Annual Report for further discussion of the company’s credit facilities and access to capital.
Credit facilities
The company had $1.8$1.7 billion of cash and equivalents at September 30, 2007.March 31, 2008. The company has twocompany’s primary revolving credit facilities, which totaled approximately $2.2 billion at September 30, 2007. Onefacility has a maximum capacity of the facilities totals $1.5 billion and matures in December 2011 and the second2011. The company also maintains a credit facility which is denominated in Euros totalswith a maximum capacity of approximately $698$475 million andat March 31, 2008. This facility, which matures in January 2013, replaced the previous Euro-denominated facility, which matured in January 2008. TheseThe company’s facilities enable the company to borrow funds in U.S. Dollars, Euros, Japanese Yen or Swiss Francs on an unsecured basis at variable interest rates, and contain various covenants, including a maximum net-debt-to-capital ratio and, solely with respect to the Euro-denominated facility, a minimum interest coverage ratio. At September 30, 2007,March 31, 2008, the company was in compliance with the financial covenants in these agreements. There were no borrowings outstanding under theseeither of the two outstanding facilities at September 30, 2007.March 31, 2008.

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Access to capital
The company intends to fund short-term and long-term obligations as they mature through cash on hand, future cash flows from operations, or by issuing additional debt or common stock. During the first nine months of 2007, Fitch upgradedThere were no changes in the company’s debt ratings on senior debt from A- to A and short-term debt from F2 to F1, with a Stable outlook, and Moody’s favorably changed its outlook on Baxter from Stable to Positive.in the first quarter of 2008.
The company’s ability to generate cash flows from operations, issue debt or enter into other financing arrangements and attract long-term capital on acceptable terms could be adversely affected if there is a material decline in the demand for the company’s products, deterioration in the company’s key financial ratios or credit ratings, or other significantly unfavorable changes in conditions. The company believes it has sufficient financial flexibility in the future to issue debt, enter into other financing arrangements, and attract long-term capital on acceptable terms to support the company’s growth objectives.
LEGAL CONTINGENCIES
Refer to Note 67 for a discussion of the company’s legal contingencies. Upon resolution of any of these uncertainties, the company may incur charges in excess of presently established liabilities. While the liability of the company in connection with the claims cannot be estimated

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with any certainty, and although the resolution in any reporting period of one or more of these matters could have a significant impact on the company’s results of operations for that period, the outcome of these legal proceedings is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the company’s consolidated financial position. While the company believes that it has valid defenses in these matters, litigation is inherently uncertain, excessive verdicts do occur, and the company may in the future incur material judgments or enter into material settlements of claims.
CERTAIN REGULATORY MATTERS
The company began to hold shipments of COLLEAGUE infusion pumps in July 2005, and continues to hold shipments of new pumps in the United States. In October 2005,Following a number of Class I recalls (recalls at the United States filed a complaint in the U.S.D.C.highest priority level for the Northern DistrictU.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)) relating to the performance of Illinois to effect the seizure of approximately 5,400 Baxter-owned COLLEAGUE pumps, as well as 830 SYNDEO PCA syringe pumps that were on holdthe seizure litigation described in Northern Illinois. Customer-owned pumps were not affected. In June 2006, Baxter Healthcare Corporation (BHC), a direct wholly-owned subsidiary ofNote 7, the company entered into a Consent Decree for Condemnation and Permanent Injunction with the United States to resolve this seizure litigation. The Consent Decree outlinesin June 2006 outlining the steps BHCthe company must take to resume sales of new pumps in the United States. Additional Class I recalls related to remediation and repair and maintenance activities were addressed by the company in 2007. The steps include obtaining U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of BHC’s plan to resolve issues with the pumps currently in use in the United States, third-party expertConsent Decree provides for reviews of COLLEAGUE and SYNDEO operations, and other measures to ensure compliance with FDA’s Quality System Regulations. In December 2006, BHC received conditional approval from FDA for its plan to resolve issues with the COLLEAGUE pumps currently in use in the United States. In February 2007, BHC received clearance from FDA on its COLLEAGUE infusion pump 510(k) pre-market notification, which included modifications to the current COLLEAGUE device to resolve the issues with the pumps. BHC began deployment of the modifications in the second quarter.
In June 2007, BHC halted modifications to triple channel COLLEAGUE pumps as a result of a field corrective action related to the modifications made to the pumps, which FDA subsequently classified as a Class I recall. BHC removed approximately 4,500 affected modified triple channel COLLEAGUE pumps from use. The 75,000 non-modified triple channel COLLEAGUE pumps remain in use pending future modifications to be made subject to FDA approval. Modifications continue on the 200,000 single channel COLLEAGUE pumps not affected by the recall.
In July 2007, FDA classified BHC’s field corrective action regarding service and repair data for the COLLEAGUE and FLO-GARD infusion pumps as a Class I recall. The recall pertained to infusion pumps in the United States brought in for routine maintenance or corrections and is not directly associated with the COLLEAGUE remediation efforts discussed above.
In August 2007, FDA classified BHC’s field corrective action regarding certain remediated COLLEAGUE infusion pumps as a Class I recall. The recall pertained to certain infusion pumps in remediation where all elements required under the company’s remediation plan failed to be completed. All infusion pumps subject to this Class I recall have been removed from use.
As required under the Consent Decree, the company’s outside expert (Paraxel) has reviewed and certified the company’s facilities, processes and controls. The certification was delivered to FDA in October 2007. As provided for in the Consent Decree, FDA may now inspect the company’s facilities, processes and controls by the company’s outside expert, followed by the FDA. In December 2007, following the outside expert’s review the FDA inspected and remains in a dialogue with the company with respect to determine thatobservations from its inspection as well as the requirementsvalidation of modifications to the Consent Decree have been met.pump required to be completed in order to secure approval for recommercialization.
As previously disclosed, BHCthe company received a Warning Letter from the FDA in March 2005 regarding observations, primarily related to dialysis equipment, that arose from the FDA’s inspection of the company’s manufacturing facility located in Largo, Florida. During 2007, the FDA re-inspected the Largo manufacturing facility and, in a follow-up regulatory meeting, indicated that a number of observations remain open.
In the first quarter of 2008, the company identified an increasing level of severe allergic-type and hypotensive adverse reactions occurring in patients using its heparin sodium injection products in the United States. The company initiated a field corrective action with respect to the products; however, due to users’ needs for the products, the company and the FDA concluded that public health considerations warranted permitting selected dosages of the products to remain in distribution for use where medically necessary until alternate sources became available in the quarter, at which time the company’s products were removed from distribution.
While the company continues to work to resolve the issues described above, there can be no assurance that additional costs or civil and criminal penalties will not be incurred, or that additional regulatory actions with respect to the company will not occur, that the company will not face civil claims for damages from purchasers or users, that substantial additional charges or significant asset impairments may not be required, that sales of any other product may not be adversely affected.affected, or that additional legislation or regulation will not be introduced that may adversely affect the company’s operations. Please see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20062007 for additional discussion of regulatory matters.

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ISSUED BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVENEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
SFAS No. 157161
In September 2006,March 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133” (SFAS No. 161). The standard expands the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” and requires qualitative disclosures about the objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about the fair value amounts of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements. The company is in the process of analyzing this new standard, which will be effective for the company in the first quarter of 2009.
SFAS No. 160
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51” (SFAS No. 160). The new standard changes the accounting and reporting of noncontrolling interests, which have historically been referred to as minority interests. SFAS No. 160 requires that noncontrolling interests be presented in the consolidated balance sheets within shareholders’ equity, but separate from the parent’s equity, and that the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest be clearly identified and presented in the consolidated statements of income. Any losses in excess of the noncontrolling interest’s equity interest will continue to be allocated to the noncontrolling interest. Purchases or sales of equity interests that do not result in a change of control will be accounted for as equity transactions. Upon a loss of control, the interest sold, as well as any interest retained, will be measured at fair value, with any gain or loss recognized in earnings. In partial acquisitions, when control is obtained, the acquiring company will recognize at fair value, 100% of the assets and liabilities, including goodwill, as if the entire target company had been acquired. SFAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008, with early adoption prohibited. The new standard will be applied prospectively, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements, which will be applied retrospectively for all periods presented. The company is in the process of analyzing the standard, which will be adopted by the company at the beginning of 2009.
SFAS No. 141-R
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (SFAS No. 141-R). The new standard changes the accounting for business combinations in a number of significant respects. The key changes include the expansion of transactions that will qualify as business combinations, the capitalization of in-process research and development as an indefinite-lived asset, the recognition of certain acquired contingent assets and liabilities at fair value, the expensing of acquisition costs, the expensing of costs associated with restructuring the acquired company, the recognition of contingent consideration at fair value on the acquisition date, and the recognition of post-acquisition date changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances and acquired income tax uncertainties as income tax expense or benefit. SFAS No. 141-R is effective for business combinations that close in years beginning on or after December 15, 2008, with early adoption prohibited. The company is in the process of analyzing this new standard, which will be adopted by the company at the beginning of 2009.
SFAS No. 157
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (SFAS No. 157), which clarifies the definition of fair value whenever another standard requires or permits assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value. Specifically, the standard clarifies that fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, and establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to develop those assumptions. SFAS No. 157 does not expand the use of fair value to any new circumstances, and must be applied on a prospective basis except in certain cases. The standard also requires expanded financial statement disclosures about fair value measurements, including disclosure of the methods used and the effect on earnings.
In February 2008, FASB Staff Position (FSP) FAS No. 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157” (FSP No. 157-2) was issued. FSP No. 157-2 defers the effective date of SFAS No. 157 to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years, for all nonfinancial assets and liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). Examples of items within the scope of FSP No. 157-2 are nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities initially measured at fair value in a business combination (but not measured at fair value in subsequent periods), and long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment and intangible assets measured at fair value for an impairment assessment under SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.”
The partial adoption of SFAS No. 157 on January 1, 2008 with respect to financial assets and financial liabilities recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis did not have a material impact

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on the company’s consolidated financial statements. See Note 5 for the fair value measurement disclosures for these assets and liabilities. The company is in the process of analyzing this new standard, which will be effective for the company onpotential impact of SFAS No. 157 relating to its planned January 1, 2008.
SFAS No. 159
In February 2007,2009 adoption of the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, Including an Amendmentremainder of FASB Statement No. 115” (SFAS No. 159). SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value, which are not otherwise currently required to be measured at fair value. Under SFAS No. 159, the decision to measure items at fair value is made at specified election dates on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable. Entities electing the fair value option would be required to recognize changes in fair value in earnings and to expense upfront costs and fees associated with the item for which the fair value option is elected. At the adoption date, unrealized gains and losses on existing items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported as a cumulative adjustment to beginning retained earnings. The company is in the process of analyzing this new standard, which will be effective for the company on January 1, 2008.standard.
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This quarterly report includes forward-looking statements, including accounting estimates and assumptions, litigation outcomes, statements with respect to infusion pumps and other regulatory matters, expectations with respect to restructuring and acquisition activities, strategic plans, sales and pricing forecasts, developments with respect to credit and credit ratings, including the adequacy of credit facilities, estimates of liabilities, statements regarding ongoing tax audits, management of currency risk, future capital and R&D expenditures, the sufficiency of the company’s financial flexibility and the adequacy of reserves, the effective income tax rate in 2007,2008, statements with respect to ongoing cash flows from the TT business, and all other statements that do not relate to historical facts. The statements are based on assumptions about many important factors, including assumptions concerning:
  demand for and market acceptance risks for new and existing products, such as ADVATE and IVIG,IGIV, and other therapies;
 
  the company’s ability to identify business development initiatives and growth opportunities for existing products and to exit low marginlow-margin businesses or products;
the balance between supply and demand with respect to the market for plasma protein products;
reimbursement policies of government agencies and private payers;
 
  product quality or patient safety issues, leading to product recalls, withdrawals, launch delays, sanctions, seizures, litigation, or declining sales;sales, including with respect to the company’s heparin products;
 
  future actions of regulatory bodies and other government authorities that could delay, limit or suspend product development, manufacturing or sale or result in seizures, injunctions, monetary sanctions or criminal or civil liabilities, including any sanctions available under the Consent Decree entered into with the FDA concerning the COLLEAGUE and SYNDEO pumps;
fluctuations in the balance between supply and demand with respect to the market for plasma protein products;
reimbursement policies of government agencies and private payers;
 
  product development risks, including satisfactory clinical performance, the ability to manufacture at appropriate scale, and the general unpredictability associated with the product development cycle;
 
  the ability to enforce the company’s patent rights or patents of third parties preventing or restricting the company’s manufacture, sale or use of affected products or technology;
 
  the impact of geographic and product mix on the company’s sales;
 
  the impact of competitive products and pricing, including generic competition, drug reimportation and disruptive technologies;
 
  inventory reductions or fluctuations in buying patterns by wholesalers or distributors;
 
  foreign currency fluctuations;
the availability of acceptable raw materials and component supply;
 
  global regulatory, trade and tax policies;
 
  future actions by tax authorities in connection with ongoing tax audits;
 
  the company’s ability to realize in a timely manner the anticipated benefits of restructuring initiatives;

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  continued developments in the market for transfusion therapies products and Fenwal’s ability to execute with respect to the acquired business;
foreign currency fluctuations;
 
  change in credit agency ratings; and
 
  other factors identified elsewhere in this report and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including those factors described under the caption “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006,2007, all of which are available are on the company’s website.
Actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. The company does not undertake to update its forward-looking statements.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Currency Risk
The company uses derivative instruments to hedge the foreign currency risk to earnings relating to certain firm commitments, forecasted transactions, intercompany and third-party receivables, payables and debt denominated in foreign currencies. The company has also historically hedged certain of its net investments in international affiliates, using a combination of debt denominated in foreign currencies and cross-currency swap agreements. Gains and losses on the hedging instruments offset losses and gains on the hedged transactions and reduce earnings and shareholders’ equity volatility relating to foreign currency fluctuations. Refer to the caption “Financial Instrument Market Risk” in the company’s 20062007 Annual Report. Report for further information.
As part of its risk-management program, the company performs sensitivity analyses to assess potential changes in the fair value of its foreign exchange instruments relating to hypothetical and reasonably possible near-term movements in foreign exchange rates.
A sensitivity analysis of changes in the fair value of foreign exchange option and forwardhedge contracts outstanding at September 30, 2007,March 31, 2008, while not predictive in nature, indicated that if the U.S. Dollar uniformly fluctuated unfavorably by 10% against all currencies, on a net-of-tax basis, the net liability balance of $39$79 million, with respectwhich principally related to those contractsa hedge of U.S. Dollar-denominated debt issued by a foreign subsidiary, would increase by $47$67 million.
With respect to the company’s cross-currency swap agreements (including the outstanding mirror swaps),net investment hedges, if the U.S. Dollar uniformly weakened by 10%, on a net-of-tax basis, the net liability balance of $338$288 million with respect to those contracts outstanding at September 30, 2007March 31, 2008 would increase by $83$74 million. Any increase or decrease in the fair value of cross-currency swap agreements designated as hedges of the net assets of foreign operations relating to changes in spot currency exchange ratesinvestment hedge contracts is almost entirely offset by the change in the value of the hedged net assets relating to changes in spot currency exchange rates. With respect to the portion of the cross-currency swap portfolio that is no longer designated as a net investment hedge, but is fixed via the mirror swaps, as the fair value of this fixed portion of the portfolio decreases, the fair value of the mirror swaps increases by an approximately offsetting amount, and vice versa.assets.
The sensitivity analysis model recalculates the fair value of the foreign currency option, forward option and cross-currency swap contracts outstanding at September 30, 2007March 31, 2008 by replacing the actual exchange rates at September 30, 2007March 31, 2008 with exchange rates that are 10% unfavorable to the actual exchange rates for each applicable currency. All other factors are held constant. These sensitivity analyses disregard the possibility that currency exchange rates can move in opposite directions and that gains from one currency may or may not be offset by losses from another currency. The analyses also disregard the offsetting change in value of the underlying hedged transactions and balances.
Interest Rate and Other Risks
Refer to the caption “Financial Instrument Market Risk” in the company’s 20062007 Annual Report. There were no significant changes during the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2007.March 31, 2008.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Baxter carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its Disclosure Committee and management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of Baxter’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of September 30, 2007.March 31, 2008. Baxter’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by Baxter in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis and that such information is communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and its Board of Directors to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Based on that evaluation the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2007.March 31, 2008.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in Baxter’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, 2007March 31, 2008 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, Baxter’s internal control over financial reporting.

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Review by Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Reviews of the interim condensed consolidated financial information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2008 and 2007 and 2006, respectively, have been performed by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the company’s independent registered public accounting firm. Its report on the interim condensed consolidated financial information follows. This report is not considered a report within the meaning of Sections 7 and 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 and therefore, the independent accountants’ liability under Section 11 does not extend to it.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Baxter International Inc.:
We have reviewed the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet of Baxter International Inc. and its subsidiaries as of September 30, 2007,March 31, 2008, and the related condensed consolidated statements of income and cash flows for each of the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2007March 31, 2008 and 2006 and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2007 and 2006.2007. These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management.
We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Based on our review, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying condensed consolidated interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2006,2007, and the related consolidated statements of income, cash flows and shareholders’ equity and comprehensive income for the year then ended, and in our report dated February 27, 2007,26, 2008, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements referred to above are not presented herein. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2006,2007, is fairly stated in all material respects in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP  
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
Chicago, Illinois 
November 5, 2007
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Chicago, Illinois
May 2, 2008

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The information in Part I, Item 1, Note 67 is incorporated herein by reference.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following table includes information about the company’s common stock repurchases during the three-month period ended September 30, 2007.March 31, 2008.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
                 
             Approximate Dollar Value of 
  Total Number      Total Number of Shares  Shares that May Yet Be 
  of Shares  Average Price  Purchased as Part of Publicly  Purchased Under the 
Period Purchased (1)(2)  Paid per Share  Announced Programs (1)(2)  Program (2) 
 
                 
July 1, 2007 through July 31, 2007  3,685,259   $56.88   3,685,259     
August 1, 2007 through August 31, 2007  7,732,984   52.31   7,732,984     
September 1, 2007 through September 30, 2007  3,902,108   54.43   3,902,108     
 
                 
Total  15,320,351   $53.97   15,320,351   $1,365,415,552 
 
                 
              Approximate Dollar Value of 
  Total Number      Total Number of Shares  Shares that May Yet Be 
  of Shares  Average Price  Purchased as Part of Publicly  Purchased Under the 
Period Purchased (1)  Paid per Share  Announced Program (1)  Programs (1)(2) 
 
 
January 1, 2008 through January 31, 2008  1,197,391   $62.64   1,197,391     
February 1, 2008 through February 29, 2008  3,857,304   $60.48   3,857,304     
March 1, 2008 through March 31, 2008  4,091,258   $57.69   4,091,258     
 
 
   9,145,953   $59.51   9,145,953   $2,606,963,542 
 
(1) In February 2006,March 2007, the company announced that its board of directors authorized the company to repurchase up to $1.5$2.0 billion of its common stock on the open market. During the thirdfirst quarter of 2007,2008, the company repurchased 3.49.1 million shares for $192$545 million under this program. No amount remains under thisprogram, and the remaining authorization totaled $607 million at September 30, 2007.March 31, 2008. This program does not have an expiration date.
 
(2) In March 2007,2008, the company announced that its board of directors authorized the company to repurchase of up to an additional $2.0 billion of the company’sits common stock on the open market. During the third quarter of 2007, the company repurchased 11.9 million shares for $635 millionNo repurchases have been made under this program, and the remaining authorization totaled $1.37 billion at September 30, 2007.authorization. This program does not have an expiration date.

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Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit Index:
   
Exhibit  
Number Description
   
15 Letter Re Unaudited Interim Financial Information
   
31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuantPursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
   
31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuantPursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
   
32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
   
32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

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Signature
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
       
    BAXTER INTERNATIONAL INC.  
    
(Registrant)
  
       
Date: November 5, 2007May 2, 2008 By: /s/ Robert M. Davis  
       
    Robert M. Davis  
    Corporate Vice President and Chief Financial Officer  
    (duly authorized officer and principal financial officer)  

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