UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____________ to _____________

Commission File Number: 001-34719

S&W SEED COMPANY

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)


Nevada		27-1275784
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


2101 Ken Pratt Blvd, Suite 201, Longmont, CO		80501
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

(720) 506-9191

(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	SANW	The Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large, accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

The number of shares outstanding of common stock of the registrant as of February 7, ~~2023~~2024 was ~~42,785,565~~43,314,975.

S&W SEED COMPANY

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	Page No.
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited):	4
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and June 30, ~~2022~~2023	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months and Six Months Ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive ~~Income (Loss)~~Loss for the Three Months and Six Months Ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Mezzanine Equity and Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months and Six Months Ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	2226
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	3437
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	3437
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	3638
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	3638
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	3638
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	3638
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	3638
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	3638
Item 5.	Other Information	3638
Item 6.	Exhibits	3739

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. All statements other than statements of historical fact could be deemed forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to: statements concerning our loan agreements, including our ability to comply with and/or secure refinancing for such loan agreements; the potential effects of global macroeconomic events and the COVID-19 pandemic on our business; the plans, strategies and objectives of management for our future operations, including our expectations for new product introductions during fiscal ~~2023;~~2024; our implementation of our recently implemented strategic review (which includes our plans to reduce annual operating expenses) our recent ~~partnerships~~partnership with ~~Trigall Genetics and~~ Shell and ~~their~~its role in enabling us to reduce our operating expenses and sharpen our focus on key growth priorities; our ability to raise capital in the future; expected development, performance or market acceptance relating to our products or services or our ability to expand our grower or customer bases or to diversify our product offerings; future economic conditions or performance; our ability to retain key employees; and our assumptions, expectations and beliefs underlying any of the foregoing. These forward-looking statements are often identified by the use of words such as, but not limited to, “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “designed,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” and similar expressions or variations intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations about future events. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other important factors, including certain assumptions, that, if they never materialize or ~~they~~ prove incorrect, could cause our actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Risks, uncertainties and assumptions include the following:

•

whether we are successful in implementing our strategies focused on growth opportunities, changes in our cost structure and improved financial performance;

•

whether we are able to maintain compliance with our current loan agreements, ~~or secure replacement loan financing,~~ including to provide access to sufficient liquidity to pay our growers and suppliers;

•

the COVID-19 pandemic and other geopolitical and macroeconomic events, such as global inflation, bank failures, supply chain disruptions, uncertain market conditions, ~~and~~ the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine and related sanctions, the armed conflict in Sudan, the war between Israel and Hamas, and the extent to which they continue to disrupt the local and global economies, as well as our business and the businesses of our customers, distributors and suppliers;

•

changes in demand for our seed products, including Double TeamTM, our non-GMO herbicide tolerant sorghum solution;

•

whether we are able to develop and successfully launch additional trait technology products;

•

whether we are successful in commercializing our current and future trait technology products, including Double ~~Team~~TM;Team;

•

our plans for expansion of our business (including by expanding crop offerings and market share of existing offerings through acquisitions, partnerships, joint ventures and other strategic transactions) and our ability to successfully integrate acquisitions into our operations;

•

whether we continue to invest in research and development and whether such investment results in trait improvement across our crop categories;

•

the continued ability of our distributors and suppliers to have access to sufficient liquidity to fund their operations;

•

market trends and other factors affecting our financial condition or results of operations from period to period;

•

the impact of crop disease, severe weather conditions, such as drought or flooding, or natural disasters, such as earthquakes, on crop quality and yields and on our ability to grow, procure or export our products;

•

the impact of pricing of other crops that may influence what crops our growers elect to plant;

•

whether we are successful in aligning expense levels to revenue changes;

•

whether we are successful in monetizing ~~camelina and stevia;~~camelina;

•

the cost and other implications of pending or future legislation or court decisions and pending or future accounting pronouncements;

•

whether our recent partnerships with Trigall Genetics and Shell ~~may not~~ provide ~~the~~their anticipated benefits; and

•

other risks that are described herein and in the section titled “Risk Factors” contained in Part I, Item 1A. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, or the Annual Report, and that are otherwise described or updated from time to time in our filings with the Securities Exchange Commission.

You are urged to carefully review the disclosures made concerning risks and uncertainties that may affect our business or operating results, which include, among others, those described above.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Many factors discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, some of which are beyond our control, will be important in determining our future performance. Consequently, these statements are inherently uncertain and actual results may differ materially from those that might be anticipated from the forward-looking statements. In light of these and other uncertainties, you should not regard the inclusion of a forward-looking statement in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as a representation by us that our plans and objectives will be achieved, and you should not place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements included herein are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements represent our views as of, and speak only as of, the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and such statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, or to update the reasons why actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

When used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” “S&W” and “S&W Seed” refer to S&W Seed Company and its subsidiaries or, as the context may require, S&W Seed Company only. Our fiscal year ends on June 30, and accordingly, the terms “fiscal ~~2023,~~2024,” “fiscal ~~2022,”~~2023” and “fiscal ~~2021”~~2022” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q refer to the respective fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, 2023 ~~2022~~ and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, with corresponding meanings to any fiscal year reference beyond such dates. Trademarks, service marks and trade names of other companies appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders.

PART I

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

S&W SEED COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(UNAUDITED)


ASSETS		December 31, 2022			June 30, 2022				As of December 31, 2023			As of June 30, 2023
CURRENT ASSETS	CURRENT ASSETS							CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents		$	1,328,172		$	2,056,508			$	1,114,370		$	3,398,793
Accounts receivable, net			24,099,180			19,051,236				19,983,583			24,622,727
Notes receivable, net										6,974,357			6,846,897
Inventories, net			52,952,095			54,515,894				46,008,080			45,098,268
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			3,282,244			1,605,987				2,974,177			4,099,027
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS			81,661,691			77,229,625				77,054,567			84,065,712
Property, plant and equipment, net			15,706,571			16,871,669				10,350,887			10,082,168
Intangibles, net			30,951,270			34,095,827
Intellectual property, net										20,958,076			21,650,534
Other intangibles, net										7,808,412			8,082,325
Right of use assets - operating leases			4,234,241			4,094,253				2,825,742			2,983,303
Equity method investments										21,624,643			23,059,705
Other assets			1,667,034			1,496,477				3,051,182			2,066,081
TOTAL ASSETS		$	134,220,807		$	133,787,851			$	143,673,509		$	151,989,828

LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable		$	15,275,082		$	15,901,116			$	14,891,078		$	13,312,180
Deferred revenue			6,184,025			605,960				5,504,204			464,707
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities			9,452,112			10,788,740				6,004,829			8,804,456
Current portion of working capital lines of credit, net			41,410,217			12,678,897				43,597,213			44,900,779
Current portion of long-term debt, net			7,743,900			8,316,783				4,445,442			3,808,761
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES			80,065,336			48,291,496				74,442,766			71,290,883
Long-term working capital lines of credit, less current portion			—			21,703,286
Long-term debt, net, less current portion			3,731,856			3,992,540				4,862,340			4,499,334
Other non-current liabilities			3,338,740			3,587,041				2,063,641			2,102,030
TOTAL LIABILITIES			87,135,932			77,574,363				81,368,747			77,892,247
MEZZANINE EQUITY
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 3,323 shares authorized; 1,695 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022			5,032,942			4,804,819
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 3,323 shares authorized; 1,695 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023										5,518,624			5,274,148
TOTAL MEZZANINE EQUITY			5,032,942			4,804,819				5,518,624			5,274,148
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 75,000,000 shares authorized; 42,788,423 issued and 42,763,423 outstanding at December 31, 2022; 42,608,758 issued and 42,583,758 outstanding at June 30, 2022			42,788			42,609
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 75,000,000 shares authorized; 43,317,044 issued and 43,292,044 outstanding at December 31, 2023; 43,004,011 issued and 42,979,011 outstanding at June 30, 2023										43,317			43,004
Treasury stock, at cost, 25,000 shares			(134,196	)		(134,196	)			(134,196	)		(134,196	)
Additional paid-in capital			165,444,354			163,892,575				168,270,300			167,768,104
Accumulated deficit			(116,596,626	)		(105,873,557	)			(104,595,765	)		(91,932,808	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss			(6,735,375	)		(6,560,600	)			(6,832,156	)		(6,987,791	)
Noncontrolling interests			30,988			41,838
Non-controlling interests										34,638			67,120
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY			42,051,933			51,408,669				56,786,138			68,823,433
TOTAL LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY		$	134,220,807		$	133,787,851			$	143,673,509		$	151,989,828

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

S&W SEED COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended December 31,						Six Months Ended December 31,						Three Months Ended December 31,						Six Months Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2022			2021			2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenue	$	12,937,802		$	12,631,409		$	32,803,667		$	28,163,090		$	10,864,809		$	12,937,802		$	27,297,275		$	32,803,667
Cost of revenue		10,188,511			10,971,045			25,549,865			23,376,057			7,575,685			10,188,511			18,996,837			25,549,865
Gross profit		2,749,291			1,660,364			7,253,802			4,787,033			3,289,124			2,749,291			8,300,438			7,253,802
Operating expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses		6,241,461			7,073,320			11,294,058			12,642,887			5,892,922			6,242,212			11,679,502			11,298,469
Research and development expenses		1,503,473			2,110,413			3,018,853			4,105,541			994,648			1,503,473			2,081,160			3,018,853
Depreciation and amortization		1,253,904			1,373,653			2,590,338			2,704,698			1,076,019			1,253,904			2,145,042			2,590,338
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment														(68,734	)		(751	)		(101,690	)		(4,411	)
Total operating expenses		8,998,838			10,557,386			16,903,249			19,453,126			7,894,855			8,998,838			15,804,014			16,903,249
Loss from operations		(6,249,547	)		(8,897,022	)		(9,649,447	)		(14,666,093	)		(4,605,731	)		(6,249,547	)		(7,503,576	)		(9,649,447	)
Other (income) expense
Foreign currency loss		176,624			258,482			367,539			421,028			244,298			176,624			616,486			367,539
Gain on sale of equity investment														—			(32,030	)		—			(32,030	)
Gain on disposal of intangible assets		(1,796,252	)		—			(1,796,252	)		—			—			(1,796,252	)		—			(1,796,252	)
Change in contingent consideration obligation		—			(466,376	)		—			(528,630	)
Interest expense - amortization of debt discount		578,112			221,196			861,755			413,391			446,017			578,112			901,591			861,755
Interest expense, net		1,092,327			589,694			1,879,006			1,142,539			1,337,992			1,092,327			2,743,759			1,879,006
Gain on sale of equity investment		(32,030	)		—			(32,030	)		—
Other income (expense)		4,561			23,771			(39,709	)		(10,589	)
Other (income) expenses														(59,336	)		546			(96,896	)		(43,724	)
Loss before income taxes		(6,272,889	)		(9,523,789	)		(10,889,756	)		(16,103,832	)		(6,574,702	)		(6,268,874	)		(11,668,516	)		(10,885,741	)
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes		(282,296	)		257,776			(383,960	)		91,974
Benefit from income taxes														(756,985	)		(282,296	)		(755,778	)		(383,960	)
Loss before equity in net earnings of affiliates														(5,817,717	)		(5,986,578	)		(10,912,738	)		(10,501,781	)
Equity in loss of equity method investees, net of tax														676,329			4,015			1,538,225			4,015
Net loss	$	(5,990,593	)	$	(9,781,565	)	$	(10,505,796	)	$	(16,195,806	)	$	(6,494,046	)	$	(5,990,593	)	$	(12,450,963	)	$	(10,505,796	)
(Loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(4,588	)		13,537			(10,850	)		(729	)
Loss attributable to non-controlling interests														(25,194	)		(4,588	)		(32,482	)		(10,850	)
Net loss attributable to S&W Seed Company	$	(5,986,005	)	$	(9,795,102	)	$	(10,494,946	)	$	(16,195,077	)	$	(6,468,852	)	$	(5,986,005	)	$	(12,418,481	)	$	(10,494,946	)

Calculation of net loss per share:
Net loss attributable to S&W Seed Company	$	(5,986,005	)	$	(9,795,102	)	$	(10,494,946	)	$	(16,195,077	)	$	(6,468,852	)	$	(5,986,005	)	$	(12,418,481	)	$	(10,494,946	)
Dividends accrued for participating securities and accretion		(114,062	)		—			(228,123	)		—			(124,431	)		(114,062	)		(244,476	)		(228,123	)
Net loss attributable to common shareholders	$	(6,100,067	)	$	(9,795,102	)	$	(10,723,069	)	$	(16,195,077	)	$	(6,593,283	)	$	(6,100,067	)	$	(12,662,957	)	$	(10,723,069	)

Net loss attributable to S&W Seed Company per common share, basic and diluted	$	(0.14	)	$	(0.25	)	$	(0.25	)	$	(0.43	)	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.14	)	$	(0.29	)	$	(0.25	)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		42,651,270			38,461,049			42,627,645			37,617,457			43,091,438			42,651,270			43,050,329			42,627,645

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

S&W SEED COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE ~~INCOME (LOSS)~~LOSS

(UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended December 31,						Six Months Ended December 31,						Three Months Ended December 31,						Six Months Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2022			2021			2023			2022			2023			2022
Net loss	$	(5,990,593	)	$	(9,781,565	)	$	(10,505,796	)	$	(16,195,806	)	$	(6,494,046	)	$	(5,990,593	)	$	(12,450,963	)	$	(10,505,796	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income taxes		539,520			253,349			(174,775	)		(207,778	)		316,614			539,520			155,635			(174,775	)
Comprehensive loss		(5,451,073	)		(9,528,216	)		(10,680,571	)		(16,403,584	)		(6,177,432	)		(5,451,073	)		(12,295,328	)		(10,680,571	)
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(4,588	)		13,537			(10,850	)		(729	)
Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests														(25,194	)		(4,588	)		(32,482	)		(10,850	)
Comprehensive loss attributable to S&W Seed Company	$	(5,446,485	)	$	(9,541,753	)	$	(10,669,721	)	$	(16,402,855	)	$	(6,152,238	)	$	(5,446,485	)	$	(12,262,846	)	$	(10,669,721	)

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

S&W SEED COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF MEZZANINE EQUITY AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)


	Mezzanine Equity				Shareholders' Equity																									Mezzanine Equity				Shareholders' Equity
	Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Treasury Stock						Additional Paid-In			Accumulated			Non- controlling			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders'			Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Treasury Stock						Additional Paid-In			Accumulated			Non- controlling			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders'
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Shares			Amount			Capital			Deficit			Interests			Loss			Equity
Balance, September 30, 2021		—	$	—		36,802,094	$	36,802		(25,000	)	$	(134,196	)	$	150,040,406		$	(75,711,884	)	$	(45,272	)	$	(6,311,953	)	$	67,873,903
Stock-based compensation		—		—		—		—		—			—			1,014,203			—			—			—			1,014,203
Net issuance to settle RSUs		—		—		265,223		265		—			—			(117,838	)		—			—			—			(117,573	)
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net expenses		—		—		1,847,343		1,848		—			—			4,916,364			—			—			—			4,918,212
Other comprehensive income (loss)		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			—			—			253,349			253,349
Net (loss) income		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			(9,795,102	)		13,537			—			(9,781,565	)
Balance, December 31, 2021		—	$	—		38,914,660	$	38,915		(25,000	)	$	(134,196	)	$	155,853,135		$	(85,506,986	)	$	(31,735	)	$	(6,058,604	)	$	64,160,529
																														Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Shares			Amount			Capital			Deficit			Interests			Loss			Equity
Balance, September 30, 2022		1,695	$	4,918,880		42,632,585	$	42,633		(25,000	)	$	(134,196	)	$	164,486,927		$	(110,496,559	)	$	35,576		$	(7,274,895	)	$	46,659,486			1,695	$	4,918,880		42,632,585	$	42,633		(25,000	)	$	(134,196	)	$	164,486,927		$	(110,496,559	)	$	35,576		$	(7,274,895	)	$	46,659,486
Stock-based compensation		—		—		—		—		—			—			305,894			—			—			—			305,894			—		—		—		—		—			—			305,894			—			—			—			305,894
Series B detachable warrant		—		25,838		—		—		—			—			—			(25,838	)		—			—			(25,838	)		—		25,838		—		—		—			—			—			(25,838	)		—			—			(25,838	)
Accrued dividends on Series B convertible preferred stock		—		88,224		—		—		—			—			—			(88,224	)		—			—			(88,224	)		—		88,224		—		—		—			—			—			(88,224	)		—			—			(88,224	)
Net issuance to settle RSUs																															—		—		155,838		155		—			—			(4,894	)		—			—			—			(4,739	)
Subordinated loan & security agreement warrants		—		—		—		—		—			—			656,427			—			—			—			656,427			—		—		—		—		—			—			656,427			—			—			—			656,427
Other comprehensive income																															—		—		—		—		—			—			—			—			—			539,520			539,520
Net loss																															—		—		—		—		—			—			—			(5,986,005	)		(4,588	)		—			(5,990,593	)
Balance, December 31, 2022																															1,695	$	5,032,942		42,788,423	$	42,788		(25,000	)	$	(134,196	)	$	165,444,354		$	(116,596,626	)	$	30,988		$	(6,735,375	)	$	42,051,933

Balance, September 30, 2023																															1,695	$	5,394,193		43,047,951	$	43,048		(25,000	)	$	(134,196	)	$	168,011,474		$	(98,002,482	)	$	59,832		$	(7,148,770	)	$	62,828,906
Stock-based compensation																															—		—		—		—		—			—			283,327			—			—			—			283,327
Series B detachable warrant																															—		25,838		—				—			—			—			(25,838	)		—			—			(25,838	)
Accrued dividends on Series B convertible preferred stock																															—		98,593		—		—		—			—			—			(98,593	)		—			—			(98,593	)
Net issuance to settle RSUs		—		—		155,838		155		—			—			(4,894	)		—			—			—			(4,739	)		—		—		269,093		269		—			—			(11,919	)		—			—			—			(11,650	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			—			—			539,520			539,520
Net (loss) income		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			(5,986,005	)		(4,588	)		—			(5,990,593	)
Balance, December 31, 2022		1,695	$	5,032,942		42,788,423	$	42,788		(25,000	)	$	(134,196	)	$	165,444,354		$	(116,596,626	)	$	30,988		$	(6,735,375	)	$	42,051,933
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of expenses																															—		—		—		—		—			—			(12,582	)		—			—			—			(12,582	)
Other comprehensive income																															—		—		—		—		—			—			—			—			—			316,614			316,614
Net loss																															—		—		—		—		—			—			—			(6,468,852	)		(25,194	)		—			(6,494,046	)
Balance, December 31, 2023																															1,695	$	5,518,624		43,317,044	$	43,317		(25,000	)	$	(134,196	)	$	168,270,300		$	(104,595,765	)	$	34,638		$	(6,832,156	)	$	56,786,138

	Mezzanine Equity				Shareholders' Equity																									Mezzanine Equity				Shareholders' Equity
	Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Treasury Stock						Additional Paid-In			Accumulated			Non- controlling			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders'			Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Treasury Stock						Additional Paid-In			Accumulated			Non- controlling			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders'
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Shares			Amount			Capital			Deficit			Interests			Loss			Equity			Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Shares			Amount			Capital			Deficit			Interests			Loss			Equity
Balance, June 30, 2021		—	$	—		36,772,983	$	36,773		(25,000	)	$	(134,196	)	$	149,684,357		$	(69,311,909	)	$	(31,006	)	$	(5,850,826	)	$	74,393,193
Stock-based compensation		—		—		—		—		—			—			1,408,515			—			—			—			1,408,515
Net issuance to settle RSUs		—		—		293,486		293		—			—			(158,581	)		—			—			—			(158,288	)
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of expenses		—		—		1,848,191		1,849		—			—			4,918,844			—			—			—			4,920,693
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			—			—			(207,778	)		(207,778	)
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			(16,195,077	)		(729	)		—			(16,195,806	)
Balance, December 31, 2021		—	$	—		38,914,660	$	38,915		(25,000	)	$	(134,196	)	$	155,853,135		$	(85,506,986	)	$	(31,735	)	$	(6,058,604	)	$	64,160,529

Balance, June 30, 2022		1,695	$	4,804,819		42,608,758	$	42,609		(25,000	)	$	(134,196	)	$	163,892,575		$	(105,873,557	)	$	41,838		$	(6,560,600	)	$	51,408,669			1,695	$	4,804,819		42,608,758	$	42,609		(25,000	)	$	(134,196	)	$	163,892,575		$	(105,873,557	)	$	41,838		$	(6,560,600	)	$	51,408,669
Stock-based compensation		—		—		—		—		—			—			762,006			—			—			—			762,006			—		—		—		—		—			—			762,006			—			—			—			762,006
Subordinated loan & security agreement warrants																															—		—		—		—		—			—			802,901			—			—			—			802,901
Series B detachable warrant		—		51,676		—		—		—			—			—			(51,676	)		—			—			(51,676	)		—		51,676		—		—		—			—			—			(51,676	)		—			—			(51,676	)
Accrued dividends on Series B convertible preferred stock		—		176,447		—		—		—			—			—			(176,447	)		—			—			(176,447	)		—		176,447		—		—		—			—			—			(176,447	)		—			—			(176,447	)
Subordinated loan & security agreement warrants		—		—		—		—		—			—			802,901			—			—			—			802,901
Net issuance to settle RSUs		—		—		179,665		179		—			—			(13,128	)		—			—			—			(12,949	)		—		—		179,665		179		—			—			(13,128	)		—			—			—			(12,949	)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			—			—			(174,775	)		(174,775	)		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			—			—			(174,775	)		(174,775	)
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			(10,494,946	)		(10,850	)		—			(10,505,796	)		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			(10,494,946	)		(10,850	)		—			(10,505,796	)
Balance, December 31, 2022		1,695	$	5,032,942		42,788,423	$	42,788		(25,000	)	$	(134,196	)	$	165,444,354		$	(116,596,626	)	$	30,988		$	(6,735,375	)	$	42,051,933			1,695	$	5,032,942		42,788,423	$	42,788		(25,000	)	$	(134,196	)	$	165,444,354		$	(116,596,626	)	$	30,988		$	(6,735,375	)	$	42,051,933

Balance, June 30, 2023																															1,695	$	5,274,148		43,004,011	$	43,004		(25,000	)	$	(134,196	)	$	167,768,104		$	(91,932,808	)	$	67,120		$	(6,987,791	)	$	68,823,433
Stock-based compensation																															—		—		—		—		—			—			695,147			—			—			—			695,147
Series B detachable warrant																															—		51,676		—		—		—			—			—			(51,676	)		—			—			(51,676	)
Accrued dividends on Series B convertible preferred stock																															—		192,800		—		—		—			—			—			(192,800	)		—			—			(192,800	)
Net issuance to settle RSUs																															—		—		313,033		313		—			—			(27,139	)		—			—			—			(26,826	)
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of expenses																															—		—		—		—		—			—			(165,812	)		—			—			—			(165,812	)
Other comprehensive income																															—		—		—		—		—			—			—			—			—			155,635			155,635
Net loss																															—		—		—		—		—			—			—			(12,418,481	)		(32,482	)		—			(12,450,963	)
Balance, December 31, 2023																															1,695	$	5,518,624		43,317,044	$	43,317		(25,000	)	$	(134,196	)	$	168,270,300		$	(104,595,765	)	$	34,638		$	(6,832,156	)	$	56,786,138

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

S&W SEED COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)


	Six Months Ended December 31,						Six Months Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2023			2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$	(10,505,796	)	$	(16,195,806	)	$	(12,450,963	)	$	(10,505,796	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss from operating activities to net
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) from operating activities to net
cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation		762,006			1,408,515			695,147			762,006
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(125,209	)		221,163
Bad debt expense								472,411			(125,209	)
Inventory write-down		685,200			742,035			787,085			685,200
Depreciation and amortization		2,590,338			2,704,698			2,145,042			2,590,338
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment		(4,411	)		(35,840	)		(101,690	)		(4,411	)
Gain on disposal of intangible assets								—			(1,796,252	)
Gain on sale of equity investment		(32,030	)		—			—			(32,030	)
Gain on disposal of intangible assets		(1,796,252	)		—
Equity in loss of equity method investees, net of tax								1,538,225			4,015
Change in deferred tax provision		(259,747	)		—			(712,063	)		(259,747	)
Change in foreign exchange contracts		19,466			239,713			(639,143	)		19,466
Foreign currency transactions		(200,666	)		—			1,276,525			(200,666	)
Change in contingent consideration obligation		—			(528,630	)
Amortization of debt discount		861,755			413,391			901,591			861,755
Accretion of note receivable								(127,476	)		—
Changes in:
Accounts receivable		(3,968,108	)		2,513,639			4,326,500			(3,968,108	)
Inventories		557,442			(5,741,778	)		(1,300,241	)		557,442
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		20,736			170,844			356,779			20,736
Other non-current assets		(733,165	)		(95,186	)		47,015			(677,938	)
Accounts payable		(385,529	)		1,131,032			1,381,305			(385,529	)
Deferred revenue		5,578,365			5,504,147			5,039,497			5,578,365
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(1,256,423	)		(505,240	)		(2,231,490	)		(1,256,423	)
Other non-current liabilities		(207,625	)		(12,521	)		32,768			(207,625	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(8,399,653	)		(8,065,824	)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities								1,436,824			(8,340,411	)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Additions to property, plant and equipment		(154,997	)		(1,227,368	)		(1,077,055	)		(154,997	)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment		3,660			21,113			160,958			3,660
Capital contributions to partnerships								(88,543	)		(59,242	)
Proceeds from partnership transaction								—			2,000,000
Net proceeds from sale of equity investment		400,000			—			—			400,000
Proceeds from partnership transaction		2,000,000			—
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		2,248,663			(1,206,255	)		(1,004,640	)		2,189,421
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net proceeds from sale of common stock		—			4,920,693			(165,812	)		—
Taxes paid related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards		(12,949	)		(158,288	)		(26,825	)		(12,949	)
Borrowings and repayments on lines of credit, net		6,598,076			3,911,452			(2,762,758	)		6,598,076
Borrowings of long-term debt		285,005			875,683			595,175			285,005
Repayments of long-term debt								(152,214	)		(1,063,661	)
Debt issuance costs		(359,527	)		(112,084	)		(237,278	)		(359,527	)
Repayments of long-term debt		(1,063,661	)		(737,843	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		5,446,944			8,699,613
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities								(2,749,712	)		5,446,944
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH		(24,290	)		(233,405	)		33,105			(24,290	)
NET DECREASE IN CASH & CASH EQUIVALENTS		(728,336	)		(805,871	)		(2,284,423	)		(728,336	)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of the period		2,056,508			3,527,937			3,398,793			2,056,508
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period	$	1,328,172		$	2,722,066		$	1,114,370		$	1,328,172

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

S&W SEED COMPANY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1 - GENERAL

The Company is a global multi-crop, middle-market agricultural company that is principally engaged in breeding, growing, processing and selling agricultural seeds. The Company operates seed cleaning and processing facilities, which are located in ~~Idaho,~~ Texas, New South Wales and South Australia. The Company’s seed products are primarily grown under contract by farmers. The Company is currently focused on ~~commercializing stevia~~growing sales of their proprietary and traited products ~~entering~~specifically through the expansion of Double TeamTM for forage and grain sorghum products, improving margins through pricing and operational efficiencies, and developing the camelina market ~~and developing products to address unmet market needs through high-value improved traits in its crops.~~

~~Investments and Partnership Activity~~

~~Bioceres Investment~~

~~As of June 30, 2021, the Company held an investment in Bioceres, S.A.,~~via a ~~provider of crop productivity solutions headquartered in Argentina. During the third quarter of fiscal year 2022, the Company sold~~ ~~71.4% of the investment in Bioceres, S.A. for net proceeds of $988,504, which included a gain on the sale of marketable securities of $68,967. The carrying value of the remainder of the investment was $367,980~~ at June 30, 2022, which was reported in Other assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. During the six months ended December 31, 2022, the Company sold off the remainder of its investment in Bioceres, S.A. for net proceeds of $~~400,000, which included a gain on the sale of equity investment of $32,030~~.

~~Trigall Australia Partnership~~

Effective December 23, 2022, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, S&W Seed Company Australia Pty Ltd, or S&W Australia, entered into a partnership with Trigall Genetics S.A., or Trigall, for the development and marketing of wheat varieties in Australia. Under the terms of the partnership agreement, S&W Australia transferred certain intellectual property license rights and equipment into a wholly owned subsidiary and subsequently sold an 80~~% interest in the subsidiary to Trigall. The subsidiary was renamed Trigall Australia Pty Ltd, or Trigall Australia. In return, S&W Australia received $2.0~~ ~~million in cash, a $1.0~~ ~~million promissory note to be paid in December 2023, and a~~ 20~~% ownership interest in Trigall Australia. S&W Australia realized a $1.8~~ ~~million gain on the sale. The ownership interest in Trigall Australia was recorded using the equity method and, along with the $1.0~~ ~~million promissory note, is reported within the “Other assets” caption on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.~~

~~S&W Australia is obligated to make an aggregate of $560,000~~ ~~in capital contributions to Trigall Australia through June 2025, and has agreed to provide certain marketing, collection and other operational services in support of the~~recently formed partnership.

~~Shell Partnership~~

On February 6, 2023, S&W and Equilon Enterprises LLC (dba Shell Oil Products US, or Shell), entered into a partnership for the development and production of sustainable biofuel feedstocks through Vision Bioenergy Oilseeds LLC, or Vision Bioenergy (see Note 13).

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and, in the Company’s opinion, include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments and accruals, necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations, comprehensive ~~income (loss),~~loss, cash flows and mezzanine equity and stockholders’ equity for the periods presented. Operating results for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending June 30, ~~2023.~~2024. Certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, as filed with the SEC.

Certain prior period information has been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. Operating lease right-of-use assets were reclassified from “Other assets” to “Right-of-use assets – operating leases” on the balance sheet in accordance with the disclosure guidance of ASC 842. Previously, the operating lease right-of-use assets were disclosed in the footnotes.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are adjusted to reflect actual experience when necessary. Significant estimates and assumptions affect many items in the financial statements. These include allowance for doubtful

trade receivables, inventory valuation, the carrying value of the Company's equity investments, asset impairments, provisions for income taxes, grower accruals (an estimate of amounts payable to farmers who grow seed for the Company), ~~contingent consideration obligations,~~ contingencies and litigation. Significant estimates and assumptions are also used to establish the fair value and useful lives of depreciable tangible and certain intangible assets ~~goodwill~~ as well as valuing stock-based compensation. Actual results may differ from those estimates and assumptions, and such results may affect income, financial position or cash flows.

The Company believes the estimates and assumptions underlying the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable and supportable based on the information available at the time the financial statements were prepared. However, certain adverse geopolitical and macroeconomic events, such as the ~~continued impact of COVID-19, the~~ ongoing military conflict between Ukraine and Russia and related sanctions, the armed conflict in Sudan, the war between Israel and Hamas, and uncertain market conditions, including higher inflation and supply chain disruptions, have, among other things, negatively impacted the global economy, created significant volatility and disruption of financial markets, and significantly increased economic and demand uncertainty. These factors make many of the estimates and assumptions reflected in these condensed consolidated financial statements inherently less certain. Therefore, actual results may ultimately differ from those estimates to a greater degree than historically.

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Liquidity and Going Concern

The Company is not profitable and has recorded negative cash flows for the last several years. For the six months ended December 31, ~~2022, we~~2023, the Company reported a net loss of $~~10.5~~12.5 ~~million and~~million. While the Company did report net cash ~~used in~~provided by operations of $~~8.4~~1.4 ~~million. At~~million for the six months ended December 31, ~~2022, we~~2023, it expects this to be negative in fiscal 2024. The positive cash flow in operations for the six months ended December 31, 2023 was largely due to changes in operating assets and liabilities. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had cash on hand of $~~1.3~~1.1 million. The Company had $2.4 million of unused availability from its working capital facilities as of December 31, 2023 (see Note 8 for further discussion). In relation to the partnerships formed in fiscal 2023, the Company received $1.0 million from Trigall Genetics S.A., or Trigall, in January 2024 and received $6.0 million from Equilon Enterprises LLC (dba Shell Oil Products, or Shell) in February 2024. The Company is obligated to make an additional $0.3 million in capital contributions to Trigall Australia Pty Ltd, or Trigall Australia, through June 2025.

The Company’s Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, ~~dated December 26, 2019,~~ or the Amended CIBC Loan Agreement, with CIBC Bank USA, or CIBC, ~~which matures on March 23, 2023 ($16.2~~ ~~million outstanding as of December 31, 2022),~~and its debt facilities with National Australia Bank, or NAB, under the NAB Finance Agreement, contain various operating and financial covenants ~~(see~~(refer to Note 7)8). Adverse geopolitical and macroeconomic events and other factors affecting the Company’s results of operations have increased the risk of the Company’s inability to comply with these covenants, which could result in acceleration of its repayment obligations and foreclosure on its pledged assets. For example, the Company was not in compliance with certain covenants in the CIBC Loan Agreement as of June 30, 2021, December 31, 2021, March 31, 2022, June 15, 2022 and June 30, 2022, and was required to obtain waivers and/or amendments from CIBC. The Amended CIBC Loan Agreement as presently in effect requires the Company to ~~maintain~~meet minimum ~~liquidity of no less than $1.0~~ ~~million,~~adjusted EBITDA levels on a quarterly basis and the NAB Finance Agreement ~~(as defined below)~~ includes an undertaking that requires the Company to maintain a net related entity position of not more than USD $18.5 ~~million. The~~million and a minimum interest cover ratio at each fiscal year-end. As of December 31, 2023, the Company ~~is actively pursuing refinancing of~~was in compliance with the CIBC ~~Loan Agreement. There~~minimum adjusted EBITDA covenant as well as the NAB net related entity position covenant. While the Company was in compliance with these covenants, there can be no assurance the Company will be successful in ~~raising additional capital,~~meeting its covenants or securing future waivers and/or amendments from its lenders. Currently, the Company does not expect to meet certain of these covenants in fiscal 2024. If the Company is unsuccessful in meeting its covenants or securing future waivers and/or amendments from its lenders ~~renewing or refinancing its existing debt or securing new financing. If the Company is unsuccessful in doing so,~~and cannot obtain other financing, it may need to reduce the scope of its operations, repay amounts ~~owing~~owed to its lenders and/or sell certain assets. Further, if the Company cannot renew or obtain other financing when its two major debt facilities with CIBC and NAB expire on August 31, 2024 and March 31, 2025, respectively, it may need to reduce the scope of its operations, repay amounts owed to its lenders and/or sell certain assets. These operating and liquidity factors raise substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Cost of Revenue

The Company records purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs and warehousing costs in Cost of revenue. When the Company is required to pay for outward freight and/or the costs incurred to deliver products to its customers, the costs are included in Cost of revenue.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For financial statement presentation purposes, the Company considers time deposits, certificates of deposit and all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents. At times, cash and cash equivalents balances exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Cash balances located outside of the United States may not be insured and totaled $220,188 and $191,766 on December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, respectively. Cash balances residing in the United States exceeding the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit of $250,000 totaled $664,182 and $2,957,028 on December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, respectively.

International Operations

The Company translates its foreign operations’ assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies into U.S. dollars at the current rates of exchange as of the balance sheet date and income and expense items at the average exchange rate for the reporting period. Translation adjustments resulting from exchange rate fluctuations are recorded in the cumulative translation account, a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Gains or losses from foreign currency transactions are included in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. For the three months ended December 31, 2023, a $0.7 million foreign currency transaction loss was recognized within Cost of revenue and a $0.2 million foreign currency loss was recorded to Other (income) expense. For the three months ended December 31, 2022, a $0.8 million foreign currency loss was recognized within Cost of revenue and a $0.2 million foreign currency loss was recorded to Other (income) expense. For the six months ended December 31, 2023, a $0.0 million foreign currency transaction loss was recognized within Cost of revenue and a $0.6 million foreign currency loss was recorded to Other (income) expense. For the six months ended December 31, 2022, a $0.2 million foreign currency gain was recognized within Cost of revenue and a $0.4 million foreign currency loss was recorded to Other (income) expense.

Accounts Receivable

The Company provides an allowance for doubtful trade receivables equal to the estimated uncollectible amounts. ~~That~~Prior to July 1, 2023, that estimate is based on historical collection experience, current economic and market conditions and a review of the current status of each customer’s trade accounts receivable. Effective July 1, 2023, in determining the Company's reserve for credit losses, receivables are assigned an expected loss based on historical information adjusted for forward-looking economic factors. The allowance for doubtful trade receivables was $~~180,334~~535,855 and $~~233,927~~209,757 aton December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively.

Inventories

Inventories consist of seed and packaging materials.

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and an inventory reserve permanently reduces the cost basis of inventory. Inventories are valued as follows: Actual cost is used to value raw materials such as packaging materials, as well as goods in process. Costs for substantially all finished goods, which include the cost of carryover crops from the previous year, are valued at actual cost. Actual cost for finished goods includes plant conditioning and packaging costs, direct labor and raw materials and manufacturing overhead costs based on normal capacity. The Company records abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling costs and

wasted material (spoilage) as current period charges and allocates fixed production overhead to the costs of finished goods based on the normal capacity of the production facilities.

Inventory is periodically reviewed to determine if it is marketable, obsolete or impaired. Inventory that is determined to be obsolete or impaired is written off to expense at the time the impairment is identified. Inventory quality is a function of germination percentage. Our experience has shown that our alfalfa seed quality tends to be stable under proper storage conditions; therefore, we do not view inventory obsolescence for alfalfa seed as a material concern. Hybrid crops (sorghum and sunflower) seed quality may be affected by warehouse storage pests such as insects and rodents. The Company maintains a strict pest control program to mitigate risk and maximize hybrid seed quality.

Components of inventory are as follows:


	As of		As of		As of		As of
	December 31, 2022		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2023		June 30, 2023
Raw materials and supplies	$	3,808,923	$	2,645,764	$	2,840,364	$	3,309,211
Work in progress		11,035,458		6,677,980		8,811,322		6,409,554
Finished goods		38,107,714		45,192,150		34,356,394		35,379,503
Inventories, net	$	52,952,095	$	54,515,894	$	46,008,080	$	45,098,268

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset - periods of 5 to 35 years for buildings, 3 to 20 years for machinery and equipment, and 3 to 5 years for vehicles.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets acquired in business acquisitions are reported at their initial fair value less accumulated amortization. Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset. Periods of 10 to 30 years for technology/IP/germplasm, 5 to 20 years for customer relationships and trade names and 10 to 20 for other intangible assets. The weighted average estimated useful lives are 25 years for technology/IP/germplasm, 19 years for customer relationships, 16 years for trade names, and 18 years for other intangible assets as of December 31, 2023.

Investments

In fiscal 2023, the Company entered into two partnerships resulting in a 34% ownership interest in Vision Bioenergy Oilseeds LLC, or Vision Bioenergy, and a 20% ownership interest in Trigall Australia Pty Ltd, or Trigall Australia. Following the initial recording of each investment, the Company assesses and records its share of equity earnings from each investment on a quarterly basis, resulting in the investment carrying value increasing or decreasing depending on whether a gain or loss is recorded. For Trigall Australia, the Company is also required to make capital contributions, which increases the carrying value of the investment.

Research and Development Costs

The Company is engaged in ongoing research and development, or R&D, of proprietary seed varieties. All R&D costs must be charged to expense as incurred. Accordingly, internal R&D costs are expensed as incurred. Third-party R&D costs are expensed when the contracted work has been performed or as milestone results have been achieved. The costs associated with equipment or facilities acquired or constructed for R&D activities that have alternative future uses are capitalized and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities, as well as a consideration of net operating loss and credit carry forwards, using enacted tax rates in effect for the period in which the differences are expected to impact taxable income. A valuation allowance is established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax

assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three and six months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~December 31, 2021~~2022 has been affected by the valuation allowance on the Company’s deferred tax ~~assets as well as the gain related to the formation of our wheat partnership with Trigall.~~assets.

Net ~~Loss~~Income (Loss) Per Common Share Data

The Company computes earnings per share using the two-class method. The two-class method requires an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for common shareholders and participating security holders according to dividends declared and participating rights in undistributed earnings. The Company's Series B Preferred Stock and related warrant, or Series B Warrant (see Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, as filed with the SEC), are participating securities because holders of such shares have non-forfeitable dividend rights and participate in any undistributed earnings with common stock. Under the two-class method, total dividends provided to the holders of participating securities and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities, are subtracted from net income attributable to the

Company in determining net loss attributable to common ~~shareholders. There were $88,224~~shareholders in the two-class earnings per share, or EPS, calculation. Accretion to the redemption value for the Series B Preferred Stock is also treated as a deemed dividend and $~~176,447~~ ~~in accrued dividends~~ subtracted from net income attributable to ~~common shareholders during the three and six months ended December 31, 2022, respectively; there~~shareholders. There were no undistributed earnings to allocate to the participating ~~securities. Additionally, any accretion to the redemption value for the Series B Preferred Stock is treated as a deemed dividend~~securities in ~~the two-class earnings per share, or EPS, calculation. During~~ the three and six ~~months~~month periods ended December 31, ~~2022, $25,838~~2023 and $~~51,676~~, respectively, was accreted to the redemption value of the Series B Preferred Stock and subtracted from net income attributable to common shareholders. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2022, there were no ~~undistributed earnings to allocate to the participating securities.~~2022.

The calculation of net loss per common share is shown in the table ~~below.~~below:


	Three Months Ended December 31,						Six Months Ended December 31,						Three Months Ended December 31,						Six Months Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2022			2021			2023			2022			2023			2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to S&W Seed Company	$	(5,986,005	)	$	(9,795,102	)	$	(10,494,946	)	$	(16,195,077	)	$	(6,468,852	)	$	(5,986,005	)	$	(12,418,481	)	$	(10,494,946	)
Dividends accrued for participating securities		(88,224	)		—			(176,447	)		—			(98,593	)		(88,224	)		(192,800	)		(176,447	)
Accretion of Series B Preferred Stock redemption value		(25,838	)		—			(51,676	)		—			(25,838	)		(25,838	)		(51,676	)		(51,676	)
Numerator for net loss per common share - basic and diluted	$	(6,100,067	)	$	(9,795,102	)	$	(10,723,069	)	$	(16,195,077	)	$	(6,593,283	)	$	(6,100,067	)	$	(12,662,957	)	$	(10,723,069	)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted		42,651,270			38,461,049			42,627,645			37,617,457			43,091,438			42,651,270			43,050,329			42,627,645
Net loss per common share - basic and diluted	$	(0.14	)	$	(0.25	)	$	(0.25	)	$	(0.43	)	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.14	)	$	(0.29	)	$	(0.25	)

Anti-dilutive shares, which have been excluded from the computation of diluted ~~loss~~income (loss) per share, included ~~4,580,057~~5,119,016 employee stock options, ~~497,921~~1,695,000 ~~restricted stock units, or RSUs, and~~shares issuable upon conversion of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, warrants to purchase ~~1,333,400~~2,633,400 shares of common stock related to the MFP Loan Agreement (as defined below), ~~and~~ 559,350 ~~Warrants~~warrants issued with the Company's Series B Convertible Preferred ~~Stock.~~Stock, and 1,001,099 restricted stock units. The terms and conditions of these securities are more fully described in Note 911 and Note 1012 in these condensed consolidated financial statements and in Note 13 and Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, ~~2021,~~2023, as filed with the SEC. For the ~~periods ending~~period ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, all potentially dilutive shares were anti-dilutive and excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share because net losses were recognized.

Concentrations

Two customers accounted for 28% and one customer accounted for 17% of the Company's revenue for the three and six months ended December 31, 2023, respectively. One customer accounted for 8% and 11% of the Company's revenue for the three and six months ended December 31, 2022, ~~respectively, and~~ respectively.

noTwo ~~single customer~~customers accounted for ~~more than~~ 1037% of the Company's ~~revenue for the three and six months ended December 31, 2021.~~

~~One~~ ~~customer accounted for approximately~~ 15~~% of the Company’s~~ accounts receivable as of December 31, ~~2022.~~2023 and Nono one customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable as of June 30, ~~2022.~~2023.

The Company sells a substantial portion of its products to international customers (see Note 4). Sales to international markets represented 8648% and 81% of revenue during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. Sales to international markets represented 8168% and 7886% of revenue during the six months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The net book value of fixed assets located outside the United States was 21~~% and~~ 2231% of total fixed assets aton December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and June 30, ~~2022, respectively. Cash balances located outside of the United States may not be insured and totaled $~~2023.~~420,595~~ ~~and $811,551~~ ~~at December 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022, respectively.~~

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company’s subsidiary, S&W Australia, is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in the normal course of its business, which the Company at times manages through the use of foreign currency derivative financial instruments.

The Company has entered into foreign currency forward contracts and foreign currency call options (see Note 8)9) and accounts for these instruments in accordance with ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging,” which establishes accounting and reporting standards requiring that derivative instruments be recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at fair value. The Company’s foreign currency contracts and options are not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815; accordingly, changes in the fair value are recorded in current period earnings.

Premiums paid for foreign currency options with strike prices below the spot market price when acquired represent the time value of the option, as there is no intrinsic value. Such premiums are recorded as a current asset and amortized over the option term. Currency options are measured at fair value if the market price at the reporting date exceeds the strike price. When the strike price exceeds the market price, no liability is recorded as the Company has no obligation to exercise the options.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company discloses assets and liabilities that are recognized and measured at fair value, presented in a three-tier fair value hierarchy, as follows:

•

Level 1. Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

•

Level 2. Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

•

Level 3. Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, ~~financial commitment assets (see Note 9), the promissory note issued from Trigall (see Note 1),~~ accounts payable, short-term and all long-term borrowings, as reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments or interest rates commensurate with market rates. There have been no changes in operations and/or credit characteristics since the date of issuance that could impact the relationship between interest rate and market rates.

S&W received a $6.0 million note receivable due from Shell in connection with the Vision Bioenergy partnership transaction (see Note 7). The note, which is due in February 2024, was initially recorded at its $5.7 million present value discounted at a rate of 4.4%, which is our estimated discount rate for similar instruments. The receivable balance is being accreted to the full receivable amount on a straight-line basis over the remaining receivable term due to its short-term maturity. The receivable balance was $6.0 million as of December 31, 2023. This payment was received by the Company in February 2024.

Also in conjunction with the Vision Bioenergy partnership transaction, S&W received a one-time option, or Purchase Option, exercisable at any time on or before the fifth anniversary of the closing of the partnership transaction, to repurchase a 6% membership interest from Shell. The option repurchase prices range between approximately $7.1 and $12.0 million, depending on the date on which such purchase is completed. The Purchase Option was valued at $0.7 million using a lattice option valuation model. The valuation model incorporated significant, unobservable inputs including a discounted cash flow model based on management projections of future Vision Bioenergy results and an estimate of the current per share value of Vision Bioenergy shares. In the model, the estimate of the current per share value was discounted to account for lack of control and marketability, which were considered to be part of the unit of account given the restrictions of the limited liability company agreement that governs the ownership rights of the members. Other unobservable inputs included the risk-free rates and the estimated future stock volatility based on the historical stock price volatilities of other market participants. A full fair value analysis will be performed at each fiscal year-end or when there is an indication that there may be an impairment to the valuation. Management will estimate and adjust the balance for interim periods. A fair value analysis was performed as of June 30, 2023, which resulted in no material adjustment to the fair value. No indicators have been identified for the six months ended December 31, 2023 to suggest any material change in the fair value of the purchase option. As such, there is no indication of impairment for the six months ended December 31, 2023.

Quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurement is as follows:


	Fair Value as of December 31, 2023		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range
Purchase Option	$	695,000	Option Model	Risk-free rate	3.8% - 4.9%
				Stock price volatility	60% - 65%
				Lack of control premium	13%
				Lack of marketability premium	30%

Assets and liabilities that are recognized and measured at fair value on a recurring basis are categorized as follows:


	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2022 Using:						Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2023 Using:
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Foreign exchange contract liability	$	—	$	1,009,469	$	—	$	—	$	203,440	$	—
Note receivable due from Shell								—		5,974,366		—
Vision Bioenergy interest purchase option								—		—		695,000
Total	$	—	$	1,009,469	$	—	$	—	$	6,177,806	$	695,000


	Fair Value Measurements as of June 30, 2022 Using:						Fair Value Measurements as of June 30, 2023 Using:
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Foreign exchange contract liability	$	—	$	996,106	$	—	$	—	$	849,033	$	—
Note receivable due from Shell								—		5,846,890		—
Vision Bioenergy interest purchase option								—		—		695,000
Total	$	—	$	996,106	$	—	$	—	$	6,695,923	$	695,000

Recent Adopted Accounting Pronouncements ~~Not Yet Adopted~~

Effective July 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which was subsequently amended in November 2018 through ASU No. 201819, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (“ASU 2016-13”). The amended guidance requires entities to estimate

lifetime expected credit losses for trade and other receivables, including those that are current with respect to payment terms, along with other financial instruments which may result in earlier recognition of credit losses. The Company evaluated its existing methodology for estimating an allowance for doubtful accounts and the risk profile of its receivables portfolio and developed a model that includes the qualitative and forecasting aspects of the “expected loss” model under the amended guidance. In determining the Company’s reserve for credit losses, receivables are assigned an expected loss based on historical information adjusted for forward-looking economic factors. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

We have evaluated all other issued and unadopted Accounting Standards Updates and believe the adoption of these standards will not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, balance sheets, or cash flows.

NOTE 3 - LEASES

The Company leases office and laboratory space, research plots and equipment used in connection with its operations under various operating and finance leases. The components of lease assets and liabilities as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and June 30, 2023 are as follows:


~~Leases~~	~~Balance Sheet Classification:~~	~~December 31, 2022~~
~~Assets:~~
~~Right of use assets~~ ~~- operating leases~~	~~Right of use assets - operating leases~~		~~4,234,241~~
~~Right of use assets - finance leases~~			~~2,011,082~~
~~Accumulated amortization - finance leases~~			(~~1,361,998~~	)
~~Right of use assets - finance leases, net~~	~~Other assets~~		~~649,084~~
~~Total lease assets~~			~~4,883,325~~

~~Liabilities:~~
~~Current lease liabilities - finance leases~~	~~Current portion of long-term debt, net~~		~~608,663~~
~~Current lease liabilities - operating leases~~	~~Accrued expenses and other current liabilities~~		~~1,429,482~~
~~Long-term portion of lease liabilities - finance leases~~	~~Long-term debt, net, less current portion~~		~~239,238~~
~~Long-term portion of lease liabilities - operating leases~~	~~Other non-current liabilities~~		~~3,078,345~~
~~Total lease liabilities~~			~~5,355,728~~


Leases	Balance Sheet Classification:	As of December 31, 2023			As of June 30, 2023
Assets:
Right of use assets - finance leases		$	1,974,113		$	1,759,094
Accumulated amortization - finance leases			(1,038,695	)		(1,088,294	)
Right of use assets - finance leases, net	Other assets		935,418			670,800
Right of use assets - operating leases	Right of use assets - operating leases		2,825,742			2,983,303
Total lease assets		$	3,761,160		$	3,654,103
Liabilities:
Current lease liabilities - finance leases	Current portion of long-term debt, net	$	455,647		$	383,403
Current lease liabilities - operating leases	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		1,087,366			1,335,568
Long-term portion of lease liabilities - finance leases	Long-term debt, net, less current portion		496,894			304,761
Long-term portion of lease liabilities - operating leases	Other non-current liabilities		1,912,721			1,949,604
Total lease liabilities		$	3,952,628		$	3,973,336

The components of lease cost are as follows:


							Three Months Ended December 31,				Six Months Ended December 31,
Lease cost:	Income Statement Classification:	Three Months Ended December 31, 2022		Six Months Ended December 31, 2022		Income Statement Classification:	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	Cost of revenue	$	163,389	$	347,249	Cost of revenue	$	219,796	$	163,389	$	395,462	$	347,249
Operating lease cost	Selling, general and administrative expenses		54,914		110,248	Selling, general and administrative expenses		41,078		54,914		82,130		110,248
Operating lease cost	Research and development expenses		88,620		224,817	Research and development expenses		158,315		88,620		277,542		224,817
Finance lease cost	Depreciation and amortization		125,949		265,639	Depreciation and amortization		142,968		125,949		262,438		265,639
Finance lease cost	Interest expense, net		12,841		28,791	Interest expense, net		21,992		12,841		33,883		28,791
Total lease costs		$	445,713	$	976,744		$	584,149	$	445,713	$	1,051,455	$	976,744

Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023, are as follows:


	Operating Leases			Finance Leases
2023	$	907,671		$	440,777
2024		1,527,845			321,631
Fiscal Year							Operating Leases			Finance Leases
Remainder of 2024								740,715			289,776
2025		1,024,653			98,337			1,005,989			410,806
2026		791,258			23,091			852,514			309,233
2027		509,239			—			516,330			50,901
2028								183,599			—
Thereafter		102,165			—			56,967			—
Total lease payments		4,862,831			883,836			3,356,114			1,060,716
Less: Interest		(355,004	)		(35,935	)		(356,027	)		(108,175	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	4,507,827		$	847,901		$	3,000,087		$	952,541

The following are the weighted average assumptions used for lease term and discount rate and supplemental cash flow information related to leases as of December 31, ~~2022:~~2023:


Operating lease remaining lease term	3.5			3.2 years
Operating lease discount rate		4.14	%		5.67	%
Finance lease remaining lease term	1.2 years			2.1 years
Finance lease discount rate		5.49	%		8.49	%
Cash paid for operating leases	$	603,304		$	622,401
Cash paid for finance leases		527,384		$	341,912

NOTE 4 - REVENUE RECOGNITION

The Company derives its revenue primarily from the sale of seed products to seed distributors. From time to time, the Company utilizes excess capacity to provide conditioning, treating and packaging services to other seed producers. The Company also derives service revenue from its two partnerships, Trigall Australia and Vision Bioenergy Oilseeds LLC, or Vision Bioenergy, by providing administrative services under a service level agreement.

Revenue from seed product sales is recognized at the point in time at which control of the product is transferred to the customer. Generally, this occurs upon shipment of the product. Pricing for such transactions is negotiated and determined at the time the contracts are signed. We have elected the practical expedient that allows us to account for shipping and handling activities as a fulfillment cost, and we accrue those costs when the related revenue is recognized.

The Company has certain contracts with customers that offer a limited right of return on certain branded products through the end of the current sales year (September through August). The products must be in an unopened and undamaged state and must be resalable in the sole opinion of the Company to qualify for a refund. The Company uses a historical returns percentage to estimate the refund liability and records a reduction of revenue in the period in which revenue is recognized.

~~Contract Assets~~ADAMA Collaboration Agreement

The Company has a collaboration agreement, or Collaboration Agreement, with Makhteshim Agan of North America, Inc., or ADAMA, for the development and ~~Liabilities~~commercialization of the Double Team Sorghum Weed Control System, or DT, which is comprised of ADAMA’s ACCase herbicide used in concert with the Company’s ACCase tolerant ATS Sorghum product, Double Team Sorghum Cropping Solution. Both parties are active participants in the operating activities of the collaboration and exposed to significant risks and rewards depending on the commercial success of the activities. Although the DT product is designed to be used as a system, the Company sells only the Double Team sorghum seed portion of the system and recognizes the revenue consistent with its sales of other seed products.

Under the Collaboration Agreement, the Company will only label and promote ATS Sorghum products with ADAMA herbicides, while ADAMA will not sell ACCase herbicides for use on competing ATS Sorghum products. Further, all DT related trademarks are jointly owned by the Company and ADAMA, and each company grants the other a license free royalty to use these DT related trademarks. The parties have agreed to share the increase in commercial value created and realized by DT, or Total Value Share, with the Company and ADAMA taking 60% and 40% of the Total Share Value, respectively. The Total Share Value is the sum of (a) the increase in gross margin realized by the Company from sale of the Double Team Sorghum product, compared to margins realized by its non-ATS Sorghum products, (b) 100% of the ADAMA’s ACCase herbicide gross margin, and (c) any DT-related technology licensing fees received by either party. The Total Value Share is estimated each calendar quarter and a final net settlement is paid at the end of each market year, which ends in August. Estimated and final net settlement amounts to be paid or received are recorded as adjustments to cost of sales.

Double Team sorghum seed sales were $4.0 million and $4.5 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2023, respectively. Double Team sorghum seed sales were $1.2 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2022. The Total Value Share net settlement amounts pursuant to the Collaboration Agreement were not significant for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Payment Terms and Related Balance Sheet Accounts

Accounts receivable represent amounts that are payable to the Company by its customers subject only to the passage of time. Payment terms on invoices are generally 30to 180 ~~days~~days for export customers and end of sales season ~~(September 30~~th)(October 31st) for branded products sold within the United States. As the period between the transfer of goods and/or services to the customer and receipt of payment is less than one year, the Company does not separately account for a financing component in its contracts with customers.

The Company ~~provides an allowance for doubtful trade~~had $177,722 and $203,222 in unbilled receivables ~~equal~~as of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, respectively, which related to its service level agreement with Vision Bioenergy, as the ~~estimated uncollectible amounts (see Note 2). When~~Company bills Vision Bioenergy on a quarterly basis.

Losses on accounts receivable and unbilled receivables are recognized if and when it becomes probable that ~~a trade receivable~~amounts will not be ~~collected, it is written off against~~paid. These losses are reversed in subsequent periods if these amounts are paid. During the ~~allowance for doubtful accounts. If an account that has been written off is subsequently corrected,~~three and six months ended December 31, 2023, the ~~provision for doubtful receivables is reversed, which can result in a net negative provision in a period.~~

Company recognized bad debt expense of $307,069 and $472,411, respectively, associated with impaired accounts receivable. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2022, the Company ~~recorded a net provision for doubtful receivables~~recognized bad debt expense (income) of $30,212 and ~~a net reversal of the provision for doubtful receivables of $(~~($125,209), ~~respectively.~~respectively, associated with impaired accounts receivable.

Deferred revenue represents payments received from customers in advance of completion of the Company's performance obligation. During the six months ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized $0.4 million of revenue that was included in the deferred balance as of June 30, 2023. During the six months ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $0.6 million of revenue that was included in the deferred balance as of June 30, 2022. ~~During the six months ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized $0.4~~ ~~million of revenue that was included in the deferred balance as of June 30, 2021.~~

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company disaggregates revenue by type of contract and by destination country. The following table shows revenue from external sources by type of contract:


	Three Months Ended December 31,				Six Months Ended December 31,				Three Months Ended December 31,				Six Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021		2023		2022		2023		2022
Seed sales	$	12,834,831	$	11,818,392	$	32,672,618	$	26,723,793	$	10,665,281	$	12,834,831	$	26,707,239	$	32,672,618
Services		102,971		813,017		131,049		1,439,297		199,528		102,971		590,036		131,049
Total revenue	$	12,937,802	$	12,631,409	$	32,803,667	$	28,163,090	$	10,864,809	$	12,937,802	$	27,297,275	$	32,803,667

The following tables show revenue and percentage of revenue from external sources by destination country:

Three Months Ended December 31,

Six Months Ended December 31,

2022

2021

2022

2021

Saudi Arabia

$
2,165,680

17
%

$
1,680,546

13
%

$
7,337,966

22
%

$
5,147,756

18
%
United States

1,843,826

14
%

$
2,404,078

19
%

6,104,580

19
%

6,069,406

22
%
Australia

2,501,634

19
%

$
2,245,847

18
%

5,059,366

15
%

5,679,852

20
%
Libya

1,162

0
%

$
44,000

0
%

2,999,209

9
%

1,088,000

4
%
Mexico

1,799,590

14
%

$
94,000

1
%

2,530,690

8
%

322,420

1
%
Sudan

1,508,599

12
%

$
—

0
%

2,310,643

7
%

819,618

3
%
Pakistan

531,471

4
%

$
2,067,506

16
%

1,353,091

4
%

2,231,561

8
%
South Africa

933,927

7
%

$
1,378,781

11
%

933,927

3
%

1,378,781

5
%
Argentina

443,474

3
%

$
1,058,308

8
%

806,452

2
%

1,409,147

5
%
Algeria

—

0
%

$
186,000

1
%

754,680

2
%

186,000

1
%
Other

1,208,439

9
%

$
1,472,343

12
%

2,613,063

8
%

3,830,549

14
%
Total revenue

$
12,937,802

100
%

$
12,631,409

100
%

$
32,803,667

100
%

$
28,163,090

100
%


	Three Months Ended December 31,										Six Months Ended December 31,
	2023					2022					2023				2022
United States	$	5,676,396		52	%	$	2,455,133		19	%	$	8,696,966	32	%	$	4,716,140	14	%
Saudi Arabia		(180,903	)	-2	%		2,165,680		17	%		4,178,827	15	%		7,339,344	22	%
Mexico		1,904,895		18	%		1,092,320		8	%		3,467,712	13	%		3,815,523	12	%
Australia		1,446,044		14	%		2,569,026		20	%		3,452,241	13	%		5,154,858	16	%
South Africa		309,089		3	%		747,741		6	%		2,241,422	8	%		1,064,006	3	%
Libya		682,200		6	%		(2,439	)	0	%		1,755,000	7	%		2,995,608	9	%
Sudan		—		0	%		1,506,819		12	%		1,421,527	5	%		2,303,702	7	%
Pakistan		371,868		3	%		531,472		4	%		955,000	3	%		1,353,091	4	%
Egypt		348,000		3	%		588,600		4	%		348,000	1	%		595,180	2	%
Uganda		289,935		3	%		—		0	%		329,935	1	%		—	0	%
Other		17,285		0	%		1,283,450		10	%		450,645	2	%		3,466,215	11	%
Total revenue	$	10,864,809		100	%	$	12,937,802		100	%	$	27,297,275	100	%	$	32,803,667	100	%

NOTE 5 – INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets consist of the following:


	Balance at June 30, 2022		Transfer to Trigall Australia			Amortization			Currency Translation Adjustment			Balance at December 31, 2022		Balance at June 30, 2023		Other Additions and Disposals		Amortization			Currency Translation Adjustment		Balance at December 31, 2023
Intellectual property														$	21,650,534	$	—	$	(692,458	)	$	—	$	20,958,076
Trade name	$	1,084,791	$	—		$	(98,148	)	$	(3,290	)	$	983,353		880,933		—		(92,641	)		2,642		790,934
Customer relationships		5,499,815		—			(176,526	)		(59,071	)		5,264,218		4,968,675		—		(171,967	)		116,044		4,912,752
GI customer list		42,983		—			(3,582	)		—			39,401		35,819		—		(3,582	)		—		32,237
Supply agreement		775,241		—			(37,817	)		—			737,424		699,608		—		(37,817	)		—		661,791
Grower relationships		1,331,581		—			(52,703	)		—			1,278,878		1,226,175		—		(52,703	)		—		1,173,472
Intellectual property		23,035,925		—			(692,933	)		—			22,342,992
License agreement		1,986,598		(1,885,907	)		(75,610	)		(25,081	)		—
Internal use software		338,893		—			(33,889	)		—			305,004		271,115		—		(33,889	)		—		237,226
	$	34,095,827	$	(1,885,907	)	$	(1,171,208	)	$	(87,442	)	$	30,951,270	$	29,732,859	$	—	$	(1,085,057	)	$	118,686	$	28,766,488


	Balance at June 30, 2021		Other Additions and Disposals		Amortization			Currency Translation Adjustment			Balance at June 30, 2022		Balance at June 30, 2022		Other Additions and Disposals			Amortization			Currency Translation Adjustment			Balance at June 30, 2023
Intellectual property													$	23,035,925	$	—		$	(1,385,391	)	$	—		$	21,650,534
Trade name	$	1,310,489	$	—	$	(203,009	)	$	(22,689	)	$	1,084,791		1,084,791		—			(196,627	)		(7,231	)		880,933
Customer relationships		6,302,591		—		(373,393	)		(429,383	)		5,499,815		5,499,815		—			(353,000	)		(178,140	)		4,968,675
Non-compete		5,058		—		(5,058	)		—			—
GI customer list		50,146		—		(7,163	)		—			42,983		42,983		—			(7,164	)		—			35,819
Supply agreement		850,874		—		(75,633	)		—			775,241		775,241		—			(75,633	)		—			699,608
Grower relationships		1,436,988		—		(105,407	)		—			1,331,581		1,331,581		—			(105,406	)		—			1,226,175
Intellectual property		24,427,857		—		(1,391,932	)		—			23,035,925
License agreement		2,340,269		—		(172,004	)		(181,667	)		1,986,598		1,986,598		(1,885,907	)		(75,610	)		(25,081	)		—
Internal use software		406,670		—		(67,777	)		—			338,893		338,893		—			(67,778	)		—			271,115
	$	37,130,942	$	—	$	(2,401,376	)	$	(633,739	)	$	34,095,827	$	34,095,827	$	(1,885,907	)	$	(2,266,609	)	$	(210,452	)	$	29,732,859

~~On December 23, 2022, the Company transferred certain intellectual property rights under a license agreement to Trigall Australia as part of its equity investment in the partnership (see Note 1).~~ Amortization expense totaled $~~581,212~~539,830 and $~~601,649~~581,212 for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. Amortization expense totaled $~~1,171,208~~1,085,057 and $~~1,206,138~~1,171,208 for the six months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

Estimated aggregate remaining amortization is as follows:

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

Thereafter

Amortization expense

$
1,080,323

$
2,160,322

$
2,119,891

$
1,979,781

$
1,928,897

$
21,682,056


	2024		2025		2026		2027		2028		Thereafter
Amortization expense	$	1,522,334	$	2,120,172	$	1,980,015	$	1,929,131	$	1,871,840	$	19,342,996

NOTE 6 - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Components of property, plant and equipment were as follows:

As of

As of

December 31, 2022

June 30, 2022

Land and improvements

$
2,260,672

$
2,265,087

Buildings and improvements

8,130,736

8,119,960

Machinery and equipment

14,839,714

14,972,462

Vehicles

1,082,908

1,085,342

Leasehold improvements

552,811

552,810

Construction in progress

24,585

110,107

Total property, plant and equipment

26,891,426

27,105,768

Less: accumulated depreciation

(11,184,855
)

(10,234,099
)
Property, plant and equipment, net

$
15,706,571

$
16,871,669


	As of			As of
	December 31, 2023			June 30, 2023
Land and improvements	$	949,088		$	939,089
Buildings and improvements		3,377,702			3,356,755
Machinery and equipment		12,686,592			12,667,858
Vehicles		778,632			605,891
Leasehold improvements		552,810			552,810
Construction in progress		920,411			177,538
Total property, plant and equipment		19,265,235			18,299,941
Less: accumulated depreciation		(8,914,348	)		(8,217,773	)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	10,350,887		$	10,082,168

Depreciation expense totaled $~~546,743~~393,221 and $~~614,078~~546,743 for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021,~~ respectively.

Depreciation expense totaled $~~1,153,491~~797,547 and $~~1,184,588~~1,153,491 for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

NOte 7 - investments

Shell Partnership

The terms and ~~2021, respectively.~~conditions of the Contribution and Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, or Purchase Agreement, with Shell relating to the February 6, 2023 partnership for the development and production of sustainable biofuel feedstocks through Vision Bioenergy are presented in Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2023. No new activity occurred during the six months ended December 31, 2023. Activity in the period consisted of the recording of the Company's 34% share of Vision Bioenergy's loss for the period, which is recorded to Equity in loss of equity method investees, net of tax in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Per the Purchase Agreement, in February 2024, Shell will be required to pay an additional $6.0 million to the Company, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. The Purchase Agreement provides that this required payment could be decreased by up to $4.5 million if (i) certain key personnel transferred to Vision Bioenergy, or Transferred Personnel, are no longer employed by Vision Bioenergy on February 6, 2024 and (ii) the Company or Vision Bioenergy, as applicable, fail to replace such Transferred Personnel with personnel of reasonably similar qualifications within 90 days of the preceding event. The Company’s management deemed that the full $6.0 million payment from Shell to the Company was realizable due to the high likelihood that the Transferred Personnel would remain employed for the first year, or, in any event, could be replaced within 90 days. The fair value of the full amount of this payment, based on the discounted value of the payment as of December 31, 2023, was $6.0 million, which was recorded to Notes receivable, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The summarized unaudited balance sheets presented below reflects the financial information of Vision Bioenergy as of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023:


	As of December 31, 2023 (Unaudited)		As of June 30, 2023 (Unaudited)
Cash	$	2,410,607	$	8,973,896
Other current assets		2,654,196		747,090
Fixed assets		16,952,960		15,051,799
Intangible assets		17,769,680		18,575,108
Goodwill		11,615,424		11,870,376
Other assets		214,094		255,899
TOTAL ASSETS	$	51,616,961	$	55,474,168
Current liabilities	$	1,927,041	$	1,381,493
Long-term liabilities		140,551		176,203
Equity		49,549,369		53,916,472
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	51,616,961	$	55,474,168

The summarized unaudited income statement presented below reflects the financial information of Vision Bioenergy for the three and six months ended December 31, 2023:


	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023 (Unaudited)			Six Months Ended December 31, 2023 (Unaudited)
Revenue	$	1,074,934		$	1,228,924
Gross profit (loss)		619,646			(327,005	)
Loss from operations		(1,794,747	)		(4,624,553	)
Net loss		(1,750,017	)		(4,509,196	)

Trigall Australia Partnership

The terms and conditions of the December 23, 2022 partnership agreement that the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, S&W Seed Company Australia Pty Ltd, or S&W Australia, entered into with Trigall are presented in Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2023. The partnership, Trigall Australia, was created for the development and marketing of wheat varieties in Australia. Activity in the period consisted of the recording of the Company's 20% share of Trigall Australia's net loss for the period, which is recorded to Equity in loss of equity method investees, net of tax in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and the recording of $0.1 million in capital contributions the Company made to Trigall Australia during the six months ended December 31, 2023. The Company is obligated to make an additional $0.3 million in capital contributions to Trigall Australia through June 2025. Per the partnership agreement, S&W Australia is entitled to receive an additional $1.0 million in cash from Trigall, which was paid in full in January 2024.

The following summarizes the carrying amount of the Company's equity method investments reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets:


	As of December 31, 2023					As of June 30, 2023
	Carrying Amount		Economic Interest			Carrying Amount		Economic Interest
Vision Bioenergy	$	20,953,474		34	%	$	22,307,486		34	%
Trigall Australia		671,169		20	%		752,219		20	%
Total equity method investments	$	21,624,643				$	23,059,705

NOTE 78 - DEBT

Total debt outstanding is presented on the Company's condensed consolidated balance ~~sheet~~sheets as follows:


	December 31, 2022			June 30, 2022
							As of December 31, 2023			As of June 30, 2023
Current portion of working capital lines of credit
CIBC	$	16,207,360		$	12,804,611		$	15,815,090		$	19,335,427
National Australia Bank Limited		24,473,556			338,314			28,007,685			25,938,839
National Australia Bank Limited Overdraft Facility		1,160,587			—
Debt issuance costs		(431,286	)		(464,028	)		(225,562	)		(373,487	)
Total current portion of working capital lines of credit, net		41,410,217			12,678,897			43,597,213			44,900,779
Long-term portion of working capital lines of credit, less current portion
National Australia Bank Limited		—			21,703,286
Total long-term portion of working capital lines of credit		—			21,703,286
Total working capital lines of credit, net	$	41,410,217		$	34,382,183		$	43,597,213		$	44,900,779
Current portion of long-term debt
Finance leases	$	608,663		$	804,309		$	455,647		$	383,403
Term Loan - National Australia Bank Limited		340,250			344,400			2,383,850			2,318,050
Machinery & equipment loans - National Australia Bank Limited		254,414			246,547			1,587,419			1,141,349
Machinery & equipment loans - Hyster		11,957			11,834			22,349			11,902
Vehicle loans - Ford Credit		40,341			40,341			102,996			51,278
Secured real estate note - Rooster		6,527,849			6,905,995
Debt issuance costs		(39,574	)		(36,643	)		(106,819	)		(97,221	)
Total current portion, net		7,743,900			8,316,783			4,445,442			3,808,761
Long-term debt, less current portion
Finance leases		239,238			500,723			496,894			304,761
Term loan - National Australia Bank Limited		2,381,750			2,410,800
Machinery & equipment loans - National Australia Bank Limited		1,022,603			963,733
Machinery & equipment loans - Hyster		22,331			28,722			—			15,715
Vehicle loans - Ford Credit		65,934			88,583			221,881			70,103
Secured real estate note - AgAmerica								4,300,000			4,300,000
Debt issuance costs		—			(21	)		(156,435	)		(191,245	)
Total long-term portion, net		3,731,856			3,992,540			4,862,340			4,499,334
Total debt, net	$	11,475,756		$	12,309,323		$	9,307,782		$	8,308,095

CIBC Loan Agreement

On December 26, 2019, the Company entered into the CIBC Loan Agreement with CIBC, which originally provided for a $35.0 million credit facility, or the CIBC Credit Facility. As described in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the CIBC Loan Agreement was subsequently amended on several occasions, ~~through~~including on March 22, 2023, when the ~~year ended June 30, 2022.~~Company entered into the Amended CIBC Loan Agreement. During the six months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Amended CIBC Loan Agreement was ~~further~~ amended as follows:

•

onOn September ~~22, 2022,~~25, 2023, the Company entered into a First Amendment to the Amended CIBC Loan Agreement, ~~was~~or the Loan Amendment, which amended ~~to,~~the Amended CIBC Loan Agreement, by and among the Company, as borrower, and CIBC, as administrative agent and sole lead arranger. The Loan Amendment, among other things, (i) ~~specify that the borrowing base eligible inventory sublimit cannot be reduced below the proceeds available to be drawn under the MFP Letter~~waived certain events of ~~Credit (as defined below), (ii) waive the Company's non-compliance with certain financial covenants~~default under the CIBC Loan Agreement, (ii) eliminated the minimum EBITDA and ~~(iii) establish a minimum liquidity of no less than $1.0~~ ~~million tested weekly as of the last day of each week~~fixed charge coverage ratio covenants for the ~~remainder of~~period ending June 30, 2024, (iii) increased the ~~term of the CIBC Loan Agreement;~~

•

applicable interest rate margin on ~~October 28, 2022, the CIBC Loan Agreement was amended to, among other things, increase (i) the total revolving loan commitment to $21.0~~ ~~million from $18.0~~ ~~million and (ii) the borrowing base eligible inventory sublimit to $12.0~~ ~~million from $9.0~~ ~~million; and~~

•

~~on December 23, 2022, the CIBC Loan Agreement was amended to, among other things, extend the maturity date of all revolving loans,~~ advances ~~and other obligations outstanding~~ under the CIBC Loan Agreement by 0.5% per annum (i.e. from ~~December 23, 2022~~2.0% to ~~March 23, 2023.~~2.5% per annum), and (iv) added a fee of $75,000 payable by us to CIBC on the date of the Loan Amendment. Except as modified by the Loan Amendment, all terms and conditions of the Amended CIBC Loan Agreement remain in full force and effect.

16The Amended CIBC Loan Agreement provides for a senior secured credit facility, or the Amended CIBC Credit Facility, of up to $25.0 million from February 1 to October 31 of each year, and up to $18.0 million from November 1 to January 31 of each year. The proceeds of advances under the Amended CIBC Credit Facility may be used to finance the Company’s ongoing working capital requirements and other general corporate purposes. Availability of funds under the Amended CIBC Credit Facility is subject to a borrowing base equal to (a) up to 85% of eligible domestic accounts receivable, plus (b) up to 90% of eligible foreign accounts receivable, plus (c) up to the lesser of (i) 65% of eligible inventory and (ii) 85% of the appraised net orderly liquidation value of eligible inventory, in each case subject to an eligible inventory sublimit, in each case ((a), (b) and (c)), as more fully set forth in the Amended CIBC Loan Agreement and subject to lender reserves that CIBC may establish from time to time in its sole discretion, determined in good faith. Advances under the Amended CIBC Credit Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to a reference rate equal to CIBC’s prime rate at any time (or, if greater, the federal funds rate at such time plus 0.5%) plus an applicable margin of 2.5% per the Loan Amendment. The interest rate for the Amended CIBC Credit Facility was 10.50% as of December 31, 2023. The Company’s obligations under the Amended CIBC Loan Agreement are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of the Company’s assets (subject to certain exceptions), including intellectual property. All amounts outstanding under the Amended CIBC Loan Agreement, including, but not limited to, accrued and unpaid principal and interest due under the CIBC Credit Facility, will be due and payable in full on August 31, 2024.

The Amended CIBC Loan Agreement contains certain customary representations and warranties, events of default, and affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations with respect to debt, liens, fundamental changes, asset sales, restricted payments, investments and transactions with affiliates, subject to certain exceptions. Amounts due under the Amended CIBC Loan Agreement may be accelerated upon an “event of default,” as defined in the Amended CIBC Loan Agreement, such as failure to pay amounts owed thereunder when due, breach of a covenant, material inaccuracy of a representation, or occurrence of bankruptcy or insolvency, subject in some cases to cure periods. Additionally, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default, CIBC may elect to increase the existing interest rate on all of the Company’s outstanding obligations by 2.0% per annum.

As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants contained in the CIBC Loan Agreement. As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, there was approximately $~~4.8~~2.2 million of unused availability on the CIBC Credit ~~Facility.~~

~~Rooster Note~~

During the six months ended December 31, 2022, the Rooster Note (as defined in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2022) was amended as follows:

•

~~on September 22, 2022, the Company entered into~~Facility, which had an ~~amendment to extend the Rooster Note’s maturity date to December 23, 2022; and~~

•

~~on December 23, 2022, the Company entered into an amendment to the Rooster Note that (i) increased the interest rate on the Rooster Note from~~ ~~7.75% to~~ ~~9.25% per annum and (ii) extended the maturity date~~available borrowing base of ~~the Rooster Note from December 23, 2022 to March 1, 2023.~~

~~On February 6, 2023, Shell paid off the approximately~~ $~~7.0~~18.0 million, ~~of outstanding principal and accrued interest~~which is the maximum amount that can be borrowed until this is raised to $25.0 million per the Amended CIBC Credit Facility on ~~the Rooster Note in connection with the Vision Bioenergy partnership (see Note 13).~~February 1, 2024.

Australian Facilities

S&W Australia’s debt facilities with National Australia Bank, or NAB, as amended to date, or the NAB Finance Agreement, were amended and restated effective ~~October 24, 2022, and further amended on October 25, 2022.~~November 17, 2023. Pursuant to the amendments contained in the NAB Finance Agreement, among other things:

•

the borrowing base line credit limit under S&W Australia’s seasonal credit facility was ~~increased~~decreased from ~~AUD $32.0~~ ~~million (USD $21.8~~ ~~million as of December 31, 2022) to~~ AUD $40.0 million (USD $27.2 million as of December 31, ~~2022)~~2023) to AUD $36.0 million (USD $24.5 million as of December 31, 2023), ~~with a one-year~~and the maturity date ~~extension to~~was extended from September 30, ~~2024;~~2024 to March 31, 2025. The interest rate for a drawing denominated in a foreign currency is fixed at the time of drawing and will be the foreign currency fixed lending rate plus a customer margin of 3.00% per annum (previously 1.65% per annum). As of December 31, 2023, the Borrowing Base Line accrued interest on Australian dollar drawings at 7.36% per annum calculated daily;

•

the overdraft credit limit under S&W Australia’s seasonal credit facility was increased from AUD $~~1.0~~ ~~million (USD $0.7~~ ~~million as of December 31, 2022) to AUD $~~2.0 million (USD $1.4 million as of December 31, ~~2022)~~2023) to AUD $6.0 million (USD $4.1 million as of December 31, 2023), ~~with a one-year~~and the maturity date ~~extension~~was extended to ~~September 29, 2023;~~March 31, 2024. The Overdraft Facility permits S&W Australia to borrow funds on a revolving line of credit up to the credit limit. Interest accrues daily and is calculated by applying the daily interest rate to the balance owing at the end of the day and is payable monthly in arrears. As of December 31, 2023, the Overdraft Facility accrued interest at 9.72% per annum calculated daily;

•

the flexible rate loan, or the Term Loan, in the amount of AUD $4.0 million (USD $2.7 million at December 31, 2023). Required annual principal payments of AUD $0.5 million on the Term Loan commenced in May 2023, with the remainder of any unpaid balance becoming due on March 31, 2026. Monthly interest amounts outstanding under the Term Loan are payable in arrears at a floating rate quoted by NAB for the applicable pricing period, plus 2.6%. The interest rate as of December 31, 2023 for this was 8.36%. The Term Loan is secured by a lien on all the present and future rights, property and undertakings of S&W Australia; and

•

the financing of certain equipment purchases under a master asset finance facility. Equipment loans under the master asset finance facility have various maturity ~~date~~dates through 2029, which have interest rates ranging from 2.86% to 6.82%. The total credit limit under the facility is AUD $3.0 million (USD $2.0 million as of December 31, 2023). As of December 31, 2023, AUD $1.5 million (USD $1.0 million) was outstanding under S&W Australia’s master asset finance ~~facility was extended~~facility.

The Seasonal Credit Facility is secured by a fixed and floating lien over all the present and future rights, property, and undertakings of S&W Australia. As of December 31, 2023, approximately AUD $~~one year~~0.3 to million (USD $~~September 29, 2023~~0.2 million) remained available for use under the NAB Finance Agreement, which had an available borrowing base, including the overdraft, of AUD $42.0 million (USD $28.6 million as of December 31, 2023). With additional collateral, the available borrowing base as of December 31, 2023 could have increased by an additional AUD $0.6 million (USD $0.4 million).

After the amendments, the consolidated debt facilities under the NAB Finance Agreement provide for up to an aggregate of AUD $49.0 (USD $~~33.3~~33.4 million as of December 31, ~~2022)~~2023) of credit. The NAB Finance Agreement is guaranteed by S&W Seed Company up to a maximum of AUD $15.0 million (USD $10.2 million as of December 31, ~~2022)~~2023).

~~Following the October 2022~~The November 2023 amendments to the NAB Finance Agreement ~~contained an undertaking requiring~~contain various covenants, including the requirement that the Company to maintain a net related entity position of not more than ~~AUD~~USD $~~25.0~~18.5 million and the Company's ability to comply with this undertaking was subject to fluctuations in foreign currency conversion rates outside of the Company's control. Due to fluctuations in foreign currency conversion rates, the Company was not in compliance with this undertaking as of December 31, ~~2022, and~~2023. As of December 31, 2023, the Company ~~subsequently obtained~~was in compliance with all current NAB Finance Agreement covenants.

AgAmerica Note

As described in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company entered into a ~~waiver from NAB~~term loan agreement, or the AgAmerica Loan Agreement, with ~~respect~~AgAmerica on June 20, 2023 pursuant to ~~such non-compliance~~which AgAmerica issued a term loan of $4.3 million, or the AgAmerica Term Loan, to the Company and, as security therefor, the Company granted to AgAmerica a mortgage on approximately 31 acres of land located in Lubbock and Moore Counties, Texas, and certain personal property thereon. No changes to this agreement have occurred during the six months ended December 31, 2023. Per the agreement, interest will accrue at a rate per annum equal to 4.85% plus the Term SOFR Rate, defined as the forward-looking term rate based on the secured overnight financing rate, or SOFR, computed based on the actual number of days elapsed divided by a 360-day year. The annual interest rate as of December 31, ~~2022. On February 8,~~ 2023 was 10.23%. Interest payments are due quarterly in arrears, commencing on June 20, 2023, and on the ~~Company further amended~~last day of each quarter thereafter, unless otherwise accelerated in accordance with the ~~NAB Finance~~terms of the AgAmerica Loan Agreement ~~to change~~or the ~~required net related entity position from AUD $25.0~~ ~~million to USD $18.5~~ ~~million. The Company believes that this amendment will provide the Company with greater control over compliance with this undertaking. As of December 31, 2022, approximately AUD $4.3~~ ~~million (USD $2.9~~ ~~million) remained available for use under the NAB Finance Agreement.~~AgAmerica Note.

MFP Loan Agreement

On September 22, 2022, the Company’s largest stockholder, MFP Partners, L.P., or MFP, provided a letter of credit issued by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. for the account of ~~MFP, with an initial face amount~~MFP. This letter of $~~9.0~~ ~~million,~~credit, or the MFP Letter of Credit, was subsequently amended on October 28, 2022, November 30, 2022, and March 22, 2023, as described in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the ~~benefit~~year ended June 30, 2023. Per the March 22, 2023 amendment, the face amount of ~~CIBC, as additional collateral to support~~ the ~~Company’s obligations under the CIBC Loan Agreement. The~~ MFP Letter of Credit ~~initially matured on~~ increased to $~~January 23, 2023~~13.0~~, one month after~~ million and extend the maturity date ~~of the existing CIBC Loan Agreement. Concurrently, on~~to September 30, 2024.

On September 22, 2022, the Company also entered into a Subordinate Loan and Security Agreement, or the MFP Loan Agreement, with MFP, pursuant to which any draw CIBC may make on the MFP Letter of Credit will be deemed to be a term loan advance made by MFP to the Company. ~~The MFP Loan Agreement initially provided for up to $9.0~~ ~~million of term loan advances.~~

Concurrent with the ~~October 28, 2022~~March 22, 2023 amendment to the CIBC Loan Agreement, ~~(as described above),~~the Company entered into a Third Amendment to Subordinate Loan and Security Agreement with MFP, ~~amended the~~or MFP ~~Letter of Credit~~Amendment, to (i) increase the ~~face~~aggregate amount of cash advances permitted from $~~9.0~~12.0 million to $~~12.0~~13.0 ~~million, and the MFP Loan Agreement was amended to~~million; (ii) increase the ~~maximum amount of term loan advances available to the Company from $9.0~~ ~~million to $12.0~~ ~~million. In connection with the December 23, 2022 amendment to the CIBC Loan Agreement, MFP amended the MFP Letter of Credit, extending the maturity date from January 23, 2023 to April 30, 2023.~~

~~The MFP Loan Agreement will mature on~~ ~~November 30, 2025. Pursuant to the MFP Loan Agreement, the Company will pay to MFP a~~ cash fee ~~through the maturity date of the~~payable to MFP ~~Letter of Credit equal to~~ ~~3.50% per annum~~ on all amounts remaining undrawn under the ~~MFP~~ Letter of ~~Credit.~~Creditfrom 3.50% to 4.25% per annum; (iii) provide for the issuance of the MFP Warrant to MFP (Note 10); and (iv) reflect the extension of the maturity date of the Letter of Credit to September 30, 2024. In the event any term advances are deemed made under the MFP Loan Agreement, such advances will bear interest at a rate per annum equal to term SOFR (with a floor of 1.25%) plus 9.25%, 50% of which will be payable in cash on the last day of each fiscal quarter and 50% of which will accrue as payment in kind interest payable on the maturity date, unless, with respect to any quarterly payment date, the Company elects to pay such interest in cash. As amended, the MFP Loan Agreement will mature on March 30, 2025.

The MFP Loan Agreement, as amended, includes customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of ~~default. The MFP Loan Agreement~~default, and is secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets and is subordinated to the CIBC Loan Agreement. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default, MFP may declare all outstanding obligations under the MFP Loan Agreement immediately due and payable and take such other actions as set forth in the MFP Loan Agreement.

Maturities of Long-Term Debt

The annual maturities of long-term debt, excluding finance lease liabilities, are as follows:


Fiscal Year	Amount		Amount
2023	$	6,699,960
2024		675,326
Remainder of 2024			$	4,045,117
2025		585,624		77,987
2026		2,351,682		4,377,987
2027		164,072		77,987
Thereafter		190,765
2028				39,418
Total	$	10,667,429	$	8,618,496

NOTE 89 - FOREIGN CURRENCY FORWARD CONTRACTS AND OPTIONS

The Company’s subsidiary, S&W Australia, is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in the normal course of its business, which the Company ~~held~~manages through the use of foreign currency forward contracts. These foreign currency contracts ~~with~~are not designated as hedging instruments; accordingly, changes in the fair value are recorded in current period earnings. These foreign currency contracts had a notional value of $~~18,760,948~~5,496,155 aton December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, with maturities ranging from January ~~2023~~2024 to ~~June 2023~~April 2024.

The Company records an asset or liability on the condensed consolidated balance ~~sheet~~sheets for the fair value of the foreign currency forward contracts. The foreign currency contract liabilities totaled $~~1,009,469~~203,440 and $~~996,106~~849,033 aton December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively. The Company recorded ~~gain~~gains of $~~484,518~~712,797 and ~~loss of~~ $~~13,256~~484,518 on foreign currency forward contracts for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, and ~~losses~~a gain of $654,529 and loss of $19,466 ~~and $252,059~~ for the six months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. Gains and losses on foreign exchange contracts are reflected ~~in cost~~within Cost of ~~revenue.~~

~~In December 2022, the Company acquired foreign currency options with a total notional amount of AUD $8,451,123. The strike prices on the transaction dates and as of December 31, 2022, were above the market price, so the options had~~ no ~~intrinsic value. Option premiums of AUD $42,080~~ ~~are reflected in the caption "Prepaid expenses and other current assets"~~revenue on the condensed consolidated ~~balance sheet as~~statement of ~~December 31, 2022.~~operations.

The Company's accounting policies for foreign currency contracts and options isare found in Note 2 under the section titled "Derivative Financial Instruments."

NOTE 910 – EQUITY

ATM Common Stock Sales

On September 23, 2020, the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, or the ATM Agreement, with B. Riley Securities, Inc., or B. Riley, under which it may offer and sell from time to time, at its sole discretion, shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $17.1 million through B. Riley as its sales agent. On May 17, 2022, the Company amended the ATM Agreement to have an aggregate offering price of $24.6 million.

For the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not sell any shares of its common stock pursuant to the ATM Agreement. The shares of common stock issuable under the ATM Agreement were registered under the Securities Act pursuant to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File 333-248974), which ceased to be effective on November 2, 2023. The Company has elected to not renew the ATM agreement.

MFP Warrants

On September 22, 2022, the Company entered into a Subordinate Loan and Security Agreement, or the MFP Loan Agreement, with MFP, pursuant to which any draw CIBC may make on the MFP Letter of Credit will be deemed to be a term loan advance made by MFP to the Company (see Note 7)8). Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the MFP Loan ~~agreement,~~Agreement and subsequent amendments on ~~September~~October 28, 2022, December 22, 2022 ~~the Company issued to MFP a warrant, or Initial Warrant,~~and March 22, 2023, warrants to purchase ~~up to~~a total of ~~500,000~~2,633,400 shares of the Company’s common stock ~~or Initial Warrant Shares, at~~were issued to MFP in fiscal 2023. All warrants will expire five years from the date of issuance and have exercise prices ranging from $1.60 - $2.15per ~~share (subject~~share. The stated purchase prices of all of the MFP Warrants are subject to adjustment in connection with any stock dividends and splits, distributions with respect to ~~the Company's~~ common stock and certain fundamental transactions as described in the ~~Initial Warrant). The Initial Warrant expires~~ 5 ~~years from its issue date, or September 22, 2027.~~

~~In connection with the October 28, 2022 and December 22, 2022 amendments to the~~ MFP ~~Letter of Credit, the Company issued to MFP additional warrants to purchase~~ ~~166,700~~ ~~and~~ ~~666,700~~ ~~shares of the Company’s common stock, respectively, at an exercise price of $1.60~~ ~~per warrant share. The warrants will each expire~~ ~~five years~~ ~~from the date of issuance.~~

~~In total, warrants to purchase~~ ~~1,333,400~~ ~~shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to MFP in connection with the MFP Loan Agreement, or MFP Warrants, during the six months ended December 31, 2022.~~Warrant. The MFP Warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes-Merton model as of the respective issue dates and recorded as a financial commitment ~~asset~~assets within ~~the caption "Prepaid~~Prepaid expenses and other current ~~assets"~~assets on the condensed consolidated balance ~~sheet.~~sheets. The MFP ~~Warrant current~~Warrants financial commitment assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the period from their initial issue dates through the end of the related MFP Letter of Credit commitment periods. During the three and six months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, an aggregate value of $~~802,901~~212,873 ~~related to the MFP Warrants was capitalized, of which~~and $~~291,487~~425,746, respectively, was amortized as interest expense. For further details on the MFP Warrants, refer to Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2023.

MFP is the Company’s largest shareholder. One of the Company’s directors, Alexander C. Matina, ~~is Vice President and~~was Portfolio Manager of MFP Investors LLC, the general partner of ~~MFP.~~MFP, until December 31, 2023, at which point he transitioned to an advisor role for MFP Investors LLC. Mr. Matina will continue to serve on the Company's board of directors.

NOTE 1011 - EQUITY-BASED COMPENSATION

Stock Options

The Company utilizes a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model, which includes assumptions regarding the risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, life of the award, and the volatility of the Company's common stock to estimate the fair value of employee options grants. Weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton model are set forth below for the periods indicated:


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Risk free rate	4.45% - 4.78%		2.87% - 4.41%
Dividend yield		—		—
Volatility	70.3% - 70.6%		64.7% - 66.1%
Forfeiture rate	10.6%		8.7%

During the six months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company granted options to purchase ~~787,502~~323,649 shares of its common stock to certain of its directors, members of the executive management team, ~~and~~ other employees, and non-employee service providers at exercise prices ranging from $~~0.81~~0.66 - $~~1.04~~0.77 per share. These options vest in either quarterly or annual periods over oneto three ~~year~~syears and expire ten years from the date of grant.

A summary of stock option activity for the six months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and the year ended June 30, ~~2022~~2023 is presented below:


	Number of Options			Weighted - Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Number of Options			Weighted - Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at June 30, 2021		3,776,568		$	2.65		8.0	$	3,962,766
Granted		994,725			2.63
Exercised		(38,774	)		2.33
Canceled/forfeited/expired		(95,419	)		2.82
Outstanding at June 30, 2022		4,637,100			2.64		6.6		—		4,637,100		$	2.64		6.6	$	—
Granted		787,502			0.87						1,389,675			1.25
Exercised		—			—						(2,100	)		0.95
Canceled/forfeited/expired		(844,545	)		2.79						(947,707	)		2.84
Outstanding at December 31, 2022		4,580,057			2.31		7.2		491,508

Options vested and exercisable at December 31, 2022		3,048,678		$	2.63		6.2	$	1,875.00
Options vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2022		4,568,721			2.31		7.2		486,844
Outstanding at June 30, 2023											5,076,968		$	2.23		7.1	$	292,079
Granted											323,649			0.76
Canceled/forfeited/expired											(281,601	)		2.52
Outstanding at December 31, 2023											5,119,016		$	2.12		7.2	$	1,977
Options vested and exercisable at December 31, 2023											3,849,028		$	2.37		6.6	$	—
Options vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2023											5,107,873		$	2.12		7.2	$	1,963

The weighted average grant date per share fair value of options granted during the three and six months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 was $~~0.47~~0.43. AtOn December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company had $~~1,019,195~~561,804 of unrecognized stock compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to the options under the S&W Seed Company 2009 Equity Incentive Plan and the S&W Seed Company 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, or 2019 Plan, which will be recognized over the weighted average remaining service period of ~~1.93~~ 1.52years. The Company settles employee stock option exercises with newly issued shares of common stock.

Restricted Stock Units

During the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company issued ~~431,704~~907,073 and 431,707 restricted stock units, respectively, to its directors, certain members of the executive management team, other employees, and ~~other employees.~~non-employee service providers. The restricted stock units have varying vesting periods ranging from immediate vesting to quarterly or annual installments over oneto ~~three-year~~three yearss.. The fair value of the awards granted during the six months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 totaled $~~443,375~~528,858 and $~~829,780~~443,375, respectively, and was based on the closing stock price on the date of grants.

1923

A summary of activity related to non-vested restricted stock units is presented below:


	Number of Nonvested Restricted Stock Units			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Number of Nonvested Restricted Stock Units			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
Nonvested restricted units outstanding at June 30, 2021		361,570		$	2.51		1.3
Granted		304,421			2.78		—
Vested		(391,036	)		2.62		—
Forfeited		(7,036	)		2.35		—
Nonvested restricted units outstanding at June 30, 2022		267,919			2.66		1.2		267,919		$	2.66		1.2
Granted		431,704			1.03		—		534,628			1.14		1.5
Vested		(192,952	)		2.72		—		(353,649	)		2.22		—
Forfeited		(8,750	)		2.50		—		(8,750	)		2.50		—
Nonvested restricted units outstanding at December 31, 2022		497,921			1.22		1.7
Nonvested restricted units outstanding at June 30, 2023									440,148		$	1.17		1.4
Granted									907,073			0.58		1.2
Vested									(346,122	)		1.20		—
Nonvested restricted units outstanding at December 31, 2023									1,001,099		$	0.63		1.3

AtOn December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company had $~~546,369~~588,711 of unrecognized stock compensation expense related to the restricted stock units, which will be recognized over the weighted average remaining service period of ~~1.72~~1.33 years.

Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense recorded for grants of stock options, restricted stock grants and restricted stock units for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 ~~and 2021~~ totaled$~~305,894~~283,327 and $~~1,014,203~~305,894, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense recorded for grants of stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units for the six months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 totaled $~~762,006~~695,147 and $~~1,418,515~~762,006, respectively.

AtOn December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, there were ~~2,198,793~~730,490 shares available under the 2019 Plan for future grants and awards.

~~Weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton model are set forth below for the periods indicated:~~

Six Months Ended December 31, 2022

Year Ended
June 30, 2022
Risk free rate

2.87% - 4.41%

0.8% - 1.1%
Dividend yield

0

0%
Volatility

64.7% - 66.1%

61.8% - 62.4%
Average forfeiture assumptions

8.7
%

2.8%

NOTE 1112 – SERIES B CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK

The terms and conditions of the Company’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and accompanying ~~Warrant~~warrant are presented in Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, ~~2022.~~2023. No issuances or conversions of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock occurred during the six months ended December 31, ~~2022.~~2023. Activity in the period consisted of accrual of dividends and accretion of the discount on the Warrants.

The following summarizes changes to the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock:

Balance at June 30, 2021

$
-

Issuance of preferred stock

4,638,521

Dividends accrued

127,541

Accretion of discount for warrants

38,757

Balance at June 30, 2022

$
4,804,819

Dividends accrued

176,447

Accretion of discount for warrants

51,676

Balance at December 31, 2022

$
5,032,942


Balance at June 30, 2022	$	4,804,819
Dividends accrued		365,979
Accretion of discount for warrants		103,350
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	5,274,148
Dividends accrued		192,800
Accretion of discount for warrants		51,676
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	5,518,624

NOTE 1213 - NON-CASH ACTIVITIES FOR STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

The below table represents supplemental information to the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for non-cash activities during the six months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.


	Six Months Ended December 31,					Six Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021			2023		2022
Non-cash investing activities:
Contribution of intangible assets to partnership in exchange for equity investment and promissory note	$	1,750,000	$	—
ROU assets financed by lease liabilities		—		(122,863	)	$	1,233,300	$	381,576
Contribution of intangible assets to Trigall in exchange for equity investment and promissory note							—		1,750,000
Non-cash financing activities:
Warrants issued for financial commitment asset		802,901		—			—		802,901
Dividends accrued for participating securities							192,800		176,447
Accretion of discount for Series B preferred stock warrants		51,676		—			51,676		51,676
Dividends accrued for participating securities		176,447		—

~~NOTE 13 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS~~25

~~Shell Partnership~~

On February 6, 2023, S&W and Shell entered into a Contribution and Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, relating to a joint venture for the development and production of sustainable biofuel feedstocks, pursuant to which:

•

S&W (i) contributed its Nampa, Idaho production and research facilities, or the Nampa Facilities, to Vision Bioenergy, along with certain personal property, including vehicles, fixed assets and other similar equipment; (ii) caused Vision Bioenergy to make offers of employment to certain key personnel; (iii) assigned to Vision Bioenergy certain contracts and permits; and (iv) agreed to a two-year non-solicitation covenant with respect to the personnel transferred to Vision Bioenergy; and

•

~~Shell (i) made a $13.0~~ ~~million cash contribution to Vision Bioenergy; (ii) paid $7.0~~ ~~million to S&W; and (iii) paid off in full the Rooster Note, which was secured by a priority security interest in the property, plant and fixtures located at the Nampa Facilities.~~

~~In February 2024, Shell will be required to pay an additional $6.0~~ ~~million, and make an additional $12.0~~ ~~million cash contribution to Vision Bioenergy.~~

~~Shell received a~~ 66~~% interest in Vision Bioenergy and S&W retained a~~ 34% interest. Additionally, upon the achievement of certain specified milestones, measured as of the fourth and seventh anniversaries of the closing of the joint venture transaction, S&W is eligible to receive up to an additional aggregate 10~~% interest in Vision Bioenergy. In addition, S&W has a one-time option, exercisable at any time on or before the fourth anniversary of the closing of the joint venture transaction, to purchase a~~ 6~~% membership interest from Shell for a purchase price ranging between approximately $7.1~~ ~~and $12.0~~ ~~million, depending on the date on which such purchase is completed.~~

~~Amendment of NAB Finance Agreement~~

~~On February 8, 2023, the NAB Finance Agreement was amended to change the maximum permissible net related entity position from AUD $25.0~~ ~~million to USD $18.5~~ ~~million.~~

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition to our historical condensed consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as referred to under the heading “Forward-Looking Statements” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, particularly in Part I, Item 1A., “Risk Factors.”

Strategic Review

We ~~recently undertook a~~have maintained our strategic ~~review of our~~path for operations and future growth ~~opportunities~~in sorghum while continuing to ~~determine areas we believe are~~execute and refine our key centers of value ~~including~~for our ~~sorghum technology operations (led by Double Team™, our non-GMO herbicide tolerant sorghum solution),~~ international forage ~~operations, U.S.~~and pastures and alfalfa businesses. With grower adoption of our Double Team grain sorghum solution accelerating since its fiscal 2022 launch and the technological development of Double Team planned for forage ~~operations~~ and ~~our specialty crops.~~

~~With respect to specialty crops,~~grain sorghum products in fiscal 2024, we intend to initially focus on stevia and camelina. We believe that an opportunity exists to bring to market new stevia varieties that can both meet consumer taste requirements and have yield quality that would enable farmers to profitably grow stevia in North and South America. We plan to leverage our proprietary stevia germplasm to form collaborations and commercial agreements with supply chain partners to create a U.S.-based stevia production industry for high-quality stevia sweetener with superior taste profiles that would supply major customers in the U.S. market, including pursuant to our previously announced U.S. stevia pilot production supply agreement with Ingredion. We also believe we ~~have an opportunity~~are in a unique position to ~~enter~~be the ~~camelina market as a seed and~~leading technology provider ~~where we plan to work with large oil companies for biofuel production leveraging our capabilities in producing, processing, and packaging camelina.~~of this important global crop.

We have ~~also begun working~~continued to align our cost structure to support ~~these~~our key centers of value ~~while assessing other potential value-generating transactions~~in order to drive the business towards profitability. We have decided to pause our development of stevia leaf and ~~means~~re-evaluate its longer-term profit opportunity with our partners. We have reduced obsolescence costs through improved life cycle management and SKU optimization efforts with the reduction of low margin forage lines and seed treatment offerings. In fiscal 2024, we have already recognized and expect to ~~strengthen~~further recognize improvement in our ~~balance sheet.~~seed cost position as additional operational efficiency plans are implemented and guided by best-in-class cost standards.

~~On January 3,~~In fiscal 2023, we and Trigall Genetics S.A., or Trigall Genetics, a leader in transgenic wheat, announced our entry into a partnership for the development and marketing of wheat varieties in Australia through Trigall Australia Pty Ltd, a newly formed Australian corporation, or Trigall Australia. S&W Seed Company Australia Pty Ltd, our wholly owned subsidiary, or S&W Australia, contributed its Australia-based wheat breeding program and related assets to Trigall Australia in exchange for $2.0 million in cash, a $1.0 million promissory note to be paid in December 2023 and a 20% ownership interest in Trigall Australia. Pursuant to the partnership, S&W Australia is obligated to make an aggregate of $560,000 of capital contributions to Trigall Australia through June 2025 and has agreed to provide certain marketing, collection and other operational services in support of the partnership.

~~On February 6, 2023, S&W~~ entered into a ~~Contribution and Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, or Shell Partnership Agreement,~~partnership with Equilon Enterprises LLC (dba Shell Oil Products, ~~US,~~ or Shell), relating to a partnership for the development and production of sustainable biofuel feedstocks. The closing of the transactions contemplated by the Shell Partnership Agreement occurred on February 6, 2023, or the Shell Partnership Closing. At the Shell Partnership Closing, among other things:

•

~~S&W (i) contributed its Nampa, Idaho production and research facilities, or the Nampa Facilities, to~~ Vision Bioenergy Oilseeds LLC, ~~an entity formed by S&W for purposes of the partnership,~~ or Vision Bioenergy, ~~along with certain personal property, including vehicles, fixed assets~~that we believe will generate value while strengthening our balance sheet. This partnership intends to develop camelina and other ~~similar equipment; (ii) caused~~oilseed species from which oil and meal can be extracted for future processing into animal feed, biofuels, and other bioproducts. With a limited supply of arable land, camelina provides a long-term opportunity of maximizing farmland food production. The partnership has either met or exceeded all initial cropping acre thresholds and expects to carry out initial grain production later this calendar year on the more than 7,000 acres of camelina planted. Shell is expected to buy all the grain that Vision Bioenergy ~~to make offers of employment to certain key personnel; (iii) assigned to Vision Bioenergy certain contracts and permits; and (iv) agreed to a two-year non-solicitation covenant with respect to~~produces through the ~~personnel transferred to Vision Bioenergy; and~~

•

Shell (i) made a $13.0 million cash contribution to Vision Bioenergy; (ii) paid $7.0 million to S&W; and (iii) paid off S&W’s outstanding approximately $7.0 million Rooster Note (as defined below), which was secured by a priority security interestofftake agreement that is in ~~the property, plant and fixtures located at the Nampa Facilities.~~

In addition, under the terms and conditions of the Shell Partnership Agreement, on the one-year anniversary of the Shell Partnership Closing, Shell is required to pay an additional $6.0 million to S&W and make an additional $12.0 million cash contribution to Vision Bioenergy.

Shell received a 66% interest in Vision Bioenergy and S&W retained a 34% interest. Pursuant to the Shell Partnership Agreement, upon the achievement of certain specified milestones, measured as of the fourth and seventh anniversaries of the Shell Partnership Closing, S&W is eligible to receive up to an additional aggregate 10% interest in Vision Bioenergy. In addition, S&W has a one-time option, exercisable at any time on or before the fourth anniversary of the Shell Partnership Closing, to purchase a 6% membership interest from Shell for a purchase price ranging between approximately $7.1 and $12.0 million, depending on the date on which such purchase is completed.

We believe these partnerships will, among other things, enable us to reduce our operating expenses, provide immediate liquidity to fund our ongoing operations and sharpen our focus on key growth priorities. Overall, we have begun implementing our plan to reduce annual operating expenses by approximately $4.0 to 5.0 million.place.

~~In addition to the above partnerships, we have:~~

•

~~streamlined our European sunflower operations by closing our facilities in Hungary, which we expect to decrease operating expense by approximately $700,000 in fiscal 2023, and~~

•

~~reduced headcount and simplified our organization structure through a reduction in force.~~

Global Economic Conditions

We are subject to additional risks and uncertainties as a result of adverse geopolitical and macroeconomic events, such as the continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the ongoing military conflict between Ukraine and Russia and related sanctions, the armed conflict in Sudan, the war between Israel and Hamas, uncertain market conditions, including higher inflation and supply chain disruptions, recent bank failures, and other global events, which have had and may continue to have an adverse impact on our business, operations and the markets and communities in which we, our partners and customers operate. ~~The COVID-19 pandemic may cause further disruptions in the various markets in which we operate.~~

The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted our operations and financial results in 2021 and 2022, due to broad-based supply chain disruptions across the U.S. and globally. These supply chain issues negatively impacted our ability to book containers for ocean freight, which delayed customer shipments, which in certain cases extended our regular sales and collection cycle. In 2023, we experienced a ~~lessoning~~lessening of the severity of these supply chain issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic, though continue to experience negative effects in certain ~~jurisdictions that continue to have various restrictions, which have impacted certain of our customers.~~jurisdictions. We continue to work closely with our customers, business units, third party contractors and suppliers, and other external business partners to minimize the potential impact on our business.

~~As COVID-19 continues to affect the areas in which we operate, we believe future outbreaks could have a negative impact on our sales, operating results and financial condition.~~ The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our sales, operating results and financial condition will depend on certain developments, including the location, duration and spread of future outbreaks, and the resulting specific impacts felt by our customers, employees, and vendors, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted.

Following the invasion of Ukraine by Russia in early 2022, the U.S. and global financial markets experienced volatility, which has led to disruptions to trade, commerce, pricing stability, credit availability, supply chain continuity and reduced access to liquidity globally. In response to the invasion, the United States, United Kingdom and European Union, along with others, imposed significant new sanctions and export controls against Russia, Russian banks and certain Russian individuals and may implement additional sanctions or take further punitive actions in the future. The full economic and social impact of the sanctions imposed on Russia and possible future punitive measures that may be implemented, as well as the counter measures imposed by Russia, in addition to the ongoing military conflict between Ukraine and Russia and related sanctions, which could conceivably expand into the surrounding region, remains uncertain; however, both the conflict and related sanctions have resulted and could continue to result in disruptions to trade, commerce, pricing stability, credit availability, supply chain continuity and reduced access to liquidity on acceptable terms, in both Europe and globally, and has introduced significant uncertainty into global markets.

The armed conflict in Sudan, which began in April 2023, has disrupted our shipments to the country. We have shipped $1.4 million of our product to Sudan in the first half of fiscal 2024 and do not expect any additional sales to occur in fiscal 2024, although we will continue to monitor and assess conditions. In Saudi Arabia, the government has extended an additional five years, subsidies for farmers to grow wheat in response to ongoing disruptions to grain supply from Ukraine. We believe the subsidy program will result in farmers shifting to production of grains for human consumption instead of fodder for hay production, which would have a negative impact on our ability to

sell products into Saudi Arabia. While the subsidies are expected to impact the total volume of alfalfa seed exported to Saudi Arabia, we believe some farmers or regions will not be adequately equipped to shift to wheat production and importantly, we believe the animal herd size in Saudi Arabia has not changed. Given these factors, we expect the alfalfa market in Saudi Arabia may see a decline in sales, but that some level of sales will continue. To help mitigate any reduction in seed sales to Saudi Arabia, we are actively exploring sales into adjacent markets in the region.

Additionally, in October 2023, Hamas initiated an attack against Israel, resulting in a state of war. The conflict, and the potential escalation or expansion of the conflict, could result in sanctions, cause disruptions to global economic conditions and affect the stability of the Middle East region and our business in that region. For example, we have experienced disruptions and significant delays in shipping through this region due to threats of piracy in the Red Sea area, in which Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (a main port of entry for Saudi Arabia) is located, and which is the primary access point for shipments through the Suez canal.

Our product revenue is predicated on our ability to timely fulfill customer orders, which depends in large part upon the consistent availability and operation of shipping and distribution networks operated by third parties. Farmers typically have a limited window during which they can plant seed, and their buying decisions can be shaped by actual or perceived disruptions in our distribution and supply channels, or concerns about our ability to timely fulfill their orders. If our customers delay or decrease their orders due to potential disruptions in our distribution and supply channels, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic or other adverse geopolitical and macroeconomic events, this will adversely affect our product revenue.

During the fiscal year ended June 30, ~~2022~~2023 and the six months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we experienced numerous logistical challenges due to limited availability of trucks for product deliveries, congestion at the ports, and overall volatility of shipping and transportation costs. We expect these logistical challenges to persist throughout fiscal ~~2023,~~2024, which may, among other things, delay or reduce our ability to recognize revenues within a particular fiscal period and harm our results of operations.

The ultimate impact that COVID-19 and other adverse geopolitical and macroeconomic events will have on our consolidated financial statements remains uncertain and ultimately will be dictated by the length and severity of the pandemic and any broad-based supply chain disruptions, labor shortages, rising levels of inflation and interest rates, tightening of credit markets or other developments resulting from the pandemic or recent geopolitical and macroeconomic events, as well as the economic recovery and actions taken in response to local, state and national governments around the world, including the distribution of vaccinations. We will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of those potential and evolving impacts to our business and condensed consolidated financial statements.

Components of Our Statements of Operations Data

Revenue

We derive most of our revenue from the sale of our proprietary seed varieties and hybrids. We expect that over the next several years, a substantial majority of our revenue will be generated from the sale of alfalfa, sorghum, and pasture seed, although we are continually assessing other possible product offerings or means to increase revenue, including expanding into higher margin crops.

The mix of our product offerings will continue to change over time with the introduction of new seed varieties and hybrids resulting from our robust research and development ~~efforts, including our potential~~efforts. Potential sources of new revenue include expansion of novel, non-GMO product lines, ~~potential~~ entry into gene-edited product markets, ~~potential~~ entry into specialty crop markets, ~~including stevia and~~such as biofuels, and additional strategic transactions.

Our revenue will fluctuate depending on the timing of orders from our customers and distributors and the extent to which markets are impacted by sources of instability and volatility in global markets and industries, including, among other things, the COVID-19 pandemic, the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the armed conflict in Sudan, the war between Israel and Hamas, supply chain issues and global inflation. Because some of our large customers and distributors order in bulk only one or two times per year, our product revenue can fluctuate significantly from period to period. Some of this fluctuation is offset by having operations in both the northern and southern hemispheres. In addition, due to the numerous logistical challenges we have experienced in our shipping and distribution networks resulting from current geopolitical and macroeconomic events, ~~including the COVID-19 pandemic,~~ our product revenue has fluctuated, and our ability to recognize revenues within a particular fiscal period has been impacted. We expect our product revenue will fluctuate from period to period as a result of ~~the~~ current geopolitical and macroeconomic conditions.

Our specialty crops, including our ~~stevia breeding program and~~ biofuels program, have yet to generate any meaningful revenue. However, management continues to evaluate this portion of our business and assess various opportunities to monetize the results of our research and development efforts. Such potential opportunities include possible collaborations, partnerships and/or joint ventures, licensing agreements and royalty-based agreements. For example, we ~~recently~~ entered into our Vision Bioenergy partnership with Shell in February 2023 in order to develop commercially viable camelina sativa and other oilseeds varieties that produce grain from which oil and meal can be extracted for future processing into biofuels, feed and other potential bioproducts. Although we have received upfront payments from Shell pursuant to the partnership and will be entitled to receive an additional ~~payments~~payment from Shell upon the one-year anniversary of our entry into the partnership, there can be no assurance that this will generate any meaningful revenue.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin

Cost of revenue relates to sale of our seed products and consists of the cost of procuring seed, plant conditioning and packaging costs, direct labor and raw materials and overhead costs. Gross margin represents the profit remaining after deducting these costs from total revenue. As Double Team sorghum continues to gain market acceptance, we expect to see additional favorability in our gross margin.

Operating Expenses

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general, and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee costs, including salaries, employee benefits and share-based compensation, as well as professional service fees, insurance, marketing, travel and entertainment expense, public company expense and other overhead costs. We proactively take steps on an ongoing basis to control selling, general and administrative ~~expense~~expenses as much as is reasonably possible.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred in the discovery, development, breeding and testing of new products incorporating the traits we have specifically selected. These expenses consist primarily of employee salaries and benefits, consultant services, land leased for field trials, chemicals and supplies and other external expenses.

Overall, we have been focused on controlling research and development expenses, while balancing that objective against the recognition that continued advancement in product development is an important part of our strategic planning. We intend to focus our resources on high value activities. For alfalfa seed, we plan to invest in further development of differentiating forage quality traits. For sorghum, we plan to invest in higher value grain products, proprietary herbicide tolerance traits and improved safety and palatability in forage products. We expect our research and development expenses will fluctuate from period to period as a result of the timing of various research and development projects.

Our internal research and development costs are expensed as incurred, while third-party research and developments costs are expensed when the contracted work has been performed or as milestone results have been achieved. The costs associated with equipment or facilities acquired or constructed for research and development activities that have alternative future uses are capitalized and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset.

Depreciation and Amortization

We amortize intangible assets, including those acquired from Pasture Genetics Ltd., or Pasture Genetics, in 2020, Chromatin Inc.~~, or Chromatin,~~ in 2018 and from SV Genetics Pty Ltd in ~~May~~ 2016, using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, consisting of periods of ~~3-30~~10 to 30 years for technology/IP/germplasm, ~~5-20~~5 to 20 years for customer relationships and trade names and ~~3-20~~10 to 20 years for other intangible assets. Property, plant and equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, consisting of periods of ~~5-35~~5 to 35 years for buildings, ~~2-20~~3 to 20 years for machinery and equipment and ~~2-5~~3 to 5 years for vehicles.

Other (Income) Expense

Other (income) expense consists ~~primarily~~ of foreign currency ~~gains and~~ losses, ~~gains on disposal of intangible assets and equity investments, changes in contingent consideration obligation,~~ interest expense, ~~and~~ interest expense resulting from the amortization of debt ~~discount.~~discount, and other income. Interest expense and ~~Interest~~interest expense - amortization of debt discount primarily consists of interest costs related to outstanding borrowings on our working capital credit ~~facilities and our financing with Rooster Capital, LLC, or Rooster.~~facilities. Amortization of the MFP Letter of Credit (as defined below) asset is also recorded ~~under the caption~~to Interest expense - amortization of debt discount.

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate is based on income, statutory tax rates, differences in the deductibility of certain expenses and inclusion of certain income items between financial statement and tax return purposes, and tax planning opportunities available to us in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, if we determine that a tax position is more likely than not of being sustained upon audit, based solely on the technical merits of the position, we recognize the benefit. Tax regulations require certain items to be included in the tax return at different times than when those items are required to be recorded in the condensed consolidated financial statements. As a result, our effective tax rate reflected in our condensed consolidated financial statements is different from that reported in our tax returns. Some of these differences are permanent, such as meals and entertainment expenses that are not fully deductible on our tax return, and some are temporary differences, such as depreciation expense. Temporary differences create deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets generally represent items that can be used as a tax deduction or credit in our tax return in future years for which we have already recorded the tax benefit in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Based on ~~financial~~ projections of taxable income, we ~~do not believe~~had previously determined that it is more likely than not that ~~our U.S.~~the deferred tax assets in the United States and South Africa will not be ~~realized,~~realized. We also previously determined that the deferred tax assets related to certain Australian intangible assets more likely than not would not be realized. Accordingly, a valuation allowance was recorded against the net deferred tax assets in the United States and South Africa and a ~~full~~partial valuation allowance iswas recorded ~~against them.~~to Australian deferred tax assets.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 Compared to the Three Months Ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022

The following table presents our results of operations for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended December 31,																		Three Months December 31,
	2022						2021						Change						2023						2022						Change
	$			% of Revenue(1)			$			% of Revenue(1)			$			% Change			$			% of Revenue(1)			$			% of Revenue(1)			$			% Change
Revenue	$	12,937,802			100.0	%	$	12,631,409			100.0	%	$	306,393			2.4	%	$	10,864,809			100.0	%	$	12,937,802			100.0	%	$	(2,072,993	)		(16.0	)%
Cost of revenue		10,188,511			78.7	%		10,971,045			86.9	%		(782,534	)		(7.1	)%		7,575,685			69.7	%		10,188,511			78.7	%		(2,612,826	)		(25.6	)%
Gross profit		2,749,291			21.3	%		1,660,364			13.1	%		1,088,927			65.6	%		3,289,124			30.3	%		2,749,291			21.3	%		539,833			19.6	%
Operating expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses		6,241,461			48.2	%		7,073,320			56.0	%		(831,859	)		(11.8	)%		5,892,922			54.2	%		6,242,212			48.2	%		(349,290	)		(5.6	)%
Research and development expenses		1,503,473			11.6	%		2,110,413			16.7	%		(606,940	)		(28.8	)%		994,648			9.2	%		1,503,473			11.6	%		(508,825	)		(33.8	)%
Depreciation and amortization		1,253,904			9.7	%		1,373,653			10.9	%		(119,749	)		(8.7	)%		1,076,019			9.9	%		1,253,904			9.7	%		(177,885	)		(14.2	)%
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment																				(68,734	)		(0.6	)%		(751	)		(0.0	)%		(67,983	)		9052.3	%
Total operating expenses		8,998,838			69.6	%		10,557,386			83.6	%		(1,558,548	)		(14.8	)%		7,894,855			72.7	%		8,998,838			69.6	%		(1,103,983	)		(12.3	)%
Loss from operations		(6,249,547	)		(48.3	)%		(8,897,022	)		(70.4	)%		2,647,475			(29.8	)%		(4,605,731	)		(42.4	)%		(6,249,547	)		(48.3	)%		1,643,816			(26.3	)%
Other (income) expense
Foreign currency loss		176,624			1.4	%		258,482			2.0	%		(81,858	)		(31.7	)%		244,298			2.2	%		176,624			1.4	%		67,674			38.3	%
Gain on sale of equity investment																				—			—			(32,030	)		(0.2	)%		32,030			(100.0	)%
Gain on disposal of intangible assets		(1,796,252	)		(13.9	)%		—			—			(1,796,252	)	-				—			—			(1,796,252	)		(13.9	)%		1,796,252			(100.0	)%
Change in contingent consideration obligation		—			—			(466,376	)		(3.7	)%		466,376			(100.0	)%
Interest expense - amortization of debt discount		578,112			4.5	%		221,196			1.8	%		356,916			161.4	%		446,017			4.1	%		578,112			4.5	%		(132,095	)		(22.8	)%
Interest expense, net		1,092,327			8.4	%		589,694			4.7	%		502,633			85.2	%		1,337,992			12.3	%		1,092,327			8.4	%		245,665			22.5	%
Gain on sale of equity investment		(32,030	)		(0.2	)%		—			—			(32,030	)	-
Other expense		4,561			0.0	%		23,771			0.2	%		(19,210	)		(80.8	)%
Other (income) expenses																				(59,336	)		(0.5	)%		546			0.0	%		(59,882	)		(10967.4	)%
Loss before income taxes		(6,272,889	)		(48.5	)%		(9,523,789	)		(75.4	)%		3,250,900			(34.1	)%		(6,574,702	)		(60.5	)%		(6,268,874	)		(48.5	)%		(305,828	)		4.9	%
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes		(282,296	)		(2.2	)%		257,776			2.0	%		(540,072	)		(209.5	)%
Benefit from income taxes																				(756,985	)		(7.0	)%		(282,296	)		(2.2	)%		(474,689	)		168.2	%
Loss before equity in net earnings of affiliates																				(5,817,717	)		(53.5	)%		(5,986,578	)		(46.3	)%		168,861			(2.8	)%
Equity in loss of equity method investees, net of tax																				676,329			6.2	%		4,015			0.0	%		672,314			16745.1	%
Net loss	$	(5,990,593	)		(46.3	)%	$	(9,781,565	)		(77.4	)%	$	3,790,972			(38.8	)%	$	(6,494,046	)		(59.8	)%	$	(5,990,593	)		(46.3	)%	$	(503,453	)		8.4	%

(1) Amount in column may not foot due to rounding

The discussion and analysis presented below is concerned with material changes in our results of operations between the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and the three months ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. All comparisons presented are with respect to the ~~prior-year~~

prior year period, unless stated otherwise. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, as filed with the SEC on September ~~28, 2022.~~27, 2023.

Revenue

The ~~year-over-year increase~~$2.1 million quarter-over-quarter decrease in revenue ~~for the second quarter ended December 31, 2022 was primarily~~is due to ~~an increase of $1.9~~a $3.5 million decrease in ~~alfalfa sales to the~~ Middle East and North Africa, or MENA, region sales caused by management's decision to not discount non-dormant alfalfa as cheaper European seed disrupted the market and government incentives to produce wheat in Saudi Arabia reduced demand, a ~~$1.0~~$1.1 million ~~increase~~decrease in ~~North America sorghum sales,~~Australia pasture products and non-dormant alfalfa due to dry planting conditions, and a ~~$0.2~~$0.3 million ~~increase~~decrease in ~~pastures~~Asia sales ~~in Australia.~~due to COVID causing inventory carryover into fiscal 2024 leading to lost sales. This decrease was offset by a ~~decrease~~$2.8 million increase in ~~sales of~~Double Team sorghum ~~to the MENA region of $1.4 million, a $0.7 million decrease in alfalfa sales to North America, and a $0.7 million decrease in North America service~~ revenue.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin

~~Despite an increase in sales, the cost~~Cost of revenue ~~for~~decreased quarter-over-quarter and the ~~second quarter ended December 31, 2022 decreased~~gross margin percentage improved from 21.3% to 30.3% compared to the prior year ~~period, primarily~~period. The margin improvement was driven by a 17.0% increase related to Double Team margins due to increased sales of ~~higher~~our high margin ~~alfalfa~~Double Team traited sorghum and a 1.0% increase in the Australian domestic market due to favorable product mix. This was offset by a 5.0% decrease in margins related to market prices in the MENA region and ~~grain sorghum~~a 4.0% decrease in North America ~~along with decreased sales~~margins outside of Double Team traited sorghum driven by lower margin grain sorghum products in the MENA region and dormant alfalfa in North America. Write-downs of inventory lots that had deteriorated in quality and germination rates were reduced from $0.4 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2022sales to ~~$0.1 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2023.~~Mexico.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

The $0.3 million decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses ~~for the three months ended December 2022 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2021~~ is attributable to a ~~$0.7~~$0.4 million decrease in ~~stock-based~~ compensation ~~expense as~~and benefits and other employee related expenses, a ~~result of the accelerated vesting of equity awards of~~$0.2 million decrease in legal fees, and a ~~former executive officer during the three months ended December 2021,~~$0.1 million decrease related to expenses attributable to services provided to Vision Bioenergy. These cost savings were partially offset by a $0.3 million increase in ~~reduced payroll~~our bad debt allowance related to our international business and ~~related expenses as a result of management’s cost reduction efforts, offset by~~ a $0.1 million increase in ~~consulting~~advertising and ~~professional fees.~~marketing expense.

Research and Development Expenses

The ~~year-over-year~~quarter-over-quarter decrease in research and development expenses ~~for the second quarter ended December 31, 2022~~of $0.5 million is attributable to a $0.3 million ~~reduction~~decrease in ~~field trial~~salaries, wages, and related ~~expenses, a $0.2 million reduction in payroll and related~~employment expenses as a result of ~~management’s~~management's cost reduction efforts and narrowed R&D program focus and a ~~$0.1~~$0.2 million ~~reduction~~decrease in ~~consulting~~Australia field trial and ~~professional fees.~~outside service related expenses.

Depreciation and Amortization

~~The decrease in depreciation~~Depreciation and amortization expenses ~~for the three months ended December 31, 2022 compared~~decreased by $0.2 million following contributions of intangible and fixed assets to the ~~three months ended December 31, 2021~~Trigall and Vision Bioenergy partnerships.

Gain on Disposal of Property, Plant, and Equipment

There was ~~attributable~~a $0.1 million increase in gain recognized on the disposal of property, plant, and equipment related to ~~decreased depreciation expense on~~the disposal of fixed assets held ~~by S&W Australia, our wholly owned Australian subsidiary.~~in the United States and Australia.

Foreign Currency Loss

The ~~decrease~~increase in foreign currency loss ~~for the three months ended December 31, 2022 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2021~~ was attributable to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates between the Australian dollar and U.S. dollar.

Gain on Disposal of Intangible Assets

The $1.8 million gain on disposal of intangible assets occurred in the second quarter of fiscal 2023, ~~was recognized by S&W Australia~~ as a result of the contribution of ~~its~~our Australia-based wheat breeding program and related assets to Trigall Australia in furtherance of the partnership with Trigall ~~Australia, as discussed under the caption “Strategic Review,” above.~~

~~Change in Contingent Consideration Obligation~~

The decrease in benefit to non-cash change in contingent consideration compared to the prior year period is due to the February 2022 final valuation of the contingent consideration obligation from the 2020 acquisition of Pasture Genetics Pty Ltd. The valuation resulted in no contingent consideration due, and a reversal of the remaining $0.5 million accrual.Australia.

Interest Expense - Amortization of Debt Discount

The ~~increased~~decreased debt amortization expense ~~in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 compared to the prior year period was~~is due to the amortization of the financial commitment asset established in conjunction with the granted MFP ~~Loan Agreement beginning~~Warrants in ~~September 2022 (see “Capital Resources~~fiscal 2023 and ~~Requirements—MFP Loan Agreement,” below).~~

decreased amortization of costs associated with the completion of refinancing our CIBC Credit Facility.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 primarily consisted of interest incurred on ~~the~~our working capital credit facilities with CIBC and NAB, the ~~Rooster Note (as defined below),~~MFP Loan, and equipment capital leases. The ~~$0.5~~$0.2 million increase ~~in interest expense for the three months ended December 31, 2022,~~ was primarily driven by increases in average borrowings and increased interest rates on the working capital credit ~~facilities and increased interest rates on both our United States and Australian wholly owned subsidiaries.~~facilities.

~~Gain on Sale of Equity Investment~~Benefit from Income Tax

The ~~gain on sale of equity investment was a result of the sale of the remainder of our investment in Bioceres.~~

~~(Benefit from) Provision for Income Tax Benefit~~

~~Income~~income tax ~~(benefit)~~benefit totaled ($~~0.3)~~0.8) million for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023, compared to a ($0.3) million income tax ~~expense of $0.3 million~~benefit for the three months ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Our effective tax rate was 10.6% during the three months ended December 31, 2023 compared to 4.5% for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022 compared to an effective tax rate of (2.7)% for the three months ended December 31, 2021.~~2022. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 was ~~4.5%~~ due primarily to the valuation allowance recorded against substantially all of our deferred tax ~~assets, and the tax effects of the partnership with Trigall Genetics entered into during the quarter.~~assets. Due to the valuation allowance, we do not record the income tax expense or benefit related to substantially all of our current year operation results, with the exception of our operations in Australia. ~~Our effective tax rate for the current quarter is primarily due to income tax expense~~

Equity in Loss of Equity Method Investees, Net of Tax

The loss on equity investments of $0.7 million was related to our ~~foreign operations~~proportionate share of loss from our 34% interest in Vision Bioenergy and ~~minor state taxes.~~our 20% interest in Trigall Australia.

Six Months ~~ended~~Ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 Compared to the Six Months Ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022

The following table presents our results of operations for the periods indicated:


	Six Months Ended December 31,																		Six Months Ended December 31,
	2022						2021						Change						2023						2022						Change
	$			% of Revenue(1)			$			% of Revenue(1)			$			% Change			$			% of Revenue(1)			$			% of Revenue(1)			$			% Change
Revenue	$	32,803,667			100.0	%	$	28,163,090			100.0	%	$	4,640,577			16.5	%	$	27,297,275			100.0	%	$	32,803,667			100.0	%	$	(5,506,392	)		(16.8	)%
Cost of revenue		25,549,865			77.9	%		23,376,057			83.0	%		2,173,808			9.3	%		18,996,837			69.6	%		25,549,865			77.9	%		(6,553,028	)		(25.6	)%
Gross profit		7,253,802			22.1	%		4,787,033			17.0	%		2,466,769			51.5	%		8,300,438			30.4	%		7,253,802			22.1	%		1,046,636			14.4	%
Operating expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses		11,294,058			34.4	%		12,642,887			44.9	%		(1,348,829	)		(10.7	)%		11,679,502			42.8	%		11,298,469			34.4	%		381,033			3.4	%
Research and development expenses		3,018,853			9.2	%		4,105,541			14.6	%		(1,086,688	)		(26.5	)%		2,081,160			7.6	%		3,018,853			9.2	%		(937,693	)		(31.1	)%
Depreciation and amortization		2,590,338			7.9	%		2,704,698			9.6	%		(114,360	)		(4.2	)%		2,145,042			7.9	%		2,590,338			7.9	%		(445,296	)		(17.2	)%
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment																				(101,690	)		(0.4	)%		(4,411	)		(0.0	)%		(97,279	)		2205.4	%
Total operating expenses		16,903,249			51.5	%		19,453,126			69.1	%		(2,549,877	)		(13.1	)%		15,804,014			57.9	%		16,903,249			51.5	%		(1,099,235	)		(6.5	)%
Loss from operations		(9,649,447	)		(29.4	)%		(14,666,093	)		(52.1	)%		5,016,646			(34.2	)%		(7,503,576	)		(27.5	)%		(9,649,447	)		(29.4	)%		2,145,871			(22.2	)%
Other (income) expense
Foreign currency loss		367,539			1.1	%		421,028			1.5	%		(53,489	)		(12.7	)%		616,486			2.3	%		367,539			1.1	%		248,947			67.7	%
Gain on sale of equity investment																				—			—			(32,030	)		(0.1	)%		32,030			(100.0	)%
Gain on disposal of intangible assets		(1,796,252	)		(5.5	)%		—			—			(1,796,252	)	--				—			—			(1,796,252	)		(5.5	)%		1,796,252			(100.0	)%
Change in contingent consideration obligation		—			—			(528,630	)		(1.9	)%		528,630			(100.0	)%
Interest expense - amortization of debt discount		861,755			2.6	%		413,391			1.5	%		448,364			108.5	%		901,591			3.3	%		861,755			2.6	%		39,836			4.6	%
Interest expense, net		1,879,006			5.7	%		1,142,539			4.1	%		736,467			64.5	%		2,743,759			10.1	%		1,879,006			5.7	%		864,753			46.0	%
Gain on sale of equity investment		(32,030	)		(0.1	)%		—			—			(32,030	)	--
Other income		(39,709	)		(0.1	)%		(10,589	)		(0.0	)%		(29,120	)		275.0	%
Other (income) expenses																				(96,896	)		(0.4	)%		(43,724	)		(0.1	)%		(53,172	)		121.6	%
Loss before income taxes		(10,889,756	)		(33.2	)%		(16,103,832	)		(57.2	)%		5,214,076			(32.4	)%		(11,668,516	)		(42.7	)%		(10,885,741	)		(33.2	)%		(782,775	)		7.2	%
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes		(383,960	)		(1.2	)%		91,974			0.3	%		(475,934	)		(517.5	)%
Benefit from income taxes																				(755,778	)		(2.8	)%		(383,960	)		(1.2	)%		(371,818	)		96.8	%
Loss before equity in net earnings of affiliates																				(10,912,738	)		(40.0	)%		(10,501,781	)		(32.0	)%		(410,957	)		3.9	%
Equity in loss of equity method investees, net of tax																				1,538,225			5.6	%		4,015			0.0	%		1,534,210			38212.0	%
Net loss		(10,505,796	)		(32.0	)%		(16,195,806	)		(57.5	)%		5,690,010			(35.1	)%	$	(12,450,963	)		(45.6	)%	$	(10,505,796	)		(32.0	)%	$	(1,945,167	)		18.5	%

(1) Amount in column may not foot due to rounding

The discussion and analysis presented below is concerned with material changes in our results of operations between the six months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and the six months ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. All comparisons presented are with respect to the ~~prior-year~~prior year period, unless stated otherwise. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, as filed with the SEC on September ~~28, 2022.~~27, 2023.

Revenue

The $5.5 million year-over-year ~~increase~~decrease in revenue ~~for the six months ended December 31, 2022 was primarily~~is due to a $6.4 million decrease in Middle East and North Africa region sales caused by management's decision to not discount non-dormant alfalfa as cheaper European seed disrupted the ~~increase~~market and government incentives to produce wheat in ~~product revenue from~~Saudi Arabia reduced demand, a $2.4 million decrease in Mexico non-dormant alfalfa sales due to ~~the MENA region of $6.6~~wet conditions causing missed plantings, a $1.7 million decrease in Australia sales from sorghum, pasture products, forage cereals and ~~increased alfalfa~~non-dormant sales due to dry planting conditions, and ~~sorghum~~a $1.0 million decrease in Asia sales due to ~~North America of $2.0 million. These revenue increases were partially~~COVID causing inventory carryover into fiscal 2024 leading to lost sales. This decrease was offset by a ~~decrease~~$3.3 million increase in Double Team sorghum revenue, a $1.2 million increase in South Africa sorghum sales from the addition of a new customer, a $0.8 million increase in grain sorghum sales into Mexico due to ~~the MENA region~~increased focus of ~~$1.7 million, a decrease in service revenue~~selling sorghum in the ~~United States of $1.3 million, a decrease in pasture product sales to Australia of $0.5 million, a decrease in sorghum sales to Asia of $0.3 million,~~market, and a ~~decrease~~$0.7 million increase in non-dormant alfalfa sales due to ~~South America of $0.3 million.~~softened demand.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin

Cost of revenue ~~increased~~decreased year-over-year ~~due to increased sales in~~and the ~~six months ended December 31, 2022, but~~ gross margin percentage improved from 22.1% to 30.4% compared to the prior year ~~period, primarily~~period. The margin improvement was driven by a 6.6% increase related to Double Team margins due to increased sales of our high margin Double Team traited sorghum, a 1.7% increase due to higher margin ~~alfalfa seed~~sorghum sales in South Africa, and a 0.7% increase in the ~~MENA region and grain sorghum seed~~Australian domestic market due to favorable product mix. This was offset by a 0.7% decrease in North America ~~as well as decreased sales~~margins driven by higher inventory write-offs of ~~lower margin sorghum products in the MENA region.~~

~~Cost of revenue for the six months ended December 31, 2022~~non-dormant alfalfa year-over-year and ~~2021 included inventory write-downs of $0.7 million and $0.7 million, respectively, related to certain inventory lots that had deteriorated in quality and germination rates.~~product mix.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

The ~~decrease~~$0.4 million increase in selling, general and administrative expenses ~~for the six months ended December 2022 compared to the prior year period~~ is attributable to a ~~$0.7~~$0.6 million increase in our bad debt allowance with $0.2 million attributable to an allowance reversal in the prior year, a $0.4 million increase in payroll and other employee compensation related expenses, a $0.2 million increase in accounting fees attributable to the fiscal 2023 audit and a $0.2 million increase in advertising and marketing. The cost increases were partially offset by a $0.4 million decrease in ~~stock-based~~incentive compensation, ~~expense as~~ a result of the accelerated vesting of equity awards of a former executive officer during the six months ended December 31, 2021, $0.6 million in reduced payroll and related expenses as a result of management’s cost reduction efforts, and $0.2$0.3 million decrease in ~~advertising~~expenses attributable to services provided to Vision Bioenergy and ~~marketing, offset by a $0.1~~$0.4 million ~~increase~~ in ~~consulting and professional fees.~~other cost savings seen across the business during the quarter.

2831

Research and Development Expenses

The year-over-year decrease in research and development expenses ~~for the six months ended December 31, 2022~~of $0.9 million is attributable to a ~~$0.4~~$0.5 million ~~reduction~~decrease in ~~United States field trial related expenses, $0.4 million in reduced~~ salaries, wages, and related employment expenses as a result of ~~management’s~~management's cost reduction efforts~~$0.2~~ and narrowed R&D program focus and a $0.4 million decrease in other R&D expenses including outside services, yield trials, and field expenses as a result of management's cost reduction ~~of investment in our sunflower programs in Hungary~~efforts and ~~$0.1 million reduction in consulting and professional fees.~~narrowed R&D program focus.

Depreciation and Amortization

~~The decrease in depreciation~~Depreciation and amortization expenses ~~for the six months ended December 2022 compared~~decreased by $0.4 million following contributions of intangible and fixed assets to the ~~six months ended 2021~~Trigall and Vision Bioenergy partnerships.

Gain on Disposal of Property, Plant, and Equipment

Foreign Currency Loss

The ~~decrease~~increase in foreign currency loss ~~for the six months ended December 31, 2022 compared to the six months ended December 31, 2021~~ was attributable to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates between the Australian dollar and U.S. dollar.

Gain on Disposal of Intangible Assets

The $1.8 million gain on disposal of intangible assets occurred in the second quarter of fiscal 2023, ~~was recognized by S&W Australia~~ as a result of ~~its~~the contribution of ~~its~~our Australia-based wheat breeding program and related assets to Trigall Australia in furtherance of the partnership with Trigall ~~Australia, as discussed under the caption “Strategic Review,” above.~~

~~Change in Contingent Consideration Obligation~~

~~Interest Expense - Amortization of Debt Discount~~

The increased debt amortization expense in the six months ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year period was due to the amortization of the financial commitment asset established in conjunction with the MFP Loan Agreement beginning in September 2022 (see “~~Capital Resources and Requirements—MFP Loan Agreement,” below).~~Australia.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense for the six months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 primarily consisted of interest incurred on ~~the~~our working capital credit facilities with CIBC and NAB, the ~~Rooster Note (as defined below),~~MFP Loan, and equipment capital leases. The ~~$0.7~~$0.9 million increase ~~in interest expense for the six months ended December 31, 2022~~ was primarily driven by increases in average borrowings and increased interest rates on the working capital credit ~~facilities and increased interest rates on both our United States and Australian wholly owned subsidiaries.~~facilities.

~~Gain on Sale of Equity Investment~~

~~The gain on sale of equity investment was a result of the sale of the remainder of our investment in Bioceres.~~

(Benefit ~~from) Provision for~~from Income Tax ~~Benefit~~

The income tax ~~(benefit)~~benefit totaled ~~$(0.4)~~($0.8) million for the six months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023, compared to a ~~$0.1~~($0.4) million income tax ~~provision~~benefit for the six months ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Our effective tax rate was ~~3.5%~~6.4% during the six months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to ~~-0.6%~~3.5% for the six months ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Our effective tax rate for the six months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 was ~~3.5%~~ due primarily to the valuation allowance recorded against substantially all of our deferred tax ~~assets, and the tax effects of the partnership with Trigall Genetics entered into during the second quarter.~~assets. Due to the valuation allowance, we do not record the income tax expense or benefit related to substantially all of our current year operation results, with the exception of our operations in Australia. ~~Our effective tax rate for the current quarter is primarily due to income tax expense~~

Equity in Loss of Equity Method Investees, Net of Tax

The loss on equity investments of $1.5 million was related to our ~~foreign operations~~proportionate share of loss from our 34% interest in Vision Bioenergy and ~~minor state taxes.~~our 20% interest in Trigall Australia.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our working capital and working capital requirements fluctuate from quarter to quarter depending on the phase of the growing and sales cycle that falls during a particular quarter. Our need for cash has historically been highest in the second and third fiscal quarters (October through March) because we ~~historically have paid~~pay our North American contracted growers progressively, starting in the second fiscal quarter. In fiscal year ~~2022,~~2023, we paid our North American growers approximately 50% of amounts due in the fall of ~~2021~~2022 and the balance was paid in the spring of ~~2022. This~~2023. We expect this payment cycle to our growers ~~was~~to be similar in fiscal year ~~2021, and we expect it to be similar for fiscal year 2023.~~2024. S&W Australia and Pasture Genetics, our Australia-based wholly owned subsidiaries, have production cycles that are

counter-cyclical to North America; however, the timing of payments to Australian growers, which occurs in the second through fourth quarters, also puts a greater demand on our working capital and working capital requirements during these periods.

Historically, due to the concentration of sales to certain distributors, our month-to-month and quarter-to-quarter sales and associated cash receipts are highly dependent upon the timing of deliveries to and payments from these distributors, which varies significantly from year to year.

We continuously monitor and evaluate our credit policies with all of our customers based on historical collection experience, current economic and market conditions and a review of the current status of the respective trade accounts receivable balance. Our principal working capital components include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventory, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and our working capital lines of credit.

In addition to funding our business with cash from operations, we have historically relied upon occasional sales of our debt and equity securities and credit facilities from financial institutions, both in the United States and Australia.

Capital Resources and Material Cash Requirements

We are not profitable and have had negative cash flow from operations for the last several ~~years.~~years, excluding the fiscal 2023 gain recognized in relation to the Vision Bioenergy partnership. To help fund our operations, we have relied on equity and debt financings, and we will need to obtain additional funding to finance our operations in the future. Accordingly, we are actively evaluating financing and strategic alternatives, including debt and equity financings and potential sales of assets or certain lines of business.

We believe that cash flow from operations, cash payments from Trigall and Shell in fiscal 2024 pursuant to ~~the~~their partnership agreements, where we received $1.0 million from Trigall in January 2024 and $6.0 million from Shell ~~Partnership Agreement~~in February 2024, and ~~undrawn~~ availability under our existing debt facilities will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements over the next 12 months. We expect to meet our longer-term expected future cash requirements and obligations beyond the next 12 months through a combination of existing cash and cash equivalents, cash flow from operations, ~~the undrawn availability under~~ our debt facilities and issuances of equity securities or debt offerings, among other sources of capital. Our ability to fund longer-term operating needs will depend on our ability to generate sufficient cash flows through sales of our products, our ability to maintain compliance with, and secure additional funds from, our existing debt facilities, and our ability to access the capital markets, the impacts of adverse geopolitical and macroeconomic events, and other factors, including those discussed under the section titled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, ~~2022,~~2023, as filed with the SEC on September ~~28, 2022.~~27, 2023.

Below is a summary of material changes to our sources of capital during the six months ended December 31, ~~2022:~~

~~Trigall Australia Partnership~~

In connection with our partnership with Trigall Genetics (as discussed under “—Strategic Review”), we received $2.0 million in cash and a promissory note for $1.0 million due in December 2023. Under the partnership agreement we are obligated to make an aggregate of $560,000 of capital contributions to Trigall Australia through June 2025.2023:.

CIBC Loan Agreement

Our Loan and Security Agreement with CIBC Bank USA, or CIBC, as amended to date, or the CIBC Loan Agreement, provides for a ~~$21.0~~$25.0 million credit facility. The following amendments to the CIBC Loan Agreement occurred during the six months ended December 31, ~~2022:~~2023:

•

onOn September 25, 2023, we entered into a First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, or the Loan Amendment, with CIBC Bank USA, or CIBC, which amended the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated March 22, ~~2022,~~2023, or the CIBC Loan Agreement, ~~was amended to,~~by and among us, as borrower, and CIBC, as administrative agent and sole lead arranger. The Loan Amendment, among other ~~things:~~things, (i) ~~specify that the borrowing base eligible inventory sublimit cannot be reduced below the proceeds available to be drawn under the MFP Letter~~waived certain events of ~~Credit (as defined below), (ii) waive our non-compliance with certain financial covenants~~default under the CIBC Loan Agreement, (ii) eliminated the minimum EBITDA and ~~(iii) establish a minimum liquidity of no less than $1.0 million, tested weekly as of the last day of each week~~fixed charge coverage ratio covenants for the ~~remainder~~period ending of June 30, 2024, (iii) increased the ~~term of the CIBC Loan Agreement;~~

•

applicable interest rate margin on October 28, 2022, the CIBC Loan Agreement was amended to, among other things, increase (i) the total revolving loan commitment to $21.0 million from $18.0 million and (ii) the borrowing base eligible inventory sublimit to $12.0 million from $9.0 million; and

•

~~on December 23, 2022, the CIBC Loan Agreement was further amended to extend the maturity date of all revolving loans,~~ advances ~~and other obligations outstanding~~ under the CIBC Loan Agreement by 0.5% per annum (i.e. from ~~December 23, 2022~~2.0% to ~~March 23, 2023. As~~2.5% per annum), and (iv) added a fee of ~~December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with~~$75,000 payable by us to CIBC on the date of the Loan Amendment. Except as modified by the Loan Amendment, all ~~covenants contained in~~terms and conditions of the CIBC Loan Agreement remain in full force and ~~approximately $4.8 million remained available for use under this credit facility.~~effect.

All amounts outstanding under the Amended CIBC Loan Agreement, including, but not limited to, accrued and unpaid principal and interest due under the CIBC Credit Facility, will be due and payable in full on August 31, 2024.

NAB Finance Agreement

On November 17, 2023, S&W ~~Australia’s debt facilities~~Seed Company Australia Pty Ltd, or S&W Australia, a wholly owned subsidiary of S&W Seed Company, entered into an amended and restated finance agreement with National Australia Bank Limited, or NAB, ~~as amended~~pursuant to ~~date, or the NAB Finance Agreement, were amended and restated on October 24, 2022, and further amended on October 25, 2022. Pursuant to the amendments contained in the NAB Finance Agreement,~~which, among other things:

•

the borrowing base line credit limit under S&W Australia’s seasonal credit facility was ~~increased~~decreased from ~~AUD $32.0 million (USD $21.8 million as of December 31, 2022) to~~ AUD $40.0 million (USD $27.2 million as of December 31, ~~2022)~~2023) to AUD $36.0 million (USD $24.5 million as of December 31, 2023), ~~with a one-year~~and the maturity date ~~extension to~~was extended from September 30, ~~2024;~~2024 to March 31, 2025;

•

the overdraft credit limit under S&W Australia’s seasonal credit facility was increased from AUD ~~$1.0 million (USD $0.7 million as of December 31, 2022) to AUD~~ $2.0 million (USD $1.4 million as of December 31, ~~2022)~~2023) to AUD $6.0 million (USD $4.1 million as of December 31, 2023), ~~with a one-year~~and the maturity date ~~extension~~was extended to ~~September 29, 2023;~~March 31, 2024; and

•

the ~~maturity date~~customer margin component of ~~S&W Australia’s master asset finance facility was extended by one year to September 29, 2023.~~

After the amendments, the consolidated debt facilities under the NAB Finance Agreement provide for up to an aggregate of AUD $49.0 (USD $33.3 million as of December 31, 2022) of credit. The NAB finance agreement is guaranteed by S&W Seed Company up to a maximum of AUD $15.0 million (USD $10.2 million as of December 31, 2022).

Following the October 2022 amendments, the NAB Finance Agreement contained an undertaking requiring us to maintain a net related entity position of not more than AUD $25.0 million, and our ability to comply with this undertaking was subject to fluctuations in foreign currency conversion rates outside of our control. Due to recent fluctuations in foreign currency conversion rates, we were not in compliance with this undertaking as of December 31, 2022, and we subsequently obtained a waiver from NAB with respect to such non-compliance as of December 31, 2022. On February 8, 2023, we further amended the NAB Finance Agreement to change the required net related entity position from AUD $25.0 million to USD $18.5 million (see "~~Amendment of NAB Finance Agreement," below). As of December 31, 2022, approximately AUD $4.3 million (USD $2.9 million) remained available for use under the NAB Finance Agreement.~~

~~Rooster Note~~

Our promissory note, dated November 30, 2017, originally issued to Conterra Agricultural Capital, LLC, and subsequently endorsed to Rooster, as amended to date, or the Rooster Note, originally bore interest of 7.75% per annum, and on July 1, 2022, we made the final semi-annual principal and interest payment of $454,185. On September 22, 2022, we entered into an amendment to extend the Rooster Note’s maturity date to December 23, 2022. On December 23, 2022, we entered into an amendment to increase the interest rate ~~on the Rooster Note~~for drawings denominated in a foreign currency was changed from ~~7.75%~~1.65% to ~~9.25%~~3.00% per annum and extend the Rooster Note’s maturity date to March 1, 2023. On February 6, 2023, the Rooster Note was paid off in full by Shell in connection with the Vision Bioenergy partnership (see “—Payoff of Rooster Note”).

annum.

MFP Loan Agreement

On September 22, 2022, our largest stockholder, MFP Partners, L.P., or MFP, provided a letter of credit issued by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. for the account of MFP, with an initial face amount of $9.0 million, or the MFP Letter of Credit, for the benefit of CIBC, as additional collateral to support our obligations under the CIBC Loan Agreement. The MFP Letter of Credit initially matured on January 23, 2023, one month after the maturity date of the existing CIBC Loan Agreement. Concurrently, on September 22, 2022, we entered into a Subordinate Loan and Security Agreement, or the MFP Loan Agreement, with MFP, pursuant to which any draw CIBC may make on the MFP Letter of Credit will be deemed to be a term loan advance made by MFP to us. The MFP Loan Agreement initially provided for up to $9.0 million of term loan advances.

Concurrent with the October 28, 2022 amendment to the CIBC Loan Agreement (as described above), MFP amended the MFP Letter of Credit to increase the face amount from $9.0 million to $12.0 million, and the MFP Loan Agreement was amended to increase the maximum amount of term loan advances available to us from $9.0 million to $12.0 million. In connection with the December 23, 2022 amendment to the CIBC Loan Agreement, MFP amended the MFP Letter of Credit, extending the maturity date from January 23, 2023 to April 30, 2023

~~The MFP Loan Agreement will mature on November 30, 2025. Pursuant~~No amendments have occurred to the MFP Loan Agreement we will pay to MFP a cash fee through the maturity date of the MFP Letter of Credit equal to 3.50% per annum on all amounts remaining undrawn under the MFP Letter of Credit. In the event any term advances are deemed made under the MFP Loan Agreement, such advances will bear interest at a rate per annum equal to term SOFR (with a floor of 1.25%) plus 9.25%, half of which will be payable in cash on the last day of each fiscal quarter and half of which will accrue as payment in kind interest payable on the maturity date, unless, with respect to any quarterly payment date, we elect to pay such interest in cash.

The MFP Loan Agreement includes customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. The MFP Loan Agreement is secured by substantially all of our assets and is subordinated to the CIBC Loan Agreement. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default, MFP may declare all outstanding obligations under the MFP Loan Agreement immediately due and payable and take such other actions as set forth in the MFP Loan Agreement.

~~Below is a summary of material changes to our sources of capital during subsequent to~~for the six months ended December 31, ~~2022:~~

~~Shell Partnership~~

~~On February 6, 2023, S&W and Shell entered into a joint venture for the development and production of sustainable biofuel feedstocks through Vision Bioenergy (see “—Strategic Review” above), and we received $7.0 million at the Shell JV Closing and will be eligible to receive an additional $6.0 million in February 2024.~~

~~Payoff of Rooster Note~~

~~On February 6, 2023, the principal and accrued interest on the Rooster Note was paid off in its entirety in connection with the Vision Bioenergy partnership.~~

~~Amendment of NAB Finance Agreement~~

On February 8, 2023, we further amended the NAB Finance Agreement to change the maximum permissble net related entity position from AUD $25.0 million to USD $18.5 million. We believe that this amendment to the NAB Finance Agreement will provide us with greater control over our compliance with this undertaking.2023.

Summary

The CIBC Loan Agreement and our debt facilities with NAB contain various operating and financial covenants. Adverse geopolitical and macroeconomic events and uncertain market conditions have increased the risk of our inability to comply with these covenants, which could result in acceleration of our repayment obligations and foreclosure on our pledged assets. In addition, these loan agreements contain cross-default provisions, such that certain defaults or breaches under any of our loan agreements may entitle CIBC to invoke default remedies. We were not in compliance with certain covenants in the CIBC Loan Agreement and NAB Finance Agreement as of June 30, ~~2021, December 31, 2021, March 31, 2022, June 15, 2022 and June 30, 2022,~~

2023 and were required to obtain waivers and/or amendments from ~~CIBC. In particular,~~CIBC and NAB for such non-compliance. For the three months ended December 31, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants related to the CIBC Loan Agreement ~~as presently in effect requires us to maintain minimum liquidity of no less than $1.0 million~~ and the NAB Finance ~~Agreement, as amended, includes an undertaking that requires us to maintain a net related entity position of not more than USD $18.5 million. We are actively pursuing refinancing of the CIBC Loan~~ Agreement.

Our future liquidity and capital requirements will be influenced by numerous factors, including:

•

the maturity and repayment of our debt;

•

the extent and sustainability of future operating income;

•

the level and timing of future sales and expenditures;

•

timing for when we are able to recognize revenue;

•

working capital required to support our growth;

•

our ability to timely pay our growers;

•

investment capital for plant and equipment;

•

investment in our sales and marketing programs;

•

investment capital for potential acquisitions;

•

our ability to renew and/or refinance our debt on acceptable terms;

•

our ability to raise equity financing, in order to secure refinancing as well as support our operations, among other things;

•

competition;

•

market developments; and

•

developments related to adverse geopolitical and macroeconomic events, including the COVID-19 pandemic, bank failures, inflation and supply chain disruptions.

We cannot assure you that we will be successful in renewing or refinancing our existing debt, raising additional capital, securing future waivers and/or amendments from CIBC, NAB, or our other lenders, or securing new financing. If we are unsuccessful in doing so, we may need to reduce the scope of our operations, repay amounts owing to our lenders, finance our cash needs through a combination of equity and debt financings, enter into collaborations, strategic alliances and licensing arrangements, sell certain assets or divest certain operations.

If we are required or desire to raise additional capital in the future, whether as a condition to loan refinancing or separately, such additional financing may not be available on favorable terms, or available at all. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, your ownership interest would be diluted and the terms of these securities could include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect your rights as a common stockholder. Debt financing may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends, ~~and~~ may be secured by all or a portion of our assets, and may be on terms less favorable than our existing loans. If we fail to obtain additional capital as and when required, such failure could have a material impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and actions taken to slow its spread, the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the armed conflict in Sudan, the war between Israel and Hamas, and other geopolitical and macroeconomic factors beyond our control, the global credit and financial markets have experienced extreme volatility, including diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth, increases in unemployment rates and uncertainty about economic stability. On March 10, 2023, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation took control and was appointed receiver of Silicon Valley Bank. While we did not have deposits at Silicon Valley Bank, if other banks and financial institutions enter receivership or become insolvent in the future in response to financial conditions affecting the banking system and financial markets, our ability to access our existing cash, cash equivalents and investments may be threatened and could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. It is possible that further deterioration in credit and financial markets and confidence in economic conditions will occur. If equity and credit markets deteriorate, it may affect our ability to raise equity capital, borrow on our existing facilities, access our existing cash, or make any additional necessary debt or equity financing more difficult to obtain, more costly and/or more dilutive. In addition, while we are currently in compliance with our loan agreements or have received waivers of non-compliance, our ability to comply with the terms of our loan agreements ~~has been~~can be compromised in the future and could result in an event of default. If an event of default were to occur, our lenders could accelerate our repayment obligations or enforce their other rights under our agreements with them. Any such default may also require us to seek additional or alternative financing, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

Summary of Cash Flows

The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the six months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:


	Six Months Ended December 31,						Six Months Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities	$	(8,399,653	)	$	(8,065,824	)	$	1,436,824		$	(8,340,411	)
Cash flows from investing activities		2,248,663			(1,206,255	)		(1,004,640	)		2,189,421
Cash flows from financing activities		5,446,944			8,699,613			(2,749,712	)		5,446,944
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		(24,290	)		(233,405	)		33,105			(24,290	)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(728,336	)		(805,871	)		(2,284,423	)		(728,336	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		2,056,508			3,527,937			3,398,793			2,056,508
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	1,328,172		$	2,722,066		$	1,114,370		$	1,328,172

Operating Activities

For the six months ended December 31, 2023, operating activities provided $1.4 million in cash. Of this, the net loss excluding non-cash items as detailed on the statement of cash flows used $6.2 million in cash and changes in operating assets and liabilities as detailed on the statement of cash flows provided $7.6 million in cash. The increase in cash from changes in operating assets and liabilities was primarily driven by a $5.0 million increase in deferred revenue from prepayments for our fiscal 2024 United States domestic business, a $4.3 million decrease in accounts receivable, a $1.4 million increase in accounts payable, and a $0.4 million decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets, offset by a $2.2 million decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and a $1.3 million increase in inventories.

For the six months ended December 31, 2022, operating activities used ~~$8.4~~$8.3 million in cash. Of this, the net loss excluding non-cash items as detailed on the statement of cash flows used $8.0 million in cash and changes in operating assets and liabilities as detailed on the statement of cash flows used ~~$0.4~~$0.3 million in cash. The decrease in cash from changes in operating assets and liabilities was primarily driven by a $5.6 million increase in deferred revenue from prepayments for our fiscal 2023 United States domestic business and decreased inventories of $0.6 million, offset by a $4.0 million increase in accounts receivable, a $1.3 million decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities, a $0.6 million increase in other non-current assets, a $0.4 million decrease in accounts payable, and ~~accruals of $1.6~~a $0.2 million ~~and a $0.7 million increase~~decrease in other non-current ~~assets.~~liabilities.

~~For~~Investing Activities

Investing activities during the six months ended December 31, ~~2021, operating activities~~2023 used ~~$8.1 million in cash. Of this, the net loss excluding non-cash items as detailed on the statement of cash flows used $11.0~~$1.0 million in cash, ~~while changes in operating assets and liabilities as detailed on the statement of cash flows provided $3.0~~which resulted from $1.1 million in ~~cash. The increase~~additions to property, plant and equipment for our United States and Australian facilities and $0.1 million in cash from changes in operating assets and liabilities was primarily driven by an increase in deferred revenue from prepayment on end of season revenue of $5.5 million, a decrease in accounts receivable of $2.5 million, and an increase in accounts payable of $1.1 million, partiallycapital contributions to the Trigall partnership offset by ~~an increase~~$0.2 million in ~~inventory~~proceeds from the disposal of ~~$5.7 million.~~

~~Investing Activities~~property, plant and equipment from our United States and Australia facilities.

Investing activities during the six months ended December 31, 2022 provided $2.2 million in cash, which resulted from $2.0 million in proceeds from the partnership transaction between Trigall Genetics and S&W Australia, $0.4 million in proceeds from the sale of our

remaining shares of Bioceres stock, offset by ~~$0.2~~$0.1 million in additions to property, plant and equipment for our United States and ~~Australian facilities.~~Australia facilities and $0.1 million in capital contributions to the Trigall partnership.

~~Investing~~Financing Activities

Financing activities during the six months ended December 31, ~~2021~~2023 used ~~$1.2~~$2.7 million ofin cash, consisting of ~~additions to property, plant~~$2.8 million in net borrowings and ~~equipment.~~

~~Financing Activities~~repayments on the working capital lines of credit, $0.2 million in net proceeds from sale of common stock, $0.2 million in debt issuance costs, and $0.1 million in repayments of long term debt, offset by $0.6 million from borrowings of long-term debt.

Financing activities during the six months ended December 31, 2022 provided $5.4 million in cash, consisting of $6.6 million in net borrowings on the working capital lines of credit and $0.3 million of borrowings of long-term debt, partially offset by repayments of long-term debt of $1.1 million and debt issuance costs of $0.4 million.

Financing activities during the six months ended December 31, 2021 provided $8.7 million in cash. During the six months ended December 31, 2021, we had net borrowings on the working capital lines of credit and borrowings of long-term debt of $4.8 million, net proceeds from sale of common stock of $4.9 million, partially offset by net repayments of long-term debt of $0.7 million.

Inflation Risk

Inflationary pressures on labor and commodity price increases directly impacted our condensed consolidated results of operations during the six months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023 and we expect this to continue throughout the remainder of fiscal year ~~2023.~~2024. We attempt to manage any inflationary costs through selective price increases and changes in product mix, but rapidly changing inflationary pressures from global commodity prices and logistics could impact our costs of goods before pricing adjustments can be implemented. Delays in implementing such price increases, competitive pressures, and other factors may limit our ability to recover such cost increases in the future. Inherent volatility experienced in certain commodity markets could have a significant effect on our results of operations and may have an adverse effect on us in the future. The extent of any impact will depend on our ability to manage such volatility through the product mix that we sell and selective price increases.

Critical Accounting Estimates

~~This discussion of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon~~In preparing our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, ~~which are prepared~~we must select and apply various accounting policies in accordance with GAAP. ~~The preparation of these financial statements requires us~~In applying our accounting policies, we often need to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that ~~affect~~we believe are reasonable, based upon the ~~reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis,~~information available to us. In making such estimates, we ~~evaluate our estimates, judgments and assumptions. We base our estimates of the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities~~rely on historical experience, market and other conditions, and on ~~various other~~ assumptions that we believe to be reasonable. ~~Our actual~~However, the estimation process is by its nature uncertain given that estimates depend on events over which we may not have control. If market and other conditions change from those that we anticipate, our results of operations, financial condition and changes in financial condition may ~~differ from these~~be materially affected. In addition, if our assumptions change, we may need to revise our estimates, ~~under different assumptions~~ or ~~conditions.~~

~~A critical accounting estimate is one that involves a significant level~~to take other corrective actions, either of ~~estimation uncertainty and has had or is reasonably likely to~~which may also have a material ~~impact~~effect on our results of operations, financial condition or results of operations. Accordingly, we believe that our estimates for revenue recognition, internal-use software, and business combinations are the most critical to fully understand and evaluate our financial condition and results of operations.

~~During the six months ended December 31, 2022, there were no~~ changes in financial condition. Members of our ~~critical accounting estimates. For additional information regarding~~senior management have discussed the development and selection of our critical accounting estimates, ~~see~~and our disclosure regarding them, with the ~~discussion~~audit committee of our board of directors, and do so on a regular basis.

We believe that the following estimates have a higher degree of inherent uncertainty and require our most significant judgments. In addition, had we used estimates different from any of these, our results of operations, financial condition or changes in financial condition for the current period could have been materially different from those presented.

Intangible Assets

All amortizable intangible assets are assessed for impairment whenever events indicate a possible loss. Such an assessment involves estimating undiscounted cash flows over the remaining useful life of the intangible. If the review indicates that undiscounted cash flows are less than the recorded value of the intangible asset, the carrying amount of the intangible is compared to its fair value, with an impairment loss recognized if the estimated fair value is below carrying value. Fair values are typically estimated using discounted cash flow techniques. Significant changes in key assumptions about the business, market conditions and prospects for which the intangible asset is currently utilized or expected to be utilized could result in an impairment charge.

Stock-Based Compensation

We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 718 Stock Compensation, which establishes accounting for equity instruments exchanged for employee services. Under such provisions, stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the calculated fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense, under ~~"Critical Accounting Policies"~~the straight-line method, over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant).

We account for equity instruments, including stock options issued to non-employees, in ~~"Management's Discussion~~accordance with authoritative guidance for equity-based payments to non-employees. Stock options issued to non-employees are accounted for at their estimated fair value. The fair value of options granted to non-employees is re-measured as they vest.

We utilize the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model to estimate the fair value of options granted under share-based compensation plans. The Black-Scholes-Merton model requires us to estimate a variety of factors including, but not limited to, the expected term of the award, stock price volatility, dividend rate, risk-free interest rate. The input factors to use in the valuation model are based on subjective future expectations combined with management judgment. The expected term used represents the weighted-average period that the stock options are expected to be outstanding. We have used the historical volatility for our stock for the expected volatility assumption required in the model, as it is more representative of future stock price trends. We use a risk-free interest rate that is based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury issued with an equivalent remaining term at the time of grant. We have not paid dividends in the past and ~~Analysis~~currently do not plan to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future, and as such, dividend yield is assumed to be zero for the purposes of ~~Financial Condition~~valuing the stock options granted. We evaluate the assumptions used to value stock awards on a quarterly basis. If factors change, and ~~Results~~we employ different assumptions, share-based compensation expense may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the past. When there are any modifications or cancellations of ~~Operations"~~the underlying unvested securities, we may be required to accelerate, increase or cancel any remaining unearned share-based compensation expense. To the extent that we grant additional equity securities to employees, our share-based compensation expense will be increased by the additional unearned compensation resulting from those additional grants.

Income Taxes

We regularly assess the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income. To the extent management believes that it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be realized, a valuation allowance is established. When a valuation allowance is established or increased, an income tax charge is included in the condensed consolidated financial statements and net deferred tax assets are adjusted accordingly. Changes in tax laws, statutory tax rates and estimates of our ~~Annual Report~~future taxable income levels could result in actual realization of the deferred tax assets being materially different from the amounts provided for in the condensed consolidated financial statements. If the actual recovery amount of the deferred tax asset is less than anticipated, we would be required to write-off the remaining deferred tax asset and increase the tax provision, resulting in a reduction of earnings and stockholders’ equity.

Inventories

All inventories are accounted for on ~~Form 10-K~~a lower of cost or net realizable value. Inventories consist of raw materials and finished goods. Depending on market conditions, the actual amount received on sale could differ from our estimated value of inventory. In order to determine the value of inventory at the balance sheet date, we evaluate a number of factors to determine the adequacy of provisions for

inventory and this may require us in some cases to make significant judgments. The factors include the ~~year ended June 30, 2022, as filed with~~age of inventory, the ~~SEC~~amount of inventory held by type, future demand for products and the expected future selling price we expect to realize by selling the inventory. Our estimates are judgmental in nature and are made at a point in time, using available information, expected business plans and expected market conditions. We perform a review of our inventory by product line on ~~September 28, 2022.~~a quarterly basis.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

We regularly assess the collectability of receivables and provide an allowance for doubtful trade receivables equal to the estimated uncollectible amounts. That estimate is based on historical collection experience, current economic and market conditions and a review of the current status of each customer’s trade accounts receivable. Our estimates are judgmental in nature and are made at a point in time. Management believes the allowance for doubtful accounts is appropriate to cover anticipated losses in our accounts receivable under current conditions; however, unexpected, significant deterioration in any of the factors mentioned above or in general economic conditions could materially change these expectations.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We are a smaller reporting company and, therefore, we are not required to provide information typically disclosed under this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and our Principal Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, ~~2022.~~2023. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a‑15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include,

without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) or in other factors that occurred during the period of our evaluation that have significantly affected, or are reasonably likely to significantly affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

3537

Part II

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, we are involved in lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings, including pending opposition proceedings involving patents that arise in the ordinary course of business. There are no matters pending that we expect to have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

We are a smaller reporting company, and, as such, we are not required to provide the information under this Item of Form 10-Q.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

On February 8, 2023, S&W Australia, our wholly owned Australian subsidiary, entered into an amendment to the NAB Finance Agreement to revise the maximum permissible net related entity position from AUD $25.0 million to USD $18.5 million.None.

3638

Item 6. Exhibits.


Exhibit No.		Description

3.1(1)		Registrant's Articles of Incorporation, as amended.

3.2(2)		Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock.

3.3(3)		Registrant's ~~Second~~Third Amended and Restated ~~Bylaws, together with Amendment One thereto.~~Bylaws.

4.1		Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3.

4.2(4)		Form of Common Stock Certificate.

4.3(5)		Form of Warrant issued on February 18, 2022.

4.4(6)		Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued to MFP Partners, L.P. on September 22, 2022.

4.5(7)		Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued to MFP Partners, L.P. on October 28, 2022.

4.6(8)		Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued to MFP Partners, L.P. on December 22, 2022.

~~10.1~~4.7(9)		~~Amendment and Restatement Deed, dated October 18, 2022, by and between National Australia Bank Limited and S&W Seed Company Australia Pty Ltd~~Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued to MFP Partners, L.P. on March 22, 2023..

~~10.2~~10.1		Amendment and Restatement Deed, dated ~~October 21, 2022,~~November 17, 2023, by and between National Australia Bank Limited and S&W Seed Company Australia Pty Ltd.

~~10.3~~10.2+		~~Seventh Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement, dated October 28, 2022, by and among~~ S&W Seed Company ~~Seed Holding, LLC, Stevia California, LLC~~Amended and ~~CIBC Bank USA.~~Restated Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy

~~10.4~~10.3+		~~First Amendment to Subordinate Loan and Security~~Employment Agreement ~~dated October 28, 2022,~~ by and between ~~S&W Seed Company~~the Registrant and ~~MFP Partners, L.P.~~

~~10.5~~		~~Eighth Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement,~~Vanessa Baughman, dated ~~December 23, 2022, by and among S&W Seed Company, Seed Holding, LLC, Stevia California, LLC and CIBC Bank USA.~~

~~10.6~~		~~Second Amendment to Subordinate Loan and Security Agreement, dated December 22, 2022, by and between S&W Seed Company and MFP Partners, L.P.~~

~~10.7~~		~~Third Amendment to Note, dated December 23, 2022, by and between S&W Seed Company and Rooster Capital LLC.~~

~~10.8+~~		~~S&W Seed Company Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy~~February 9, 2024.

31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1*		Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2*		Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document


104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

(1)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on February 11, 2021 (File No. 001-34719).

(2)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 23, 2022 (File No. 001-34719).

(3)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit ~~3.3~~3.1 to the Registrant’s ~~Quarterly~~Current Report on Form ~~10-Q,~~8-K, filed on ~~May 14, 2020~~June 26, 2023 (File No. 001-34719).

(4)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3, filed on August 4, 2017 (File No. 333-219726).

(5)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 23, 2022 (File No. 001-34719).

(6)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 14, 2022 (File No. 001-34719).

(7)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on February 13, 2023 (File No. 001-34719).

(8)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on February 13, 2023 (File No. 001-34719).

(9)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 11, 2023 (File No. 001-34719).

* This certification accompanies the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

+ Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

3840

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	S&W SEED COMPANY

Date: February ~~13, 2023~~14, 2024	By:	/s/ ~~Elizabeth Horton~~Vanessa Baughman
		~~Elizabeth Horton~~Vanessa Baughman
		Chief Financial Officer (On behalf of the registrant in her capacity as Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

3941


	Six Months Ended December 31, 2022			Year Ended June 30, 2022
Risk free rate	2.87% - 4.41%			0.8% - 1.1%
Dividend yield	0			0%
Volatility	64.7% - 66.1%			61.8% - 62.4%
Average forfeiture assumptions		8.7	%	2.8%


Balance at June 30, 2021	$	-
Issuance of preferred stock		4,638,521
Dividends accrued		127,541
Accretion of discount for warrants		38,757
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	4,804,819
Dividends accrued		176,447
Accretion of discount for warrants		51,676
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	5,032,942