Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. ~~152,643,328~~198,064,754 shares as of ~~August 9, 2023.~~February 8, 2024.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may be forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “targets,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “forecasts,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, future hash rate capacity, industry and business trends, equity compensation, business strategy, plans, market growth and our objectives for future operations.

The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are only predictions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to:

The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents that we reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and have filed as exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q with the understanding that our actual future results, performance and achievements may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, whether as a result of any new information, future events or otherwise.

As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless otherwise stated or the context requires otherwise, references to “CleanSpark,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to CleanSpark, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

We encourage investors and others interested in CleanSpark to review the information that we make available on our website at https://www.cleanspark.com/investor-relations, in addition to our filings with the SEC, webcasts, press releases and conference calls. Information contained on our website is not part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

All reports we file with the SEC are available for download free of charge via the Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval (EDGAR) System on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. We also make electronic copies of our reports available for download, free of charge, through our website at https://www.cleanspark.com/investor-relations/ as soon as reasonably practicable after filing such material with the SEC. Information contained on our website is not part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Our consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q are as follows:

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, should be read in conjunction with the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on December ~~15, 2022.~~1, 2023.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements and footnotes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and the SEC instructions to Form 10-Q. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the interim period ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that can be expected for the full year.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE ~~LOSS~~INCOME (LOSS) (Continued)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited, in thousands, except share amounts)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (continued)
(Unaudited, in thousands, except share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, $ in thousands, except per share and per bitcoin and per terahash amounts)

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited interim financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the ~~"SEC"~~“SEC”) and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, filed with the SEC on December ~~15, 2022~~1, 2023 (the “Form 10-K”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of financial position and the results of operations for the interim period presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been reflected herein. The results of operations for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. Notes to the financial statements which would substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the audited financial statements for the most recent fiscal period, as reported in the Form 10-K, have been omitted.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CleanSpark, Inc., and the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries, ATL Data Centers LLC ~~("ATL"~~(“ATL”), CleanBlok, CleanSpark DW, LLC, CleanSpark GLP, LLC, CSRE Properties Norcross, LLC, CSRE Property Management Company, LLC, CSRE Properties, LLC, CSRE Properties Washington, LLC, CSRE Properties Sandersville, LLC, CSRE Properties Dalton, LLC, and CleanSpark HQ, LLC. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation of these entities.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-08, Intangible - Goodwill and Other - Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60) (“ASC 350-60”). ASC 350-60 requires entities with certain crypto assets to subsequently measure such assets at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in net income in each reporting period. Crypto assets that meet all the following criteria are within the scope of the ASC 350-60:

(1)

meet the definition of intangible assets as defined in the Codification

(2)

do not provide the asset holder with enforceable rights to or claims on underlying goods, services, or other assets

(3)

are created or reside on a distributed ledger based on blockchain or similar technology

(4)

are secured through cryptography

(5)

are fungible, and

(6)

are not created or issued by the reporting entity or its related parties. In addition, entities are required to provide additional disclosures about the holdings of certain crypto assets.

F-9

Bitcoin, which is the sole crypto asset mined by the Company, meets each of these criteria. For all entities, the ASC 350-60 amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued (or made available for issuance). If an entity adopts the amendments in an interim period, it must adopt them as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. The Company has elected to early adopt the new guidance effective October 1, 2023 resulting in a $4,183 cumulative-effect change to adjust the Company's bitcoin held on October 1, 2023 with the corresponding entry to beginning accumulated deficit.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Improvements to Disclosures About Reportable Segments, which requires enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, and contain other disclosure requirements. The new guidance is effective for all public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2020-01 on its consolidated financial statements.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as if it had originated the contracts. Under the current business combinations guidance, such assets and liabilities are recognized by the acquirer at fair value on the acquisition date. The Company adopted the provisions of the accounting pronouncement as of October 1, 2023 and the new standard did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements in the first quarter ended December 31, 2023.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments on October 1, 2020 (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 requires entities to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model that reflects expected credit losses, including credit losses related to trade receivables, and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates, which generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. The Company adopted the ASU effective October 1, 2023, and the adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the Company's results of operations or cash flows.

Liquidity

The Company has cash and cash equivalents of $~~21,833~~48,458 and bitcoin (measured at fair value) of $~~13,925~~126,951 as of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023. As shown in the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements, the Company generated a net ~~loss~~income from continuing operations of $~~62,771~~25,909 during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023. The Company ~~continues to generate~~had cash ~~inflows~~outflows from operating activities from continuing operations, which were $~~12,428~~39,626 during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023. The Company has ~~substantial~~ cash outflows from investing activities from continuing operations due to its investments in capital expenditures ~~and acquisitions~~ in support of its bitcoin mining operations ~~and~~partially offset by proceeds of bitcoin sales. The Company has generated significant cash inflows from financing activities from continuing operations, ~~mainly~~primarily attributed to proceeds from equity offerings. The Company generates non-cash consideration in the form of bitcoin, that the Company will sell to generate cash to funds its operations. During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold $43,035 of bitcoin at various times during the quarter and utilized the proceeds to pay expenditures. However, the Company utilized portions of its equity offerings to offset its cash used in operating and investing activities. The Company has sufficient cash ~~flows from operating activities of continuing operations,~~and bitcoin, which should continue to support its ongoing operations for the next twelve months. ~~In addition, the~~The Company ~~has~~intends to continue generating cash from its access to equity financing through its At-the-Market offering facility (see Note ~~9 and Note 15)~~12).

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial

F-10

statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include ~~estimates used to review the Company’s goodwill and bitcoin impairment, intangible assets acquired,~~

~~F-9~~

~~impairments and estimations of long-lived assets, revenue recognition from bitcoin mining,~~ valuation of derivative assets, available-for-sale investments, ~~allowances for uncollectible accounts, valuation of bitcoin, valuation of contingent consideration, warranty,~~ and the valuations of ~~share based~~share-based awards. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions including, but not limited to, the ultimate impact that the ongoing global supply chain issues may have on the Company’s operations.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Revenue from Bitcoin Mining

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). The core principle of the revenue standard is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The following five steps are applied to achieve that core principle:

Identify the contract with the customer

Identify the performance obligations in the contract

Determine the transaction price

Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

Recognize revenue when the Company satisfies a performance obligation

Step 1: The Company enters into a contract with a bitcoin mining pool operator (i.e., the customer) to provide computing power to the mining pools. The contracts are terminable at any time by either party and there are no penalties for contract termination by either party. The Company earns revenue based on the ~~Company’s enforceable right~~Full-Pay-Per-Share (“FPPS”) payout method, set forth by our customer. The calculation has specific components which include network block subsidies, network difficulty, network transaction fees, and pool operating fees. The network block subsidy consists of newly generated coins and comprises the largest share of the block reward. Network difficulty is the difficulty required to ~~compensation only begins when~~mine a block on the ~~Company starts providing computing power to~~Bitcoin network, which is a component in the calculation for payout. Network transaction fees consist of fees paid by the users of the network for the execution of transactions that are included in the block. Pool operating fees are fees charged by the mining pool operator ~~(which occurs daily~~in order to operate the pool. Network block subsidies are based on the total amount of block subsidies that are expected to be generated on the bitcoin network as a whole during the 24-hour period beginning at midnight ~~UTC). In exchange for providing computing power, the Company is entitled to a pro-rata share~~Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) daily, regardless of the fixed bitcoin awards earned over the measurement period, plus a pro-rata fractional share of the global transaction fee rewards for the respective measurement period, less net digital asset fees due towhether the mining pool operator ~~over~~successfully records a block to the ~~measurement period. The Company’s pro-rata share~~blockchain. Network difficulty is based on the ~~proportion of computing power~~actual difficulty to mine a block on the ~~Company contributed to the mining pool operator as compared to the bitcoin network’s algorithmic difficulty. The proportionate share of the~~Bitcoin network. Network transaction ~~fee rewards earned~~fees are based on the ~~Company’s~~total amount of transaction fees and block rewards that are actually generated on the blockchain network as a whole during the 24-hour period. Pool operating fees are determined by a fee rate set forth in the customer’s terms of service as a percentage of the actual daily FPPS payout.

The mining pool that the Company contributes its hash computation computing power ~~as compared to~~only provides services for bitcoin mining and the fees charged during the most recent quarter were 0.19% of the total ~~computing power contributed to the global network.~~daily bitcoin mined. Applying the criteria per ASC 606-10-25-1, the contract arises at the point that the Company provides computing power to the mining pool operator, which is ~~also~~beginning contract ~~inception,~~day at midnight UTC (contract inception), because customer consumption is in tandem with daily earnings of delivery of the computing power.

Step 2: In order to identify the performance obligations in a contract with a customer, a company must assess the promised goods or services in the contract and identify each promised good or service that is distinct. A performance obligation meets ASC 606’s definition of a “distinct” good or service (or bundle of goods or services) if both of the following criteria are met:

•

The customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer (i.e., the good or service is capable of being distinct); and

•

~~the~~the entity’s promise to transfer the good or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract (i.e., the promise to transfer the good or service is distinct within the context of the contract).

F-11

Based on these criteria, the Company has a single performance obligation in providing computing power services (i.e., hashrate) to the mining pool operator (i.e., customer). The performance obligation of computing power services is fulfilled daily over-time, as opposed to a point in time, because the Company provides the hashrate throughout the day and the customer simultaneously obtains control of it and uses the asset to produce bitcoin. The Company has full control of the mining equipment utilized in the mining pool and if the Company determines it will increase or decrease the processing power of its machines and/or fleet (i.e., for repairs or when power costs are excessive) the computing power provided to the customer will be reduced.

~~F-10~~

Step 3: The transaction consideration the Company earns is non-cash digital consideration in the form of bitcoin, which the Company measures at fair value as the closing bitcoin price on the date earned as determined by our principal market and such price is not materially different from using the ~~same~~price at ~~contract~~the inception ~~per Step 1.~~of each daily contract. According to the customer contract, daily earnings are calculated from midnight-to-midnight UTC time, and the sub-account balance is credited one hour later at 1:00 AM UTC time. The Company utilizes Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), which is also the midnight of ~~Universal Time Coordinated (UTC),~~UTC time, since this is consistent with our customer contract in calculating our daily earnings from midnight-to-midnight UTC time.

The transaction consideration the Company earns is all variable since it is dependent on the daily computing power provided by the Company. The Company’s bitcoins earned through the contractual payout formula is not known until the Company’s computational hashrate contributed over the daily measurement period is fulfilled over-time daily between midnight-to-midnight UTC time. The Company’s proportionate amount of the global network transaction fee rewards earned are calculated at the end of each transactional day (midnight to midnight). There are no other forms of variable considerations, such as discounts, rebates, refunds, credits, price concessions, incentives, performance bonuses, penalties, or other similar items.

The Company fully constrains all variable consideration as a result of ASC 606-10-32-12a because the amount of consideration is highly susceptible to factors outside of our control as defined by the Company’s customer’s payout methodology. The variable consideration is constrained until the Company can reasonably estimate the amount of mining rewards by the end of a given transactional day based on the actual amount of computing power provided to the mining pool operators. By then, the Company considers it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of revenues will not occur and includes such variable consideration in the transaction price.

Step 4: The transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation upon verification for the provision of computing power to the mining pool operator. There is a single performance obligation (i.e., computing power or hashrate) for the contract; therefore, all consideration from the mining pool operator is allocated to this single performance obligation.

Step 5: The Company’s performance is complete in transferring the hashrate service over-time (midnight to midnight) to the customer and the customer obtains control of that asset.

In exchange for providing computing power, the Company is entitled to a pro-rata share of the fixed bitcoin awards earned over the measurement period, plus a pro-rata fractional share of the global transaction fee rewards for the respective measurement period, less net digital asset fees due to the mining pool operator over the measurement period, as applicable. The transaction consideration the Company receives is non-cash consideration, in the form of bitcoin. The Company measures the bitcoin at fair value on the date earned using the closing price of bitcoin on the date earned (midnight UTC).

There are no deferred revenues or other liability obligations recorded by the Company since there are no payments in advance of the performance. At the end of the 24 hour “midnight-to-midnight" period, there are no remaining performance obligations.

Revenues from data center services

As of September 30, 2023, data center services are no longer provided to external customers. The Company ~~provides~~formerly provided data services, such as providing its customers with rack space, power and equipment, and cloud services, such as virtual services, virtual storage, and data backup services, generally based on monthly services provided at a defined price included in the contracts. The performance obligations ~~are~~were the services provided to a customer for the month based on the contract. The transaction price iswas the price agreed with the customer for the monthly services provided and the revenues are recognized monthly based on the services rendered for the month.

F-12

~~F-11~~

Cost of Revenues

Bitcoin mining segment (sole reportable segment)

The Company includes energy costs and external co-location mining hosting fees in cost of revenues.

Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash

Cash and cash equivalents include all cash balances and ~~amounts due from banks and restricted cash.~~ highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less. Temporary cash investments are made with high credit quality financial institutions. At times, such investments in U.S. accounts may be in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limit.

The Company ~~did not~~does have ~~any~~ restricted cash of $1,716as of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 ~~or September 30, 2022~~held in a separate bank account in a certificate of deposit as collateral for utility bonds. The utility bonds are reported in prepaid expense and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheet.

Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts receivable is comprised of uncollateralized customer obligations due under normal trade terms. They are initially recorded at the invoiced amount upon the sale of goods or services to customers and do not bear interest. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluation of its customers and management closely monitors outstanding receivables based on factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends, and other information. The carrying amount of accounts receivable is reviewed periodically for collectability. If management determines that collection is unlikely, an allowance that reflects management’s best estimate of the amounts that will not be collected is recorded.

Accounts receivable, net consists of the following:


($ in thousands)	June 30, 2023			September 30, 2022			December 31, 2023			September 30, 2023
Accounts Receivable, gross	$	320		$	247		$	348		$	353
Provision for doubtful allowances		(220	)		(220	)		(348	)		(348	)
Total Accounts Receivable, net	$	100		$	27		$	—		$	5

Inventory

Inventory balances mainly include supplies inventory used to maintain bitcoin mining facilities and are presented at net realizable value with cost being measured on ~~a first-in, first-out basis.~~an average cost method. The Company periodically reviews inventories for unusable and obsolete items. Based on this evaluation, provisions are made to write inventories down to their net realizable value. Inventory was $~~1,037~~732 and $~~216~~809 as of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively.

Prepaid expense and other current assets

The Company records a prepaid expense for costs paid but not yet incurred. Those expected to be incurred within one year are recognized and shown as a short-term pre-paid expense. Any costs expected to be incurred outside of one year would be considered other long-term assets.

Other current assets are assets that consist of supplies, deposits and interest receivable. Deposits and interest we expect to receive within one year are shown as short-term. Those we expect to receive outside of one year are shown as other long-term assets.

~~F-12~~

Concentration Risk

At times throughout the year, the Company may maintain cash balances in certain bank accounts in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ~~("FDIC"~~(“FDIC”) limits. The cash balance in excess of the FDIC limits was $~~21,583~~36,484 and $~~20,213~~28,965 as of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively. The accounts offered by the custodian of the Company’s bitcoin, which accounts totaled $~~13,925~~126,951 and $~~11,147~~56,241 as of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively, are not insured by the FDIC. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

F-13

The Company has certain customers and vendors who individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s revenue or capital expenditures. Please refer to Note 1316 - Major Customers and Vendors.

Stock-based compensation

The Company follows the guidelines in FASB Codification Topic ASC 718-10 Compensation-Stock Compensation, which requires companies to measure the cost of employee and non-employee services received in exchange for an award of an equity instrument based on the grant-date fair value of the award. Stock-based compensation expense for stock options is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The Company may issue compensatory shares for services including, but not limited to, executive, management, accounting, operations, corporate communication, financial and administrative consulting services. The Company determines the grant date fair value of the options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. For equity awards granted by the Company that are contingent upon market-based conditions, the Company fair values these awards using the Monte Carlo simulation model. For discussion of accounting for restricted stock units ~~(RSUs)~~(“RSUs”), please refer Note 1114 – Stock-Based Compensation.

Earnings (loss) per share

The Company reports earnings (loss) per share in accordance with FASB ASC 260-10 “Earnings Per Share,” which provides for calculation of “basic” and “diluted” earnings per share. Basic earnings per share includes no dilution and is computed by dividing net income or loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution of securities that could share in the earnings of an entity. The calculation of diluted net loss per share gives effect to common stock equivalents; however, potential common shares are excluded if their effect is anti-dilutive. ~~As of June 30, 2023, all~~All common stock equivalents that consist of options, warrants and restricted stock units were excluded from the calculation of the diluted loss per share

~~F-13~~F-14

~~(loss) per share~~ calculation for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2023~~December 31, 2022 as their effect is anti-dilutive. Provided below is the income (loss) per share calculation for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and 2022:


	For the Three Months Ended June 30,						For the Nine Months Ended June 30,						For the Three Months Ended December 31,
($ in thousands, except share and per share)	2023			2022			2023			2022			2023		2022
Continuing Operations
Numerator
(Loss) income from continuing operations	$	(14,117	)	$	(16,611	)	$	(62,771	)	$	1,065
Income (loss) from continuing operations													$	25,909	$	(30,488	)
Preferred stock dividends		—			—			—			335			579		—
(Loss) income from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders	$	(14,117	)	$	(16,611	)	$	(62,771	)	$	730
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders													$	25,330	$	(30,488	)

Denominator
Weighted- average common shares outstanding, basic		114,844,402			41,277,090			87,248,719			41,010,826			178,809,264		66,395,174
Dilutive impact of stock options and other share-based awards		—			—			2,289			81,202			1,974,271		—
Dilutive impact of contingent shares issued for business acquisition		—			—			387,126			—			—		—
Weighted- average common shares outstanding, diluted		114,844,402			41,277,090			87,638,134			41,092,028			180,783,535		66,395,174
(Loss) income from continuing operations per common share attributable to common shareholders
Income (loss) from continuing operations per common share attributable to common shareholders
Basic	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.40	)	$	(0.72	)	$	0.02		$	0.14	$	(0.46	)
Diluted	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.40	)	$	(0.72	)	$	0.02		$	0.14	$	(0.46	)

Discontinued Operations
Numerator
Income (loss) on discontinued operations	$	(102	)	$	(12,729	)	$	1,061		$	(16,090	)
Income from discontinued operations													$	—	$	1,457
Denominator
Weighted- average common shares outstanding, basic		114,844,402			41,277,090			87,248,719			41,010,826			178,809,264		66,395,174
Dilutive impact of stock options and other share-based awards		—			—			2,289			81,202			1,974,271		1,005,160
Dilutive impact of contingent shares issued for business acquisition		—			—			387,126			—			—		—
Weighted- average common shares outstanding, diluted		114,844,402			41,277,090			87,638,134			41,092,028			180,783,535		67,400,334
Income (loss) on discontinued operations per common share attributable to common shareholders
Income on discontinued operations per common share attributable to common shareholders
Basic	$	(0.00	)	$	(0.31	)	$	0.01		$	(0.39	)	$	-	$	0.02
Diluted	$	(0.00	)	$	(0.31	)	$	0.01		$	(0.39	)	$	-	$	0.02

~~F-14~~F-15

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. ~~Construction in progress~~Construction-in-progress is the construction or development of assets that have not yet been placed in service for their intended use. Depreciation for machinery and equipment, mining equipment, buildings, furniture and fixtures and leasehold improvements commences once they are ready for their intended use. Leasehold improvements are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the terms of the related leases. Land is not depreciated.

Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset as follows:


		Useful life (years)
Land improvements		5 - 15
Building and building improvements		Shorter of lease term or 30 years
Leasehold improvements		Shorter of lease term or 15 years
Miners		3-5
Mining equipment		3-15
Infrastructure asset		Shorter of lease term or 515 years
Machinery and equipment		13-10
Furniture and fixtures		31-7 5

In accordance with the FASB ASC 360-10, Property, Plant and Equipment, the carrying value of property and equipment and other long-lived assets is reviewed on a regular basis for the existence of facts or circumstances that may suggest impairment. The Company recognizes impairment when the sum of the expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. Impairment losses, if any, are measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its estimated fair value. During the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not record an impairment expense on property and equipment.

Bitcoin

Bitcoin are included in current assets in the consolidated balance sheets due to the Company’s ability to sell bitcoin in a highly liquid marketplace and such bitcoin holdings are expected to be realized in cash or sold or consumed during the normal operating cycle of the Company.

As a result of adopting ASC 350-60 on October 1, 2023, bitcoin is measured at fair value as of each reporting period (see Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements). The fair value of bitcoin is measured using the period-end closing bitcoin price from its ~~intent~~principal market, Coinbase, in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. Since bitcoin is traded on a 24-hour period, the Company utilizes the price as of midnight UTC time, which aligns with the Company's revenue recognition cut-off. The increase and decrease in fair value from each reporting period is reflected on the consolidated statements of operation as "Gain on fair value of bitcoin, net". The Company sells bitcoin and such gains and losses from such transactions are measured as the difference between the cash proceeds and the carrying basis of bitcoin as determined on a First In-First Out ("FIFO") basis and are also recorded within the same line item "Gain on fair value of bitcoin, net".

Prior to ~~liquidate its~~issuance of the ASU 2023-08 and adoption of ASC 350-60, bitcoin ~~to support operations when needed. Bitcoin are~~were recorded at cost less ~~impairment. They are~~impairment and were classified as indefinite-lived intangible assets in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles — Goodwill and ~~Other, and are~~Other. Bitcoin was accounted for in connection with the Company’s revenue recognition policy detailed ~~above and in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.~~above. An intangible asset with an indefinite useful life iswas not amortized but iswas assessed for impairment annually, or more frequently, when events or changes in circumstances ~~occur~~occurred indicating that it iswas more likely than not that the indefinite-lived asset iswas impaired. Impairment exists when the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. In testing for impairment for periods under prior accounting guidance, the Company ~~has~~had the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it iswas more likely than not that an impairment exists. If it iswas determined that it iswas not more likely than not that an impairment exists, a quantitative impairment test iswas not necessary. If the Company ~~concludes~~concluded otherwise, it iswas required to perform a quantitative impairment test. The Company ~~has~~ elected to perform the quantitative impairment test each period rather than first performing the qualitative assessment. Quantitative impairment iswas measured using the ~~quoted~~intraday low bitcoin price ~~of the bitcoin at the time its fair value is being measured~~from Coinbase in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. ~~Quoted prices are obtained from the principal market.~~ To the extent an impairment loss is recognized, the loss establishes the new cost basis of the asset. Subsequent reversal of impairment losses iswas not permitted as per ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other.

F-16

Bitcoin, which is non-cash consideration earned by the Company through its mining activities, are included as a reconciling item as a cash outflow within operating activities on the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows. The cash proceeds from the sales of bitcoin are ~~also included within~~classified based on the holding period in which the bitcoin are held. ASC 350-60 provides guidance on classifying proceeds from bitcoin and concludes that bitcoin converted nearly immediately into cash would qualify as cash flows from operating ~~activities in~~activities. All other sales would qualify as investing activities. In prior fiscal periods, the ~~accompanying consolidated statements~~Company did not hold its bitcoin for extended periods of time and such sales proceeds prior to the adoption of ASC 350-60, were reported as cash flows from operating activities. Upon adoption, the Company evaluates its sales of bitcoin and will record bitcoin sold nearly immediately as operating cash flows and ~~any realized gains or losses~~the remainder will be recorded as investing activities. During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, all proceeds from ~~such~~bitcoin sales are included in total costs and expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The Company accounts for its gains or losses in accordance with the first in first out (“FIFO”) method of accounting.

~~F-15~~

~~The following table presents the activities of the bitcoin for the nine months ended June 30, 2023:~~

($ in thousands)

Amount

Balance as on September 30, 2022

$
11,147

Addition of bitcoin

115,661

Carrying amount of bitcoin sold

(111,127
)
Bitcoin issued for services

(510
)
Bitcoin issued for software

(229
)
Impairment loss

(1,017
)
Balance as on June 30, 2023

$
13,925

~~The Company's bitcoin holdings are not subject to rehypothecation and do not serve~~were classified as ~~collateral for any existing loans or agreements.~~investing activities.

Fair Value Measurement of financial instruments, derivative asset and contingent consideration

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The Company utilizes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of input, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable.

Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. These are typically obtained from real-time quotes for transactions in active exchange markets involving identical assets.

Level 2 Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices included for identical or similar assets and liabilities that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets. These are typically obtained from readily available pricing sources for comparable instruments.

Level 3 Unobservable inputs, where there is little or no market activity for the asset or liability. These inputs reflect the reporting entity’s own beliefs about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, based on the best information available under the circumstances.

The carrying value of cash, accounts payable, accrued expenses and short-term portion of loan payable approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of the instruments. The carrying amount of the Company's long-term portion of loan payable is also stated at fair value since the stated rate of interest approximates market rates. Management believes the Company is not exposed to significant interest or credit risks arising from these financial instruments.

The following table presents the Company’s financial instruments that are measured and recorded at fair value on the Company’s balance sheets on a recurring basis, and their level within the fair value hierarchy as of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and September 30, ~~2022:~~2023:


June 30, 2023
December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Bitcoin									$	126,951	$	126,951	$	—	$	—
Derivative investment asset	$	1,846	$	—	$	—	$	1,846		1,454		—		—		1,454
Investment in debt security		696		—		—		696		755		—		—		755
Total	$	2,542	$	—	$	—	$	2,542	$	129,160	$	126,951	$	—	$	2,209


September 30, 2022
September 30, 2023
($ in thousands)	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Derivative investment asset	$	2,956	$	—	$	—	$	2,956	$	2,697	$	—	$	—	$	2,697
Investment in debt security		610		—		—		610		726		—		—		726
Total	$	3,566	$	—	$	—	$	3,566	$	3,423	$	—	$	—	$	3,423

There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023.

~~F-16~~F-17

The activities of the financial instruments that are measured and recorded at fair value on the Company's balance sheets on a recurring basis during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 are described in Note 56 - Investments. ~~The activity during the nine months ended June 30, 2023 relating to the contingent consideration is described in Note 3 - Acquisitions.~~

~~Income taxes~~

The Company’s calculation of its tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations in various taxing jurisdictions. The Company recognizes tax liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on management’s estimate of whether it is more likely than not that additional taxes will be required. The Company had no ~~uncertain tax positions as of June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022.~~

Deferred income taxes are recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates. Temporary differences arise from net operating losses, differences in depreciation methods of archived images, property and equipment, stock-based and other compensation, and other accrued expenses. A valuation allowance is established when it is determined that it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The application of tax laws and regulations is subject to legal and factual interpretation, judgment and uncertainty. Tax laws and regulations themselves are subject to change as a result of changes in fiscal policy, changes in legislation, the evolution of regulations and court rulings. Therefore, the actual liability for U.S. federal taxes, or the various state jurisdictions, may be materially different from management's estimates, which could result in the need to record additional tax liabilities or potentially reverse previously recorded tax liabilities. Interest and penalties are included in tax expense.

The Company includes interest and penalties arising from the underpayment of income taxes in the statements of operations in the provision for income taxes. As of June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, the Company had no ~~accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.~~

~~Income tax expense (benefit) from operations for the nine months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $~~0 ~~in each period, which resulted primarily from maintaining a full valuation allowance against the Company's deferred tax assets.~~

~~Segment Reporting~~

The Company determines its operating segments based on how the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") views and evaluates operations, performance and allocates resources. Since June 30, 2022, the Company's only operating segment is the bitcoin mining business.

Discontinued Operations

~~As of June 30, 2022, the~~The Company deemed its energy operations to be discontinued operations due to its strategic decision to strictly focus on its bitcoin mining operations and divest of the majority of its energy assets.

Through its discontinued operations segment, the Company previously provided energy solutions through its wholly-owned subsidiaries CleanSpark, LLC, CleanSpark Critical Power Systems, Inc., GridFabric, LLC, and Solar Watt Solutions, Inc. These solutions consisted of engineering, design and software solutions, custom hardware solutions, Open Automated Demand response, solar, energy storage for microgrid and distributed energy systems. The Company has ~~since~~ sold the majority of its assets related to the Energy Segment, which included software and intellectual property, and inventory. See Note 4 – Discontinued Operations.

The Company deems it appropriate to classify a business as a discontinued operation if the related disposal group meets all the following criteria: 1) the disposal group is a component of the Company; 2) the component meets the held-for-sale criteria; and 3) the disposal of the component represents a strategic shift that has a major effect on the Company's operations and financial results. Since June 30, 2022, the Company deemed its energy operations to be

~~F-17~~

~~discontinued operation due to its strategic shift to strictly focus on its bitcoin mining operations and divest of its energy assets.~~

~~Reclassifications~~

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. In June 2022, the Company made a strategic shift to focus on the bitcoin mining business and divest of its energy businesses and assets. As a result, assets and liabilities related to the energy segment have been classified as held for sale for all periods presented. Additionally, amounts previously presented as part of continuing operations have been reclassified into discontinued operations for all periods presented.

~~Recently issued accounting pronouncements~~

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as if it had originated the contracts. Under the current business combinations guidance, such assets and liabilities are recognized by the acquirer at fair value on the acquisition date. This new guidance is effective for the Company for its fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. ~~The Company is evaluating the new standard's potential impact but does not expect it to have a material impact on the Company's results of operations or cash flows.~~

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments on October 1, 2020 (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 requires entities to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model that reflects expected credit losses, including credit losses related to trade receivables, and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates, which generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. As the Company was a Smaller Reporting Company at the time of issuance of the ASU, the Company expects to adopt the ASU effective October 1, 2023, including the interim periods within the fiscal year. Early application of the adoption is permitted. ~~The Company is evaluating the new standard's potential impact but does not expect it to have a material impact on the Company's results of operations or cash flows.~~

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (subtopic 815-40), which reduces the number of accounting models in ASC 470-20 that require separate accounting for embedded conversion features. As a result, a convertible debt instrument will be accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost as long as no other features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. By removing those separation models, the effective interest rate of convertible debt instruments will be closer to the coupon interest rate. Further, the diluted net income per share calculation for convertible instruments will require the Company to use the if-converted method. The treasury stock method should no longer be used to calculate diluted net income per share for convertible instruments. The amendment is effective for the Company for this fiscal year, including interim periods. The adoption of ASU 2020-06 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements or disclosures.

~~INTANGIBLE ASSETS~~

~~Intangible assets consist of the following as of June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022:~~

June 30, 2023

September 30, 2022

($ in thousands)

Intangible assets

Accumulated amortization

Net intangible assets

Intangible assets

Accumulated amortization

Net intangible assets

Software

$
440

$
(68
)

$
372

$
210

$
—

$
210

Websites

15

(7
)

8

23

(11
)

12

Strategic Contract

9,800

(5,064
)

4,736

9,800

(3,537
)

6,263

Total

$
10,255

$
(5,139
)

$
5,116

$
10,033

$
(3,548
)

$
6,485

~~Amortization expense for the nine months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $~~7. ~~1,599~~ ~~and $1,475, respectively.~~

~~The Company expects to record amortization expense of intangible assets over the next 5 years and thereafter as follows:~~

Fiscal Year

($ in thousands)

June 30, 2023

Remainder of FY 2023

$
513

2024

2,053

2025

2,050

2026

415

2027

78

Thereafter

7

Total

$
5,116

~~F-24~~

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment consist of the following:


($ in thousands)	June 30, 2023			September 30, 2022			December 31, 2023			September 30, 2023
Land	$	4,144		$	2,978		$	4,144		$	4,144
Land improvements		1,564			1,530			1,695			1,564
Building and improvements		52,198			32,332			57,705			52,198
Leasehold improvements		672			114			672			672
Miners		450,092			356,501			634,115			527,868
Mining equipment		18,693			17,587			18,753			18,706
Infrastructure		26,787			12,422			45,954			45,612
Machinery and equipment		1,963			1,269			2,190			1,907
Furniture and fixtures		377			331			766			386
Construction in progress		39,960			4,816			64,758			81,875
Total	$	596,450		$	429,880		$	830,752		$	734,932
Less: accumulated depreciation		(114,022	)		(53,099	)		(193,271	)		(170,537	)
Property and equipment, net	$	482,428		$	376,781		$	637,481		$	564,395

Depreciation expense for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $~~60,926~~29,333 and $~~31,185~~18,827, respectively. There were no disposals during either the three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 ~~and~~or 2022. For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, the Company disposed of $57,784 of ~~miscellaneous furniture~~miners with a net book value of $1,185 for $508 and recognized a $3677 loss on disposal. ~~For the nine months ended June 30, 2022, $4,390~~ ~~of property and equipment was disposed of for a gain of $643, which included $411~~ ~~of property and equipment that was written-off resulting in a loss of $278~~.

The Company placed-in service property and equipment of $~~122,042~~120,721 during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, which includes $~~31,193~~240 in ~~property~~machinery and equipment acquired in the ~~Mawson Transaction.~~financing transactions. This increase in fixed assets primarily consisted of miners ~~and mining equipment~~ of $~~94,698~~114,030~~, which includes $12,914~~ ~~acquired in the Mawson Transaction.~~.

On April 7, 2023, CleanSpark HQ, LLC (“HQLLC”), a single member limited liability company and subsidiary wholly owned by the Company, purchased certain real property located at 10424 South Eastern Ave., Suite 200, Henderson, Nevada (the "Eastern Property") for $4,100. The property consists of approximately 15,000 square feet of office space. The Company ~~intends to utilize~~utilizes this office space as its new corporate headquarters. The real property is recorded in ~~construction in progress as of June 30, 2023 as there are~~building and building improvements ~~occurring for which the completion is expected to occur~~and was placed in service in the first quarter of fiscal 2024.

~~On May 1, 2023, the Company entered into a Purchase and Sale agreement with the Development Authority of Washington County to purchase~~ ~~16.35~~ ~~acres of land that was previously leased by the Company and additional~~ 10 ~~acres of parcels in Sandersville, GA ("Sandersville Land") for a purchase price of $1,300~~ ~~(the agreement was subsequently amended in June 2023 to increase the purchase price to $1,400~~). The leased land had been subject to an operating lease which was acquired by the Company under the Mawson Transaction. In accordance with ASC 842-Leases, the Company reassessed the lease classification as a financing lease and recorded land at the present value of the lease term (net of the carrying amount of the operating lease at time of conversion) and the land was recorded at $~~1,167. The land was also reclassified from finance lease right of use asset to land upon final payment being made on June 30, 2023.~~

Construction in progress: The Company is expanding its facilities in the State of Georgia, including infrastructure, building, and land improvements to expand its mining operations.

F-21

As of ~~June~~December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, the Company has outstanding deposits for miners and mining equipment totaling $~~98,594~~25,048 ~~for mining equipment included in~~and $75,959, respectively. Such deposits are as long-term assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

~~F-25~~8. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets consist of the following as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023:


	December 31, 2023							September 30, 2023
($ in thousands)	Intangible assets		Accumulated amortization			Net intangible assets		Intangible assets		Accumulated amortization			Net intangible assets
Software	$	440	$	(113	)	$	327	$	440	$	(90	)	$	350
Websites		15		(10	)		5		15		(8	)		7
Strategic Contract		9,800		(6,043	)		3,757		9,800		(5,554	)		4,246
Total	$	10,255	$	(6,166	)	$	4,089	$	10,255	$	(5,652	)	$	4,603

Amortization expense for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $514 and $502, respectively.

The Company expects to record amortization expense of intangible assets over the next 5 years and thereafter as follows:


Fiscal Year
($ in thousands)	December 31, 2023
2024		1,539
2025		2,050
2026		415
2027		78
2028		7
Total	$	4,089

8.9.

LEASES

On October 1, 2019, the Company adopted the amendments to ASC 842-Leases, which requires lessees to recognize lease assets and liabilities arising from operating leases on the balance sheet. The Company adopted the new lease guidance using the modified retrospective approach and elected the transition option issued under ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842) Targeted Improvements, allowing entities to continue to apply the legacy guidance in ASC 840, Leases, to prior periods, including disclosure requirements.

The Company has operating leases which are for land and office space and finance leases which are primarily related to equipment used at its data center. In connection with the Mawson Transaction (see Note 3), the Company assumed a land lease in Sandersville, GA, (see Note 7) with the original term expiring in ~~July 2023, but including~~ ~~eight~~ ~~separate~~ ~~three-year~~ ~~lease extension options. The operating lease liability recorded in connection with the acquisition assumes a full lease term of approximately~~ ~~25 years~~ ~~with a discount rate of~~ 6~~%. The assumed land lease included approximately $~~75 ~~in quarterly lease payments with a~~ 4~~% increase in scheduled lease payments effective each successive lease option is exercised.~~

~~In connection with the acquisition of the Sandersville Land (see Note 7), the Company reassessed the operating lease on May 1, 2023 as a finance lease.~~ ~~Such new finance lease was for a period between May 1, 2023 and June 30, 2023.~~ ~~On June 30, 2023, the agreement was finalized and the purchase price was paid, accordingly, there is~~ no ~~lease obligation outstanding for the Sandersville Land.~~

The Company's lease costs recognized during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and 2022 in the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss consist of the following:


	For the three months ended				For the nine months ended				For the three months ended
($ in thousands)	June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating lease cost (1)	$	62	$	194	$	221	$	250	$	46	$	113
Finance lease cost:
Depreciation expense of financed assets	$	37	$	94	$	156	$	284	$	41	$	80
Interest on lease obligations	$	20	$	9	$	30	$	30	$	2	$	6

(1) Included in general and administrative expenses

Other lease information is as follows:

For the nine months ended

($ in thousands)

June 30,
2023

June 30,
2022

Cash paid for amounts included in
measurement of lease obligations:

Operating cash outflows from operating leases

$
240

$
237

Operating cash outflows from finance leases

$
30

$
237

Financing cash outflows from finance leases

$
249

$
448

June 30,
2023

September 30,
2022

Weighted-average remaining lease term -
operating leases

4.0 years

3.2 years

Weighted-average remaining lease term -
finance leases

2.1 years

1.5 years

Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases

5.40
%

4.50
%
Weighted-average discount rate - finance leases

5.50
%

5.50
%


	For the three months ended
($ in thousands)	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease obligations:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	60	$	34
Operating cash outflows from finance leases	$	2	$	6
Financing cash outflows from finance leases	$	43	$	93

~~F-26~~F-22


	December 31, 2023			September 30, 2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases	3.5 years			3.8 years
Weighted-average remaining lease term - finance leases	0.7 years			0.9 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases		5.40	%		5.40	%
Weighted-average discount rate - finance leases		5.50	%		5.50	%

The following is a schedule of the Company's lease liabilities by contractual maturity as of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023:


($ in thousands) Fiscal Year	Operating Leases			Finance Leases			Operating Leases			Finance Leases
Remainder of Fiscal 2023	$	67		$	54
2024		214			134		$	154		$	89
2025		201			9			201			9
2026		204			—			204			—
2027		106			—			106			—
Thereafter		32			—
2028								41			—
Gross lease liabilities		824			197			706			98
Less: imputed interest		(72	)		(6	)		(56	)		(2	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	752		$	191		$	650		$	96
Less: Current portion of lease liabilities		(194	)		(168	)		(176	)		(96	)
Total lease liabilities, net of current portion	$	558		$	23		$	474		$	—

10. LOANS

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had a gross balance outstanding of $14,617, netted against discount on the loans payable of $150. Total principal payments on loans during the three months ended December 31, 2023 was $1,701.

9.The following is a schedule of the Company's and loan balance, net of debt discount and future loan payments, as of December 31, 2023:


			December 31, 2023			September 30, 2023
($ in thousands)	Maturity Date	Rate	Debt Balance, Net			Debt Balance, Net
Master Equipment Financing Arrangement	Apr-25	13.80%	$	10,076		$	11,603
Mortgage - Corporate Facility	Apr-25	10.00%		1,957			1,950
Marquee Funding Partners	Jul-26 - Feb-27	13.00%		1,616			1,725
Auto & Equipment Loans	Sep 24 - Dec -29	0.0-11.3%		819			625
Total Loans Outstanding			$	14,468		$	15,903
Less: current portion of long-term loans				(7,421	)		(6,992	)
Long-term loans, excluding current portion			$	7,047		$	8,911

F-23


($ in thousands)	5-Year Loan Maturities
Outstanding Loan	FY 2024		FY 2025		FY 2026		FY 2027		FY 2028		Thereafter		Total
Master Equipment Financing Arrangement	$	4,962	$	5,221	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	10,183
Mortgage - Corporate Facility		—		2,000		—		—		—		—		2,000
Marquee Funding Partners		349		521		592		154						1,616
Auto & Equipment Loans		154		215		206		115		92		36		818
Total principal amount of loan payments by fiscal year	$	5,465	$	7,957	$	798	$	269	$	92	$	36	$	14,617
Unamortized deferred financing costs and discounts														(150	)
Total loan book value as of December 31, 2023													$	14,467

Mortgage - Corporate Office

On May 10, 2023, HQLLC completed a refinancing transaction whereby it borrowed a net $1,937 against the equity of the real property purchased in April 2023 that is currently utilized as the Company's Corporate Office (see Note 7). The loan agreement has a two year term, 10% interest rate and monthly interest only payments until maturity.

Master Equipment Financing Agreement

On April 22, 2022, the Company entered into a Master Equipment Financing Agreement with Trinity Capital Inc. (the "Lender"). The Master Equipment Financing Agreement provided for up to $35,000 of borrowings to finance the Company’s acquisition of blockchain computing equipment. The Company received a loan of $20,000 at closing, with the remaining $15,000 fundable upon the Company's request, if requested no later than December 31, 2022, subject to certain customary conditions. The Company did not request the funding and agreed with the Lender that the related 1% loan commitment fee for the unused portion would be refunded to the Company, which was received in December 2022. The borrowings under the Master Equipment Financing Agreement are collateralized by 3,336 S19j Pro miners, which are located at our College Park, GA and Norcross, GA sites.

Marquee Funding Partners

In connection with the WAHA Transaction, certain assets were encumbered with mortgages which the Company assumed. The mortgages assumed have a current unpaid principal balance of $1,616 and remaining payment terms ranging from 32-39 months and annual interest of 13%.

Auto Loans

The Company has entered into various financing arrangements to purchase vehicles and non-miner equipment with combined principal outstanding at December 31, 2023 of $819. The loans vary in terms from 12-72 months with annual interest rates ranging from 0.00% - 11.30%. The loans are secured with the purchased vehicles and equipment. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company entered into six separate agreements for the purchase of machinery, autos and equipment with a combined principal of $240, with terms ranging from 12-72 months and interest rates ranging from 0%-11.3%.

11. INCOME TAXES

The Company calculates the tax provision for interim periods using an estimated annual effective tax rate applied to year-to-date ordinary income and adjusts for discrete items, if applicable, in the quarter. In each quarter, the estimate of the annual effective tax rate is updated and an adjustment is made in the year-to-date provision. The annual effective tax rate is subject to fluctuation due to factors including changing assumptions on forecasted annual pretax income, certain book and tax differences, valuation allowances against deferred tax assets, or changes in or interpretation of tax laws. We consider new evidence (both positive and negative) at each reporting date that could affect our view of the future realization of deferred tax assets. We evaluate information such as historical financial results, historical

F-24

taxable income, projected future taxable income, expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences and available prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in our analysis.

The Company's income tax expense (including discrete items) was $1,399 and nil for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company's estimated annual effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to maintaining a valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets.

12. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

~~The Company issued~~13. ~~1,100,890~~ ~~shares of common stock valued at $2,840~~ ~~in settlement of the contingent purchase price in connection with the Mawson Transaction.~~

~~The Company had~~ ~~83,417~~ ~~shares of common stock returned in connection with the ATL acquisition due to nonsatisfaction of certain milestones.~~

~~The Company issued~~ ~~105,520~~ ~~shares of common stock in relation to the exercise of options.~~

~~The Company issued~~ ~~8,404~~ ~~shares of common stock valued at $150~~ ~~for the settlement of contingent consideration related to a business acquisition.~~

~~The Company issued~~ ~~4,017,652~~ ~~shares of common stock under its ATM Agreement, resulting in net proceeds of $67,989~~.

~~The Company issued~~ ~~5,238~~ ~~shares of common stock valued at $~~60 ~~as compensation for Director services.~~

~~The Company had~~ ~~232,518~~ ~~shares of common stock returned back to the Company as part of the settlement of contingent consideration and holdbacks related to business acquisition.~~

~~10.~~

STOCK WARRANTS

The following is a summary of stock warrant activity during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023.


	Number of Warrant Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price ($)		Number of Warrant Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price ($)
Balance, September 30, 2022		202,220		$	13.03
Balance, September 30, 2023							185,560		$	13.49
Warrants granted		—			—		—			—
Warrants expired		(11,660	)		8.00		(3,000	)		25.00
Warrants canceled		—			—		—			—
Warrants exercised		—			—		—			—
Balance, June 30, 2023		190,560		$	13.34
Balance, December 31, 2023							182,560		$	13.30

As of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, there were warrants exercisable to purchase ~~190,560~~182,560 shares of common stock in the Company and there were no warrants that were unvested. These warrants have a weighted average exercise price of $~~13.34~~13.30. During the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, there were no exercise of warrants.

As of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, the outstanding warrants have a weighted average remaining term of ~~2.34~~1.95 years and an intrinsic value of $5283.

~~11.~~14.

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company sponsors a stock-based incentive compensation plan known as the 2017 Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), which was established by the Board of Directors of the Company on June 19, 2017. As of September 2022, an aggregate of 3,500,000 shares of common stock were authorized for issuance under the Plan.

In March 2023, the stockholders approved an amendment to the Plan, as amended to date, to (i) increase the number of shares authorized for issuance thereunder from 3,500,000 shares of common stock to 11,512,000 shares and (ii) add an evergreen provision to, on April 1st and October 1st of each year, automatically increase the maximum number

~~F-28~~

of shares of common stock available under the Plan to fifteen percent (15% ) of the Company's outstanding shares of common stock, in each case as of the last day of the immediately preceding month. On ~~March 31, 2023, there were~~ ~~96,950,555~~ ~~outstanding shares of common stock, and accordingly on~~ April 1, 2023, the total shares authorized for issuance under the Plan increased to 14,542,583 and subsequently on October 1, 2023, there were 160,184,921 outstanding shares of common stock, and accordingly the total shares authorized for issuance under the Plan increased to 24,027,738.

As of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, after giving effect to the evergreen provision ~~and the effectiveness of grants of equity awards that were conditioned on stockholder approval of the amendment to the Plan,~~ there were ~~4,839,019~~10,025,740 shares available and authorized for issuance under the Plan.

F-26

STOCK OPTIONS

The following is a summary of stock option activity during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023:


	Number of Option Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price ($)		Number of Option Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price ($)
Balance, September 30, 2022		1,418,938			19.11
Balance, September 30, 2023							1,970,458		$	14.86
Options granted		73,500			3.19		65,000		$	6.16
Options expired		(44,600	)		6.05		(80,236	)	$	8.88
Options canceled/forfeited		(140,503	)		12.55		(17,823	)	$	5.36
Options exercised		—			—		(6,096	)	$	5.91
Balance, June 30, 2023		1,307,335		$	19.37
Balance, December 31, 2023							1,931,303		$	14.93

As of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, there were options exercisable to purchase ~~901,028~~1,138,068 shares of common stock in the Company and ~~406,307~~793,235 unvested options outstanding that cannot be exercised until vesting conditions are met. As of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, the outstanding options have a weighted average remaining term of ~~3.53~~ 1.18years and an intrinsic value of $824,600.

For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, the Company also granted ~~73,500~~65,000 options to purchase shares of common stock to employees with a total fair value of $~~186~~388.

The Black-Scholes model utilized the following inputs to value the options granted during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023:


Fair value assumptions Options:	~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023
Risk free interest rate	~~2.65~~3.94% - ~~4.23~~4.82%
Expected term (years)	~~5.50~~ -	~~5.85~~5.77
Expected volatility	~~176.8% -~~ ~~194.9~~%	176	%
Expected dividends		0	%

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense relating to stock options of $~~1,485~~1,812 and $~~1,676~~1,657 for the three months ended ~~June 30, 2023 and 2022 and $4,630~~ ~~and $6,591~~ ~~for the nine months ended June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and 2022. As of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, the Company expects to recognize $~~7,367~~5,540 of stock-based compensation for the non-vested outstanding options over a weighted-average period of ~~approximately~~ ~~one-year~~1.79.

~~F-29~~

years.

RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS

The Company grants restricted stock units ("RSU"s) that contain either a) service conditions, b) performance conditions, or c) market performance conditions. RSUs containing service conditions vest monthly or annually. RSUs containing performance conditions generally vest over 1 year, and the number of shares earned depends on the achievement of predetermined Company metrics. RSUs that contain market conditions will vest based on the terms of the agreement and generally are either 1 year or over the employee's term of employment.

The Company recognizes the expense equal to the total fair value of the RSUs on the grant date. The time-based RSUs granted were valued equal the stock price on the grant date and the value of market-based RSUs are valued utilizing the monte-carlo valuation model. The expense is recognized ratably over the service period.

The following table summarizes the ~~performance-based restricted stock units at~~activity for all RSUs during the ~~maximum award amounts based upon the respective performance share agreements. Actual shares that will vest depend on the attainment of the performance-based criteria.~~three months ended December 31, 2023:


	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Fair Value Per Share		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Number of Shares			Weighted Average Fair Value Per Share		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at September 30, 2022		5,448,548		$	4.93	$	17,326
Outstanding at September 30, 2023									5,471,435		$	4.18	$	20,846
Granted		420,552			2.37				209,972			3.81
Vested		(1,628,664	)		4.46				(1,404,754	)		3.94
Cancelled		(40,000	)		-				-			-
Forfeited		(4,048	)		29.34				(2,504	)		4.15
Outstanding at June 30, 2023		4,196,388		$	4.75	$	18,003
Outstanding at December 31, 2023									4,274,149		$	4.24	$	47,144

F-27

~~During~~

On September 29, 2023, the ~~nine months ended June 30,~~Compensation Committee granted 3,460,000 market-based restricted stock units to senior leadership of the Company. A 33% tranche of the market-based awards vest based upon the Company's stock price reaching 200%, 300% and 400% of the stock price on the date of grant. Each tranche will vest upon the target stock price being met for at least 10 of 20 consecutive trading days and the awards are not dependent on a defined service period. The total fair value of the award is approximately $13,160 and is amortized over a weighted average period of less than 1 year. Any unvested market-based RSUs will expire on September 29, 2033.

On October 1, 2023, the Company granted ~~420,552~~209,972 time-based RSUs to its board members as part of ~~which~~their annual compensation. These RSUs vest ~~360,552~~25 ~~are service period based and~~ ~~60,000~~ ~~were based on performance conditions. Included in these grants were~~ ~~355,552~~ RSUs granted to members of the Board of Directors, which were granted for fiscal 2023 and were effectively granted upon shareholder approval of an increase in the number of shares available under the Company’s equity incentive plan in March 2023. The RSU awards to the Board of Directors vest quarterly over fiscal year 2023% each quarter-end and have a combined ~~grant date~~grant-date fair value of $800. ~~In June~~The first vesting occurred on December 31, 2023 and the 52,492 shares were settled and issued in January 2024.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company ~~amended~~had 1,967,480 outstanding unvested time-based restricted stock awards and 2,306,669 outstanding unvested market-based restricted stock awards. 50% of the ~~employment agreement~~time-based awards will vest on September 12, 2024 and 50% on September 12, 2025.

As of ~~its General Counsel, SVP Compliance to exchange~~September 30, 2023, the ~~outstanding~~Company had ~~40,000~~ ~~market based restricted shares for~~ ~~30,000~~196,435 performance based awards that were unvested. During the quarter ended December 31, 2023 193,931 performance based onawards vested in October 2023 when the Company ~~reaching certain EH/s targets. The modification~~achieved its exahash target rate of ~~the~~10.0 and 2,504 performance based awards ~~resulted in no incremental fair value.~~were forfeited due to termination.

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense relating to restricted stock units of $~~4,462~~8,141 and $~~3,537~~4,221 for the three months ended ~~June 30, 2023 and 2022 and $12,938~~ ~~and $10,925~~ ~~for the nine months ended June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and 2022. As of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, the Company had $~~13,790~~14,801 in unrecognized compensation costs related to all RSU awards that it expects to recognize over a weighted average period of ~~1.2~~1.27 years.

~~12.~~15.

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Purchase of bitcoin mining related equipment

The Company has $~~81,305~~37,044 in open purchase commitments for miners or mining equipment as of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023. These commitments pertain to the purchase transaction with Bitmain Technologies Delaware Limited signed in ~~April~~October 2023 for the purchase of ~~45,000~~4.4 XPEH/s of Antminer S21 bitcoin mining machines for a purchase price up to $~~144,900~~61,740 ~~(based on~~(after coupons). As of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, $~~63,595~~24,696 of payments have been made and are recorded as deposits for mining equipment or miners.

~~Future hosting agreements~~

On March 29, 2022, the Company entered into a hosting agreement with Lancium LLC (“Lancium”). Pursuant to the agreement, Lancium has agreed to host, power and provide maintenance and other related services to the Company's mining equipment to be placed at Lancium facilities. Further, Lancium committed to provide 200 megawatts in support of the Company's mining equipment. In addition, for a period of two and a half years following the operations commencement date, the Company will have an option to increase the power capacity supplied to the equipment up to 500 MW or 40% of the aggregate capacity of all facilities owned and operated by Lancium, whichever is lesser. As of the date of this filing, the Company has not deployed any miners pursuant to the co-location mining services at Lancium’s facility in Texas. Lancium has informed the Company that it is experiencing significant delays due to the tightening of capital in the current market climate. The Company does not have any expected timeline on the readiness of these facilities for the foreseeable future. If Lancium’s situation improves in a timeline acceptable to the Company, it would anticipate utilizing Lancium as intended but there can be no assurance that Lancium's situation or market conditions will improve.

~~F-30~~

As of the date of this filing, the Company has paid no consideration or deposits to Lancium and, accordingly, there is no direct financial risk with respect to the delays Lancium is currently experiencing. To the extent services are provided in the future, the Company has agreed to compensate Lancium based on a power and hosting fee based on kilowatt hours consumed by the Company’s equipment, subject to service level adjustments and credits, if any. The agreement has an initial term of ~~five years~~ ~~from the operations commencement date (unless terminated earlier in accordance with the terms of the agreement), after which it will renew automatically for~~ ~~two-year~~ ~~periods unless either party provides notice of non-renewal at least~~ ~~ninety days~~ ~~prior to the expiration of the term or renewal term, as applicable.~~

Contractual future payments

The following table sets forth certain information concerning our obligations to make contractual future payments towards our agreements as of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023:


($ in thousands)	Remainder of Fiscal Year 2023		Fiscal 2024		Fiscal 2025		Fiscal 2026		Fiscal 2027		Thereafter		Total		Fiscal Year 2024		Fiscal Year 2025		Fiscal Year 2026		Fiscal Year 2027		Fiscal Year 2028		Thereafter		Total
Recorded contractual obligations:
Operating lease obligations	$	67	$	214	$	201	$	204	$	106	$	32	$	824	$	154	$	201	$	204	$	106	$	41	$	—	$	706
Finance lease obligations		54		134		9		—		—		—		197		89		9		—		—		—		—		98
Loans		2,539		8,766		8,463		821		94		89		20,772		5,465		7,957		798		269		92		36		14,617
Construction in progress		23,634		—		—		—		—		—		23,634		8,350		—		—		—		—		—		8,350
Miners and mining equipment contracts		81,305		—		—		—		—		—		81,305		24,696		12,348		—		—		—		—		37,044
Total	$	107,599	$	9,114	$	8,673	$	1,025	$	200	$	121	$	126,732	$	38,754	$	20,515	$	1,002	$	375	$	133	$	36	$	60,815

~~Contingent consideration~~

~~Mawson Property Acquisition~~

~~In connection with the Mawson Transaction (as discussed in Note 3), the Company and seller agreed to up to $2,000~~ ~~of seller financing if the Company received, by April 8, 2023, written confirmation reasonably acceptable to it that it will be able to utilize at least~~ ~~150~~ MW of additional power at the site. Such written confirmation was not received by April 8, 2023. See Note 3 for additional description of the resolution of this contingency. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has $0 ~~recorded as contingent liability associated with the Mawson Transaction.~~

Legal contingencies

From time to time the Company may be subject to litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company accrues a liability when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. When a material loss contingency is reasonably possible but not probable, the Company does not record a liability, but instead discloses the nature and the amount of the claim, and an estimate of the loss or range of loss, if such an estimate can be made. Legal fees are expensed as incurred. Based on the opinion of legal counsel and other factors, management believes that the final disposition of these existing matters will not have a material adverse effect on the business, results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows of the Company. The Company has identified certain claims as a result of which a loss may be incurred, but in the aggregate the loss is expected to be insignificant. This assessment is based on our current understanding of relevant facts and circumstances. As such, our view of these matters is subject to inherent uncertainties and may change in the future. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability and the determination as to whether an exposure is reasonably estimable. Actual outcomes of these legal and regulatory proceedings may materially differ from our current estimates. For other claims regarding proceedings that are in an initial phase, the Company is unable to estimate the range of possible loss, if any, but at this time believes that any loss related to such claims will not be material. Risks associated with legal liability are difficult to assess and quantify, and their existence and magnitude can remain unknown for significant periods of time. We maintain liability insurance to reduce such risk exposure to the Company. Despite the measures taken, such policies may not cover future litigation, or the damages claimed may exceed our coverage which could result in contingent liabilities.

~~F-31~~

Bishins v. CleanSpark, Inc. et al.

F-28

On January 20, 2021, Scott Bishins (“Bishins”), individually, and on behalf of all others similarly situated (together, the “Class”), filed a class action complaint (the “Class Complaint”) in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Company, its Chief Executive Officer, Zachary Bradford (“Bradford”), and its Chief Financial Officer at the time, Lori Love (“Love”) (such action, the “Class Action”). ~~The Class Complaint alleged that, between December 31, 2020 and January 14, 2021,~~Subsequent to the Company, Bradford, and Love “failed to disclose to investors: (1) that the Company had overstated its customer and contract figures; (2) that several of the Company’s recent acquisitions involved undisclosed related party transactions; and (3) that, as a result of the foregoing, Defendants’ positive statements about the Company’s business, operations, and prospects were materially misleading and/or lacked a reasonable basis.” The Class Complaint sought: (a) certificationfiling of the Class ~~(b) an award of compensatory damages to the Class, and (c) an award of reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the Class in the litigation.~~

~~On December 2, 2021, the Court appointed~~Action, Darshan Hasthantra, as lead Plaintiff (together with Bishins, the “Plaintiffs”)~~, and Glancy, Prongay and Murray LLP as class counsel.~~

~~Hasthantra~~ filed an ~~Amended Complaint on February 28, 2022~~amended complaint (the “Amended Class Complaint”)~~. In the Amended Class Complaint, Love is no longer a defendant and~~, which named S. Matthew Schultz (“Schultz”) ~~has been added~~ as a defendant (the Company, Bradford and Schultz, collectively, the “Defendants”). and no longer named Love as a defendant.

The Amended Class Complaint alleges that, between December 10, 2020 and August 16, 2021 (the “Class Period”), Defendants made material misstatements and omissions regarding the Company’s acquisition of ATL and its anticipated expansion of bitcoin mining ~~operations. In particular, Plaintiffs allege that Defendants: (1) were misleading in their various public announcements related to the timeline for expanding ATL’s mining capacity;~~operations and (2) failed to disclose other material conditions purportedly related to the Company’s acquisition of ATL, including that an ATL predecessor had filed for bankruptcy about six months prior to the acquisition, that another bitcoin miner had declined to acquire ATL, and that a related party had performed an audit of ATL for the Company. The Amended Class Complaint seeks: (a) certification of the Class, (b) an award of compensatory damages to the Class, and (c) an award of reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the Class in the litigation.

To date, no class has been certified in the Class ~~Action.~~

~~The Company filed its Motion to Dismiss on April 28, 2022. The Motion to Dismiss sought dismissal of all claims asserted in~~Action, and the Amended Class Complaint with prejudice and without leave to amend on the grounds that Plaintiffs failed to state a claim upon which relief can be granted under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and SEC Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. Plaintiffs filed their opposition on June 27, 2022. Defendants’ reply in further support of their Motion to Dismiss was filed on August 11, 2022. The Motion to Dismiss was denied on January 5, 2023. On February 15, 2023, the Company filed its answer responding to Plaintiffs’ claims and asserting affirmative defenses. The case is moving forward in discovery.

The Company believes that the claims raised in the Amended Class Complaint ~~and the Class Complaint~~ are without merit. The Company intends to ~~both~~ defend itself vigorously against these ~~claims and to vigorously prosecute any counterclaims.~~

~~The Class Action may distract~~claims. At this time, the Company ~~and cost the Company’s management time, effort and expense~~is unable to ~~defend against the claims made in~~estimate potential losses, if any, related to the Amended Class Complaint. Notwithstanding the Company’s belief that the claims are without merit, no assurance can be given as to the outcome of the Class Action, and in the event the Company does not prevail in such action, the Company, its business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Shareholder Derivative Actions

Consolidated Ciceri Derivative Actions

On May 26, 2021, Andrea Ciceri (“Ciceri”), derivatively on behalf of CleanSpark, Inc., filed a verified shareholder derivative action (the “Ciceri Derivative Action”) in the United States District Court in the District of Nevada against certain of the Company’s officers and directors (collectively referred to as “Ciceri Derivative Defendants”) (~~Ciceri~~(Ciceri v. Bradford, Schultz, Love, Beynon, McNeill and ~~Wood~~)Wood). On June 22, 2021, Mark Perna (“Perna”) (Ciceri, Perna, and Ciceri Derivative Defendants collectively referred to as the “Parties”) filed a verified shareholder derivative action (the “Perna Derivative Action”) in the same Court against the same Ciceri Derivative Defendants, making substantially similar allegations. On June 29, 2021, the Court consolidated the Ciceri Derivative Action with the Perna Derivative

~~F-32~~

Action in accordance with a stipulation among the parties (the consolidated case referred to as the “Consolidated Ciceri Derivative Action”). The Consolidated Ciceri Derivative Action alleges that Ciceri Derivative Defendants: (1) made materially false and misleading public statements about the Company’s business and prospects; (2) did not maintain adequate internal controls; and (3) did not disclose several related party transactions benefitting insiders, questionable usesasserts claims of ~~corporate assets, and excessive compensation. The claims asserted against all Ciceri Derivative Defendants include~~ breach of fiduciary duties, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, and waste of corporate ~~assets. On or about November 2, 2021, plaintiffs in the Consolidated Ciceri Derivative Action withdrew their claim for contribution under Sections 10(b)~~assets and ~~21D of the Securities and Exchange Act, which had been asserted against only Bradford and Love. The Consolidated Derivative Action~~ seeks declaratory relief, monetary damages, and imposition of adequate corporate governance and internal controls. ~~Plaintiffs were given~~

In June 2023, the ~~opportunity~~Company’s Board of Directors appointed a special litigation committee (the “SLC”), comprised of independent Directors and represented by independent counsel to ~~submit an Amended Complaint by November 25, 2021, but elected not to. In January 2022,~~investigate, evaluate and prosecute as appropriate any and all claims asserted in the ~~Parties agreed to stay~~Consolidated Ciceri Derivative Action as well as the ~~entirety~~Consolidated Smith Derivative Actions (defined below). On October 23, 2023, the Court stayed the case until July 23, 2024, pending the completion of the case pending the outcome of the Motion to Dismiss in the Class Action. On January 5, 2023, the Class Action Motion to Dismiss was denied, thereby terminating the stay in this matter. On April 20, 2023, the Ciceri Derivative Defendants filed a Motion to Dismiss the Consolidated Derivative Action. Plaintiffs’ filed their opposition on June 12, 2023 and Defendants’ filed their reply in further support of their Motion to Dismiss on July 13, 2023.SLC’s investigation.

The Company believes that the claims raised in that case are without merit. The Company intends to both defend itself vigorously against these claims and to vigorously prosecute any counterclaims.

~~The~~ At this time, the Company is unable to estimate potential losses, if any, related to the Consolidated Ciceri Derivative Action may distract the Company and cost the Company’s management time, effort and expense to defend against the claims. Notwithstanding the Company’s belief that the claims are without merit, no assurance can be given as to the outcome of the Consolidated Derivative Action, and in the event the Company does not prevail in such action, the Company, its business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.Action.

Consolidated Smith Derivative Actions

On February 21, 2023, Brandon Smith (“Smith”), derivatively on behalf of CleanSpark, Inc., filed a verified shareholder derivative action in the Eighth Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada in and for Clark County against certain of the Company’s officers and directors (~~Smith~~(Smith v. Bradford, Love, Schultz, Beynon, McNeill and Wood).

On February 24, 2023, Plaintiff Nicholas Iraci (“Iraci”), derivatively on behalf of CleanSpark, Inc., filed a verified shareholder derivative action (the “Iraci Derivative Action”) in the Eighth Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada in and for Clark County against certain of the Company’s officers and directors (~~Iraci~~(Iraci v. Bradford, Love, Schultz, Beynon, McNeill and Wood).

On March 1, 2023, Plaintiff Eric Atanasoff (“Atanasoff”), derivatively on behalf of CleanSpark, Inc., filed a verified shareholder derivative action (the “Atanasoff Derivative Action”) in the Eighth Judicial District Court of the State of

F-29

Nevada in and for Clark County against certain of the Company’s Officers and Directors (~~Atanasoff~~(Atanasoff v. Bradford, Schultz, Beynon, McNeill, and ~~Wood~~)Wood).

On March 8, 2023, Plaintiff Travis France (“France”), derivatively on behalf of CleanSpark, Inc., filed a verified shareholder derivative action (the “France Derivative Action”) in the Eighth Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada in and for Clark County against certain of the Company’s officers and directors (~~France~~(France v. Bradford, Love, Tadayon, Schultz, Beynon, McNeill and ~~Wood~~)Wood).

The Smith Derivative Action, Iraci Derivative Action, Atanasoff Derivative Action and France Derivative Action each contain substantially similar allegations, namely that the defendants: (1) made materially false and misleading public statements about the Company’s business and prospects; (2) were misleading in their various public announcements related to the timeline for expanding ATL’s mining capacity; (3) failed to disclose other material conditions purportedly related to the Company’s acquisition of ATL, including that an ATL predecessor had filed for bankruptcy about six months prior to the acquisition, that another bitcoin miner had declined to acquire ATL, and that a related party had performed an audit of ATL for the Company; (4) did not maintain adequate internal controls; and (5) did not disclose several related party transactions benefitting insiders and excessive compensation.

Between February and June 2023, the respective parties to the Smith Derivative Action, Iraci Derivative Action, Atanasoff Derivative Action and France Derivative Action litigated federal court versus state court jurisdictional issues and, ultimately,Ultimately, each of the aforementioned derivative actions were consolidated into the Smith Derivative Action in the Eighth Judicial District Court of Nevada (the “Consolidated Smith Derivative Actions”).

~~F-33~~

The ~~claims asserted in each of the~~operative Consolidated Smith Derivative Actions ~~include breach~~assert claims of ~~fiduciary duties, aiding and abetting~~ breach of fiduciary duties, unjust enrichment and corporate ~~waste. The damages sought in each of the Consolidated Smith Derivative Actions include~~waste and seek monetary damages, restitution, declaratory relief, litigation costs, and imposition of adequate corporate governance and internal controls. ~~However, Plaintiffs have until August 11,~~

On November 6, 2023, ~~to designate or file an operative complaint for~~the Court stayed the Consolidated Smith Derivative ~~Actions.~~Action for five months pending the completion of the SLC’s investigation.

The Companybelieves that the claims raised in Consolidated Smith Derivative Actions are without merit. The Company intends to both defend itself vigorously against these claims and to vigorously prosecute any counterclaims.

~~The Consolidated Smith Derivative Actions may distract~~ At this time, the Company ~~and cost the Company’s management time, effort and expense~~is unable to ~~defend against the claims. Notwithstanding the Company’s belief that the claims are without merit, no assurance can be given as~~estimate potential losses, if any, related to ~~the outcome of~~ the Consolidated Smith Derivative ~~Actions,~~Actions.

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that have arisen in the ~~event~~ordinary course of business and that have not been fully resolved. The outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain. In the opinion of management, there was not at least a reasonable possibility the Company ~~does not prevail in such action, the Company, its business, financial condition~~may have incurred a material loss, or a material loss greater than a recorded accrual, concerning loss contingencies for asserted legal and ~~results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.~~

~~Solar Watt Solutions, Inc., v. Pathion, Inc.~~

On ~~January 6, 2022~~, Solar Watt Solutions, Inc., (“SWS”) filed suit in the Superior Court of the State of California in the County of Santa Clara against Pathion, Inc. (“Pathion”) for breach of contract, conversion, unjust enrichment and negligent misrepresentation. Prior to its acquisition by the Company, SWS paid Pathion $~~419~~ for solar batteries and related equipment for delivery in August 2019, later amended to November 2019. Pathion never delivered any of the items purchased by SWS. Pathion’s breach resulted in SWS being unable to complete a separate contract and cost the end-user client over $15 ~~per month in electricity costs. SWS is seeking an award of compensatory damages totaling over $500~~. Pathion filed an answer on or around February 16, 2022, generally denying the claims asserted by SWS. SWS served discovery on Pathion in May 2022; Pathion did not serve responses. Accordingly, SWS filed a Motion for Order Establishing Admissions and for Sanctions on July 25, 2022 and was awarded $2 ~~in sanctions. The parties are currently engaged in the discovery process and a trial date is scheduled for March 2024.~~

~~Darfon America Corp. vs. CleanSpark, Inc.~~

On August 18, 2022, Darfon America Corp filed a breach of contract suit in connection with a purchase contract for batteries. Plaintiff contends that the Company ordered batteries and did not pay for them. Plaintiff was seeking $~~5,400~~ ~~in damages and additional costs and fees. The Company contends, among~~ other ~~things, that the batteries did not meet the necessary specifications.~~

On January 27, 2023, the Superior Court of the State of California in the County of San Diego orally granted Plaintiff’s Motion for a pre-judgment Writ of Attachment. While no written order has been received as of the date of this filing, this Writ of Attachment will likely provide Plaintiff with right to seek a lien on any Company assets located in California. The Company had recorded a legal reserve of $~~1,100~~ in December 2022 in connection with this matter, which had represented the Plaintiff’s unmitigated damages less what the Company has already paid. In April 2023, the Company settled the suit with Darfon for a total amount of $~~3,800. The Company recorded the additional settlement expense of $2,700~~ in March 2023, which is included in professional fees on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Plaintiff has filed a request for dismissal with prejudice and the parties are awaiting entry of the same by the Court.claims.

~~F-34~~16.

~~13.~~

MAJOR CUSTOMERS AND VENDORS

The Company has one mining pool operator (Foundry Digital) that represented ~~over~~ 99100% of revenue for ~~all~~the periods ended ~~for the~~ three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and 2022.

For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had the following significant suppliers of mining equipment.


	Nine Months Ended							Three Months Ended
		June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022				December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Sunnyside Digital Inc.			7.77	%		—
Cryptech Solutions			37.74	%		87.68	%			0	%		87	%
Bitmain Technologies Ltd.			54.49	%		12.32	%			100	%		0	%
Sunnyside Digital Inc.										0	%		11	%

~~14.~~17.

~~LOANS~~

~~As of June 30, 2023, the Company had a gross balance outstanding of $18,052, netted against discount on the loans payable of $204. Total principal payments on loans during the nine months ended June 30, 2023 was $12,493~~.

~~The following is a schedule of the Company's future loan payments and loan balance, net of debt discount, as of June 30, 2023:~~

($ in thousands)

Maturity Date

Rate

Debt Balance, Net

Master Equipment Financing Arrangement

Apr-25

13.80%

$
13,074

Mortgage - Corporate Facility

Apr-25

10.00%

$
1,942

SPRE Commercial Group, Inc.

Aug-23

12.00%

342

Marquee Funding Partners

Jul-26 - Feb-27

13.00%

1,830

Auto & Equipment Loans

Oct-26 - Oct-28

0.99-9.60%

660

Total Loans Outstanding

$
17,848

Less: current portion of long-term loans

(7,076
)
Long-term loans, excluding current portion

$
10,772

($ in thousands)

5-Year Loan Maturities

Outstanding Loan

FY 2023

FY 2024

FY 2025

FY 2026

FY 2027

Thereafter

Total

Master Equipment Financing Arrangement

$
1,490

$
6,508

$
5,221

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
13,219

Mortgage - Corporate Facility

—

—

2,000

—

—

—

2,000

SPRE Commercial Group, Inc.

343

—

—

—

—

—

343

Marquee Funding Partners

105

458

521

593

153

—

1,830

Auto & Equipment Loans

37

152

159

148

81

83

660

Total principal amount of loan payments by fiscal year

$
1,975

$
7,118

$
7,901

$
741

$
234

$
83

$
18,052

Unamortized deferred financing costs and discounts

(204
)
Total loan book value as of June 30, 2023

$
17,848

~~F-35~~

~~Mortgage - Corporate Office~~

~~On May 10, 2023, HQLLC completed a refinancing transaction whereby it borrowed a net $1,937~~ ~~against the equity of the real property purchased in April that is intended for the future Corporate Office (see Note 7). The loan agreement has a~~ ~~two year~~ ~~term,~~ 10~~% interest rate and monthly interest only payments until maturity.~~

~~Master Equipment Financing Agreement~~

~~On April 22, 2022, the Company entered into a Master Equipment Financing Agreement with Trinity Capital Inc. (the "Lender"). The Master Equipment Financing Agreement provided for up to $35,000~~ ~~of borrowings to finance the Company’s acquisition of blockchain computing equipment. The Company received a loan of $20,000~~ ~~at closing, with the remaining $15,000~~ fundable upon the Company's request, if requested no later than December 31, 2022, subject to certain customary conditions. The Company did not request the funding and agreed with the Lender that the related 1% loan commitment fee for the unused portion would be refunded to the Company, which was received in December 2022. The borrowings under the Master Equipment Financing Agreement are collateralized by 3,336 S19j Pro miners, which are located at our Godby, GA and Norcross, GA sites.

~~SPRE Commercial Group, Inc.~~

~~In connection with the WAHA Transaction, the Company entered into a financing arrangement with the seller. The loan has a term of 12 months with monthly payments of $174~~ ~~and a stated interest rate of~~ 12%.

~~Marquee Funding Partners~~

~~In connection with the WAHA Transaction, certain assets were encumbered with mortgages which the Company assumed. The mortgages assumed have a current unpaid principal balance of $2,031~~ ~~and remaining payment terms ranging from~~ 47-54 ~~months and annual interest of~~ 13%.

~~Auto Loans~~

~~The Company has entered into various financing arrangements to purchase vehicles and non-miner equipment with combined principal amount of $660. The loans vary in terms from~~ 48-72 ~~months with annual interest rates ranging from~~ ~~0.99% -~~ ~~9.60~~%. The loans are secured with the purchased vehicles and equipment. During the nine months ended June 30, 2023, the Company entered into five separate agreements for the purchase of machinery and equipment and mining equipment with a combined principal of $~~493, with terms ranging from~~ 48-72 ~~months and interest rates ranging from~~ ~~0.99~~%-~~9.60~~%.

~~15.~~

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

We have evaluated events occurring between January 1, 2024 through February 8, 2024. There were no material subsequent events except as disclosed below:

At-the-Market Equity Issuances

From ~~July~~January 1, ~~2023~~2024 through ~~August 8, 2023,~~February 8,2024, the Company issued ~~20,186,538~~12,457,651 shares under its 2024 ATM ~~Agreement~~offering facility resulting in net proceeds of approximately $~~119,062~~122,000.

Miner Purchase Agreement

On January 6, 2024, the Company, entered into an agreement with Bitmain Technologies Delaware Limited to purchase up to 160,000 Bitmain S21 miners, which is equal to 32 exahashes per second. The ~~proceeds will be utilized~~delivery of the mining machines is expected to ~~fund capital expenditures associated with the expansion of mining facilities and~~begin in April 2024. The agreement allows for the purchase of ~~miners.~~60,000 miners for a net purchase price of $193,200 (after application of coupons) for a net cost of $16.10 per terahash. The agreement also

~~From July 1, 2023 through August 8, 2023,~~F-30

includes an option for the Company ~~issued~~to purchase up to an additional ~~680,306~~100,000 ~~shares~~S21 miners for $320,000, or $16.00 per terahash. The agreement requires the Company to pay $32,000 for the option, which expires on December 31, 2024, and is exercisable at the Company's discretion. The Company plans to use the mining machines to expand its digital currency mining activities through its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

Asset Acquisitions

Dalton, GA

On February 2, 2024, the Company entered into agreements to acquire land and assets ("Dalton Acquisition") in Dalton, GA for a combined purchase price of ~~common stock in connection~~approximately $3,500 with ~~the vesting~~an additional $3,400 of ~~restricted stock awards.~~expected build-out costs.

~~F-36~~Mississippi Locations

On February 5, 2024, the Company entered into an agreement to acquire assets in three separate locations within Mississippi, each of which include land, building and infrastructure for a combined purchase price of $19,800.

F-31

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

($ presented in 000's, except for bitcoin price)

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the interim consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 ("Form 10-K"). This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” or in other parts of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as those identified in the “Risk Factors” section of our Form 10-K. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future. See “Forward-Looking Statements.”

Company Overview

We are a bitcoin mining company. We have no intention to mine, purchase or hold any other cryptocurrency at this time or in the foreseeable future (although we held a de minimis amount of USD Coin ("USDC") as of December 31, 2023). We independently own and operate five data centers in Georgia for a total developed capacity of 230 MW. We are developing an additional 150 MW at our data center in Sandersville, GA. We have a partner in Massena, NY, that hosts 50 MW for us. We design our infrastructure to responsibly support Bitcoin, the world’s most important digital commodity and an essential tool for financial independence and inclusion. We strive to leave the planet better than we found it by investing in communities that source low-carbon energy, like wind, solar, nuclear, and hydro. We cultivate trust and transparency among our employees, the communities we operate in, and the people around the world who depend on Bitcoin.

Bitcoin Mining

Bitcoin was introduced in 2008 with the goal of serving as a digital means of exchanging and storing value. Bitcoin is a form of digital currency that depends upon a consensus-based network and a public ledger called a “blockchain”, which contains a record of every bitcoin transaction ever processed. The bitcoin network is the first decentralized peer-to-peer payment network, powered by users participating in the consensus protocol, with no central authority or middlemen, that has wide network participation. The authenticity of each bitcoin transaction is protected through digital signatures that correspond with addresses of users that send and receive bitcoin. Users have full control over remitting bitcoin from their own sending addresses. All transactions on the bitcoin blockchain are transparent, allowing those running the appropriate software to confirm the validity of each transaction. To be recorded on the blockchain, each bitcoin transaction is validated through a proof-of-work consensus method, which entails solving complex mathematical problems to validate transactions and post them on the blockchain. This process is called mining. Miners are rewarded with bitcoins, both in the form of newly created bitcoins and fees in bitcoin, for successfully solving the mathematical problems and providing computing power to the network.

Factors such as access to computer processing capacity, interconnectivity, electricity cost, environmental factors (such as cooling capacity) and location play important roles in mining. As of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, our operating mining units were capable of producing over ~~6.7~~10.0 exahash per second (“EH/s”) of computing power. In bitcoin mining, “hashrate” is a measure of the computing and processing power and speed by which a mining computer mines and processes transactions on the bitcoin network. We expect to continue increasing our computing power through ~~2023~~2024 and beyond as we expand our infrastructure at our owned sites in the State of Georgia, seek strategic acquisition targets, and through strategic co-location agreements. As of the date of this filing, ~~August 9, 2023,~~February 8, 2024, we are capable of producing ~~9.0~~12.5 EH/s of computing power. A company’s computing power measured in hashrate is generally considered to be one of the most important metrics for evaluating bitcoin mining companies.

We own approximately ~~91,000~~146,000 miners as of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, of which approximately ~~68,000~~88,500 are in service and the remainder mainly pertains to new machines ready to install in the ~~Washington and Dalton expansions.~~Sandersville, GA expansion. These miners range in age from ~~1-37~~2-36 months and have an average age of approximately 1211 months. We do not have scheduled downtime for our miners, however, we periodically perform unscheduled maintenance on our miners, but such downtime has not historically been significant. When performing unscheduled maintenance, we will typically replace the miner

with a substitute miner to limit overall downtime. The miners owned as of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 have a range of energy efficiency (watts per terahash – “w/th”) of ~~21.5~~17.5 to 38 w/th with an average energy efficiency of ~~29.9~~26.4 w/th.

We obtain bitcoin as a result of our mining operations, and we sell bitcoin from time to time, to support our operations and strategic growth. We do not currently plan to engage in regular trading of bitcoin (other than as necessary to convert our bitcoin into U.S. dollars) or to engage in hedging activities related to our holding of bitcoin; however, our decisions to hold or sell bitcoin at any given time may be impacted by the bitcoin market, which has been historically characterized by significant volatility. Currently, we do not use a formula or specific methodology to determine whether or when we will sell bitcoin that we hold, or the number of bitcoins we will sell. Rather, decisions to hold or sell bitcoins are currently determined by management by analyzing forecasts and monitoring the market in real time.

The value of bitcoin has historically been subject to wide swings. The following table provides a range of intraday low and intraday high bitcoin prices between October 1, ~~2021~~2022 through ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023.

Range of intraday bitcoin prices (presented in actual amounts without rounding)

Quarterly Reporting Periods Ended

Minimum Price

Maximum Price

December 31, 2021

$
42,333

$
69,000

March 31, 2022

$
32,933

$
48,240

June 30, 2022

$
17,567

$
47,469

September 30, 2022

$
18,153

$
25,215

December 31, 2022

$
15,460

$
21,479

March 31, 2023

$
16,490

$
29,190

June 30, 2023

$
24,750

$
31,444


Range of intraday bitcoin prices
Quarterly Reporting Periods Ended	Minimum Price		Maximum Price
December 31, 2022	$	15,460	$	21,479
March 31, 2023	$	16,490	$	29,190
June 30, 2023	$	24,750	$	31,444
September 30, 2023	$	24,900	$	31,862
December 31, 2023	$	26,521	$	45,000

As of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, we held ~~approximately 529~~3,002 bitcoins. The ~~carrying~~fair value of our bitcoins as of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 was ~~$13,925~~$126,951 on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. ~~We account for our~~Effective October 1, 2023, we adopted ASC 350-60 which required bitcoin ~~as indefinite-lived intangible assets, which are subject~~ to ~~impairment losses if the fair value of our bitcoin decreases below their carrying value~~be measured at ~~any time since their acquisition. Impairment losses cannot be recovered for any subsequent increase in~~ fair value. ~~The~~See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for more details on impact of implementation to the financial statements. As a result, the carrying value of each bitcoin we held at the end of December 31, 2023 and each subsequent reporting period reflects the ~~lowest~~ price of one bitcoin quoted on the active exchange at ~~any time since its acquisition.~~the end of the reporting period. Therefore, negative swings in the market price of bitcoin could have a material impact on our earnings and on the carrying value of our bitcoin.

As of December 31, 2023, we held $0.05 in USDC, which is a digital currency that is fully backed by U.S. dollar assets, with the value of one USDC coin pegged 1:1 to the value of one U.S. dollar.

Through our wholly owned subsidiaries CSRE Properties, LLC, CSRE Property Management Company LLC, CSRE Properties Norcross, LLC, CSRE Properties Washington, LLC, CSRE Properties Sandersville, LLC, CSRE Properties Dalton, LLC and CleanSpark HQ, LLC, we maintain real property holdings.

Discontinued Operations

As of June 30, 2022, we deemed our energy operations to be discontinued operations due to our strategic decision to strictly focus on bitcoin mining operations and divest of our energy assets.

Results of continuing operations for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and 2022

($ presented in 000's, except for bitcoin price and information set forth under the heading “Bitcoin Mining Operations”)

Bitcoin Mining Operations

Overview

We operate a fleet of servers commonly known as miners or ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits), which are computer chips customized for a specific use. In the case of bitcoin mining, ASICs calculate the SHA-256 algorithm as efficiently and quickly as possible in order to compete with other miners to solve blocks. Each calculation is a hash, and each machine’s computational power is measured in terahash processed per second (“th/s”). One terahash is equal to 1 trillion hashes. The more terahash we produce and contribute into the mining pool, the higher our percentage of the blockchain reward.

There are a variety of factors that influence our ability to mine bitcoin profitability. Our ability to mine profitability is dependent on successfully navigating these fluctuating variables, which include bitcoin’s value in USD (the

volatility of which is described above), mining difficulty, global hashrate, power prices, fleet energy efficiency, data center energy efficiency, and other factors.

The energy efficiency of a mining fleet helps drive profitability, because the most significant direct expense for bitcoin mining is power. We measure efficiency by the watts of energy required to produce each terahash of processing power (“w/th”). We believe we operate a highly efficient fleet of miners. The table below describes our fleet as of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and 2022 and describes our miner efficiency and computing power as compared to the global computing power.


	As of the periods ended						As of the fiscal periods ended
Combined facilities	June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022			December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Period ended Global hashrate (in terms of EH/s) (1)		397.8			227.8			558.4			274.2
Period ended miner efficiency (w/th) (2)		29.9			32.2			26.4			31.7
Period ended CleanSpark hashrate (in terms of EH/s)		6.7			2.8			10.0			6.2
Period ended CleanSpark % of total global hashrate		1.68	%		1.23	%
Period ended CleanSpark percentage of total global hashrate								1.80	%		2.26	%

(1) Total global hashrate obtained from YCHARTS (https://ycharts.com/indicators/bitcoin_network_hash_rate)
(2) Watts of energy required to produce each terahash of processing power
(1) Total global hashrate obtained from YCHARTS (https://ycharts.com/indicators/bitcoin_network_hash_rate).
(2) Watts of energy required to produce each terahash of processing power.

As of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, our operating hashrate was approximately ~~1.68%~~1.80% of the total global hashrate, and we received approximately the same percentage of the global blockchain rewards, which as of that date, equaled approximately 15-17 bitcoin per ~~day.~~day, excluding the bitcoin earned from network transaction fees. Ultimately, in order to mine profitably, we work to ensure that these mining rewards cover our direct operating costs.

The table below describes the average cost of mining each bitcoin for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and 2022 and the total energy usage and cost per each kilowatt hour ("KWH") utilized within both our four owned facilities and our hosted facility.


	For the Three Months Ended						For the Nine Months Ended							For the Three Months Ended
Cost of Revenues - Analysis of costs to mine one bitcoin (per bitcoin amounts are actual)	June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022			June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022				December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Cost of Mining - Owned Facilities
Cost of energy per bitcoin mined	$	11,366		$	6,891		$	11,679		$	5,545			$	12,783		$	12,995
Other direct costs of mining - non energy utilities per bitcoin mined		101			547			64			213				25			52
Cost to mine one bitcoin - Owned facilities	$	11,467		$	7,438		$	11,743		$	5,758			$	12,808		$	13,047

Cost of Mining - Hosted Facilities
Hosting fees expense per one bitcoin	$	16,490		$	13,828		$	14,507		$	13,891			$	22,621		$	13,565

Weighted average cost of mining one bitcoin	$	12,710		$	10,500		$	12,501		$	9,605
Weighted average cost of mining one bitcoin (1)(3)														$	14,308		$	13,221

Average revenue of each bitcoin mined	$	27,982		$	32,071		$	23,016		$	41,548
Average revenue of each bitcoin mined (2)														$	36,535		$	18,129
Cost of mining one bitcoin as % of average bitcoin mining revenue		45.4	%		32.7	%		54.3	%		23.1	%			39.2	%		72.9	%

Statistics
Owned Facilities
Total bitcoin mined at owned facilities		1,222			503			3,647			1,330				1,710.9			1,017.8
Bitcoin mining revenue - Owned facilities- ($ in thousands)	$	34,192		$	16,288		$	84,625		$	54,998			$	62,400		$	18,428
Total miners in owned facilities - as of the periods ended		51,052			17,217			51,052			17,217
Total miners in service in owned facilities - as of the periods ended															72,234			47,087
Total KWHs utilized		337,875,000			80,590,000			894,261,000			202,811,000				495,197,028			222,963,788
Total energy expense - ($ in thousands)	$	13,886		$	3,463		$	42,598		$	7,376			$	21,871		$	13,226
Cost per KWH	$	0.041		$	0.043		$	0.048		$	0.036			$	0.044		$	0.059
Energy expense as % of bitcoin mining revenue, net		40.6	%		21.3	%		50.3	%		13.4	%
Energy expense as percentage of bitcoin mining revenue, net															35.0	%		71.8	%
Other direct costs of mining - non energy utilities - ($ in thousands)	$	124		$	275		$	233		$	283			$	42		$	53

Hosted Facilities
Total bitcoin mined at hosted facilities		402			462			1,378			1,194				308.7			512.7
Bitcoin mining revenue - Hosted facilities- ($ in thousands)	$	11,235		$	14,654		$	31,036		$	49,884			$	11,386		$	9,319
Total miners in hosted facilities - as of the periods ended		16,668			11,156			16,668			11,156
Total miners in service in hosted facilities - as of the periods ended															16,325			16,613
Total KWHs utilized		111,430,000			78,919,000			329,236,000			181,718,000				104,598,890			108,297,639
Total hosting fee expense - ($ in thousands)	$	6,625		$	6,392		$	19,987		$	16,587			$	6,983		$	6,955
Hosting fee per KWH	$	0.059		$	0.081		$	0.061		$	0.091			$	0.067		$	0.064
Hosting fee expense as % of bitcoin mining revenue, net		59.0	%		43.6	%		64.4	%		33.3	%
Hosting fee expense as percentage of bitcoin mining revenue, net															61.3	%		74.6	%
(1) Weighted average cost of mining one bitcoin is calculated by dividing the sum of total energy expense and other direct costs of mining non-energy utilities (owned facilities) and total hosting fee expense (hosted facilities) by the total bitcoin mined during the respective periods.													(1) Weighted average cost of mining one bitcoin is calculated by dividing the sum of total energy expense and other direct costs of mining non-energy utilities (owned facilities) and total hosting fee expense (hosted facilities) by the total bitcoin mined during the respective periods.
(2) Average revenue of each bitcoin mined is calculated by dividing the sum of bitcoin mining revenue for both owned and hosted facilities by the total number of bitcoin mined during the respective periods. We have determined that Coinbase is the principal market for valuing bitcoin transactions and uses the daily closing prices as the source of recording revenue. See the table "Range of intraday bitcoin prices" for information on the range of intraday bitcoin prices for quarterly periods since October 1, 2022.													(2) Average revenue of each bitcoin mined is calculated by dividing the sum of bitcoin mining revenue for both owned and hosted facilities by the total number of bitcoin mined during the respective periods. We have determined that Coinbase is the principal market for valuing bitcoin transactions and uses the daily closing prices as the source of recording revenue. See the table "Range of intraday bitcoin prices" for information on the range of intraday bitcoin prices for quarterly periods since October 1, 2022.
(3) The weighted average cost of mining one bitcoin excludes equipment related expenses, such as miner repair expenses and miner depreciation expense.													(3) The weighted average cost of mining one bitcoin excludes equipment related expenses, such as miner repair expenses and miner depreciation expense.

Power prices are the most significant cost driver for our wholly owned locations, and energy costs represented ~~40.6%~~35.0% and ~~21.3%~~71.8% as expressed as a percentage of bitcoin mining revenues during the three months ended ~~June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 50.3% and 13.4% for the nine months ended June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For our co-locations, hosting fees (which comprise direct operating costs of the third-party operator with energy as the largest cost) and profit sharing were a combined ~~59.0%~~61.3% and ~~43.6%~~74.6% as a percentage of bitcoin mining revenues during the three months ended ~~June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively and 64.4% and 33.3% for the nine months ended June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Energy prices can be highly volatile and global events (including the war in Ukraine and the resulting natural gas shortage) ~~have~~ caused power prices to increase nationwide ~~over the past year.~~in 2022. All of our wholly owned and operated sites in the State of Georgia and our hosted miners in New York State are currently subject to variable prices and market rate fluctuations with respect to wholesale power costs. Such prices are governed by power purchase agreements which

vary by location and said prices can change hour to hour. While this renders energy prices less predictable, it also gives us greater ability and flexibility to actively manage the energy we consume with an eye towards increasing profitability and energy efficiency. Energy prices are also highly sensitive to weather events, such as winter storms and polar vortices, which increase the demand for power regionally. When such events occur, we may curtail our operations to avoid using power at increased rates. The average power prices we paid in our owned facilities for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and 2022 was ~~$0.048~~$0.044 and ~~$0.036~~$0.059 per kilowatt hour, respectively. At our hosting facilities, the hosting fee as compared to KWHs utilized in the hosted facilities was ~~$0.061~~$0.067 and ~~$0.091~~$0.064 per kilowatt hour for such periods, respectively.

The management team makes real-time determinations on the need and timing during which we should curtail. We curtail when power prices exceed the value we would receive for the corresponding fixed bitcoin reward. This means if bitcoin’s value decrease or energy prices increase, our curtailment will increase; likewise, when bitcoin’s value increases and energy prices decrease, our curtailment will decrease. The management team manages this decision on an hour-by-hour basis across all our sites both wholly owned and hosted.

In the ~~quarter~~three months ended December 31, 2022, energy prices spiked nationwide due to weather events and, as a result, we curtailed a total of 15% of our fleet, with December being the month with the greatest curtailment. Our active curtailment strategy allowed us to avoid excessive cost during these events, but it also resulted in decreased production.

~~During the most recent fiscal quarter ended June 2023, the~~ The Company did not have significant curtailment ~~due to weather events or energy price spikes.~~during the three months ended December 31, 2023

Results of continuing operations for the three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and 2022

($ presented in 000's, except for average bitcoin price)

Bitcoin mining revenue

We earned ~~$45,427~~$73,786 in bitcoin mining revenue during the three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, which was an increase of ~~$14,485,~~$46,040, or ~~47%~~166%, as compared with ~~$30,942~~$27,746 for the three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022. Bitcoin mining revenues, are recorded net of bitcoin mining fees charged by our sole mining pool operator that equaled approximately 0.19% of gross bitcoin mining revenues for the three months ended December 31, 2023, are determined by two main drivers: quantity of bitcoin mined and the price of bitcoin on the date the bitcoin is mined. During the three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, we mined ~~1,623~~2,020 bitcoin with an average bitcoin price of ~~$27,982~~$36,535 as compared to ~~965~~1,530 bitcoin with an average bitcoin price of ~~$32,071~~$18,129 during the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in bitcoin mining revenue was attributable to an increase of bitcoin mined partially offset by the decrease in average price of bitcoin mined. The increase in the quantity of bitcoin mined was primarily driven by the increased number of miners in operation which increased to approximately 68,000 as of June 30, 2023. The increase in miners in operation increases our hashrate, which is our total computational power, and which when understood in the context of global hashrate, determines how much bitcoin we are able to mine.

~~Other services revenues~~

Other services revenues pertain to our data center operations for which we earned $96 in revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2023, which is a decrease of $9, or 10%, as compared to $87 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The Company is in the process of eliminating these services that do not pertain to bitcoin mining activities.

~~Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization expense)~~

Our cost of revenues were $20,681 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $10,393, or 101%, as compared with $10,288 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. These costs were primarily related to energy costs to operate the mining equipment within our owned facilities, which was $13,857 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $10,394, or 301%, as compared to $3,463 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. We also incurred hosting fees of $5,291 and profit sharing fees of $1,334 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, an increase

of $1,327, or 33%, and decrease of $1,134, as compared to $3,964 and $2,468, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increases in both utilities and hosting fees were mainly due to the increases in the volume of mining equipment installed in both our owned and hosted locations. Profit share decreased slightly due to a combination of higher network difficulty and lower hashrate utilization at our largest the co-location.

~~Professional fees~~

Professional fees, which consist primarily of legal, accounting and consulting fees, were $2,225 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $797, from $1,428 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. Legal expenses were $1,210 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, which is consistent with the $1,153 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. Other professional fees, namely accounting, audit and consulting, were $1,015 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $735, as compared to $280 for the three months ended June 30, 2022 pertaining mainly to audit and audit related fees.

~~Payroll expenses~~

Payroll expenses were $10,405 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $2,329, or 29%, from $8,076 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. Our payroll expenses include all compensation-related expenses for our employees and mainly includes salaries, wages, payroll-related taxes and benefits and non-cash stock-based compensation. Payroll expenses, excluding non-cash stock-based compensation, were $4,458 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, representing an increase of 56% from $2,863 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, and were mainly attributed to an increase in employee headcount and the recognition of incentive compensation earned.

We grant stock-based awards to certain employees as a significant portion of our payroll-related costs. Stock-based compensation, which is a non-cash expense, was $5,947 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $734, or 14%, from $5,213 for the three months ended June 30, 2022.

~~General and administrative expenses~~

General and administrative expenses increased to $5,064 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, from $2,119 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, representing an increase of $2,945. This increase was primarily attributable to increases in corporate overhead including, but not limited to, insurance premiums, travel expenses, property taxes and rent expenses.

~~Other impairment expense (related to bitcoin)~~

Impairment expense in the amount of $740 was recognized for the three months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $3,678 as compared to $4,418 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The impairment expense consists of bitcoin impairments due to the general decrease in bitcoin prices during the year. Decreases in bitcoin prices for periods subsequent to the mining date are recorded as impairment expense. Under ASC Topic 350 -~~Goodwill and Other,~~ ~~subsequent increases in bitcoin prices are not allowed to be recorded (unrealized gains) unless the bitcoin is sold, at which point the gain is recognized.~~

~~Realized (gain) loss on sale of bitcoin~~

Realized loss on sale of bitcoin was $143 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to a realized loss of $5,235 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. There was less volatility in bitcoin during the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022 (see the Range of Bitcoin Prices table above).

~~Depreciation and amortization~~

Depreciation and amortization expense increased to $21,850 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, from $14,781 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, an increase of $7,069. Depreciation expense increased by $6,983, or 49%, during the three months ended June 30, 2023, from $14,287 to $21,270, due to an increase in miners and mining

related equipment being placed in service during the comparative period. Amortization expense for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was $580, an increase of $86, from $494 for the three months ended June 30, 2022.

~~Other Income (Expenses)~~

Other income was $1,468 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared with other expense of $1,295 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, which is a change of $2,763. Other income for the three months ended June 30, 2023 consisted primarily of an interest expense in the amount of $689, change in fair value of contingent consideration of $2,000, and unrealized gain on derivative security of $105 as compared interest expense of $314 and unrealized loss on derivative security of $1,033 for the prior year period. This change in the unrealized (gain) loss on derivative security between the periods is the result of a change in fair value of the underlying instrument.

The increase in interest expense in the three months ended June 30, 2023 was due to an increase in the amount of long-term debt, mainly related to the master equipment financing arrangement we entered in mid-April 2022 as well as interest in the current year due to the loans from the seller financing and assumed mortgage incurred in connection with the WAHA transaction in August 2022.

~~Net Loss from Continuing Operations~~

Net loss from continuing operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was $14,117 as compared to net loss from continuing operations of $16,611 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, for the reasons discussed above.

~~Results of Discontinued Operations~~

~~($ presented in 000's, except for average bitcoin price)~~

Revenues from our former energy segment, which is now classified as discontinued operations decreased, as expected, to $11 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 from $600 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The total costs and expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2023 decreased to $110 from $13,328 for the three months ended June 30, 2022 primarily due to the winding down of the energy segment. As a result, the net loss from discontinued operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was $102, as compared to a loss of $12,729 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The Company does not expect significant discontinued operations revenues or costs in subsequent periods.

~~Net Loss~~

~~Net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was $14,219, a decrease of $15,121 compared to net loss of $29,340 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, for the reasons stated above.~~

~~Results of continuing operations for the nine months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022~~

~~($ presented in 000's, except for average bitcoin price)~~

~~Bitcoin mining revenue~~

We earned $115,661 in bitcoin mining revenue during the nine months ended June 30, 2023, which was an increase of $10,779, or 10%, as compared with $104,882 for the nine months ended June 30, 2022. Bitcoin mining revenues are determined by two main drivers: quantity of bitcoin mined and the price of bitcoin on the date the bitcoin is mined. During the nine months ended June 30, 2023, we mined 5,025 bitcoin with an average bitcoin price of $23,016 as compared to 2,524 bitcoin with an average bitcoin price of $41,548 during the nine months ended June 30,December 31, 2022. The increase in bitcoin mining revenue for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 was attributable the increase in the bitcoin mined during the period ~~which was partially offset by~~and the ~~decrease~~increase in the average bitcoin price as compared to the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022. The increase in the quantity of bitcoin mined was primarily driven by the increased number of miners in operation, which increased to approximately ~~68,000 as~~88,500 and compared to 63,700, an increase of ~~June 30,~~24,800 between December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023. The increase in miners in operation increases our hashrate, which is our total computational power, and which when understood in the context of global hashrate, determines how much bitcoin we are able to mine.

Other services revenues

Other services revenues pertain to our former data center operations for which we earned ~~$227 in revenue~~$73 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022. In fiscal year 2023 which is a decrease of $243, or 52%, as compared to $470 for the nine months ended June 30, 2022. The Company is in the process of eliminating these services that do not pertain to bitcoin mining activities.we ceased data center operations.

Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization expense)

Our cost of revenues were ~~$63,179~~$28,896 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, an increase of ~~$38,571,~~$8,480, or ~~157%~~42%, as compared with ~~$24,608~~$20,416 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022. These costs were primarily related to energy costs to operate the mining equipment within our owned facilities, which was ~~$42,609~~$21,871 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, an increase of ~~$35,234~~$8,604 or ~~478%~~65% as compared to ~~$7,375~~$13,267 for the ~~nine~~three months ended June 30, 2022. We also incurred hosting fees of $16,708 and profit sharing fees of $3,277 for the nine months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $3,367, or 25%, and decrease of $9, as compared to $13,341 and $3,286, respectively, for the nine months ended June 30,December 31, 2022. The ~~increases~~increase in ~~both utilities and hosting fees were~~energy costs is due to the increases in the volume of mining equipment ~~installed~~operating in ~~both~~ our owned and co-locations, as well as a general increase in the cost of each megawatt utilized during the first two quarters of our fiscal year partially offset by a general decrease in the cost of each megawatt utilized in our third fiscal quarter. During various periods in the month of December 2022, we experienced significantly higher energy prices due to the extreme weather conditions in Georgia and New York, and accordingly, we voluntarily curtailed our bitcoin mining operations. Immediately following the extreme weather event, energy prices dropped back to a consistent rate experienced earlier in the quarter and we resumed our mining operations.locations. We continually evaluate energy and bitcoin prices and periodically will curtail our mining operations when it is advantageous to do so.

We also incurred hosting fees of $5,574 and profit sharing fees of $1,409 for the three months ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $655, or 11%, and increase of $683, or 94%, as compared to $6,229 and $726, respectively, for the three months ended December 31, 2022. The hosting fees and profit sharing fees are primarily the result of our co-location agreement with Coinmint. The hosting fees remained consistent for both period since the decrease in KWHs utilized was offset by the increase in the rate charged per KWH.

Professional fees

Professional fees, which consists primarily of legal, accounting and consulting fees, were ~~$8,806~~$1,572 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$3,217,~~$1,259, or ~~58%~~44%, from ~~$5,589~~$2,831 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022. Legal expenses were ~~$6,505~~$158 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, as compared to ~~$2,013~~$1,955 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022. This ~~increase~~decrease was primarily attributable to ~~a litigation settlement and increase in transactional matters requiring~~no legal ~~services~~settlements during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2023.~~December 31, 2023, as compared to $1,010 of legal settlements during the three months ended December 31, 2022. Other professional fees, namely accounting ~~audit~~ and consulting, were ~~$2,301~~$1,414 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, as compared to ~~$3,576~~$876 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022, representing a ~~decrease~~increase of ~~$1,275.~~$538.

Payroll expenses

Payroll expenses were ~~$29,957~~$15,321 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, an increase of ~~$5,747,~~$5,519, or ~~24%~~56%, from ~~$24,210~~$9,802 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022. Our payroll expenses include all compensation related expenses for our employees and mainly include salaries, wages, payroll-related taxes and benefits and non-cash stock-based compensation. Payroll expenses, excluding non-cash stock-based compensation, were ~~$12,389~~$5,368 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, representing an increase of ~~85%~~37% from ~~$6,694~~$3,924 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022 mainly attributed to an increase in employee headcount.

We grant stock-based awards to certain employees as a significant portion of our payroll-related costs. Stock-based compensation, which is a non-cash expense, was ~~$17,568~~$9,953 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, ~~a decrease~~an increase of ~~$52,~~$4,075, or 0%69%, from ~~$17,516~~$5,878 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022. The increase in stock based compensation was mainly attributed to the vesting of a certain market-based restricted stock awards in December 2023.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses increased to ~~$13,117~~$5,003 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 from ~~$6,708~~$3,724 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022, representing an increase of ~~$6,409.~~$1,279. This increase was primarily attributable to increases in corporate overhead, including, but not limited to, taxes, licenses, and insurance ~~premiums, travel expenses, property taxes and rent expenses.~~premiums.

13Gain on fair value of bitcoin, net

Gain on fair value of bitcoin, net for the three months ended December 31, 2023 is $36,041. As discussed in Notes 2 and Note 5 above, the Company adopted the amendments per ASC 350-60 in the current period, accordingly, we measured crypto assets within the scope of ASC Topic 350-60 - Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Crypto Assets at fair value in accordance with ASC Topic 820 - Fair Value Measurement and included the gains and losses from remeasurement in net income. The gain pertains to the change in bitcoin's fair value from adoption date, October 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023.

Prior to adoption of ASC 350-60 - Crypto Assets, bitcoin was classified as indefinite-lived intangible assets and were measured at cost less impairment. Additionally, in the previous guidance, subsequent increases in bitcoin prices are not allowed to be recorded (unrealized gains) unless the bitcoin is sold, at which point the gain is recognized. Accordingly, gains (losses) recognized on fair value of bitcoin in fiscal year 2024 are not comparable to fiscal year 2023.

Other impairment expense (related to bitcoin)

Impairment expense in the amount of ~~$1,017~~$83 was recognized for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2023 a decrease of $10,435 as compared~~December 31, 2022. There is no impairment expense related to ~~$11,452~~bitcoin for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2022.~~December 31, 2023 due to the adoption of ASC 350-60 (as described in Note 2 and Note 5) which resulted in measuring bitcoin at fair value and recognizing gains or losses from remeasurement of the assets rather than at cost less impairment. The prior year impairment expense consists of bitcoin impairments due to the general decrease in bitcoin prices during the year. Decreases in bitcoin prices for periods subsequent to the mining date ~~are~~were recorded as impairment expense. Under ASC Topic 350 -Goodwill and Other(prior guidance), subsequent increases in bitcoin prices are not allowed to be recorded (unrealized gains) unless the bitcoin is sold, at which point the gain is recognized.

Realized ~~gain (loss)~~loss on sale of bitcoin

Realized ~~gain~~loss on sale of bitcoin was ~~$762~~$517 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2023 as compared~~December 31, 2022. As described under the heading "Gain on fair value of bitcoin, net",gains (losses) recognized on bitcoin transactions in fiscal year 2024 are not comparable to a realized gain of $2,026 for the nine months ended June 30, 2022. There was less volatility in bitcoin during the nine months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended June 30, 2022 (see the Range of Bitcoin Prices table above).fiscal year 2023.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased to ~~$62,525~~$29,847 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, from ~~$32,660~~$19,329 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022, an increase of ~~$29,865.~~$10,518. Depreciation expense increased by ~~$29,741,~~$10,506, or ~~95%~~56%, during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, from ~~$31,185~~$18,827 to ~~$60,926,~~$29,333, due to an increase in miners and mining-related equipment being placed in service during the comparative period. Amortization expense for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 was ~~$1,599,~~$514, an increase of ~~$124,~~$12, or 8%2%, from ~~$1,475~~$502 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022.

Other Income (Expenses)

Other expense was ~~$817~~$1,203 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, compared with other expense of ~~$1,729~~$1,605 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022, which is a change of ~~$912.~~$402. Other expense for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 consisted primarily of an unrealized loss on derivative security of ~~$1,110~~$1,243 as compared to loss for the same prior year period of ~~$2,144.~~$1,271. This change between the periods is the result of a change in fair value of the underlying instrument.

Interest expense in the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 ~~also increased~~decreased by ~~$2,002~~$343 to ~~$2,377~~$546 from ~~$375~~$889 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022 due to lower average debt balances during three months ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2022. ~~This increase~~

Interest income in the three months ended December 31, 2023 increased from the prior year balance was due to an increase in the amount of long-term debt, mainly related to the master equipment financing arrangement we entered in April 2022 as well as interest in the current year due to the loans from the seller financing and assumed mortgage incurred in connection with the WAHA transaction in August 2022.short-term overnight investments.

Net ~~(Loss) Income~~income (loss) from Continuing Operations

Net ~~loss~~income from continuing operations for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 was ~~$62,771~~$25,909 as compared to net ~~income~~loss from continuing operations of ~~$1,065~~$30,488 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022, for the reasons discussed above.

~~Results of Discontinued Operations~~

~~($ presented in 000's, except for average bitcoin price)~~

Revenues from our former energy segment, which is now classified as discontinued operations decreased significantly, as expected, to $140 for the nine months ended June 30, 2023, from $9,157, from nine months ended June 30, 2022. The total costs and expenses for the nine months ended June 30, 2023 decreased to $794 from $25,244 for the nine months ended June 30, 2022 primarily due to the winding down of the energy segment. The Company sold a portion of the assets held for sale pertaining to the discontinued energy operations for approximately $2,523, which had a carrying amount of $813 resulting in a recognized gain of $1,710. As a result, the netNet income from discontinued operations for the nine months ended June 30, 2023 was $1,061, as compared to a loss of $16,090 in the nine months ended June 30, 2022. The Company does not expect significant discontinued operations revenues or costs in subsequent periods.

~~Net (Loss) Income~~(loss)

Net ~~loss~~income for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 was ~~$61,710,~~$25,909, a fluctuation of ~~$46,685~~$54,940 compared to net ~~income~~loss of ~~$15,025~~$29,031 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022, for the reasons stated above.

Non-GAAP Measure

We present adjusted EBITDA, which is not a measurement of financial performance under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"). Our non-GAAP "Adjusted EBITDA" excludes (i) impacts of interest, taxes, and depreciation; (ii) our share-based compensation expense, unrealized gains/losses on securities, and, changes in the fair value of contingent consideration with respect to previously completed acquisitions, all of which

are non-cash items that we believe are not reflective of our general business performance, and for which the accounting requires management judgment, and the resulting expenses could vary significantly in comparison to other companies; (iii) non-cash impairment losses related to long-lived assets (including goodwill); (iv) ~~realized gains and losses on sales of equity securities, the amounts of which are directly related to the unrealized gains and losses that are also excluded; (v)~~ legal fees related to litigation and various transactions, which fees management does not believe are reflective of our ongoing operating activities; ~~(vi)~~(v) gains and losses on disposal of assets, the majority of which are related to obsolete or unrepairable machines that are no longer deployed; ~~(vii)~~and (vi) gains and losses related to discontinued operations that would not be applicable to our future business ~~activities; and (viii) severance expenses.~~activities.

We previously excluded non-cash impairment losses related to bitcoin and realized gains and losses on sales of bitcoin from our calculation of adjusted EBITDA but have determined such items are part of our normal ongoing operations and will no longer be excluding them from our calculation of adjusted EBITDA.

Management believes that providing this non-GAAP financial measure that excludes these items allows for meaningful comparisons between the Company's core business operating results and those of other companies, and provides the Company and its management with an important tool for financial and operational decision making and for evaluating its own core business operating results over different periods of time. In addition to management's internal use of non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA, management believes that adjusted EBITDA is also useful to investors and analysts in comparing our performance across reporting periods on a consistent basis. Management believes the foregoing to be the case even though some of the excluded items involve cash outlays and some of them recur on a regular basis (although management does not believe any of such items are normal operating expenses necessary to generate our bitcoin related revenues). For example, we expect that share-based compensation expense, which is excluded from adjusted EBITDA, will continue to be a significant recurring expense over the coming years and is an important part of the compensation provided to certain employees, officers, and directors. Additionally, management does not consider any of the excluded items to be expenses necessary to generate our bitcoin related revenue.

The Company's adjusted EBITDA measure may not be directly comparable to similar measures provided by other companies in our industry, as other companies in our industry may calculate non-GAAP financial results differently. The Company's adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement of financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to operating income (loss) ~~income~~ or any other measure of performance derived in accordance with GAAP. Although management utilizes internally and presents adjusted EBITDA, we only utilize that measure supplementally and do not consider it to be a substitute for, or superior to, the information provided by GAAP financial results.

Accordingly, adjusted EBITDA is not meant to be considered in isolation of, and should be read in conjunction with, the information contained in our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP.

The following is a reconciliation of our non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA to its most directly comparable GAAP measure (i.e., net income (loss) ~~income)~~) for the periods indicated:


	For the Three Months Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)	2023			2022
Reconciliation of non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA
Net income (loss)	$	25,909		$	(29,031	)
Loss on discontinued operations		—			(1,457	)
Depreciation and amortization		29,847			19,329
Share-based compensation expense		9,953			5,878
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		—			(485	)
Unrealized loss of derivative security		1,243			1,271
Interest income		(586	)		(70	)
Interest expense		546			889
Loss on disposal of assets		677			—
Income tax expense		1,399			—
Other 1		102			1,705
Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA*	$	69,090		$	(1,971	)

* We have not excluded our net gain on fair value off bitcoin ($36,041 in the quarter ended December 31, 2023), which we now record in our statement of operations as provided in ASC 350-60, as discussed elsewhere in this Form 10-Q.

1 Represents legal fees related to litigation & settlement related expenses and financing & business development transactions

For the Three Months Ended June 30,

For the Nine Months Ended June 30,

($ in thousands)

2023

2022

2023

2022

Reconciliation of non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA

Net loss

$
(14,219
)

$
(29,340
)

$
(61,710
)

$
(15,025
)
(Income) loss on discontinued operations

102

12,729

(1,061
)

16,090

Depreciation and amortization

21,850

14,781

62,525

32,660

Share-based compensation expense

5,947

5,213

17,568

17,516

Change in fair value of contingent consideration

(2,000
)

—

(2,485
)

(346
)
Realized gain on sale of equity security

—

—

—

(1
)
Unrealized loss of equity security

—

—

—

2

Unrealized loss (gain) of derivative security

(105
)

1,033

1,110

2,144

Interest income

(52
)

(52
)

(174
)

(137
)
Interest expense

689

314

2,377

375

Loss (gain) on disposal of assets

—

—

3

(643
)
Legal fees and litigation related expenses

1,036

143

5,255

395

Legal fees related to financing & business development transactions

85

189

675

230

Severance expenses

—

102

—

391

Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA*

$
13,333

$
5,112

$
24,083

$
53,651

* Does not exclude non-cash impairment losses related to bitcoin in the amounts of $740, $4,418, $1,017 and $11,452 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, the three months ended June 30, 2022, the nine months ended June 30, 2023 and the nine months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, or realized (gains) losses on sales of bitcoin in the amounts of $143, $5,235, ($762) and ($2,026) for the three months ended June 30, 2023, the three months ended June 30, 2022, the nine months ended June 30, 2023 and the nine months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

~~The following is a reconciliation of fair market value of our bitcoin holdings to the current carrying value at June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022:~~

June 30, 2023

September 30, 2022

Carrying
Value (1)

Fair Market
Value (2)

Carrying
Value (1)

Fair Market
Value (2)

Number of Bitcoins held

529

529

595

595

Value per bitcoin (1) (2)

$
26,323

$
30,467

$
18,735

$
19,403

Total

$
13,925

$
16,117

$
11,147

$
11,545

~~(1)~~

~~Value per coin is the average book value per coin determined by the number of coins held as of the balance sheet date divided by the carrying value.~~

~~(2)~~

~~Value per coin is the quoted market price as of the balance sheet date.~~

Liquidity and Capital Resources

($ presented in 000's)

Our primary requirements for liquidity and capital are working capital, ~~inventory management,~~ capital expenditures, public company costs and general corporate needs. We expect these needs to continue as we further develop and grow our business. Our principal sources of liquidity have been and are expected to be our cash and cash equivalents and bitcoin inventory.

As of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, we had total current assets of ~~$52,699,~~$181,705, consisting of cash and cash equivalents, ~~accounts receivable,~~ inventory, prepaid expenses and other current assets, bitcoin, investment in debt security and related derivative asset, current assets held for sale, and total assets in the amount of ~~$652,803.~~$862,731. Our total current liabilities and total liabilities as of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 were ~~$37,420~~$42,393 and ~~$49,155,~~$52,170, respectively. We had working capital of ~~$15,279~~$139,312 as of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023. We sell the bitcoin we mine to fund operations and to fund capital expenditures. In addition, we have access to equity financing through our At-the-Market offering facility (see Note 912 - Stockholders' Equity and

Note 1517 - Subsequent Events to our consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).

We believe our cash and cash equivalents on hand, together with cash we expect to generate from future operations, will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements for a period of at least twelve months from the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We are likely to require additional capital to respond to technological advancements, competitive dynamics or technologies, customer demands, business opportunities, challenges, acquisitions or unforeseen circumstances and in either the short-term or long-term may determine to engage in equity or debt financings. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to continue to grow or support our business and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited. In particular, the ongoing impacts of ~~the COVID-19 pandemic, rising~~ inflation and rising interest rates, and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine have resulted in, and may continue to result in, significant disruption and volatility in the global financial markets, reducing our ability to access capital. If we are unable to raise additional funds when or on the terms desired, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Material Cash Requirements

We are a party to many contractual obligations involving commitments to make payments to third parties. These obligations impact our short-term and long-term liquidity and capital resource needs. Certain contractual obligations are reflected on the consolidated balance sheet as of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, while others are considered future commitments. Our contractual obligations primarily consist of cancelable purchase commitments with various parties to purchase goods or services, primarily miners and equipment, entered into in the normal course of business and operating leases. For information regarding our other contractual obligations, refer to Note 1215 - Commitments and Contingencies in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, and Note 1517 - Commitments and Contingencies included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on December ~~15, 2022.~~1, 2023.

We regularly evaluate opportunities to expand our business, including through potential acquisitions of businesses or assets. We will evaluate a variety of sources of capital in connection with financing any future possible acquisitions, including the incurrence of debt, sales of stock or bitcoin, or using cash on hand. We may also use the Company’s stock as transaction consideration, as we have done in the past.

Operating Activities

Operating activities from continuing operations ~~provided $12,428~~used $39,626 in cash for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, as compared to ~~$59,063~~providing $4,703 in cash for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022. Our ~~sale of bitcoin of $111,889,~~ depreciation and amortization of ~~$62,525,~~$29,847, stock based compensation of ~~$17,568, increase~~$9,953, and a decrease in ~~accounts payable~~prepaid and ~~accrued liabilities~~other current assets of ~~$3,504, and impairment of bitcoin of $1,017~~$9,010 were the main components of our operating cash inflow for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, offset primarily by cash outflows for bitcoin mining of ~~$115,661,~~$73,786, net ~~loss~~income of ~~$61,710,~~$25,909, and ~~long-term deposit paid~~a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of ~~$2,940 and an increase in prepaid and other current assets of $412.~~$8,255. Our cash provided by operating activities during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022 was primarily driven by net loss for the period of ~~$15,025,~~$29,031, proceeds from the sale of bitcoin of ~~$108,070, impairment~~$34,067, gain on change in fair value of bitcoin of ~~$11,452,~~$83, stock based compensation of ~~$17,516,~~$5,878, depreciation and amortization of ~~$32,660,~~$19,329, increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of ~~$3,112,~~$3,265, partially offset by mining of bitcoin of ~~$104,882,~~$27,746, realized gain on sale of bitcoin of ~~$2,026,~~$517, and increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of ~~$9,697.~~$1,862.

Investing Activities

Investing activities from continuing operations used ~~$241,479~~$32,818 during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, as compared with using ~~$153,495~~$59,011 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022. Our payments on miner (including miner deposits) of ~~$165,508, the Mawson Transaction of $22,518,~~$48,858, purchase of fixed assets of ~~$42,634, the land purchase in Sandersville, GA of $1,430, and the acquisition of Coinmaker LLC for $9,389~~$27,503, were the main components of our investing cash outflow for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023. This was offset by cash proceeds received from the sale of bitcoin of $43,035. Our payments on miner deposits of ~~$124,273~~$31,540, the acquisition of Mawson of $22,518, and

purchase of fixed assets of ~~$32,105,~~$4,953 were the main components of our investing cash outflow for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022.

Financing Activities

Cash flows generated from financing activities of continuing operations during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 amounted to ~~$226,841,~~$92,095, when compared to ~~$85,637~~$32,971 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022. Our cash flows from financing activities for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 consisted primarily of proceeds from the underwritten offering of ~~$237,517~~$99,336 partially offset by payments on loans in the amount of ~~$12,493.~~$1,701. Our cash flows from financing activities for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2022 mainly consisted of proceeds from underwritten offerings of ~~$67,989 and proceeds from~~$41,344 partially offset by payments on loans in the ~~equipment backed loan~~amount of ~~$18,704.~~$8,430.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, net sales and expenses. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis and base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for the judgments we make about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Because these estimates can vary depending on the situation, actual results may differ from these estimates. Making estimates and judgments about future events is inherently unpredictable and is subject to significant uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. Should any of these estimates and assumptions change or prove to have been incorrect, it could have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position and statement of cash flows.

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to those disclosed in our Form 10-K. For a description of our critical accounting policies and estimates, see Part I, Item 1, Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in our notes to the consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Please refer to Note 2 in our unaudited consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for recently adopted accounting pronouncements and recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The following discussion about the Company’s market risk exposures involves forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements.

Market Price Risk of Bitcoin. The Company holds a significant amount of bitcoin; therefore, it is exposed to the impact of market price changes in bitcoin on its bitcoin holdings. This exposure would generally manifest itself in the following areas:

•

The Company accounts for its bitcoin holdings as indefinite lived intangible assets and records impairment charges whenever the carrying value of bitcoin holdings on the balance sheet exceeds their fair market value. Subsequent recovery of bitcoin prices would not impact the carrying value of bitcoin on the balance sheet, as recovery of previously recorded impairment charges are not allowed under current U.S. GAAP.

•

Declines in the fair market value of bitcoin will impact the cash value that would be realized if the Company were to sell its bitcoin for cash, therefore having a negative impact on its liquidity.

At December 31, 2023, the Company held approximately 3,002 bitcoins and the fair value of a single bitcoin was approximately $42,290, meaning that the fair value of its bitcoin holdings on that date was approximately $127 million.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Limitation on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our periodic and current reports that we file with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting described below.

Material Weakness and Remediation Plan

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following material weaknesses have been identified and included in

management assessment:

•

Information and Technology Controls: Certain individual control deficiencies related to information technology (“IT”) general controls and report reviews aggregate into a material weakness, as follows:

Controls were not fully documented responding to all of the Complementary User Entity Controls forwarded through Software as a Service (SaaS) vendor audit reports in the design and implementation of suggested controls.

There were not always appropriate IT controls related to information produced by the entity (IPE), including spreadsheets, that are relevant to the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

This material weakness did not result in any identified material misstatements to the financial statements, and there were no changes to previously released financial results. Based on this material weakness, management concluded that at December 31, 2023, internal control over financial reporting was not effective.

Our independent registered public accounting firm, MaloneBailey, LLP, has issued an adverse audit report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2023, which appears on page F-2 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on December 1, 2023.

Remediation

The Company’s Board of Directors and management take internal control over financial reporting and the integrity of its financial statements seriously. Management has been implementing and continues to implement measures designed to ensure that control deficiencies contributing to the material weakness are remediated, such that these controls are designed, implemented, and operating effectively. The remediation actions include the following:

•

establish more specific controls to respond to Complementary User Entity Controls forwarded through SaaS vendor audit reports in the design and implementation of suggested controls;

•

expand the management and governance over IT system controls, including the creation of a Systems Analyst position and hiring to fill this position;

•

establish more specific controls to gain additional comfort over the completeness and accuracy of IPE, including data used in spreadsheets used in the preparation of consolidated financial statements; and

•

implement enhanced process controls around internal user access management including provisioning, removal, and periodic review.

We believe that these actions will remediate the material weakness, once management has performed its assessment of our internal controls over financial reporting including the remedial measures described above. The weakness will not be considered remediated, however, until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. We expect that the remediation of this material weakness will be fully completed prior to the end of fiscal year 2024.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

~~There~~Other than as described above, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

1917

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are from time to time subject to various claims, lawsuits, and other legal and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. See Note 1215 - Commitments and Contingencies to our consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in the “Risk Factors” section contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, ~~2022 and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q,~~2023, together with the cautionary statement under the caption “Forward-Looking Statements” included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These described risks are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

We may face several risks due to disruptions in the crypto asset markets, including but not limited to the risk from depreciation in our stock price, financing risk, risk of increased losses or impairments in our investments or other assets, risks of legal proceedings and government investigations, and risks from price declines or price volatility of crypto assets.

In the second half of 2022 and beginning of 2023, some of the well-known crypto asset market participants, including Celsius Network, Voyager Digital Ltd., Three Arrows Capital, and Genesis Global Holdco LLC declared bankruptcy, resulting in a loss of confidence in participants of the digital asset ecosystem and negative publicity surrounding digital assets more broadly. In November 2022, FTX, the third largest digital asset exchange by volume at the time, halted customer withdrawals, and shortly thereafter, FTX and its subsidiaries filed for bankruptcy.

In response to these and other similar events (including significant activity by various regulators regarding digital asset activities, such as enforcement actions against a variety of digital asset entities, including Coinbase and Binance), the digital asset markets, including the market for bitcoin specifically, have experienced extreme price volatility and several other entities in the digital asset industry have been, and may continue to be, negatively affected, further undermining confidence in the digital assets markets and in bitcoin. These events have also negatively impacted the liquidity of the digital assets markets as certain entities affiliated with FTX engaged in significant trading activity and platforms such as Coinbase and Binance engage in significant trading activity. If the liquidity of the digital assets markets continues to be negatively impacted by these events, digital asset prices (including the price of bitcoin) may continue to experience significant volatility and confidence in the digital asset markets may be further undermined. These events are continuing to develop and it is not possible to predict at this time all of the risks that they may pose to us, our service providers or on the digital asset industry as a whole.

Although we had no direct exposure to FTX or any of the above-mentioned cryptocurrency companies (with the exception of Coinbase, which is discussed in “—Potential that, in the event of a bankruptcy filing by a custodian, bitcoin held in custody could be determined to be property of a bankruptcy estate and we could be considered a general unsecured creditor thereof”), nor any material assets that may not be recovered or may otherwise be lost or misappropriated due to the bankruptcies, the failure or insolvency of large exchanges like FTX or other significant players in the digital asset space may cause the price of bitcoin to fall and decrease confidence in the ecosystem, which could adversely affect an investment in us. Such market volatility and decrease in bitcoin price have had a material and adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition and we expect our results of operations to continue to be affected by the bitcoin price as the results of our operations are significantly tied to the price of bitcoin. If we do not continue adjusting our short-term strategy to optimize our operating efficiency in the current dynamic market conditions, such market conditions could have a further negative result on our business, prospects or operations.

Potential that, in the event of a bankruptcy filing by a custodian, bitcoin held in custody could be determined to be property of a bankruptcy estate and we could be considered a general unsecured creditor thereof.

All of the bitcoin we hold is held in either cold or hot storage by Coinbase. The treatment of bitcoins held by custodians that file for bankruptcy protection is uncharted territory in U.S. Bankruptcy law. We cannot say with certainty whether our bitcoin held in custody by Coinbase, should it declare bankruptcy, would be treated as property of the bankruptcy estate and, accordingly, whether we would be treated as a general unsecured creditor with respect of our bitcoin held in custody by Coinbase. If we are treated as a general unsecured creditor, we may not be able to recover our bitcoin in the event of a Coinbase bankruptcy or a bankruptcy of any other custodian we may use in the future.

~~Our indebtedness could adversely affect our financial health and prevent us from fulfilling our debt obligations ($ in Thousands - 000's).~~

In April 2022, we entered into a Master Equipment Financing Agreement with Trinity Capital Inc., as the lender (the “Financing Agreement”). The Financing Agreement provided for up to $35,000 of borrowings to finance our acquisition of blockchain computing equipment. We received a loan of $20,000 at close, with the remaining $15,000 not requested for funding and cancelled. As of June 30, 2023, $13,074 in principal is outstanding and due to Trinity Capital Inc.

The borrowings under the Financing Agreement are collateralized by 3,336 S19j Pro miners, which are located at our Godby, GA and Norcross, GA sites. The value of the miners collateralizing the borrowings under the Financing Agreement may be negatively impacted by adverse events affecting the crypto asset markets and/or volatility in the price of bitcoin. Should we fail to satisfy our obligations with respect to our indebtedness, and should Trinity Capital Inc. foreclose on the miners collaterizing our indebtedness, we could potentially lose up to .33 exahashes of computing power, or 5% of our current computing power. In addition, to the extent the value of the miners securing our borrowings under the Financing Agreement decreases and falls the below the aggregate amount of our obligations under the Financing Agreement, the lender thereunder would be our unsecured creditor in respect of the difference in the value of the collateral and our obligations.

~~In addition, our indebtedness could:~~

•

~~increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;~~

•

require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, research and development efforts and other general corporate purposes;

•

~~limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate;~~

•

~~place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt;~~

•

~~result in greater interest rate risk and volatility;~~

•

~~limit our ability to borrow additional funds; and~~

•

make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our debt, including our obligation to repay our Financing Agreement under certain circumstances, or refinance our indebtedness on favorable terms or at all.

~~Our lack of insurance protection exposes us and our shareholders to the risk of loss of our bitcoin for which no person is liable.~~

Our bitcoin, which is held in custody by Coinbase, is not insured. Therefore, a loss may be suffered with respect to our bitcoin which is not covered by insurance and for which no person is liable in damages which could adversely affect our operations and, consequently, an investment in us.

The value of bitcoin has historically been subject to wide swings. Because we do not currently hedge our investment in bitcoin and do not intend to for the foreseeable future, we are directly exposed to bitcoin’s price volatility and surrounding risks.

The market price of one bitcoin in our principal market ranged from approximately $15,460 to $31,444 during the nine months ended June 30, 2023 and ranged from approximately $17,567 to $69,000 during the nine months ended June 30, 2022. While bitcoin prices are determined primarily using data from various exchanges, over-the-counter markets and derivative platforms, they have historically been volatile and are impacted by a variety of factors. Such factors include, but are not limited to, the worldwide growth in the adoption and use of bitcoins, the maintenance and development of the software protocol of the bitcoin network, changes in consumer demographics and public tastes, fraudulent or illegitimate actors, real or perceived scarcity, and political, economic, regulatory or other conditions. Furthermore, pricing may be the result of, and may continue to result in, speculation regarding future appreciation in the value of bitcoin, or our share price, making prices more volatile.

Currently, we do not use a formula or specific methodology to determine whether or when we will sell bitcoin that we hold, or the number of bitcoins we will sell. Rather, decisions to hold or sell bitcoins are currently determined by management by analyzing forecasts and monitoring the market in real time. Such decisions, however well-informed, may result in untimely sales and even losses, adversely affecting an investment in us. At this time, we do not anticipate engaging in any hedging activities related to our holding of bitcoin; this would expose us to substantial decreases in the price of bitcoin.

~~We maintain our cash at financial institutions, often in balances that exceed federally insured limits.~~

We maintain our cash at financial institutions, often in balances that exceed federally insured limits. We maintain the majority of our cash and cash equivalents in accounts at banking institutions in the United States that we believe are of high quality. Cash held in these accounts often exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits. If such banking institutions were to fail, we could lose all or a portion of amounts held in excess of such insurance limitations. The FDIC recently took control of two such banking institutions, Silicon Valley Bank on March 10, 2023, Signature Bank on March 12, 2023 and First Republic Bank on May 1, 2023. While we did not have an account at any of these three banks, in the event of failure of any of the financial institutions where we maintain our cash and cash equivalents, there can be no assurance that we would be able to access uninsured funds in a timely manner or at all. Any inability to access or delay in accessing these funds could adversely affect our business and financial position. Our ability to open accounts at certain financial institutions is limited by the policies of such financial institutions to not accept clients that are in the crypto industry.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

~~None~~On December 21, 2023, S. Matthew Schultz, our Executive Chairman, entered into a trading arrangement intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act (“Rule 10b5-1(c)”), authorizing (i) the sale of shares of our common stock solely to satisfy the tax withholding obligations of the ~~Company’s directors or officers adopted or terminated~~Company arising from the vesting of restricted stock units previously granted to Mr. Schultz under the CleanSpark, Inc. 2017 Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) (which will remain active until December 21, 2024 and (ii) the potential sale of up to 1,286,000 shares of our common stock so long as the market price of our common stock is higher than certain minimum threshold prices specified in the arrangement (which will remain active from March 27, 2024 until October 11, 2024).

On December 22, 2023, Zachary Bradford, our Chief Executive Officer and President, entered into a ~~Rule 10b5-1~~ trading arrangement orintended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c), authorizing (i) the sale of shares of our common stock solely to satisfy the tax withholding obligations of the Company arising from the vesting of restricted stock units previously granted to Mr. Bradford under the Plan (which will remain active until September 12, 2025 and (ii) the potential sale of up to 1,464,000 shares of our common stock so long as the market price of our common stock is higher than certain minimum threshold prices specified (which will remain active from March 21, 2024 until November 11, 2024).

On December 21, 2023, Gary A. Vecchiarelli, our Chief Financial Officer, entered into a ~~non-Rule 10b5-1~~ trading arrangement ~~during~~intended to satisfy the ~~Company’s fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2023.~~affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c), authorizing the sale of shares of our common stock solely to satisfy the tax withholding obligations of the Company arising from the vesting of restricted stock units previously granted to Mr. Vecchiarelli under the Plan. The trading arrangement will be active from March 22, 2024 until December 21, 2024.

2218

Item 6. Exhibits

Incorporated by Reference

Filed/
Exhibit
Number

Exhibit Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing
Date

Furnished
Herewith

3.1

Conformed Copy of Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of CleanSpark, Inc., as amended through March 8, 2023

S-8

333-39187

4.1

4/6/2023

3.2

First Amended and Restated Bylaws of CleanSpark, Inc., dated September 17, 2021

8-K

001-39187

3.2

9/17/2021

10.1

First Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of October 3, 2022, by and among CSRE Properties Sandersville, LLC, Luna Squares LLC, Mawson Infrastructure Group, Inc. and the Company.

8-K

001-39187

10.3

10/11/2022

10.2

Secured Promissory Note of CSRE Properties Sandersville, LLC dated October 5, 2022.

8-K

001-39187

10.4

10/11/2022

10.3

Amendment No. 1 to the At the Market Offering Agreement, dated December 14, 2022, between CleanSpark, Inc. and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC

8-K

001-39187

10.1

12/14/2022

10.4

Sales and Purchase Agreement entered into by and between CleanSpark, Inc. and Crypt Solutions, Inc. on February 15, 2023

8-K

001-39187

10.1

2/16/2023

10.5

Amendment to 2017 Incentive Plan, dated March 8, 2023

8-K

001-39187

10.1

3/9/2023

10.6

Future Sales and Purchase Agreement entered into by and between CleanSpark, Inc. and Bitmain Technologies Delaware Limited on April 6, 2023

8-K

001-39187

10.1

4/11/2023

10.7

Future Sales and Purchase Agreement entered into by and between CleanSpark, Inc. and Bitmain Technologies Delaware Limited on May 26, 2023

8-K

001-39187

10.1

6/1/23

10.8

Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated June 16, 2023 by and among Coinmaker Miners LLC, CleanSpark, Inc., Coinmaker Miners Limited and Makerstar Capital, Inc.

8-K

001-39187

10.1

6/21/23

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

*
31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

*
32.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

**
32.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

**


		Incorporated by Reference				Filed/
Exhibit Number	Exhibit Description	Form	File No.	Exhibit	Filing Date	Furnished Herewith

3.1	Conformed Copy of Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of CleanSpark, Inc., as amended through March 8, 2023	S-8	333-39187	4.1	4/6/2023
3.2	First Amended and Restated Bylaws of CleanSpark, Inc., dated September 17, 2021	8-K	001-39187	3.2	9/17/2021
10.1	Future Sales and Purchase Agreement entered into by and between the CleanSpark, Inc. and BITMAIN TECHNOLOGIES DELAWARE LIMITED on October 6, 2023	8-K	001-39187	10.1	10/11/2023
10.2	Amendment, dated October 24, 2023, to Employment Agreement, by and between CleanSpark, Inc. and Zachary K. Bradford	8-K	001-39187	10.1	10/27/2023
10.3	Amendment, dated October 24, 2023, to Employment Agreement, by and between CleanSpark, Inc. and S. Matthew Schultz	8-K	001-39187	10.2	10/27/2023
10.4	Amendment, dated October 24, 2023, to Employment Agreement, by and between CleanSpark, Inc. and Gary Vecchiarelli	8-K	001-39187	10.3	10/27/2023
10.5	At the Market Offering Agreement, dated January 5, 2024, between CleanSpark, Inc. and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC	S-3ASR	333-276409	1.2	01/05/2024
10.6	Future Sales and Purchase Agreement entered into by and between the CleanSpark, Inc. and Bitmain Technologies Delaware Limited on January 6, 2024	8-K	001-39187	10.1	01/08/2024
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)					*
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)					*
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350					**
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350					**


101 INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101 SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema ~~Document~~
~~101 CAL~~	~~Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document~~
~~101 DEF~~	~~Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document~~
~~101 LAB~~	~~Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document~~
~~101 PRE~~	~~Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase~~with embedded linkbases Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
*	Filed herewith.
**	Furnished herewith.

2419

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



Date: ~~August 9, 2023~~February 8, 2024	By: /s/ Zachary K. Bradford Zachary K. Bradford Title: Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)



Date: ~~August 9, 2023~~February 8, 2024	By: /s/ Gary A. Vecchiarelli Gary A. Vecchiarelli Title: Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)


☒	Quarterly Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023

☐	Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File Number: 001-39187


Nevada	87-0449945
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)



Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	CLSK	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC


☐ Large accelerated filer	☐ ☒ Accelerated filer
☒ ☐ Non-accelerated Filer	☒☐ Smaller reporting company
	☐ Emerging growth company


Consolidated Balance Sheets as of ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 (unaudited) and September 30, ~~2022;~~2023;	F-1
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive ~~Loss~~Income (Loss) for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited);	F-3
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited);	F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~December 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited);	F-7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).	F-9


		Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1:	Financial Statements	5
Item 2:	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	6
Item 3:	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	16
Item 4:	Controls and Procedures	1816
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1:	Legal Proceedings	2018
Item 1A:	Risk Factors	2018
Item 2:	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	2218
Item 3:	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	2218
Item 4:	Mine Safety Disclosures	2218
Item 5:	Other Information	2218
Item 6:	Exhibits	2319


	Preferred Stock				Common Stock					Additional Paid-in			Accumulated Other Comprehensive		Accumulated			Total Stockholders'
	Shares		Amount		Shares			Amount		Capital			Income		Deficit			Equity
Balance, September 30, 2022		1,750,000	$	2		55,661,337		$	56	$	599,898		$	110	$	(196,054	)	$	404,012
Options and restricted stock units issued for services		—		—		11,210			—		5,878			—		—			5,878
Shares issued for business acquisition		—		—		1,590,175			2		4,801			—		—			4,803
Shares issued under equity offering, net of offering costs		—		—		14,481,208			14		41,330			—		—			41,344
Net loss		—		—		—			—		—			—		(29,031	)		(29,031	)
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—			—		—			29		—			29
Balance, December 31, 2022		1,750,000	$	2		71,743,930		$	72	$	651,907		$	139	$	(225,085	)	$	427,035
Restricted stock units issued for services		—		—		2,149,087			2		5,741			—		—			5,743
Shares withheld for net settlement of restricted stock units related to tax withholdings		—		—		(539,961	)		—		(1,468	)							(1,468	)
Shares issued for settlement of contingent consideration related to business acquisition		—		—		1,100,890			1		2,839			—		—			2,840
Shares issued under equity offering, net of offering costs		—		—		22,580,026			22		58,140			—		—			58,162
Shares returned for settlement of contingent consideration and holdbacks related to business acquisition		—		—		(83,417	)		—		—			—		—			—
Net loss		—		—		—			—		—			—		(18,460	)		(18,460	)
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—			—		—			29		—			29
Balance, March 31, 2023		1,750,000	$	2		96,950,555		$	97	$	717,159		$	168	$	(243,545	)	$	473,881
Options and restricted stock units issued for services		—		—		138,525			—		5,947			—		—			5,947
Shares issued under equity offering, net of offering costs		—		—		34,687,404			35		137,976			—		—			138,011
Net loss		—		—		—			—		—			—		(14,219	)		(14,219	)
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—			—		—			28		—			28
Balance, June 30, 2023		1,750,000	$	2		131,776,484		$	132	$	861,082		$	196	$	(257,764	)	$	603,648


($ in thousands)	Amount
Balance as on September 30, 2022	$	11,147
Addition of bitcoin		115,661
Carrying amount of bitcoin sold		(111,127	)
Bitcoin issued for services		(510	)
Bitcoin issued for software		(229	)
Impairment loss		(1,017	)
Balance as on June 30, 2023	$	13,925


($ in thousands)	Preliminary Allocation at Acquisition Date			Allocation at Acquisition Date
Land lease - right of use asset	$	266		$	266
Operating lease liability		(266	)		(266	)
Building		1,328			1,328
Infrastructure		8,061			8,061
Total purchase price	$	9,389		$	9,389


($ in thousands)	Fair Value
Cash	$	22,518
Financing provided by seller		6,500
1,590,175 shares of CLSK common stock		4,803
Total purchase price	$	33,821

Contingent Consideration
Earn-out Shares of CLSK common stock		3,325
Megawatt earnout (up to $2,000 max)		2,000
Total contingent consideration	$	5,325

Total purchase sale agreement consideration-Combined	$	39,146


($ in thousands)	Preliminary Allocation at Acquisition Date
Right of use lease asset	$	5,010
Lease liability assumed		(5,100	)
Building		13,654
Infrastructure asset		4,465
Miners		12,914
Machinery and equipment		160
Goodwill		8,043
Total	$	39,146


Consideration: ($ in thousands)	Fair Value
Cash	$	19,772
Financing provided by SPRE		1,962
Mortgage assumed		2,158
Total Consideration	$	23,892


Purchase Price Allocation: ($ in thousands)	Preliminary Allocation at Acquisition Date
Land	$	100
Building/Improvements		14,700
Miners		9,092
Total	$	23,892


	As of
Bitcoin holdings	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023 (unaudited)
Number of bitcoin held		3,002		2,243
Carrying basis - per bitcoin	$	34,311	$	25,074
Fair value - per bitcoin	$	42,290	$	26,961
Carrying basis of bitcoin (in '000s)	$	102,997	$	56,241
Fair value of bitcoin (in '000s)	$	126,951	$	60,424


($ in thousands)	ILAL Debt Securities		ILAL Derivative Asset			ILAL Debt Securities		ILAL Derivative Asset
Balance as of September 30, 2022	$	610	$	2,956
Balance as of September 30, 2023						$	726	$	2,697
Unrealized loss on derivative asset		—		(1,110	)		—		(1,243	)
Unrealized gain on fair value recognized in other comprehensive income		86		—			29		—
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	696	$	1,846
Balance as of December 31, 2023						$	755	$	1,454


	For the Three Months Ended June 30,						For the Nine Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Reconciliation of non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA
Net loss	$	(14,219	)	$	(29,340	)	$	(61,710	)	$	(15,025	)
(Income) loss on discontinued operations		102			12,729			(1,061	)		16,090
Depreciation and amortization		21,850			14,781			62,525			32,660
Share-based compensation expense		5,947			5,213			17,568			17,516
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		(2,000	)		—			(2,485	)		(346	)
Realized gain on sale of equity security		—			—			—			(1	)
Unrealized loss of equity security		—			—			—			2
Unrealized loss (gain) of derivative security		(105	)		1,033			1,110			2,144
Interest income		(52	)		(52	)		(174	)		(137	)
Interest expense		689			314			2,377			375
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets		—			—			3			(643	)
Legal fees and litigation related expenses		1,036			143			5,255			395
Legal fees related to financing & business development transactions		85			189			675			230
Severance expenses		—			102			—			391
Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA*	$	13,333		$	5,112		$	24,083		$	53,651


	June 30, 2023				September 30, 2022
	Carrying Value (1)		Fair Market Value (2)		Carrying Value (1)		Fair Market Value (2)
Number of Bitcoins held		529		529		595		595
Value per bitcoin (1) (2)	$	26,323	$	30,467	$	18,735	$	19,403
Total	$	13,925	$	16,117	$	11,147	$	11,545