UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019


o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to ____________

Commission File Number: 1-11961

CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



DELAWARE	76-0423828
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

3040 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 300
Houston, Texas, 77056
(Address of principal executive offices)

(713) 332-8400

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.



Large accelerated filer	o	Accelerated filer	x
Non-accelerated filer	o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	o
		Emerging growth company	o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share	CSV	New York Stock Exchange

The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $.01 par value per share, outstanding as of ~~October~~July 26, ~~2018~~2019 was ~~19,174,607.~~17,812,238.

CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.

INDEX



	Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements	3

Consolidated Balance ~~Sheets~~Sheet as of December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019	3

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and ~~Nine~~Six Months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018~~2019	4

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the ~~Nine~~Six Months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018~~2019	5

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Six Months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019	6

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	68

Cautionary Statement on Forward–Looking Statements	3938

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	4039

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	5553

Item 4. Controls and Procedures	5654

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings	5755

Item 1A. Risk Factors	5755

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	5855

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	5855

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	5855

Item 5. Other Information	5855

Item 6. Exhibits	5855

SIGNATURE	5956

INDEX OF EXHIBITS	6057

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION


Item 1.	Financial Statements.

CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE ~~SHEETS~~SHEET

(in thousands, except share data)


				(unaudited)						(unaudited)
	December 31, 2017			September 30, 2018			December 31, 2018			June 30, 2019
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	952		$	9,474		$	644		$	685
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for bad debts of $835 in 2017 and $765 in 2018	19,655			17,067
Accounts receivable, net							18,897			16,794
Inventories	6,519			6,938			6,751			6,756
Prepaid expenses	2,028			1,778
Other current assets	986			2,798
Prepaid and other current assets							3,011			1,412
Total current assets	30,140			38,055			29,303			25,647
Preneed cemetery trust investments	73,853			69,953			62,432			69,970
Preneed funeral trust investments	90,682			90,051			82,074			88,696
Preneed receivables, net of allowance for bad debts of $2,278 in 2017 and $1,286 in 2018	31,644			18,510
Preneed receivables, net							18,441			19,458
Receivables from preneed trusts	15,287			16,815			17,073			17,654
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $115,776 in 2017 and $122,465 in 2018	247,294			261,565
Cemetery property, net of accumulated amortization of $37,543 in 2017 and $36,829 in 2018	76,331			74,887
Property, plant and equipment, net							260,838			259,835
Cemetery property, net							74,958			75,427
Goodwill	287,956			304,733			303,887			303,887
Intangible and other non-current assets	18,117			25,338
Intangible and other non-current assets, net							24,425			24,360
Operating lease right-of-use assets							—			23,485
Cemetery perpetual care trust investments	50,229			48,813			44,071			48,969
Total assets	$	921,533		$	948,720		$	917,502		$	957,388
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations	$	17,251		$	2,445
Current portion of long-term debt							$	2,015		$	1,895
Current portion of finance lease obligations							312			284
Current portion of operating lease obligations							—			1,541
Accounts payable	6,547			5,810			9,987			6,831
Other liabilities	1,361			898
Accrued liabilities	17,559			21,665
Accrued and other liabilities							22,644			21,916
Total current liabilities	42,718			30,818			34,958			32,467
Long-term debt, net of current portion	212,154			7,648			6,925			6,307
Credit facility							26,145			23,753
Convertible subordinated notes due 2021	124,441			25,697			5,732			5,835
Senior notes due 2026	—			318,956			319,108			319,418
Obligations under capital leases, net of current portion	6,361			6,211
Obligations under finance leases, net of current portion							6,143			5,999
Obligations under operating leases, net of current portion							—			22,673
Deferred preneed cemetery revenue	54,690			46,156			45,997			45,540
Deferred preneed funeral revenue	34,585			28,153			28,606			29,236
Deferred tax liability	31,159			31,694			31,263			32,572
Other long-term liabilities	3,378			3,155			3,133			1,920
Deferred preneed cemetery receipts held in trust	73,853			69,953			62,432			69,970
Deferred preneed funeral receipts held in trust	90,682			90,051			82,074			88,696
Care trusts’ corpus	49,856			48,396			43,494			48,442
Total liabilities	723,877			706,888			696,010			732,828
Commitments and contingencies:
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $.01 par value; 80,000,000 shares authorized and 22,622,242 and 25,699,037 shares issued at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018, respectively	226			257
Common stock, $.01 par value; 80,000,000 shares authorized and 25,703,490 and 25,837,577 shares issued at December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2019, respectively							257			258
Additional paid-in capital	216,158			243,869			243,849			243,285
Retained earnings	57,904			74,338			71,680			83,067
Treasury stock, at cost; 6,523,370 shares at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018	(76,632		)	(76,632		)
Treasury stock, at cost; 7,625,339 and 8,025,339 at December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2019, respectively							(94,294		)	(102,050		)
Total stockholders’ equity	197,656			241,832			221,492			224,560
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	921,533		$	948,720		$	917,502		$	957,388

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited and in thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2018			2017			2018			2018			2019			2018			2019
Revenues:
Funeral	$	47,329		$	49,843		$	150,279		$	156,969
Cemetery	13,725			14,398			42,784			44,506
Revenue:
Service revenue													$	31,972		$	34,659		$	70,657		$	71,311
Property and merchandise revenue													27,531			28,877			57,715			57,456
Other revenue													4,344			4,216			8,862			8,066
	61,054			64,241			193,063			201,475			63,847			67,752			137,234			136,833
Field costs and expenses:
Funeral	29,267			31,734			89,118			95,815
Cemetery	8,769			9,268			26,142			27,183
Depreciation and amortization	3,601			4,011			10,719			11,688
Cost of service													17,329			17,955			35,946			36,052
Cost of merchandise													22,168			22,311			45,291			44,572
Cemetery property amortization													891			1,169			1,799			2,018
Field depreciation expense													3,013			3,059			5,878			6,144
Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs	3,937			2,114			9,845			8,662			3,267			3,622			6,548			6,411
Other expenses													354			386			759			786
	45,574			47,127			135,824			143,348			47,022			48,502			96,221			95,983
Gross profit	15,480			17,114			57,239			58,127			16,825			19,250			41,013			40,850
Corporate costs and expenses:
General, administrative and other	6,134			6,344			19,549			19,342			6,380			5,692			12,998			11,304
Home office depreciation and amortization	401			505			1,155			1,412			464			369			907			758
	6,535			6,849			20,704			20,754			6,844			6,061			13,905			12,062
Operating income	8,945			10,265			36,535			37,373			9,981			13,189			27,108			28,788
Interest expense	(3,282		)	(6,285		)	(9,517		)	(14,763		)	(4,743		)	(6,296		)	(8,478		)	(12,624		)
Accretion of discount on convertible subordinated notes	(1,097		)	(246		)	(3,200		)	(1,961		)	(555		)	(60		)	(1,715		)	(117		)
Net loss on early extinguishment of debt	—			—			—			(936		)	(936		)	—			(936		)	—
Other, net	(6		)	(347		)	(3		)	(345		)	—			175			2			162
Income before income taxes	4,560			3,387			23,815			19,368			3,747			7,008			15,981			16,209
Provision for income taxes	(1,824		)	(1,028		)	(9,526		)	(5,423		)	(1,030		)	(2,043		)	(4,395		)	(4,620		)
Tax adjustment related to certain discrete items	302			(159		)	243			358			30			(103		)	517			(202		)
Total provision for income taxes	(1,522		)	(1,187		)	(9,283		)	(5,065		)	(1,000		)	(2,146		)	(3,878		)	(4,822		)
Net income	$	3,038		$	2,200		$	14,532		$	14,303		$	2,747		$	4,862		$	12,103		$	11,387

Basic earnings per common share:	$	0.18		$	0.11		$	0.87		$	0.80		$	0.15		$	0.27		$	0.71		$	0.63
Diluted earnings per common share:	$	0.17		$	0.11		$	0.81		$	0.78		$	0.15		$	0.27		$	0.67		$	0.63

Dividends declared per common share	$	0.050		$	0.075		$	0.150		$	0.225
Dividends declared per common share:													$	0.075		$	0.075		$	0.150		$	0.150

Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding:
Basic	16,476			19,060			16,575			17,701			17,916			17,959			17,010			18,008
Diluted	17,598			19,161			17,887			18,273			18,245			17,988			17,924			18,043

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited and in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2018			2018			2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	14,532		$	14,303		$	12,103		$	11,387
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	11,874			13,100			8,584			8,920
Provision for losses on accounts receivable	1,737			1,511			883			724
Stock-based compensation expense	2,394			2,924			2,009			1,103
Deferred income tax expense	1,215			3,547			2,044			1,309
Amortization of deferred financing costs	614			420			320			189
Amortization of capitalized commissions on preneed contracts	—			449			293			277
Accretion of discount on convertible subordinated notes	3,200			1,961			1,715			117
Amortization of debt discount on senior notes	—			154			38			242
Net loss on early extinguishment of debt	—			936			936			—
Net loss on sale and disposal of other assets	341			408			45			168
Other							145			121

Changes in operating assets and liabilities that provided (required) cash:
Changes in operating assets and liabilities that provided (used) cash:
Accounts and preneed receivables	(2,594		)	(3,010		)	(779		)	(1,116		)
Inventories and other current assets	2,356			(1,911		)
Inventories, prepaid and other current assets							(1,139		)	1,446
Intangible and other non-current assets	340			(345		)	(102		)	(212		)
Preneed funeral and cemetery trust investments	(5,114		)	4,419			(5,986		)	(5,033		)
Accounts payable	(3,510		)	(735		)	(758		)	(3,156		)
Accrued and other liabilities	(2,790		)	3,761			(964		)	61
Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery revenue	2,098			6,292			2,007			863
Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery receipts held in trust	4,132			(9,467		)	4,887			4,502
Net cash provided by operating activities	30,825			38,717			26,281			21,912

Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition and land for new construction	(723		)	(37,970		)
Net proceeds from the sale of other assets	405			—			—			100
Capital expenditures	(13,129		)	(9,037		)	(5,080		)	(8,654		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(13,447		)	(47,007		)	(5,080		)	(8,554		)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments against the term loan	(8,438		)	(127,500		)	(127,500		)	—
Borrowings from the revolving credit facility	75,100			96,000
Payments against the revolving credit facility	(67,300		)	(188,000		)
Borrowings from the credit facility							96,000			23,300
Payments against the credit facility							(188,000		)	(25,800		)
Payment of debt issuance costs related to long-term debt	—			(1,551		)	(1,551		)	—
Redemption of the 2.75% convertible subordinated notes	—			(75,229		)	(75,229		)	(27		)
Payment of transaction costs related to the redemption of the 2.75% convertible subordinated notes	—			(845		)	(845		)	—
Proceeds from the issuance of the 6.625% senior notes	—			320,125			320,125			—
Payments of debt issuance costs related to the 6.625% senior notes	—			(1,367		)	(1,367		)	—
Payments on other long-term debt and obligations under capital leases	(1,084		)	(1,031		)
Payments on other long-term debt and obligations under finance leases							(828		)	(910		)
Payments on contingent consideration recorded at acquisition date	(101		)	(138		)	(138		)	(162		)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan contributions	1,296			1,075			846			942
Taxes paid on restricted stock vestings and exercise of non-qualified options	(509		)	(651		)	(495		)	(179		)
Dividends paid on common stock	(2,503		)	(4,076		)	(2,640		)	(2,725		)
Purchase of treasury stock	(16,366		)	—			—			(7,756		)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(19,905		)	16,812			18,378			(13,317		)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(2,527		)	8,522
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents							39,579			41
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	3,286			952			952			644
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	759		$	9,474		$	40,531		$	685

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(unaudited and in thousands)



	Shares Outstanding		Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Total
Balance – December 31, 2017	16,098		$	226	$	216,158		$	57,904	$	(76,632	)	$	197,656
Effect of adoption of topic 606	—		—		—			2,131		—			2,131
Balance – January 1, 2018	16,098		$	226	$	216,158		$	60,035	$	(76,632	)	$	199,787
Net income	—		—		—			9,356		—			9,356
Issuance of shares	91		1		307			—		—			308
Exercise of stock options	112		1		319			—		—			320
Cancellation and retirement of restricted common stock and stock options	(15	)	—		(296		)	—		—			(296		)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		1,100			—		—			1,100
Dividends on common stock	—		—		(1,207		)	—		—			(1,207		)
Other	6		—		145			—		—			145
Balance – March 31, 2018	16,292		$	228	$	216,526		$	69,391	$	(76,632	)	$	209,513
Net income	—		—		—			2,747		—			2,747
Issuance of shares	13		—		220			—		—			220
Exercise of stock options	27		1		(197		)	—		—			(196		)
Cancellation and retirement of restricted common stock and stock options	(2	)	—		(4		)	—		—			(4		)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		909			—		—			909
Dividends on common stock	—		—		(1,433		)	—		—			(1,433		)
Convertible notes exchange	2,823		28		28,194			—		—			28,222
Balance – June 30, 2018	19,153		$	257	$	244,215		$	72,138	$	(76,632	)	$	239,978

CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(unaudited and in thousands)



	Shares Outstanding		Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Total
Balance – December 31, 2018	18,078		$	257	$	243,849		$	71,680	$	(94,294	)	$	221,492
Net income	—		—		—			6,525		—			6,525
Issuance of shares	48		—		275			—		—			275
Exercise of stock options	71		1		471			—		—			472
Cancellation and retirement of restricted common stock and stock options	(9	)	—		(174		)	—		—			(174		)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		585			—		—			585
Dividends on common stock	—		—		(1,360		)	—		—			(1,360		)
Other	15		—		294			—		—			294
Balance – March 31, 2019	18,203		$	258	$	243,940		$	78,205	$	(94,294	)	$	228,109
Net income	—		—		—			4,862		—			4,862
Issuance of shares	17		—		197			—		—			197
Cancellation and retirement of restricted common stock and stock options	(8	)	—		(5		)	—		—			(5		)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		518			—		—			518
Dividends on common stock	—		—		(1,365		)	—		—			(1,365		)
Treasury stock acquired	(400	)	—		—			—		(7,756		)	(7,756		)
Balance – June 30, 2019	17,812		$	258	$	243,285		$	83,067	$	(102,050	)	$	224,560

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1.BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company

Carriage Services, Inc. (“Carriage,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a leading U.S. provider of funeral and cemetery services and merchandise. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, we operated ~~182~~181 funeral homes in 29 states and 29 cemeteries in 11 states. Our operations are reported in two business segments: Funeral Home Operations, which currently account for approximately ~~78%~~80% of our ~~revenues~~revenue and Cemetery Operations, which currently account for approximately ~~22%~~20% of our ~~revenues.~~revenue.

Our funeral homes offer a complete range of high value personal services to meet a family’s funeral needs, including consultation, the removal and preparation of remains, the sale of caskets and related funeral merchandise, the use of funeral home facilities for visitation and remembrance services and transportation services. Our cemeteries provide interment rights (grave sites and mausoleum spaces) and related merchandise, such as markers and outer burial containers. We market funeral and cemetery services and products on both an “atneed” (time of death) and “preneed” (planned prior to death) basis.

Principles of Consolidation and Interim Condensed Disclosures

Our unaudited consolidated financial statements include the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Our interim consolidated financial statements are unaudited but include all adjustments, which consist of normal, recurring accruals, that are necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position and results of operations as of and for the interim periods presented. Our unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in a manner consistent with the accounting principles described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017~~2018 unless otherwise disclosed herein, and should be read in conjunction therewith.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period financial ~~statements~~statement presentation with no effect on our previously reported results of operations, consolidated financial position, or cash flows.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, ~~revenues~~revenue and expenses. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, realization of accounts receivable, goodwill, intangible assets, property and equipment and deferred tax assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience, third-party data and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these considerations form the basis for making judgments about the amount and timing of ~~revenues~~revenue and expenses, the carrying value of assets and the recorded amounts of liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates and such estimates may change if the underlying conditions or assumptions change. Historical performance should not be viewed as indicative of future performance, as there can be no assurance that our results of operations will be consistent from year to year.

Revenue Recognition - Funeral Home Operations

Our funeral home operations are principally service businesses that generate ~~revenues~~revenue from sales of burial and cremation services and related merchandise, such as caskets and urns. Funeral services include consultation, the removal and preparation of remains, the use of funeral home facilities for visitation and remembrance services and transportation services. We provide funeral services and products on both an atneed and preneed basis.

Funeral arrangements sold at the time of death are referred to as atneed funeral contracts. ~~We record~~The performance obligation on these atneed contracts for both merchandise and services are bundled as a single performance obligation, as the ~~revenue~~performance of these obligations occur within a short time frame (usually within a few days) from ~~atneed funeral contracts when the merchandise is delivered or the service is performed. Merchandise delivery and service performance generally takes place shortly after~~ the time of ~~need.~~death to the funeral service. Although our performance activities are transferred in sequence such as, embalming the body, delivering the casket, obtaining service related items like flowers and performing the service, these are all essential to satisfy our contractual obligation to the customer, thus, bundled into a single performance obligation. Revenue is recognized on the date of funeral service, as all performance obligations

have been satisfied. Payment is due at or before time of transfer. Outstanding balances due from customers, if any, on atneed funeral contracts are included in Accounts receivable on our Consolidated Balance ~~Sheets~~Sheet..

The performance obligation is satisfied at the date of the service or the delivery of the merchandise as control has transferred to the customer and the benefit has concluded in the following manner:

we have the right to payment;

the customer has title to merchandise;

the deceased has used the merchandise or has been a part of the service; and

the customer directed the use of the merchandise or the plan of the service.

Funeral arrangements sold prior to death occurring are referred to as preneed funeral contracts. In many instances, the customer pays for the preneed contract over a period of time. For preneed funeral merchandise and service contracts, the performance obligation occurs at the time of need (when death occurs) and revenue is recognized on the date of delivery of merchandise or performance of service. We do not deliver merchandise on preneed contracts or provide service prior to the time of death. The performance obligation for preneed funeral contracts is similar to the elements of the performance obligation of atneed funeral contracts. For preneed funeral services, all preneed funeral contracts are re-written upon the date of death as an atneed contract. The performance obligation is satisfied at the date of the service.

The performance of a preneed funeral contract is secured by placing the funds

collected, less amounts that we may retain under state regulations, in trust for the benefit of the customer or by the customer's purchase of a life insurance policy, the proceeds of which will pay for such services at the time of need. These methods are intended to fund preneed funeral contracts, cover the original contract price and generally include an element of growth (earnings) designed to offset future inflationary cost increases.

Revenue from preneed funeral contracts, along with accumulated earnings, is deferred until the time the merchandise is delivered or the service is performed. The principal and accumulated earnings of the trusts are withdrawn at maturity (death) or cancellation. The cumulative trust income earned and the increases in insurance benefits on the insurance products are recognized when the service is performed. The amounts deposited in trusts that we control are included in the non-current asset section of our Consolidated Balance ~~Sheets. Beginning January 1, 2018, balances~~Sheet. Balances due on undelivered preneed funeral trust contracts have been reclassified to reduce Deferred preneed funeral revenue on our Consolidated Balance Sheet, as noted in our table of Deferred Revenue in Note 63 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. ~~See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information related to our adoption of the new revenue recognition standard on January 1, 2018.~~

The earnings from our preneed funeral trust investments, as well as trust management fees charged by our wholly-owned registered investment advisory firm (“CSV RIA”) are recorded as ~~Preneed trust earnings - funeral~~Other revenue, as noted in our table of disaggregated ~~revenues~~revenue in Note 63 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, CSV RIA provided these services to one institution, which has custody of ~~75%~~approximately 77% of our trust assets, for a fee based on the market value of trust assets. Under state trust laws, we are allowed to charge the trust a fee for advising on the investment of the trust assets and these fees are recognized as income in the period in which services are provided.

When preneed funeral contracts are funded through third-party insurance policies, we earn a commission on the sale of the policies. Insurance commissions are ~~recorded~~subject to refund (charge-back) if the preneed policy is cancelled within a year or if there is an imminent death of beneficiary before the first year anniversary of the policy. We record these insurance commissions as ~~Preneed funeral commission income~~Other revenue, as noted in our table of disaggregated ~~revenues~~revenue in Note 63 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein, ~~at the point at which~~when the commission is no longer subject to refund, which is typically one year after the policy is issued. All selling costs incurred pursuant to the sale of the insurance funded preneed contracts are expensed as incurred. Preneed funeral contracts to be funded at maturity by third-party insurance policies totaled ~~$371.5~~$388.2 million at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and are not ~~included~~recorded on our Consolidated Balance ~~Sheets.~~Sheet.

~~See Note 6~~Generally, at the time of the sale of either the preneed insurance or preneed trust contract, the intent is that the beneficiary has made a commitment to assign the ~~Consolidated Financial Statements included herein~~proceeds to us for ~~additional information~~the fulfillment of the service and merchandise obligations on ~~our revenues.~~the preneed contract at the time of need. However, this commitment is revocable and the proceeds from the policy are portable, so the customer can choose to use an alternative provider at the time of need.

Revenue Recognition - Cemetery Operations

Our cemetery operations generate ~~revenues~~revenue primarily through sales of cemetery interment rights (primarily grave sites, lawn crypts, mausoleum spaces and niches), related cemetery merchandise (such as outer burial containers, memorial markers and floral placements) and services (interments, inurnments and installation of cemetery merchandise). We provide cemetery services and products on both an atneed and preneed basis.

Cemetery arrangements sold at the time of death are referred to as atneed cemetery contracts. ~~We record~~The performance obligation on these atneed contracts for cemetery property, merchandise and services are distinct. The performance obligations from the time of death to the disposition of the remains, include delivering cemetery property, unearthing the ground, interring remains and

installing merchandise on the cemetery grounds. Each item on the contract is recognized as a distinct good or service. The performance obligation is satisfied and revenue ~~from atneed~~is recognized on the purchase date of the interment right, on the date of the cemetery ~~contracts when~~service, and on the ~~product is delivered or~~date of delivery of the ~~service is performed.~~merchandise (set on cemetery grounds). Payment is due at or before time of transfer. Outstanding balances due from customers, if any, on completed atneed contracts are included in Accounts receivable on our Consolidated Balance ~~Sheet~~Sheet..

The performance obligation is satisfied at the date of the service, the purchase of the interment right or the delivery of the merchandise as control has transferred to the customer and the benefit has concluded in the following manner:

we have the right to payment;

the customer has title to merchandise;

the deceased has used the merchandise or has been a part of the service; and

the customer directed the use of the merchandise or the plan of the service.

Cemetery arrangements sold prior to death occurring are referred to as preneed cemetery contracts. ~~Preneed~~For preneed cemetery ~~contracts are usually financed through interest-bearing installment sales contracts, generally with terms~~interment rights, the performance obligation is the sale of ~~up to five years. In substantially all cases, we receive an initial down payment~~the interment right and revenue is recognized at the time the contract is signed.

~~We record revenue on the sales~~ Control of cemetery ~~property~~ interment rights atis transferred to the ~~time~~customer upon execution of the contract ~~is signed. Customers~~as customers select a specific location and space for their interment right, thus, restricting us from other use or transfer of the contracted cemetery property. The interment right is deeded to the customer when the contract is paid in full. ~~Revenue from~~

For preneed ~~sales of~~ cemetery merchandise and ~~services~~service, the performance obligation occurs at the time of need (when death occurs) and revenue is recognized on the date of delivery of merchandise or performance of service. We do not deliver merchandise on preneed contracts ~~along~~or provide service prior to the time of death. The performance obligation for preneed cemetery merchandise and service is similar to the elements of the performance obligation of atneed cemetery merchandise and service.

Preneed cemetery contracts are usually financed through interest-bearing installment sales contracts, generally with ~~accumulated earnings,~~terms of up to five years. In substantially all cases, we receive an initial down payment at the time the contract is signed. Earnings on these installment contracts are not recognized until the time the merchandise is transferred or the service is ~~performed. Earnings on these installment contracts~~performed and are recorded as ~~Preneed cemetery finance charges~~Other revenue, as noted in our table of disaggregated ~~revenues~~revenue in Note 63 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

The performance of the preneed cemetery contracts is secured by placing the funds collected, less amounts that we may retain under state regulations, in trust for the benefit of the customer, the proceeds of which will pay for such services at the time of need. This method is intended to fund preneed contracts, cover the original contract price and generally include an element of growth (earnings) designed to offset future inflationary cost increases. The amounts deposited in trusts that we control are included in the non-current asset section of our Consolidated Balance ~~Sheets.~~Sheet. The earnings from preneed cemetery contracts placed in trust, as well as the trust management fees charged by our CSV RIA are recorded as ~~Preneed trust earnings - cemetery~~Other revenue, as noted in our table of disaggregated ~~revenues~~revenue in Note 63 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

Balances due from customers on delivered preneed cemetery contracts are included in Accounts receivable, net and Preneed receivables, net on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. ~~Beginning January 1, 2018, balances~~Balances due on undelivered preneed cemetery contracts have been reclassified to reduce Deferred preneed cemetery revenue on our Consolidated Balance Sheet, as noted in our table of Deferred Revenue in Note 63 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. ~~See Note 2~~

We sell memorialization merchandise and personalized marker merchandise, such as urns and markers that are supplied by a small number of national providers. We order the memorialized merchandise through a third-party on behalf of our customer. The merchandise and its memorialization is provided by the third-party. We deliver the merchandise after the time of death to the ~~Consolidated Financial~~

~~Statements included herein for additional information related to our adoption~~customer upon completion of the ~~new revenue recognition standard~~memorialization or we set the merchandise on ~~January 1, 2018.~~our cemetery grounds.

Cemetery property was $75.0 million and $75.4 million, net of accumulated amortization of $37.7 million and $39.7 million at December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2019, respectively. Interment right costs, which include real property and other costs related to cemetery development, are expensed using the specific identification method in the period in which the sale of the interment right is recognized as revenue. We recorded amortization expense for cemetery interment rights of ~~approximately~~ $0.9 million and ~~$1.0~~$1.2 million for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively and ~~approximately $2.4~~$1.8 million and ~~$2.8~~$2.0 million for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

See Note 63 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information on our ~~revenues.~~revenue.

Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations

Some of our contracts with customers include multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, we allocate transaction price to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price, which is based on prices charged to customers per our general price list. Packages for service and ancillary items are offered to help the customer make decisions during emotional/stressful times. Package discounts are reflected net in ~~Revenues~~Revenue. We recognize revenue when the merchandise is transferred or the service is performed, in satisfaction of the corresponding performance obligation. Sales taxes collected are recognized on a net basis in our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Preneed Funeral and Cemetery Trust Funds

Our preneed and perpetual care trust funds are reported in accordance with the principles of consolidating Variable Interest Entities (“VIE’s”). In the case of preneed trusts, the customers are the legal beneficiaries. In the case of perpetual care trusts, we do not have a right to access the corpus in the perpetual care trusts. We have recognized financial interests of third parties in the trust funds in our financial statements as Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery receipts held in trust and Care trusts’ corpus. The investments of such trust funds are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair market value; therefore, the unrealized gains and losses, as well as accumulated and undistributed income and realized gains and losses are recorded to Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery receipts held in trust and Care trusts’ corpus on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Our future obligations to deliver merchandise and services are reported at estimated settlement amounts. Preneed funeral and cemetery trust investments are reduced by the trust investment earnings that we have been allowed to withdraw in certain states prior to maturity. These earnings, along with preneed contract collections not required to be placed in trust, are recorded in Deferred preneed funeral revenue and Deferred preneed cemetery revenue until the service is performed or the merchandise is delivered.

In accordance with respective state laws, we are required to deposit a specified amount into perpetual and memorial care trust funds for each interment right and certain memorials sold. Income from the trust funds is distributed to us and used to provide for the care and maintenance of the cemeteries and mausoleums. Such trust fund income is recognized as revenue when realized by the trust and distributable to us. We are restricted from withdrawing any of the principal balances of these funds.

An enterprise is required to perform an analysis to determine whether the enterprise’s variable interest(s) give it a controlling financial interest in a VIE. This analysis identifies the primary beneficiary of a VIE as the enterprise that has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses of the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Our analysis continues to support our position as the primary beneficiary in the majority of our funeral and cemetery trust funds.

We determine whether or not the assets in the preneed trusts have an other-than-temporary impairment on a security-by-security basis. This assessment is made based upon a number of criteria including the length of time a security has been in a loss position, changes in market conditions and concerns related to the specific issuer. If a loss is considered to be other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the security is adjusted downward to its fair market value. Any reduction in the cost basis of the investment due to an other-than-temporary impairment is likewise recorded as a reduction to Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery receipts held in trust and Care trusts’ corpus on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. There will be no impact on earnings unless and until such time that the investment is withdrawn from the trust in accordance with state regulations at an amount that is less than its original basis.

See Notes 4, 5 and 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements herein for additional information related to our trust funds.

Allowances for bad debts and customer cancellations

Our funeral receivables recorded in Accounts Receivable, net primarily consist of amounts due for funeral services already performed which ~~were~~was $8.5 million and ~~$7.3~~$7.8 million at December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. We estimate an allowance for doubtful accounts on these receivables based on our historical experience, which amounted to ~~2.5%~~2.2% and 2.6% of funeral receivables at ~~both~~ December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019, respectively. In addition, our other funeral receivables not related to funeral services performed were ~~$0.8~~$0.7 million and ~~$0.6~~$0.5 million at December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

Our cemetery financed receivables totaled ~~$40.5~~$37.2 million and ~~$37.3~~$38.8 million at December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. The unearned finance charges associated with these receivables were ~~$5.7~~$4.6 million and $4.7 million at December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. If a preneed contract is canceled prior to delivery, state law determines the amount of the refund owed to the customer. Allowances for bad debts and customer cancellations on cemetery financed receivables are provided at the date that the sale is recognized as revenue and are based on our historical experience. We also monitor changes in delinquency rates and provide additional bad debt and cancellation reserves when warranted. We have a collections policy where past due notifications are sent to the customer beginning at 15 days past due and periodically thereafter until the contract is cancelled or payment is received. We reserve 100% of the receivables on contracts in which the revenue has been recognized and payments are 90 days past due or more, which was approximately ~~4.9%~~4.6% and 3.9% of the total receivables at ~~both~~ December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~

2019, respectively. See Note 85 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information on cemetery financed receivables.

Our cemetery receivables recorded in Accounts Receivable, net also include ~~approximately $1.3 million and $1.4~~$1.8 million related to perpetual care income receivables at December 31, ~~2017 and September~~2018. There were no receivables related to perpetual care income at June 30, ~~2018, respectively.~~2019. See Note 107 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information on our perpetual care trust investments.

Accounts receivable ~~was~~is comprised of the following at December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 (in thousands):


	December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018		December 31, 2018		June 30, 2019
Funeral receivables, net of allowance for bad debt of $213 and $186, respectively	$	9,061	$	7,740
Cemetery receivables, net of allowance for bad debt of $622 and $579, respectively	10,331		9,110
Funeral receivables, net of allowance for bad debt of $189 and $205, respectively					$	9,002	$	8,118
Cemetery receivables, net of allowance for bad debt of $580 and $554, respectively					9,688		8,453
Other receivables	263		217		207		223
Accounts receivable, net	$	19,655	$	17,067	$	18,897	$	16,794

~~Non-current preneed~~Cemetery receivables recorded in Preneed Receivables, net represent payments expected to be received beyond one year from the balance sheet date. Preneed receivables, ~~were~~net are comprised of the following at December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 (in thousands):

December 31, 2017 September 30, 2018
Funeral receivables, net of allowance for bad debt of $882 $ 7,934
$ —
Cemetery receivables, net of allowance for bad debt of $1,396 and $1,286, respectively 23,710
18,510
Preneed receivables, net $ 31,644
$ 18,510



	December 31, 2018			June 30, 2019
Cemetery preneed receivables	$	25,568		$	26,477
Less: unearned finance charges	(2,821		)	(2,811		)
Less: allowance for bad debt and contract cancellation	(1,228		)	(1,138		)
Less: balances due on undelivered cemetery preneed contracts	(3,078		)	(3,070		)
Preneed receivables, net	$	18,441		$	19,458

Bad debt expense totaled ~~approximately $0.6~~$0.4 million for both the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017 and~~ 2018 and ~~approximately $1.7~~2019 and $0.9 million and ~~$1.5~~$0.7 million for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

Capitalized Commissions on Preneed Contracts

~~Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”),~~ ~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),~~ ~~which impacted our accounting for incremental selling costs, primarily commission costs, related to preneed cemetery merchandise and services and preneed funeral trust contracts.~~

~~Upon adoption of Topic 606, we~~We capitalize sales commissions and other direct selling costs related to preneed cemetery merchandise and services and preneed funeral trust contracts as these costs are incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. ~~We recorded a cumulative net adjustment of approximately $2.1 million to~~ ~~Retained earnings~~ ~~on our opening Consolidated Balance Sheets on January 1, 2018~~. ~~See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information regarding our opening balance sheet adjustment.~~ Our capitalized commissions on preneed contracts are amortized on a straight-line basis over the average maturity period for our preneed cemetery merchandise and services contracts and preneed funeral trust contracts, of eight and ten years, respectively. Amortization expense totaled approximately ~~$156,000~~$144,000 and $139,000 for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2018 and ~~$449,000~~2019, respectively and $293,000 and $277,000 for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September 30, 2018. There were no impairment losses recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.~~

~~On September~~June 30, 2018 ~~our management agreement with a Florida municipality expired~~ and as a result, we ceased to operate three of our cemetery businesses. We recorded a loss of approximately $125,000 for the write-off of capitalized commissions related to these three cemetery businesses, which was included in loss recorded for the expired management agreement and recorded in ~~Other, net~~.2019, respectively.

The selling costs related to the sales of cemetery interment rights, which include real property and other costs related to cemetery development activities, continue to be expensed using the specific identification method in the period in which the sale of the cemetery interment right is recognized as revenue. The selling costs related to preneed funeral insurance contracts continue to be expensed in the period incurred as these contracts are not included on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

See Note 29 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information related to our ~~adoption~~capitalized commissions on preneed contracts.

Leases

We have operating and finance leases. We lease certain office facilities, certain funeral homes and equipment under operating leases with original terms ranging from one to nineteen years. Many leases include one or more options to renew, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 26 years. We lease certain funeral homes under finance leases with original terms ranging from ten to forty years. We do not have lease agreements with residual value guarantees, sale-leaseback terms, material restrictive covenants or related parties. We do not have any material sublease arrangements.

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception based on the facts and circumstances of the ~~new revenue recognition standard~~agreement. A right-of-use (“ROU”) asset represents our right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and the lease liability represents our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized on ~~January 1, 2018.~~our Consolidated Balance Sheet at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As our leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The lease terms used to calculate the ROU asset and related lease liability include options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as an operating expense, while the expense for finance leases (formerly

capital leases) is recognized as depreciation expense and interest expense using the accelerated interest method of recognition. Variable lease payment amounts that cannot be determined at the commencement of the lease such as increases in lease payments based on changes in index rates or usage, are not included in the ROU assets or liabilities. These are expensed as incurred and recorded as variable lease expense. We have real estate lease agreements which require payments for lease and non-lease components and account for these as a single lease component. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less, that do not include an option to renew the underlying asset, are not recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheet and expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Operating lease ROU assets are included in Operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities are included in Current portion of operating lease obligations and Obligations under operating leases, net of current portion on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Finance lease ROU assets are included in Property, plant and equipment, net and finance lease liabilities are included in Current portion of finance lease obligations and Obligations under finance leases, net of current portion on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

See ~~Note 12~~Notes 2 and 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information ~~regarding~~related to our ~~capitalized commissions on preneed contracts.~~

~~See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information regarding the expired management agreement for these three cemetery businesses.~~Leases.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment (including equipment under ~~capital leases)~~finance leases ) are stated at cost. The ~~costs~~cost of ordinary maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred, while renewals and major replacements that extend the useful economic life of the asset are capitalized. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment (including equipment under ~~capital~~finance leases) is computed based on the straight-line method.

Property, plant and equipment ~~was~~is comprised of the following at December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 (in thousands):


	December 31, 2017			September 30, 2018			December 31, 2018			June 30, 2019
Land	$	74,981		$	81,011		$	81,012		$	80,901
Buildings and improvements	211,934			223,046			223,646			227,080
Furniture, equipment and automobiles	76,155			79,973			81,125			83,072
Property, plant and equipment, at cost	363,070			384,030			385,783			391,053
Less: accumulated depreciation	(115,776		)	(122,465		)	(124,945		)	(131,218		)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	247,294		$	261,565		$	260,838		$	259,835

We recorded depreciation expense of approximately ~~$3.1~~$3.5 million and ~~$3.6~~$3.4 million for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively and approximately ~~$9.4~~$6.8 million and ~~$10.3~~$6.9 million for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. ~~During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we acquired real estate for $0.7 million for a funeral home parking lot expansion project.~~

Goodwill

The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets of funeral home businesses acquired is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill has primarily been recorded in connection with the acquisition of funeral home businesses. Goodwill has an indefinite life and is not subject to amortization. As such, we test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis. Our intent is to perform a quantitative impairment test at least once every three years unless certain indicators or events suggest otherwise and perform a qualitative assessment during the remaining two years.

We ~~performed~~perform our ~~2018~~ annual goodwill impairment test ~~using information~~ as of August 31 ~~2018.~~^st each year. Under current guidance, we are permitted to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more-likely-than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test. For our 2018 annual impairment test, we performed a qualitative assessment and determined that there were no factors that would indicate the need to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test and concluded that it is more-likely-than not that the fair value of our reporting units is greater than their carrying value and thus there was no impairment to goodwill.

See Part II, Item 7, Overview of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates and Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 1, to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, for a discussion of the methodology used for the quantitative goodwill impairment test.

In addition to our annual review, we assess the impairment of goodwill whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a reporting unit may be greater than fair value. Factors that could trigger an interim impairment review include, but are not limited to, significant adverse changes in the business climate, which may be indicated by a decline in our market capitalization or decline in operating results. No such events or changes occurred between our testing date and reporting period to trigger a subsequent impairment review. No impairments were recorded to our goodwill during the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018.~~2019.

Intangible Assets

Our intangible assets include tradenames resulting from acquisitions and are included in Intangible and other non-current assets, net on our Consolidated Balance ~~Sheets.~~Sheet. Our tradenames are considered to have an indefinite life and are not subject to amortization. As such, we test our intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis. Our intent is to perform a quantitative impairment test at least once every three years unless certain indicators or events suggest otherwise and perform a qualitative assessment during the remaining two years.

We ~~performed~~perform our ~~2018~~ annual intangible assets impairment test ~~using information~~ as of August 31 ~~2018.~~^st each year. Under current guidance, we are permitted to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more-likely-than not that the fair value of the tradename is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test. For our 2018 annual impairment test, we performed a qualitative assessment and determined that there were no factors that would indicate the need to perform a quantitative impairment test and concluded that it is more-likely-than not that the fair value of our intangible assets is greater than its carrying value and thus there was no impairment to our intangible assets.

In addition to our annual review, we assess the impairment of intangible assets whenever certain events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the intangible asset may be greater than the fair value. Factors that could trigger an interim impairment review include, but are not limited to, significant under-performance relative to historical or projected future operating results and significant negative industry or economic trends. No impairments were recorded to our intangible assets during the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018.~~2019.

Stock Plans and Stock-Based Compensation

We have stock-based employee and director compensation plans under which we grant restricted stock, stock options and performance awards. We also have an employee stock purchase plan (the “ESPP”). We recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of the stock-based awards expected to vest or to be purchased over the requisite service period.

Fair value is determined on the date of the grant. The fair value of restricted stock is determined using the stock price on the grant date. The fair value of options or awards containing options is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The fair value of the performance awards related to market performance is determined using a Monte-Carlo simulation pricing model. The fair value of the performance awards related to internal performance metrics is determined using the stock price on the grant date. The fair value of the ESPP is determined based on the discount element offered to employees and the embedded option element, which is determined using an option calculation model.

See Note 1615 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information onrelated to our stock-based compensation plans.

Income Taxes

We and our subsidiaries file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return, separate income tax returns in 1615 states in which we operate and combined or unitary income tax returns in 1314 states in which we operate. We record deferred taxes for temporary differences between the tax basis and financial reporting basis of assets and liabilities.

We record a valuation allowance to reflect the estimated amount of deferred tax assets for which realization is uncertain. Management reviews the valuation allowance at the end of each quarter and makes adjustments if it is determined that it is ~~more-likely-than~~more likely than not that the tax benefits will be realized.

We analyze the tax benefits for uncertain tax positions and how they are to be recognized, measured and derecognized in financial statements; provide certain disclosures of uncertain tax matters; and specify how reserves for uncertain tax positions should be classified on our Consolidated Balance ~~Sheets.~~Sheet.

Income tax expense during interim periods is based on our estimated annual effective income tax rate plus any discrete items, which are recorded in the period in which they occur. Discrete items include, but are not limited to, such events as changes in estimates due to finalization of income tax returns, tax audit settlements, tax effects of exercised or vested stock-based awards and increases or decreases in valuation allowances on deferred tax assets.

Income tax expense was $1.0 million and $2.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively and $3.9 million and $4.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

We recorded income taxes at the estimated effective rate, before discrete items, of ~~40.0%~~27.5% for both the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~approximately 30.3%~~29.2% and ~~28.0%~~28.5% for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. The ~~decrease in the estimated effective tax rate, before~~ discrete items in 2018 compared to 2017 is primarily attributable to the reduction of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate from 35% to 21% resulting from enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “TCJA”). The discrete items

include an income tax benefit related to stock compensation and refunds received from the completion of state income tax audits, income tax expense related to state tax rate changes and other non-material discrete state items.

Income tax expense was approximately $1.5 million and $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2018, respectively and approximately $9.3 million and $5.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

Subsequent Events

Management evaluated events and transactions during the period subsequent to ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 through the date the financial statements were issued for potential recognition or disclosure in the accompanying financial statements covered by this report.

See Note 2019 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information onrelated to our subsequent events.

2.RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

~~Revenue Recognition~~Leases

In ~~May 2014,~~February 2016, the ~~FASB issued ASU,~~ ~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).~~ ~~FASB~~Financial Accounting Standards ~~Codification~~Board (“~~ASC”~~FASB”) issued an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) related to Leases (Topic 842) and subsequent amendments, collectively referred to as (“Topic ~~606 supersedes~~842”) to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring the ~~revenue~~ recognition ~~requirements~~of ROU assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases, included operating leases. The ROU asset represents the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and the lease liability represents the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Finance leases were not impacted by Topic 842, as finance lease liabilities and the corresponding ROU assets were already recorded on the balance sheet under the previous guidance Topic ~~605,~~840, ~~Revenue Recognition~~Leases, and most industry-specific guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the ASC. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Under Topic 606, an entity is required to perform the following five steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Additionally, the guidance requires improved disclosures as to the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue that is recognized..

~~We adopted the provisions of this ASU on~~On January 1, ~~2018~~2019, we adopted Topic 842 using the modified retrospective ~~approach. As such,~~method for all lease arrangements at the ~~comparative information has~~beginning of the period of adoption. Results for reporting periods beginning January 1, 2019 are presented under Topic 842, while prior period amounts have not been ~~restated~~adjusted and ~~continues~~continue to be reported ~~under the accounting standards~~ in ~~effect for those periods.~~

accordance with Topic 606 did not materially affect the accounting for our revenue streams. Revenue from sales of preneed cemetery interment rights was previously recognized in the period in which the customer’s cumulative payments exceeded 10% of the contract price related to the interment right. Under840. While Topic ~~606, we recognize revenue at the time the contract is signed. Customers select~~842 had a specific location and space for their interment right, thus, restricting us from other use or transfer of the contracted cemetery property. The interment right is deeded to the customer when the contract is paid in full. Because we generally receive an initial down payment at the time the contract is signed, there is no significant difference in the timing of revenue recognition under Topic 606, as compared

~~to previous guidance. Revenue from preneed sales of funeral and cemetery merchandise and services continues to be deferred and recognized when the merchandise is delivered or the service is performed.~~

Topic 606 impacted our accounting for incremental selling costs, primarily commission costs, related to preneed cemetery merchandise and services and preneed funeral trust contracts. Under Topic 606, these costs are capitalized and amortized over the average maturity period for our preneed cemetery contracts and preneed funeral trust contracts. Previously, these costs were expensed in the period incurred. Our capitalized commissions on preneed contracts are included in ~~Intangible and other non-current assets~~material impact on our Consolidated Balance ~~Sheets. See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information.~~

~~Topic 606~~Statements of Operations or Cash Flows, or liquidity measures, such as debt covenant ratios. It also impacted our classification of amounts due from customers for undelivered performance obligations. Under Topic 606 amounts due on our preneed funeral trust contracts and preneed cemetery merchandise and services contracts have been reclassified to reduce ~~Deferred preneed funeral revenue~~ ~~and~~ ~~Deferred preneed cemetery revenue, respectively, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. These amounts were previously reported as~~ ~~Accounts receivable~~ ~~and~~ ~~Preneed receivables~~ ~~on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.~~

~~The adoption of the provisions of this ASU~~ did not have a material impact on our effective tax rate for the reporting period. The most significant impact was the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases. For leases that commenced before the effective date of Topic 842, we elected the permitted practical expedients to not reassess the following: (i) whether any expired or existing contracts contain leases; (ii) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (iii) initial direct costs for any existing leases. We also elected to exclude leases with a term of 12 months or less in the recognized ROU assets and lease liabilities. We have real estate lease agreements which require payments for lease and non-lease components and have elected to account for these as a single lease component. We have elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all applicable classes of underlying assets.

~~The following table presents~~On January 1, 2019, we recorded operating lease ROU assets of $16.5 million and operating lease liabilities of $17.3 million, related to our real estate and equipment leases, based on the ~~impact~~present value of the ~~adoption~~future lease payments on the date of ~~Topic 606~~adoption. Our opening operating lease ROU asset balance included prepaid lease expense and lease incentives on our Consolidated Balance Sheet ~~(in thousands):~~

As of September 30, 2018
As Reported Balances Without Adoption of Topic 606 Effect of Change
Assets
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for bad debts $ 17,067
$ 18,457
$ (1,390 )
Preneed receivables, net of allowance for bad debts $ 18,510
$ 29,914
$ (11,404 )
Intangible and other non-current assets $ 2,707
$ —
$ 2,707
Liabilities
Deferred preneed cemetery revenue, net $ 46,156
$ 50,642
$ (4,486 )
Deferred preneed funeral revenue, net $ 28,153
$ 36,461
$ (8,308 )
Deferred tax liability $ 31,694
$ 31,067
$ 627
Stockholders’ equity:
Retained earnings $ 74,338
$ 72,258
$ 2,080

~~The following table presents the impact of the adoption of Topic 606 on our Consolidated Statement of Operations (in thousands, except per share data):~~

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

As
Reported
Balances Without Adoption of Topic 606 Effect of Change
As
Reported
Balances Without Adoption of Topic 606 Effect of Change
Field costs and expenses:
Funeral $ 33,467
$ 33,482
$ (15 ) $ 103,071
$ 103,154
$ (83 )
Cemetery $ 9,649
$ 9,525
$ 124
$ 28,589
$ 28,435
$ 154
Income before income taxes $ 3,387
$ 3,496
$ (109 ) $ 19,368
$ 19,439
$ (71 )
Net income $ 2,200
$ 2,276
$ (76 ) $ 14,303
$ 14,354
$ (51 )

Basic earnings per common share: $ 0.11
$ 0.11
$ —
$ 0.80
$ 0.80
$ —
Diluted earnings per common share: $ 0.11
$ 0.11
$ —
$ 0.78
$ 0.78
$ —

Dividends declared per common share $ 0.075
$ 0.075
$ —
$ 0.225
$ 0.225
$ —

~~The following table presents the impact of the adoption of Topic 606 on our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (in thousands):~~

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

As
Reported
Balances Without Adoption of Topic 606 Effect of Change
As
Reported
Balances Without Adoption of Topic 606 Effect of Change
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of capitalized commissions on preneed contracts $ 281
$ —
$ 281
$ 574
$ —
$ 574
Changes in operating assets and liabilities that provided (required) cash:
Intangible and other non-current assets $ (172 ) $ —
$ (172 ) $ (503 ) $ —
$ (503 )

at December 31, 2018. The cumulative effect of changes made to our opening Consolidated Balance Sheet on January 1, ~~2018~~2019 for the adoption of Topic ~~606 was~~842 is as follows (in thousands):

December 31, 2017 Effect of Adoption of
Topic 606 January 1, 2018
Assets
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for bad debts⁽¹⁾
$ 19,655
$ (1,399 ) $ 18,256
Preneed receivables, net of allowance for bad debts⁽²⁾⁽³⁾
$ 31,644
$ (11,129 ) $ 20,515
Intangible and other non-current assets⁽⁴⁾
$ —
$ 2,778
$ 2,778
$ (9,750 )
Liabilities
Deferred preneed cemetery revenue⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾
$ 54,690
$ (4,594 ) $ 50,096
Deferred preneed funeral revenue⁽³⁾
$ 34,585
$ (7,934 ) $ 26,651
Deferred tax liability⁽⁴⁾
$ 31,159
$ 647
$ 31,806
Stockholders’ equity:
Retained earnings⁽⁴⁾
$ 57,904
$ 2,131
$ 60,035
$ (9,750 )



	December 31, 2018		Effect of Adoption of Topic 842			January 1, 2019
Assets
Prepaid expenses	$	1,456	$	(148	)	$	1,308
Operating lease right-of-use assets	—		16,470			16,470
			$	16,322
Liabilities
Accrued and other liabilities	$	22,644	$	(274	)	$	22,370
Other long-term liabilities	3,133		(692		)	2,441
Current portion of operating lease obligations	—		2,633			2,633
Obligations under operating leases, net of current portion	—		14,655			14,655
			$	16,322

See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for the additional disclosures required by Topic 842.

We have no material leases in which we are the lessor.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Financial Instruments - Credit Losses

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU applies to all entities holding financial assets and net investment in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. The main objective of the ASU is to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. This amendment replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in the current standard with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates.

In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief. The amendments in the ASU provide targeted transition relief that is intended to increase comparability of financial statement information for some entities that otherwise would have measured similar financial instruments using different measurement methodologies. The amendments also decrease costs for some financial statement preparers while providing financial statement users with decision-useful information.

This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with earlier application permitted for all entities. We plan to adopt the provisions of this ASU for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2020 and are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this new accounting standard will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

3.REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

Revenue

Our operations are reported in two business segments: Funeral Home Operations and Cemetery Operations. Revenue, disaggregated by major source for each of our reportable segments is as follows (in thousands):



Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Funeral		Cemetery		Total
Services	$	31,931	$	2,728	$	34,659
Merchandise	18,378		1,953		20,331
Cemetery property	—		8,546		8,546
Other revenue	2,198		2,018		4,216
Total	$	52,507	$	15,245	$	67,752



Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
	Funeral		Cemetery		Total
Services	$	29,023	$	2,949	$	31,972
Merchandise	17,296		2,372		19,668
Cemetery property	—		7,863		7,863
Other revenue	2,213		2,131		4,344
Total	$	48,532	$	15,315	$	63,847



Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Funeral		Cemetery		Total
Services	$	65,908	$	5,403	$	71,311
Merchandise	38,343		3,731		42,074
Cemetery property	—		15,382		15,382
Other revenue	4,419		3,647		8,066
Total	$	108,670	$	28,163	$	136,833



Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
	Funeral		Cemetery		Total
Services	$	64,587	$	6,070	$	70,657
Merchandise	38,014		4,329		42,343
Cemetery property	—		15,372		15,372
Other revenue	4,525		4,337		8,862
Total	$	107,126	$	30,108	$	137,234

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue is presented net of amounts due on undelivered preneed contracts shown below as of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2019 (in thousands):



	December 31, 2018			June 30, 2019
Contract liabilities:
Deferred preneed cemetery revenue	$	50,445		$	50,064
Less: Balances due on undelivered cemetery preneed contracts⁽¹⁾	(4,448		)	(4,524		)
Deferred preneed cemetery revenue, net	$	45,997		$	45,540

Deferred preneed funeral revenue	$	36,912		$	37,566
Less: Balances due on undelivered funeral preneed contracts⁽²⁾	(8,306		)	(8,330		)
Deferred preneed funeral revenue, net	$	28,606		$	29,236




(1)	~~Under Topic 606, receivables represent an entity’s unconditional right to consideration, billed or unbilled. Our balance of accounts receivable, net of allowance for bad debts, of $19.7~~$1.4 million ~~at December 31, 2017, included the current portion of receivables for preneed cemetery merchandise~~ and ~~service contracts totaling $1.4 million. As these amounts represent undelivered performance obligations, they have been reclassified to reduce deferred preneed cemetery revenue on January 1, 2018.~~
~~(2)~~	Under Topic 606, receivables represent an entity’s unconditional right to consideration, billed or unbilled. Our balance of preneed receivables, net of allowance for bad debts, of $31.6 million at December 31, 2017, included the non-current portion of receivables for preneed cemetery merchandise and service contracts totaling $4.6 million. As these amounts represent undelivered performance obligations, they have been reclassified to reduce deferred preneed cemetery revenue on January 1, 2018.
~~(3)~~	Under Topic 606, receivables represent an entity’s unconditional right to consideration, billed or unbilled. Our balance of preneed receivables, net of allowance for bad debts, $31.6 million at December 31, 2017, included the non-current portion of receivables for preneed funeral trust contracts totaling $7.9 million. As these amounts represent undelivered performance obligations, they have been reclassified to reduce deferred preneed funeral revenue on January 1, 2018.
~~(4)~~	Under Topic 606, certain costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer are capitalized. Beginning January 1, 2018, we capitalize selling costs related to undelivered preneed cemetery merchandise and services and preneed funeral trust contracts. Previously, these costs were expensed in the period incurred. We recorded a cumulative adjustment of approximately $2.1 million to our opening ~~Retained earnings,~~ ~~which consisted of a $2.8 million adjustment to our~~ ~~Intangible and other non-current assets~~ ~~and a $0.6 million adjustment to our~~ ~~Deferred tax liability~~ ~~on our Consolidated Balance Sheets on January 1, 2018.~~

~~The following accounting pronouncements were adopted on January 1, 2018 with no impact to our Consolidated Financial Statements:~~

~~Compensation (Topic 718): Stock Compensation – Scope of Modification Accounting~~

The amendments in this ASU provide guidance about which changes to the terms and conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. An entity should account for the effects of a modification unless the fair value, vesting conditions and classification of the modified award are the same as the original award immediately before the award is modified.

~~Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business~~

This ASU applies to all entities that must determine whether they have acquired or sold a business. The amendments in this ASU clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses.

~~Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments~~

This ASU applies to all entities that are required to present a statement of cash flows under Topic 230. The amendments provide guidance on eight specific cash flow issues and includes clarification on how these items should be classified in the statement of cash flows and is designed to help eliminate diversity in practice as to where items are classified in the cash flow statement. In November 2016, the FASB issued additional guidance on this topic that requires amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the statement of cash flows.

~~Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities~~

The amendments in this ASU address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments and apply to all entities that hold financial assets or owe financial liabilities. The amendments in this ASU also simplify the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring assessment for impairment qualitatively at each reporting period. That impairment assessment is similar to the qualitative assessment for long-lived assets, goodwill, and indefinite-lived intangible assets.

~~Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted~~

~~Leases~~

~~In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU,~~ ~~Leases (Topic 842)~~. This ASU addresses certain aspects of recognition, presentation, and disclosure of leases and applies to all entities that enter into a lease, with some specified scope exemptions. The amendments in this ASU aim to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with earlier application permitted for all entities.

~~In July 2018, the FASB issued~~ ~~ASU No. 2018-11 Leases (Topic 842) — Targeted Improvements.~~ The amendments in this Update provide entities with an additional (and optional) transition method to adopt the new leases standard. Under this new transition method, an entity initially applies the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Consequently, an entity’s reporting for the comparative periods presented in the financial statements in which it adopts the new leases standard will continue to be in accordance with current GAAP standards (Topic 840, Leases). An entity that elects this additional (and optional) transition method must provide the required disclosures required under Topic 840 disclosures for all periods that continue to be in accordance with Topic 840. The amendments do not change the existing disclosures in Topic 840 (for example, they do not create interim disclosure requirements that entities previously were not required to provide). We plan to adopt the provisions of this ASU for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2019 and do not expect the adoption of this new accounting standard to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~3. ACQUISITIONS~~

On July 10, 2018, we acquired two funeral home businesses, one in Fredericksburg, Virginia and one in Stafford, Virginia, for $29.2 million in cash. On August 21, 2018, we acquired a funeral home business in Cookeville, Tennessee for $2.8 million in cash. On August 28, 2018, we acquired a funeral home business in Knightdale, North Carolina for $6.0 million in cash.

For these acquisitions, we acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed certain operating liabilities. The pro forma impact of these acquisitions on prior periods is not presented, as the impact is not material to our reported results. The results of the acquired businesses are included in the Company's results from the date of acquisition.

~~The following table summarizes the breakdown of the purchase price allocation for the businesses described above (in thousands):~~

Purchase Price Allocation
Current assets $ 166
Property, plant & equipment 17,543
Goodwill 16,777
Intangible and other non-current assets 3,863
Assumed liabilities (399 )
Purchase price $ 37,950

The intangible and other non-current assets relate to the fair value of tradenames and agreements not-to-compete and the assumed liabilities relate to the obligations associated with certain financed automobiles we acquired.

~~The following table summarizes the fair value of the assets acquired for these businesses (in millions):~~

Acquisition Date Type of Business Market
Assets
Acquired
(Excluding
Goodwill)

Goodwill
Recorded

Liabilities
and Debt
Assumed
July 10, 2018 Two Funeral Homes Fredericksburg/Stafford, VA $ 13.2
$ 16.0
$ —
August 21, 2018 One Funeral Home Cookeville, TN $ 2.5
$ 0.5
$ (0.2 )
August 28, 2018 One Funeral Home Knightdale, NC $ 5.9
$ 0.3
$ (0.2 )

As of September 30, 2018, our accounting for our 2018 acquisitions is complete. See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information on our intangible and other non-current assets.

~~For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we did not acquire any businesses.~~

~~4. GOODWILL~~

Many of the former owners and staff of our acquired funeral homes and certain cemeteries have provided high quality service to families for generations. The resulting loyalty often represents a substantial portion of the value of a business. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets of funeral home businesses acquired is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill has primarily been recorded in connection with the acquisition of funeral home businesses.

~~See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein, for a discussion of the methodology used for our annual goodwill impairment test.~~

~~The following table presents changes in goodwill in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets for the year ended December 31, 2017 and period ended September 30, 2018 (in thousands):~~

December 31, 2017 September 30, 2018
Goodwill at the beginning of year $ 275,487
$ 287,956
Increase in goodwill related to acquisitions 12,469
16,777
Goodwill at the end of the period $ 287,956
$ 304,733

~~5. DIVESTED OPERATIONS~~

~~On September 30, 2018, our management agreement with a Florida municipality expired and as a result, we ceased to operate three of our cemetery businesses.~~

~~The operating results of these three cemetery businesses, as well as the loss recorded for the expired management agreement (in~~ ~~Other, net)~~ ~~are reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Operations as shown in the table below (in thousands):~~

Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 2018
Revenues $ —
$ 4,712
Operating income —
1,130
Loss recorded for the expired management agreement —
(349 )
Income tax provision —
(219 )
Net income for businesses related to the expired management agreement $ —
$ 562

We did not sell any of our funeral home or cemetery businesses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2018. We continually review locations to optimize the sustainable earning power and return on our invested capital. These reviews could entail selling or discontinuing certain non-strategic businesses.

6.~~REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS~~

~~Revenues~~

Our operations are reported in two business segments: Funeral Home Operations and Cemetery Operations. Revenues, disaggregated by major source for each of our reportable segments was as follows (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Funeral Cemetery Total
Services $ 30,231
$ 2,774
$ 33,005
Merchandise 17,525
2,064
19,589
Cemetery interment rights —
7,435
7,435
Revenue from contracts with customers $ 47,756
$ 12,273
$ 60,029

Preneed funeral commission income $ 360
$ —
$ 360
Preneed trust earnings 1,594
1,440
3,034
Preneed trust management fees 133
201
334
Preneed cemetery finance charges —
484
484
Financial revenues 2,087
2,125
4,212
Total Revenues $ 49,843
$ 14,398
$ 64,241

Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
Funeral Cemetery Total
Services $ 28,385
$ 2,803
$ 31,188
Merchandise 17,011
1,932
18,943
Cemetery interment rights —
6,773
6,773
Revenue from contracts with customers $ 45,396
$ 11,508
$ 56,904

Preneed funeral commission income $ 315
$ —
$ 315
Preneed trust earnings 1,481
1,566
3,047
Preneed trust management fees 137
202
339
Preneed cemetery finance charges —
449
449
Financial revenues 1,933
2,217
4,150
Total Revenues $ 47,329
$ 13,725
$ 61,054

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Funeral Cemetery Total
Services $ 94,818
$ 8,850
$ 103,668
Merchandise 55,539
6,386
61,925
Cemetery interment rights —
22,808
22,808
Revenue from contracts with customers $ 150,357
$ 38,044
$ 188,401

Preneed funeral commission income $ 974
$ —
$ 974
Preneed trust earnings 5,236
4,422
9,658
Preneed trust management fees 402
613
1,015
Preneed cemetery finance charges —
1,427
1,427
Financial revenues 6,612
6,462
13,074
Total Revenues $ 156,969
$ 44,506
$ 201,475

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Funeral Cemetery Total
Services $ 90,392
$ 8,734
$ 99,126
Merchandise 53,649
5,936
59,585
Cemetery interment rights —
21,221
21,221
Revenue from contracts with customers $ 144,041
$ 35,891
$ 179,932

Preneed funeral commission income $ 951
$ —
$ 951
Preneed trust earnings 4,875
4,908
9,783
Preneed trust management fees 412
604
1,016
Preneed cemetery finance charges —
1,381
1,381
Financial revenues 6,238
6,893
13,131
Total Revenues $ 150,279
$ 42,784
$ 193,063

~~Deferred Revenue~~

~~Deferred revenue is presented net of amounts due on undelivered preneed contracts shown below as of January 1, 2018 and September 30, 2018 (in thousands):~~

January 1, 2018⁽¹⁾
September 30, 2018
Contract liabilities:
Deferred preneed cemetery revenue $ 54,690
$ 50,642
Less: Balances due on undelivered cemetery preneed contracts⁽²⁾
(4,594 ) (4,486 )
Deferred preneed cemetery revenue, net $ 50,096
$ 46,156

Deferred preneed funeral revenue $ 34,585
$ 36,461
Less: Balances due on undelivered funeral preneed contracts⁽³⁾
(7,934 ) (8,308 )
Deferred preneed funeral revenue, net $ 26,651
$ 28,153




~~(1)~~	~~January 1, 2018 balances have been adjusted to reflect the cumulative effect of changes for the adoption of ASC 606.~~
~~(2)~~	~~In accordance with Topic 606, $1.4~~$1.5 million of cemetery accounts receivables have been reclassified to reduce deferred preneed cemetery revenue at ~~both January 1,~~December 31, 2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018 and $3.2 million~~2019, respectively, and $3.1 million of preneed cemetery receivables have been reclassified to reduce deferred preneed cemetery revenue at ~~January 1,~~both December 31, 2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018, respectively.~~2019.
~~(3)~~(2)	~~In accordance with Topic 606, $7.9 million and $8.3~~$8.3 million of preneed funeral receivables have been reclassified to reduce deferred preneed funeral revenue at ~~January 1,~~both December 31, 2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018, respectively.~~2019.

Our merchandise and service performance obligations related to our preneed contracts are considered fulfilled at the point in time the merchandise is delivered or the burial, cremation or interment service is performed. The transaction price allocated to preneed merchandise and service performance obligations that were unfulfilled at ~~September~~December 31, 2018 and June 30, ~~2018~~2019 was $4.4 million and $4.5 million for preneed cemetery contracts and $8.3 million for preneed funeral ~~contracts.~~contracts for both periods. As these performance obligations are to be completed after the date of death, we cannot quantify the recognition of revenue for any given period. However, we estimate an average maturity period of eight years for preneed cemetery contracts and ten years for preneed funeral contracts.

7.4. PRENEED TRUST INVESTMENTS

Preneed Cemetery Trust Investments

Preneed cemetery trust investments represent trust fund assets that we are permitted to withdraw as merchandise and services are provided to customers. Preneed cemetery contracts are secured by payments from customers, less retained amounts not required to be deposited into trust. Preneed cemetery trust investments can be reduced by the trust earnings we have been allowed to withdraw in certain states prior to our performance.

The components of Preneed cemetery trust investments on our Consolidated Balance ~~Sheets~~Sheet at December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018 were~~2019 are as follows (in thousands):


	December 31, 2017			September 30, 2018			December 31, 2018			June 30, 2019
Preneed cemetery trust investments, at market value	$	75,992		$	72,095		$	64,549		$	72,151
Less: allowance for contract cancellation	(2,139		)	(2,142		)	(2,117		)	(2,181		)
Preneed cemetery trust investments, net	$	73,853		$	69,953		$	62,432		$	69,970

Upon cancellation of a preneed cemetery contract, a customer is generally entitled to receive a refund of the corpus, and in some instances, a portion of all of the earnings held in trust. In certain jurisdictions, we may be obligated to fund any shortfall if the amounts deposited by the customer exceed the funds in trust, including investment income. As a result, when realized or unrealized losses of a trust result in the trust being underfunded, we assess whether we are responsible for replenishing the corpus of the trust, in which case a loss provision is recorded. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, none of our preneed cemetery trust investments were underfunded.

Earnings from our preneed cemetery trust investments are recognized as revenue when a service is performed or merchandise is delivered. Trust management fees charged by CSV RIA are included in revenue in the period in which they are earned.

prices are not available for the specific security, fair values are estimated by using quoted prices of similar securities in active markets or other inputs other than quoted prices that can corroborate observable market data. These investments are fixed income securities, including foreign debt, corporate debt, preferred stocks, mortgage-backed securities and fixed income mutual funds, all of which are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. We review and update our fair value hierarchy classifications quarterly. There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 in the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019. There are no Level 3 investments in the preneed cemetery trust investment portfolio. See Note 118 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for further information on the fair value measurement and the three-level hierarchy.

The cost and fair market values associated with preneed cemetery trust investments at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 are detailed below (in thousands, except percentages):


	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value			Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value
Cash and money market accounts	1	$	10,388	$	—	$	—		$	10,388		1	$	9,544	$	—	$	—		$	9,544
Fixed income securities:
Foreign debt	2	4,353		179		(138		)	4,394			2	5,688		107		(273		)	5,522
Corporate debt	2	16,756		672		(478		)	16,950			2	13,492		603		(526		)	13,569
Preferred stock	2	10,667		54		(490		)	10,231			2	13,188		620		(334		)	13,474
Mortgage-backed securities	2	845		343		(10		)	1,178			2	608		11		(81		)	538
Common stock	1	28,388		3,306		(3,376		)	28,318			1	28,895		2,141		(3,366		)	27,670
Mutual funds:
Fixed Income												2	1,288		37		(58		)	1,267
Trust securities		$	71,397	$	4,554	$	(4,492	)	$	71,459			$	72,703	$	3,519	$	(4,638	)	$	71,584
Accrued investment income		$	636						$	636			$	567						$	567
Preneed cemetery trust investments									$	72,095										$	72,151
Market value as a percentage of cost									100.1		%									98.5		%

The estimated maturities of the fixed income securities included above are as follows (in thousands):


Due in one year or less	$	—	$	—
Due in one to five years	2,775		2,550
Due in five to ten years	5,683		9,014
Thereafter	24,295		21,539
Total	$	32,753	$	33,103

The cost and fair market values associated with preneed cemetery trust investments at December 31, ~~2017~~2018 are detailed below (in thousands, except percentages):


	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value			Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value
Cash and money market accounts	1	$	3,132	$	—	$	—		$	3,132		1	$	16,194	$	—	$	—		$	16,194
Fixed income securities:
Foreign debt	2	4,834		292		(193		)	4,933			2	3,802		43		(511		)	3,334
Corporate debt	2	18,238		1,184		(273		)	19,149			2	13,987		362		(1,026		)	13,323
Preferred stock	2	16,421		510		(588		)	16,343			2	11,068		54		(1,146		)	9,976
Mortgage-backed securities	2	1,018		249		(24		)	1,243			2	666		161		(14		)	813
Common stock	1	26,465		5,250		(2,460		)	29,255			1	24,867		903		(5,436		)	20,334
Mutual funds:
Fixed income	2	1,198		50		(11		)	1,237
Trust securities		$	71,306	$	7,535	$	(3,549	)	$	75,292			$	70,584	$	1,523	$	(8,133	)	$	63,974
Accrued investment income		$	700						$	700			$	575						$	575
Preneed cemetery trust investments									$	75,992										$	64,549
Market value as a percentage of cost									105.6		%									90.6		%

We determine whether or not the assets in the preneed cemetery trust investments have an other-than-temporary impairment on a security-by-security basis. This assessment is made based upon a number of criteria, including the length of time a security

has been in a loss position, changes in market conditions and concerns related to the specific issuer. If a loss is considered to be other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the security is adjusted downward to its fair market value. Any reduction in the cost basis of the investment due to an other-than-temporary impairment is likewise recorded as a reduction in Deferred preneed cemetery receipts held in trust on our Consolidated Balance ~~Sheets.~~Sheet. In the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, we did not record any impairments for other-than-temporary declines in the fair value related to unrealized losses on certain investments. There is no impact on earnings until such time that the loss is realized in the trusts, allocated to preneed contracts and the services are performed or the merchandise is delivered, causing the contract to be withdrawn from the trust in accordance with state regulations.

At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, we had certain investments within our preneed cemetery trust investments that had tax lots in loss positions for more than one year. Based on our analyses of these securities, the companies’ businesses and current market conditions, we determined that these investment losses were temporary in nature.

Our preneed cemetery trust investment unrealized losses, their associated fair market values, and the duration of unrealized losses as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 are shown in the following table (in thousands):


	September 30, 2018															June 30, 2019
	In Loss Position Less than 12 months					In Loss Position Greater than 12 months					Total					In Loss Position Less than 12 months					In Loss Position Greater than 12 months					Total
	Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
Foreign debt	$	1,635	$	(33	)	$	1,015	$	(105	)	$	2,650	$	(138	)	$	1,229	$	(37	)	$	1,161	$	(236	)	$	2,390	$	(273	)
Corporate debt	7,814		(284		)	437		(194		)	8,251		(478		)	1,925		(89		)	4,571		(437		)	6,496		(526		)
Preferred stock	5,362		(134		)	3,996		(356		)	9,358		(490		)	553		(6		)	6,953		(328		)	7,506		(334		)
Mortgage-backed securities	—		—			60		(10		)	60		(10		)	—		—			350		(81		)	350		(81		)
Common stock	14,106		(1,598		)	2,335		(1,778		)	16,441		(3,376		)	11,890		(2,133		)	2,363		(1,233		)	14,253		(3,366		)
Mutual Funds:
Fixed Income																442		(58		)	—		—			442		(58		)
Total temporary impaired securities	$	28,917	$	(2,049	)	$	7,843	$	(2,443	)	$	36,760	$	(4,492	)	$	16,039	$	(2,323	)	$	15,398	$	(2,315	)	$	31,437	$	(4,638	)

Our preneed cemetery trust investment unrealized losses, their associated fair market values, and the duration of unrealized losses as of December 31, ~~2017~~2018 are shown in the following table (in thousands):


	December 31, 2017															December 31, 2018
	In Loss Position Less than 12 months					In Loss Position Greater than 12 months					Total					In Loss Position Less than 12 months					In Loss Position Greater than 12 months					Total
	Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
Foreign debt	$	151	$	(6	)	$	1,637	$	(187	)	$	1,788	$	(193	)	$	2,140	$	(245	)	$	895	$	(266	)	$	3,035	$	(511	)
Corporate debt	3,735		(72		)	846		(201		)	4,581		(273		)	9,918		(813		)	443		(213		)	10,361		(1,026		)
Preferred stock	48		—			8,109		(588		)	8,157		(588		)	5,253		(399		)	3,767		(747		)	9,020		(1,146		)
Mortgage-backed securities	127		(15		)	27		(9		)	154		(24		)	—		—			51		(14		)	51		(14		)
Common stock	8,249		(1,512		)	1,742		(948		)	9,991		(2,460		)	14,191		(4,012		)	1,190		(1,424		)	15,381		(5,436		)
Mutual Funds:
Fixed Income	496		(11		)	—		—			496		(11		)
Total temporary impaired securities	$	12,806	$	(1,616	)	$	12,361	$	(1,933	)	$	25,167	$	(3,549	)	$	31,502	$	(5,469	)	$	6,346	$	(2,664	)	$	37,848	$	(8,133	)

Preneed cemetery trust investment security transactions recorded in Other, net on our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018 were~~2019 are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2018			2017			2018			2018			2019			2018			2019
Investment income	$	474		$	315		$	1,755		$	1,214		$	474		$	414		$	899		$	985
Realized gains	—			1,376			2,215			2,247			18			2,363			871			3,821
Realized losses	—			(1,141		)	(1,312		)	(2,498		)	(750		)	(1,001		)	(1,357		)	(1,636		)
Expenses and taxes	(336		)	(365		)	(1,213		)	(637		)	(221		)	(407		)	(272		)	(685		)
Net change in deferred preneed cemetery receipts held in trust	(138		)	(185		)	(1,445		)	(326		)	479			(1,369		)	(141		)	(2,485		)
	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—

Purchases and sales of investments in the preneed cemetery trusts for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018 were~~2019 are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2018			2017			2018			2018			2019			2018			2019
Purchases	$	(915	)	$	(8,165	)	$	(19,355	)	$	(18,423	)	$	(6,882	)	$	(8,186	)	$	(10,258	)	$	(19,812	)
Sales	—			8,878			13,189			22,776			6,340			10,026			13,899			13,018

Preneed Funeral Trust Investments

Preneed funeral trust investments represent trust fund assets that we are permitted to withdraw as services and merchandise are provided to customers. Preneed funeral contracts are secured by payments from customers, less retained amounts not required to be deposited into trust. Preneed funeral trust investments are reduced by the trust earnings we have been allowed to withdraw in certain states prior to our performance.

The components of Preneed funeral trust investments on our Consolidated Balance ~~Sheets~~Sheet at December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018 were~~2019 are as follows (in thousands):


	December 31, 2017			September 30, 2018			December 31, 2018			June 30, 2019
Preneed funeral trust investments, at market value	$	93,341		$	92,816		$	84,803		$	91,459
Less: allowance for contract cancellation	(2,659		)	(2,765		)	(2,729		)	(2,763		)
Preneed funeral trust investments, net	$	90,682		$	90,051		$	82,074		$	88,696

Upon cancellation of a preneed funeral contract, a customer is generally entitled to receive a refund of the corpus and in some instances, a portion of all earnings held in trust. In certain jurisdictions, we may be obligated to fund any shortfall if the amounts deposited by the customer exceed the funds in trust, including investment income. As a result, when realized or unrealized losses of a trust result in the trust being underfunded, we assess whether we are responsible for replenishing the corpus of the trust, in which case a loss provision is recorded. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, none of our preneed funeral trust investments were underfunded.

Earnings from our preneed funeral trust investments are recognized as revenue when a service is performed or merchandise is delivered. Trust management fees charged by CSV RIA are included in revenue in the period in which they are earned.

Where quoted prices are available in an active market, investments held by the trusts are classified as Level 1 investments pursuant to the three-level valuation hierarchy. Our Level 1 investments include cash, U.S. treasury debt and common stock. Where quoted market prices are not available for the specific security, then fair values are estimated by using quoted prices of similar securities in active markets or other inputs other than quoted prices that can corroborate observable market data. These investments are fixed income securities, including foreign debt, corporate debt, preferred stocks, mortgage-backed securities and fixed income mutual funds and other investments, all of which are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. We review and update our fair value hierarchy classifications quarterly. There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019. There are no Level 3 investments in the preneed funeral trust investment portfolio. See Note 118 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for further information on the fair value measurement and the three-level hierarchy.

The cost and fair market values associated with preneed funeral trust investments at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 are detailed below (in thousands, except percentages):


	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value			Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value
Cash and money market accounts	1	$	22,200	$	—	$	—		$	22,200		1	$	25,145	$	—	$	—		$	25,145
Fixed income securities:
U.S treasury debt	1	1,455		3		(30		)	1,428			1	944		1		(3		)	942
Foreign debt	2	4,613		195		(143		)	4,665			2	5,683		106		(264		)	5,525
Corporate debt	2	18,130		643		(516		)	18,257			2	13,482		595		(525		)	13,552
Preferred stock	2	11,876		46		(524		)	11,398			2	13,543		646		(333		)	13,856
Mortgage-backed securities	2	1,024		380		(14		)	1,390			2	698		10		(85		)	623
Common stock	1	29,568		3,506		(3,522		)	29,552			1	28,227		1,921		(3,258		)	26,890
Mutual funds:
Fixed income	2	275		—		(29		)	246			2	1,419		38		(50		)	1,407
Other investments	2	3,002		—		—			3,002			2	2,959		—		—			2,959
Trust securities		$	92,143	$	4,773	$	(4,778	)	$	92,138			$	92,100	$	3,317	$	(4,518	)	$	90,899
Accrued investment income		$	678						$	678			$	560						$	560
Preneed funeral trust investments									$	92,816										$	91,459
Market value as a percentage of cost									100.0		%									98.7		%

The estimated maturities of the fixed income securities included above are as follows (in thousands):


Due in one year or less	$	—	$	121
Due in one to five years	4,640		3,457
Due in five to ten years	6,276		9,164
Thereafter	26,222		21,756
Total	$	37,138	$	34,498

The cost and fair market values associated with preneed funeral trust investments at December 31, ~~2017~~2018 are detailed below (in thousands, except percentages):


	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value			Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value
Cash and money market accounts	1	$	14,349	$	—	$	—		$	14,349		1	$	31,375	$	—	$	—		$	31,375
Fixed income securities:
U.S. treasury debt	1	1,490		10		(15		)	1,485			1	1,319		3		(19		)	1,303
Foreign debt	2	4,870		298		(189		)	4,979			2	3,748		44		(503		)	3,289
Corporate debt	2	18,963		1,197		(278		)	19,882			2	14,195		294		(1,025		)	13,464
Preferred stock	2	16,335		501		(585		)	16,251			2	11,500		54		(1,194		)	10,360
Mortgage-backed securities	2	1,187		263		(27		)	1,423			2	772		168		(18		)	922
Common stock	1	26,129		5,253		(2,468		)	28,914			1	24,803		887		(5,389		)	20,301
Mutual funds:
Fixed income	2	1,974		52		(48		)	1,978			2	275		—		(29		)	246
Other investments	2	3,341		—		—			3,341			2	3,006		—		—			3,006
Trust securities		$	88,638	$	7,574	$	(3,610	)	$	92,602			$	90,993	$	1,450	$	(8,177	)	$	84,266
Accrued investment income		$	739						$	739			$	537						$	537
Preneed funeral trust investments									$	93,341										$	84,803
Market value as a percentage of cost									104.5		%									92.6		%

We determine whether or not the assets in the preneed funeral trust investments have other-than-temporary impairments on a security-by-security basis. This assessment is made based upon a number of criteria including the length of time a security has been in a loss position, changes in market conditions and concerns related to the specific issuer. If a loss is considered to be other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the security is adjusted downward to its fair market value. Any reduction in the cost basis of the investment due to an other-than-temporary impairment is likewise recorded as a reduction to Deferred preneed funeral receipts held in trust on our Consolidated Balance ~~Sheets.~~Sheet. In the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, we did not record any impairments for other-than-temporary declines in the fair value related to unrealized losses on certain investments. There is no impact on earnings until such time that the loss is realized in the trusts, allocated to preneed contracts and the services are performed or the merchandise is delivered, causing the contract to be withdrawn from the trust in accordance with state regulations.

At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, we had certain investments within our preneed funeral trust investments that had tax lots in loss positions for more than one year. Based on our analyses of these securities, the companies’ businesses and current market conditions, we determined that these investment losses were temporary in nature.

Our preneed funeral trust investment unrealized losses, their associated fair market values, and the duration of unrealized losses as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 are shown in the following table (in thousands):


	September 30, 2018															June 30, 2019
	In Loss Position Less than 12 months					In Loss Position Greater than 12 months					Total					In Loss Position Less than 12 months					In Loss Position Greater than 12 months					Total
	Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
U.S. treasury debt	$	497	$	(2	)	$	809	$	(28	)	$	1,306	$	(30	)	$	—	$	—		$	821	$	(3	)	$	821	$	(3	)
Foreign debt	1,766		(36		)	1,024		(107		)	2,790		(143		)	1,271		(38		)	1,116		(226		)	2,387		(264		)
Corporate debt	8,453		(310		)	457		(206		)	8,910		(516		)	1,990		(93		)	4,518		(432		)	6,508		(525		)
Preferred stock	5,943		(149		)	4,150		(375		)	10,093		(524		)	347		(4		)	6,924		(329		)	7,271		(333		)
Mortgage-backed securities	—		—			68		(14		)	68		(14		)	9		—			396		(85		)	405		(85		)
Common stock	14,874		(1,658		)	2,481		(1,864		)	17,355		(3,522		)	11,905		(2,131		)	2,267		(1,127		)	14,172		(3,258		)
Mutual Funds:
Fixed income	—		—			246		(29		)	246		(29		)	293		(36		)	261		(14		)	554		(50		)
Insurance:	429		—			—		—			429		—
Other Investments																430		—			—		—			430		—
Total temporary impaired securities	$	31,962	$	(2,155	)	$	9,235	$	(2,623	)	$	41,197	$	(4,778	)	$	16,245	$	(2,302	)	$	16,303	$	(2,216	)	$	32,548	$	(4,518	)

Our preneed funeral trust investment unrealized losses, their associated fair market values, and the duration of unrealized losses as of December 31, ~~2017~~2018 are shown in the following table (in thousands):


	December 31, 2017															December 31, 2018
	In Loss Position Less than 12 months					In Loss Position Greater than 12 months					Total					In Loss Position Less than 12 months					In Loss Position Greater than 12 months					Total
	Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
U.S. treasury debt	$	1,325	$	(15	)	$	—	$	—		$	1,325	$	(15	)	$	—	$	—		$	1,181	$	(19	)	$	1,181	$	(19	)
Foreign debt	159		(6		)	1,608		(183		)	1,767		(189		)	2,180		(251		)	850		(252		)	3,030		(503		)
Corporate debt	3,770		(74		)	842		(203		)	4,612		(277		)	9,990		(814		)	434		(211		)	10,424		(1,025		)
Preferred stock	50		—			8,184		(585		)	8,234		(585		)	5,967		(460		)	3,673		(734		)	9,640		(1,194		)
Mortgage-backed securities	221		(17		)	36		(10		)	257		(27		)	11		—			120		(18		)	131		(18		)
Common stock	8,001		(1,496		)	1,728		(972		)	9,729		(2,468		)	14,327		(4,035		)	1,155		(1,354		)	15,482		(5,389		)
Mutual funds:
Fixed income	549		(12		)	615		(37		)	1,164		(49		)	—		—			246		(29		)	246		(29		)
Total temporary impaired securities	$	14,075	$	(1,620	)	$	13,013	$	(1,990	)	$	27,088	$	(3,610	)	$	32,475	$	(5,560	)	$	7,659	$	(2,617	)	$	40,134	$	(8,177	)

Preneed funeral trust investment security transactions recorded in Other, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018 were~~2019 are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2018			2017			2018			2018			2019			2018			2019
Investment income	$	524		$	362		$	1,801		$	1,253		$	479		$	409		$	891		$	982
Realized gains	—			1,425			2,296			4,332			11			2,486			2,907			3,806
Realized losses	(2		)	(1,232		)	(1,314		)	(2,623		)	(782		)	(1,007		)	(1,391		)	(424		)
Expenses and taxes	(390		)	(190		)	(1,106		)	(668		)	(334		)	(513		)	(478		)	(285		)
Net change in deferred preneed funeral receipts held in trust	(132		)	(365		)	(1,677		)	(2,294		)	626			(1,375		)	(1,929		)	(4,079		)
	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—

Purchases and sales of investments in the preneed funeral trusts for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018 were~~2019 are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2018			2017			2018			2018			2019			2018			2019
Purchases	$	(966	)	$	(9,144	)	$	(19,548	)	$	(19,584	)	$	(7,153	)	$	(8,436	)	$	(10,439	)	$	(19,195	)
Sales	23			9,424			13,266			23,636			6,617			10,816			14,212			13,601

8.5. PRENEED CEMETERY RECEIVABLES

Preneed sales of cemetery interment rights and related products and services are usually financed through interest-bearing installment sales contracts, generally with terms of up to five years, with such interest income reflected as ~~Preneed cemetery finance charges~~Other revenue. In substantially all cases, we receive an initial down payment at the time the contract is signed.

Our cemetery financed receivables at December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 are as follows (in thousands):

December 31, 2017 September 30, 2018
Accounts receivable, including unearned finance charges and allowance for contract cancellations of $2,779 and $2,425, respectively $ 11,843
$ 11,537
⁽¹⁾
Preneed receivables, including unearned finance charges and allowance for contract cancellations of $4,922 and $4,169, respectively
28,631
25,774
⁽²⁾
Preneed cemetery financed receivables $ 40,474
$ 37,311



	December 31, 2018			June 30, 2019
Accounts receivable, including unearned finance charges and allowance for contract cancellations of $2,405 and $2,422, respectively	$	11,676	⁽¹⁾	$	12,344	⁽¹⁾
Preneed receivables, including unearned finance charges and allowance for contract cancellations of $4,049 and $3,949, respectively	25,568		⁽²⁾	26,477		⁽²⁾
Preneed cemetery financed receivables	$	37,244		$	38,821




(1)	~~In accordance with Topic 606, $1.4~~$1.4 million and $1.5 million of cemetery accounts ~~receivable has~~receivables have been reclassified to reduce deferred preneed cemetery revenue at ~~September~~December 31, 2018 and June 30, ~~2018.~~2019, respectively.
(2)	~~In accordance with Topic 606, $3.1~~$3.1 million of preneed cemetery receivables ~~has~~have been reclassified to reduce deferred preneed cemetery revenue at ~~September~~both December 31, 2018 and June 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

The unearned finance charges associated with these receivables ~~were $5.7~~are $4.6 million and $4.7 million at December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

We determine an allowance for customer cancellations and refunds on contracts in which revenue has been recognized on sales of cemetery interment rights. We have a collections policy where past due notifications are sent to the customer beginning at 15 days past due and periodically thereafter until the contract is cancelled or payment is received. We reserve 100% of the receivables on contracts in which the revenue has been recognized and payments are 90 days past due or more, which was approximately ~~4.9%~~3.9% of the total receivables on recognized sales at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019. An allowance is recorded at the date that the contract is executed and periodically adjusted thereafter based upon actual collection experience at the business level.

For the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the change in the allowance for contract cancellations ~~was~~is as follows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2018			June 30, 2019
Beginning balance	$	2,019		$	1,808
Write-offs and cancellations	(1,024		)	(468		)
Provision	870			352
Ending balance	$	1,865		$	1,692

The aging of preneed cemetery financed receivables as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018 was~~2019 is as follows (in thousands):


	31-60 Past Due		61-90 Past Due		91-120 Past Due		>120 Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Financed Receivables		31-60 Past Due		61-90 Past Due		91-120 Past Due		>120 Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Financed Receivables
Recognized revenue	$	686	$	382	$	124	$	1,216	$	2,408	$	25,152	$	27,560	$	543	$	325	$	97	$	1,036	$	2,001	$	27,078	$	29,079
Deferred revenue	209		122		38		304		673		9,078		9,751		217		128		28		271		644		9,098		9,742
Total	$	895	$	504	$	162	$	1,520	$	3,081	$	34,230	$	37,311	$	760	$	453	$	125	$	1,307	$	2,645	$	36,176	$	38,821

9.6. RECEIVABLES FROM PRENEED TRUSTS

The receivables from preneed trusts represent assets in trusts which are controlled and operated by third parties in which we do not have a controlling financial interest (less than 50%) in the trust assets. We account for these investments at cost. As of December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, receivables from preneed trusts ~~were~~are as follows (in thousands):


	December 31, 2017			September 30, 2018			December 31, 2018			June 30, 2019
Preneed trust funds, at cost	$	15,759		$	17,334		$	17,601		$	18,200
Less: allowance for contract cancellation	(472		)	(519		)	(528		)	(546		)
Receivables from preneed trusts, net	$	15,287		$	16,815		$	17,073		$	17,654

The following summary reflects the composition of the assets held in trust and controlled by third parties to satisfy our future obligations under preneed arrangements related to the preceding contracts at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. The cost basis includes reinvested interest and dividends that have been earned on the trust assets. Fair value includes the unrealized gains and losses on trust assets.

The composition of the preneed trust funds at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018 was~~2019 is as follows (in thousands):


	Historical Cost Basis		Fair Value		Historical Cost Basis		Fair Value
As of September 30, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,180	$	4,180	$	4,382	$	4,382
Fixed income investments	10,423		10,423		11,266		11,266
Mutual funds and common stocks	2,725		2,675		2,547		2,606
Annuities	6		6		5		5
Total	$	17,334	$	17,284	$	18,200	$	18,259

The composition of the preneed trust funds at December 31, ~~2017 was~~2018 is as follows (in thousands):


	Historical Cost Basis		Fair Value		Historical Cost Basis		Fair Value
As of December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,903	$	3,903	$	4,172	$	4,172
Fixed income investments	9,306		9,306		10,668		10,668
Mutual funds and common stocks	2,544		2,567		2,755		2,709
Annuities	6		6		6		6
Total	$	15,759	$	15,782	$	17,601	$	17,555

~~10.~~7.CEMETERY PERPETUAL CARE TRUST INVESTMENTS

Care trusts’ corpus on our Consolidated Balance ~~Sheets~~Sheet represents the corpus of those trusts plus undistributed income. The components of Care trusts’ corpus as of December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018 were~~2019 are as follows (in thousands):


	December 31, 2017			September 30, 2018			December 31, 2018			June 30, 2019
Trust assets, at market value	$	50,229		$	48,813		$	44,071		$	48,969
Obligations due from trust	(373		)	(417		)	(577		)	(527		)
Care trusts’ corpus	$	49,856		$	48,396		$	43,494		$	48,442

We are required by various state laws to pay a portion of the proceeds from the sale of cemetery property interment rights into perpetual care trust funds. The income earned from these perpetual care trusts offsets maintenance expenses for cemetery property and memorials. This trust fund income is recognized, as earned, in ~~Revenues: Cemetery~~ Other revenue.~~and is recorded in~~ ~~Accounts Receivable, net~~ ~~until received from the trust.~~ Trust management fees charged by CSV RIA are included in revenue in the period in which they are earned. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, none of our cemetery perpetual care trust investments were underfunded.

Where quoted prices are available in an active market, investments held by the trusts are classified as Level 1 investments pursuant to the three-level valuation hierarchy. Our Level 1 investments include cash and common stock. Where quoted market prices are not available for the specific security, then fair values are estimated by using quoted prices of similar securities in active markets or other inputs other than quoted prices that can corroborate observable market data. These investments are fixed income securities, including foreign debt, corporate debt, preferred stock, mortgage-backed securities and fixed income mutual funds, all of which are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. We review and update our fair value hierarchy classifications quarterly. There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 in the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019. There are no Level 3 investments in the cemetery perpetual care trust investment portfolio. See Note 118 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for further information of the fair value measurement and the three-level valuation hierarchy.

The following table reflects the cost and fair market values associated with the trust investments held in perpetual care trust funds at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 (in thousands, except percentages):


	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value			Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value
Cash and money market accounts	1	$	5,227	$	—	$	—		$	5,227		1	$	5,113	$	—	$	—		$	5,113
Fixed income securities:
Foreign debt	2	3,474		128		(101		)	3,501			2	4,239		81		(196		)	4,124
Corporate debt	2	12,298		487		(348		)	12,437			2	9,807		499		(384		)	9,922
Preferred stock	2	8,273		53		(359		)	7,967			2	10,162		432		(240		)	10,354
Mortgage-backed securities	2	561		228		(7		)	782			2	379		6		(50		)	335
Common stock	1	18,596		2,112		(2,284		)	18,424			1	17,760		1,169		(2,063		)	16,866
Mutual funds:
Fixed Income												2	1,855		60		(64		)	1,851
Trust securities		$	48,429	$	3,008	$	(3,099	)	$	48,338			$	49,315	$	2,247	$	(2,997	)	$	48,565
Accrued investment income		$	475						$	475			$	404						$	404
Cemetery perpetual care investments									$	48,813										$	48,969
Market value as a percentage of cost									99.8		%									98.5		%

The estimated maturities of the fixed income securities included above are as follows (in thousands):


Due in one year or less	$	—	$	—
Due in one to five years	2,177		1,996
Due in five to ten years	4,262		6,497
Thereafter	18,248		16,242
	$	24,687
Total			$	24,735

The following table reflects the cost and fair market values associated with the trust investments held in perpetual care trust funds at December 31, ~~2017~~2018 (in thousands, except percentages):


	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value			Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value
Cash and money market accounts	1	$	1,906	$	—	$	—		$	1,906		1	$	11,144	$	—	$	—		$	11,144
Fixed income securities:
Foreign debt	2	3,580		227		(134		)	3,673			2	2,872		27		(385		)	2,514
Corporate debt	2	12,557		805		(187		)	13,175			2	9,956		227		(730		)	9,453
Preferred stock	2	11,545		364		(411		)	11,498			2	8,141		37		(820		)	7,358
Mortgage-backed securities	2	621		152		(15		)	758			2	417		101		(9		)	509
Common stock	1	16,326		3,116		(1,595		)	17,847			1	15,562		542		(3,395		)	12,709
Mutual funds:
Fixed income	2	913		42		(10		)	945
Trust securities		$	47,448	$	4,706	$	(2,352	)	$	49,802			$	48,092	$	934	$	(5,339	)	$	43,687
Accrued investment income		$	427						$	427			$	384						$	384
Cemetery perpetual care investments									$	50,229										$	44,071
Market value as a percentage of cost									105.0		%									90.8		%

We determine whether or not the assets in the cemetery perpetual care trusts have an other-than-temporary impairment on a security-by-security basis. This assessment is made based upon a number of criteria including the length of time a security has been in a loss position, changes in market conditions and concerns related to the specific issuer. If a loss is considered to be other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the security is adjusted downward to its fair market value. Any reduction in the cost basis due to an other-than-temporary impairment is also recorded as a reduction to Care trusts’ corpus. In the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, we did not record any impairments for other-than-temporary declines in the fair value related to unrealized losses on certain investments. There is no impact on earnings until such time that the loss is realized in the trusts, allocated to preneed contracts and the services are performed or the merchandise is delivered, causing the contract to be withdrawn from the trust in accordance with state regulations.

At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, we had certain investments within our perpetual care trust investments that had tax lots in loss positions for more than one year. Based on our analyses of these securities, the companies’ businesses and current market conditions, we determined that these investment losses were temporary in nature.

Our perpetual care trust investment unrealized losses, their associated fair market values, and the duration of unrealized losses for the periods ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 are shown in the following table (in thousands):


	September 30, 2018															June 30, 2019
	In Loss Position Less than 12 months					In Loss Position Greater than 12 months					Total					In Loss Position Less than 12 months					In Loss Position Greater than 12 months					Total
	Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
Foreign debt	$	1,262	$	(24	)	$	769	$	(77	)	$	2,031	$	(101	)	$	995	$	(29	)	$	811	$	(167	)	$	1,806	$	(196	)
Corporate debt	5,878		(211		)	314		(137		)	6,192		(348		)	1,464		(80		)	3,273		(304		)	4,737		(384		)
Preferred stock	3,861		(92		)	3,114		(267		)	6,975		(359		)	969		(16		)	4,816		(224		)	5,785		(240		)
Mortgage-backed securities	—		—			41		(7		)	41		(7		)	—		—			219		(50		)	219		(50		)
Common stock	9,266		(1,045		)	1,647		(1,239		)	10,913		(2,284		)	7,671		(1,335		)	1,473		(728		)	9,144		(2,063		)
Mutual Funds:
Fixed Income																533		(64		)	—		—			533		(64		)
Total temporary impaired securities	$	20,267	$	(1,372	)	$	5,885	$	(1,727	)	$	26,152	$	(3,099	)	$	11,632	$	(1,524	)	$	10,592	$	(1,473	)	$	22,224	$	(2,997	)

Our perpetual care trust investment unrealized losses, their associated fair market values, and the duration of unrealized losses for the periods ended December 31, ~~2017~~2018 are shown in the following table (in thousands):


	December 31, 2017															December 31, 2018
	In Loss Position Less than 12 months					In Loss Position Greater than 12 months					Total					In Loss Position Less than 12 months					In Loss Position Greater than 12 months					Total
	Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value		Unrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
Foreign debt	$	92	$	(3	)	$	1,128	$	(131	)	$	1,220	$	(134	)	$	1,619	$	(189	)	$	639	$	(196	)	$	2,258	$	(385	)
Corporate debt	2,621		(59		)	555		(128		)	3,176		(187		)	7,006		(587		)	301		(143		)	7,307		(730		)
Preferred stock	29		—			5,492		(411		)	5,521		(411		)	3,586		(279		)	2,787		(541		)	6,373		(820		)
Mortgage-backed securities	76		(10		)	16		(5		)	92		(15		)	—		—			32		(9		)	32		(9		)
Common stock	5,119		(991		)	1,108		(604		)	6,227		(1,595		)	9,010		(2,557		)	733		(838		)	9,743		(3,395		)
Mutual funds:
Fixed income	433		(10		)	—		—			433		(10		)
Total temporary impaired securities	$	8,370	$	(1,073	)	$	8,299	$	(1,279	)	$	16,669	$	(2,352	)	$	21,221	$	(3,612	)	$	4,492	$	(1,727	)	$	25,713	$	(5,339	)

Perpetual care trust investment security transactions recorded in Other, net on our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018 were~~2019 are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2018			2017			2018			2018			2019			2018			2019
Realized gains	$	—	$	435		$	925		$	739		$	22		$	670		$	304		$	1,024
Realized losses	—		(363		)	(630		)	(889		)	(312		)	(270		)	(526		)	(441		)
Net change in care trusts’ corpus	—		(72		)	(295		)	150			290			(400		)	222			(583		)
Total	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—

Perpetual care trust investment security transactions recorded in ~~Revenues: Cemetery~~Other revenue for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018 were~~2019 are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2018			2017			2018			2018			2019		2018			2019
Investment income	$	1,539		$	1,158		$	4,831		$	3,749		$	1,463		$	1,107	$	2,996		$	2,194
Realized gain, net	(283		)	(241		)	(891		)	(955		)
Realized gains (losses), net													(398		)	10		(715		)	(280		)
Total	$	1,256		$	917		$	3,940		$	2,794		$	1,065		$	1,117	$	2,281		$	1,914

Purchases and sales of investments in the perpetual care trusts for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018 were~~2019 are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2018			2017			2018			2018			2019			2018			2019
Purchases	$	(556	)	$	(5,185	)	$	(12,430	)	$	(11,856	)	$	(4,742	)	$	(5,117	)	$	(6,670	)	$	(14,274	)
Sales	—			6,149			8,390			15,545			4,431			6,278			9,397			7,980

~~11.~~8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

We evaluate our financial assets and liabilities for those financial assets and liabilities that meet the criteria of the disclosure requirements and fair value framework. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and trade payables approximate the fair values of those instruments due to the short-term nature of the instruments. The fair values of receivables on preneed funeral and cemetery contracts are impracticable to estimate because of the lack of a trading market and the diverse number of individual contracts with varying terms. Our long-term debt is classified within Level 2 of the Fair Value Measurement hierarchy. The fair values of our long-term debt approximate the carrying values of these instruments based on the index yields of similar securities compared to U.S. Treasury yield curves. The fair value of the 2.75% convertible subordinated notes due 2021 was approximately ~~$31.9~~$6.4 million at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 based on the last traded or broker quoted price. The fair value of the 6.625% senior notes due 2026 was approximately ~~$331.9~~$334.8 million at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 based on the last traded or broker quoted price.

We identified investments in fixed income securities, common stock and mutual funds presented within the preneed and perpetual care trust

investment categories on our Consolidated Balance ~~Sheets~~Sheet as having met the criteria for fair value measurement. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, we did not have any assets that had fair values determined by Level 3 inputs and no liabilities measured at fair value.

We account for our investments as available-for-sale and measure them at fair value under the standards of financial accounting and reporting for investments in equity instruments that have readily determinable fair values and for all investments in debt securities. See Notes 74 and 107 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for the fair value hierarchy levels of our trust investments.

~~12.~~9. INTANGIBLE AND OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS

Intangibles and other non-current assets at December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 ~~were~~are as follows (in thousands):

December 31, 2017 September 30, 2018
Prepaid agreements not-to-compete, net of accumulated amortization of $6,051 and $6,503, respectively $ 3,730
$ 4,171
Tradenames 14,372
17,635
Capitalized commissions on preneed contracts, net of accumulated amortization of $449 —
2,707
Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $54 —
809
Other 15
16
Intangible and other non-current assets $ 18,117
$ 25,338



	December 31, 2018		June 30, 2019
Prepaid agreements not-to-compete, net of accumulated amortization of $6,672 and $7,008, respectively	$	4,048	$	3,794
Tradenames	17,635		17,635
Capitalized commissions on preneed contracts, net of accumulated amortization of $569 and $846, respectively	2,717		2,754
Other	25		177
Intangible and other non-current assets, net	$	24,425	$	24,360

Prepaid agreements not-to-compete are amortized over the term of the respective agreements, ranging generally from one to ten years. Amortization expense for our prepaid agreements not-to-compete was approximately ~~$135,000~~$153,000 and ~~$160,000~~$168,000 for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively and ~~approximately $407,000~~$292,000 and ~~$452,000~~$336,000 for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

Our tradenames have indefinite lives and therefore are not amortized.

~~Topic 606 impacted our accounting for~~We capitalize sales commissions and other direct selling costs related to preneed cemetery merchandise and services and preneed funeral trust ~~contracts. Under Topic 606,~~contracts as these costs are incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Our capitalized ~~and~~commissions on preneed contracts are amortized on a straight-line basis over the average maturity period for our preneed cemetery merchandise and services contracts and preneed funeral trust ~~contracts. We estimate an average maturity period~~contracts, of eight ~~years for preneed cemetery contracts~~ and ten years, ~~for preneed funeral trust contracts. These costs are included in~~ ~~Intangible and other non-current assets~~ ~~on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2018. Previously, these costs were expensed in the period incurred.~~respectively. Amortization expense ~~for our capitalized commissions on preneed contracts was~~totaled approximately ~~$156,000~~$144,000 and ~~$449,000~~$139,000 for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2018. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information on our opening balance sheet entry on January 1, 2018 to~~ ~~Intangible and other non-current assets~~ ~~related to these capitalized commissions on preneed contracts.~~

~~On September~~June 30, 2018 ~~our management agreement with a Florida municipality expired~~ and ~~as a result, we ceased to operate three of our cemetery businesses. We recorded a loss of approximately $125,000~~2019, respectively and $293,000 and $277,000 for the ~~write-off of capitalized commissions related to these three cemetery businesses, which was included in Loss recorded for the expired management agreement and recorded in~~ ~~Other, net. See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information regarding the expired management agreement for these three cemetery businesses.~~

~~At September~~six months ended June 30, 2018 ~~the unamortized debt issuance costs related to our New Credit Facility (as defined in Note 13) are being amortized over the remaining term of the related debt using the straight-line method~~ and ~~are recorded in~~ ~~Intangible and other non-current assets~~ on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amortization of debt issuance costs related to our New Credit Facility was approximately $41,000 and $54,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018,2019, respectively. ~~See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for further discussion of our New Credit Facility.~~

~~13.~~10.LONG-TERM DEBT

On April 25, 2018, we entered into an eighth amendment and commitment increase (the “Eighth Amendment”) to our former secured credit facility, dated as of August 30, 2012 (as amended, the “Former Credit Agreement”), which amended the Former Credit Agreement as follows:

~~(i) increase the aggregate revolving credit commitment to $200 million;~~

(ii) permit the Company to use the proceeds of revolving loans; (a) to repay certain indebtedness; (b) for working capital and acquisitions; (c) to make certain capital expenditures; (d) to pay interest on certain subordinated indebtedness and refinancing indebtedness (subject to the satisfaction of certain terms and conditions); (e) to prepay, repay, purchase or redeem certain subordinated indebtedness; and (f) for general corporate purposes;

~~(iii) modify the maximum senior secured leverage ratio covenant; and~~

~~(iv) release the mortgage liens of the Administrative Agent on certain real property collateral located in a flood plain, among other things.~~

Following the effectiveness of the Eighth Amendment, the Former Credit Agreement was comprised of a $200 million revolving credit facility and a $150 million term loan. Under the Former Credit Agreement, as amended by the Eighth Amendment, we were required to comply with a covenant to maintain a maximum senior secured leverage ratio. We incurred approximately $0.7 million in transaction costs related to the Eighth Amendment of our Former Credit Agreement, which were recorded in ~~Net loss on early extinguishment of debt~~.

On May 7, 2018, we used the remaining capacity from the Eighth Amendment to redeem approximately 80% of the then outstanding aggregate principal amount of our 2.75% convertible subordinated notes due March 15, 2021 (the “Convertible Notes”). We recognized (i) a net gain of approximately $1.2 million related to the redemption of our Convertible Notes; and (ii) a loss of approximately $0.5 million related to transaction costs incurred for the redemption of our Convertible Notes, all of which were recorded in ~~Net loss on early extinguishment of debt. See Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for further discussion of the redemption of our Convertible Notes.~~

On May 31, 2018, we completed the issuance of $325.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our 6.625% ~~senior notes~~Senior Notes due 2026 (the “Senior Notes”). and related guarantees in a private offering under Rule 144A and Regulation S of the Securities Act. See Note 1512 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for further discussion of ~~the sale of the~~our Senior Notes.

On May 31, 2018, we used approximately $291.4 million of the net proceeds from the sale of the Senior Notes to repay all amounts outstanding under our ~~Former~~former secured credit facility, dated as of August 20, 2012 (as amended, the “Former Credit ~~Agreement and all commitments thereunder were terminated.~~Agreement”). In connection with the repayment in full of all amounts due thereunder, the Former Credit Agreement was retired and $2.0 million of letters of credit previously issued under the Former Credit Agreement were deemed issued under (and remain outstanding under) the New Credit Facility (as defined below). We did not incur any material early termination penalties in connection with the repayment of the Former Credit Agreement. In connection with the termination of the Former Credit Agreement, we recognized (i) a loss of approximately $0.7 million related to the Eighth Amendment transaction costs; and (ii) a loss of approximately $0.9 million of unamortized debt issuance costs related to the Former Credit Agreement, all of which were recorded in ~~Net loss on early extinguishment of debt~~.

~~For the nine months ended September 30, 2018~~, ~~we recognized a net loss of $0.9 million, which was recorded in~~ ~~Net loss on early extinguishment of debt~~ and consisted of the following: (i) a loss of approximately $1.6 million related to our Former Credit Agreement (discussed above); and (ii) a net gain of approximately $0.7 million related to the redemption of our Convertible Notes (discussed above).retired.

On May 31, 2018, ~~in connection with the issuance of the Senior Notes,~~ we entered into a ~~new $150~~$150.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the ~~“New Credit~~“Credit Facility”) with ~~Credit Facility Guarantors (as defined below),~~ the financial institutions party thereto, as lenders, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent. Our obligations under the ~~New~~ Credit Facility are unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by the same subsidiaries which guarantee the Senior Notes and certain of our subsequently acquired or organized domestic subsidiaries (collectively, the “Credit Facility Guarantors”).

~~At closing, we had no outstanding borrowings under the New~~ The Credit Facility and $148.0 million of availability after giving effect to the $2.0 million of letters of credit previously issued under the Former Credit Agreement that were deemed issued under (and remain outstanding under) the New Credit Facility. The New Credit Facility includesalso contains an accordion provision feature allowing for future increases in the facility size by an additional amount of up to $75.0 million. The ~~New~~ Credit Facility matures on May 31, 2023. ~~Interest will accrue on amounts outstanding under the New Credit Facility at either a prime rate or a LIBOR rate, plus an applicable margin based upon our total leverage ratio.~~

We incurred approximately $0.9 million in transactions costs related to our New Credit Facility, which were capitalized and will be amortized over the remaining term of the related debt using the straight-line method and are recorded in ~~Intangible and other non-current assets~~.

The New Credit Facility is secured by a first-priority perfected security interest in and lien on substantially all of our personal property assets and those of the Credit Facility Guarantors, and will include provisions which require us and such subsidiaries, upon the occurrence of an event of default under the New Credit Facility, to grant additional liens on real property assets accounting for no less than 50% of our and the Credit Facility Guarantors' funeral operations.

The New Credit Facility contains customary negative covenants, including, but not limited to, covenants that, among other things, restrict (subject to certain exceptions) our ability and the Credit Facility Guarantor's ability to incur indebtedness, grant liens, make investments, engage in acquisitions, mergers or consolidations, and pay dividends and other restricted payments, and the following financial covenants: a total leverage ratio not to exceed 5.50 to 1.00, and a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.20 to 1.00 as of the end of any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters. We will calculate the financial covenants on a consolidated basis.

Our long-term debt consisted of the following at December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 (in thousands):

December 31, 2017 September 30, 2018
New Credit Facility $ —
$ —
Revolving credit facility 92,000
—
Term loan 127,500
—
Acquisition debt 10,548
9,766
Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $4,442 (967 ) —
Less: current portion (16,927 ) (2,118 )
Total long-term debt, net of current portion $ 212,154
$ 7,648



	December 31, 2018			June 30, 2019
Credit Facility	$	27,100		$	24,600
Acquisition debt	8,940			8,202
Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $109 and $216, respectively	(955		)	(847		)
Less: current portion	(2,015		)	(1,895		)
Total long-term debt	$	33,070		$	30,060

As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, we had no outstanding borrowings under the ~~New~~ Credit ~~Facility.~~Facility of $24.6 million. We had one letter of credit issued on November 30, ~~2017~~2018 and outstanding under the ~~New~~ Credit Facility for approximately $2.0 million, which bears interest at 2.125% and will expire on November ~~26, 2018.~~25, 2019. The letter of credit automatically renews annually and secures our obligations under our various self-insured policies. Outstanding borrowings under our ~~New~~ Credit Facility bear interest at either a prime rate or a LIBOR rate, plus an applicable margin based upon our leverage ratio. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the prime rate margin was equivalent to 1.00% and the LIBOR margin was 2.00%. ~~As we had no outstanding borrowings under the New Credit Facility during the three months ended September 30, 2018, the~~The weighted average interest rate on our ~~New~~ Credit Facility was ~~zero. For~~3.9% and 4.0% for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2018, the~~2019, respectively. The weighted average interest rate on our Former Credit Agreement was 4.2% and 4.0%~~. See Note 12 to~~ for the ~~Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for further discussion~~three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.

We have no material assets or operations independent of our ~~unamortized debt issuance costs related~~subsidiaries. All assets and operations are held and conducted by subsidiaries, each of which have fully and unconditionally guaranteed our obligations under the Credit Facility. Additionally, we do not currently have any significant restrictions on our ability to ~~our New~~receive dividends or loans from any Credit ~~Facility.~~Facility Guarantors.

~~As of September 30, 2018, we~~We were in compliance with the covenants contained in the ~~New~~ Credit Facility as of June 30, 2019, with a leverage ratio of ~~4.86~~5.05 to 1.00 and a fixed charge coverage ratio of ~~1.95~~2.15 to 1.00.

Amortization of debt issuance costs related to our Credit Facility was $54,000 and $108,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively and amortization of debt issuance costs related to our Former Credit Agreement was $45,000 and $140,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.

Acquisition debt consisted of deferred purchase price and promissory notes payable to sellers. Imputed interest expense related to our acquisition debt was ~~$0.3 million~~$201,000 and ~~$0.2 million~~$160,000 for ~~both~~ the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively and ~~$0.7 million~~$425,000 and ~~$0.6 million~~$329,000 for ~~both~~ the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

~~14.~~11.CONVERTIBLE SUBORDINATED NOTES

On March 19, 2014, we issued $143.75 million aggregate principal amount of our 2.75% convertible notes due March 15, 2021 (the “Convertible Notes”). The Convertible ~~Notes.~~Notes have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and were offered only to “qualified institutional buyers” in compliance with Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The Convertible Notes are governed by an indenture dated as of March 19, 2014 between Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee, and us. The Convertible Notes bear interest at 2.75% per year. Interest on the Convertible Notes began to accrue on March 19, 2014 and is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year.

On May 7, 2018, we completed ~~our exchange~~privately-negotiated exchanges (the “Exchange”) of approximately $115.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes, which represented ~~approximately~~ 80% of the aggregate principal amount of our Convertible Notes then outstanding, ~~in privately negotiated exchange agreements~~ with a limited number of convertible noteholders, for approximately $74.8 million in cash (plus accrued interest of $0.4 million totaling $75.2 million) and 2,822,859 newly issued shares of our common stock, par value $.01 per share, pursuant to a private placement in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities ~~Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).~~Act. The cash portion of the exchange consideration was funded from our Former Credit Agreement. Following the settlement of the Exchange, the aggregate principal amount of our Convertible Notes outstanding was reduced to approximately $28.8 million. See Note 1310 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for further discussion of our Former Credit Agreement.

~~We recognized a net gain~~On December 24, 2018, we completed privately-negotiated repurchases of ~~approximately $1.2~~an additional $22.4 million ~~which was recorded~~ in ~~Net loss on early extinguishment of debt,~~ ~~related to the Exchange of our Convertible Notes. The gain is composed of a difference of approximately $2.5 million between the fair value and the carrying~~aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes, which represented 78% of the ~~liability component~~aggregate principal amount of our Convertible Notes ~~immediately preceding the Exchange, partially offset by a write-off~~then outstanding for $22.9 million in cash (plus accrued interest of approximately ~~$1.3~~$0.2 million ~~in unamortized debt issuance costs related to~~totaling $23.0 million). The consideration for the ~~Exchange of~~repurchases was funded from our ~~Convertible Notes. The gain does not include~~Credit Facility. Following these repurchases, the ~~impact of any transaction costs we incurred to exchange the Convertible Notes.~~

~~We incurred approximately $0.8 million in transactions costs related to the Exchange~~aggregate principal amount of our Convertible Notes outstanding was reduced to $6.3 million.

On April 4, 2019, we completed a privately-negotiated repurchase of ~~which approximately $0.5 million was expensed~~an additional $25,000 in aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes then outstanding for $27,163.

The Convertible Notes are general unsecured obligations and ~~recorded~~are subordinated in ~~Net loss on early extinguishment~~the right of ~~debt~~payment to all of our existing and ~~approximately $0.3 million was allocated to the equity component~~future senior indebtedness and ~~recorded~~equal in ~~Additional paid-in capital~~.right of payment with our other existing and future subordinate indebtedness. The

The carrying values of the liability and equity components of the Convertible Notes at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018 are reflected in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows (in thousands):

December 31, 2017 September 30, 2018
Long-term liabilities:
Principal amount $ 143,750
$ 28,764
Unamortized discount of liability component (17,559 ) (2,796 )
Convertible Notes issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $1,877 and $455, respectively (1,750 ) (271 )
Carrying value of the liability component $ 124,441
$ 25,697

Carrying value of the equity component $ 17,973
$ 3,585

~~The Carrying value of the liability component and the Carrying value of the equity component are recorded in~~ ~~Convertible subordinated notes due 2021~~ ~~and~~ ~~Additional paid-in capital, respectively, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018.~~

~~The fair value of the Convertible Notes, which are Level 2 measurements, was approximately $31.9 million at September 30, 2018.~~

Interest expense on the Convertible Notes included contractual coupon interest expense of approximately $1.0 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2018, respectively and approximately $3.0 million and $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Accretion of the discount on the Convertible Notes was approximately $1.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2018, respectively and approximately $3.2 million and $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Amortization of debt issuance costs related to our Convertible Notes was approximately $130,000 and $27,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2018, respectively and approximately $0.4 million and $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

~~The~~ initial conversion rate of the Convertible Notes, as of March 19, 2014, was 44.3169 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $22.56 per share of common stock. The adjusted conversion rate of the Convertible Notes, in effect at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, is ~~44.8913~~45.2619 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, equivalent to an adjusted conversion price of approximately ~~$22.28~~$22.09 per share of common stock.

The carrying values of the liability and equity components of the Convertible Notes at December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2019 are reflected on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as follows (in thousands):



	December 31, 2018			June 30, 2019
Long-term liabilities:
Principal amount	$	6,346		$	6,321
Unamortized discount of liability component	(560		)	(443		)
Convertible Notes issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $106 and $117, respectively	(54		)	(43		)
Carrying value of the liability component	$	5,732		$	5,835

Carrying value of the equity component	$	789		$	789

The Carrying value of the liability component and the Carrying value of the equity component are recorded in Convertible subordinated notes due 2021 and Additional paid-in capital, respectively, on our Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2019.

The fair value of the Convertible Notes, which are Level 2 measurements, was approximately $6.4 million at June 30, 2019.

Interest expense on the Convertible Notes included contractual coupon interest expense of approximately $514,000 and $44,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively and approximately $1,502,000 and $87,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019 respectively. Accretion of the discount on the Convertible Notes was approximately $555,000 and $60,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively and approximately $1,715,000 and $117,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively. Amortization of debt issuance costs related to our Convertible Notes was approximately $62,000 and $5,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively and approximately $194,000 and $11,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

The remaining unamortized debt discount and the remaining unamortized debt issuance costs are being amortized using the effective interest method over the remaining term of approximately 20 months of the Convertible Notes. The effective interest rate on the unamortized debt discount for both the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018~~2019 was 11.4%. The effective interest rate on the unamortized debt issuance costs for both the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018~~2019 was 3.2%.

~~15.~~12.SENIOR NOTES

On May 31, 2018, we completed the issuance of $325.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our Senior Notes and related guarantees in a private offering under Rule 144A and Regulation S of the Securities Act.

We received proceeds of $320.1 million, net of a 1.5% debt discount of $4.9 million, of which we used $291.4 million to repay our existing indebtedness under our Former Credit ~~Agreement and intend to use the remaining net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including acquisitions.~~Agreement. We incurred approximately $1.4 million in transaction costs related to the Senior Notes. See Note 1310 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for further discussion of the repayment of our Former Credit Agreement.

The Senior Notes bear interest at 6.625% per year. Interest on the Senior Notes began to accrue on May 31, 2018 and is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2018 to holders of record on each May 15 and November 15 preceding an interest payment date. The Senior Notes mature on June 1, 2026, unless earlier redeemed or purchased. The Senior Notes are unsecured, senior obligations and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis, jointly and severally, by certain of our existing subsidiaries.

The debt discount of $4.9 million and the debt issuance costs of $1.4 million are being amortized using the effective interest method over the remaining term of approximately 9283 months of the Senior Notes. The effective interest rate on the unamortized debt discount for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019 was 6.87%. The effective interest rate on the unamortized debt issuance costs for both the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2018 and 2019 was ~~6.87% and~~ 6.69%~~, respectively.~~.

The carrying value of the Senior Notes at ~~September~~December 31, 2018 and June 30, ~~2018 are~~2019 is reflected inon our Consolidated Balance ~~Sheets~~Sheet as follows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2018			June 30, 2019
Long-term liabilities:
Principal amount	$	325,000		$	325,000		$	325,000
Debt discount, net of accumulated amortization of $154	(4,721		)
Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $44	(1,323		)
Debt discount, net of accumulated amortization of $273 and $515, respectively				(4,602		)	(4,360		)
Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $77 and $145, respectively				(1,290		)	(1,222		)
Carrying value of the Senior Notes	$	318,956		$	319,108		$	319,418

The fair value of the Senior Notes, which are Level 2 measurements, was approximately ~~$331.9~~$334.8 million at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

Interest expense on the Senior Notes included contractual coupon interest expense of ~~approximately $5.4~~$1.9 million and ~~$7.2~~$5.4 million for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively and $1.9 million and $10.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively. Amortization of the debt discount on the Senior Notes was ~~$116,000~~approximately $38,000 and ~~$154,000~~$122,000 for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2018 ~~respectively~~ and ~~amortization~~2019 and $38,000 and $242,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively. Amortization of debt issuance costs on the Senior Notes was ~~$33,000~~approximately $11,000 and ~~$44,000~~$34,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively and approximately $11,000 and $68,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

13.LEASES

On January 1, 2019, we adopted Topic 842 using the modified retrospective method for all lease arrangements at the beginning of the period of adoption. Results for reporting periods beginning January 1, 2019 are presented under Topic 842, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with Topic 840. On January 1, 2019, we recorded operating lease ROU assets of $16.5 million and operating lease liabilities of $17.3 million, related to real estate and equipment leases, based on the present value of the future lease payments on the date of adoption.

The components of lease cost for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018, respectively.~~2019 are as follows (in millions):



	Classification	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019		Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Operating lease cost	Facilities and grounds expense	$	1.0	$	1.9
Short-term lease cost	Facilities and grounds expense	$	0.1	$	0.2

Finance lease cost:
Depreciation of leased assets	Depreciation and amortization	$	0.1	$	0.2
Interest on lease liabilities	Interest expense	0.1		0.2
Total finance lease cost		0.2		0.4
Total lease cost		$	1.3	$	2.5

Variable lease expense was immaterial for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019.

Supplemental cash flow information related to our leases for the six months ended June 30, 2019 is as follows (in millions):



	Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Cash paid for operating leases included in operating activities	$	1.9
Cash paid for finance leases included in financing activities	0.4

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new leases for the six months ended June 30, 2019 is as follows (in millions):



	Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities⁽¹⁾	$	8.2
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	—




(1)	During the three months ended June 30, 2019, we modified an existing operating lease to extend the term through 2030. As a result of this modification, we increased our lease liabilities and right-of-use assets by $8.2 million.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases as of June 30, 2019 is as follows (in millions):



Lease Type	Balance Sheet Classification	June 30, 2019
Operating lease right-of-use assets	Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	23.5
Finance lease right-of-use assets⁽¹⁾	Property, plant and equipment, net	5.5
Total right-of-use assets		$	29.0

Operating	Current portion of operating lease obligations	$	1.5
Finance	Current portion of finance lease obligations	0.3
Total current lease liabilities		1.8
Operating	Obligations under operating leases, net of current portion	22.7
Finance	Obligations under finance leases, net of current portion	6.0
Total non-current lease liabilities		28.7
Total lease liabilities		$	30.5




(1)	Finance lease right-of-use assets are presented net of accumulated depreciation of $1.9 million.

The average lease terms and discount rates as of June 30, 2019 are as follows:



	Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)	Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases	11.4	8.1	%
Finance leases	7.5	8.2	%

The aggregate future lease payments for operating and finance leases as of June 30, 2019 are as follows (in millions):



	Operating			Finance
Lease payments due:
Remainder of 2019	$	1.9		$	0.4
2020	3.3			0.8
2021	3.7			0.8
2022	3.3			0.8
2023	3.2			0.8
Thereafter	21.6			7.1
Total lease payments	37.0			10.7
Less: Interest	(12.8		)	(4.4		)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	24.2		$	6.3

As ofJune 30, 2019, we had no additional significant operating or finance leases that had not yet commenced.

14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

~~16.~~Faria, et al. v. Carriage Funeral Holdings, Inc., Superior Court of California, Contra Costa County, Case No. MSC18-00606. On March 26, 2018, six Plaintiffs filed a putative class action against Carriage Funeral Holdings, Inc., our subsidiary, their alleged employer, on behalf of themselves and all similarly situated current and former employees. Plaintiffs seek monetary damages and claim that Carriage Funeral Holdings, Inc. failed to pay minimum wages, provide meal and rest breaks, provide accurately itemized wage statements, reimburse employees for required expenses, and provide wages when due. Plaintiffs also claim that Carriage Funeral Holdings, Inc. violated California Business and Professions Code §17200 et seq. On June 5, 2018, Plaintiffs filed a First Amended Complaint to add a claim under the California Private Attorney General Act. On October 23, 2018, the parties mediated this matter and executed a Memorandum of Understanding for class settlement. In February 2019, a Class Action Settlement Agreement was fully executed, which was preliminarily approved by the Court. The class claims process is underway. At December 31, 2018, we accrued $650,000 for the estimated settlement amount related to this case. At June 30, 2019, the amount accrued remains adequate.

15.STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

During the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, we had two stock benefits plans under which restricted stock, stock options and performance awards have been granted or remain outstanding: the Second Amended and Restated 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Amended and Restated 2006 Plan”) and the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”). The Amended and Restated 2006 Plan was terminated upon the approval of the 2017 Plan at the annual shareholders meeting on May 17, ~~2017. The~~2017, however, the termination of the Amended and Restated 2006 Plan does not affect the awards previously issued and outstanding under the Amended and Restated 2006 Plan.

All stock-based plans are administered by the Compensation Committee appointed by our Board of Directors (the “Board”). The 2017 Plan provides for grants of options as non-qualified options or incentive stock options, restricted stock and performance awards. The 2017 Plan expires on May 17, 2027.

The status of each of the plans at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 is as follows (shares in thousands):


	Shares Reserved		Shares Available to Issue	Options Outstanding	Performance Awards Outstanding ⁽²⁾	Shares Reserved		Shares Available to Issue	Options Outstanding	Performance Awards Outstanding ⁽²⁾
Amended and Restated 2006 Plan	—		—	1,435	297	—		—	945	—
2017 Plan	1,953	⁽¹⁾	1,405	223	229	2,705	⁽¹⁾	1,906	152	497
Total	1,953		1,405	1,658	526	2,705		1,906	1,097	497




(1)	Amount includes approximately ~~398,000~~1,150,000 shares granted from the Amended and Restated 2006 Plan that were returned to the Company due to cancellations, to pay taxes on restricted stock vestings and to pay option price and taxes on option exercises.
(2)	Performance Awards are reserved at 200% of shares granted which is equal to the maximum payout in shares.

Restricted Stock

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we issued restricted stock to our leadership team and certain key employees totaling 86,260 shares that vest over a three-year period and had an aggregate grant date market value of approximately $2.2 million at a weighted average stock price of $25.18. We recorded stock-based compensation expense, which is included in General, administrative and other expenses, for restricted stock awards of ~~$174,000~~$220,000 and ~~$215,000, during~~$211,000, for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and 2019, respectively and $465,000 and $428,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively. ~~We recorded stock-based~~

As of June 30, 2019, we had approximately $1.8 million of total unrecognized compensation ~~expense for~~costs related to unvested restricted stock awards, ~~of $547,000 and $681,000, during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2018, respectively.~~

~~Stock Options~~

~~During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we granted 212,853 options~~which are expected to ~~our leadership team and certain key employees at~~be recognized over a weighted average ~~exercise price~~period of ~~$25.43. These options will vest in one-fifth increments over a five-year period and have a ten-year term. The fair value of these options was~~ approximately ~~$1.4 million.~~1.9 years.

~~The fair value of the options granted were estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:~~



	~~2018~~
~~Dividend yield~~	~~1.18~~	%
~~Expected volatility~~	~~27.08~~	%
~~Risk-free interest rate~~	~~2.65~~	%
~~Expected holding period (years)~~	~~5.0~~
~~Black-Scholes value~~	~~$6.38~~

Stock Options

We recorded stock-based compensation expense, which is included in General, administrative and other expenses, for stock options of ~~approximately $335,000~~$236,000 and ~~$238,000, during~~$149,000, for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018, respectively. We recorded stock-based compensation expense~~2019, respectively and $716,000 and $353,000 for ~~stock options of approximately $1,154,000 and $955,000, during~~ the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

Performance Awards

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we granted 113,320 performance awards to our leadership team and certain key employees, payable in shares. These awards will vest (if at all) on December 31, 2022, provided that certain criteria, including but not limited to, Adjusted Consolidated EBITDA (Adjusted Earnings Before Interest Tax Depreciation and Amortization) and Adjusted Consolidated EBITDA Margin performance is achieved and the individual has remained continuously employed by Carriage through such date. The Adjusted Consolidated EBITDA performance represents 50% of the award and the Adjusted Consolidated EBITDA Margin performance represents 50% of the award. The fair value of these performance awards was approximately $2.9 million and was determined by using the stock price on the grant date of $25.43.

We recorded stock-based compensation expense, which is included in General, administrative and other expenses, for performance awards of ~~$208,000~~$344,000 and ~~$344,000 during~~$58,000 for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018, respectively. We recorded stock-based compensation expense~~2019, respectively and $620,000 and $77,000 for ~~performance awards of $465,000 and $964,000 during~~ the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

During the three months ended September 30, 2018, employees purchased a total of 12,506 shares of common stock through our ESPP at a weighted average price of $18.32 per share. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, employees purchased a total of 36,947 shares of common stock through our ESPP at a weighted average price of $20.46 per share. We recorded stock-based compensation expense, which is included in General, administrative and other expenses, for the ESPP totaling approximately ~~$60,000~~$53,000 and ~~$58,000~~$61,000 for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018, respectively. We recorded stock-based compensation expense~~2019, respectively and $150,000 and $166,000 for the ~~ESPP totaling approximately $204,000 and $208,000 for the nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

~~The fair value of the right (option) to purchase shares under the ESPP is estimated at the date of purchase with the four quarterly purchase dates using the following assumptions:~~



	~~2018~~
~~Dividend yield~~	~~0.01~~	%
~~Expected volatility~~	~~20.89~~	%
~~Risk-free interest rate~~	~~1.44%, 1.61%, 1.72%, 1.83%~~
~~Expected life (years)~~	~~0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00~~

Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility during the previous twelve months of the underlying common stock. The risk-free rate for the quarterly purchase periods is based on the U.S. Treasury yields in effect at the time of the purchase. The expected life of the ESPP grants represents the calendar quarters from the beginning of the year to the purchase date (end of each quarter).

Director Compensation

Effective May 16, 2018, our Board revised the Director Compensation Policy such that any Director may elect to receive their annual retainer, which is paid in quarterly installments, in unrestricted shares of our common stock, $0.01 par value by providing written notice as set forth in the Director Compensation Policy. The number of shares of such common stock shall be determined by dividing the cash amount of the retainer by the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant, which shall be the last business day of each quarter. Such common stock shall vest immediately upon grant. Any written notice to receive the retainer in common stock shall remain effective until notice otherwise is made in writing. Our Board also revised the Director Compensation Policy such that the new Director grant of $25,000 shall vest immediately. Prior to this change, the stock grant vested 50% immediately and 25% on each of the first and second anniversaries of admission.

Pursuant to the revised Director Compensation Policy described above, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we granted 3,926 shares of our common stock to three Directors, which were valued at approximately $88,205 at a weighted average stock price of $22.47.

We recorded stock-based compensation expense, which is included in General, administrative and other expenses, related to annual retainers and ~~restricted~~common stock awards of ~~$90,000~~$118,000 and ~~$133,000~~$114,000 for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018, respectively. We recorded stock-based compensation expense related to annual retainers~~2019, respectively and ~~restricted stock awards of $271,000~~$202,000 and ~~$336,000~~$228,000 for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

Share Repurchase

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, we repurchased 400,000 shares of common stock for a total cost of $7.8 million at an average cost of $19.39 per share pursuant to our share repurchase program. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, we had approximately ~~$26.0~~$0.6 million available for repurchases under our share repurchase program. ~~During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we did not purchase any shares of common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program.~~

Cash Dividends

~~For~~During the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, our Board declared the following dividends payable on the dates below (in ~~thousands,~~millions, except per share amounts):


2017	Per Share		Dollar Value
March 1st	$	0.050	$	833
June 1st	$	0.050	$	835
September 1st	$	0.050	$	835
2018					Per Share		Dollar Value
March 1^st					$	0.075	$	1.2
June 1^st					$	0.075	$	1.4

2018	Per Share		Dollar Value
March 1st	$	0.075	$	1,207
June 1st	$	0.075	$	1,433
September 4th	$	0.075	$	1,436
2019					Per Share		Dollar Value
March 1^st					$	0.075	$	1.4
June 3^rd					$	0.075	$	1.4

Accumulated other comprehensive income

Our components of accumulated other comprehensive income are as follows (in ~~thousands)~~millions):



	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Balance at December 31, ~~2017~~2018	$	—
Decrease in net unrealized gains associated with available-for-sale securities of the trusts	(343.1		)
Reclassification of net unrealized gain activity attributable to the Deferred preneed funeral and cemetery receipts held in trust and Care trusts’ corpus	343.1
Balance at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019	$	—

~~17.~~16.EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018~~2019 (in thousands, except per share data):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2018			2017			2018			2018			2019			2018			2019
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income	$	3,038		$	2,200		$	14,532		$	14,303		$	2,747		$	4,862		$	12,103		$	11,387
Less: Earnings allocated to unvested restricted stock	(10		)	(11		)	(52		)	(79		)	(14		)	(21		)	(67		)	(52		)
Income attributable to common stockholders	$	3,028		$	2,189		$	14,480		$	14,224		$	2,733		$	4,841		$	12,036		$	11,335

Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per common share - weighted average shares outstanding	16,476			19,060			16,575			17,701			17,916			17,959			17,010			18,008
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options	335			101			332			123			212			29			240			35
Convertible Notes	787			—			980			449			117			—			674			—
Denominator for diluted earnings per common share - weighted average shares outstanding	17,598			19,161			17,887			18,273			18,245			17,988			17,924			18,043

Basic earnings per common share:	$	0.18		$	0.11		$	0.87		$	0.80		$	0.15		$	0.27		$	0.71		$	0.63
Diluted earnings per common share:	$	0.17		$	0.11		$	0.81		$	0.78		$	0.15		$	0.27		$	0.67		$	0.63

The fully diluted weighted average shares outstanding for the ~~nine~~three and six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2018 and the corresponding calculation of fully diluted earnings per share, include approximately ~~449,000~~117,000 and 674,000 shares, respectively that would have been issued upon conversion of our Convertible Notes as a result of the application of the if-converted method prescribed by the

FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. For the three and six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, there were no shares ~~that would have been issued upon conversion under the if-converted method. There were approximately 787,000 and 980,000 shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017~~ that would have been issued upon conversion under the if-converted method.

For the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2018, approximately ~~1,065,000~~645,000 and ~~1,041,000~~600,000 stock options, respectively were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the inclusion of such stock options would result in an antidilutive effect. For the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017,~~2019, approximately ~~455,000~~1,094,000 and ~~320,000~~1,200,000 stock options, respectively were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per ~~share.~~share because the inclusion of such stock options would result in an antidilutive effect.

~~18.~~17.MAJOR SEGMENTS OF BUSINESS

We conduct funeral and cemetery operations only in the United States. The following table presents ~~revenues, gross profit~~revenue, operating income (loss), income (loss) before income taxes and total assets by segment (in thousands):

Funeral Cemetery Corporate Consolidated
Revenues:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 $ 49,843
$ 14,398
$ —
$ 64,241
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 47,329
13,725
—
61,054

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 $ 156,969
$ 44,506
$ —
$ 201,475
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 150,279
42,784
—
193,063

Gross profit (loss):
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 $ 13,644
$ 3,470
$ (6,849 ) $ 10,265
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 12,570
2,910
(6,535 ) 8,945

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 $ 45,962
$ 12,165
$ (20,754 ) $ 37,373
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 45,951
11,288
(20,704 ) 36,535

Income (loss) before income taxes:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 $ 13,417
$ 3,560
$ (13,590 ) $ 3,387
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 12,394
3,002
(10,836 ) 4,560

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 $ 45,244
$ 12,406
$ (38,282 ) $ 19,368
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 45,414
11,609
(33,208 ) 23,815

Total assets:
September 30, 2018 $ 694,995
$ 238,546
$ 15,179
$ 948,720
December 31, 2017 665,483
251,243
4,807
921,533



	Funeral		Cemetery		Corporate			Consolidated
Revenue:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019	$	52,507	$	15,245	$	—		$	67,752
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018	48,532		15,315		—			63,847

Six Months Ended June 30, 2019	$	108,670	$	28,163	$	—		$	136,833
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018	107,126		30,108		—			137,234

Operating income (loss):
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019	$	14,624	$	4,626	$	(6,061	)	$	13,189
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018	12,654		4,171		(6,844		)	9,981

Six Months Ended June 30, 2019	$	32,700	$	8,150	$	(12,062	)	$	28,788
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018	32,318		8,695		(13,905		)	27,108

Income (loss) before income taxes:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019	$	14,418	$	4,852	$	(12,262	)	$	7,008
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018	12,414		4,254		(12,921		)	3,747

Six Months Ended June 30, 2019	$	32,279	$	8,438	$	(24,508	)	$	16,209
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018	31,828		8,846		(24,693		)	15,981

Total assets:
June 30, 2019	$	702,202	$	239,799	$	15,387		$	957,388
December 31, 2018	686,470		226,475		4,557			917,502

~~19.~~18.SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Balance Sheet

The detail of certain balance sheet accounts as of December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 (in thousands):


	December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018		December 31, 2018		June 30, 2019
Other current assets:
Prepaid and other current assets:
Prepaid expenses					$	1,456	$	1,300
Federal income taxes receivable	$	—	$	1,383	923		—
State income taxes receivable	889		1,279		422		—
Other current assets	97		136		210		112
Total other current assets	$	986	$	2,798
Total prepaid and other current assets					$	3,011	$	1,412

Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations:
Term note	$	15,000	$	—
Acquisition debt	1,927		2,118
Capital leases	324		327
Total current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations	$	17,251	$	2,445

Other current liabilities:
Federal income taxes payable	$	1,120	$	633
Deferred rent	241		265
Total other current liabilities	$	1,361	$	898

Accrued liabilities:
Accrued and other liabilities:
Accrued salaries and wages	$	2,643	$	1,428	$	4,088	$	3,948
Accrued incentive compensation	6,412		4,505		7,395		3,993
Accrued vacation	2,417		2,602		2,358		2,494
Accrued insurance	1,832		1,933		3,188		3,992
Accrued interest	1,271		7,299		1,856		1,928
Accrued ad valorem and franchise taxes	1,003		2,099		904		1,561
Accrued commissions	461		499		441		466
Other accrued liabilities	1,520		1,300		1,178		1,683
Total accrued liabilities	$	17,559	$	21,665
Federal income taxes payable					962		1,851
Deferred rent					274		—
Total accrued and other liabilities					$	22,644	$	21,916

Other long-term liabilities:
Deferred rent	$	966	$	765	$	692	$	—
Incentive compensation	1,287		1,263		1,563		1,249
Contingent consideration	1,125		1,127		878		671
Total other long-term liabilities	$	3,378	$	3,155	$	3,133	$	1,920

~~20.~~19.SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On October 24, 2018, the Board approved the First Amendment to The Carriage Services, Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Amendment”). The Amendment clarifies that unless otherwise specified in writing, unvested awards are forfeited when a recipient’s employment with the Company is terminated for any reason.

On October 29, 2018, Mark R. Bruce informed us that he would resign from his position as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, effective November 1, 2018. In connection with his resignation,July 31, 2019, we entered into a ~~separation and release agreement (the “Separation Agreement”) with Mr. Bruce, which provides~~second amendment to the Credit Facility. The Amendment increases the amount of proceeds of revolving loans that we are permitted to use for ~~(i) continuation~~the repurchase of ~~Mr. Bruce’s base salary for 18 months; and (ii) payment by the Company~~shares of ~~continued coverage under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act for~~our common stock from $30 million to $50 million.

On July 31, 2019, our Board approved a share repurchase program authorizing us to purchase up to ~~18 months,~~an aggregate of $25 million of our common stock in accordance with Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The shares may be purchased from time to time in the extent Mr. Bruce makes such an election. The Separation Agreement, which terminates Mr. Bruce’s employment agreement with the Company, contains customary release, confidentiality, non-competition, non-solicitation and non-disparagement provisions.open market or in privately negotiated transactions.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

In addition to historical information, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain statements and information that may constitute forward-looking statements within the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements, other than statements of historical information, should be deemed to be forward-looking statements. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding any projections of earnings, ~~revenues,~~revenue, asset sales, cash flow, debt levels or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations; any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance; any statements of belief; and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing and are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effect on us. The words “may”, “will”, “estimate”, “intend”, “believe”, “expect”, “seek”, “project”, “forecast”, “foresee”, “should”, “would”, “could”, “plan”, “anticipate” and other similar words or expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, which are generally not historical in nature. While management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable as and when made, there can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we anticipate. All comments concerning our expectations for future ~~revenues~~revenue and operating results are based on our forecasts for our existing operations and do not include the potential impact of any future acquisitions. Our forward-looking statements involve significant risks and uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or projections. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those summarized below:

the ability to find and retain skilled personnel;

our ability to execute our growth strategy;

the execution of our Standards Operating, 4E ~~leadership~~Leadership and Standard Acquisition Models;

the effects of competition;

changes in the number of deaths in our markets;

changes in consumer preferences;

our ability to generate preneed sales;

the investment performance of our funeral and cemetery trust funds;

fluctuations in interest rates;

our ability to obtain debt or equity financing on satisfactory terms to fund additional acquisitions, expansion projects, working capital requirements and the repayment or refinancing of indebtedness;

the timely and full payment of death benefits related to preneed funeral contracts funded through life insurance contracts;

the financial condition of third-party insurance companies that fund our preneed funeral contracts;

increased or unanticipated costs, such as insurance or taxes;

our level of indebtedness and the cash required to service our indebtedness;

~~recent~~ changes in federal income tax laws and regulations and the implementation and interpretation of these laws and regulations by the Internal Revenue Service;

effects of the application of other applicable laws and regulations, including changes in such regulations or the interpretation thereof;

consolidation of the funeral and cemetery industry; and

other factors and uncertainties inherent in the funeral and cemetery industry.

For additional information regarding known material factors that could cause our actual results to differ from our projected results, please see (i) Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and (ii) Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

~~Readers~~Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date they are made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.


Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

OVERVIEW

General

Carriage Services, Inc. (“Carriage,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) was founded in 1991 to strategically consolidate and operate funeral homes and cemeteries in the fragmented death care industry. We are a leading U.S. provider of funeral and cemetery services and merchandise. We provide funeral and cemetery services and products on both an “atneed” (time of death) and “preneed” (planned prior to death) basis. We operate in two business segments: funeral home operations, which currently account for approximately ~~78%~~80% of our ~~revenues,~~revenue, and cemetery operations, which currently account for approximately ~~22%~~20% of our ~~revenues.~~revenue.

At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, we operated ~~182~~181 funeral homes in 29 states and 29 cemeteries in 11 states. We compete with other publicly held funeral and cemetery companies and smaller, privately-owned independent operators. We believe we are a market leader in most of our markets.

Funeral Home Operations

Our funeral homes offer a complete range of high value personal services to meet a family’s funeral needs, including consultation, the removal and preparation of remains, the sale of caskets and related funeral merchandise, the use of funeral home facilities for visitation and remembrance services and transportation services. Factors affecting our funeral operating results include, but are not limited to: demographic trends relating to population growth and average age, which impact death rates and number of deaths; establishing and maintaining leading market share positions supported by strong local heritage and relationships; effectively responding to increasing cremation trends by selling complementary services and merchandise; controlling salary and merchandise costs; and exercising pricing leverage to increase average revenue per contract.

Cemetery Operations

Our cemeteries provide interment rights (grave sites and mausoleum spaces) and related merchandise, such as markers and outer burial containers both on an atneed and preneed basis. ~~We provide funeral~~Factors affecting our cemetery operating results include, but are not limited to: the size and ~~cemetery services~~success of our sales organization; local perceptions and ~~products~~heritage of our cemeteries; our ability to adapt to changes in the economy and consumer confidence; and our response to fluctuations in capital markets and interest rates, which affect investment earnings on ~~both an “atneed” (time of death)~~trust funds, finance charges on installment contracts and ~~“preneed” (planned prior to death) basis.~~our securities portfolio within the trust funds.

Business Strategy

Our business strategy is based on ~~the leadership and entrepreneurial empowerment of our~~strong, local leadership ~~at the individual business level, rather than a centralized model. We operate a decentralized,~~with entrepreneurial ~~business model~~principles that is focused on sustainable long-term market share, revenue, and ~~margin~~profitability growth in each local business. We believe Carriage has the most innovative operating model in the funeral and cemetery industry, which ~~attracts top entrepreneurial~~we are able to achieve through a decentralized, high-performance culture operating framework linked with incentive compensation programs that attract top-quality industry talent to our organization.

Our Mission Statement states that “we are committed to being the most professional, ethical and highest quality funeral and cemetery service organization in our industry” and our Guiding Principles state our core values, which are comprised of:

Honesty, Integrity and Quality in All That We ~~Do;~~Do

Hard work, Pride of Accomplishment, and Shared Success Through Employee ~~Ownership;~~Ownership

Belief in the Power of People Through Individual Initiative and ~~Teamwork;~~Teamwork

Outstanding Service and Profitability Go ~~Hand-in-Hand; and~~Hand-in-Hand

Growth of the Company Is Driven by Decentralization and ~~Partnership.~~Partnership

Our five Guiding Principles collectively embody our Being The Best high-performance culture, operating framework. Our operations and business strategy are built upon the execution of the following three models:

Standards Operating ~~Model;~~Model

4E Leadership ~~Model; and~~Model

Strategic Acquisition ~~Model.~~Model

Standards Operating Model

Our Standards Operating Model is focused on growing local market share, ~~people development,~~service and guest experience and key operating and financial metrics that drive long-term, sustainable revenue growth and improved ~~cash~~ earning power of ~~each local business~~our portfolio of businesses by employing leadership and entrepreneurial principles that ~~support~~fit the nature of our high-value personal service business. Standards Achievement is the measure by which we judge the success of each business and incentivize our local managers and their teams. Our Standards Operating Model is not designed to produce maximum short-term earnings because we believe such performance is unsustainable and will ultimately stress the business, which very often leads to declining market share, ~~revenues~~revenue and earnings.

4E Leadership Model

Our 4E Leadership Model requires strong local leadership in each business to grow an entrepreneurial, decentralized, high-value, personal service and sales business at sustainable profit margins. Our 4E Leadership Model is based upon principles established by Jack Welch during his tenure at General Electric, and is based upon 4E qualities essential to succeed in a high-performance culture: Energy to get the job done; the ability to Energize others; the Edge necessary to make difficult decisions; and the ability to Execute and produce results. To achieve a high level within our Standards in a business year after year, we require local Managing Partners that have the 4E Leadership skills to entrepreneurially grow the business by hiring, training and developing highly motivated and productive local teams.

Strategic Acquisition Model

Our Standards Operating Model led to the development of our Strategic Acquisition Model, which guides our acquisition strategy. We believe that both models, when executed effectively, will drive long-term, sustainable increases in market share, revenue, earnings and cash flow. We believe a primary driver of higher revenue and profits in the future will be the execution of our Strategic Acquisition Model using strategic ranking criteria to assess acquisition candidates. As we execute this strategy over time, we expect to acquire larger, higher margin strategic businesses.

Our belief in our Mission Statement and Guiding Principles that define us and proper execution of the three models that define our strategy have given us the competitive advantage in any market in which we compete. We believe that we can execute our three models without proportionate incremental investment in our consolidation platform infrastructure and without additional fixed regional and corporate overhead. This gives us a competitive advantage that is evidenced by the sustained earning power of our portfolio as defined by our EBITDA margin.

~~REPORTING AND NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES~~

We also present our financial performance in our “Operating and Financial Trend Report” (“Trend Report”) as reported in our earnings release for the quarter ending September 30, 2018 dated October 31, 2018 and discussed in the corresponding earnings conference call. This Trend Report is used as a supplemental financial measurement statement by management and investors to compare our current financial performance with our previous results and with the performance of other companies. We do not intend for this information to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for other measures of performance prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The Trend Report is a non-GAAP statement that also provides insight into underlying trends in our business. The Trend Report is not a part of or incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

~~Below is a reconciliation of Net income (a GAAP measure) to Adjusted net income (a non-GAAP measure) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2018 (in thousands):~~

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 2018 2017 2018
Net income $ 3,038
$ 2,200
$ 14,532
$ 14,303
Special items,⁽¹⁾

Accretion of discount on convertible subordinated notes 1,097
246
3,200
1,961
Net loss on early extinguishment of debt —
—
—
740
Loss recorded for expired management contract

—
277
—
277
Natural disaster costs 259
—
259
—
Adjusted net income⁽²⁾
$ 4,394
$ 2,723
$ 17,991
$ 17,281




~~(1)~~	Special items are defined as charges or credits included in our GAAP financial statements that can vary from period to period and are not reflective of costs incurred in the ordinary course of our operations. Special items are typically taxed at the federal statutory rate, except for the Accretion of the discount on convertible subordinated notes, as this is a non-tax deductible item.
~~(2)~~	Adjusted net income is defined as Net income plus adjustments for Special items and other expenses or gains that we believe do not directly reflect our core operations and may not be indicative of our normal business operations.

~~Below is a reconciliation of Gross profit (a GAAP measure) to Operating profit (a non-GAAP measure) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2018 (in thousands):~~

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 2018 2017 2018
Gross profit $ 15,480
$ 17,114
$ 57,239
$ 58,127

Field depreciation and amortization 3,601
4,011
10,719
11,688
Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs 3,937
2,114
9,845
8,662
Operating profit⁽¹⁾
$ 23,018
$ 23,239
$ 77,803
$ 78,477




~~(1)~~	~~Operating profit is defined as Gross profit excluding Field depreciation and amortization and Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs.~~

~~Below is a breakdown of Operating profit (a non-GAAP measure) by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2018 (in thousands):~~

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 2018 2017 2018
Funeral Home segment $ 18,062
$ 18,109
$ 61,161
$ 61,154
Cemetery segment 4,956
5,130
16,642
17,323
Operating profit $ 23,018
$ 23,239
$ 77,803
$ 78,477

Operating profit margin⁽¹⁾
37.7 % 36.2 % 40.3 % 39.0 %




~~(1)~~	~~Operating profit margin, a non-GAAP measure, is Operating profit as a percentage of Total revenues.~~

~~Further discussion of Operating profit for our Funeral Home and Cemetery segments is presented herein under “Results of Operations.”~~

~~Financial Highlights~~

~~Three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to three months ended September 30, 2017~~

Total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $64.2 million and $61.1 million, respectively, which represents an increase of approximately $3.1 million, or 5.1%. Funeral revenue increased $2.5 million to $49.8 million and cemetery revenue increased $0.6 million to $14.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. For the quarter comparatives, we experienced a 5.1% increase in total funeral contracts, while the average revenue per funeral contract remained flat. In addition, we experienced an increase of 13.1% in the number of preneed interment rights (property) sold and an increase of 3.8% in the average price per interment right sold as a result of sales of higher-valued gardens constructed in recent years at certain of our same store businesses. Further discussion of revenue for our funeral home and cemetery segments on a same store and acquired basis is presented herein under “Results of Operations.”

Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2018 increased $1.6 million, or 10.6%, to $17.1 million, from $15.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to the increase in acquisition funeral revenue and the decrease in field incentive compensation and natural disaster costs, offset by a decline in same store funeral revenue.

Further discussion of the components of Gross profit, excluding field depreciation and amortization and regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs is presented herein under “Results of Operations” within our funeral home and cemetery segments. Further discussion of field depreciation and amortization and regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs are presented herein under “Other Financial Statement Items.”

Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased $0.8 million to $2.2 million, equal to $0.11 per diluted share, compared to net income of $3.0 million, equal to $0.17 per diluted diluted share, for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Further discussion of general, administrative and other expenses, home office depreciation and amortization expense, interest expense, income taxes and other components of income and expenses are presented herein under “Other Financial Statement Items.”

~~During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we entered into a series of transactions to recapitalize our Balance Sheet~~. ~~Further discussion of this is presented herein under “Balance Sheet Recapitalization.”~~

~~Nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to nine months ended September 30, 2017~~

Total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $201.5 million and $193.1 million, respectively, which represents an increase of approximately $8.4 million, or 4.4%. Funeral revenue increased $6.7 million to $157.0 million and cemetery revenue increased $1.7 million to $44.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. For the period comparatives, we experienced a 5.2% increase in total funeral contracts, offset by a decrease of 0.7% in the average revenue per funeral contract. In addition, we experienced an increase of 2.9% in the number of preneed interment rights (property) sold and an increase of 7.8% in the average price per interment right sold. Further discussion of revenue for our funeral home and cemetery segments on a same store and acquired basis is presented herein under “Results of Operations.”

Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 increased $0.9 million, or 1.6%, to $58.1 million, from $57.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to the increase in acquisition funeral revenue and the decrease in field incentive compensation, offset by a decline in same store funeral revenue and higher salaries and benefits costs (including higher health care costs) across all funeral home businesses.

Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 decreased $0.2 million to $14.3 million, equal to $0.78 per diluted share, compared to net income of $14.5 million, equal to $0.81 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Further discussion of general, administrative and other expenses, home office depreciation and amortization expense, interest expense, income taxes and other components of income and expenses are presented herein under “Other Financial Statement Items.”

~~Balance Sheet Recapitalization~~

On May 7, 2018, we used the remaining capacity from the Eighth Amendment to complete our exchange (the “Exchange”) of approximately $115.0 million of our 2.75% convertible subordinated notes due March 15, 2021 (the “Convertible Notes”), which represented approximately 80% of the aggregate principal amount of our Convertible Notes then outstanding.

On May 31, 2018, we completed the issuance of $325.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.625% senior notes due 2026 (the “Senior Notes”). We used approximately $291.4 million of the net proceeds from the sale of the Senior Notes to repay all amounts outstanding under our Former Credit Agreement and all commitments thereunder were terminated.

On May 31, 2018, we entered into a new $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “New Credit Facility”) with our subsidiary guarantors, certain financial institutions, as lenders, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent.

~~Further discussion of these transactions is presented herein under “Liquidity And Capital Resources.”~~

~~OVERVIEW OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES~~

The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience, third-party data and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these considerations form the basis for making judgments about the amount and timing of revenues and expenses, the carrying value of assets and the recorded amounts of liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates and such estimates may change if the underlying conditions or assumptions change. Historical performance should not be viewed as indicative of future performance because there can be no assurance the margins, operating income and net earnings, as a percentage of revenues, will be consistent from year to year.

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (“MD&A”) is based upon our Consolidated Financial Statements presented herewith, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. Our critical accounting policies are discussed in MD&A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

~~RESULTS OF OPERATIONS~~

The following is a discussion of our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period of 2017. The term “same store” refers to funeral homes and cemeteries acquired prior to January 1, 2014 and operated for the entirety of each period being presented. Funeral homes and cemeteries purchased after December 31, 2013 are referred to as “acquired.” This classification of acquisitions has been important to management and investors in monitoring the results of these businesses and to gauge the leveraging performance contribution that a selective acquisition program can have on total company performance. The term “divested” when discussed in the Funeral Home Segment, refers to one business sold during 2017. The term “divested” when discussed in the Cemetery Segment, refers to three cemetery businesses that we ceased to operate on September 30, 2018, as a result of an expired management agreement. Depreciation and amortization, within our field costs and expenses and regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs, are not included in operating profit, a non-GAAP financial measure. Adding back these items will result in Gross profit, a GAAP financial measure.

~~Funeral Home Segment~~

The following tables set forth certain information regarding the revenues and operating profit from our funeral home operations for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to three months ended September 30, 2017 (in thousands, except percentages):

Three Months Ended September 30, Change
2017 2018 Amount %
Revenues:
Same store operating revenue $ 38,787
$ 37,456
$ (1,331 ) (3.4 )%
Acquired operating revenue 6,467
10,300
3,833
59.3 %
Divested revenue 144
—
(144 ) n/a
Preneed funeral insurance commissions 315
360
45
14.3 %
Preneed funeral trust earnings 1,616
1,727
111
6.9 %
Total $ 47,329
$ 49,843
$ 2,514
5.3 %

Operating profit:

Same store operating profit $ 14,196
$ 12,735
$ (1,461 ) (10.3 )%
Acquired operating profit 2,093
3,588
1,495
71.4 %
Divested profit 70
—
(70 ) n/a
Preneed funeral insurance commissions 120
93
(27 ) (22.5 )%
Preneed funeral trust earnings 1,583
1,693
110
6.9 %
Total $ 18,062
$ 18,109
$ 47
0.3 %

Funeral home same store operating revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased $1.3 million or 3.4%, when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017. This was due primarily to a 3.5% decrease in same store contract volumes to 6,968, while the average revenue per contract remained flat at $5,375. The average revenue per contract excludes the impact of the preneed funeral trust earnings (separately reflected in ~~Revenues~~ above) recognized at the time that we provide the services pursuant to the preneed contract. Including preneed funeral trust earnings, the average revenue per contract increased 0.4% to $5,579 in the three months ended September 30, 2018. The average revenue per burial contract increased by 2.8% to $9,079, while the number of burial contracts decreased 6.3% to 2,782. The average revenue per cremation contract increased by 1.8% to $3,413, while the number of cremation contracts decreased 2.9% to 3,639.

The burial rate for our same store businesses decreased 120 basis points to 39.9%, while the cremation rate increased 30 basis points to 52.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017. The average revenue for “other” contracts, which are charges for merchandise or services for which we do not perform a funeral service and which made up approximately 7.9% of the total number of contracts in the three months ended September 30, 2018, decreased 18.0% to $2,191.

Same store operating profit for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased $1.5 million, or 10.3%, when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017 primarily due to the decrease in same store revenue. Our same store operating profit margin (same store operating profit as a percentage of same store operating revenue) decreased by 260 basis points to 34.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The decline in same store operating profit margin is primarily the result of an increase in salaries and benefits expenses, which increased $0.3 million, or 3.0% and other deterioration of expense management for the three months ended September 30, 2018 when compared to the three months ended

~~September 30, 2017. The increase in these salaries and benefits costs was due to higher health care costs and continuous upgrading of personnel at our same store businesses.~~

Funeral home acquired operating revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 increased $3.8 million, or 59.3%, when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017. The funeral home acquired portfolio for the three months ended September 30, 2018 includes seven businesses acquired in the fourth quarter of 2017 and four businesses acquired in the third quarter of 2018, not present in the three months ended September 30, 2017 results. While we experienced a decrease in the average revenue per contract of 5.1% to $6,045, the total number of contracts increased 67.9% to 1,704. The average revenue per contract excludes the impact of the preneed funeral trust earnings (reflected separately in ~~Revenues~~ above) recognized at the time that we provide the services pursuant to the preneed contract. Including funeral trust earnings, the average revenue per contract decreased 5.5% to $6,146 in the three months ended September 30, 2018. The average revenue per burial contract increased 1.7% to $9,666 and the number of burial contracts increased 61.1% to 712. The average revenue per cremation contract decreased 14.2% to $3,875, while the number of cremation contracts increased 73.4% to 841. The increase in the number of cremation contracts was primarily due to the businesses we acquired in Colorado in the fourth quarter of 2017, as these were not present in the prior period. The decrease in the average revenue per cremation contract was due to the higher number of cremation contracts for which we did not perform additional services at these businesses.

The burial rate for our acquired businesses decreased 170 basis points to 41.8%, while the cremation rate increased 160 basis points to 49.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017. The average revenue for “other” contracts, which are charges for merchandise or services for which we do not perform a funeral service and which made up approximately 8.9% of the total number of contracts in the three months ended September 30, 2018, decreased 8.4% to $2,202.

Acquired operating profit for the three months ended September 30, 2018 increased $1.5 million, or 71.4%, when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017. Acquired operating profit margin increased 240 basis points to 34.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The increase is primarily due to the two Virginia businesses we acquired in July 2018, which are not present in the three months ended September 30, 2017 results. These businesses have high contract volume with a higher operating profit margin compared to our other acquired businesses.

~~Funeral home divested operating revenues and operating profit are from one business divested in December 2017.~~

The two categories of financial revenue consist of preneed funeral insurance commission revenue and preneed funeral trust earnings. Preneed funeral insurance commission revenue increased by 14.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Preneed funeral insurance commission revenue is deferred for one year after the preneed funeral contracts are sold, thus, the preneed commission revenue recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2018 is from the preneed funeral insurance contracts sold in the three months ended September 30, 2017. The number of preneed insurance contracts sold in the three months ended September 30, 2017 decreased 5.9%, while the face value of the insurance products that earned commissions increased 2.0% compared to the contracts sold during the same period of 2016. Preneed funeral trust earnings include trust management fees charged by our wholly-owned registered investment advisor based on the fair market value of the trust assets and earnings from the maturity of preneed funeral contracts. Trust earnings increased $0.1 million, or 6.9%, for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase is due to an increase in earnings from the maturity of preneed contracts.

Operating profit for our two categories of financial revenue, on a combined basis, increased $0.1 million, or 4.9%, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017.

The following tables set forth certain information regarding the revenues and operating profit from our funeral home operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to nine months ended September 30, 2017 (in thousands, except percentages):

Nine Months Ended September 30, Change
2017 2018 Amount %
Revenues:
Same store operating revenue $ 121,914
$ 120,449
$ (1,465 ) (1.2 )%
Acquired operating revenue 21,687
29,908
8,221
37.9 %
Divested revenue 441
—
(441 ) n/a
Preneed funeral insurance commissions 951
974
23
2.4 %
Preneed funeral trust earnings 5,286
5,638
352
6.7 %
Total $ 150,279
$ 156,969
$ 6,690
4.5 %

Operating profit:
Same store operating profit $ 47,172
$ 44,462
$ (2,710 ) (5.7 )%
Acquired operating profit 8,242
10,884
2,642
32.1 %
Divested profit 216
(3 ) (219 ) n/a
Preneed funeral insurance commissions 329
285
(44 ) (13.4 )%
Preneed funeral trust earnings 5,202
5,526
324
6.2 %
Total $ 61,161
$ 61,154
$ (7 ) — %

Funeral home same store operating revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 decreased $1.5 million, or 1.2%, when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This was due primarily to a 0.6% decrease in the average revenue per contract to $5,334, and a 0.6% decrease in same store contract volumes to 22,580. The average revenue per contract excludes the impact of the preneed funeral trust earnings (separately reflected in ~~Revenues~~ above) recognized at the time that we provide the services pursuant to the preneed contract. Including preneed funeral trust earnings, the average revenue per contract decreased 0.3% to $5,542 in the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The average revenue per burial contract increased 1.0% to $8,965, while the number of burial contracts decreased 3.2% to 8,978. The average revenue per cremation contract increased 1.5% to $3,419 and the number of cremation contracts increased 0.9% to 11,923.

The burial rate for our same store businesses decreased 100 basis points to 39.8%, while the cremation rate increased 80 basis points to 52.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The average revenue for “other” contracts, which are charges for merchandise or services for which we do not perform a funeral service and which made up approximately 7.4% of the total number of contracts in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, decreased 9.8% to $2,321.

Same store operating profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 decreased $2.7 million, or 5.7%, when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. In addition to the decrease in same store revenue, same store operating profit margin (same store operating profit as a percentage of same store operating revenue) decreased by 180 basis points to 36.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The decline in same store operating profit margin is primarily the result of an increase in salaries and benefits expenses, which increased $1.5 million, or 4.4% and other deterioration of expense management for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in these salaries and benefits costs was due to higher health care costs and continuous upgrading of personnel at our same store businesses.

Funeral home acquired operating revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 increased $8.2 million, or 37.9%, when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The funeral home acquired portfolio for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 includes seven businesses acquired in the fourth quarter of 2017 and four businesses acquired in the third quarter of 2018, not present in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 results. We experienced a 45.5% increase in the total number of contracts to 4,857, while the average revenue per contract decreased 5.2% to $6,158. The average revenue per contract excludes the impact of the preneed funeral trust earnings (reflected separately in ~~Revenues~~ above) recognized at the time that we provide the services pursuant to the preneed contract. Including funeral trust earnings, the average revenue per contract decreased 5.7% to $6,268 in the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The average revenue per burial contract increased 2.0% to $9,731 and the number of burial contracts increased 33.8% to 2,064. The average revenue per cremation contract decreased 11.3% to $3,961, while the number of cremation contracts increased 58.6% to 2,392. The increase in the number of cremation contracts was primarily due to the businesses we acquired in Colorado in the fourth quarter of 2017, as these were not present in the prior

~~period. The decrease in the average revenue per cremation contract was due to the higher number of cremation contracts for which we did not perform additional services at these businesses.~~

The burial rate for our acquired businesses decreased 370 basis points to 42.5%, while the cremation rate increased 400 basis points to 49.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The average revenue for “other” contracts, which are charges for merchandise or services for which we do not perform a funeral service and which made up approximately 8.3% of the total number of contracts in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, decreased 13.8% to $2,205.

Acquired operating profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 increased $2.6 million, or 32.1%, when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Although acquired operating revenue increased, acquired operating profit margin decreased 160 basis points to 36.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The decrease is primarily due to the seven businesses we acquired in the fourth quarter of 2017, as operating profit margins for these acquired businesses were lower compared to our other acquired businesses, particularly with regard to higher salaries and benefits expenses.

Funeral home divested operating revenues and operating profit are from one business divested in December 2017. Expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 are residual expenses incurred for the divested business.

The two categories of financial revenue consist of preneed funeral insurance commission revenue and preneed funeral trust earnings. Preneed funeral insurance commission revenue increased by 2.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Preneed funeral insurance commission revenue is deferred for one year after the preneed funeral contracts are sold, thus, the preneed commission revenue recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is from the preneed funeral insurance contracts sold in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The number of preneed insurance contracts sold in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 decreased 5.7%, while the face value of the insurance products that earned commissions increased 8.5% compared to the contracts sold during the same period of 2016. Preneed funeral trust earnings include trust management fees charged by our wholly-owned registered investment advisor based on the fair market value of the trust assets and earnings from the maturity of preneed funeral contracts. Trust earnings increased $0.4 million, or 6.7%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase is due to an increase in earnings from the maturity of preneed contracts.

Operating profit for our two categories of financial revenue, on a combined basis, increased $0.3 million, or 5.1%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

~~Cemetery Segment~~

The following tables set forth certain information regarding the revenues and operating profit from our cemetery operations for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017 (in thousands, except percentages):

Three Months Ended September 30, Change
2017 2018 Amount %
Revenues:
Same store operating revenue $ 9,688
$ 10,439
$ 751
7.8 %
Acquired operating revenue 761
652
(109 ) (14.3 )%
Divested revenue 1,338
1,479
$ 141
10.5 %
Cemetery trust earnings 1,556
1,392
(164 ) (10.5 )%
Preneed cemetery finance charges 382
436
54
14.1 %
Total $ 13,725
$ 14,398
$ 673
4.9 %

Operating profit:
Same store operating profit $ 2,669
$ 2,891
$ 222
8.3 %
Acquired operating profit 200
116
(84 ) (42.0 )%
Divested profit 259
407
$ 148
57.1 %
Cemetery trust earnings 1,446
1,280
(166 ) (11.5 )%
Preneed cemetery finance charges 382
436
54
14.1 %
Total $ 4,956
$ 5,130
$ 174
3.5 %

Cemetery same store operating revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 increased $0.8 million, or 7.8%, when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017. Approximately 60.0% of our cemetery same store operating revenue related to preneed sales of interment rights (property) and related merchandise and services for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Preneed revenue increased $0.8 million, or 15.5% as we experienced a 16.4% increase in the number of preneed interment rights sold to 1,602 and a 3.7% increase in average price per interment right to $3,524 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The increase in the average price per interment was a result of sales in higher-valued gardens constructed in recent years at certain of our same store businesses. Same store atneed revenue, which represents approximately 40.0% of our same store cemetery operating revenues, decreased $0.1 million, or 1.9%, due primarily to a 3.8% decrease in the number of contracts to 2,651, offset by an increase of 2.0% in the average sale per contract to $1,593.

Cemetery same store operating profit for the three months ended September 30, 2018 increased $0.2 million, or 8.3%, from the same period in 2017. Cemetery same store operating profit as a percentage of cemetery same store operating revenue (cemetery operating profit margin) increased to 27.7% in the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 27.5% in the same period in 2017. The increase in cemetery same store operating profit margin is primarily due to the increase in revenue.

Cemetery acquired operating revenue decreased $0.1 million, or 14.3%, and cemetery acquired operating profit also decreased $0.1 million, or 42.0%, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Our acquired cemetery portfolio consists of only one cemetery business that experienced both a decrease in the number of preneed interment rights sold and a decrease in average price per interment right for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

~~Cemetery divested operating revenues and operating profit are from three cemetery businesses that we ceased to operate on September 30, 2018, as a result of an expired management agreement.~~

The two categories of financial revenue consist of trust earnings and finance charges on preneed receivables. Trust earnings also include trust management fees charged by our wholly-owned registered investment advisor based on the fair market value of the trust assets. Total trust earnings and financial revenue earned from finance charges decreased $0.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The decrease is primarily due to a decrease in interest income earned in the investment portfolio due to a lower allocation to fixed income securities in our perpetual care trust in the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

The following tables set forth certain information regarding the revenues and operating profit from our cemetery operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (in thousands, except percentages):

Nine Months Ended September 30, Change
2017 2018 Amount %
Revenues:
Same store operating revenue $ 29,820
$ 31,698
$ 1,878
6.3 %
Acquired operating revenue 2,370
2,530
160
6.8 %
Divested revenue 4,612
4,712
$ 100
2.2 %
Cemetery trust earnings 4,815
4,327
(488 ) (10.1 )%
Preneed cemetery finance charges 1,167
1,239
72
6.2 %
Total $ 42,784
$ 44,506
$ 1,722
4.0 %

Operating profit:
Same store operating profit $ 8,991
$ 9,901
$ 910
10.1 %
Acquired operating profit 743
852
109
14.7 %
Divested profit 1,208
1,376
$ 168
13.9 %
Cemetery trust earnings 4,533
3,955
(578 ) (12.8 )%
Preneed cemetery finance charges 1,167
1,239
72
6.2 %
Total $ 16,642
$ 17,323
$ 681
4.1 %

Cemetery same store operating revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 increased $1.9 million, or 6.3%, when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Approximately 60.0% of our cemetery same store operating revenue related to preneed sales of interment rights (property) and related merchandise and services for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Preneed revenue increased $1.6 million, or 9.5%, as we experienced a 6.6% increase in average price per interment right to $3,561 and a 4.5% increase in the number of preneed interment rights sold to 4,558 for the nine months ended September 30,

2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The increase in the average price per interment was a result of sales in higher-valued gardens constructed in recent years at certain of our same store businesses. During the first and second quarters of 2018, we recognized revenue from a completed large garden at a certain cemetery business. Same store atneed revenue, which represents approximately 40.0% of our same store cemetery operating revenues, increased $0.3 million, or 2.0%, due primarily to a 5.7% increase in the average sale per contract to $1,550, offset by a decrease of 3.5% in the number of contracts to 8,484.

Cemetery same store operating profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 increased $0.9 million, or 10.1%, from the same period in 2017. Cemetery same store operating profit as a percentage of cemetery same store operating revenue (cemetery operating profit margin) increased to 31.2% in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 30.2% in the same period in 2017. The increase in cemetery same store operating profit margin is due to the increase in revenue, offset by a $0.7 million increase in expenses. The categories with significant increases include $0.4 million of facilities and grounds expenses and $0.4 million of promotional expenses, offset by a $0.1 million decrease in bad debt expense.

Cemetery acquired operating revenue increased $0.2 million, or 6.8%, and acquired operating profit increased $0.1 million, or 14.7%, from the same period in 2017. Cemetery acquired operating profit as a percentage of cemetery acquired operating revenue (cemetery operating profit margin) increased to 33.7% in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 31.4% in the same period in 2017. Our acquired cemetery portfolio consists of only one cemetery business that experienced both increased revenue and better management of expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period 2017.

~~Cemetery divested operating revenues and operating profit are from three cemetery businesses that we ceased to operate on September 30, 2018, as a result of an expired management agreement.~~

The two categories of financial revenue consist of trust earnings and finance charges on preneed receivables. Trust earnings also include trust management fees charged by our wholly-owned registered investment advisor based on the fair market value of the trust assets. Total trust earnings and financial revenue earned from finance charges decreased $0.4 million, or 7.0%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The decrease is primarily due to gains realized in the perpetual care trust during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 that were not present in the same period in 2018.

Operating profit for trust earnings and financial revenue earned from finance charges decreased $0.5 million or 8.9% in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The decrease is due to decreased perpetual care trust revenue and higher general and administrative costs in our registered investment advisor firm.

~~Other Financial Statement Items~~

~~Depreciation and Amortization~~

Depreciation and amortization related to our field and home office totaled $4.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, an increase of $0.5 million, or 12.8%, from the three months ended September 30, 2017. Depreciation and amortization related to our field and home office totaled $13.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, an increase of $1.2 million, or 10.3%, from the nine months ended September 30, 2017. These increases were primarily attributable to additional depreciation expense from assets acquired in our 2017 and 2018 acquisitions.

~~Regional and Unallocated Funeral and Cemetery Costs~~

Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs consist of salaries and benefits for regional management, field incentive compensation and other related costs for field infrastructure. Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs totaled $2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, a decrease of $1.8 million, or 46.3%, compared to the same period in 2017, primarily due to a $1.1 million decrease in field incentive compensation in line with Standards Achievement at certain businesses, a $0.5 million decrease in other general administrative costs and a $0.3 million decrease in natural disaster costs, offset by a $0.1 million increase in severance expenses.

Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs totaled $8.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, a decrease of $1.2 million, or 12.0%, compared to the same period in 2017, primarily due to a $0.6 million decrease in other general administrative costs, a $0.5 million decrease in field incentive compensation in line with Standards Achievement at certain businesses and a $0.3 million decrease in natural disaster costs, offset by a $0.2 million increase in salaries and benefits expenses.

~~General, Administrative and Other~~

General, administrative and other expenses totaled $6.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, an increase of $0.2 million, or 3.4%, compared to the same period in 2017. The increase was attributable to a $0.2 million increase in acquisition expenses and a $0.1 million increase in equity compensation, offset by a $0.1 million decrease in incentive compensation.

General, administrative and other expenses totaled $19.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, a decrease of $0.2 million, or 1.1%, compared to the same period in 2017. The decrease was attributable to a $0.5 million decrease in public company and regulatory costs, a $0.4 million decrease in salaries and benefits expenses, a $0.3 million decrease in severance

expenses and a $0.1 million decrease in other general administrative costs, offset by a $0.5 million increase in equity compensation, a $0.3 million increase in health care costs, a $0.3 million increase in acquisition expenses.

~~Interest Expense~~

Interest expense was $6.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $3.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of approximately $3.0 million due to the following: (i) an increase of $5.5 million related to our Senior Notes; and (ii) an increase of $0.1 million related to capital leases, offset by; (iii) a decrease of $1.7 million related to our Former Credit Agreement; and (iv) a decrease of $0.9 million related to the Exchange of our Convertible Notes.

Interest expense was $14.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $9.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of approximately $5.3 million due to the following: (i) an increase of $7.4 million related to our Senior Notes; and (ii) an increase of $0.2 million related to capital leases, offset by; (iii) a decrease of $1.4 million related to the Exchange of our Convertible Notes; and (iv) a decrease of $0.9 million related to our Former Credit Agreement.

~~Accretion of Discount on Convertible Notes~~

For the three months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized accretion of the discount on our Convertible Notes of $0.2 million compared to $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, a decrease of approximately $0.9 million, which was attributable to the Exchange of our Convertible Notes.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized accretion of the discount on our Convertible Notes of $2.0 million compared to $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, a decrease of approximately $1.2 million, which was attributable to the Exchange of our Convertible Notes.

~~Net Loss on Early Extinguishment of Debt~~

~~For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized a net loss of approximately $0.9 million on the early extinguishment of debt for the following transactions:~~

(i) a loss of approximately $1.6 million related to the termination of our Former Credit Agreement, which consisted of a write-off of approximately $0.7 million of transaction costs related to the Eighth Amendment and a write-off of approximately $0.9 million of unamortized debt issuance costs related to the Former Credit Agreement;

(ii) a net gain of approximately $1.2 million related to the redemption of our Convertible Notes, which consisted of a gain of approximately $2.5 million on the difference between the fair value and the carrying amount of the liability component of our Convertible Notes immediately preceding the Exchange and a loss of approximately $1.3 million related to the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs due to the Exchange of our Convertible Notes; and

~~(iii) a loss of approximately $0.5 million related to transaction costs incurred for the redemption of our Convertible Notes.~~

~~Other, net~~

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized a loss of approximately $0.3 million on an expired management agreement with a Florida municipality and as a result, we ceased to operate three of our cemetery businesses on September 30, 2018.

~~Income Taxes~~

Income tax expense was $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Income tax expense was $5.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $9.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. We recorded income taxes at the estimated effective rate, before discrete items, of 30.3% and 28.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 40.0% for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease in the effective tax rate in 2018 compared to 2017 is primarily attributable to the reduction of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to 21% from 35% resulting from enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “TCJA”). The discrete items include income tax benefit related to stock compensation and refunds received from the completion of state income tax audits, income tax expense related to state tax rate changes and other non-material discrete state items.

We adopted the provisions of Topic 606 using the modified retrospective approach, effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of this topic did not have a material impact on the effective tax rate for the reporting period.

We have approximately $33.4 million of state net operating loss carry forwards that will expire between 2019 and 2039, if not utilized. Based on management’s assessment of the various state net operating losses, it has been determined that it is more likely than not that we will not be able to realize the tax benefits of certain portions of the state losses. Accordingly, a valuation allowance has been established and is reviewed quarterly. At September 30, 2018, the valuation allowance totaled $0.2 million.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are internally generated cash flows from operating activities and availability under our ~~New Credit Facility.~~senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”).

We generate cash in our operations primarily from atneed sales and delivery of preneed sales. We also generate cash from earnings on our cemetery perpetual care trusts. Based on our recent operating results, current cash position and anticipated future cash flows, we do not anticipate any significant liquidity constraints in the foreseeable future. However, if our capital expenditures or acquisition plans change, we may need to access the capital markets to obtain additional funding. Further, to the extent operating cash flow or access to and cost of financing sources are materially different than expected, future liquidity may be adversely affected. Please read Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

We intend to use cash on hand and future borrowings under our ~~New~~ Credit Facility to acquire funeral home and cemetery businesses and for internal growth projects, such as cemetery inventory development and funeral home expansion projects, and for payment of ~~dividends.~~dividends and our debt obligations. From time to time we may also use our cash resources (including borrowings under our ~~New~~ Credit Facility) to repurchase shares of our common stock and our ~~Convertible Notes~~remaining 2.75% convertible notes due 2021 in open market or privately negotiated transactions. We have the ability to draw on our ~~senior secured revolving credit facility,~~Credit Facility, subject to its customary terms and ~~conditions of the New Credit Facility.~~conditions. We believe that our existing and anticipated cash resources will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital requirements, capital expenditures, scheduled debt payments, commitments, dividends and acquisitions for the foreseeable future.

Cash Flows

We began ~~2018~~2019 with ~~$1.0~~$0.6 million in cash and ~~other liquid investments and~~ ended the ~~third~~second quarter with ~~$9.5 million in cash.~~$0.7 million. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, we had no borrowings of $24.6 million outstanding on our ~~New~~ Credit Facility compared to ~~$92.0~~$27.1 million outstanding ~~under our Former Credit Agreement~~ as of December 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

The following table sets forth the elements of cash flow for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018~~2019 (in ~~millions)~~thousands):


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2018			2018			2019
Cash at January 1^st	$	3.3		$	1.0
Cash at beginning of year							$	952		$	644

Cash flow from operating activities	30.8			38.7			26,281			21,912
Acquisitions and land for new construction	(0.7		)	(38.0		)

Net proceeds from the sale of other assets	0.4			—			—			100
Growth capital expenditures	(6.8		)	(2.8		)	(1,366		)	(4,479		)
Maintenance capital expenditures	(6.3		)	(6.2		)	(3,714		)	(4,175		)
Cash flow from investing activities							(5,080		)	(8,554		)

Net payments on long-term debt obligations	(1.7		)	(220.5		)	(220,328		)	(3,410		)
Payment of debt issuance costs related to long-term debt	—			(1.6		)	(1,551		)	—
Redemption of the Convertible Notes	—			(75.2		)
Payment of transaction costs related to the redemption of the Convertible Notes	—			(0.8		)
Redemption of the Convertibles Notes							(75,229		)	(27		)
Payment of transaction costs related to the redemption of the Convertibles Notes							(845		)	—
Proceeds from the issuance of the Senior Notes	—			320.1			320,125			—
Payment of debt issuance costs related to the Senior Notes	—			(1.4		)	(1,367		)	—
Taxes paid on restricted stock vestings and exercise of non-qualified options	(0.5		)	(0.7		)
Net proceeds from employee equity plans							213			601
Dividends paid on common stock	(2.5		)	(4.1		)	(2,640		)	(2,725		)
Purchase of treasury stock	(16.4		)	—			—			(7,756		)
Other financing costs	1.2			0.9
Cash at September 30^th	$	0.8		$	9.5
Cash flow from financing activities							18,378			(13,317		)

Cash at end of the period							$	40,531		$	685

Operating Activities

For the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019, cash flow provided by operating activities was ~~$38.7~~$21.9 million compared to cash flow provided by operating activities of ~~$30.8~~$26.3 million for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017.~~2018. The ~~increase~~decrease of ~~$7.9~~$4.4 million iswas due primarily to ~~favorable working capital changes, which include~~ a ~~payment made~~$5.0 million net increase in 2017 for accrued severance for the retirement of a former executive, which did not occur in 2018. In addition, we paid twelve Managing Partners in 2017 (largest plan participant year), compared to three Managing Partners in 2018 under our ~~Good To Great~~ ~~incentive compensation plan.~~

~~Finally, we have accrued~~ interest ~~expense for~~payments on our Senior Notes, ~~that will be paid in December 2018, that were not accrued in the prior year.~~Convertible Notes and Credit Facility.

Investing Activities

Our investing activities, resulted in a net cash outflow of ~~$47.0~~$8.6 million for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~$13.4~~$5.1 million for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September 30, 2017, a decrease of $33.6 million. During the nine months ended September~~June 30, 2018, we purchased four funeral home businesses for approximately $38.0 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we purchased land for a funeral home parking lot expansion project for approximately $0.7an increase of $3.5 million.

For the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, capital expenditures totaled ~~$9.0~~$8.7 million compared to ~~$13.1~~$5.1 million ~~a decrease~~for the six months ended June 30, 2018, an increase of ~~$4.1~~$3.6 million. The following tables present our growth and maintenance capital expenditures (in millions):


	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2018		2018		2019
Growth
Cemetery development	$	3.0	$	1.6	$	0.9	$	2.6
Construction for new funeral facilities	2.5		—		0.1		—
Renovations at certain businesses(1)	1.3		1.2		0.4		1.9
Total	$	6.8	$	2.8	$	1.4	$	4.5

Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 2018
Maintenance
Facility repairs and improvements $ 1.8
$ 1.5
Vehicles 1.7
2.0
General equipment and furniture 1.6
1.7
Paving roads and parking lots 1.0
0.5
Information technology infrastructure improvements 0.2
0.5
Total $ 6.3
$ 6.2




(1)	During the six months ended June 30, 2019, we spent approximately $1.0 million for renovations on our four Panama City businesses that were affected by Hurricane Michael, which was reimbursed by our property insurance policy.



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2019
Maintenance
Facility repairs and improvements	$	0.7	$	1.0
Vehicles	1.3		1.2
General equipment and furniture	1.1		1.5
Paving roads and parking lots	0.3		0.4
Information technology infrastructure improvements	0.3		0.1
Total	$	3.7	$	4.2

Financing Activities

Our financing activities resulted in a net cash ~~inflow~~outflow of ~~$16.8~~$13.3 million for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 compared to a net cash ~~outflow~~inflow of ~~$19.9~~$18.4 million for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017, an increase~~2018, a decrease of ~~$36.7~~$31.7 million. During the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2019, we had net payments on our long-term debt obligations of $3.4 million, paid $2.7 million in dividends and repurchased treasury stock for $7.8 million.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we had net borrowings on our Senior Notes of $318.8 million, offset by net payments on our long-term debt obligations of ~~$222.1~~$221.9 million and a payment of $76.1 million to exchange our Convertible Notes. We also paid ~~$4.1 million in dividends.~~

~~During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we had net payments on our long-term debt obligations of $1.7 million. We purchased treasury stock for $16.4 million and paid $2.5~~$2.6 million in dividends.

Dividends

~~For~~During the ~~three and nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, our Board declared the following dividends payable on the dates below (in ~~thousands,~~millions, except per share amounts):


2017	Per Share		Dollar Value
March 1^st	$	0.050	$	833
June 1^st	$	0.050	$	835
September 1^st	$	0.050	$	835

2018	Per Share		Dollar Value		Per Share		Dollar Value
March 1^st	$	0.075	$	1,207	$	0.075	$	1.2
June 1^st	$	0.075	$	1,433	$	0.075	$	1.4
September 4^th	$	0.075	$	1,436

2019					Per Share		Dollar Value
March 1^st					$	0.075	$	1.4
June 3^rd					$	0.075	$	1.4

Share Repurchase

Long-term Debt and Lease Obligations

~~On April 25, 2018, we entered into an Eighth Amendment, which amended the Former Credit Agreement~~The outstanding principal of our long-term debt and lease obligations at June 30, 2019 is as follows:

~~(i) increase the aggregate revolving credit commitment to $200 million;~~



	June 30, 2019
Credit Facility	$	24.6
Finance leases	6.3
Operating leases	24.2
Acquisition debt	8.2
Total long-term debt and lease obligations	$	63.3

~~(iii) modify the maximum senior secured leverage ratio covenant; and~~

~~(iv) release the mortgage liens of the Administrative Agent on certain real property collateral located in a flood plain, among other things.~~

~~Following the effectiveness of the Eighth Amendment, the Former~~ Credit Agreement was comprised of a $200 million revolving credit facility and a $150 million term loan. Under the Former Credit Agreement, as amended by the Eighth Amendment, we were required to comply with a covenant to maintain a maximum senior secured leverage ratio. We incurred approximately $0.7 million in transaction costs related to the Eighth Amendment of our Former Credit Agreement, which were recorded in ~~Net loss on early extinguishment of debt~~.

On May 7, 2018, we used the remaining capacity from the Eighth Amendment to redeem approximately 80% of the then outstanding aggregate principal amount of our Convertible Notes. We recognized (i) a net gain of approximately $1.2 million related to the redemption of our Convertible Notes; and (ii) a loss of approximately $0.5 million related to transaction costs incurred for the redemption of our Convertible Notes, all of which were recorded in ~~Net loss on early extinguishment of debt~~.Facility

On May 31, 2018, we completed the issuance of $325.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our 6.625% Senior ~~Notes.~~Notes due 2026 (the “Senior Notes”) and related guarantees in a private offering under Rule 144A and Regulation S of the Securities Act.

On May 31, 2018, we used approximately $291.4 million of the net proceeds from the sale of the Senior Notes to repay all amounts outstanding under our ~~Former~~former secured credit facility, dated as of August 20, 2012 (as amended, the “Former Credit ~~Agreement and all commitments thereunder were terminated.~~Agreement”). In connection with the repayment in full of all amounts due thereunder, the Former Credit Agreement was retired and $2.0 million of letters of credit previously issued under the Former Credit Agreement were deemed issued under (and remain outstanding under) the New Credit Facility. We did not incur any material early termination penalties in connection with the repayment of the Former Credit Agreement. In connection with the termination of the Former Credit Agreement, we recognized (i) a loss of approximately $0.7 million related to the Eighth Amendment transaction costs; and (ii) a loss of approximately $0.9 million of unamortized debt issuance costs related to the Former Credit Agreement, all of which were recorded in ~~Net loss on early extinguishment of debt~~.retired.

On May 31, 2018, ~~in connection with the issuance of the Senior Notes,~~ we entered into a ~~$150~~$150.0 million ~~New~~ Credit Facility with ~~Credit Facility Guarantors (as defined below),~~ the financial institutions party thereto, as lenders, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent. Our obligations under the ~~New~~ Credit Facility are unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by the same subsidiaries which guarantee the Senior Notes and certain of our subsequently acquired or organized domestic subsidiaries (collectively, the “Credit Facility Guarantors”).

~~As of September 30, 2018, we had no outstanding borrowings under the New Credit Facility and $16.3 million in acquisition indebtedness and capital lease obligations. We had~~have one letter of credit issued on November 30, ~~2017~~2018 and outstanding under the ~~New~~ Credit Facility for approximately $2.0 million, which bears interest at 2.125% and will expire on November ~~26, 2018.~~25, 2019. The letter of credit automatically renews annually and secures our obligations under our various self-insured policies. Outstanding borrowings under our ~~New~~ Credit Facility bear interest at either a prime rate or a LIBOR rate, plus an applicable margin based upon our leverage ratio. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the prime rate margin was equivalent to 1.00% and the LIBOR margin was 2.00%. ~~As we had no outstanding borrowings under the New Credit Facility during the three months ended September 30, 2018, the~~The weighted average interest rate on our ~~New~~ Credit Facility was ~~zero. For~~3.9% and 4.0% for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2018, the~~2019, respectively. The weighted average interest rate on our Former Credit Agreement was 4.2% and 4.0%.

~~As of September~~ for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.

We have no material assets or operations independent of our subsidiaries. All assets and operations are held and conducted by subsidiaries, each of which have fully and unconditionally guaranteed our obligations under the Credit Facility. Additionally, we do not currently have any significant restrictions on our ability to receive dividends or loans from any Credit Facility Guarantors.

We were in compliance with the covenants contained in the ~~New~~ Credit Facility as of June 30, 2019, with a leverage ratio of ~~4.86~~5.05 to 1.00 and a fixed charge coverage ratio of ~~1.95~~2.15 to 1.00.

Amortization of debt issuance costs related to our ~~New~~ Credit Facility was ~~approximately $41,000~~$54,000 and ~~$54,000~~$108,000 for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2019, respectively and amortization of debt issuance costs related to our Former Credit Agreement was $45,000 and $140,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.

Lease Obligations

On January 1, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and subsequent amendments, collectively referred to as (“Topic 842”). As a result, on January 1, 2019, we recorded operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets of $16.5 million and operating lease liabilities of $17.3 million related to real estate and equipment leases, based on the present value of the future lease payments on the date of adoption. Lease expense related to our operating leases and short-term leases was $1.0 million and $0.1 million, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and $1.9 million and $0.2 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Depreciation expense related to our finance leases was $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. Interest expense related to our finance leases was $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.

During the three months ended June 30, 2019, we modified an existing operating lease to extend the term through 2030. As a result of this modification, we increased our lease liabilities and right-of-use assets by $8.2 million.

Acquisition Debt

Convertible Subordinated Notes due 2021

On March 19, 2014, we issued $143.75 million aggregate principal amount of our ~~Convertible Notes.~~2.75% convertible notes due March 15, 2021 (the “Convertible Notes”). The Convertible Notes bear interest at 2.75% per year. Interest on the Convertible Notes began to accrue on March 19, 2014 and is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year.

On May 7, 2018, we completed ~~our Exchange~~privately-negotiated exchanges (the “Exchange”) of approximately $115.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes, ~~in privately negotiated exchange agreements~~which represented 80% of the aggregate principal amount of our Convertible Notes then outstanding, with a limited number of convertible noteholders, for approximately $74.8 million in cash (plus accrued interest of $0.4 million totaling $75.2 million) and 2,822,859 newly issued shares of our common stock, par value $.01 per share, pursuant to a private placement in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The cash portion of the exchange consideration was funded from our Former Credit Agreement. Following the settlement of the Exchange, the aggregate principal amount of our Convertible Notes outstanding was reduced to approximately $28.8 million.

~~We incurred approximately $0.8 million in transactions costs related to the Exchange~~aggregate principal amount of our Convertible Notes outstanding was reduced to $6.3 million.

On April 4, 2019, we completed a privately-negotiated repurchase of ~~which approximately $0.5 million was expensed and recorded~~an additional $25,000 in ~~Net loss on early extinguishment~~aggregate principal amount of ~~debt~~ ~~and approximately $0.3 million was allocated to the equity component and recorded in~~ ~~Additional paid-in capital~~.Convertible Notes then outstanding for $27,163.

At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the carrying amount of the equity component was approximately ~~$3.6~~$0.8 million, the principal amount of the liability component was approximately ~~$28.8~~$6.3 million and the net carrying amount was approximately ~~$25.7~~$5.8 million. The remaining unamortized debt discount and the remaining unamortized debt issuance costs are being amortized using the effective interest method over the remaining term of the Convertible Notes. The effective interest rate on the unamortized debt discount for both the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018~~2019 was 11.4%. The effective interest rate on the unamortized debt issuance costs for both the three and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018~~2019 was 3.2%.

Interest expense on the Convertible Notes included contractual coupon interest expense of approximately ~~$1.0 million~~$514,000 and ~~$0.2 million~~$44,000 for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively and approximately ~~$3.0 million~~$1,502,000 and ~~$1.7 million~~$87,000 for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019 respectively. Accretion of the discount on the Convertible Notes was approximately ~~$1.1 million~~$555,000 and ~~$0.2 million~~$60,000 for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively and approximately ~~$3.2 million~~$1,715,000 and ~~$2.0 million~~$117,000 for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. Amortization of debt issuance costs related to our Convertible Notes was approximately ~~$130,000~~$62,000 and ~~$27,000~~$5,000 for the three months ended

~~September~~ June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively and approximately ~~$0.4 million~~$194,000 and ~~$0.2 million~~$11,000 for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

The Convertible Notes are general unsecured obligations and are subordinated in the right of payment to all of our existing and future senior indebtedness and equal in right of payment with our other existing and future subordinate indebtedness. The initial conversion rate of the Convertible Notes, as of March 19, 2014, was 44.3169 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $22.56 per share of common stock. The adjusted conversion rate of the Convertible Notes, in effect at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, is ~~44.8913~~45.2619 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, equivalent to an adjusted conversion price of approximately ~~$22.28~~$22.09 per share of common stock.

Senior Notes due 2026

The Senior Notes bear interest at 6.625% per year. Interest on the Senior Notes began to accrue on May 31, 2018 and is payable semi-annually in arrears on September 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2018 to holders of record on each May 15 and November 15 preceding an interest payment date. The Senior Notes mature on September 1, 2026, unless earlier redeemed or purchased, as such redemption or purchase may be allowed pursuant to the indenture governing the Senior Notes. The Senior Notes are unsecured, senior obligations and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis, jointly and severally, by certain of our existing subsidiaries.

Financial Highlights

Below are our financial highlights for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019 (dollars in thousands except for volumes and averages):



	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2019
Revenue	$	63,847	$	67,752
Funeral contracts	8,653		9,366
Average revenue per contract, including preneed funeral trust earnings	$	5,553	$	5,557
Preneed interment rights (property) sold	1,521		2,056
Average price per interment right sold	$	3,999	$	3,660
Gross profit	$	16,825	$	19,250
Net income	$	2,747	$	4,862

Revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $67.7 million and $63.8 million, respectively, which represents an increase of approximately $3.9 million, or 6.1%. Funeral revenue increased $4.0 million to $52.5 million and cemetery revenue decreased $0.1 million to $15.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. However, excluding revenue from the three cemetery businesses divested in the second half of 2018, cemetery revenue increased $1.3 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018. For the quarter comparatives, we experienced an 8.2% increase in total funeral contracts, while the average revenue per funeral contract remained flat. In addition, we experienced an increase of 35.2% in the number of preneed interment rights (property) sold, while we experienced a decrease of 8.5% in the average price per interment right sold. Further discussion of Revenue for our funeral home and cemetery segments is presented herein under “Results of Operations.”

Gross profit for the three months ended June 30, 2019 increased $2.4 million, or 14.4%, to $19.2 million, from $16.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to the increase in same store funeral revenue. Further discussion of the components of Gross profit for our funeral home and cemetery segments is presented herein under “Results of Operations.”

Net income for the three months ended June 30, 2019 increased $2.1 million to $4.9 million, equal to $0.27 per diluted share, compared to net income of $2.7 million, equal to $0.15 per diluted share, for the three months ended June 30, 2018. Further discussion of General, administrative and other expenses, Home office depreciation and amortization expense, Interest expense, Income taxes and other components of income and expenses are presented herein under “Other Financial Statement Items.”

Below are our financial highlights for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019 (dollars in thousands except for volumes and averages):



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2019
Revenue	$	137,234	$	136,833
Funeral contracts	18,765		19,247
Average revenue per contract, including preneed funeral trust earnings	$	5,662	$	5,597
Preneed interment rights (property) sold	3,210		3,518
Average price per interment right sold	$	3,608	$	3,721
Gross profit	$	41,013	$	40,850
Net income	$	12,103	$	11,387

Revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $136.8 million and $137.2 million, respectively, which represents a decrease of approximately $0.4 million, or 0.3%. Funeral revenue increased $1.5 million to $108.7 million and cemetery revenue decreased $1.9 million to $28.2 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. However, excluding revenue from the three cemetery businesses divested in the second half of 2018, cemetery revenue increased $1.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018. For the period comparatives, we experienced a 2.6% increase in total funeral contracts, while we experienced a 1.1% decrease in the average revenue per funeral contract. In addition, we experienced an increase of 9.6% in the number of preneed interment rights (property) sold and an increase of 3.1% in the average price per interment right sold. Further discussion of Revenue for our funeral home and cemetery segments is presented herein under “Results of Operations.”

Gross profit for the six months ended June 30, 2019 decreased $0.2 million, or 0.4%, to $40.8 million, from $41.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to the three cemetery businesses that were divested in the second half of

2018. Further discussion of the components of Gross profit for our funeral home and cemetery segments is presented herein under “Results of Operations.”

Net income for the six months ended June 30, 2019 decreased $0.7 million to $11.4 million, equal to $0.63 per diluted share, compared to net income of $12.1 million, equal to $0.67 per diluted share, for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Further discussion of General, administrative and other expenses, Home office depreciation and amortization expense, Interest expense, Income taxes and other components of income and expenses are presented herein under “Other Financial Statement Items.”

REPORTING AND NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

We also present our financial performance in our “Operating and Financial Trend Report” (“Trend Report”) as reported in our earnings release for the quarter ending June 30, 2019 dated July 31, 2019 and discussed in the corresponding earnings conference call. This Trend Report is used as a supplemental financial measurement statement by management and investors to compare our current financial performance with our previous results and with the performance of other companies. We do not intend for this information to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for other measures of performance prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The Trend Report is a non-GAAP statement that also provides insight into underlying trends in our business. The Trend Report is not a part of or incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Below is a reconciliation of Net income (a GAAP measure) to Adjusted net income (a non-GAAP measure) for the three and ~~nine~~six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019 (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2019		2018		2019
Net income	$	2,747	$	4,862	$	12,103	$	11,387
Special items ⁽¹⁾, net of tax except for items noted by **
Severance and retirement costs	—		483		—		654
Accretion of discount on convertible subordinated notes**	555		60		1,715		117
Net loss on early extinguishment of debt	740		—		740
Litigation reserve	—		281		—		380
Adjusted net income⁽²⁾	$	4,042	$	5,686	$	14,558	$	12,538




(1)	Special items are defined as charges or credits included in our GAAP financial statements that can vary from period to period and are not reflective of costs incurred in the ordinary course of our operations. Special items are typically taxed at the federal statutory rate, except for the Accretion of the discount on convertible subordinated notes, as this is a non-tax deductible item.
(2)	Adjusted net income is defined as Net income plus adjustments for Special items and other expenses or gains that we believe do not directly reflect our core operations and may not be indicative of our normal business operations.

Below is a reconciliation of Gross profit (a GAAP measure) to Operating profit (a non-GAAP measure) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019 (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2019		2018		2019
Gross profit	$	16,825	$	19,250	$	41,013	$	40,850

Cemetery property amortization	891		1,169		1,799		2,018
Field depreciation expense	3,013		3,059		5,878		6,144
Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs	3,267		3,622		6,548		6,411
Operating profit	$	23,996	$	27,100	$	55,238	$	55,423

Our operations are reported in two business segments: Funeral Home and Cemetery. Below is a breakdown of Operating profit (a non-GAAP measure) by segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019 (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2019			2018			2019
Funeral Home	$	17,953		$	20,420		$	43,045		$	43,587
Cemetery	6,043			6,680			12,193			11,836
Operating profit	$	23,996		$	27,100		$	55,238		$	55,423

Operating profit margin⁽¹⁾	37.6		%	40.0		%	40.3		%	40.5		%




(1)	Operating profit margin is defined as Operating profit as a percentage of Revenue.

Further discussion of Operating profit for our funeral home and cemetery segments is presented herein under “Results of Operations.”

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following is a discussion of our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period of 2018. The term “same store” refers to funeral homes and cemeteries acquired prior to January 1, 2015 and operated for the entirety of each period being presented. Funeral homes and cemeteries purchased after December 31, 2014 are referred to as “acquired.” This classification of acquisitions has been important to management and investors in monitoring the results of these businesses and to gauge the leveraging performance contribution that a selective acquisition program can have on total company performance.

The term “divested” when discussed in the Funeral Home Segment, refers to a business sold in December 2017 that had trailing expenses in 2018. The term “divested” when discussed in the Cemetery Segment, refers to three cemetery businesses that we ceased to operate on September 30, 2018, ~~respectively.~~as a result of an expired management agreement. Cemetery property amortization, Field depreciation expense and Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs, are not included in Operating profit, a non-GAAP financial measure. Adding back these items will result in Gross profit, a GAAP financial measure.

Funeral Home Segment

The following tables set forth certain information related to our Revenue and Operating profit from our funeral home operations for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018 (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2019
Revenue:
Same store operating revenue	$	40,653	$	42,127
Acquired operating revenue	5,666		8,182
Preneed funeral insurance commissions	354		329
Preneed funeral trust earnings	1,859		1,869
Total	$	48,532	$	52,507

Operating profit:
Same store operating profit	$	14,254	$	15,370
Acquired operating profit	1,721		3,091
Preneed funeral insurance commissions	154		134
Preneed funeral trust earnings	1,824		1,825
Total	$	17,953	$	20,420

The following measures reflect the significant metrics over this comparative period:



	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2019
Same store:
Contract volume	7,703			7,993
Average revenue per contract, excluding preneed funeral trust earnings	$	5,278		$	5,271
Average revenue per contract, including preneed funeral trust earnings	$	5,491		$	5,470
Burial rate	38.9		%	38.6		%
Cremation rate	53.4		%	53.7		%

Acquired:
Contract volume	950			1,373
Average revenue per contract, excluding preneed funeral trust earnings	$	5,964		$	5,959
Average revenue per contract, including preneed funeral trust earnings	$	6,050		$	6,064
Burial rate	40.3		%	42.1		%
Cremation rate	51.7		%	50.3		%

Funeral home same store operating revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2019 increased $1.5 million, primarily due to a 3.8% increase in same store contract volumes, while the average revenue per contract remained flat compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018.

Same store operating profit for the three months ended June 30, 2019 increased $1.1 million when compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018 and the comparable operating profit margin increased 140 basis points to 36.5%. The increase is primarily due to the increase in same store revenue coupled with better management of controllable expenses. The higher operating profit margin is a result of the company wide changes implemented in the fourth quarter of 2018 to refocus on operational leadership and high performance operating standards.

Funeral home acquired operating revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2019 increased $2.5 million, as our funeral home acquired portfolio for the three months ended June 30, 2019 includes four businesses acquired in the third quarter of 2018 not present in the three months ended June 30, 2018.

Acquired operating profit for the three months ended June 30, 2019 increased $1.4 million when compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. Operating profit margin increased by 740 basis points to 37.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The increase is primarily due to the businesses acquired in the third quarter of 2018, as operating profit margins for these acquired businesses were higher compared to our remaining acquired portfolio. We additionally had margin improvements in the remaining acquired portfolio as a result of the company wide changes implemented in the fourth quarter of 2018.

Preneed funeral insurance commissions and preneed funeral trust earnings, which are recorded in Other revenue, on a combined basis, remained flat for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. Operating profit for preneed funeral insurance commissions and preneed funeral trust earnings, on a combined basis, also remained flat for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018.

The following tables set forth certain information related to our Revenue and Operating profit from our funeral home operations for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018 (in thousands):



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2019
Revenue:
Same store operating revenue	$	89,773		$	87,629
Acquired operating revenue	12,828			16,622
Preneed funeral insurance commissions	614			688
Preneed funeral trust earnings	3,911			3,731
Total	$	107,126		$	108,670

Operating profit:
Same store operating profit	$	34,577		$	33,338
Acquired operating profit	4,446			6,336
Divested operating (loss)	(3		)	—
Preneed funeral insurance commissions	192			265
Preneed funeral trust earnings	3,833			3,648
Total	$	43,045		$	43,587

The following measures reflect the significant metrics over this comparative period:



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2019
Same store:
Contract volume	16,705			16,483
Average revenue per contract, excluding preneed funeral trust earnings	$	5,374		$	5,316
Average revenue per contract, including preneed funeral trust earnings	$	5,582		$	5,509
Burial rate	39.9		%	38.9		%
Cremation rate	52.8		%	53.4		%

Acquired:
Contract volume	2,060			2,764
Average revenue per contract, excluding preneed funeral trust earnings	$	6,227		$	6,014
Average revenue per contract, including preneed funeral trust earnings	$	6,306		$	6,122
Burial rate	43.0		%	42.8		%
Cremation rate	49.5		%	49.5		%

Funeral home same store operating revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2019 decreased $2.1 million, primarily due to the decrease in same store contract volumes, as well as the slight decrease in the average revenue per contract compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. The contract volume in the first quarter of 2018 was significantly influenced by a severe flu season.

Same store operating profit for the six months ended June 30, 2019 decreased $1.2 million when compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018 and the comparable operating profit margin decreased 50 basis points to 38.0%. The decrease is primarily due to the decrease in same store revenue. Although we experienced an overall decrease in operating expenses of $0.9 million, as a percentage of revenue, certain expenses increased such as general liability insurance costs. This increase was partially offset by a reduction in salaries and benefits as a result of the company wide changes implemented in the fourth quarter of 2018, as well as decreased health insurance costs.

Funeral home acquired operating revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2019 increased $3.8 million, as our funeral home acquired portfolio for the six months ended June 30, 2019 includes four businesses acquired in the third quarter of 2018 not present in the three months ended June 30, 2018. Although we experienced an increase in acquired contract volumes, we experienced decreases in acquired average revenue per burial and cremation contracts due to increased discounts.

Acquired operating profit for the six months ended June 30, 2019 increased $1.9 million when compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. Operating profit margin increased by 340 basis points to 38.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2019

compared to the same period in 2018. The increase is primarily due to the businesses acquired in the third quarter of 2018, as operating profit margins for these acquired businesses were higher compared to our remaining acquired portfolio.

Preneed funeral insurance commissions and preneed funeral trust earnings, which are recorded in Other revenue, on a combined basis, decreased $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 due to a decrease in earnings from the maturity of preneed contracts, offset by an increase in preneed funeral insurance commission income. Operating profit for preneed funeral insurance commissions and preneed funeral trust earnings, on a combined basis, decreased $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 primarily due to the decrease in the earnings from the maturity of preneed contracts.

Cemetery Segment

The following tables set forth certain information related to our Revenue and Operating profit from our cemetery operations for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018 (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2019
Revenue:
Same store operating revenue	$	11,886	$	13,227
Divested revenue	1,622		—
Cemetery trust earnings	1,383		1,623
Preneed cemetery finance charges	424		395
Total	$	15,315	$	15,245

Operating profit:
Same store operating profit	$	3,883	$	4,808
Divested operating profit	472		—
Cemetery trust earnings	1,264		1,477
Preneed cemetery finance charges	424		395
Total	$	6,043	$	6,680

The following measures reflect the significant metrics over this comparative period (dollars in thousands):



	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2019
Same store:
Preneed revenue as a percentage of operating revenue	59		%	64		%
Preneed revenue	$	7,001		$	8,454
Number of preneed interment rights sold	1,521			2,056
Atneed revenue	$	4,885		$	4,773

Cemetery same store operating revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2019 increased $1.3 million, or 11.3%, as we experienced a 35.2% increase in the number of preneed interment rights sold, partially offset by an 8.5% decrease in the average price of interments sold for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. Same store atneed revenue, which represents approximately 36% of our same store operating revenue decreased $0.1 million, as we experienced a a 5.5% decrease in the average sale per contract, which was partially offset by a 3.4% increase in the number of atneed contracts sold in the period.

Cemetery same store operating profit for the three months ended June 30, 2019 increased $0.9 million from the same period in 2018. The comparable operating profit margin increased 360 basis points to 36.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 from 32.7% in the same period in 2018. The higher operating profit margin is a result of the company wide changes implemented in the fourth quarter of 2018 to refocus on operational leadership and high performance operating standards as total cemetery expenses only increased 5.0% compared to the 11.3% increase in operating revenue.

Preneed cemetery trust earnings and preneed cemetery finance charges, which are recorded in Other Revenue, on a combined basis, increased $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The increase is primarily due to increased capital gains from our perpetual care trust in the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018.

The following tables set forth certain information related to our Revenue and Operating profit from our cemetery operations for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018 (in thousands):



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2019
Revenue:
Same store operating revenue	$	23,137	$	24,516
Divested revenue	3,233		—
Cemetery trust earnings	2,935		2,874
Preneed cemetery finance charges	803		773
Total	$	30,108	$	28,163

Operating profit:
Same store operating profit	$	7,746	$	8,469
Divested operating profit	969		—
Cemetery trust earnings	2,675		2,594
Preneed cemetery finance charges	803		773
Total	$	12,193	$	11,836

The following measures reflect the significant metrics over this comparative period (dollars in thousands):



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2019
Same store:
Preneed revenue as a percentage of operating revenue	58		%	62		%
Preneed revenue	$	13,445		$	15,114
Number of preneed interment rights sold	3,210			3,518
Atneed revenue	$	9,692		$	9,402

Cemetery same store operating revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2019 increased $1.4 million, or 6.0%, as we experienced a 9.6% increase in the number of preneed interment rights sold, as well as a 3.1% increase in the average price of interments sold for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. Same store atneed revenue, which represents approximately 38% of our same store operating revenue decreased $0.3 million, as we experienced a 2.5% decrease in the number of atneed contracts.

Cemetery same store operating profit for the six months ended June 30, 2019 increased $0.7 million from the same period in 2018. The comparable operating profit margin increased 100 basis points to 34.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 from 33.5% in the same period in 2018. The higher operating profit margin is a result of the company wide changes implemented in the fourth quarter of 2018 to refocus on operational leadership and high performance operating standards.

Preneed cemetery trust earnings and preneed cemetery finance charges, which are recorded in Other revenue, on a combined basis, decreased $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The decrease is primarily due to a decrease in trust fund earnings due to realized capital losses in our perpetual care trust.

Cemetery property amortization. Cemetery property amortization totaled $1.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $0.3 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. Cemetery property amortization totaled $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $0.2 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in both periods was primarily attributable to the increases in interment rights sold in 2019 compared to 2018.

Field depreciation. Depreciation expense for our field businesses remained flat at $3.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. However, depreciation expense for our field businesses increased $0.3 million to $6.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in the six months ended June 30, 2019, with no increase in the three month period was primarily attributable to assets becoming fully depreciated in the first quarter of 2019.

Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs. Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs consist of salaries and benefits for regional management, field incentive compensation and other related costs for field infrastructure. Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs totaled $3.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $0.4 million

primarily due to a $0.6 million increase in severance expense from the separation of executive operating leadership, offset by a $0.2 million decrease in incentive compensation and other general administrative costs.

Regional and unallocated funeral and cemetery costs totaled $6.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $0.1 million primarily due to a $0.5 million decrease in incentive and stock-based compensation expenses and a $0.3 million decrease in other general administrative costs, offset by a $0.7 million increase in severance expense. These decreases are primarily related to both the separation of executive operating leadership and the cancellation of our performance awards in late 2018.

Other Financial Statement Items

General, administrative and other. General, administrative and other expenses totaled $5.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $0.7 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $0.4 million decrease in incentive and stock-based compensation expenses, a $0.3 million decrease in salaries and benefits, and a $0.3 million decrease in health costs, offset by a $0.3 million increase in acquisition expenses, severance expenses and other general administrative costs.

General, administrative and other expenses totaled $11.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $1.7 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $0.9 million decrease in incentive and stock-based compensation expenses, a $0.7 million decrease in salaries and benefits, and a $0.3 million decrease in health costs, offset by a $0.2 million increase in severance expenses. These decreases are primarily related to both the separation of executive operating leadership and the cancellation of our performance awards in late 2018.

Home office depreciation and amortization. Home office depreciation and amortization expense totaled $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $0.1 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily attributable to corporate machinery and equipment becoming fully depreciated in the first quarter of 2019.

Home office depreciation and amortization expense totaled $0.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $0.1 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily attributable to corporate machinery and equipment being fully depreciated in the first quarter of 2019.

Interest expense. Interest expense was $6.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to $4.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, an increase of $1.6 million, which was attributable to the following: (i) an increase of $3.6 million related to our Senior Notes that were issued in May 2018; offset by (ii) a decrease of $1.5 million related to our Former Credit Agreement; and (ii) a decrease of $0.5 million related to the Exchange of our Convertible Notes.

Interest expense was $12.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to $8.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, an increase of $4.1 million, which was attributable to the following: (i) an increase of $9.1 million related to our Senior Notes that were issued in May 2018; offset by (ii) a decrease of $3.5 million related to our Former Credit Agreement; (ii) a decrease of $1.4 million related to the Exchange of our Convertible Notes; and (iii) a decrease of $0.1 million related to normal amortization of interest on our notes payable.

Accretion of discount on convertible notes. For the three months ended June 30, 2019, we recognized accretion of the discount on our Convertible Notes of $0.1 million compared to $0.6 million for the same period in 2018, a decrease of $0.5 million, which was attributable to the Exchange of our Convertible Notes.

For the six months ended June 30, 2019, we recognized accretion of the discount on our Convertible Notes of $0.1 million compared to $1.7 million for the same period in 2018, a decrease of $1.6 million, which was attributable to the Exchange of our Convertible Notes.

Income taxes. Income tax expense was $2.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $1.1 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. Income tax expense was $4.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $0.9 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. We recorded income taxes at the estimated effective rate, before discrete items, of 29.2% and 28.5% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively and 27.5% for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2018. The discrete items include an income tax expense related to stock compensation, refunds received from the completion of state income tax audits, and income tax expense related to state tax rate changes and other non-material discrete state items.

We have approximately $31.9 million of state net operating loss carry forwards that will expire between 2020 and 2040, if not utilized. Based on management’s assessment of the various state net operating losses, it has been determined that it is more likely than not that we will not be able to realize the tax benefits of certain portions of the state losses. Accordingly, a valuation allowance has been established and is reviewed quarterly. At June 30, 2019, the valuation allowance totaled $0.2 million.

OVERVIEW OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience, third-party data and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these considerations form the basis for making judgments about the amount and timing of revenue and expenses, the carrying value of assets and the recorded amounts of liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates and such estimates may change if the underlying conditions or assumptions change. Historical performance should not be viewed as indicative of future performance because there can be no assurance that our margins, operating income and net income, as a percentage of revenue, will be consistent from year to year.

SEASONALITY

Our business can be affected by seasonal fluctuations in the death rate. Generally, the death rate is higher during the winter months because the incidences of death from influenza and pneumonia are higher during this period than other periods of the year.


Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

In the ordinary course of business, we are typically exposed to a variety of market risks. Currently, these are primarily related to interest rate risk and changes in the values of securities associated with the preneed and perpetual care trusts. Management is actively involved in monitoring exposure to market risk and developing and utilizing appropriate risk management techniques when appropriate and when available for a reasonable price. We are not exposed to any other significant market risks.

The following quantitative and qualitative information is provided about financial instruments to which we are a party at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and from which we may incur future gains or losses from changes in market conditions. We do not enter into derivative or other financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes.

Hypothetical changes in interest rates and the values of securities associated with the preneed and perpetual care trusts chosen for the following estimated sensitivity analysis are considered to be reasonable near-term changes generally based on consideration of past fluctuations for each risk category. However, since it is not possible to accurately predict future changes in interest rates, these hypothetical changes may not necessarily be an indicator of probable future fluctuations.

The following information about our market-sensitive financial instruments constitutes a “forward-looking statement.”

In connection with our preneed funeral operations and preneed cemetery merchandise and service sales, the related funeral and cemetery trust funds own investments in equity and debt securities and mutual funds, which are sensitive to current market prices. Cost and market values of such investments as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 are presented in Item 1, “Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements,” Notes 74, 5 and 107 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The sensitivity of the fixed income securities is such that a 0.25% change in interest rates could change the value of the fixed income securities by approximately ~~1.83%~~1.69%.

We monitor current and forecasted interest rate risk in the ordinary course of business and seek to maintain optimal financial flexibility, quality and solvency. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, we had no outstanding borrowings under the ~~New~~ Credit ~~Facility.~~Facility of $24.6 million. Any future borrowings or voluntary prepayments against the ~~New~~ Credit Facility or any change in the floating rate would cause a change in interest expense. We have the option to pay interest under the ~~New~~ Credit Facility at either prime rate or LIBOR rate plus a margin. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the prime rate margin was equivalent to 1.00% and the LIBOR margin was 2.00%. Assuming the outstanding balance remains unchanged, a change of 100 basis points in our borrowing rate would result in a change in income before taxes of $0.2 million. We have not entered into interest rate hedging arrangements in the past. Management continually evaluates the cost and potential benefits of interest rate hedging arrangements.

Our Convertible Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 2.75% per year. The Convertible Notes do not contain a call feature. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the cost of the Convertible Notes on our Consolidated Balance Sheet was $5.8 million and the fair value of these notes was ~~approximately $31.9~~$6.4 million based on the last traded or broker quoted ~~price.~~price, as reported by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”). Increases in market interest rates may cause the value of the Convertible Notes to decrease, but such changes will not affect our interest costs.

Our Senior Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 6.625% per year. ~~The~~We may redeem all or part of the Senior Notes ~~do not contain~~at any time prior to June 1, 2021 at a ~~call feature.~~redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of Senior Notes redeemed, plus a “make whole” premium, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of redemption. We have the right to redeem the Senior Notes at any time on or after June 1, 2021 at the redemption prices described in the Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the

date of redemption. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the cost of the Senior Notes on our Consolidated Balance Sheet was $319.4 million and the fair value of these notes was ~~approximately $331.9~~$334.8 million based on the last traded or broker quoted ~~price.~~price, as reported by FINRA. Increases in market interest rates may cause the value of the Senior Notes to decrease, but such changes will not affect our interest costs.

The remainder of our long-term debt and leases consists of non-interest bearing notes and fixed rate instruments that do not trade in a market and do not have a quoted market value. Any increase in market interest rates could cause the fair value of those liabilities to decrease, but such changes will not affect our interest costs.


Item 4.	Controls and Procedures.

Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, including our principal executive and principal financial ~~officer, has~~officers, have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive and principal financial ~~officer,~~officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive and principal financial ~~officer~~officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and that the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with US GAAP.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our system of internal control over financial reporting (defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION


Item 1.	Legal Proceedings.

We and our subsidiaries are parties to a number of legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. While the outcome of these proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not expect these matters to have a material adverse effect on our financial statements. Information regarding legal proceedings is set forth in Note 14 in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q, which information is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

We self-insure against certain risks and carry insurance with coverage and coverage limits for risk in excess of the coverage amounts consistent with our assessment of risks in our business and of an acceptable level of financial exposure. Although there can be no assurance that self-insurance reserves and insurance will be sufficient to mitigate all damages, claims, or contingencies, we believe that the reserves and our insurance provides reasonable coverage for known asserted and unasserted claims. In the event we sustain a loss from a claim and the insurance carrier disputes coverage or coverage limits, we may record a charge in a different period than the recovery, if any, from the insurance carrier.


Item 1A.	Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes in our risk factors as previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Readers should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017~~2018 are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results. ~~Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.~~

~~Our level of indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under the notes.~~

Our indebtedness requires significant interest and principal payments. As of September 30, 2018, we had approximately $360.3 million of total debt (excluding debt issuance costs, debt discounts and capital lease obligations), consisting of $9.8 million of acquisition debt (consisting of deferred purchase price and promissory notes payable to sellers of businesses we purchased), $25.7 million of carrying value of the liability of our Convertible Notes, and $325.0 million of our Senior Notes, and we had no borrowings and $148.0 million of availability under the New Credit Facility after giving effect to $2.0 million of outstanding letters of credit.

~~Our and our subsidiaries’ level of indebtedness could have important consequences to holders of the notes, including:~~

continuing to require us and certain of our subsidiaries to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to the payment of our indebtedness, thereby reducing the funds available for operations and any future business opportunities;

~~limiting flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business or the industry in which we operate;~~

~~placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less indebtedness;~~

~~increasing our vulnerability to adverse general economic or industry conditions;~~

~~making us and our subsidiaries more vulnerable to increases in interest rates, as borrowings under our New Credit Facility are at variable rates; and~~

~~limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other general corporate requirements and increasing our cost of borrowing.~~

Our ability to make payments on and to refinance our indebtedness will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future from operations, financings or asset sales. Our ability to generate cash is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. We may not generate sufficient funds to service our debt and meet our business needs, such as funding working capital or the expansion of our operations. If we are not able to repay or refinance our debt as it becomes due, we may be forced to take certain actions, including reducing spending on day-to-day operations, reducing future financing for working capital, capital expenditures and general corporate purposes, selling assets or dedicating an unsustainable level of our cash flow from operations to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness. In addition, our ability to withstand competitive pressures and to react to changes in our industry could be impaired. The lenders who hold our debt could also accelerate amounts due in the event that we default, which could potentially trigger a default or acceleration of the maturity of our other debt, including the notes.

Additionally, our leverage could put us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that are less leveraged. These competitors could have greater financial flexibility to pursue strategic acquisitions and secure additional financing for their operations. Our leverage could also impede our ability to withstand downturns in our industry or the economy in general.

~~Despite our current levels of indebtedness, we may still incur additional indebtedness. This could further exacerbate the risks associated with our indebtedness.~~

We may incur additional indebtedness in the future. The terms of the New Credit Facility and the indenture governing our Senior Notes will limit, but not prohibit, us from incurring additional indebtedness. Additional indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. These restrictions also do not prevent us or our subsidiaries from incurring obligations, such as trade payables, that do not constitute indebtedness as defined under our debt agreements. To the extent new debt is added to our current debt levels, the leverage risks associated with our indebtedness would increase.


Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to repurchases of our common stock during the quarter ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018:~~2019:

Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program
Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program⁽¹⁾

July 1, 2018 - July 31, 2018 —
$ —
—
$ 26,019,052
August 1, 2018 - August 31, 2018 —
$ —
—
$ 26,019,052
September 1, 2018 - September 30, 2018 —
$ —
—
$ 26,019,052
Total for quarter ended September 30, 2018 —
—



Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased⁽¹⁾	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program	Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program⁽²⁾

April 1, 2019 - April 30, 2019	—	$	—	—	$	8,357,192
May 1, 2019 - May 31, 2019	—	$	19.60	250,000	$	3,456,323
June 1, 2019 - June 30, 2019	234	$	19.03	150,000	$	601,446
Total for quarter ended June 30, 2019	234			400,000




(1)	Represents shares surrendered by employees to pay taxes withheld upon the vesting of restricted stock awards.
(2)	See Note 1615 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information on our publicly announced share repurchase program.


Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

Not applicable.


Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.


Item 5.	Other Information.

None.


Item 6.	Exhibits.

The exhibits required to be filed pursuant to the requirements of Item 601 of Regulation S-K are set forth in the Exhibit Index accompanying this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and are incorporated herein by reference.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



		CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
Date:	~~November 1, 2018~~July 31, 2019	/s/ Viki K. Blinderman
		Viki K. Blinderman
		Senior Vice President, Principal Financial Officer and Secretary

CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.

INDEX OF EXHIBITS



Exhibit No.		Description
*31.1		Certification of Periodic Financial Reports by Melvin C. Payne in satisfaction of Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

*31.2		Certification of Periodic Financial Reports by Viki K. Blinderman in satisfaction of Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

**32		Certification of Periodic Financial Reports by Melvin C. Payne and Viki K. Blinderman in satisfaction of Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.

*101		Interactive Data Files.

__________________



(*)	Filed herewith.



(**)	Furnished herewith.

- 6057 -



	As of September 30, 2018
	As Reported		Balances Without Adoption of Topic 606		Effect of Change
Assets
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for bad debts	$	17,067	$	18,457	$	(1,390	)
Preneed receivables, net of allowance for bad debts	$	18,510	$	29,914	$	(11,404	)
Intangible and other non-current assets	$	2,707	$	—	$	2,707
Liabilities
Deferred preneed cemetery revenue, net	$	46,156	$	50,642	$	(4,486	)
Deferred preneed funeral revenue, net	$	28,153	$	36,461	$	(8,308	)
Deferred tax liability	$	31,694	$	31,067	$	627
Stockholders’ equity:
Retained earnings	$	74,338	$	72,258	$	2,080



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018							Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	As Reported		Balances Without Adoption of Topic 606		Effect of Change			As Reported		Balances Without Adoption of Topic 606		Effect of Change
Field costs and expenses:
Funeral	$	33,467	$	33,482	$	(15	)	$	103,071	$	103,154	$	(83	)
Cemetery	$	9,649	$	9,525	$	124		$	28,589	$	28,435	$	154
Income before income taxes	$	3,387	$	3,496	$	(109	)	$	19,368	$	19,439	$	(71	)
Net income	$	2,200	$	2,276	$	(76	)	$	14,303	$	14,354	$	(51	)

Basic earnings per common share:	$	0.11	$	0.11	$	—		$	0.80	$	0.80	$	—
Diluted earnings per common share:	$	0.11	$	0.11	$	—		$	0.78	$	0.78	$	—

Dividends declared per common share	$	0.075	$	0.075	$	—		$	0.225	$	0.225	$	—



	December 31, 2017		Effect of Adoption of Topic 606			January 1, 2018
Assets
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for bad debts⁽¹⁾	$	19,655	$	(1,399	)	$	18,256
Preneed receivables, net of allowance for bad debts⁽²⁾⁽³⁾	$	31,644	$	(11,129	)	$	20,515
Intangible and other non-current assets⁽⁴⁾	$	—	$	2,778		$	2,778
			$	(9,750	)
Liabilities
Deferred preneed cemetery revenue⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾	$	54,690	$	(4,594	)	$	50,096
Deferred preneed funeral revenue⁽³⁾	$	34,585	$	(7,934	)	$	26,651
Deferred tax liability⁽⁴⁾	$	31,159	$	647		$	31,806
Stockholders’ equity:
Retained earnings⁽⁴⁾	$	57,904	$	2,131		$	60,035
			$	(9,750	)



	Purchase Price Allocation
Current assets	$	166
Property, plant & equipment	17,543
Goodwill	16,777
Intangible and other non-current assets	3,863
Assumed liabilities	(399		)
Purchase price	$	37,950



Acquisition Date	Type of Business	Market	Assets Acquired (Excluding Goodwill)		Goodwill Recorded		Liabilities and Debt Assumed
July 10, 2018	Two Funeral Homes	Fredericksburg/Stafford, VA	$	13.2	$	16.0	$	—
August 21, 2018	One Funeral Home	Cookeville, TN	$	2.5	$	0.5	$	(0.2	)
August 28, 2018	One Funeral Home	Knightdale, NC	$	5.9	$	0.3	$	(0.2	)



	December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018
Goodwill at the beginning of year	$	275,487	$	287,956
Increase in goodwill related to acquisitions	12,469		16,777
Goodwill at the end of the period	$	287,956	$	304,733



Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Funeral		Cemetery		Total
Services	$	28,385	$	2,803	$	31,188
Merchandise	17,011		1,932		18,943
Cemetery interment rights	—		6,773		6,773
Revenue from contracts with customers	$	45,396	$	11,508	$	56,904

Preneed funeral commission income	$	315	$	—	$	315
Preneed trust earnings	1,481		1,566		3,047
Preneed trust management fees	137		202		339
Preneed cemetery finance charges	—		449		449
Financial revenues	1,933		2,217		4,150
Total Revenues	$	47,329	$	13,725	$	61,054



Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Funeral		Cemetery		Total
Services	$	90,392	$	8,734	$	99,126
Merchandise	53,649		5,936		59,585
Cemetery interment rights	—		21,221		21,221
Revenue from contracts with customers	$	144,041	$	35,891	$	179,932

Preneed funeral commission income	$	951	$	—	$	951
Preneed trust earnings	4,875		4,908		9,783
Preneed trust management fees	412		604		1,016
Preneed cemetery finance charges	—		1,381		1,381
Financial revenues	6,238		6,893		13,131
Total Revenues	$	150,279	$	42,784	$	193,063



	January 1, 2018⁽¹⁾			September 30, 2018
Contract liabilities:
Deferred preneed cemetery revenue	$	54,690		$	50,642
Less: Balances due on undelivered cemetery preneed contracts⁽²⁾	(4,594		)	(4,486		)
Deferred preneed cemetery revenue, net	$	50,096		$	46,156

Deferred preneed funeral revenue	$	34,585		$	36,461
Less: Balances due on undelivered funeral preneed contracts⁽³⁾	(7,934		)	(8,308		)
Deferred preneed funeral revenue, net	$	26,651		$	28,153



	December 31, 2017			September 30, 2018
New Credit Facility	$	—		$	—
Revolving credit facility	92,000			—
Term loan	127,500			—
Acquisition debt	10,548			9,766
Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $4,442	(967		)	—
Less: current portion	(16,927		)	(2,118		)
Total long-term debt, net of current portion	$	212,154		$	7,648



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change
	2017		2018		Amount			%
Revenues:
Same store operating revenue	$	38,787	$	37,456	$	(1,331	)	(3.4	)%
Acquired operating revenue	6,467		10,300		3,833			59.3	%
Divested revenue	144		—		(144		)	n/a
Preneed funeral insurance commissions	315		360		45			14.3	%
Preneed funeral trust earnings	1,616		1,727		111			6.9	%
Total	$	47,329	$	49,843	$	2,514		5.3	%

Operating profit:
Same store operating profit	$	14,196	$	12,735	$	(1,461	)	(10.3	)%
Acquired operating profit	2,093		3,588		1,495			71.4	%
Divested profit	70		—		(70		)	n/a
Preneed funeral insurance commissions	120		93		(27		)	(22.5	)%
Preneed funeral trust earnings	1,583		1,693		110			6.9	%
Total	$	18,062	$	18,109	$	47		0.3	%



Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program	Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program⁽¹⁾

July 1, 2018 - July 31, 2018	—	$	—	—	$	26,019,052
August 1, 2018 - August 31, 2018	—	$	—	—	$	26,019,052
September 1, 2018 - September 30, 2018	—	$	—	—	$	26,019,052
Total for quarter ended September 30, 2018	—			—