0001028918 ppbi:InvestorLoansSecuredbyRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember ppbi:ConstructionandLandMember ppbi:DebttoValueRatio55PercentandBelowMember 2020-03-31

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549 
FORM 10-Q 
(Mark One)
☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019March 31, 2020
OR 
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 
For the transition period from _______ to _______ 
Commission File Number 0-22193
 image0a03.jpg
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 
Delaware33-0743196
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S Employer Identification No.)
 
17901 Von Karman Avenue, Suite 1200, Irvine, California 92614
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(949) 864-8000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Large accelerated filer☒Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
☐Smaller reporting company☐Emerging growth company☐
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).  Yes ☐ No ☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class Trading Symbol Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share PPBI NASDAQ Stock Market
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of NovemberMay 1, 20192020 was 59,363,829.59,966,681.


PACIFIC PREMIER BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019MARCH 31, 2020

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
  
Item 1 - Financial Statements
 
  
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
3
  
Consolidated Statements of Income
4
  
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
5
  
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
6
  
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
7
  
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
8
  
Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
5472
  
Item 3 - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
90113
  
Item 4 - Controls and Procedures
91115
  
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
91116
  
Item 1 - Legal Proceedings
91116
  
Item 1A - Risk Factors
91117
  
Item 2 - Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
91120
  
Item 3 - Defaults Upon Senior Securities
92120
  
Item 4 - Mine Safety Disclosures
92120
  
Item 5 - Other Information
92120
  
Item 6 - Exhibits
93121
  
SIGNATURE
94122

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.  Financial Statements
PACIFIC PREMIER BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
(dollarsDollars in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)(Unaudited)
ASSETS September 30,
2019		 December 31,
2018		 March 31,
2020		 December 31,
2019
Cash and due from banks $166,238
 $125,036
 $108,285
 $135,847
Interest-bearing deposits with financial institutions 261,477
 78,370
 425,747
 191,003
Cash and cash equivalents 427,715
 203,406
 534,032
 326,850
Interest-bearing time deposits with financial institutions 2,711
 6,143
 2,708
 2,708
Investments held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (fair value of $41,302 and $44,672 as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively) 40,433
 45,210
Investments held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (fair value of $36,238 and $38,760 as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively) 34,553
 37,838
Investment securities available-for-sale, at fair value 1,256,655
 1,103,222
 1,337,761
 1,368,384
FHLB, FRB and other stock, at cost 92,986
 94,918
 92,858
 93,061
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value 7,092
 5,719
 111
 1,672
Loans held for investment 8,757,476
 8,836,818
 8,754,869
 8,722,311
Allowance for loan losses (35,000) (36,072)
Allowance for credit losses (115,422) (35,698)
Loans held for investment, net 8,722,476
 8,800,746
 8,639,447
 8,686,613
Accrued interest receivable 38,603
 37,837
 38,294
 39,442
Other real estate owned 126
 147
 441
 441
Premises and equipment 62,851
 64,691
 61,615
 59,001
Deferred income taxes, net —
 15,627
 15,249
 —
Bank owned life insurance 112,716
 110,871
 113,461
 113,376
Intangible assets 87,560
 100,556
 79,349
 83,312
Goodwill 808,322
 808,726
 808,322
 808,322
Other assets 151,251
 89,568
 218,008
 154,992
Total assets $11,811,497
 $11,487,387
 $11,976,209
 $11,776,012
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY  
    
  
LIABILITIES  
    
  
Deposit accounts:  
    
  
Noninterest-bearing checking $3,623,546
 $3,495,737
 $3,943,260
 $3,857,660
Interest-bearing:  
    
  
Checking 529,401
 526,088
 577,966
 586,019
Money market/savings 3,362,453
 3,225,849
 3,499,305
 3,406,988
Retail certificates of deposit 1,019,433
 1,009,066
 897,680
 973,465
Wholesale/brokered certificates of deposit 324,455
 401,611
 174,861
 74,377
Total interest-bearing 5,235,742
 5,162,614
 5,149,812
 5,040,849
Total deposits 8,859,288
 8,658,351
 9,093,072
 8,898,509
FHLB advances and other borrowings 604,558
 667,681
 521,017
 517,026
Subordinated debentures 217,825
 110,313
 215,269
 215,145
Deferred income taxes, net 301
 —
 —
 1,371
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 140,527
 81,345
 143,934
 131,367
Total liabilities 9,822,499
 9,517,690
 9,973,292
 9,763,418
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY  
    
  
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 1,000,000 authorized; none issued and outstanding —
 —
 —
 —
Common stock, $.01 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018; 59,364,340 shares and 62,480,755 shares issued and outstanding, respectively. 584
 617
Common stock, $.01 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019; 59,975,281 shares and 59,506,057 shares issued and outstanding, respectively. 586
 586
Additional paid-in capital 1,590,168
 1,674,274
 1,596,680
 1,594,434
Retained earnings 368,051
 300,407
 361,242
 396,051
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 30,195
 (5,601)
Accumulated other comprehensive income 44,409
 21,523
Total stockholders’ equity 1,988,998
 1,969,697
 2,002,917
 2,012,594
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $11,811,497
 $11,487,387
 $11,976,209
 $11,776,012
        
Accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

PACIFIC PREMIER BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(dollarsDollars in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)(Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Three Months Ended
 September 30, June 30, September 30, September 30, March 31, December 31, March 31,
 2019 2019 2018 2019 2018 2020 2019 2019
INTEREST INCOME                
Loans $122,974
 $121,860
 $119,271
 $366,310
 $289,069
 $113,265
 $119,353
 $121,476
Investment securities and other interest-earning assets 9,630
 10,554
 9,605
 29,951
 23,333
 10,524
 10,493
 9,767
Total interest income 132,604
 132,414
 128,876
 396,261
 312,402
 123,789
 129,846
 131,243
INTEREST EXPENSE        
  
      
Deposits 15,878
 15,991
 11,942
 45,153
 25,612
 10,487
 13,144
 13,284
FHLB advances and other borrowings 1,214
 3,083
 2,494
 9,099
 6,642
 1,081
 730
 4,802
Subordinated debentures 3,177
 2,699
 1,727
 7,627
 4,983
 3,046
 3,053
 1,751
Total interest expense 20,269
 21,773
 16,163
 61,879
 37,237
 14,614
 16,927
 19,837
Net interest income before provision for credit losses 112,335
 110,641
 112,713
 334,382
 275,165
 109,175
 112,919
 111,406
Provision for credit losses 1,562
 334
 1,981
 3,422
 5,995
 25,454
 2,297
 1,526
Net interest income after provision for credit losses 110,773
 110,307
 110,732
 330,960
 269,170
 83,721
 110,622
 109,880
NONINTEREST INCOME        
  
      
Loan servicing fees 546
 409
 400
 1,353
 1,037
 480
 487
 398
Service charges on deposit accounts 1,440
 1,441
 1,570
 4,211
 3,777
 1,715
 1,558
 1,330
Other service fee income 360
 363
 317
 1,079
 632
 311
 359
 356
Debit card interchange fee income 421
 1,145
 1,061
 2,637
 3,187
 348
 367
 1,071
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance 861
 851
 1,270
 2,622
 2,498
 1,336
 864
 910
Net gain from sales of loans 2,313
 902
 2,029
 4,944
 8,830
 771
 1,698
 1,729
Net gain from sales of investment securities 4,261
 212
 1,063
 4,900
 1,399
 7,760
 3,671
 427
Other income 1,228
 1,001
 530
 3,689
 2,697
 1,754
 797
 1,460
Total noninterest income 11,430
 6,324
 8,240
 25,435
 24,057
 14,475
 9,801
 7,681
NONINTEREST EXPENSE        
  
      
Compensation and benefits 35,543
 33,847
 37,901
 102,778
 96,048
 34,376
 36,409
 33,388
Premises and occupancy 7,593
 7,517
 7,214
 22,645
 17,040
 8,168
 8,113
 7,535
Data processing 3,094
 3,036
 4,095
 9,060
 9,544
 3,253
 3,241
 2,930
Other real estate owned operations, net 64
 62
 —
 129
 3
 14
 31
 3
FDIC insurance premiums (10) 740
 1,060
 1,530
 2,252
 367
 (766) 800
Legal, audit and professional expense 3,058
 3,545
 3,280
 9,601
 6,935
 3,126
 3,268
 2,998
Marketing expense 1,767
 1,425
 1,569
 4,689
 4,451
 1,412
 1,713
 1,497
Office, telecommunications and postage expense 1,200
 1,311
 1,538
 3,721
 3,733
 1,103
 1,105
 1,210
Loan expense 1,137
 1,005
 1,139
 3,015
 2,324
 822
 1,064
 873
Deposit expense 3,478
 3,668
 2,833
 10,729
 6,811
 4,988
 4,537
 3,583
Merger-related expense (4) 5
 13,978
 656
 15,857
 1,724
 —
 655
Core deposit intangible (“CDI”) amortization 4,281
 4,281
 4,693
 12,998
 8,963
 3,965
 4,247
 4,436
Other expense 4,135
 3,494
 3,482
 11,298
 8,705
 3,313
 3,254
 3,669
Total noninterest expense 65,336
 63,936
 82,782
 192,849
 182,666
 66,631
 66,216
 63,577
Net income before income taxes 56,867
 52,695
 36,190
 163,546
 110,561
 31,565
 54,207
 53,984
Income tax 15,492
 14,168
 7,798
 44,926
 26,864
 5,825
 13,109
 15,266
Net income $41,375
 $38,527
 $28,392
 $118,620
 $83,697
 $25,740
 $41,098
 $38,718
EARNINGS PER SHARE        
  
      
Basic $0.69
 $0.62
 $0.46
 $1.93
 $1.63
 $0.43
 $0.69
 $0.62
Diluted 0.69
 0.62
 0.46
 1.92
 1.61
 0.43
 0.69
 0.62
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING        
  
      
Basic 59,293,218
 61,308,046
 61,727,030
 60,853,081
 51,282,533
 59,007,191
 58,816,352
 61,987,605
Diluted 59,670,855
 61,661,773
 62,361,804
 61,201,858
 51,965,647
 59,189,717
 59,182,054
 62,285,783
                
Accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

PACIFIC PREMIER BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(dollarsDollars in thousands)
(unaudited)(Unaudited)

 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Three Months Ended
 September 30, June 30, September 30, September 30, March 31, December 31, March 31,
 2019 2019 2018 2019 2018 2020 2019 2019
Net income $41,375
 $38,527
 $28,392
 $118,620
 $83,697
 $25,740
 $41,098
 $38,718
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:                
Unrealized holding gain (loss) on securities available-for-sale arising during the period, net of income taxes (1)
 10,864
 17,449
 (3,630) 39,280
 (16,095) 28,420
 (6,054) 10,967
Reclassification adjustment for net gain on sale of securities included in net income, net of income taxes (2)
 (3,027) (151) (834) (3,484) (1,079)
Reclassification adjustment for net gain on sales of securities included in net income, net of income taxes (2)
 (5,534) (2,618) (306)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 7,837
 17,298
 (4,464) 35,796
 (17,174) 22,886
 (8,672) 10,661
Comprehensive income, net of tax $49,212
 $55,825
 $23,928
 $154,416
 $66,523
 $48,626
 $32,426
 $49,379

(1) Income tax expense (benefit) on the unrealized gain (loss) on securities was $4.4$11.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, $7.7March 31, 2020, $(2.6) million for the three months ended June 30,December 31, 2019 $(1.6)and $4.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, $16.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and $(6.8) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.March 31, 2019.

(2) Income tax expense (benefit) on the reclassification adjustment for net gains (losses)gain (loss) on salesales of securities included in net income was $1.2$2.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, $61,000March 31, 2020, $1.1 million for the three months ended June 30,December 31, 2019, $229,000$121,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2018, $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and $320,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.March 31, 2019.


Accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


PACIFIC PREMIER BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE NINE MONTHS AND THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,MARCH 31, 2020 AND 2019
(dollarsDollars in thousands)
(unaudited)(Unaudited)
Common Stock
Shares
 Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital 
Accumulated Retained
Earnings
 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Total Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock
Shares
 Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital 
Accumulated Retained
Earnings
 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 201862,480,755
 $617
 $1,674,274
 $300,407
 $(5,601) $1,969,697
Balance at December 31, 201959,506,057
 $586
 $1,594,434
 $396,051
 $21,523
 $2,012,594
Net income—
 —
 —
 118,620
 —
 118,620
—
 —
 —
 25,740
 

 25,740
Other comprehensive income—
 —
 —
 —
 35,796
 35,796
—
 —
 —
 —
 22,886
 22,886
Repurchase and retirement of common stock(3,364,761) (33) (89,887) (10,080) —
 (100,000)
Cash dividends declared ($0.66 per common share)—
 —
 —
 (40,807) —
 (40,807)
Dividend equivalents declared ($0.66 per restricted stock units)—
 —
 89
 (89) —
 —
Cash dividends declared ($0.25 per common share)—
 —
 —
 (14,882) —
 (14,882)
Dividend equivalents declared ($0.25 per restricted stock unit)—
 —
 42
 (42) —
 —
Share-based compensation expense—
 —
 7,927
 —
 —
 7,927
—
 —
 2,309
 —
 —
 2,309
Issuance of restricted stock, net316,254
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
446,815
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Restricted stock surrendered and canceled(111,456) —
 (2,629) —
 —
 (2,629)(29,474) —
 (1,008) —
 —
 (1,008)
Exercise of stock options43,548
 —
 394
 —
 —
 394
51,883
 —
 903
 —
 —
 903
Balance at September 30, 2019$59,364,340
 $584
 $1,590,168
 $368,051
 $30,195
 $1,988,998
Cumulative effect of the change in accounting principal (1)
—
 —
 —
 (45,625) —
 (45,625)
Balance at March 31, 2020$59,975,281
 $586
 $1,596,680
 $361,242
 $44,409
 $2,002,917
Balance at June 30, 201960,509,994
 $595
 $1,618,137
 $343,366
 $22,358
 $1,984,456
Balance at December 31, 201862,480,755
 $617
 $1,674,274
 $300,407
 $(5,601) $1,969,697
Net income—
 —
 —
 41,375
 —
 41,375
—
 —
 —
 38,718
 —
 38,718
Other comprehensive income—
 —
 —
 —
 7,837
 7,837
—
 —
 —
 —
 10,661
 10,661
Repurchase and retirement of common stock(1,145,515) (11) (30,634) (3,386) —
 (34,031)
Cash dividends declared ($0.22 per common share)—
 —
 —
 (13,266) —
 (13,266)—
 —
 —
 (13,749) —
 (13,749)
Dividend equivalents declared ($0.22 per restricted stock units)—
 —
 38
 (38) —
 —
Dividend equivalents declared ($0.22 per restricted stock unit)—
 —
 13
 (13) —
 —
Share-based compensation expense—
 —
 2,614
 —
 —
 2,614
—
 —
 2,453
 —
 —
 2,453
Issuance of restricted stock, net11,500
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
289,754
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Restricted stock surrendered and canceled(12,250) —
 —
 —
 —
 —
(37,279) —
 (1,047) —
 —
 (1,047)
Exercise of stock options611
 —
 13
 —
 —
 13
40,069
 —
 331
 —
 —
 331
Balance at September 30, 201959,364,340
 $584
 $1,590,168
 $368,051
 $30,195
 $1,988,998
Balance at March 31, 201962,773,299
 $617
 $1,676,024
 $325,363
 $5,060
 $2,007,064



Accompanying notes are an integral part(1) Related to the adoption of these consolidated financial statements.

PACIFIC PREMIER BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE NINE MONTHS AND THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
(dollars in thousands)
(unaudited)
 Common Stock
Shares		 Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Retained
Earnings		 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 201746,245,050
 $458
 $1,063,974
 $177,149
 $415
 $1,241,996
Net income—
 —
 —
 83,697
 —
 83,697
Other comprehensive income—
 —
 —
 —
 (17,174) (17,174)
Share-based compensation expense—
 —
 6,362
 —
 —
 6,362
Issuance of restricted stock, net264,420
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Common Stock issued15,758,039
 158
 601,013
 —
 —
 601,171
Restricted stock surrendered and canceled(28,849) —
 (1,586) —
 —
 (1,586)
Exercise of stock options234,061
 1
 1,910
 —
 —
 1,911
Reclassification of certain tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act—
 —
 —
 (82) 82
 —
September 30, 201862,472,721
 $617
 $1,671,673
 $260,764
 $(16,677) $1,916,377
Balance at June 30, 201846,629,118
 $459
 $1,067,907
 $232,372
 $(12,213) $1,288,525
Net income—
 —
 —
 28,392
 —
 28,392
Other comprehensive income—
 —
 —
 —
 (4,464) (4,464)
Share-based compensation expense—
 —
 2,445
 —
 —
 2,445
Issuance of restricted stock, net68,884
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Common stock issued15,758,039
 158
 601,013
 —
 —
 601,171
Restricted stock surrendered and canceled(3,091) —
 (7) —
 —
 (7)
Exercise of stock options19,771
 —
 315
 —
 —
 315
Balance at September 30, 201862,472,721
 $617
 $1,671,673
 $260,764
 $(16,677) $1,916,377
. See Note 2 - Recently Issue Accounting Pronouncements for further discussion.

Accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


PACIFIC PREMIER BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(dollarsDollars in thousands)
(unaudited)(Unaudited)
 Nine Months Ended Three Months Ended
 September 30, March 31,
 2019 2018 2020 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:        
Net income $118,620
 $83,697
 $25,740
 $38,718
Adjustments to net income:  
  
  
  
Depreciation and amortization expense 7,007
 5,487
 2,580
 2,259
Provision for credit losses 3,422
 5,995
 25,454
 1,526
Share-based compensation expense 7,927
 6,362
 2,309
 2,453
(Gain) loss on sale and disposal of premises and equipment (152) 52
(Gain) loss on sale of or write down of other real estate owned (55) 21
Loss on sales and disposals of premises and equipment 10
 64
Net amortization on securities 3,591
 5,326
 1,238
 1,453
Net accretion of discounts/premiums for acquired loans and deferred loan fees/costs (19,982) (13,362) (5,604) (5,723)
Gain on sale of investment securities available-for-sale (4,900) (1,399)
Gain on sales of investment securities available-for-sale (7,760) (427)
Originations of loans held for sale (83,521) (82,766) (10,491) (31,762)
Proceeds from the sales of and principal payments from loans held for sale 88,683
 104,773
 13,961
 27,623
Gain on sale of loans (4,944) (8,830)
Deferred income tax expense 1,365
 (564)
Gain on sales of loans (771) (1,729)
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense (7,476) 1,995
Change in accrued expenses and other liabilities, net (4,855) 16,343
 (5,058) (11,956)
Income from bank owned life insurance, net (2,029) (2,038) (1,129) (713)
Amortization of core deposit intangible 12,998
 8,963
 3,965
 4,436
Change in accrued interest receivable and other assets, net 7,858
 11,265
 8,953
 13,091
Net cash provided by operating activities 131,033
 139,325
 45,921
 41,308
Cash flows from investing activities:  
  
  
  
Net decrease in interest-bearing time deposits with financial institutions 3,432
 247
 —
 247
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned 405
 496
Loan originations and payments, net 197,995
 (201,021) 11,902
 (23,660)
Proceeds from loans held for sale previously classified as portfolio loans 76,579
 21,556
 25,038
 —
Purchase of loans held for investment (182,504) (61,562) (66,470) —
Purchase of held-to-maturity securities —
 (29,002)
Principal payments on held-to-maturity securities 4,741
 839
Proceeds from prepayments and maturities of held-to-maturity securities 3,234
 1,310
Purchase of securities available-for-sale (603,457) (390,459) (104,725) (226,836)
Principal payments on securities available-for-sale 85,330
 103,179
Proceeds from sale or maturity of securities available-for-sale 418,471
 394,536
Proceeds from the sale of premises and equipment 11,139
 —
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance death benefit 405
 —
Proceeds from prepayments and maturities of securities available-for-sale 18,737
 28,404
Proceeds from sale of securities available-for-sale 97,886
 168,837
Proceeds from the sales of premises and equipment 38
 2,650
Proceeds from bank owned insurance death benefit —
 220
Purchases of premises and equipment (16,154) (9,365) (5,242) (1,805)
Change in FHLB, FRB, and other stock, at cost 2,381
 (20,954)
Change in FHLB, FRB and other stock, at cost (8) 488
Funding of CRA investments (7,295) (13,703) (2,705) (470)
Change in cash acquired in acquisitions, net —
 146,571
Net cash used in investing activities (8,532) (58,642) (22,315) (50,615)
Cash flows from financing activities:  
  
  
  
Net increase in deposit accounts 200,937
 (90,671) 194,563
 56,823
Net change in short-term borrowings (53,075) 86,211
 9,000
 (53,075)
Repayment of long-term FHLB borrowings (10,000) (10,500) (5,000) (5,000)
Redemption of junior subordinated debt securities (15,465) —
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated debt, net 122,453
 —
Cash dividends paid (40,807) —
 (14,882) (13,749)
Repurchase and retirement of common stock (100,000) —
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 394
 1,911
 903
 331
Restricted stock surrendered and canceled (2,629) (1,586) (1,008) (1,047)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 101,808
 (14,635) 183,576
 (15,717)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 224,309
 66,048
 207,182
 (25,024)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 203,406
 197,164
 326,850
 203,406
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $427,715
 $263,212
 $534,032
 $178,382
        
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:  
  
  
  
Interest paid $58,591
 $33,290
 $13,618
 $18,519
Income taxes paid 33,469
 27,806
 84
 53
Noncash investing activities during the period:        
Transfers from portfolio loans to loans held for sale 78,085
 64,187
 26,176
 —
Transfers from loans to other real estate owned 329
 15
 —
 34
Recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets (49,542) —
 (10,706) (45,675)
Recognition of operating lease liabilities 49,542
 —
 10,706
 45,675
Receivable on unsettled security sales 57,385
 1,061
Due on unsettled security purchases (2,034) (9,988) —
 (25,657)
Assets acquired (liabilities assumed and capital created) in acquisitions (See Note 4):  
  
Investment securities —
 392,858
FHLB and other stock —
 16,768
Loans —
 2,352,388
Core deposit intangible —
 71,943
Deferred income tax —
 4,536
Goodwill —
 312,239
Fixed assets —
 9,122
Other assets —
 80,478
Deposits —
 (2,506,929)
Other borrowings —
 (254,923)
Other liabilities —
 (24,859)
Common stock and additional paid-in capital —
 (601,172)
Accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

PACIFIC PREMIER BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2019March 31, 2020
(UNAUDITED)

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation
 
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Pacific Premier Bancorp, Inc. (the “Corporation”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries, including Pacific Premier Bank (the “Bank”) (collectively, the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
In the opinion of management, the unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments that are necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or the full year ending December 31, 2019.2020. Certain items in the prior year financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Reclassification had no effect on prior year net income or stockholders’ equity.
 
Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20182019 (the “2018 Annual Report”“2019 Form 10-K”).
 
The Company accounts for its investments in its wholly owned special purpose entities, PPBI Trust I, Heritage Oaks Capital Trust II Mission Community Capital Trust I,and Santa Lucia Bancorp (CA) Capital Trust, and First Commerce Bancorp Trust I, under the equity method whereby the subsidiary’s net earnings are recognized in the Company’s statement of income. Duringincome and the three months ended September 30, 2019,investment in these entities is included in Other Assets on the Company redeemed all outstanding principal amountCompany’s Consolidated Statements of junior subordinated debt securities associated with PPBI Trust I and First Commerce Bancorp Trust I. The two unconsolidated statutory trust subsidiaries were subsequently dissolved.Financial Condition. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-QSubordinated Debentures for additional information.






Note 2 – Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
 
Accounting Standards Adopted in 20192020

In March 2017,June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU” or “Update”) 2017-08, Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. This Update amends guidance on the amortization period of premiums on certain purchased callable debt securities. The amendments shorten the amortization period of premiums on purchased callable debt securities to the earliest call date. This Update should be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to beginning retained earnings. The effective date of ASU 2017-08 is for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on the Company’s operating results or financial condition.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This Update was issued to increase the transparency and comparability around lease obligations. Previously unrecorded off-balance sheet obligations and corresponding rights to use underlying leased assets are now recorded in the consolidated financial statements, accompanied by enhanced qualitative and quantitative disclosures in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. The Update is generally effective for public business entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases and ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements.  ASU 2018-10 provides improvements related to ASU 2016-02 to increase stakeholders’ awareness of the amendments to Topic 842 and to expedite the improvements.  The amendments affect narrow aspects of the guidance issued in ASU 2016-02.  ASU 2018-11 allows entities adopting ASU 2016-02 to choose an additional transition method, under which an entity initially applies the accounting guidance for leases under Topic 842 at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Additionally, ASU 2018-11 allows an entity electing this additional transition method to continue to present comparative period financial statements in accordance with Topic 840 (current U.S. GAAP).   ASU 2018-11 also allows lessors to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease component if certain conditions are met.  The amendments in these updates became effective for annual periods as well as interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018.

The Company elected to apply the transition provisions of Topic 842 using the alternative transition method whereby comparative periods are not restated. The Company also elected to adopt the “package” of practical expedients in its transition to Topic 842, as specified in Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 842-10-65. The results of this policy election are that the Company reflected the provisions of Topic 842 in its consolidated financial statements for the first time as of and for the period ended March 31, 2019 (the period of adoption). The Company measured and recorded liabilities to make lease payments as well as right-of-use assets in the period of adoption for leases that existed as of the transition date, and will continue to present all comparative periods under Topic 840. Under this elected transition method, the Company is not required to reassess the following as part of its transition to Topic 842: (1) whether any expired or existing contracts contain leases, (2) lease classifications for any existing or expired leases and (3) initial direct costs for any existing leases. Additionally, the Company elected to apply the use of hindsight in its assessment of the term for its leases upon transition, which allows for consideration of the Company’s option to extend or terminate a lease.


The Company adopted the provisions of Topic 842 on January 1, 2019, and in its transition to Topic 842, the Company initially recorded a liability to make future lease payments of approximately $45.7 million and right-of-use assets of approximately $43.8 million. The difference of $1.9 million is the accounting adjustments previously recorded under Topic 840 and Topic 805, as required by transition guidance in ASC 842-10-65. The Company was not required to record a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as part of its transition to Topic 842. The Company’s evaluation of lease obligations and service agreements under the new standard included an assessment of the appropriate classification and related accounting of each lease agreement, a review of applicability of the new standard to existing service agreements and gathering all essential lease data to facilitate the application of the new standard. The Company’s review indicated that all of its leases are classified as operating leases or short-term leases. In accordance with the provisions of Topic 842, liabilities to make future lease payments and right-of-use assets are only recorded for leases that are not considered short-term (leases with an original term of greater than 12 months). The Company records expense for its leases on a straight-line basis in accordance with the requirements under Topic 842 for operating leases. The Company’s expense recognition for its operating leases (including short-term leases) under Topic 842 has not differed significantly from that recorded under Topic 840. Right-of-use assets for operating leases are amortized over the lease term, and liabilities to make future lease payments are accounted for using the interest method, both in accordance with Topic 842. Please also refer to Note 13 - Leases for additional information related to the Company’s leases.

Recent Accounting Guidance Not Yet Effective

In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05,2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Targeted Transition Relief: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This Update was issuedreplaces the incurred loss impairment model in current U.S. GAAP with a model that reflects current expected credit losses (“CECL”). The CECL model is applicable to allow entities that have certainthe measurement of credit losses on financial instruments within the scope of ASC 326-20, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measuredassets measured at Amortized Cost, to makeamortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities. CECL also requires credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities be measured through an irrevocable election to electallowance for credit losses when the fair value optionis less than the amortized cost basis. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures. The Update requires that all expected credit losses for those instrumentsfinancial assets held at the reporting date be measured based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Update also requires enhanced disclosure, including qualitative and quantitative disclosures that provide additional information about significant estimates and judgments used in ASC 825-10, Financial Instruments - Overall upon the adoptionestimating credit losses. The provisions of ASC 326, whichthis Update became effective for the Company isfor all annual and interim periods beginning January 1, 2020. The fair value option is not applicable to held-to-maturity debt securities. The Company currently does not anticipate it will make this election upon the adoption of ASC 326.

In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments. This Update was issued as part of an ongoing project on the FASB’s agenda for improving the Codification or correcting for its unintended application. The FASB issued this Update, which is specific to Updates: 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, and 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. ImprovementsThe amendments in this Update became effective for all interim and annual reporting periods for the Company on January 1, 2020. The Company adopted the provisions within this Update include:

(1) Allowin conjunction with the measurementimplementation of credit losses on accrued interest receivable balances to be determined separately fromAccounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, as discussed below, including: (i) the other components of the amortized cost basis of associated financial assets.

(2) Allow entities to make an accounting policy election to not measure credit losses on accrued interest receivable when such balances if the entity writes off the uncollectable accrued interest balancesare written-off in a timely manner throughwhen deemed uncollectable and (ii) the election to not include the balance of accrued interest receivable as part of the amortized cost of a reversalloan, but rather to present it separately in the consolidated statements of interest income or through the recognition of credit loss expense, or both.financial position.

(3) AllowIn May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Targeted Transition Relief. This Update was issued to allow entities that have certain financial instruments within the scope of ASC 326-20, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measured at Amortized Cost, to make an irrevocable election to elect the fair value option for those instruments in ASC 825-10, Financial Instruments - Overall upon the adoption of ASC 326, which for the Company was January 1, 2020. The fair value option is not applicable to held-to-maturity debt securities. Entities are required to make this election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The Company did not elect the fair value option for any of its financial assets upon the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020.

The Company has developed an expected credit loss estimation model in accordance with ASC 326. The Company implemented the model through a cross-functional effort steered by a CECL Committee, related sub-committees and working groups. These committees, sub-committees and working groups, collectively, were primarily comprised of senior management and staff members from our finance, credit, lending, internal audit, risk management and IT functional areas.


Depending on the nature of each identified pool of financial assets with similar risk characteristics, the Company employs the use of a probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) discounted cash flow methodology for commercial real estate and commercial loans, and a loss-rate methodology for retail loans, in order to estimate expected future credit losses. The Company’s model incorporates reasonable and supportable economic forecasts into the estimate of expected credit losses, which requires significant judgment. Management leverages economic projections from a reputable and independent third party to inform its reasonable and supportable economic forecasts.
Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted the provisions of ASC 326 through the application of the modified retrospective transition approach, and recorded a net decrease of $45.6 million to the beginning balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2020 for the cumulative effect adjustment, reflecting an initial adjustment to the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) of $64.0 million, net of related deferred tax assets arising from temporary differences of $18.3 million, commonly referred to as the “Day 1” adjustment. The Day 1 adjustment to the ACL is reflective of expected lifetime credit losses associated with the composition of financial assets within in the scope of ASC 326 as of January 1, 2020, which is comprised of loans held for investment and off-balance sheet credit exposures at January 1, 2020, as well as management’s current expectation of future economic conditions. Management did not have any qualitative adjustments as of January 1, 2020. The Day 1 adjustment was comprised of $55.7 million for loans held for investment and $8.3 million for off-balance sheet commitments for a total of $64.0 million. The Day 1 adjustment to the ACL for loans held for investment consists of $16.1 million for investor loans secured by real estate, $27.6 million for business real estate secured loans, $9.5 million for commercial loans and $2.5 million for retail loans. The majority ofthe Day 1 increase in the ACL for loans held for investment is attributable primarily to the life of loan loss impact and addition of an allowance on acquired loans based on the methodology discussed above and secondarily to the incorporation of reasonable and supportable economic forecasts into the estimate of expected future credit losses to our commercial real estate and commercial owner-occupied loan portfolios, which have commercial real estate as the primary collateral source and longer contractual maturities relative to our loan portfolio as a whole.  Please also see Note 3 - Significant Accounting Policies, for a discussion on the Company’s accounting policy for the ACL, Note 6 - Loans Held for Investment and Note 7 - Allowance for Credit Losses, for additional information on the Company’s ACL, as well as other related disclosures.

The Company’s assessment of held-to-maturity and available-for-sale investment securities as of January 1, 2020 indicated that an ACL was not required. The Company determined the likelihood of default on held-to-maturity investment securities was remote, and the amount of expected non-repayment on those investments was zero. The Company also analyzed available-for-sale investment securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of January 1, 2020 and determined the decline in fair value for those securities was not related to credit, but rather related to changes in interest rates and general market conditions. As such, no ACL was recorded for held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities as of January 1, 2020.

In accordance with ASC 326-10-65, upon the adoption of ASC 326, the Company did not reassess purchased loans with credit deterioration (previously classified as purchased credit impaired loans under ASC 310-30), as there were no such loans on January 1, 2020.

Additionally, there were no investment securities with previously recorded other-than-temporary impairment as of January 1, 2020.

As previously mentioned, in conjunction with the adoption of ASC 326, the Company made an accounting policy election not to presentmeasure an ACL on accrued interest receivables in accordance with ASC 326-20-30-5A. When accrued interest receivable is deemed to be uncollectable, the Company promptly reverses such balances and any related allowance for credit losses separately fromthrough current period earnings in the associated financial assets onperiod they are deemed uncollectable. Additionally, the Company has also elected not to include the balance sheet (not including them as part of the associated financial asset’s amortized cost).

(4) Allow entities to elect a practical expedient to disclose separately the total amount of accrued interest includedreceivable in the amortized cost basis as a single balance to meet certain disclosure requirements.


(5) Require that entities reverse from earnings any allowance for credit losses or valuation allowance previously measured on a loan or debt security upon the reclassification of the loan or debt security from one classification or category to another (such as from held for investment to held for sale), and apply the applicable measurement guidance with the new classification or category.

(6) Clarify that an entity should include an estimate for recoveries of amounts previously written off in its estimation of the allowance for credit losses.

(7) Allow entities to use future interest rate environment projections in the determination of the allowance for credit losses under the discounted cash flow method.

(8) Allow an entity to make an accounting policy election to adjust the effective interest rate used to discount expected future cash flows for expected prepayments on financial assets within the scope of ASC 326-20 and on available for sale debt securities within the scope of ASC 326-30326. Accrued interest receivable will continue to appropriately isolate credit riskbe presented separately in the determinationconsolidated financial statements.

In February 2019, the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies approved a final rule modifying their regulatory capital rules and providing an option to phase in over a three-year period the Day 1 adverse regulatory capital effects of ASU 2016-13. Additionally, in March 2020, the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies issued an interim final rule that provides banking organizations an option to delay the estimated CECL impact on regulatory capital for an additional two years for a total transition period of up to five years to provide regulatory relief to banking organizations to better focus on supporting lending to creditworthy households and businesses in light of recent strains on the U.S. economy as a result of the allowance for credit losses.COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, entities have the option to gradually phase in the full effect of CECL on regulatory capital over a five-year transition period. The Company implemented its CECL model commencing January 1, 2020 and elected to phase in the full effect of CECL on regulatory capital over the five-year transition period.

(9) Clarify that an entity should consider, when determiningThe following table illustrates the contractual termimpact of athe adoption of the CECL model under ASC 326 on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial asset, extension or renewal optionsposition as of January 1, 2020:

 January 1, 2020
 Pre-CECL Adoption Impact of CECL Adoption As Reported Under CECL
 (Dollars in thousands)
Assets:     
Allowance for credit losses on debt securities:     
Held-to-maturity$—
 $—
 $—
Available-for-sale—
 —
 —
Allowance for credit losses on loans:     
Investor loans secured by real estate9,027
 16,072
 25,099
Business loans secured by real estate5,492
 27,572
 33,064
Commercial loans20,118
 9,519
 29,637
Retail loans1,061
 2,523
 3,584
Deferred tax (liabilities) assets(1,371) 18,346
 16,975
Liabilities:     
Allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures$3,279
 $8,285
 $11,564
Stockholders' equity:     
Retained earnings$396,051
 $(45,625) $350,426


In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)—Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. In response to concerns about structural risks of interbank offered rates (“IBORs”), and, particularly, the risk of cessation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), regulators around the world have undertaken reference rate reform initiatives to identify alternative reference rates that are includedmore observable or transaction-based and less susceptible to manipulation. The amendments in this Update provide optional guidance for a limited time to ease the originalpotential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting as well as optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in this Update apply only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference LIBOR or modified contract at the reporting dateanother reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. The expedients and are not unconditionally cancellableexceptions provided by the entity.

(10) Clarify the guidance by specifically requiring that an entity re-measure an equity security without readily determinable fair value at fair value when an orderly transaction is identified for an identicalamendments do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or similar investment of the same issuer in accordance with Topic 820. That is, the amendments clarify that the measurement alternative is a nonrecurring fair value measurement.

evaluated after December 31, 2022. The amendments in this Update are elective and became effective upon issuance for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of this Update on its financial statements and disclosures.

In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements. This Update provides clarification on certain aspects of an entity’s implementation of Topic 842 including those that relate to:all entities.

(1) Determining
An entity may elect to apply the fair valueamendments for contract modifications by Topic or Industry Subtopic as of any date from the underlying asset by lessorsbeginning of an interim period that are not manufacturersincludes or dealers. The amendments relatedis subsequent to this item carry forwardMarch 12, 2020, or prospectively from Topic 840a date within an interim period that includes or is subsequent to Topic 842 an exception that allows lessors who are not manufacturers or dealers to use the cost of the underlying asset as its fair value.

(2) Presentation on the statement of cash flows - sales-type and direct financing leases. The amendments related to this item clarify that all principal payments received on leases by lessors in sales-type or direct financing lease transactions should be reflected in investing activities for entities such as depository and lending institutions within in the scope of Topic 942.

(3) Transition disclosures related to Topic 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections. The amendments related to this item clarify the FASB’s original intent by explicitly providing an exceptionMarch 12, 2020, up to the paragraph 250-10-50-3 interim disclosure requirements indate that the financial statements are available to be issued. Once elected for a Topic 842 transition disclosure requirements, which would otherwise require interim disclosures afteror an Industry Subtopic, the date of adoption of Topic 842 related to the impacts of the change on: (a) income from continuing operations, (b) net income, (c) any other financial statement line item and (d) any affected per-share amounts.

The amendments in this Update are effectivemust be applied prospectively for public business entitiesall eligible contract modifications for fiscal yearsthat Topic or Industry Subtopic.

An entity may elect to apply the amendments in this Update to eligible hedging relationships existing as of the beginning of the interim period that includes March 12, 2020 and to new eligible hedging relationships entered into after December 15, 2019,the beginning of the interim period that includes March 12, 2020.

If an entity elects to apply any of the amendments for an eligible hedging relationship existing as of the beginning of the interim period that includes March 12, 2020, any adjustments as a result of those elections must be reflected as of the beginning of that interim period and recognized in accordance with the guidance in Reference Rate Reform Subtopics 848-30, 848-40 and 848-50 (as applicable). If an entity elects to apply any of the amendments for a new hedging relationship entered into between the beginning of the interim periods within fiscal yearsperiod that includes March 12, 2020, any adjustments as a result of those elections must be reflected as of the beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted.of the hedging relationship and recognized in accordance with the guidance in Reference Rate Reform Subtopics 848-30, 848-40 and 848-50 (as applicable). The Company does not believecurrently engage in hedging related transactions, and as such, the effects ofamendments included in this ASU willUpdate have a material effectnot had an impact on the Company’s financial statements.


In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-ChangesFramework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The amendments in this Update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement.

The following disclosure requirements for public companies were removed from Topic 820:

The amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy
The policy for timing of transfers between levels
The valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements

The following disclosure requirements for public companies were modified in Topic 820:
    
The amendments clarify that the measurement uncertainty disclosure is to communicate information about the uncertainty in measurement as of the reporting date

The following disclosure requirements for public companies were added to Topic 820:

The changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting periodperiod.
The range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. For certain unobservable inputs, an entity may disclose other quantitative information (such as the median or arithmetic average) in lieu of the weighted average if the entity determines that other quantitative information would be a more reasonable and rational method to reflect the distribution of unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurementsmeasurements.

The amendments in this Update became effective for the Company for fiscal years and interim periods within fiscal years beginning on January 1, 2020. This ASU did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.


In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements. This Update provides clarification on certain aspects of an entity’s implementation of Topic 842 including those that relate to:

Determining the fair value of the underlying asset by lessors that are not manufacturers or dealers. The amendments related to this item carry forward from Topic 840 to Topic 842 an exception that allows lessors who are not manufacturers or dealers to use the cost of the underlying asset as its fair value.

Presentation on the statement of cash flows - sales-type and direct financing leases. The amendments related to this item clarify that all principal payments received on leases by lessors in sales-type or direct financing lease transactions should be reflected in investing activities for entities such as depository and lending institutions within in the scope of Topic 942.

Transition disclosures related to Topic 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections. The amendments related to this item clarify the FASB’s original intent by explicitly providing an exception to the paragraph 250-10-50-3 interim disclosure requirements in the Topic 842 transition disclosure requirements, which would otherwise require interim disclosures after the date of adoption of Topic 842 related to the impacts of the change on: (a) income from continuing operations, (b) net income, (c) any other financial statement line item and (d) any affected per-share amounts.

The amendments in this Update became effective for the Company for fiscal years and interim periods within fiscal years beginning on January 1, 2020. This ASU did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Recent Accounting Guidance Not Yet Effective

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01, Investments—Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)—Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323 and Topic 815. The amendments in this Update clarify the interaction of the accounting for equity securities under Topic 321 and investments under the equity method of accounting in Topic 323, as well as the accounting for certain forward contracts and purchased options accounted for under Topic 815. The amendments clarify that an entity should consider observable transactions that require it to either apply or discontinue the equity method of accounting for the purposes of applying the measurement alternative in accordance with Topic 321 immediately before applying or upon discontinuing the equity method. The amendments within this Update also clarify that when applying the guidance in paragraph 815-10-15-141(a) an entity should not consider whether, upon the settlement of the forward contract or exercise of the purchased option, individually or with existing investments, the underlying securities would be accounted for under the equity method in Topic 323 or the fair value option in accordance with the financial instruments guidance in Topic 825. An entity also would evaluate the remaining characteristics in paragraph 815-10-15-141 to determine the accounting for those forward contracts and purchased options. The amendments within this Update become effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019,2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. In addition,permitted, including early adoption in an entity may early adopt any of the removed or modified disclosures immediatelyinterim period, (1) for public business entities for periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued and delay adoption of the new disclosures until the effective date.(2) for all other entities for periods for which financial statements have not yet been made available for issuance. The Company is currently evaluating the effectsimpact of ASU 2018-13this Update on its financial statements and disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This Update replaces the incurred loss impairment model in current U.S. GAAP with a model that reflects current expected credit losses (“CECL”). The CECL model is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities. CECL also requires credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities be measured through an allowance for credit losses when the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures. The Update requires that all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date be measured based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Update also requires enhanced disclosure, including qualitative and quantitative disclosures that provide additional information about significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses. For public business entities, the Update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those annual periods.

In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326 - Credit Losses, Topic 815 - Derivatives and Hedging and Topic 825 - Financial Instruments. Certain provisions within this Update are applicable to the Company’s CECL implementation, including the ability to make an accounting policy election not to measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable when an entity writes off uncollectable amounts of accrued interest in a timely manner. Additionally, this Update allows an entity to make an accounting policy election not to include accrued interest receivable as part of the amortized cost of loans, but rather to report accrued interest receivable on a separate line in the consolidated balance sheets. The effective date will be the same as the effective date in ASU 2016-13.statements.     


In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326):Targeted Transition Relief, to allow companies to irrevocably elect, upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, the fair value option for financial instruments that (1) were previously recorded at amortized cost, (2) are within the scope of the credit losses guidance in ASC 326-20, (3) are eligible for the fair value option under ASC 825-10 and (4) are not held-to-maturity debt securities. Entities are required to make this election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The effective date will be the same as the effective date in ASU 2016-13.

The Company has developed a new expected credit loss estimation model in accordance with ASU 2016-13. The Company’s CECL Committee and related sub-committees and working groups, which collectively are comprised of senior management and staff members from our finance, credit, lending, internal audit, risk management and IT functional areas, continue to make progress in accordance with the Company’s implementation plan for adoption. Early implementation activities focused on data capture, model development and portfolio segmentation, and were substantially completed during the third quarter of 2019. We have completed our primary model, which we are continuing to review, analyze and refine. During the third quarter, we have initiated validation of our primary model and documentation review of our end-to-end processes, which we expect to complete during the fourth quarter of 2019. To date, we have completed numerous iterations of model output utilizing data from interim periods starting with the fourth quarter of 2018 to test and refine our model, and we will continue to refine and validate our model during the fourth quarter of 2019.

Depending on the nature of each identified pool of financial assets with similar risk characteristics, the Company is implementing a probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) discounted cash flow method and a loss-rate method to estimate expected future credit losses. Additionally, the Company is incorporating reasonable and supportable economic forecasts into the estimate of expected credit losses which will require significant judgment, such as selecting forecast scenarios and related weighting, as well as determining the appropriate length of the forecast horizon. Management intends to leverage economic projections from a reputable and independent third party to inform its reasonable and supportable economic forecasts. Other internal and external indicators of economic forecasts may also be considered by management when developing the forecast metrics. The duration of the forecast horizon, the reversion period and the economic forecasts that management utilizes, as well as additional internal and external indicators of economic forecasts that management considers, may change over time depending on the nature and composition of our portfolio of financial assets.

The ultimate impact of ASU 2016-13 will depend on the composition of the portfolio and economic conditions and forecasts at the time of adoption and at future measurement dates. It could also be subject to further regulatory or accounting guidance and other management judgments. Based on our loan portfolio at September 30, 2019 and management’s current expectation of future economic conditions and certain qualitative adjustments, the Company believes that adoption of the new standard will result in an increase in the allowance for credit losses by an amount within a range of $40 million and $60 million; however, there is no assurance that the ultimate increase in the allowance for credit losses will be within the foregoing range. The Company currently anticipates the majority ofthe increase in the allowance for credit losses for loans will be attributable to the application of multiple-scenario economic forecasts to our commercial real estate and commercial owner-occupied loan portfolios, which have commercial real estate as the primary collateral source and longer contractual maturities relative to our loan portfolio as awhole. The Company currently does not anticipate it will record a material allowance for credit losses for its held-to-maturity and available-for-sale investment securities upon the adoption of ASU 2016-13; however, the ultimate impact will depend upon the nature and characteristics of our securities portfolios (including issuer specific matters) at the adoption date, the macroeconomic conditions and forecasts at that date, and other management judgments.
In February 2019, the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies approved a final rule modifying their regulatory capital rules and providing an option to phase in over a three-year period the day-one regulatory capital effects of ASU 2016-13. Although the Company does not currently anticipate utilizing the three-year phase-in period, the Company will not make a final determination on the issue until the Company finalizes its model validation activities.

Note 3 – Significant Accounting Policies
 
Our accounting policies are described in Note 1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on2019 Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“Form 10-K”).10-K. Select policies have been reiterated below that have a particular affiliation to our interim financial statements.

Revenue Recognition Recognition.– The Company accounts for certain of its revenue streams in accordance with ASC 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Revenue streams within the scope of and accounted for under ASC 606 include: service charges and fees on deposit accounts, debit card interchange fees, fees from other services the Bank provides its customers and gains and losses from the sale of other real estate owned and property, premises and equipment. ASC 606 requires revenue to be recognized when the Company satisfies related performance obligations by transferring to the customer a good or service. The recognition of revenue under ASC 606 requires the Company to first identify the contract with the customer, identify the performance obligations, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations and finally recognize revenue when the performance obligations have been satisfied and the good or service has been transferred. The majority of the Company’s contracts with customers associated with revenue streams that are within the scope of ASC 606 are considered short-term in nature and can be canceled at any time by the customer or the Bank, such as a deposit account agreement. Other more significant revenue streams for the Company such as interest income on loans and investment securities are specifically excluded from the scope of ASC 606 and are accounted for under other applicable U.S. GAAP.

Goodwill and Core Deposit Intangible (“CDI”).– Goodwill is generally determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred, plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree, over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events and circumstances exist that indicate the necessity for such impairment tests to be performed. TheIn general, the Company has selected the fourth quarter as the period to perform the annual impairment test. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values. Goodwill is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life on our balance sheet. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic and the deterioration of economic conditions as a result, the Company has performed a goodwill impairment assessment, with the assistance from an independent third party, based on the 60-day average market price of the Company’s common stock as of the assessment date, March 31, 2020, and applied a 50% market participant acquisition premium based upon average observed control premiums for regional banks during the 2008 and 2009 financial crisis. Using a 60-day average market price is appropriate to capture the Company’s value as compared to current stock performance impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and oil markets as well as our pending acquisition of Opus Bank, targeting a June 1, 2020 effective closing date. As of March 31, 2020, our goodwill with a balance of $808.3 million was determined to not be impaired.

Core deposit intangibleCDI assets arising from whole bank acquisitions are amortized on either an accelerated basis, reflecting the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets is consumed or otherwise used up, or on a straight-line amortization method over their estimated useful lives, which range from 6 to 10 years.      


Leases Leases.– The Company accounts for its leases in accordance with ASC 842, which requires the Company to record liabilities for future lease obligations as well as assets representing the right to use the underlying leased asset. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are accounted for using straight-line expense recognition with no liability or asset being recorded for such leases. Other than short-term leases, the Company classifies its leases as either finance leases or operating leases. Leases are classified as finance leases when any of the following are met: (a) the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term, (b) the lease contains an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise, (c) the term of the lease represents a major part of the remaining life of the underlying asset, (d) the present value of the future lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset or (e) the underling leased asset is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term due to its specialized nature. When the Company’s assessment of a lease does not meet the foregoing criteria, and the term of the lease is in excess of 12 months, the lease is classified as an operating lease.    

Liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets are determined based on the total contractual base rents for each lease, discounted at the rate implicit in the lease or at the Company’s estimated incremental borrowing rate if the rate is not implicit in the lease. The Company measures future base rents based on the minimum payments specified in the lease agreement, giving consideration for periodic contractual rent increases which are based on an escalation rate or a specified index. When future rent payments are based on an index, the Company uses the index rate observed at the time of lease commencement to measure future lease payments. Liabilities to

make lease payments are accounted for using the interest method, which are reduced by periodic rent payments, net of interest accretion. Right-of-use assets for finance leases are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, while right-of-use assets for operating leases are amortized over the term of the lease by amounts that represent the difference between periodic straight-line lease expense and periodic interest accretion on the related liability to make lease payments. Expense recognition for finance leases is representative of the sum of periodic amortization of the associated right-of-use asset as well as the periodic interest accretion on the liability to make lease payments. Expense recognition for operating leases is recorded on a straight-line basis. As of September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, all of the Company’s leases were classified as either operating leases or short-term leases.

From time to time the Company leases portions of the space it leases to other parties through sublease transactions. Income received from these transactions is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the sublease.

Securities. The Company has established written guidelines and objectives for its investing activities. At the time of purchase, management designates the security as either held to maturity, available-for-sale or held for trading based on the Company’s investment objectives, operational needs and intent. The investments are monitored to ensure that those activities are consistent with the established guidelines and objectives.
Securities Held-to-Maturity. Investments in debt securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are reported at cost and adjusted for periodic principal payments and the amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, which are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the period of time remaining to investment’s maturity.
Securities Available-for-Sale. Investments in debt securities that management has no immediate plan to sell, but which may be sold in the future, are carried at fair value. Premiums and discounts are amortized using the interest method over the remaining period to the call date for premiums or contractual maturity for discounts and, in the case of mortgage-backed securities, the estimated average life, which can fluctuate based on the anticipated prepayments on the underlying collateral of the securities. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of tax, are recorded in a separate component of stockholders’ equity as accumulated other comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses on the sales of securities are determined on the specific identification method, recorded on a trade date basis based on the amortized cost basis of the specific security and are included in noninterest income as net gain (loss) on investment securities.


Allowance for Credit Losses on Investment Securities. The ACL on investment securities is determined for both the held-to-maturity and available-for-sale classifications of the investment portfolio in accordance with ASC 326. For available-for-sale investment securities, the Company performs a quarterly qualitative evaluation for securities in an unrealized loss position to determine if, for those investments in an unrealized loss position, the decline in fair value is credit related or non-credit related. In determining whether a security’s decline in fair value is credit related, the Company considers a number of factors including, but not limited to: (i) the extent to which the fair value of the investment is less than its amortized cost; (ii) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; (iii) downgrades in credit ratings; (iv) payment structure of the security, (v) the ability of the issuer of the security to make scheduled principal and interest payments and (vi) general market conditions which reflect prospects for the economy as a whole, including interest rates and sector credit spreads. If it is determined that the unrealized loss can be attributed to credit loss, the Company records the amount of credit loss through a charge to provision for credit losses in current period earnings. However, the amount of credit loss recorded in current period earnings is limited to the amount of the total unrealized loss on the security, which is measured as the amount by which the security’s fair value is below its amortized cost. If it is likely the Company will be required to sell the security in an unrealized loss position, the total amount of the loss is recognized in current period earnings. Unrealized losses deemed non-credit related, the Company records the loss, net of tax, through accumulated other comprehensive income.
The Company determines expected credit losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities through a discounted cash flow approach, using the security’s effective interest rate. However, as previously mentioned, the measurement of credit losses on available-for-sale securities only occurs when, through the Company’s qualitative assessment, it is determined all or a portion of the unrealized loss is deemed to be credit related. The Company’s discounted cash flow approach incorporates assumptions about the collectability of future cash flows. The amount of credit loss is measured as the amount by which the security’s amortized cost exceeds the present value of expected future cash flows. Credit losses on available-for-sale securities are measured on an individual basis, while credit losses on held-to-maturity securities are measured on a collective basis according to shared risk characteristics. Credit losses on held-to-maturity securities are only recognized at the individual security level when the Company determines a security no longer possesses risk characteristics similar to others in the portfolio. The Company does not measure credit losses on an investment’s accrued interest receivable, but rather promptly reverses from current period earnings the amount of accrued interest that is no longer deemed collectable. Accrued interest receivable for investment securities is included in accrued interest receivable balances in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Loans Held for Investment. Loans held for investment are loans the Company has the ability and intent to hold until their maturity. These loans are carried at amortized cost, including discounts and premiums on purchased and acquired loans, and net deferred loan origination fees and costs. Purchase discounts and premiums and net deferred loan origination fees and costs on loans are accreted or amortized as an adjustment of yield, using the interest method, over the expected lives of the loans. Income recognition of deferred loan fees and costs is discontinued for loans placed on nonaccrual. Any remaining discounts, premiums, deferred fees or costs and prepayment fees associated with loans that payoff prior to contractual maturity are included in loan interest income in the period of payoff. Loan commitment fees received to originate or purchase a loan are deferred and, if the commitment is exercised, recognized over the life of the loan using the interest method as an adjustment of yield or, if the commitment expires unexercised, recognized as income upon expiration of the commitment.

The Company accrues interest on loans using the interest method and only if deemed collectible. Loans for which the accrual of interest has been discontinued are designated as nonaccrual loans. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when principal or interest is past due 90 days based on contractual terms of the loan or when, in the opinion of management, there is reasonable doubt as to collection of principal and or interest. When loans are placed on nonaccrual status, all interest previously accrued but not collected is promptly reversed against current period interest income, and as such an ACL for accrued interest receivable is not established. Interest income generally is not recognized on nonaccrual loans unless the likelihood of further loss is remote. Interest payments received on nonaccrual loans are applied as a reduction to the loan principal balance. Interest accruals are resumed on such loans only when they are brought current with respect to interest and principal and when, in the judgment of management, the loans are estimated to be fully collectible as to all principal and interest.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans. The Company accounts for credit losses on loans in accordance with ASC 326, which requires the Company to record an estimate of expected lifetime credit losses for loans at the time of origination or acquisition. The ACL is maintained at a level deemed appropriate by management to provide for expected credit losses in the portfolio as of the date of the consolidated statements of financial condition. Estimating expected credit losses requires management to use relevant forward-looking information, including the use of reasonable and supportable forecasts. The measurement of the ACL is performed by collectively evaluating loans with similar risk characteristics. The Company measures the ACL on commercial real estate loans and commercial loans using a discounted cash flow approach, and a historical loss rate methodology is used to determine the ACL on retail loans. The Company’s discounted cash flow methodology incorporates a probability of default and loss given default model, as well as expectations of future economic conditions, using reasonable and supportable forecasts. Together, the probability of default and loss given default model with the use of reasonable and supportable forecasts generate estimates for cash flows expected to be collected over the estimated life of a loan. Estimates of future expected cash flows ultimately reflect assumptions made concerning net credit losses over the life of a loan. The use of reasonable and supportable forecasts requires significant judgment, such as selecting forecast scenarios and related scenario-weighting, as well as determining the appropriate length of the forecast horizon. Management leverages economic projections from a reputable and independent third party to inform and provide its reasonable and supportable economic forecasts. Other internal and external indicators of economic forecasts may also be considered by management when developing the forecast metrics. The Company’s ACL model reverts to long-term average loss rates for purposes of estimating expected cash flows beyond a period deemed reasonable and supportable. The Company forecasts economic conditions and expected credit losses over a two-year time horizon before reverting to long-term average loss rates. The duration of the forecast horizon, the period over which forecasts revert to long-term averages, the economic forecasts that management utilizes, as well as additional internal and external indicators of economic forecasts that management considers, may change over time depending on the nature and composition of our loan portfolio. Changes in economic forecasts, in conjunction with changes in loan specific attributes, impact a loan’s probability of default and loss given default, which can drive changes in the determination of the ACL.

Expectations of future cash flows are discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. The resulting ACL represents the amount by which the loan’s amortized cost exceeds the net present value of a loan’s discounted cash flows. The ACL is recorded through a charge to provision for credit losses and is reduced by charge-offs, net of recoveries on loans previously charged-off. It is the Company’s policy to charge-off loan balances at the time they have been deemed uncollectable. Please also see Note 7 - Allowance for Credit Losses, of these consolidated financial statements for additional discussion concerning the Company’s ACL methodology.


The Company’s ACL model also includes adjustments for qualitative factors, where appropriate. Since historical information (such as historical net losses and economic cycles) may not always, by themselves, provide a sufficient basis for determining future expected credit losses; the Company periodically considers the need for qualitative adjustments to the ACL. Qualitative adjustments may be related to and include, but not limited to factors such as: (i) management’s assessment of economic forecasts used in the model and how those forecasts align with management’s overall evaluation of current and expected economic conditions, (ii) organization specific risks such as credit concentrations, collateral specific risks, regulatory risks, and external factors that may ultimately impact credit quality, (iii) potential model limitations such as limitations identified through back-testing, and other limitations associated with factors such as underwriting changes, acquisition of new portfolios and changes in portfolio segmentation and (iv) management’s overall assessment of the adequacy of the ACL, including an assessment of model data inputs used to determine the ACL.

The Company has a credit portfolio review process designed to detect problem loans. Problem loans are typically those of a substandard or worse internal risk grade, and may consist of loans on nonaccrual status, troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”), loans where the likelihood of foreclosure on underlying collateral has increased, collateral dependent loans and other loans where concern or doubt over the ultimate collectability of all contractual amounts due has become elevated. Such loans may, in the opinion of management, be deemed to no longer possess risk characteristics similar to other loans in the loan portfolio, and as such may require individual evaluation to determine an appropriate ACL for the loan. When a loan is individually evaluated, the Company typically measures the expected credit loss for the loan based on a discounted cash flow approach, unless the loan has been deemed collateral dependent. Collateral dependent loans are loans where the repayment of the loan is expected to come from the operation of and/or eventual liquidation of the underlying collateral. The ACL for collateral dependent loans is determined using estimates for the fair value of the underlying collateral, less costs to sell.

Although management uses the best information available to derive estimates necessary to measure an appropriate level of ACL, future adjustments to the ACL may be necessary due to economic, operating, regulatory and other conditions that may extend beyond the Company’s control.

Various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s ACL and credit review process. Such agencies may require the Company to recognize additions to the allowance based on judgments different from those of management.

The Company has segmented the loan portfolio according to loans that share similar attributes and risk characteristics. Each segment possesses varying degrees of risk based on, among other things, the type of loan, the type of collateral and the sensitivity of the borrower or industry to changes in external factors such as economic conditions. These segment groupings are: investor real estate secured loans, business real estate secured loans, commercial loans and retail loans. Within each segment grouping there are various classes of loans as disclosed below. The Company determines the ACL for loans based on this more detailed loan segmentation and classification. At March 31, 2020 the Company had the following detailed segmentation on classes of loans:

Investor Loans Secured by Real Estate:

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Commercial real estate non-owner-occupied - Commercial real estate (“CRE”) non-owner-occupied includes loans for which the Company holds real property as collateral, but where the borrower does not occupy the underlying property. The primary risks associated with these loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the real estate that is being held as collateral, significant increases in interest rates, which may make the real estate loan unprofitable to the borrower, changes in market rents and vacancy of the underlying property. Real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy.


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Multifamily - Multifamily loans are secured by multi-tenants (5 or more units) residential real properties. Payments on multifamily loans are dependent on the successful operation or management of the properties, and repayment of these loans may be subject to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy.

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Construction and land - We originate loans for the construction of one-to-four family and multi-family residences and CRE properties in our primary market area. We concentrate our efforts on single homes and small infill projects in established neighborhoods where there is not abundant land available for development. Construction loans are considered to have higher risks due to construction completion and timing risk, and the ultimate repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, government regulation of real property and the availability of long-term financing. Additionally, economic conditions may impact the Company’s ability to recover its investment in construction loans, as adverse economic conditions may negatively impact the real estate market, which could affect the borrower’s ability to complete and sell the project. Additionally, the fair value of the underlying collateral may fluctuate as market conditions change. We occasionally originate land loans located predominantly in California for the purpose of facilitating the ultimate construction of a home or commercial building. The primary risks include the borrower’s inability to pay and the inability of the Company to recover its investment due to a decline in the fair value of the underlying collateral.

Business Loans Secured by Real Estate:

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Commercial real estate owner-occupied - CRE owner-occupied includes loans for which the Company holds real property as collateral and where the underlying property is occupied by the borrower, such as with a place of business. These loans are primarily underwritten based on the cash flows of the business and secondarily on the real estate. The primary risks associated with CRE owner-occupied loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the real estate that is being held as collateral and significant increases in interest rates, which may make the real estate loan unprofitable to the borrower. Real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy.

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Franchise secured by real estate - Franchise real estate secured loans are business loans secured by real property occupied by franchised restaurants, generally quick-service restaurants. These loans are primarily underwritten based on the cash flows of the business and secondarily on the real estate.     

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Small Business Administration (“SBA”)- We are approved to originate loans under the SBA’s Preferred Lenders Program (“PLP”). The PLP lending status affords us a higher level of delegated credit autonomy, translating to a significantly shorter turnaround time from application to funding, which is critical to our marketing efforts. We originate loans nationwide under the SBA’s 7(a), SBAExpress, International Trade and 504(a) loan programs, in conformity with SBA underwriting and documentation standards. SBA loans are similar to commercial business loans, but have additional credit enhancement provided by the U.S. Small Business Administration, for up to 85% of the loan amount for loans up to $150,000 and 75% of the loan amount for loans of more than $150,000. The Company originates SBA loans with the intent to sell the guaranteed portion into the secondary market on a quarterly basis. Certain loans classified as SBA are secured by commercial real estate property. SBA loans secured by hotels are included in the segment investor loans secured by real estate, and SBA loans secured by all other forms of real estate are included in the business loans secured by real estate segment. All other SBA loans are included in the commercial loans segment below, and are secured by business assets.


Commercial Loans:

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Commercial and industrial (including franchise commercial loans) (“C&I”) - Loans secured by business assets including inventory, receivables and machinery and equipment to businesses located generally in our primary market area. Loan types includes revolving lines or credit, term loans, seasonal loans and loans secured by liquid collateral such as cash deposits or marketable securities. Franchise credit facilities not secured by real estate and Home Owners’ Association (“HOA”) credit facilities are included in C&I loans. We also issue letters of credit on behalf of our customers. Risk arises primarily due to the difference between expected and actual cash flows of the borrowers. In addition, the recoverability of the Company’s investment in these loans is also dependent on other factors primarily dictated by the type of collateral securing these loans. The fair value of the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate as market conditions change. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the recovery of the Company’s investment is dependent upon the borrower’s ability to collect amounts due from its customers.

Retail Loans:

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One-to-four family - Although we do not originate, we have acquired first lien single family loans through bank acquisitions. The primary risks of one-to-four family loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the real estate that is being held as collateral and significant increases in interest rates, which may make loans unprofitable to the borrower.

•
Consumer loans - In addition to consumer loans acquired through our various bank acquisitions, we originate a limited number of consumer loans, generally for banking clients only, which consist primarily of home equity lines of credit, savings account secured loans and auto loans. Repayment of these loans is dependent on the borrower’s ability to pay and the fair value of the underlying collateral.

Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”). From time-to-time, the Company makes modifications to certain loans when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. These modifications are made to alleviate temporary impairments in the borrower’s financial condition and/or constraints on the borrower’s ability to repay the loan, and to minimize potential losses to the Company. Modifications typically include: changes in the amortization terms of the loan, reductions in interest rates, acceptance of interest only payments and, in limited cases, concessions to the outstanding loan balance. Such loans are typically placed on nonaccrual status and are returned to accrual status when all contractual amounts past due have been brought current, the loan has performed under the modified terms of the loan agreement for a period of at least six months and the ultimate collectability of all contractual amounts due under the modified terms of the loan agreement is no longer in doubt. The Company typically measures the ACL for TDRs on an individual basis when the loans are deemed to no longer share similar risk characteristics with other loans in the portfolio. The determination of the ACL for TDRs is based on a discounted cash flow approach for both those measured collectively and individually, unless the loan is deemed collateral dependent, which requires measurement of the ACL based on the fair value of the collateral less cost to sell.

Acquired Loans. Loans acquired through a purchase or a business combination are recorded at their fair value at the acquisition date. The Company performs an assessment of acquired loans to first determine if such loans have experienced more than insignificant deterioration in credit quality since their origination and thus should be classified and accounted for as purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans. For loans that have not experienced more than insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination, referred to as non-PCD loans, the Company records such loans at fair value, with any resulting discount or premium accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan using the interest method. Additionally, upon the purchase or acquisition of non-PCD loans, the Company measures and records an ACL based on the Company’s methodology for determining the ACL. The ACL for non-PCD loans is recorded through a charge to the provision for credit losses in the period in which the loans were purchased or acquired.


Acquired loans that are classified as PCD are acquired at fair value, which includes any resulting premiums or discounts. Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted into interest income over the remaining life of the loan using the interest method. Unlike non-PCD loans, the initial ACL for PCD loans is established through an adjustment to the acquired loan balance and not through a charge to the provision for credit losses in the period in which the loans were acquired. The ACL for PCD loans is determined with the use of the Company’s ACL methodology. Characteristics of PCD loans include: delinquency, downgrade in credit quality since origination, loans on nonaccrual status and/or other factors the Company may become aware of through its initial analysis of acquired loans that may indicate there has been more than insignificant deterioration in credit quality since a loan’s origination. As of January 1, 2020 and March 31, 2020, there were no loans classified as PCD loans.

Subsequent to acquisition, the ACL for both non-PCD and PCD loans are determined with the use of the Company’s ACL methodology in the same manner as all other loans.

Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”). Real estate properties acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are recorded at fair value, less cost to sell, with any excess of the loan’s amortized cost balance over the fair value of the property recorded as a charge against the ACL. The Company obtains an appraisal and/or market valuation on all other real estate owned at the time of possession. After foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management. Any subsequent declines in fair value are recorded as a charge to non-interest expense in current period earnings with a corresponding write-down to the asset. All legal fees and direct costs, including foreclosure and other related costs are expensed as incurred.

Use of Estimates–. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.




Note 4 – Acquisitions

Grandpoint Capital, Inc.Pending Acquisition of Opus
On January 31, 2020, the Corporation, the Bank and Opus Bank (“Opus”) entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Opus in an all-stock transaction valued at approximately $1.0 billion, or $26.82 per share, based on a closing price for the Corporation’s common stock of $29.80 as of January 31, 2020. Based on the $18.84 closing price for the Corporation’s common stock as of March 31, 2020, the value of the transaction is approximately $653.3 million, or $16.96 per share. The transaction will increase the Company’s total assets to approximately $20 billion on a pro forma basis as of December 31, 2019.

Effective as of July 1, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of Grandpoint Capital, Inc. (“Grandpoint”), the holding company of Grandpoint Bank,Opus is a California-chartered state bank with $3.1headquartered in Irvine, California. As of March 31, 2020, Opus has $8.4 billion in total assets, $2.4$6.0 billion in gross loans and $2.5$6.7 billion in total deposits at June 30, 2018.deposits. Opus operates 46 banking offices located throughout California, Washington, Oregon and Arizona.

PursuantThe consideration payable to the termsOpus shareholders upon consummation of the merger agreement, each outstanding shareacquisition will consist of Grandpoint votingwhole shares of the Corporation’s common stock and Grandpoint non-voting common stock was converted into the right to receive 0.4750cash in lieu of fractional shares of the Corporation’s common stock. The final valueUpon consummation of the total transaction, consideration was approximately $602.2 million, after approximately $28.1 million in aggregate cash consideration payable(i) each share of Opus common stock, 0 par value per share, issued and outstanding immediately prior to holdersthe effective time of Grandpoint share-based compensation awards by Grandpoint. The transaction consideration represented the issuance of 15,758,089acquisition will be canceled and exchanged for the right to receive 0.9000 shares of the Corporation’s common stock, valued at $38.15 perand (ii) each share which wasof Opus Series A non-cumulative, non-voting preferred stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing priceeffective time of the acquisition will be converted into and canceled in exchange for the right to receive that number of shares of the Corporation’s common stock on June 29, 2018, the last trading day priorequal to the consummationproduct of (X) the number of shares of Opus common stock into which such share of Opus preferred stock is convertible in connection with, and as a result of, the Merger.
Goodwillacquisition, and (Y) 0.9000, in each case, plus cash in lieu of fractional shares of the Corporation’s common stock. Existing Corporation shareholders will own approximately 63% of the outstanding shares of the combined company, and Opus shareholders are expected to own approximately 37%. We expect to issue approximately 34.7 million shares of our common stock in the amount of $312.6 million was recognized in the Grandpoint acquisition. Goodwill represents the future economic benefits arising from net assets acquired that are not individually identified and separately recognized and is attributable to synergies expected to be derived from the combination of the two entities. Goodwill recognized in this transaction is not deductible for income tax purposes.
The following table represents the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of Grandpoint as of July 1, 2018 and the fair value adjustments and amounts recorded by the Company in 2018 under the acquisition method of accounting: 
 Grandpoint Book Value Fair Value Adjustments Fair Value
ASSETS ACQUIRED(dollars in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$147,551
 $—
 $147,551
Investment securities395,905
 (3,047) 392,858
Loans, gross2,404,042
 (51,325) 2,352,717
Allowance for loan losses(18,665) 18,665
 —
Fixed assets6,015
 3,107
 9,122
Core deposit intangible5,093
 66,850
 71,943
Deferred tax assets14,185
 (9,157) 5,028
Other assets97,441
 (436) 97,005
Total assets acquired$3,051,567
 $24,657
 $3,076,224
LIABILITIES ASSUMED     
Deposits$2,506,663
 $266
 $2,506,929
Borrowings255,155
 (232) 254,923
Other liabilities23,687
 1,172
 24,859
Total liabilities assumed2,785,505
 1,206
 2,786,711
Excess of assets acquired over liabilities assumed$266,062
 $23,451
 289,513
Consideration paid   
 602,152
Goodwill recognized 
  
 $312,639


Such fair values are estimates and subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of acquisition as additional information relative to the closing date fair values becomes available and such information is considered final, whichever is earlier. Since the acquisition, the Company has made a net adjustment of $580,000 related to loans, deferred tax assets and other assets. During the second quarter of 2019, the Company finalized its fair values with thisOpus acquisition.


The Company accounted for this transaction underis targeting a June 1, 2020 effective closing date, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions. For additional information about the proposed acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, which requires purchased assets and liabilities assumed to be recorded at their respective fair values atOpus, see the date of acquisition.

Grandpoint’s loan portfolio was recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition. A valuation of Grandpoint’s loan portfolio was performed by a third party as of the acquisition date to assess the fair value of the loan portfolio. The loan portfolio was segmented into two groups; loan with credit deterioration and loans without credit deterioration, and then split further by loan type. The fair value was calculatedCorporation’s Current Report on an individual loan basis using a discounted cash flow analysis. The discount rate utilized was based on a weighted average cost of capital, considering the cost of equity and cost of debt. Also factored into the fair value estimates were loss rates, recovery periods and prepayment rates, all of which were based on industry standards.

The Company also determined the fair value of the core deposit intangible, securities, real property, leases, deposits and long-term borrowingsForm 8-K filed with the assistance of third-party valuations. The fair value of other real estate owned (“OREO”) was basedSEC on recent appraisals ofFebruary 6, 2020, which includes as an exhibit the properties less estimated costs to sell.

The core deposit intangible on non-maturing deposits was determined by evaluating the underlying characteristics of the deposit relationships, including customer attrition, deposit interest rates, service charge income, overhead expense and costs of alternative funding. Since the fair value of intangible assets are calculated as if they were stand-alone assets, the presumption is that a hypothetical buyer of the intangible asset would be able to take advantage of potential tax benefits resulting from the asset purchase. The value of the benefit is the present value over the period of the tax benefit, using the discount rate applicable to the asset.
In determining the fair value of certificates of deposit, a discounted cash flow analysis was used, which involved present valuing the contractual payments over the remaining life of the certificates of deposit at market-based interest rates.
For loans acquired from Grandpoint, the contractual amounts due, expected cash flows to be collected, interest component and fair value as of acquisition date were as follows:
 Grandpoint Acquired Loans
 (dollars in thousands)
Contractual amounts due$3,496,905
Cash flows not expected to be collected39,071
Expected cash flows3,457,834
Interest component of expected cash flows1,105,117
Fair value of acquired loans$2,352,717


In accordance with U.S. GAAP, there was no carryover of the allowance for loan losses that had been previously recorded by Grandpoint.


The operating results of the Company for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 include the operating results of Grandpoint. The following table presents the unaudited pro forma information for the net interest and other income, net income and earnings per share as if the acquisition was effective as of January 1, 2018 for the periods indicated and includes certain nonrecurring adjustments reflecting the estimated impact of certain fair value adjustments for the respective periods.

  Nine Months Ended
  September 30, 2018
  (dollars in thousands, except share data)
Net interest and other income $363,538
Net income 120,400
Basic earnings per share 1.95
Diluted earnings per share 1.93

definitive agreement.


Note 5 – Investment Securities
 
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities were as follows:
 September 30, 2019 March 31, 2020
 
Amortized
 Cost
 
Unrealized
Gain
 
Unrealized
Loss
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Amortized
 Cost
 
Gross Unrealized
Gain
 
Gross Unrealized
Loss
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 (dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale:  
        
      
U.S. Treasury $60,457
 $3,733
 $—
 $64,190
 $30,179
 $2,654
 $—
 $32,833
Agency 251,329
 10,778
 (549) 261,558
 228,715
 19,350
 (299) 247,766
Corporate 125,564
 2,255
 (17) 127,802
 174,161
 2,658
 (786) 176,033
Municipal bonds 279,593
 14,562
 (56) 294,099
 391,992
 15,602
 (497) 407,097
Collateralized mortgage obligation: residential 10,514
 132
 (4) 10,642
Mortgage-backed securities: residential 486,746
 12,570
 (952) 498,364
Collateralized mortgage obligations 9,346
 311
 (1) 9,656
Mortgage-backed securities 441,156
 23,220
 —
 464,376
Total investment securities available-for-sale 1,214,203
 44,030
 (1,578) 1,256,655
 1,275,549
 63,795
 (1,583) 1,337,761
Investment securities held-to-maturity:                
Mortgage-backed securities: residential 38,686
 967
 (98) 39,555
Mortgage-backed securities 32,865
 1,685
 —
 34,550
Other 1,747
 —
 —
 1,747
 1,688
 —
 —
 1,688
Total investment securities held-to-maturity 40,433
 967
 (98) 41,302
 34,553
 1,685
 —
 36,238
Total investment securities $1,254,636
 $44,997
 $(1,676) $1,297,957
 $1,310,102
 $65,480
 $(1,583) $1,373,999

 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2019
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gain
 
Unrealized
Loss
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross Unrealized
Gain
 
Gross Unrealized
Loss
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 (dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale:  
        
      
U.S. Treasury $59,688
 $1,224
 $—
 $60,912
 $60,457
 $3,137
 $(39) $63,555
Agency 128,958
 1,631
 (519) 130,070
 240,348
 7,686
 (1,676) 246,358
Corporate 104,158
 291
 (906) 103,543
 149,150
 2,217
 (14) 151,353
Municipal bonds 238,914
 1,941
 (2,225) 238,630
 384,032
 13,450
 (184) 397,298
Collateralized mortgage obligation: residential 24,699
 64
 (425) 24,338
Mortgage-backed securities: residential 554,751
 1,112
 (10,134) 545,729
Collateralized mortgage obligations 9,869
 123
 (8) 9,984
Mortgage-backed securities 494,404
 7,603
 (2,171) 499,836
Total investment securities available-for-sale 1,111,168
 6,263
 (14,209) 1,103,222
 1,338,260
 34,216
 (4,092) 1,368,384
Investment securities held-to-maturity:                
Mortgage-backed securities: residential 43,381
 148
 (686) 42,843
Mortgage-backed securities 36,114
 922
 —
 37,036
Other 1,829
 —
 —
 1,829
 1,724
 —
 —
 1,724
Total investment securities held-to-maturity 45,210
 148
 (686) 44,672
 37,838
 922
 —
 38,760
Total investment securities $1,156,378
 $6,411
 $(14,895) $1,147,894
 $1,376,098
 $35,138
 $(4,092) $1,407,144


Unrealized gains and losses on investment securities available-for-sale are recognized in stockholders’ equity as accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, the Company had accumulated other comprehensive income of $42.5$62.2 million, or $30.2$44.4 million net of tax, compared to an accumulated other comprehensive lossincome of $7.9$30.1 million, or $5.6$21.5 million net of tax, at December 31, 2018.2019.

    

Beginning the first quarter of 2019, the Bank no longer had HOA reverse repurchase agreements and unpledged all the supporting mortgage-backed securities. At December 31, 2018, mortgage-backed securities with an estimated par value of $20.3 million and a fair value of $20.9 million were pledged as collateral for the Bank’s HOA reverse repurchase agreements, which totaled $75,000. The average balance of repurchase agreement facilities was $15.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2018.


At September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2018,2019, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. Government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders’ equity.

The Company reviews individual securities classified as available-for-sale to determine whether a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis is temporary because (i) those declines weredeemed credit related or due to other factors such as changes in interest rate changesrates and not to a deteriorationgeneral market conditions. The Company recognizes credit losses in current period earnings when declines in the creditworthinessfair value of individual available-for-sale securities are below their amortized cost, and the issuersdecline in fair value is deemed to be credit related. Declines in fair value below amortized cost not deemed credit related are recorded net of those investment securities, and (ii) we havetax in accumulated other comprehensive income. In the ability to hold those securities until there is a recovery in their values or until their maturity.

If it is probable thatevent the Company will be unableis required to collect all amounts due accordingsell or has the intent to contractual terms ofsell an available-for-sale security that has experienced a decline in fair value below its amortized cost, the debt security not impaired at acquisition, an other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) shall be considered to have occurred. If an OTTI occurs,Company writes the amortized cost basis of the security will be written down to its fair value in the current period.

As of March 31, 2020, the Company has not recorded credit losses on certain available-for-sale securities that were in an unrealized loss position due to the high quality of the investments, with investment grade ratings, and many of them are issued by U.S. government agencies. Additionally, the Company continues to receive contractual principal and interest payments in a timely manner. The Company performed an assessment of these investments as of March 31, 2020, and does not believe the new cost basisdeclines in fair value are credit related.

At March 31, 2020, there were 0 available-for-sale or held-to-maturity securities in nonaccrual status. All securities in the portfolio were current with their contractual principal and the write down accounted for as a realized loss. There wasinterest payments. At March 31, 2020 andDecember 31, 2019, there were 0 OTTI for the nine months ended September 30, 2019securities purchased with deterioration in credit quality since their origination. At March 31, 2020, there were 0 collateral dependent available-for-sale or September 30, 2018.held-to-maturity securities.

The table below shows the number, fair value and gross unrealized holding losses of the Company’s investment securities by investment category and length of time that the securities have been in a continuous loss position.
September 30, 2019March 31, 2020
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer TotalLess than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
Number 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Holding
Losses
 Number 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Holding
Losses
 Number 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Holding
Losses
Number 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Number 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Number 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
(dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale:                                  
U.S. Treasury—
 $—
 $—
 —
 $—
 $—
 —
 $—
 $—
Agency4
 $30,761
 $(207) 11
 $15,789
 $(342) 15
 $46,550
 $(549)—
 —
 —
 9
 12,166
 (299) 9
 12,166
 (299)
Corporate1
 1,022
 (13) 1
 1,526
 (4) 2
 2,548
 (17)—
 —
 —
 8
 47,012
 (786) 8
 47,012
 (786)
Municipal bonds10
 9,809
 (56) —
 —
 —
 10
 9,809
 (56)—
 —
 —
 5
 19,663
 (497) 5
 19,663
 (497)
Collateralized mortgage obligation: residential—
 —
 —
 1
 652
 (4) 1
 652
 (4)
Mortgage-backed securities: residential6
 47,359
 (216) 19
 35,853
 (736) 25
 83,212
 (952)
Collateralized mortgage obligations—
 —
 —
 1
 565
 (1) 1
 565
 (1)
Mortgage-backed securities.—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Total investment securities available-for-sale21
 88,951
 (492) 32
 53,820
 (1,086) 53
 142,771
 (1,578)—
 —
 —
 23
 79,406
 (1,583) 23
 79,406
 (1,583)
Investment securities held-to-maturity:                                  
Mortgage-backed securities: residential—
 —
 —
 3
 13,953
 (98) 3
 13,953
 (98)—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Other—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Total investment securities held-to-maturity—
 —
 —
 3
 13,953
 (98) 3
 13,953
 (98)—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Total investment securities21
 $88,951
 $(492) 35
 $67,773
 $(1,184) 56
 $156,724
 $(1,676)—
 $—
 $—
 23
 $79,406
 $(1,583) 23
 $79,406
 $(1,583)



December 31, 2018December 31, 2019
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer TotalLess than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
Number Fair
Value		 Gross
Unrealized
Holding
Losses		 Number Fair
Value		 Gross
Unrealized
Holding
Losses		 Number Fair
Value		 Gross
Unrealized
Holding
Losses		Number 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Number 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Number 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
(dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale:                                  
U.S. Treasury1
 $10,194
 $(39) —
 $—
 $—
 1
 $10,194
 $(39)
Agency15
 $26,229
 $(333) 6
 $10,434
 $(186) 21
 $36,663
 $(519)13
 102,874
 (1,340) 9
 13,514
 (336) 22
 116,388
 (1,676)
Corporate9
 47,805
 (471) 8
 19,369
 (435) 17
 67,174
 (906)1
 1,017
 (14) —
 —
 —
 1
 1,017
 (14)
Municipal bonds60
 45,083
 (369) 102
 69,693
 (1,856) 162
 114,776
 (2,225)12
 30,541
 (184) —
 —
 —
 12
 30,541
 (184)
Collateralized mortgage obligation: residential1
 814
 (1) 8
 18,104
 (424) 9
 18,918
 (425)
Mortgage-backed securities: residential20
 70,839
 (435) 120
 324,864
 (9,699) 140
 395,703
 (10,134)
Collateralized mortgage obligations—
 —
 —
 1
 603
 (8) 1
 603
 (8)
Mortgage-backed securities.18
 130,014
 (1,681) 11
 26,886
 (490) 29
 156,900
 (2,171)
Total investment securities available-for-sale105
 190,770
 (1,609) 244
 442,464
 (12,600) 349
 633,234
 (14,209)45
 274,640
 (3,258) 21
 41,003
 (834) 66
 315,643
 (4,092)
Investment securities held-to-maturity:                                  
Mortgage-backed securities: residential3
 11,256
 (81) 3
 15,741
 (605) 6
 26,997
 (686)
Mortgage-backed securities—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Total investment securities held-to-maturity3
 11,256
 (81) 3
 15,741
 (605) 6
 26,997
 (686)—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Total investment securities108
 $202,026
 $(1,690) 247
 $458,205
 $(13,205) 355
 $660,231
 $(14,895)45
 $274,640
 $(3,258) 21
 $41,003
 $(834) 66
 $315,643
 $(4,092)



The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities at September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, by contractual maturity are shown in the table below.

Due in One Year
or Less
 
Due after One Year
through Five Years
 
Due after Five Years
through Ten Years
 
Due after
Ten Years
 Total
Due in One Year
or Less
 
Due after One Year
through Five Years
 
Due after Five Years
through Ten Years
 
Due after
Ten Years
 Total
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
(dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale:                                      
U.S. Treasury$498
 $499
 $20,171
 $20,702
 $39,788
 $42,989
 $—
 $—
 $60,457
 $64,190
$—
 $—
 $20,155
 $21,555
 $10,024
 $11,278
 $—
 $—
 $30,179
 $32,833
Agency—
 —
 42,658
 44,453
 165,240
 171,635
 43,431
 45,470
 251,329
 261,558
1,000
 1,019
 40,613
 43,765
 155,152
 166,661
 31,950
 36,321
 228,715
 247,766
Corporate—
 —
 —
 —
 125,564
 127,802
 —
 —
 125,564
 127,802
—
 —
 —
 —
 174,161
 176,033
 —
 —
 174,161
 176,033
Municipal bonds—
 —
 3,569
 3,710
 34,911
 36,057
 241,113
 254,332
 279,593
 294,099
9,920
 9,607
 1,848
 1,952
 30,979
 32,648
 349,245
 362,890
 391,992
 407,097
Collateralized mortgage obligation: residential—
 —
 —
 —
 657
 652
 9,857
 9,990
 10,514
 10,642
Mortgage-backed securities: residential—
 —
 2,576
 2,652
 168,693
 172,752
 315,477
 322,960
 486,746
 498,364
Collateralized mortgage obligations—
 —
 —
 —
 566
 565
 8,780
 9,091
 9,346
 9,656
Mortgage-backed securities—
 —
 2,236
 2,436
 196,338
 208,414
 242,582
 253,526
 441,156
 464,376
Total investment securities available-for-sale498
 499
 68,974
 71,517
 534,853
 551,887
 609,878
 632,752
 1,214,203
 1,256,655
10,920
 10,626
 64,852
 69,708
 567,220
 595,599
 632,557
 661,828
 1,275,549
 1,337,761
Investment securities held-to-maturity:                                      
Mortgage-backed securities: residential—
 —
 913
 953
 —
 —
 37,773
 38,602
 38,686
 39,555
Mortgage-backed securities—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 32,865
 34,550
 32,865
 34,550
Other—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 1,747
 1,747
 1,747
 1,747
—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 1,688
 1,688
 1,688
 1,688
Total investment securities held-to-maturity—
 —
 913
 953
 —
 —
 39,520
 40,349
 40,433
 41,302
—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 34,553
 36,238
 34,553
 36,238
Total investment securities$498
 $499
 $69,887
 $72,470
 $534,853
 $551,887
 $649,398
 $673,101
 $1,254,636
 $1,297,957
$10,920
 $10,626
 $64,852
 $69,708
 $567,220
 $595,599
 $667,110
 $698,066
 $1,310,102
 $1,373,999


    


During the three months ended September 30, 2019, June 30,March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, the Company recognized gross gains on sales of available-for-sale securities in the amount of $5.1$8.0 million, $406,000$3.8 million and $1.3$1.0 million, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, June 30,March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, the Company recognized gross losses on sales of available-for-sale securities in the amount of $811,000, $194,000$204,000, $147,000 and $208,000,$615,000, respectively. The Company had net proceeds from the sales of available-for-sale securities of $191.3 million, $57.2 million and $378.5$155.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019, June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized gross gains on
salesMarch 31, 2020, of available-for-salewhich $57.4 million were receivables for securities in the amount of $6.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized gross losses on the sales of available-for sale securities in the amount of $1.6 million and $208,000, respectively. with a later settlement date. The Company had net proceeds from the sales of available-for-sale securities of $418.5$133.3 million and $394.5$168.8 million during the ninethree months ended September 30,December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.March 31, 2019.
Investment securities with carrying values of $111.5 million and $125.7 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits, other borrowings and for other purposes as required or permitted by law.

FHLB, FRB and Other Stock

At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, the Company had $17.3 million in Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco (“FHLB”) stock, $51.6$51.7 million in Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (“FRB”) stock and $24.0$23.9 million in other stock, all carried at cost. During the three months ended June 30,March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, and September 30, 2018, the FHLB repurchased $5.4$10.3 million and $15.0$12.9 million, respectively, of the Company’s excess FHLB stock through its stock repurchase program. During the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2019, the FHLB did not repurchase any of the Company’s excess FHLB stock through its stock repurchase program.

The Company evaluates its investments in FHLB, FRB and other stock for impairment periodically, including their capital adequacy and overall financial condition. NaN impairment loss has been recorded through September 30, 2019.March 31, 2020.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Investment Securities

The Company accounts for credit losses on debt securities in accordance with ASC 326, which requires the Company to record an ACL on held-to-maturity investment securities at the time of purchase or acquisition. The ACL for held-to-maturity investment securities represents the Company’s current estimate of expected credit losses that may be incurred over the life of the investment. An ACL on available-for-sale investment securities is recorded when the fair value of the investment is below its amortized cost and the decline in fair value has been deemed to be credit related through the Company’s qualitative assessment. Non-credit related declines in fair value of available-for-sale investment securities are not recorded through an ACL, but rather recorded as an adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. The Company determines credit losses on both available-for-sale investment securities through the use of a discounted cash flow approach using the security’s effective interest rate. The ACL is measured as the amount by which an investment security’s amortized cost exceeds the net present value of expected future cash flows. However, the amount of credit losses for available-for-sale investment securities is limited to the amount of a security’s unrealized loss. The ACL is established through a charge to provision for credit losses in current period earnings.

The Company did not record an ACL for available-for-sale or held-to-maturity investment securities during the three months ended March 31, 2020. For available-for-sale securities where estimated fair value was below amortized cost, such declines were deemed non-credit related and recorded as an adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. Non-credit related decline in fair value of available-for-sale investment securities can be attributed to changes in interest rates and other market related factors. The Company did not record an ACL for held-to maturity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2020, because the likelihood of non-repayment is remote.


The following table summarizes the Company’s investment securities portfolio by Moody’s external rating equivalent and by vintage as of March 31, 2020:
 Vintage  
 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Total
 (Dollars in thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale             
U.S. Treasury             
Aaa - Aa3$—
 $—
 $22,091
 $10,742
 $—
 $—
 $32,833
A1 - A3—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Baa1 - Baa3—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Agency             
Aaa - Aa3—
 30,350
 111,128
 9,668
 16,063
 68,391
 235,600
A1 - A3—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Baa1 - Baa3—
 —
 —
 —
 5,521
 6,645
 12,166
Corporate debt             
Aaa - Aa3—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
A1 - A3—
 19,858
 —
 —
 10,772
 —
 30,630
Baa1 - Baa320,015
 42,353
 31,435
 18,080
 20,514
 13,006
 145,403
Municipal bonds             
Aaa - Aa319,663
 258,095
 32,219
 39,913
 18,950
 23,775
 392,615
A1 - A3—
 —
 —
 —
 1,800
 2,270
 4,070
Baa1 - Baa3—
 5,731
 —
 3,357
 —
 1,324
 10,412
Collateralized mortgage obligations             
Aaa - Aa3—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 9,656
 9,656
A1 - A3—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Baa1 - Baa3—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Mortgage-backed securities             
Aaa - Aa324,063
 156,697
 54,080
 86,204
 45,811
 97,521
 464,376
A1 - A3—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Baa1 - Baa3—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Total investment securities available-for-sale63,741
 513,084
 250,953
 167,964
 119,431
 222,588
 1,337,761
Investment securities held-to-maturity             
Mortgage-backed securities             
Aaa - Aa3—
 —
 10,332
 8,104
 5,396
 9,033
 32,865
A1 - A3—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Baa1 - Baa3—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Other             
Aaa - Aa3—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
A1 - A3—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Baa1 - Baa3—
 —
 672
 —
 —
 1,016
 1,688
Total investment securities held-to-maturity—
 —
 11,004
 8,104
 5,396
 10,049
 34,553
Total investment securities$63,741
 $513,084
 $261,957
 $176,068
 $124,827
 $232,637
 $1,372,314




Note 6 – Loans Held for Investment
 
The following table sets forthpresents the composition of ourthe loan portfolio in dollar amounts atfor the datesperiod indicated:
 September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
 (dollars in thousands)
Business loans   
Commercial and industrial$1,233,938
 $1,364,423
Franchise894,023
 765,416
Commercial owner occupied (1)
1,678,888
 1,679,122
SBA179,965
 193,882
Agribusiness119,633
 138,519
    Total business loans4,106,447
 4,141,362
Real estate loans 
  
Commercial non-owner occupied2,053,590
 2,003,174
Multi-family1,611,904
 1,535,289
One-to-four family (2)
273,182
 356,264
Construction478,961
 523,643
Farmland171,667
 150,502
Land30,717
 46,628
    Total real estate loans4,620,021
 4,615,500
Consumer loans   
Consumer loans40,548
 89,424
Gross loans held for investment (3)
8,767,016
 8,846,286
Deferred loan origination (fees)/costs and (discounts)/premiums, net(9,540) (9,468)
Loans held for investment8,757,476
 8,836,818
Allowance for loan losses(35,000) (36,072)
Loans held for investment, net$8,722,476
 $8,800,746
    
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value$7,092
 $5,719
  March 31, December 31,
  2020 2019
  (Dollars in thousands)
Investor loans secured by real estate    
Commercial real estate (“CRE”) non-owner-occupied $2,040,198
 $2,070,141
Multifamily 1,625,682
 1,575,726
Construction and land 377,525
 438,786
SBA secured by real estate (1)
 61,665
 68,431
Total investor loans secured by real estate 4,105,070
 4,153,084
Business loans secured by real estate (2)
    
CRE owner-occupied 1,887,632
 1,846,554
Franchise real estate secured 371,428
 353,240
SBA secured by real estate (3)
 83,640
 88,381
Total business loans secured by real estate 2,342,700
 2,288,175
Commercial loans (4)
    
Commercial and industrial 1,458,969
 1,393,270
Franchise non-real estate secured 547,793
 564,357
SBA non-real estate secured 16,265
 17,426
Total commercial loans 2,023,027
 1,975,053
Retail loans    
Single family residential (5)
 237,180
 255,024
Consumer 46,892
 50,975
Total retail loans 284,072
 305,999
Gross loans held for investment (6)
 8,754,869
 8,722,311
Allowance for credit losses for loans held for investment (7)
 (115,422) (35,698)
Loans held for investment, net $8,639,447
 $8,686,613
     
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value $111
 $1,672

(1) SecuredSBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real estate.property.
(2) IncludesLoans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property.
(4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds.
(3)(6) Total gross loans held for investment for September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are net of theIncludes unaccreted fair value net purchase discounts of $46.8$35.9 million and $61.0$40.7 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
(7) The ACL as of December 31, 2019 was the allowance for loan and lease losses (“ALLL”) accounted for under ASC 450 and ASC 310, which is reflective of probable incurred losses as of the balance sheet date. The ACL at March 31, 2020 is accounted for under ASC 326, which is reflective of estimated expected lifetime credit losses.



Loans Serviced for Others

The Company generally retains the servicing rights of the guaranteed portion of Small Business Administration (“SBA”)SBA loans sold, for which the Company records a servicing asset at fair value within its other assets category. At September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2018,2019, the servicing asset totaled $7.9$7.3 million and $8.5$7.7 million, respectively, and was included in other assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to the carrying amount. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance, to the extent the fair value is less than the carrying amount. At September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2018,2019, the Company determined that no valuation allowance was necessary.
    

Loans serviced for others are not included in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition. The unpaid principal balance of loans and participations serviced for others were $646.7$614.7 million at September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 and $635.3$633.8 million at December 31, 2018,2019, including SBA participations serviced for others totaling $492.8$455.9 million at September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 and $519.8$475.3 million at December 31, 2018.2019.

Concentration of Credit Risk
 
As of September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, the Company’s loan portfolio was primarily collateralized by various forms of real estate and business assets located predominately in California. The Company’s loan portfolio contains concentrations of credit in multi-familymultifamily real estate, commercial non-owner occupiednon-owner-occupied real estate, commercial owner occupiedowner-occupied real estate loans and commercial and industrial business loans. The Bank maintains policies approved by the Bank’s Board of Directors (the “Bank Board”) that address these concentrations and diversifies its loan portfolio through loan originations, purchases and sales to meet approved concentration levels. While management believes that the collateral presently securing these loans is adequate, there can be no assurances that a significant deterioration in the California real estate market or economy would not expose the Company to significantly greater credit risk.

Under applicable laws and regulations, the Bank may not make secured loans to one borrower in excess of 25% of the Bank’s unimpaired capital plus surplus and likewise in excess of 15% of the Bank’s unimpaired capital plus surplus for unsecured loans. These loans-to-one borrower limitations result in a dollar limitation of $557.5$581.5 million for secured loans and $334.5$348.9 million for unsecured loans at September 30, 2019.March 31, 2020. In order to manage concentration risk, the Bank maintains a house lending limit well below these statutory maximums. At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, the Bank’s largest aggregate outstanding balance of loans to one borrower was $125.3$128.4 million comprised of $101.5 million and $23.8$26.9 million of secured CRE non-owner-occupied and unsecured C&I credit, respectively.
 

Credit Quality and Credit Risk Management
 
The Company’s credit quality and credit risk are controlled in 2 distinct areas. The first is the loan origination process, wherein the Bank underwrites credit quality and chooses which risks it is willing to accept. The Company maintains a comprehensive credit policy, which sets forth maximum tolerances for key elements of loan risk. The policy identifies and sets forth specific guidelines for analyzing each of the loan products the Company offers from both an individual and portfolio-wide basis. The credit policy is reviewed annually by the Bank’sBank Board. The Bank’s underwriters ensure key risk factors are analyzed with nearly all underwriting including a comprehensive global cash flow analysis of the prospective borrowers.
 
The second is in the ongoing oversight of the loan portfolio, where existing credit risk is measured and monitored, and where performance issues are dealt with in a timely and comprehensive fashion. Credit risk is managed within the loan portfolio by the Company’s portfolio managers based on a comprehensive credit and portfolio review policy. This policy requires a program of financial data collection and analysis, comprehensive loan reviews, property and/or business inspections and monitoring of portfolio concentrations and trends. The portfolio managers also monitor borrowing bases under asset-based lines of credit, loan covenants and other conditions associated with the Company’s business loans as a means to help identify potential credit risk. Individual loans, excluding the homogeneous loan portfolio, are reviewed at least every two years and in most cases, more often, including the assignment or confirmation of a risk grade.
 
Risk grades are based on a 6-grade Pass scale, along with Special Mention, Substandard, Doubtful and Loss classifications, as such classifications are defined by the regulatory agencies. The assignment of risk grades allows the Company to, among other things, identify the risk associated with each credit in the portfolio, and to provide a basis for estimating credit losses inherent in the portfolio. Risk grades are reviewed regularly with the Company’s Credit and Portfolio Review Committee, and the portfolio management and risk grading process is
reviewed on an ongoing basis by an independent loan review function, as well as by regulatory agencies during scheduled examinations.
 

The following provides brief definitions for risk grades assigned to loans in the portfolio:
 
Pass classifications represent assets with a level of credit quality, in which no well-defined deficiency or weakness exists.
Special Mention assets do not currently expose the Bank to a sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the adverse categories, but possess correctable deficiencies or potential weaknesses deserving management’s close attention.
Substandard assets are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. These assets are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. OREO acquired from foreclosure is also classified as Substandard.
Doubtful credits have all the weaknesses inherent in Substandard credits, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.
Loss assets are those that are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted. Amounts classified as loss are promptly charged off.


The Bank’s portfolio managers also manage loan performance risks, collections, workouts, bankruptcies and foreclosures. A special department, whose portfolio managers have professional expertise in these areas, typically handles or advises on these types of matters. Loan performance risks are mitigated by our portfolio managers acting promptly and assertively to address problem credits when they are identified. Collection efforts commence immediately upon non-payment, and the portfolio managers seek to promptly determine the appropriate steps to minimize the Company’s risk of loss. When foreclosure will maximize the Company’s recovery for a non-performing loan, the portfolio managers will take appropriate action to initiate the foreclosure process.
 
When a loan is graded as Special Mention, Substandardspecial mention, substandard or Doubtful,doubtful, the Company obtains an updated valuation of the underlying collateral. If, through the Company’s credit in questionrisk management process, it is also identified as impaired,determined the ultimate repayment of a valuation allowance, if necessary, is established against such loan or a loss is recognized by a charge towill come from the allowance for loan losses (“ALLL”) if management believes that some or allforeclosure upon and ultimate sale of the full amount of the Company’s recorded investment inunderlying collateral, the loan is no longer collectable.deemed collateral dependent and evaluated individually to determine an appropriate ACL for the loan. The ACL for such loans is measured as the amount by which the fair value of the underlying collateral, less estimated costs to sell, is less than the amortized cost of the loan. The Company typically obtainscontinues to obtain or confirmsconfirm updated valuations of underlying collateral for Special Mentionspecial mention and classified loans on an annual or biannual basis in order to have the most current indication of fair value. Oncevalue of the underlying collateral securing the loan. Additionally, once a loan is identified as impaired,collateral dependent, due to the likelihood of foreclosure, and repayment of the loan is expected to come from the eventual sale of the underlying collateral, an analysis of the underlying collateral is performed at least quarterly, and corresponding changesquarterly. Changes in any related valuation allowancethe estimated fair value of the collateral are made or balancesreflected in the lifetime ACL for the loan. Balances deemed to be fully uncollectable are promptly charged-off.


The following table stratifies the loans held for investment portfolio by the Company’s internal risk grading, and by year of origination, as of March 31, 2020:
 Term Loans by Vintage      
 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Revolving Converted to Term During the Period Total
March 31, 2020(Dollars in thousands)
Investor loans secured by real estate                 
CRE non-owner-occupied                 
Pass$104,083
 $382,006
 $381,751
 $302,979
 $207,185
 $644,656
 $11,085
 $—
 $2,033,745
Special mention—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 4,904
 —
 —
 4,904
Substandard—
 —
 318
 —
 —
 672
 559
 —
 1,549
Doubtful and loss—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 

 —
Multifamily                 
Pass105,208
 308,369
 315,462
 241,938
 291,126
 362,377
 987
 —
 1,625,467
Special mention—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Substandard—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 215
 —
 —
 215
Doubtful and loss—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 

 —
Construction and land                 
Pass2,250
 118,550
 139,340
 106,230
 —
 8,962
 391
 —
 375,723
Special mention—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Substandard—
 —
 —
 1,802
 —
 $—
 —
 —
 1,802
Doubtful and loss—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 

 —
SBA secured by real estate (1)
                 
Pass494
 10,726
 12,324
 16,189
 7,160
 11,032
 —
 —
 57,925
Special mention—
 —
 —
 699
 —
 271
 —
 —
 970
Substandard—
 —
 1,494
 —
 392
 884
 —
 —
 2,770
Doubtful and loss—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 

 —
Total investor loans secured by real estate$212,035
 $819,651
 $850,689
 $669,837
 $505,863
 $1,033,973
 $13,022
 $—
 $4,105,070
Business loans secured by real estate (2)
                 
CRE owner-occupied                 
Pass$114,657
 $315,128
 $304,390
 $311,399
 $268,077
 $540,945
 $5,820
 $—
 $1,860,416
Special mention—
 —
 —
 8,251
 —
 6,875
 —
 —
 15,126
Substandard—
 —
 3,635
 727
 2,180
 5,298
 250
 —
 12,090
Doubtful and loss—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 

 —
Franchise real estate secured                 
Pass19,326
 87,574
 76,587
 109,203
 31,652
 46,184
 —
 —
 370,526
Special mention—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 902
 —
 —
 902
Substandard—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Doubtful and loss—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 

 —
SBA secured by real estate (3)
                 
Pass2,109
 7,723
 14,253
 17,388
 11,027
 25,896
 364
 —
 78,760
Special mention—
 —
 —
 1,015
 351
 466
 —
 —
 1,832
Substandard—
 —
 —
 1,033
 413
 1,602
 —
 —
 3,048
Doubtful and loss—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Total loans secured by business real estate$136,092
 $410,425
 $398,865
 $449,016
 $313,700
 $628,168
 $6,434
 $—
 $2,342,700

 Term Loans by Vintage      
 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Revolving Converted to Term During the Period Total
March 31, 2020(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial Loans (4)
                 
Commercial and industrial                 
Pass$31,625
 $125,432
 $102,018
 $103,546
 $37,006
 $115,500
 $899,341
 $1,574
 $1,416,042
Special mention—
 79
 352
 2,504
 137
 1,195
 18,254
 1,250
 23,771
Substandard—
 524
 2,769
 467
 1,915
 2,443
 11,038
 —
 19,156
Doubtful and loss—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 

 —
Franchise non-real estate secured                 
Pass10,261
 212,785
 125,954
 79,395
 52,726
 47,724
 2,062
 —
 530,907
Special mention—
 —
 —
 3,914
 —
 2,861
 —
 —
 6,775
Substandard—
 —
 —
 9,137
 —
 974
 —
 —
 10,111
Doubtful and loss—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 

 —
SBA non-real estate secured                 
Pass265
 2,383
 1,798
 2,258
 695
 3,737
 1,572
 285
 12,993
Special mention—
 —
 —
 —
 293
 173
 —
 —
 466
Substandard—
 88
 138
 261
 —
 1,532
 787
 —
 2,806
Doubtful and loss—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 

 —
Total commercial loans$42,151
 $341,291
 $233,029
 $201,482
 $92,772
 $176,139
 $933,054
 $3,109
 $2,023,027
Retail Loans                 
Single family residential (5)
                 
Pass$3,466
 $11,064
 $17,759
 $16,931
 $38,556
 $108,224
 $39,981
 —
 $235,981
Special mention—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 649
 —
 —
 649
Substandard—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 192
 358
 —
 550
Doubtful and loss—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 

 —
Consumer loans                 
Pass89
 214
 874
 38,045
 29
 3,311
 4,282
 —
 46,844
Special mention—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Substandard—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 48
 —
 —
 48
Doubtful and loss—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 

 —
Total retail loans$3,555
 $11,278
 $18,633
 $54,976
 $38,585
 $112,424
 $44,621
 $—
 $284,072
Totals gross loans$393,833
 $1,582,645
 $1,501,216
 $1,375,311
 $950,920
 $1,950,704
 $997,131
 $3,109
 $8,754,869

(1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property.
(2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property.
(4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds.
    












The following tables stratify the loan portfolio by the Company’s internal risk grading as of the periods indicated:December 31, 2019:
  Credit Risk Grades
  Pass 
Special
Mention
 Substandard Doubtful 
Total Gross
Loans
September 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands)
Business loans          
Commercial and industrial $1,219,358
 $4,438
 $10,142
 $—
 $1,233,938
Franchise 880,632
 13,375
 16
 —
 894,023
Commercial owner occupied 1,669,152
 1,321
 8,415
 —
 1,678,888
SBA 171,393
 1,881
 6,691
 —
 179,965
Agribusiness 107,551
 —
 12,082
 —
 119,633
Real estate loans          
Commercial non-owner occupied 2,052,813
 —
 777
 —
 2,053,590
Multi-family 1,611,686
 —
 218
 —
 1,611,904
One-to-four family 272,555
 —
 627
 —
 273,182
Construction 478,961
 —
 —
 —
 478,961
Farmland 171,667
 —
 —
 —
 171,667
Land 30,585
 —
 132
 —
 30,717
Consumer loans          
Consumer loans 40,494
 —
 54
 —
 40,548
     Totals $8,706,847
 $21,015
 $39,154
 $—
 $8,767,016
  Credit Risk Grades
  Pass Special
Mention		 Substandard Total Gross
Loans
December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands)
Investor loans secured by real estate  
  
  
  
CRE non-owner-occupied $2,067,875
 $1,178
 $1,088
 $2,070,141
Multifamily 1,575,510
 —
 216
 1,575,726
Construction and land 438,769
 —
 17
 438,786
SBA secured by real estate (1)
 65,835
 973
 1,623
 68,431
Total investor loans secured by real estate 4,147,989
 2,151
 2,944
 4,153,084
Business loans secured by real estate (2)
        
CRE owner-occupied 1,831,853
 11,167
 3,534
 1,846,554
Franchise real estate secured 352,319
 921
 —
 353,240
SBA secured by real estate (3)
 83,106
 1,842
 3,433
 88,381
Total business loans secured by real estate 2,267,278
 13,930
 6,967
 2,288,175
Commercial loans (4)
  
  
  
  
Commercial and industrial 1,359,662
 13,226
 20,382
 1,393,270
Franchise non-real estate secured 546,594
 6,930
 10,833
 564,357
SBA not secured by real estate 13,933
 485
 3,008
 17,426
Total commercial loans 1,920,189
 20,641
 34,223
 1,975,053
Retail loans        
Single family residential (5)
 254,463
 —
 561
 255,024
Consumer loans 50,921
 —
 54
 50,975
Total retail loans 305,384
 —
 615
 305,999
Total gross loans $8,640,840
 $36,722
 $44,749
 $8,722,311


  Credit Risk Grades
  Pass Special
Mention		 Substandard Doubtful Total Gross
Loans
December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands)
Business loans  
  
  
    
Commercial and industrial $1,340,284
 $12,005
 $12,134
 $—
 $1,364,423
Franchise 760,795
 4,431
 190
 —
 765,416
Commercial owner occupied 1,660,994
 1,580
 16,548
 —
 1,679,122
SBA 184,687
 2,289
 6,906
 —
 193,882
Agribusiness 125,355
 —
 13,164
 —
 138,519
Real estate loans  
  
  
    
Commercial non-owner occupied 1,996,756
 731
 5,687
 —
 2,003,174
Multi-family 1,530,567
 4,060
 662
 —
 1,535,289
One-to-four family 350,083
 728
 5,453
 —
 356,264
Construction 523,643
 —
 —
 —
 523,643
Farmland 150,381
 —
 121
 —
 150,502
Land 46,008
 132
 488
 —
 46,628
Consumer loans          
Consumer loans 89,321
 —
 103
 —
 89,424
Totals $8,758,874
 $25,956
 $61,456
 $—
 $8,846,286

(1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property.

(2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.

(3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property.
(4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds.

The following tables set forthstratify loans held by investment by delinquencies in the Company’s loan portfolio at the dates indicated:
   Days Past Due  
 Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Total
March 31, 2020(Dollars in thousands)
Investor loans secured by real estate         
CRE non-owner-occupied$2,037,130
 $2,191
 $—
 $877
 $2,040,198
Multifamily1,625,682
 —
 —
 —
 1,625,682
Construction and land375,723
 —
 —
 1,802
 377,525
SBA secured by real estate (1)
58,978
 1,147
 1,148
 392
 61,665
Total investor loans secured by real estate4,097,513
 3,338
 1,148
 3,071
 4,105,070
Business loans secured by real estate (2)
         
CRE owner-occupied1,883,996
 3,636
 —
 —
 1,887,632
Franchise real estate secured371,428
 —
 —
 —
 371,428
SBA secured by real estate (3)
82,608
 —
 —
 1,032
 83,640
Total business loans secured by real estate2,338,032
 3,636
 —
 1,032
 2,342,700
Commercial loans (4)
         
Commercial and industrial1,452,405
 1,249
 354
 4,961
 1,458,969
Franchise non-real estate secured538,651
 —
 —
 9,142
 547,793
SBA not secured by real estate15,325
 62
 —
 878
 16,265
Total commercial loans2,006,381
 1,311
 354
 14,981
 2,023,027
Retail loans         
Single family residential (5)
237,180
 —
 —
 —
 237,180
Consumer loans46,892
 —
 —
 —
 46,892
Total retail loans284,072
 —
 —
 —
 284,072
Totals$8,725,998
 $8,285
 $1,502
 $19,084
 $8,754,869

(1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property.
(2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property.
(4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds.


    Days Past Due    
  Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Total Gross Loans Non-accruing
September 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands)
Business loans    
  
  
    
Commercial and industrial $1,229,223
 $101
 $3,105
 $1,509
 $1,233,938
 $2,950
Franchise 893,999
 8
 —
 16
 894,023
 16
Commercial owner occupied 1,677,101
 382
 —
 1,405
 1,678,888
 1,405
SBA 176,541
 731
 107
 2,586
 179,965
 2,586
  Agribusiness 119,633
 —
 —
 —
 119,633
 —
Real estate loans  
  
  
  
  
  
Commercial non-owner occupied 2,052,813
 —
 —
 777
 2,053,590
 777
Multi-family 1,611,904
 —
 —
 —
 1,611,904
 —
One-to-four family 272,679
 503
 —
 —
 273,182
 371
Construction 478,961
 —
 —
 —
 478,961
 —
Farmland 171,667
 —
 —
 —
 171,667
 —
Land 30,717
 —
 —
 —
 30,717
 —
Consumer loans            
Consumer loans 40,548
 —
 —
 —
 40,548
 —
Totals $8,755,786
 $1,725
 $3,212
 $6,293
 $8,767,016
 $8,105
   
 Days Past Due  
  Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Total Gross Loans
December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands)
Investor loans secured by real estate          
CRE non-owner-occupied $2,067,874
 $1,179
 $—
 $1,088
 $2,070,141
Multifamily 1,575,726
 —
 —
 —
 1,575,726
Construction and land 438,786
 —
 —
 —
 438,786
SBA secured by real estate (1)
 68,041
 —
 —
 390
 68,431
Total investor loans secured by real estate 4,150,427
 1,179
 —
 1,478
 4,153,084
Business loans secured by real estate (2)
          
CRE owner-occupied 1,846,223
 331
 —
 —
 1,846,554
Franchise real estate secured 353,240
 —
 —
 —
 353,240
SBA secured by real estate (3)
 86,946
 —
 589
 846
 88,381
Total business loans secured by real estate 2,286,409
 331
 589
 846
 2,288,175
Commercial loans (4)
          
Commercial and industrial 1,389,026
 422
 826
 2,996
 1,393,270
Franchise non-real estate secured 555,215
 —
 9,142
 —
 564,357
SBA not secured by real estate 16,141
 167
 —
 1,118
 17,426
Total commercial loans 1,960,382
 589
 9,968
 4,114
 1,975,053
Retail loans          
Single family residential (5)
 255,024
 —
 —
 —
 255,024
Consumer loans 50,967
 5
 2
 1
 50,975
Total retail loans 305,991
 5
 2
 1
 305,999
Totals loans $8,703,209
 $2,104
 $10,559
 $6,439
 $8,722,311

(1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property.
(2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property.
(4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds.


   
 Days Past Due  
  
  Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Total Gross Loans Non-accruing
December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands)
Business loans  
  
  
  
  
  
Commercial and industrial $1,361,979
 $309
 $1,204
 $931
 $1,364,423
 $931
Franchise 759,546
 5,680
 —
 190
 765,416
 190
Commercial owner occupied 1,677,967
 343
 —
 812
 1,679,122
 599
SBA 190,732
 524
 —
 2,626
 193,882
 2,739
Agribusiness 138,519
 —
 —
 —
 138,519
 —
Real estate loans  
  
  
  
  
  
Commercial non-owner occupied 2,003,174
 —
 —
 —
 2,003,174
 —
Multi-family 1,535,275
 14
 —
 —
 1,535,289
 —
One-to-four family 356,219
 30
 9
 6
 356,264
 398
Construction 523,643
 —
 —
 —
 523,643
 —
Farmland 150,502
 —
 —
 —
 150,502
 —
Land 46,628
 —
 —
 —
 46,628
 —
Consumer loans            
Consumer loans 89,249
 146
 29
 —
 89,424
 —
Totals $8,833,433
 $7,046
 $1,242
 $4,565
 $8,846,286
 $4,857
Individually Evaluated Loans

Beginning on January 1, 2020, the Company evaluates loans collectively for purposes of determining the ACL in accordance with ASC 326. Collective evaluation is based on aggregating loans deemed to possess similar risk characteristics. In certain instances the Company may identify loans that it believes no longer possess risk characteristics similar to other loans in the portfolio. These loans are typically identified from a substandard or worse internal risk grade, since the specific attributes and risks associated with such loans tend to become unique as the credit deteriorates. Such loans are typically nonperforming, modified through a TDR and/or are deemed collateral dependent, where the ultimate repayment of the loan is expected to come from the operation of or eventual sale of the collateral. Loans that are deemed by management to no longer possess risk characteristics similar to other loans in the portfolio are evaluated individually for purposes of determining an appropriate lifetime ACL. The Company uses a discounted cash flow approach, using the loan’s effective interest rate, for determining the ACL on individually evaluated loans, unless the loan is deemed collateral dependent, which requires evaluation based on the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, less estimated costs to sell. The Company may increase or decrease the ACL for collateral dependent individually evaluated loans based on changes in the estimated fair value of the collateral. Changes in the ACL for all other individually evaluated loans is based substantially on the Company’s evaluation of cash flows expected to be received from such loans.

As of March 31, 2020, $22.3 million of loans were individually evaluated, and the ACL attributable to such loans was $1.9 million. At March 31, 2020, $16.3 million of individually evaluated loans were evaluated using a discounted cash flow approach and $6.0 million of individually evaluated loans were evaluated based on the underlying value of the collateral.


The Company had individually evaluated loans on nonaccrual status of $20.6 million at March 31, 2020.

Impaired Loans

ThePrior to the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020, the Company considers a loan to beclassified loans as impaired when, based on current information and events, it iswas probable that the Company willwould be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement or it iswas determined that the likelihood of the Company receiving all scheduled payments, including interest, when due iswas remote. TheCredit losses on impaired loans were determined separately based on the guidance in ASC 310. Beginning January 1, 2020, the Company hasaccounts for credit losses on all loans in accordance with ASC 326, which eliminates the concept of an impaired loan within the context of determining credit losses, and requires all loans to be evaluated for credit losses collectively. Loans are only evaluated individually when they are deemed to no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whoselonger possess similar risk characteristics with other loans have been impaired.within the portfolio.
 
ThePrior to the adoption of ASC 326, the Company reviewsreviewed loans for impairment when the loan iswas classified as Substandardsubstandard or worse, delinquent 90 days, determined by management to be collateral dependent, or when the borrower files bankruptcy or is granted a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”).loan modification in a TDR. Measurement of impairment iswas based on the loan’s expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, measured by reference to an observable market value, if one exists,existed, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan iswas deemed collateral dependent. Loans are generally charged-off at the time the loan is classified as a loss. Valuation allowances arewere determined on a loan-by-loan basis or by aggregating loans with similar risk characteristics. Charge-offs were recorded when amounts were no longer deemed collectable.


The following tables provide a summary of the Company’s investment in impaired loans as of the period indicated:

  Impaired Loans
  Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment With Specific Allowance Without Specific Allowance Specific Allowance for Impaired Loans
  (dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2019          
Business loans          
Commercial and industrial $3,099
 $2,950
 $—
 $2,950
 $—
Franchise 697
 16
 —
 16
 —
Commercial owner occupied 1,427
 1,406
 —
 1,406
 —
SBA 3,320
 2,586
 —
 2,586
 —
Agribusiness 6,903
 6,903
 —
 6,903
 —
Real estate loans          
Commercial non-owner occupied 1,351
 777
 —
 777
 —
One-to-four family 413
 371
 —
 371
 —
Totals $17,210
 $15,009
 $—
 $15,009
 $—
  Impaired Loans
  Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment With Specific Allowance Without Specific Allowance Specific Allowance for Impaired Loans
  (Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2019  
  
  
  
  
Investor loans secured by real estate          
CRE non-owner-occupied $1,184
 $1,088
 $—
 $1,088
 $—
Multifamily —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Construction and land —
 —
 —
 —
 —
SBA secured by real estate (1)
 772
 390
 —
 390
 —
Business loans secured by real estate (2)
          
CRE owner-occupied —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Franchise real estate secured —
 —
 —
 —
 —
SBA secured by real estate (3)
 1,743
 1,517
 —
 1,517
 —
Commercial loans (4)
          
Commercial and industrial 7,755
 7,529
 —
 7,529
 —
Franchise non-real estate secured 10,835
 10,834
 —
 10,834
 —
SBA non-real estate secured 1,555
 1,118
 —
 1,118
 —
Retail loans          
Single family residential (5)
 412
 366
 —
 366
 —
Consumer loans —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Totals $24,256
 $22,842
 $—
 $22,842
 $—
  

(1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property.
(2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property.
(4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds.


  Impaired Loans
  Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment With Specific Allowance Without Specific Allowance Specific Allowance for Impaired Loans
  (dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2018  
  
  
  
  
Business loans  
  
  
  
  
Commercial and industrial $1,071
 $1,023
 $550
 $473
 $118
Franchise 190
 189
 —
 189
 —
Commercial owner occupied 628
 599
 —
 599
 —
SBA 7,598
 2,739
 488
 2,251
 466
Agribusiness 7,500
 7,500
 —
 7,500
 —
Real estate loans  
  
  
  
  
One-to-four family 453
 408
 —
 408
 —
Totals $17,440
 $12,458
 $1,038
 $11,420
 $584


The following table presents information on impaired loans and leases, disaggregated by class,loan segment, for the periods indicated:

  Impaired Loans
  Three Months Ended
  September 30, 2019 June 30, 2019 September 30, 2018
  Average Recorded Investment 
Interest Income Recognized (1)
 Average Recorded Investment 
Interest Income Recognized (1)
 Average Recorded Investment 
Interest Income Recognized (1)
  (dollars in thousands)
Business loans            
Commercial and industrial $3,078
 $—
 $2,614
 $—
 $1,030
 $—
Franchise 679
 —
 4,047
 —
 209
 —
Commercial owner occupied 845
 —
 564
 —
 —
 —
SBA 2,488
 —
 3,139
 —
 1,914
 —
Agribusiness 7,092
 104
 7,489
 109
 —
 —
Real estate loans            
Commercial non-owner occupied 421
 —
 162
 —
 1,290
 —
Multi-family —
 —
 —
 —
 589
 —
One-to-four family 373
 —
 383
 —
 1,406
 —
Land 320
 —
 160
 —
 5
 —
Consumer loans            
Consumer loans —
 $—
 17
 —
 13
 —
Totals $15,296
 $104
 $18,575
 $109
 $6,456
 $—
             
(1) Interest income recognized represents interest on accruing loans.
  Impaired Loans
  Three Months Ended
  December 31, 2019 March 31, 2019
  Average Recorded Investment 
Interest Income Recognized (6)
 Average Recorded Investment 
Interest Income Recognized (6)
  (Dollars in thousands)
Investor loans secured by real estate        
CRE non-owner-occupied $1,061
 $—
 $—
 $—
Multifamily —
 —
 —
 —
Construction and land —
 —
 —
 —
SBA secured by real estate (1)
 422
 —
 1,889
 —
Business loans secured by real estate (2)
        
CRE owner-occupied 749
 —
 576
 —
Franchise real estate secured —
 —
 3,787
 —
SBA secured by real estate (3)
 1,409
 16
 280
 —
Commercial loans (4)
        
Commercial and industrial 11,227
 82
 9,503
 89
Franchise non-real estate secured 3,615
 151
 189
 —
SBA non-real estate secured 1,247
 —
 1,110
 —
Retail loans        
Single family residential (5)
 367
 —
 395
 —
Consumer loans —
 —
 57
 —
Totals $20,097
 $249
 $17,786
 $89

(1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property.

(2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property.
         
  Impaired Loans
  Nine Months Ended
  September 30,
  2019 2018
  Average Recorded Investment 
Interest Income Recognized (1)
 Average Recorded Investment 
Interest Income Recognized (1)
  (dollars in thousands)
Business loans:        
Commercial and industrial $2,565
 $—
 $1,161
 $—
Franchise 2,901
 —
 93
 —
Commercial owner occupied 662
 —
 1,931
 —
SBA 2,969
 —
 1,505
 —
Agribusiness 7,360
 303
 —
 —
Real estate loans:        
Commercial non-owner occupied 194
 —
 573
 —
Multi-family —
 —
 666
 —
One-to-four family 383
 —
 1,258
 —
Land 160
 —
 6
 —
Consumer loans:        
Consumer loans 25
 —
 41
 —
Totals $17,219
 $303
 $7,234
 $—
         
(1) Interest income recognized represents interest on accruing loans.
(4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.

(5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds.
(6) Interest income recognized represents interest on accruing loans.
    
The following table provides additional detailCompany had impaired loans on nonaccrual status of $8.5 million at December 31, 2019. The Company had 0 loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing at December 31, 2019.


Troubled Debt Restructurings

We sometimes modify or restructure loans when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties by making a concession to the borrower in the form of changes in the amortization terms, reductions in the interest rates, the acceptance of interest only payments and, in limited cases, concessions to the outstanding loan balances. These loans are classified as TDR. TDRs are loans modified for the purpose of alleviating temporary impairments to the borrower’s financial condition or cash flows. A workout plan between us and the borrower is designed to provide a bridge for borrower cash flow shortfalls in the near term. A TDR loan may be returned to accrual status when the loan is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual restructured terms for a time frame of at least six months, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual restructured principal and interest in no longer in doubt. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the amortized cost of TDRs totaled $2.3 million and $3.0 million, respectively. TDRs consisted of 2 loans at March 31, 2020, the same loans reported as TDRs at December 31, 2019. Modifications consisted of terms being modified to extend the maturity date for 24 months or less. NaN of these TDRs became nonaccrual at March 31, 2020 but both loans were current and on accrual status as of December 31, 2019. The modification of these loans did not have an impact on their amortized cost.
Purchased Credit Deteriorated and Purchased Credit Impaired Loans
Prior to the adoption of ASC 326, the Company accounted for purchased credit impaired loans (“PCI loans”) and income recognition thereof in accordance with ASC Subtopic 310-30 Receivables-Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. PCI loans are loans that as of the date of their acquisition have experienced deterioration in credit quality between origination and acquisition and for which it was probable, at acquisition, that not all contractually required payments would be collected. Following the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020, the Company analyzes acquired loans for more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since their origination. Such loans are classified as purchased credit deteriorated loans. Please also see Note 3 - Significant Accounting Policies, of these financial statements for more information concerning the accounting for PCD loans. As of March 31, 2020 there were 0 PCD loans. As of December 31, 2019, there were $1.2 million of PCI loans, of which NaN were placed on nonaccrual status.

Prior to the adoption of ASC 326, the Company measured the amount by which the undiscounted expected cash future flows on PCI loans exceed the estimated fair value of the loan on the componentsdate of impairedacquisition as the “accretable yield,” representing the amount of estimated future interest income on the loan. The amount of accretable yield was re-measured at each financial reporting date, representing the difference between the remaining undiscounted expected cash flows and the current carrying value of the PCI loan. Following the adoption of ASC 326, the Company accounts for interest income on PCD loans atusing the period end indicated: interest method, whereby any purchase discounts are accreted into interest income as an adjustment of the loan’s yield. An accretable yield is not determined for PCD loans.

 September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
 (dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans$8,105
 $4,857
Accruing loans6,904
 7,601
Total impaired loans$15,009
 $12,458

Nonaccrual Loans

When loans are placed on nonaccrual status, previously accrued but unpaid interest is promptly reversed from earnings. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are generally applied as a reduction to the loan principal balance. If the likelihood of further loss is remote, the Company will recognize interest on a cash basis only. Loans may be returned to accruing status if the Company believes that all remaining principal and interest is fully collectible and there has been at least three months of sustained repayment performance since the loan was placed on nonaccrual.

The Company typically does not accrue interest on loans 90 days or more past due or when, in the opinion of management, there is reasonable doubt as to the timely collection of principal or interest. However, when such loans are well secured and in the process of collection, the Company may continue with the accrual of interest. The Company had impaired loans on nonaccrual status of $8.1 million at September 30, 2019 and $4.9 million at December 31, 2018. The Company had 0no loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing at September 30,March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Income recognitionNonaccrual loans totaled $20.6 million at March 31, 2020 and $8.5 million as of December 31, 2019.


The following tables provide a summary of nonaccrual loans as of the date indicated:
 
Nonaccrual Loans (1)
 Collateral Dependent Loans ACL Non-Collateral Dependent Loans ACL 
Total Nonaccrual Loans (2)
 Nonaccrual Loans With No ACL
March 31, 2020(Dollars in thousands)
Investor loans secured by real estate           
CRE non-owner-occupied$318
 $—
 $559
 $—
 $877
 $877
Multifamily—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Construction and land1,802
 —
 —
 —
 1,802
 1,802
SBA secured by real estate (3)
392
 —
 —
 —
 392
 392
Total investor loans secured by real estate2,512
 —
 559
 —
 3,071
 3,071
Business loans secured by real estate (4)
           
CRE owner-occupied—
 —
 322
 27
 322
 —
Franchise real estate secured—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
SBA secured by real estate (5)
1,033
 —
 79
 13
 1,112
 1,033
Total business loans secured by real estate1,033
 —
 401
 40
 1,434
 1,033
Commercial loans (6)
           
Commercial and industrial1,063
 —
 4,613
 215
 5,676
 1,063
Franchise non-real estate secured—
 —
 9,142
 1,475
 9,142
 —
SBA non-real estate secured878
 —
 51
 6
 929
 877
Total commercial loans1,941
 —
 13,806
 1,696
 15,747
 1,940
Retail loans           
Single family residential (7)
—
 —
 358
 3
 358
 —
Consumer loans—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Total retail loans—
 —
 358
 3
 358
 —
Totals nonaccrual loans$5,486
 $—
 $15,124
 $1,739
 $20,610
 $6,044

(1) The ACL for purchased credit impaired (“PCI”)nonaccrual loans is accounteddetermined based on a discounted cash flow methodology unless the loan is considered collateral dependent. The ACL for in accordance with ASC Subtopic 310-30 Receivables-Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. The Company had $213,000 incollateral dependent loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing at Decemberis determined based on the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral.
(2) NaN interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans during the quarter ended March 31, 2018, all2020.
(3) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property.
(4) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of which were PCI loans.the business is the primary source of repayment.
(5) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property.
(6) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(7) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds.

There were 0 TDRs at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Residential Real Estate Loans In Process of Foreclosure

The Company had 0 consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process as of September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2018.2019.
 
Purchased Credit Impaired
Collateral Dependent Loans
The Company has purchased loans that have experienced deterioration of credit quality between origination and acquisition and for which it was probable, at acquisition, that not all contractually required payments would be collected. The carrying amount of those loans is as follows:
 September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
 (dollars in thousands)
Business loans   
Commercial and industrial$—
 $10
Commercial owner occupied577
 632
SBA1,154
 1,265
Real estate loans 
  
Commercial non-owner occupied—
 275
Total purchased credit impaired$1,731
 $2,182


On each acquisition date,Loans that have been classified as collateral dependent are loans where the amount by which the undiscounted expected cash flowsultimate repayment of the PCIloan is expected to come from the operation of or eventual liquidation of the collateral. Collateral dependent loans exceedare evaluated individually for purposes of determining the ACL for each loan. The ACL is determined based on the estimated fair value of the collateral, less estimated costs to sell. In cases where the loan is the “accretable yield.” The accretable yield is measured at each financial reporting date and represents the difference between the remaining undiscounted expected cash flowswell secured and the current carryingestimated value of the PCI loan. At September 30, 2019,collateral exceeds the Company had $1.7 millionamortized cost of PCI loans, of which NaN were placed on nonaccrual status.the loan, no ACL is recorded.

The following table summarizes the accretable yield on the PCIcollateral dependent loans for the periods indicated.by collateral type as of March 31, 2020:
  Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
  September 30, June 30, September 30, September 30,
  2019 2019 2018 2019 2018
  (dollars in thousands)
Balance at the beginning of period $296
 $332
 $1,473
 $411
 $3,019
Additions —
 —
 483
 —
 483
Accretion (46) (45) (162) (170) (668)
Payoffs —
 (9) (1) (9) (1,819)
Sales —
 —
 —
 $—
 $—
Reclassification from nonaccretable difference (18) 18
 195
 —
 973
Balance at the end of period $232
 $296
 $1,988
 $232
 $1,988
 March 31, 2020
 Office Properties Industrial Properties Retail Properties Hotel Properties Multifamily Properties Various Business Assets Total
 (Dollars in thousands)
Investor loan secured by real estate             
CRE non-owner-occupied$—
 $—
 $—
 $318
 $—
 $—
 $318
Multifamily—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Construction and land—
 —
 —
 —
 1,802
 —
 1,802
SBA secured by real estate (1)
—
 —
 —
 392
 —
 —
 392
Total investor loans secured by real estate—
 —
 —
 710
 1,802
 —
 2,512
Business loans secured by real estate (2)
             
CRE owner-occupied—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Franchise real estate secured—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
SBA secured by real estate (3)
277
 756
 —
 —
 —
 —
 1,033
Total business loans secured by real estate277
 756
 —
 —
 —
 —
 1,033
Commercial loans (4)
             
Commercial and industrial313
 —
 —
 —
 —
 1,295
 1,608
Franchise non-real estate secured—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
SBA non-real estate secured—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 877
 877
Total commercial loans313
 —
 —
 —
 —
 2,172
 2,485
Retail loans             
Single family residential (5)
—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Consumer loans—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Total retail loans—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Totals collateral dependent loans$590
 $756
 $—
 $710
 $1,802
 $2,172
 $6,030


(1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property.
(2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property.
(4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds.


Note 7 – Allowance for LoanCredit Losses
 
The Company’s ALLL covers estimatedCompany accounts for credit losses on individually evaluated loans thatin accordance with ASC 326 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, to determine the ACL. ASC 326 requires the Company to recognize estimates for lifetime losses on loans and unfunded loan commitments at the time of origination or acquisition. The recognition of losses at origination or acquisition represents the Company’s best estimate of the lifetime expected credit loss associated with a loan given the facts and circumstances associated with the particular loan, and involves the use of significant management judgement and estimates. The Company uses a discounted cash flow model when determining estimates for the ACL for commercial real estate loans and commercial loans, which are determined to be impaired as well as estimated probable incurred losses inherent in the remaindermajority of the loan portfolio.portfolio, and uses a historical loss rate model for retail loans. The ALLL is prepared using the information provided byCompany also utilizes proxy loan data in its ACL model where the Company’s credit review process together withown historical data from peer institutions and economic information gathered from published sources.is not available.

The loan portfoliodiscounted cash flow model is segmented into groups ofapplied on an instrument-by-instrument basis, and for loans with similar risk characteristics. Each segment possesses varying degreescharacteristics, to derive estimates for the lifetime ACL for each loan. The discounted cash flow methodology relies on several significant components essential to the development of riskestimates for future cash flows on loans and unfunded commitments. These components consist of: (i) the estimated probability of default, (ii) the estimated loss given default, which represents the estimated severity of the loss when a loan is in default, (iii) estimates for prepayment activity on loans and (iv) the estimated exposure to the Company at default (“EAD”). These components are also heavily influenced by changes economic forecasts employed in the model over a reasonable and supportable period. The Company’s ACL methodology for unfunded loan commitments also includes assumptions concerning the probability the unfunded commitment will be drawn upon by the borrower. These assumptions are based on among other things,the Company’s historical experience.

The Company’s discounted cash flow ACL model for commercial real estate and commercial loans uses internally derived estimates for prepayments in determining the amount and timing of future contractual cash flows to be collected. The estimate of future cash flows also incorporates estimates for contractual amounts the Company believes may not be collected, which are based on assumptions for PD, LGD and EAD. EAD is the estimated outstanding balance of the loan at the time of default. It is determined by the contractual payment schedule and expected payment profile of the loan, incorporating estimates for expected prepayments and future draws on revolving credit facilities. The Company discounts cash flows using the effective interest rate on the loan. The effective interest rate represents the contractual rate on the loan; adjusted for any purchase premiums, purchase discounts, and deferred fees and costs associated with the origination of the loan. The Company has made an accounting policy election to adjust the effective interest rate to take into consideration the effects of estimated prepayments. The ACL for loans is determined by measuring the amount by which a loan’s amortized cost exceeds its discounted cash flows.

Probability of Default

The PD for commercial real estate loans is based largely on a model provided by a third party, using proxy loan information. The PDs generated by this model are reflective of current and expected changes in economic conditions and conditions in the commercial real estate market, and how they are expected to impact loan level and property level attributes, and ultimately the likelihood of a default event occurring. Significant loan and property level attributes include: loan to value ratios, debt service coverage, loan size, loan vintage and property types.

The PD for commercial loans is based on an internally developed PD rating scale that assigns PDs based on the Company’s internal risk grades for loans. This internally developed PD rating scale is based on a combination of the Company’s own historical data and observed historical data from the Company’s peers, which consist of banks that management believes align with our business profile. As credit risk grades change for loans in the commercial segment, the PD assigned to them also changes. As with commercial real estate loans, the PD for commercial loans is also impacted by current and expected economic conditions.

The Company considers loans to be in default when they are 90 days or more past due and still accruing or placed on nonaccrual status.

Loss Given Default

LGDs for commercial real estate loans are derived from a third party, using proxy loan information, and are based on loan and property level characteristics in the Company’s loan portfolio, such as: loan to values, estimated time to resolution, property size and current and estimated future market price changes for underlying collateral. The LGD is highly dependent upon loan to value ratios, and incorporates estimates for the expense associated with managing the loan through to resolution. LGDs also incorporate an estimate for the loss severity associated with loans where the borrower fails to meet their debt obligation at maturity, such as through a balloon payment or the refinancing of the loan through another lender. External factors that have an impact on LGDs include: changes in the CRE Price Index, GDP growth rate, unemployment rates and the Moody’s Baa rating corporate debt interest rate spread. LGDs are applied to each loan in the commercial real estate portfolio, and in conjunction with the PD, produce estimates for net cash flows not expected to be collected over the estimated term of the loan.

LGDs for commercial loans are also derived from a third party that has a considerable database of credit related information specific to the financial services industry and the type of loans within this segment, and is used to generate annual default information for commercial loans. These proxy LGDs are dependent upon data inputs such as: credit quality, borrower industry, region, borrower size and debt seniority. LGDs are then applied to each loan in the commercial portfolio, and in conjunction with the PD, produce estimates for net cash flows not expected to be collected over the estimated term of the loan.

Historical Loss Rates for Retail Loans
The historical loss rate model for retail loans are derived from a third party that has a considerable database of credit related information for retail loans. Key loan level attributes and economic drivers in determining the loss rate for retail loans include FICO scores, vintage, as well as geography, unemployment rates and changes in consumer real estate prices.

Forecasts

U.S. GAAP requires the Company to develop reasonable and supportable forecasts of future conditions, and estimate how those forecasts are expected to impact a borrower’s ability to satisfy their obligation to the Bank and the ultimate collectability of future cash flows over the life of the loan. The Company uses economic scenarios from Moody’s Analytics in its estimation of a borrower’s ability to repay a loan in future periods. These scenarios are based on past events, current conditions and the likelihood of future events occurring. These scenarios typically are comprised of: (1) a base-case scenario, (2) an upside scenario, representing slightly better economic conditions than currently experienced and (3) a downside scenario, representing recessionary conditions. Management periodically evaluates economic scenarios and may decide that a particular economic scenario or a combination of probability-weighted economic scenarios should be used in the Company’s ACL model. The economic scenario or scenarios chosen for the model and, to the extent more than one scenario is used, the weights that are assigned to them, are based on the Company’s estimate of the probability of each scenario occurring, which is based in part on analysis performed by an independent third-party. Economic scenarios, as well as assumptions within those scenarios, whether to use more than one scenario and the relative weighting or multiple scenarios, if used, can vary based on changes in current and expected economic conditions and due to the occurrence of specific events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company recognizes the non-linearity of credit losses relative to economic performance and thus the Company believes the consideration and, if appropriate under the circumstances, use of multiple probability-weighted economic scenarios is appropriate in estimating credit losses over the forecast period. The approach of considering and, if appropriate, using multiple probability-weighted scenarios is based on certain assumptions. The first assumption is that no single forecast of the economy, however detailed or complex, is completely accurate over a reasonable forecast time-frame, and is subject to revisions over time. By considering multiple scenario outcomes and, when utilizing multiple scenario outcomes is appropriate under the circumstances, assigning reasonable probability weightings to them, some of the uncertainty associated with a single scenario approach, the Company believes, is mitigated.


As of January 1, 2020, upon the adoption of ASC 326, the Company’s ACL model used three probability-weighted scenarios representing a base-case scenario, an upside scenario and a downside scenario. The weightings assigned to each scenario were as follows: the base-case scenario, or most likely scenario, was assigned a weighting of 40%, while the upside and downside scenarios were each assigned weightings of 30%. As of March 31, 2020, and in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, economic forecasts used in the Company’s ACL model incorporate assumptions associated with the estimated economic effects of the pandemic. The Company, with the assistance of an independent third party, determined it appropriate to include an economic scenario that is reflective of the estimated economic effects of the pandemic, including the responses to contain the pandemic. This scenario is referred to as the critical pandemic scenario. Additionally, the Company evaluated the weightings of each economic scenario in the current period with the assistance of an independent third party, and revised those weightings to levels it believes appropriately reflect the likelihood of outcomes for each scenario given the change in the current economic environment. As such, for the three months ended March 31, 2020, The Company’s ACL model incorporated three economic scenarios comprised of: the critical pandemic scenario weighted 30%, the more severe (as compared to the critical pandemic scenario) downside scenario weighted 32.5% and the base-case scenario weighted 37.5%. The weightings of economic scenarios in the current period are reflective of rapidly changing economic conditions, economic uncertainty and volatility in financial markets brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the estimated likelihood that each scenario may occur as of March 31, 2020.

The Company currently forecasts economic conditions over a two-year period, which we believe is a reasonable and supportable period. Beyond the point which the Company can provide for a reasonable and supportable forecast, economic variables revert to their long-term averages. The Company has reflected this reversion over a period of three years in each of its economic scenarios used to generate the overall probability-weighted forecast. Changes in economic forecasts impact the PD, LGD and EAD for each loan, and therefore influence the amount of future cash flows for each loan the typeCompany does not expect to collect.

The Company derives the economic forecasts it uses in its ACL model from an independent third party that has a large team of collateral,economists, data-base managers and operational engineers with a history of producing monthly economic forecasts for over 25 years. The forecasts produced by this third party have been widely used by banks, credit unions, government agencies and real estate developers. These economic forecasts cover all states and metropolitan areas in the Unites States, and reflect changes in economic variables such as: GDP growth, interest rates, employment rates, changes in wages, retail sales, industrial production, metrics associated with the single-family and multifamily housing markets, vacancy rates, changes in equity market prices and energy markets.

It is important to note that the Company’s ACL model relies on multiple economic variables, which are used under several economic scenarios. Although no one economic variable can fully demonstrate the sensitivity of the borrower or industryACL calculation to changes in the economic variables used in the model, the Company has identified certain economic variables that have significant influence in the Company’s model for determining the ACL. As of March 31, 2020, the Company’s ACL model incorporated the following assumptions for key economic variables in the base-case and downside scenarios:

Base-case Scenario:

CRE Price Index decreases by approximately 3% in the intermediate term, with a return to growth in the second half of 2020.
A moderate decrease in real GDP of less than 1% in the intermediate term, with a return to modest growth in the second half of 2020.
Moderate quarterly increases in the U.S. unemployment rate to over 4% over the next two years.


Critical Pandemic Scenario:

CRE Price Index decreases by approximately 20% in the intermediate term, with continued gradual declines over a period approximately 12 months.
A decrease in real GDP of approximately 5% in the intermediate term, and negative for most of 2020, before returning to a slight level of growth beginning in the fourth quarter of 2020.
Increases in the U.S. unemployment rate to a peak of over 6% within the next 5 quarters.
Downside Scenario:

CRE Price Index decreases by approximately 14% in the intermediate term, with continued quarterly declines of approximately 7% to 15% over the next 5 quarters.
A decrease in real GDP of approximately 4% in the intermediate term, and negative through the beginning of 2021.
Increases in the U.S. unemployment rate to a peak of 7.4% within the next 6 quarters, and remaining elevated to slightly decreasing in the remaining quarters within the forecast period.

Qualitative Adjustments

The Company recognizes that historical information used as the basis for determining future expected credit losses may not always, by themselves, provide a sufficient basis for determining future expected credit losses. The Company, therefore, periodically considers the need for qualitative adjustments to the ACL. Qualitative adjustments may be related to and include, but not be limited to, factors such as: (i) management’s assessment of economic forecasts used in the model and how those forecasts align with management’s overall evaluation of current and expected economic conditions, (ii) organization specific risks such as credit concentrations, collateral specific risks, regulatory risks and external factors that may ultimately impact credit quality, (iii) potential model limitations such as limitations identified through back-testing, and other limitations associated with factors such as economic conditions. An estimated loss rate calculated using the Company’s actual historical loss rates adjusted for current portfolio trends, economic conditions and other relevant internal and external factors, is applied to each group’s aggregate loan balances.

The Company’s base ALLL factors are determined by management using the Bank’s annualized actual trailing charge-off data over a full credit cycle with the loss emergence period extending from 1 year to 1.6 years. Adjustments to those base factors are made for relevant internal and external factors. Those factors may include:
Changes in national, regional and local economic conditions, including trends in real estate values and the interest rate environment,
Changes in the nature and volumeunderwriting changes, acquisition of the loan portfolio, including new types of lending,
Changes in volume and severity of past due loans, the volume of nonaccrual loans and the volume and severity of adversely classified or graded loans and
The existence and effect of concentrations of credit,portfolios and changes in portfolio segmentation and (iv) management’s overall assessment of the adequacy of the ACL, including an assessment of model data inputs used to determine the ACL. As of March 31, 2020, qualitative adjustments included in the ACL totaled $6.0 million. These adjustments relate to management’s assessment of the economic forecasts used in the model. Management determined through additional review of economic indicators and forecasts of economic conditions that there is potential for economic conditions under the base-case scenario to worsen. Management observed through this additional review that certain key economic indicators may experience additional declines over the intermediate term. Real GDP may experience a decrease of approximately 18%, the U.S. unemployment rate may reach 9%, and the CRE price index may also experience further weakness. Management concluded the potential for additional weakness in these economic indicators under a base-case scenario may contribute to higher lifetime losses in CRE non-owner-occupied, construction and land and franchise loans as of March 31, 2020. Management reviews the need for and appropriate level of qualitative adjustments on a quarterly basis, and as such, concentrations.the amount and allocation of qualitative adjustments may change in future periods.

For loans risk graded as watch or worse, progressively higher potential loss factors are applied based on a migration analysis of risk grading and net charge-offs.



The following tables summarizetable provides the allocation of the ALLLACL for loans held for investment as well as the activity in the ALLLACL attributed to various segments in the loan portfolio as of and for the periodsperiod indicated:

 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
 
Beginning ACL Balance (6)
 Adoption of ASC 326 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision for Loan Losses Ending ACL Balance
 (Dollars in thousands)
Investor loans secured by real estate           
CRE non-owner-occupied$1,899
 $8,423
 $(387) $—
 $5,961
 $15,896
Multifamily729
 9,174
 —
 —
 4,819
 14,722
Construction and land4,484
 (124) —
 —
 4,862
 9,222
SBA secured by real estate (1)
1,915
 (1,401) —
 —
 421
 935
Business loans secured by real estate (2)
           
CRE owner-occupied2,781
 20,166
 —
 12
 3,834
 26,793
Franchise real estate secured592
 5,199
 —
 —
 1,712
 7,503
SBA secured by real estate (3)
2,119
 2,207
 (315) 71
 (38) 4,044
Commercial loans (4)
           
Commercial and industrial13,857
 87
 (490) 5
 2,283
 15,742
Franchise non-real estate secured5,816
 9,214
 —
 —
 1,586
 16,616
SBA non-real estate secured445
 218
 (236) 4
 85
 516
Retail loans           
Single family residential (5)
655
 541
 —
 —
 (59) 1,137
Consumer loans406
 1,982
 (8) —
 (84) 2,296
Totals$35,698
 $55,686
 $(1,436) $92
 $25,382
 $115,422

(1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property.
(2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property.
(4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds
(6)Beginning ACL balance represents the ALLL accounted for under ASC 450 and ASC 310, which is reflective of probable incurred losses as of the balance sheet date.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the ALLL as well as the related activity attributed to various segments in the loan portfolio as of and for the period indicated, as determined in accordance with ASC 450 and ASC 310, prior to the adoption of ASC 326:

 Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
 Commercial and industrial Franchise Commercial owner occupied SBA Agribusiness Commercial non-owner occupied Multi-family One-to-four family Construction Farmland Land Consumer loans Total
 (dollars in thousands)
Balance, March 31, 2019$11,031
 $6,765
 $1,490
 $3,363
 $2,765
 $1,765
 $705
 $704
 $4,750
 $809
 $658
 $221
 $35,026
Charge-offs(290) (995) —
 (143) —
 (86) —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (11) (1,525)
Recoveries54
 —
 8
 62
 —
 —
 —
 1
 —
 —
 —
 9
 134
Provisions for (reduction in) loan losses(265) 963
 228
 1,099
 (399) 199
 10
 (14) (592) 29
 (25) 132
 1,365
Balance, June 30, 2019$10,530
 $6,733
 $1,726
 $4,381
 $2,366
 $1,878
 $715
 $691
 $4,158
 $838
 $633
 $351
 $35,000
                          
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
 Commercial and industrial Franchise Commercial owner occupied SBA Agribusiness Commercial non-owner occupied Multi-family One-to-four family Construction Farmland Land Consumer loans Total
 (dollars in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2018$10,821
 $6,500
 $1,386
 $4,288
 $3,283
 $1,604
 $725
 $805
 $5,166
 $503
 $772
 $219
 $36,072
Charge-offs(985) (2,531) —
 (1,362) —
 (574) —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (16) (5,468)
Recoveries168
 —
 31
 66
 —
 —
 —
 2
 —
 —
 —
 10
 277
Provisions for (reduction in) loan losses526
 2,764
 309
 1,389
 (917) 848
 (10) (116) (1,008) 335
 (139) 138
 4,119
Balance, September 30, 2019$10,530
 $6,733
 $1,726
 $4,381
 $2,366
 $1,878
 $715
 $691
 $4,158
 $838
 $633
 $351
 $35,000
                          
Amount of allowance attributed to: 
    
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
Specifically evaluated impaired loans$—
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $—
General portfolio allocation10,530
 6,733
 1,726
 4,381
 2,366
 1,878
 715
 691
 4,158
 838
 633
 351
 35,000
Loans individually evaluated for impairment2,950
 16
 1,406
 2,586
 6,903
 777
 —
 371
 —
 —
 —
 —
 15,009
Specific reserves to total loans individually evaluated for impairment—% —% —% —% —% —% —% —% —% —% —% —% —%
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment$1,230,988
 $894,007
 $1,677,482
 $177,379
 $112,730
 $2,052,813
 $1,611,904
 $272,811
 $478,961
 $171,667
 $30,717
 $40,548
 $8,752,007
General reserves to total loans collectively evaluated for impairment0.86% 0.75% 0.10% 2.47% 2.10% 0.09% 0.04% 0.25% 0.87% 0.49% 2.06% 0.87% 0.40%
Total gross loans held for investment$1,233,938
 $894,023
 $1,678,888
 $179,965
 $119,633
 $2,053,590
 $1,611,904
 $273,182
 $478,961
 $171,667
 $30,717
 $40,548
 $8,767,016
Total allowance to gross loans held for investment0.85% 0.75% 0.10% 2.43% 1.98% 0.09% 0.04% 0.25% 0.87% 0.49% 2.06% 0.87% 0.40%
 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
 Beginning ALLL Balance Charge-offs Recoveries Provision for Credit Losses Ending
ALLL Balance
 (Dollars in thousands)
Investor loans secured by real estate         
CRE non-owner-occupied$1,624
 $—
 $—
 $44
 $1,668
Multifamily740
 —
 —
 (71) 669
Construction and land5,964
 —
 —
 (4) 5,960
SBA secured by real estate (1)
1,827
 —
 —
 877
 2,704
Business loans secured by real estate (2)
         
CRE owner-occupied1,908
 —
 8
 53
 1,969
Franchise real estate secured743
 —
 —
 1,430
 2,173
SBA secured by real estate (3)
1,824
 —
 —
 142
 1,966
Commercial loans (4)
         
Commercial and industrial13,695
 (302) 67
 127
 13,587
Franchise non-real estate secured6,066
 —
 —
 (368) 5,698
SBA non-real estate secured654
 —
 3
 (154) 503
Retail loans         
Single family residential (5)
808
 —
 —
 (50) 758
Consumer loans219
 (5) 1
 (14) 201
Totals$36,072
 $(307) $79
 $2,012
 $37,856

(1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property.
(2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property.
(4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds

The change in the ACL during the three months ended March 31, 2020 of $79.7 million is reflective of a $55.7 million adjustment associated with the Company’s adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020, which was recorded through a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings, as well as $25.4 million in provisions for credit losses on loans, and net charge-offs of $1.3 million. The provision for loan losses during the three months ended March 31, 2020 is reflective of unfavorable changes in economic forecasts used in the Company’s ACL model related to the COVID-19 pandemic.


The following table presents loans individually and collectively evaluated for impairment and their respective ALLL allocation at December 31, 2019 as determined in accordance with ASC 450 and ASC 310, prior to the adoption of ASC 326:
 December 31, 2019
 Loans Evaluated Individually for Impairment ALLL Attributed to Individually Evaluated Loans Loans Evaluated Collectively for Impairment ALLL Attributed to Collectively Evaluated Loans
 (Dollars in thousands)
Investor loans secured by real estate       
CRE non-owner-occupied$1,088
 $—
 $2,069,053
 $1,899
Multifamily—
 —
 1,575,726
 729
Construction and land—
 —
 438,786
 4,484
SBA secured by real estate (1)
390
 —
 68,041
 1,915
Business loans secured by real estate (2)
       
CRE owner-occupied—
 —
 1,846,554
 2,781
Franchise real estate secured—
 —
 353,240
 592
SBA secured by real estate (3)
1,517
 —
 86,864
 2,119
Commercial loans (4)
       
Commercial and industrial7,529
 —
 1,385,741
 13,857
Franchise non-real estate secured10,834
 —
 553,523
 5,816
SBA non-real estate secured1,118
 —
 16,308
 445
Retail loans       
Single family residential (5)
366
 —
 254,658
 655
Consumer loans—
 —
 50,975
 406
Totals$22,842
 $—
 $8,699,469
 $35,698

(1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property.
(2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property.
(4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds.


The following table presents PD bands for commercial real estate and commercial loan segments of the loan portfolio as of the date indicated:

 Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 Commercial and industrial Franchise Commercial owner occupied SBA Agribusiness Commercial non-owner occupied Multi-family One-to-four family Construction Farmland Land Consumer loans Total
 (dollars in thousands)
Balance, March 31, 2018$10,164
 $6,181
 $1,137
 $2,575
 $2,694
 $1,450
 $563
 $698
 $4,809
 $405
 $972
 $99
 $31,747
Charge-offs(100) —
 —
 (44) —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (85) (229)
Recoveries120
 —
 8
 8
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 6
 142
Provisions for (reduction in) loan losses200
 151
 68
 288
 871
 33
 60
 21
 11
 (30) (104) 77
 1,646
Balance, June 30, 2018$10,384
 $6,332
 $1,213
 $2,827
 $3,565
 $1,483
 $623
 $719
 $4,820
 $375
 $868
 $97
 $33,306
                          
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 Commercial and industrial Franchise Commercial owner occupied SBA Agribusiness Commercial non-owner occupied Multi-family One-to-four family Construction Farmland Land Consumer loans Total
 (dollars in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2017$9,721
 $5,797
 $767
 $2,890
 $1,291
 $1,266
 $607
 $803
 $4,569
 $137
 $993
 $95
 $28,936
Charge-offs(1,011) —
 —
 (100) —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (137) (1,248)
Recoveries283
 —
 32
 43
 —
 —
 —
 1
 —
 —
 —
 7
 366
Provisions for (reduction in) loan losses1,391
 535
 414
 (6) 2,274
 217
 16
 (85) 251
 238
 (125) 132
 5,252
Balance, September 30, 2018$10,384
 $6,332
 $1,213
 $2,827
 $3,565
 $1,483
 $623
 $719
 $4,820
 $375
 $868
 $97
 $33,306
                          
Amount of allowance attributed to:                         
Specifically evaluated impaired loans$—
 $—
 $—
 $250
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $250
General portfolio allocation10,384
 6,332
 1,213
 2,577
 3,565
 1,483
 623
 719
 4,820
 375
 868
 97
 33,056
Loans individually evaluated for impairment1,027
 209
 —
 2,748
 —
 1,290
 589
 1,388
 —
 —
 4
 13
 7,268
Specific reserves to total loans individually evaluated for impairment—% —% —% 9.10% —% —% —% —% —% —% —% —% 3.44%
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment$1,358,814
 $735,157
 $1,675,528
 $190,739
 $133,241
 $1,929,875
 $1,554,103
 $375,229
 $504,708
 138,479
 $49,988
 $114,723
 $8,760,584
General reserves to total loans collectively evaluated for impairment0.76% 0.86% 0.07% 1.35% 2.68% 0.08% 0.04% 0.19% 0.96% 0.27% 1.74% 0.08% 0.38%
Total gross loans held for investment$1,359,841
 $735,366
 $1,675,528
 $193,487
 $133,241
 $1,931,165
 $1,554,692
 $376,617
 $504,708
 138,479
 $49,992
 $114,736
 $8,767,852
Total allowance to gross loans held for investment0.76% 0.86% 0.07% 1.46% 2.68% 0.08% 0.04% 0.19% 0.96% 0.27% 1.74% 0.08% 0.38%
 Commercial Real Estate Term Loans by Vintage      
 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Revolving Converted to Term During the Period Total
March 31, 2020(Dollars in thousands)
Investor loans secured by real estate                 
CRE non-owner-occupied                 
0% - 5.00%$104,083
 $373,078
 $365,350
 $282,641
 $200,867
 $629,141
 $11,644
 $—
 $1,966,804
>5.00% - 10.00%—
 8,928
 16,401
 19,982
 6,318
 5,364
 —
 —
 56,993
Greater than 10%—
 —
 318
 356
 —
 15,727
 —
 —
 16,401
Multifamily                 
0% - 5.00%99,379
 268,267
 308,116
 241,432
 291,126
 356,870
 987
 —
 1,566,177
>5.00% - 10.00%5,829
 40,102
 3,522
 506
 —
 4,263
 —
 —
 54,222
Greater than 10%—
 —
 3,824
 —
 —
 1,459
 —
 —
 5,283
Construction and Land                 
0% - 5.00%2,250
 62,553
 14,444
 12,823
 —
 7,408
 391
 —
 99,869
>5.00% - 10.00%—
 26,376
 21,927
 40,704
 —
 298
 —
 —
 89,305
Greater than 10%—
 29,621
 102,969
 54,505
 —
 1,256
 —
 —
 188,351
SBA secured by real estate (1)
                 
0% - 5.00%494
 10,726
 12,158
 16,888
 7,160
 11,664
 —
 —
 59,090
>5.00% - 10.00%—
 —
 1,660
 —
 —
 523
 —
 —
 2,183
Greater than 10%—
 —
 —
 —
 392
 —
 —
 —
 392
Total investor loans secured by real estate$212,035
 $819,651
 $850,689
 $669,837
 $505,863
 $1,033,973
 $13,022
 $—
 $4,105,070
Business loans secured by real estate (2)
                 
CRE owner-occupied                 
0% - 5.00%$114,657
 $296,223
 $274,727
 $303,164
 $244,460
 $515,875
 $5,573
 $—
 $1,754,679
>5.00% - 10.00%—
 18,905
 29,663
 16,248
 23,617
 31,941
 247
 —
 120,621
Greater than 10%—
 —
 3,635
 965
 2,180
 5,302
 250
 —
 12,332
Franchise real estate secured                 
0% - 5.00%19,326
 78,086
 74,790
 105,669
 30,643
 38,631
 —
 —
 347,145
>5.00% - 10.00%—
 1,575
 1,069
 3,534
 1,009
 7,553
 —
 —
 14,740
Greater than 10%—
 7,913
 728
 —
 —
 902
 —
 —
 9,543
SBA secured by real estate (3)
                 
0% - 5.00%2,109
 7,723
 13,559
 16,143
 8,948
 23,564
 364
 —
 72,410
>5.00% - 10.00%—
 —
 694
 2,260
 2,430
 2,780
 —
 —
 8,164
Greater than 10%—
 —
 —
 1,033
 413
 1,620
 —
 —
 3,066
Total business loans secured by real estate$136,092
 $410,425
 $398,865
 $449,016
 $313,700
 $628,168
 $6,434
 $—
 $2,342,700

 Commercial Real Estate Term Loans by Vintage      
 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Revolving Converted to Term During the Period Total
March 31, 2020(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial Loans (4)
                 
Commercial and industrial                 
0% - 5.00%$31,625
 $114,904
 $94,899
 $67,070
 $34,540
 $110,090
 $881,734
 $1,204
 $1,336,066
>5.00% - 10.00%—
 10,607
 7,471
 38,578
 2,603
 6,021
 27,259
 370
 92,909
Greater than 10%—
 524
 2,769
 869
 1,915
 3,027
 19,640
 1,250
 29,994
Franchise non-real estate secured                 
0% - 5.00%9,938
 210,415
 121,918
 77,413
 48,552
 44,294
 2,062
 —
 514,592
>5.00% - 10.00%323
 2,370
 4,036
 1,977
 4,174
 3,430
 —
 —
 16,310
Greater than 10%—
 —
 —
 13,056
 —
 3,835
 —
 —
 16,891
SBA not secured by real estate                 
0% - 5.00%265
 2,383
 1,326
 2,258
 601
 3,503
 1,572
 285
 12,193
>5.00% - 10.00%—
 —
 469
 —
 387
 230
 —
 —
 1,086
Greater than 10%—
 88
 141
 261
 —
 1,709
 787
 —
 2,986
Total commercial loans$42,151
 $341,291
 $233,029
 $201,482
 $92,772
 $176,139
 $933,054
 $3,109
 $2,023,027


(1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property.
(2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property.
(4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.


A significant driver in the ACL for loans in the investor real estate secured and business real estate secured segments is loan to value (“LTV”). The following table summarizes the amortized cost of loans in these segments by current estimated LTV and by year of origination as of the date indicated:
 Term Loans by Vintage      
 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Revolving Converted to Term During the Period Total
March 31, 2020(Dollars in thousands)
Investor loans secured by real estate                 
CRE non-owner-occupied                 
55% and below$56,085
 $174,693
 $137,386
 $179,286
 $144,084
 $515,589
 $11,085
 —
 $1,218,208
>55-65%27,173
 114,711
 104,810
 97,883
 52,649
 104,802
 559
 —
 502,587
>65-75%20,825
 92,602
 136,934
 23,455
 10,238
 29,568
 —
 —
 313,622
Greater than 75%—
 —
 2,939
 2,355
 214
 273
 —
 —
 5,781
Multifamily                 
55% and below26,605
 108,109
 133,038
 93,938
 72,385
 159,449
 511
 —
 594,035
>55-65%32,070
 140,824
 121,292
 83,532
 85,911
 160,662
 —
 —
 624,291
>65-75%46,533
 49,354
 40,497
 62,560
 132,830
 37,319
 476
 —
 369,569
Greater than 75%���
 10,082
 20,635
 1,908
 —
 5,162
 —
 —
 37,787
Construction and land                 
55% and below2,250
 114,230
 116,970
 32,535
 —
 7,581
 391
 —
 273,957
>55-65%—
 4,320
 19,439
 57,988
 —
 —
 —
 —
 81,747
>65-75%—
 —
 1,887
 17,509
 —
 —
 —
 —
 19,396
Greater than 75%—
 —
 1,044
 —
 —
 1,381
 —
 —
 2,425
SBA secured by real estate (1)
                 
55% and below—
 1,150
 658
 844
 725
 439
 —
 —
 3,816
>55-65%—
 3,194
 710
 3,869
 980
 4,079
 —
 —
 12,832
>65-75%494
 3,730
 8,821
 6,523
 4,371
 3,601
 —
 —
 27,540
Greater than 75%—
 2,652
 3,629
 5,652
 1,476
 4,068
 —
 —
 17,477
Total investor loans secured by real estate$212,035
 $819,651
 $850,689
 $669,837
 $505,863
 $1,033,973
 $13,022
 $—
 $4,105,070
Business loan secured by real estate (2)
                 
CRE owner-occupied                 
55% and below$44,737
 $113,567
 $154,056
 $194,126
 $143,274
 $361,762
 $4,951
 —
 $1,016,473
>55-65%14,963
 91,000
 85,230
 61,426
 75,933
 87,639
 —
 —
 416,191
>65-75%15,560
 89,702
 44,579
 59,813
 47,717
 60,839
 1,119
 —
 319,329
Greater than 75%39,397
 20,859
 24,160
 5,012
 3,333
 42,878
 —
 —
 135,639
Franchise real estate secured                 
55% and below9,342
 18,866
 14,141
 16,765
 11,413
 21,859
 —
 —
 92,386
>55-65%—
 11,447
 11,696
 24,812
 7,010
 6,891
 —
 —
 61,856
>65-75%—
 44,892
 27,393
 10,261
 12,102
 17,098
 —
 —
 111,746
Greater than 75%9,984
 12,369
 23,357
 57,365
 1,127
 1,238
 —
 —
 105,440
SBA secured by real estate (3)
                 
55% and below2,109
 7,723
 14,253
 19,436
 11,791
 27,964
 364
 —
 83,640
>55-65%—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
>65-75%—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Greater than 75%—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Total business loans secured by real estate$136,092
 $410,425
 $398,865
 $449,016
 $313,700
 $628,168
 $6,434
 $—
 $2,342,700

(1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property.
(2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property.

The following table presents FICO bands for the retail segment of the loan portfolio as of the date indicated:
 Term Loans by Vintage      
 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Revolving Converted to Term During the Period Total
March 31, 2020(Dollars in thousands)
Retail Loans                 
Single family residential (1)
                 
Greater than 740$3,466
 $9,868
 $13,973
 $11,586
 $32,709
 $90,860
 $29,710
 —
 $192,172
>680 - 740—
 1,196
 3,786
 4,824
 2,678
 10,893
 9,273
 —
 32,650
>580 - 680—
 —
 —
 521
 3,169
 6,549
 1,319
 —
 11,558
Less than 580—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 763
 37
 —
 800
Consumer loans                 
Greater than 74089
 126
 866
 55
 25
 2,682
 2,366
 —
 6,209
>680 - 740—
 64
 8
 37,990
 —
 501
 1,765
 —
 40,328
>580 - 680—
 24
 —
 —
 4
 155
 110
 —
 293
Less than 580—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 21
 41
 —
 62
Total retail loans$3,555
 $11,278
 $18,633
 $54,976
 $38,585
 $112,424
 $44,621
 $—
 $284,072

(1) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds.


Note 8 – Subordinated Debentures
 
In August 2014,As of March 31, 2020, the Corporation issued $60.0 million inCompany had 3 issuances of subordinated notes and 2 issuances of junior subordinated debt securities, with an aggregate principal amount of 5.75% Subordinated Notes Due 2024 (the “Notes I”) in a private placement transaction to institutional accredited investors (the “Private Placement”). The Notes I bear interest at an annual fixed rate of 5.75%, with the first interest payment on the Notes occurring on March 3, 2015, and interest to be paid semiannually each March 3rd and September 3rd until September 3, 2024. At September 30, 2019, the carrying value of the Notes I was $59.4$215.3 million net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $598,000. As of September 30, 2019, the Notes I qualify as Tier 2 Capital. Principal and interest are due upon early redemption.

In May 2019, the Corporation issued $125.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.875% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due May 15, 2029 (the “Notes II”), at a public offering price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes II. The Company may redeem the Notes II on or after May 15, 2024. From and including the issue date, but excluding May 15, 2024, the Notes II will bearweighted interest at an initial fixed rate of 4.875% per annum, payable semi-annually. From and including May 15, 2024, but excluding the maturity date or the date of earlier redemption, the Notes II will bear interest at a floating rate equal to the then-current three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 2.50% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears. At September 30, 2019, the5.43%, compared with an aggregate carrying value of $215.1 million and a weighted interest rate of 5.37% at December 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes our outstanding subordinated debentures as of the Notes II was $122.6 million, net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $2.4 million. At September 30, 2019, the Notes II qualify as Tier 2 Capital. Principal and interest are due upon early redemption at any time, including prior to May 15, 2024 at our option, in whole but not in part, under the occurrence of special events defined within the trust indenture.dates indicated:
        March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
  Stated Maturity Current Interest Rate Current Principal Balance Carrying Value
      (Dollars in thousands)
Subordinated notes          
Subordinated notes due 2024, 5.75% per annum September 3, 2024 5.75% $60,000
 $59,462
 $59,432
Subordinated notes due 2029, 4.875% per annum until May 15, 2024, 3-month LIBOR +2.5% thereafter May 15, 2029 4.875% 125,000
 122,686
 122,622
Subordinated notes due 2025, 7.125% per annum June 26, 2025 7.125% 25,000
 25,127
 25,133
Total subordinated notes     210,000
 207,275
 207,187
Subordinated debt          
Heritage Oaks Capital Trust II (junior subordinated debt), 3-month LIBOR+1.72% January 1, 2037 3.63% 5,248
 4,071
 4,054
Santa Lucia Bancorp (CA) Capital Trust (junior subordinated debt), 3-month LIBOR+1.48% July 7, 2036 3.31% 5,155
 3,923
 3,904
Total subordinated debt     10,403
 7,994
 7,958
Total subordinated debentures     $220,403
 $215,269
 $215,145

    
In connection with the Private Placement,various issuances of subordinated notes, the Corporation obtained ratings from Kroll Bond Rating Agency (“KBRA”). KBRA assigned investment grade ratings of BBB+ and BBB for the Corporation’s senior unsecured debt and subordinated debt, respectively, and a senior deposit rating of A- for the Bank. The Company’s and Bank’s ratings were reaffirmed in February 2020 by KBRA reaffirmed these ratings in April 2019.following the announcement of the proposed acquisition of Opus.

InAs of March 2004,31, 2020, the Corporation issued $10.3 million of Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures (the “Subordinated Debentures”), due and payable on April 6, 2034, to PPBI Trust I, ahas two unconsolidated Delaware statutory trust created under the laws of the State of Delaware. The Subordinated Debentures were subject to early redemption, in part or whole, on or after April 7, 2009 at the option of the Corporation, at par. The Corporation also purchased a 3% minority interest totaling $310,000 in PPBI Trust I. The balance of equity of PPBI Trust I was comprised of mandatorily redeemable securities (“Trust Preferred Securities”) and was included in the Corporation’s other assets category. PPBI Trust I sold $10.0 million of Trust Preferred Securities to investors in a private offering. On July 8, 2019, the Company used a portion of the proceeds from the issuance of the Notes II to redeem all $10.3 million outstanding principal amount of Subordinated Debentures. Prior to redemption, the Subordinated Debentures carried an interest rate of three-month LIBOR plus 2.75% per annum, for an effective rate of 5.35% per annum. The Subordinated Debentures were called at par, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon through the date of redemption, for an aggregate amount of $10.4 million, and PPBI Trust I was dissolved.


On April 1, 2017, as part of the Heritage Oaks Bancorp (“HEOP”) acquisition, the Corporation assumed $5.2 million of floating rate junior subordinated debt securities associated withsubsidiaries, Heritage Oaks Capital Trust II. Interest is payable quarterly at three-month LIBOR plus 1.72% per annum, for an effective rate of 4.04% per annum as of September 30, 2019. At September 30, 2019, the carrying value of these debentures was $4.0 million, which reflects purchase accounting fair value adjustments of $1.2 million. The Corporation also assumed $3.1 million and $5.2 million of floating rate junior subordinated debt associated with Mission Community Capital Trust III and Santa Lucia Bancorp (CA) Capital Trust, respectively. At September 30, 2019,Trust. Both are used as business trusts for the carrying valuepurpose of these debentures of Mission Community Capital Trust I and Santa Lucia Bancorp (CA) Capital Trust were $2.8 million and $3.9 million, respectively, which reflects purchase accounting fair value adjustments of $290,000 and $1.3 million, respectively. Interest is payable quarterly at three-month LIBOR plus 2.95% per annum, for an effective rate of 5.25% per annum as of September 30, 2019 for Mission Community Capital Trust I. Interest is payable quarterly at three-month LIBOR plus 1.48% per annum, for an effective rate of 3.78% per annum as of September 30, 2019 for Santa Lucia Bancorp (CA) Capital Trust. These three debentures are callable by the Corporation at par.

On November 1, 2017, as part of the Plaza acquisition, the Corporation assumed 3 subordinated notes totaling $25 million at a fixed interest rate of 7.125% payable in arrears on a quarterly basis. The notes have a maturity date of June 26, 2025 and are also redeemable in whole or in part beginning on June 26, 2020 at an amount equal to 103.0% of principal plus accrued unpaid interest. The redemption price decreases 50 basis points each subsequent year. At September 30, 2019, the carrying value of these subordinated notes was $25.1 million, which reflects purchase accounting fair value adjustments of $139,000.

On July 1, 2018, as part of the Grandpoint acquisition, the Corporation assumed $5.2 million of floating rateissuing junior subordinated debt securities, due and payable on September 17, 2033, associated with First Commerce Bancorp Statutory Trust I, a statutory business trust created under the laws of the State of Connecticut. On September 17, 2019, the Company used a portion of the proceeds from the issuance of the Notes II in May 2019 to redeem all $5.2 million outstanding principal amount of these floating ratethird party investors. The junior subordinated debt was issued in connection with the trust preferred securities at par, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon through the date of redemption, for an aggregate amount of $5.2 million. Prior to redemption, the junior subordinated debt securities carried an interest rate of three-month LIBOR plus 2.95% per annum, for an effective rate of 5.36% per annum. The Company recorded a loss on early debt extinguishment of $214,000 related to purchase accounting fair value adjustments, and First Commerce Bancorp Statutory Trust I was dissolved.

offerings. The Corporation is not allowed to consolidate any trust preferred securities into the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The resulting effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements is to report only the subordinated debentures relating to trust preferred securities as a component of the Company’s liabilities. The redemptionliabilities, and its ownership interest in the trusts as a component of Tier 1 capital instruments associated with PPBI Trust I and First Commerce Bancorp Statutory Trust I during the three months ended September 30, 2019 reducedother assets.

For additional information on the Company’s Tier 1 capital by a totalsubordinated debentures, see “Note 13 — Subordinated Debentures” to the Consolidated Financial Statements of $14.7 million. Thethe Company’s regulatory capital ratios continued to exceed regulatory minimums to be well-capitalized and the fully phased-in capital conservation buffer, upon these redemptions.2019 Form 10-K.  

Note 9 – Earnings Per Share
 
In February 2019, the Company’s Compensation Committee of Board of Directors reviewed the various forms of outstanding equity awards, including restricted stock and restrict stock units (“RSUs”), and approved that unvested restricted stock awards will be considered participating securities. As a result of the different treatment of unvested restricted stock and unvested RSUs, beginning in 2019, earnings per common share is computed using the two-class method.

Under the two-class method, distributed and undistributed earnings allocable to participating securities are deducted from net income to determine net income allocable to common shareholders, which is then used in the numerator of both basic and diluted earnings per share calculations. Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income allocable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the reporting period, excluding outstanding participating securities. Diluted earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income allocable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding over the reporting period, adjusted to include the effect of potentially dilutive common shares, but excludes awards considered participating securities. The computation of diluted earnings per common share excludes the impact of the assumed exercise or issuance of securities that would have an anti-dilutive effect.

The following tables set forth the Company’s earnings per share calculations for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended
September 30, 2019 June 30, 2019 September 30, 2018March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 March 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Basic          
Net income$41,375
 $38,527
 $28,392
$25,740
 $41,098
 $38,718
Less: Earnings allocated to participating securities(432) (444) —
(232) (426) (347)
Net income allocated to common stockholders$40,943
 $38,083
 $28,392
$25,508
 $40,672
 $38,371
          
Weighted average common shares outstanding59,293,218
 61,308,046
 61,727,030
59,007,191
 58,816,352
 61,987,605
Basic earnings per common share$0.69
 $0.62
 $0.46
$0.43
 $0.69
 $0.62
          
Diluted          
Net income allocated to common stockholders$40,943
 $38,083
 $28,392
$25,508
 $40,672
 $38,371
          
Weighted average common shares outstanding59,293,218
 61,308,046
 61,727,030
59,007,191
 58,816,352
 61,987,605
Diluted effect of share-based compensation377,637
 353,727
 634,774
182,526
 365,702
 298,178
Weighted average diluted common shares59,670,855
 61,661,773
 62,361,804
59,189,717
 59,182,054
 62,285,783
Diluted earnings per common share$0.69
 $0.62
 $0.46
$0.43
 $0.69
 $0.62


 Nine Months Ended
 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018
 (dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Basic   
Net income$118,620
 $83,697
Less: Earnings allocated to participating securities(1,223) —
Net income allocated to common stockholders$117,397
 $83,697
    
Weighted average common shares outstanding60,853,081
 51,282,533
Basic earnings per common share$1.93
 $1.63
    
Diluted   
Net income allocated to common stockholders$117,397
 $83,697
    
Weighted average common shares outstanding60,853,081
 51,282,533
Diluted effect of share-based compensation348,777
 683,114
Weighted average diluted common shares61,201,858
 51,965,647
Diluted earnings per common share$1.92
 $1.61


The impact of stock options, which are anti-dilutive, are excluded from the computations of diluted earnings per share. The dilutive impact of these securities could be included in future computations of diluted earnings per share if the market price of the common stock increases. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, there were 0 RSUs or stock options that were anti-dilutive.



Note 10 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
The fair value of an asset or liability is the exchange price that would be received to sell that asset or paid to transfer that liability (exit price) in an orderly transaction occurring in the principal market (or most advantageous market in the absence of a principal market) for such asset or liability. In estimating fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach, and/or the cost approach. Such valuation techniques are consistently applied. Inputs to valuation techniques include the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. ASC Topic 825 requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including both those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis and a non-recurring basis. The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value are discussed below.

In accordance with accounting guidance, the Company groups its financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described as follows:

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, prepayment speeds, volatilities, etc.) or model-based valuation techniques where all significant assumptions are observable, either directly or indirectly, in the market.

Level 3 - Valuation is generated from model-based techniques where one or more significant inputs are not observable, either directly or indirectly, in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Company’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques may include use of matrix pricing, discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques.
 
Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature, and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the fair values presented. Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent limitations in any estimation technique.

A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Management maximizes the use of observable inputs and attempts to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value measurements. Estimated fair values are disclosed for financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. These estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market data and information about the financial instruments. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument for sale at one time, nor do they attempt to estimate the value of anticipated future business related to the instruments. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in any of these estimates.



Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following is a description of both the general and specific valuation methodologies used to measure financial assets and liabilities on a recurring basis, as well as the general classification of these instruments pursuant to the fair value hierarchy.

Investment securities – Investment securities are generally valued based upon quotes obtained from independent third-party pricing services, which use evaluated pricing applications and model processes. Observable market inputs, such as, benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data are considered as part of the evaluation. The inputs are related directly to the security being evaluated, or indirectly to a similarly situated security. Market assumptions and market data are utilized in the valuation models. The Company reviews the market prices provided by the third-party pricing service for reasonableness based on the Company’s understanding of the market place and credit issues related to the securities. The Company has not made any adjustments to the market quotes provided by them and, accordingly, the Company categorized its investment portfolio within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
    
Derivative assets and liabilities – The Company originates a variable rate loan and enters into a variable-to-fixed interest rate swap with the customer. The Company also enters into an offsetting swap with a correspondent bank. These back-to-back swap agreements are intended to offset each other and allow the Company to originate a variable rate loan, while providing a contract for fixed interest payments for the customer. The net cash flow for the Company is equal to the interest income received from a variable rate loan originated with the customer. The fair value of these derivatives is based on a market standard discounted cash flow approach. The Company may enter into risk participation agreements with a counterparty bank to accept a portion of the credit risk on interest rate swap related to loans. The fair value for the risk participation agreements is calculated by using a one-sided credit valuation adjustments model that takes into account the total expected asset or liability exposure of the derivatives to the borrowers and the credit of the borrower. Due to the observable nature of the majority of inputs used in deriving the fair value of these derivative contracts, the valuation of interest rate swapsderivatives is classified as Level 2.

The following fair value hierarchy table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at the dates indicated:
 September 30, 2019 March 31, 2020
 Fair Value Measurement Using   Fair Value Measurement Using  
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Fair Value
 (dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Financial assets                
Investment securities available-for-sale:                
U.S. Treasury $—
 $64,190
 $—
 $64,190
 $—
 $32,833
 $—
 $32,833
Agency —
 261,558
 —
 261,558
 —
 247,766
 —
 247,766
Corporate —
 127,802
 —
 127,802
 —
 176,033
 —
 176,033
Municipal bonds —
 294,099
 —
 294,099
 —
 407,097
 —
 407,097
Collateralized mortgage obligation —
 10,642
 —
 10,642
Collateralized mortgage obligations —
 9,656
 —
 9,656
Mortgage-backed securities —
 498,364
 —
 498,364
 —
 464,376
 —
 464,376
Total securities available-for-sale $—
 $1,256,655
 $—
 $1,256,655
 $—
 $1,337,761
 $—
 $1,337,761
                
Derivative assets $—
 $2,853
 $—
 $2,853
 $—
 $10,961
 $—
 $10,961
                
Financial liabilities                
Derivative liabilities $—
 $2,853
 $—
 $2,853
 $—
 $11,013
 $—
 $11,013



 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2019
 Fair Value Measurement Using  
 Fair Value Measurement Using  
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Total
Fair Value
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Total
Fair Value
 (dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Financial assets                
Investment securities available-for-sale:  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
U.S. Treasury $—
 $60,912
 $—
 $60,912
 $—
 $63,555
 $—
 $63,555
Agency —
 130,070
 —
 130,070
 —
 246,358
 —
 246,358
Corporate —
 103,543
 —
 103,543
 —
 151,353
 —
 151,353
Municipal bonds —
 238,630
 —
 238,630
 —
 397,298
 —
 397,298
Collateralized mortgage obligation —
 24,338
 —
 24,338
Collateralized mortgage obligations —
 9,984
 —
 9,984
Mortgage-backed securities —
 545,729
 —
 545,729
 —
 499,836
 —
 499,836
Total securities available-for-sale $—
 $1,103,222
 $—
 $1,103,222
 $—
 $1,368,384
 $—
 $1,368,384
                
Derivative assets $—
 $1,681
 $—
 $1,681
 $—
 $2,103
 $—
 $2,103
                
Financial liabilities                
Derivative liabilities $—
 $1,681
 $—
 $1,681
 $—
 $2,103
 $—
 $2,103


Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

ImpairedIndividually evaluated Loans and Other Real Estate Owned(impaired loans prior to adoption of ASC 326) – A loan is considered impairedindividually evaluated for expected credit losses when it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. ImpairmentIndividually evaluated loans is measured based on the fair value of the underlying collateral or the discounted expected future cash flows. Collateral generally consists of accounts receivable, inventory, fixed assets, real estate and cash. The Company measures impairment on all nonaccrual loans for which it has reduced the principal balance to the value of the underlying collateral less the anticipated selling cost.

Other Real Estate Owned – OREO areis initially recorded at estimatedthe fair value less theestimated costs to sell at the timedate of foreclosure or attransfer. This amount becomes the lower of cost or estimatedproperty’s new basis. Any fair value adjustments based on the property’s fair value less theestimated costs to sell subsequentat the date of acquisition are charged to acquisition.the allowance for credit losses.

The fair value of impairedindividually evaluated loans and other real estate owned were determined using Level 3 assumptions, and represents impairedindividually evaluated loan and other real estate owned balances for which a specific reserve has been established or on which a write down has been taken. Generally,For real estate loans, generally, the Company obtains third party appraisals (or property valuations) and/or collateral audits in conjunction with internal analysis based on historical experience on its impairedindividually evaluated loans and other real estate owned to determine fair value. In determining the net realizable value of the underlying collateral for impairedindividually evaluated loans, the Company will then discount the valuation to cover both market price fluctuations and selling costs, typically ranging from 7% to 10% of the collateral value, that the Company expected would be incurred in the event of foreclosure. In addition to the discounts taken, the Company’s calculation of net realizable value considered any other senior liens in place on the underlying collateral. For non-real estate loans, fair value of the loan’s collateral may be determined using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business.


At September 30, 2019 and DecemberMarch 31, 2018, substantially all2020, the Company’s impairedindividually evaluated collateral dependent loans were evaluated based on the fair value of their underlying collateral based upon the most recent appraisalappraisals available to management. The Company completed partial charge-offs on certain impaired loans individually evaluated for impairmentloans based on recent real estate or property appraisals and released the related specific reserves during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2019. The Company has recorded 0 specific reserve on loans deemed impaired at September 30, 2019.

March 31, 2020.
    

The following table presents our assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2018.2019.

 September 30, 2019 March 31, 2020
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Total
Fair Value
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Total
Fair Value
 (dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Financial assets                
Impaired loans $—
 $—
 $16
 $16
Collateral dependent loans $—
 $—
 $660
 $660

 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2019
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Total
Fair Value
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Total
Fair Value
 (dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Financial assets                
Impaired loans $—
 $—
 $1,445
 $1,445
 $—
 $—
 $2,257
 $2,257


The following table presents quantitative information about level 3 of fair value measurements for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

 March 31, 2020
       Range
 Fair Value Valuation Technique(s) Unobservable Input(s) Min Max Weighted Average
 (Dollars in thousands)
Investor loans secured by real estate           
CRE non-owner-occupied$318
 Fair value of collateral Collateral discount and cost to sell 10.00% 10.00% 10.00%
Business loans secured by real estate           
SBA secured by real estate277
 Fair value of collateral Collateral discount and cost to sell 10.00% 10.00% 10.00%
Commercial loans           
SBA non-real estate secured65
 Fair value of collateral Collateral discount and cost to sell 7.00% 10.00% 7.32%
Total individually evaluated loans$660
          

 December 31, 2019
       Range
 Fair Value Valuation Technique(s) Unobservable Input(s) Min Max Weighted Average
 (Dollars in thousands)
Investor loans secured by real estate           
CRE non-owner-occupied$569
 Fair value of collateral Collateral discount and cost to sell 10.00% 10.00% 10.00%
SBA secured by real estate408
 Fair value of collateral Collateral discount and cost to sell 10.00% 10.00% 10.00%
Business loans secured by real estate           
SBA secured by real estate140
 Fair value of collateral Collateral discount and cost to sell 7.00% 10.00% 7.81%
Commercial loans           
SBA non-real estate secured1,140
 Fair value of collateral Collateral discount and cost to sell 7.00% 63.00% 15.33%
Total individually evaluated loans$2,257
          



Fair Values of Financial Instruments
    
The fair value estimates presented herein are based on pertinent information available to management as of the dates indicated, representing an exit price.
 
 At September 30, 2019 At March 31, 2020
 
Carrying
Amount
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Estimated
Fair Value
 (dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Assets:          
Assets          
Cash and cash equivalents $427,715
 $427,715
 $—
 $—
 $427,715
 $534,032
 $534,032
 $—
 $—
 $534,032
Interest-bearing time deposits with financial institutions 2,711
 2,711
 —
 —
 2,711
 2,708
 2,708
 —
 —
 2,708
Investments held-to-maturity 40,433
 —
 41,302
 —
 41,302
 34,553
 —
 36,238
 —
 36,238
Investment securities available-for-sale 1,256,655
 —
 1,256,655
 —
 1,256,655
 1,337,761
 —
 1,337,761
 —
 1,337,761
Loans held for sale 7,092
 —
 7,637
 —
 7,637
 111
 —
 119
 —
 119
Loans held for investment, net 8,757,476
 —
 —
 8,758,265
 8,758,265
 8,754,869
 —
 —
 8,919,760
 8,919,760
Derivative asset 2,853
 —
 2,853
 —
 2,853
 10,961
 —
 10,961
 —
 10,961
Accrued interest receivable 38,603
 38,603
 —
 —
 38,603
 38,294
 38,294
 —
 —
 38,294
                    
Liabilities:  
  
  
  
  
Liabilities  
  
  
  
  
Deposit accounts 8,859,288
 7,515,400
 1,345,436
 —
 8,860,836
 9,093,072
 8,020,531
 1,077,483
 —
 9,098,014
FHLB advances 604,558
 —
 604,980
 —
 604,980
 521,017
 —
 521,735
 —
 521,735
Subordinated debentures 217,825
 —
 237,624
 —
 237,624
 215,269
 —
 227,542
 —
 227,542
Derivative liability 2,853
 —
 2,853
 —
 2,853
 11,013
 —
 11,013
 —
 11,013
Accrued interest payable 6,537
 6,537
 —
 —
 6,537
 3,671
 3,671
 —
 —
 3,671




 At December 31, 2018 At December 31, 2019
 
Carrying
Amount
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Estimated
Fair Value
 (dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Assets:  
  
  
  
  
Assets  
  
  
  
  
Cash and cash equivalents $203,406
 $203,406
 $—
 $—
 $203,406
 $326,850
 $326,850
 $—
 $—
 $326,850
Interest-bearing time deposits with financial institutions 6,143
 6,143
 —
 —
 6,143
 2,708
 2,708
 —
 —
 2,708
Investments held-to-maturity 45,210
 —
 44,672
 —
 44,672
 37,838
 —
 38,760
 —
 38,760
Investment securities available-for-sale 1,103,222
 —
 1,103,222
 —
 1,103,222
 1,368,384
 —
 1,368,384
 —
 1,368,384
Loans held for sale 5,719
 —
 6,072
 —
 6,072
 1,672
 —
 1,821
 —
 1,821
Loans held for investment, net 8,836,818
 —
 —
 8,697,594
 8,697,594
 8,722,311
 —
 —
 8,691,019
 8,691,019
Derivative asset 1,929
 —
 1,681
 —
 1,681
 2,103
 —
 2,103
 —
 2,103
Accrued interest receivable 37,837
 37,837
 —
 —
 37,837
 39,442
 39,442
 —
 —
 39,442
                    
Liabilities:  
  
  
  
  
Liabilities  
  
  
  
  
Deposit accounts 8,658,351
 7,247,673
 1,403,524
 —
 8,651,197
 8,898,509
 7,850,667
 1,048,583
 —
 8,899,250
FHLB advances 667,606
 —
 666,864
 —
 666,864
 517,026
 —
 517,291
 —
 517,291
Other borrowings 75
 —
 75
 —
 75
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Subordinated debentures 110,313
 —
 115,613
 —
 115,613
 215,145
 —
 237,001
 —
 237,001
Derivative liability 1,929
 —
 1,681
 —
 1,681
 2,103
 —
 2,103
 —
 2,103
Accrued interest payable 3,255
 3,255
 —
 —
 3,255
 2,686
 2,686
 —
 —
 2,686

    
The Company’s valuation methodologies may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. While management believes the Company’s valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. 

Note 11 – Derivative Instruments

From time to time, the Company enters into interest rate swap agreements with certain borrowers to assist them in mitigating their interest rate risk exposure associated with the loans they have with the Company. At the same time, the Company enters into identical interest rate swap agreements with another financial institution to mitigate the Company’s interest rate risk exposure associated with the swap agreements it enters into with its borrowers. TheAt March 31, 2020, the Company had swapsover-the-counter derivative instruments and centrally-cleared derivative instruments with matched terms with an aggregate notional amount of $48.9$88.7 million and a fair value of $2.9$11.0 million at September 30, 2019 compared with an aggregate notional amount of $57.5$76.3 million and a fair value of $1.7$2.1 million at December 31, 2018.2019. The fair value of these agreements are determined through a third party valuation model used by the Company’s counterparty bank, which uses observable market data such as cash LIBOR rates, prices of Eurodollar future contracts and market swap rates. The fair values of these swaps are recorded as components of other assets and other liabilities in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. Changes in the fair value of these swaps, which occur due to changes in interest rates, are recorded in the Company’s income statement as a component of noninterest income. Since the terms of the swap agreements between the Company and its borrowers have been matched with the terms of swap agreements with another financial institution, the adjustments for the change in their fair value offset each other in noninterest income.
    
Over-the-counter contracts are tailored to meet the needs of the counterparties involved and, therefore, generally contain a greater degree of credit risk and liquidity risk than centrally-cleared contracts, which have standardized terms. Although changes in the fair value of swap agreements between the Company and borrowers and the Company and other financial institutions offset each other, changes in the credit risk of these counterparties may result in a difference in the fair value of these swap agreements. Offsetting over-the-counter swap agreements the Company has with other financial institutions are collateralized with cash, and swap agreements with borrowers are secured by the collateral arrangements for the underlying loans these borrowers have with the Company. During the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2020 and 2019, and 2018, there were no losses recorded on swap agreements attributable to the change in credit risk associated with a counterparty. All interest rate swap agreements entered into by the Company as of September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 and December 31, 20182019 are free-standing derivatives and are not designated as hedging instruments.

The Company’s credit derivatives result from entering into credit risk participation agreements (“RPAs”) with a counterparty bank to accept a portion of the credit risk on interest rate swaps related to loans. RPAs provide credit protection to the financial institution should the borrower fail to perform on its interest rate swap derivative contract with the financial institution. The credit risk related to these credit derivatives is managed through the Company’s loan underwriting process. RPAs are derivative financial instruments not designated as hedging and are recorded at fair value. Changes in fair value are recognized as a component of noninterest income with a corresponding offset within other assets or other liabilities.

The following tables summarize the Company's derivative instruments, included in “other assets” and “other liabilities” in the consolidated statements of financial condition:

September 30, 2019March 31, 2020
Derivative Assets Derivative LiabilitiesDerivative Assets Derivative Liabilities
Notional Fair Value Notional Fair ValueNotional Fair Value Notional Fair Value
(dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:              
Interest rate swap contracts$48,932
 $2,853
 $48,932
 $2,853
$88,668
 $10,961
 $88,668
 $10,961
Other contracts—
 —
 14,725
 52
Total derivative instruments$48,932
 $2,853
 $48,932
 $2,853
$88,668
 $10,961
 $103,393
 $11,013


 December 31, 2018
 Derivative Assets Derivative Liabilities
 Notional Fair Value Notional Fair Value
 (dollars in thousands)
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:       
Interest rate swap contracts$57,502
 $1,681
 $57,502
 $1,681
Total derivative instruments$57,502
 $1,681
 $57,502
 $1,681
 December 31, 2019
 Derivative Assets Derivative Liabilities
 Notional Fair Value Notional Fair Value
 (Dollars in thousands)
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:       
Interest rate swap contracts$76,314
 $2,103
 $76,314
 $2,103
Total derivative instruments$76,314
 $2,103
 $76,314
 $2,103

The following table summarizes the effect of the derivative financial instruments in the consolidated statement of income.
    Amount of Gain Recognized in Income on Derivative Instruments
    Three Months Ended
Derivative Not Designated as Hedging Instruments: Location of Gain Recognized in Income on Derivative Instruments March 31, 2020 March 31, 2019
    (Dollars in thousands)
Other contracts Other income $198
 $—
Total   $198
 $—



Note 12 – Balance Sheet Offsetting

Derivative financial instruments may be eligible for offset in the consolidated balance sheets, such as those subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or a similar agreement. Under these agreements, the Company has the right to net settle multiple contracts with the same counterparty. The Company offers an interest rate swap product to qualified customers, which are then paired with derivative contracts the Company enters into with a counterparty bank. While derivative contracts entered into with counterparty banks may be subject to enforceable master netting agreements, derivative contracts with customers may not be subject to enforceable master netting arrangements, derivative contracts with customers may not be subject to enforceable master netting arrangements. The Company elected to account for centrally-cleared derivative contracts on a gross basis. With regard to derivative contracts not centrally cleared through a clearinghouse, regulations require collateral to be posted by the party with a net liability position. Parties to a centrally cleared over-the-counter derivative exchange daily payments that reflect the daily change in value of the derivative. These payments are commonly referred to as variation margin and are treated as settlements of derivative exposure rather than as collateral.

Financial instruments that are eligible for offset in the consolidated statements of financial condition as of September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 are presented in the table below:

      Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets		        Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets		  
Gross Amounts Recognized Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Financial Instruments Cash Collateral (1) Net AmountGross Amounts Recognized Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets 
Financial Instruments (1)
 
Cash Collateral (2)
 Net Amount
(dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2019           
March 31, 2020           
Financial assets:                      
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments$2,853
 $—
 $2,853
 $—
 $—
 $2,853
$10,961
 $—
 $10,961
 $—
 $—
 $10,961
Total$2,853
 $—
 $2,853
 $—
 $—
 $2,853
$10,961
 $—
 $10,961
 $—
 $—
 $10,961
                      
Financial liabilities:                      
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments$2,853
 $—
 $2,853
 $—
 $(2,750) $103
$11,013
 $—
 $11,013
 $(2,766) $(2,600) $5,647
Total$2,853
 $—
 $2,853
 $—
 $(2,750) $103
$11,013
 $—
 $11,013
 $(2,766) $(2,600) $5,647
                      
(1) Represents cash collateral pledged with counterparty bank.
(1) Represents the fair value of securities pledged with counterparty bank.
(1) Represents the fair value of securities pledged with counterparty bank.
(2) Represents cash collateral pledged with counterparty bank.
(2) Represents cash collateral pledged with counterparty bank.


Financial instruments that are eligible for offset in the consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 20182019 are presented in the table below:
      Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets		        Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets		  
Gross Amounts Recognized Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Financial Instruments 
Cash Collateral (1)
 Net AmountGross Amounts Recognized Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Financial Instruments 
Cash Collateral (1)
 Net Amount
(dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2018           
December 31, 2019           
Financial assets:                      
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments$2,177
 $(496) $1,681
 $—
 $—
 $1,681
$2,103
 $—
 $2,103
 $—
 $—
 $2,103
Total$2,177
 $(496) $1,681
 $—
 $—
 $1,681
$2,103
 $—
 $2,103
 $—
 $—
 $2,103
                      
Financial liabilities:                      
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments$1,681
 $—
 $1,681
 $—
 $—
 $1,681
$2,107
 $(4) $2,103
 $—
 $(1,678) $425
Total$1,681
 $—
 $1,681
 $—
 $—
 $1,681
$2,107
 $(4) $2,103
 $—
 $(1,678) $425
                      
(1) Represents cash collateral held with counterparty bank.
(1) Represents cash collateral held with counterparty bank.
(1)Represents cash collateral held with counterparty bank.




Note 13 – Leases

The Company accounts for its leases in accordance with ASC 842, which was implemented on January 1, 2019, and requires the Company to record liabilities for future lease obligations as well as assets representing the right to use the underlying leased asset. The Company’s leases primarily represent future obligations to make payments for the use of buildings or space for its operations. Liabilities to make future lease payments are recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities, while right-of-use assets are recorded in other assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, all of the Company’s leases were classified as operating leases or short-term leases. Liabilities to make future lease payments and right of use assets are recorded for operating leases and not short-term leases. These liabilities and right-of-use assets are determined based on the total contractual base rents for each lease, which include options to extend or renew each lease, where applicable, and where the Company believes it has an economic incentive to extend or renew the lease. Future contractual base rents are discounted using the rate implicit in the lease or using the Company’s estimated incremental borrowing rate if the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. For leases that contain variable lease payments, the Company assumes future lease payment escalations based on a lease payment escalation rate specified in the lease or the specified index rate observed at the time of lease commencement. Liabilities to make future lease payments are accounted for using the interest method, being reduced by periodic contractual lease payments net of periodic interest accretion. Right-of-use assets for operating leases are amortized over the term of the associated lease by amounts that represent the difference between periodic straight-line lease expense and periodic interest accretion in the related liability to make future lease payments.

For the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2020 and 2019, lease expense totaled $3.5$3.7 million and $10.3$3.4 million, respectively, and was recorded in premises and occupancy expense in the consolidated statements of income. For the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2020 and 2019, lease expense attributable to operating leases totaled approximately $2.9$3.2 million and $8.4$2.7 million, respectively. Lease expense attributable to short-term leases for the three and ninemonths ended September 30,March 31, 2020 and 2019 totaled approximately $575,000$527,000 and $1.9 million, respectively.$691,000. Short-term leases are leases that have a term of 12 months or less at commencement.

The following table presents supplemental information related to operating leases as of the period indicated:and for three months ended:
 September 30, 2019 March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
 (dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Balance Sheet:      
Operating lease right of use assets $42,065
 $52,572
 $43,177
Operating lease liabilities 44,973
 56,252
 46,498
    
 Three Months Ended
 March 31, 2020 March 31, 2019
 (Dollars in thousands)
Cash Flows:      
Operating cash flows from operating leases 8,786
 $2,257
 $2,545




The following table provides information related to minimum contractual lease payments and other information associated with the Company’s leases as of September 30,March 31, 2020:
 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Thereafter Total
 (Dollars in thousands)
Contractual base rents (1):
             
Operating leases$8,523
 $13,028
 $12,640
 $11,521
 $9,848
 $10,835
 $66,395
Short-term leases127
 7
 —
 —
 —
 —
 134
Total contractual base rents$8,650
 $13,035
 $12,640
 $11,521
 $9,848
 $10,835
 $66,529
              
Total liability to make lease payments $56,252
Difference in undiscounted and discounted future lease payments $10,277
Weighted average discount rate 5.49%
Weighted average remaining lease term (years) 5.8
______________________________
(1) Contractual base rents reflect options to extend and renewals, and do not include property taxes and other operating expenses due under respective lease agreements.

The following table provides information related to minimum contractual lease payments and other information associated with the Company’s leases as of December 31, 2019:
 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Thereafter Total
 (Dollars in thousands)
Contractual base rents (1):
             
Operating leases$10,138
 $10,602
 $10,137
 $9,055
 $7,318
 $7,265
 $54,515
Short-term leases143
 7
 —
 —
 —
 —
 150
Total contractual base rents$10,281
 $10,609
 $10,137
 $9,055
 $7,318
 $7,265
 $54,665
              
Total liability to make lease payments $46,498
Difference in undiscounted and discounted future lease payments $8,167
Weighted average discount rate 6.13%
Weighted average remaining lease term (years) 5.4

(1)
 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total
 (dollars in thousands)
Contractual base rents (1):
             
Operating leases$2,798
 $9,354
 $9,773
 $9,327
 $8,346
 $13,619
 $53,217
Short-term leases218
 79
 —
 —
 —
 —
 297
Total contractual base rents$3,016
 $9,433
 $9,773
 $9,327
 $8,346
 $13,619
 $53,514
              
Total liability to make lease payments $44,973
Difference in undiscounted and discounted future lease payments $8,541
Weighted average discount rate 6.26%
Weighted average remaining lease term (years) 5.5
              
(1) Contractual base rents reflect options to extend and renewals, and do not include property taxes and other operating expenses due under respective lease agreements.

 Contractual base rents reflect options to extend and renewals, and do not include property taxes and other operating expenses due under respective lease agreements.

The Company from time to time leases portions of space it owns to other parties. Income received from these transactions is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the sublease. For the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2020 and 2019, and 2018, rental income totaled $25,000 and $140,000,$45,000, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, rental income totaled $116,000 and $389,000, respectively.

The following table provides information related to minimum contractual lease payments for the periods indicated below as of December 31, 2018 (1):
 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total
 (dollars in thousands)
Minimum contractual lease payments$11,468
 $10,869
 $10,133
 $9,296
 $8,124
 $10,518
 $60,408
(1) Contractual base rents in the table above are reflective of future lease obligations under ASC 840, prior to the implementation of ASC 842. The amounts in the table above do not reflect extensions or renewals and do not include property taxes and other operating expenses due under respective lease agreements. The amounts in the table above also reflect future lease obligations for certain leases that had not yet commenced as of December 31, 2018.



Note 14 – Revenue Recognition

The Company earns revenue from a variety of sources. The Company’s principal source of revenue is interest income on loans, investment securities and other interest earning assets, while the remainder of the Company’s revenue is earned from a variety of fees, service charges, gains and losses, and other income, all of which are classified as noninterest income. Revenue from interest on loans and investment securities is accounted for on an accrual basis using

On January 1, 2018, the interest method, while revenue from other sources is accounted for under other applicable U.S. GAAP as well as ASC 606 - RevenueCompany adopted ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers. (Topic 606)”, and all subsequent amendments that modified ASC 606. ASC 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and securities, certain noninterest income streams such as gain or loss associated with derivatives, and income from bank owned life insurance. Revenue streams within the scope of and accounted for under ASC 606 include: service charges and fees on deposit accounts, debit card interchange fees, fees from other services the Company provides its customers and gains and losses from the sale of other real estate owned and property, premises and equipment. ASC 606 requires revenue to be recognized when the Company satisfies the related performance obligations by transferring to the customer a good or service. The recognition of revenue under ASC 606 requires the Company to first identify the contract with the customer, identify the associated performance obligations, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations and finally recognize revenue when the performance obligations have been satisfied and the good or service has been transferred. The majority of the Company’s contracts with customers associated with revenue streams that are within the scope of ASC 606 are considered short-term in nature and can be canceled at any time by the customer or the Company without penalty, such as a deposit account agreement, and are satisfied at a point in time.agreement. These revenue streams are included in noninterest income.

The following tables provide a summary of the Company’s revenue streams, including those that are within the scope of ASC 606 and those that are accounted for under other applicable U.S. GAAP:
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended
September 30, 2019 June 30, 2019 September 30, 2018March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 March 31, 2019
Within Scope(1)
 
Out of Scope(2)
 
Within Scope(1)
 
Out of Scope(2)
 
Within Scope(1)
 
Out of Scope(2)
Within Scope(1)
 
Out of Scope(2)
 
Within Scope(1)
 
Out of Scope(2)
 
Within Scope(1)
 
Out of Scope(2)
(dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Interest income:           
Loans$—
 $122,974
 $—
 $121,860
 $—
 $119,271
Investment securities and other interest-earning assets—
 9,630
 —
 10,554
 —
 9,605
Total interest income—
 132,604
 —
 132,414
 —
 128,876
Noninterest income:                      
Loan servicing fees—
 546
 —
 409
 —
 400
$—
 $480
 $—
 $487
 $—
 $398
Service charges on deposit accounts1,440
 —
 1,441
 —
 1,570
 —
1,715
 —
 1,558
 —
 1,330
 —
Other service fee income360
 —
 363
 —
 317
 —
311
 —
 359
 —
 356
 —
Debit card interchange income421
 —
 1,145
 —
 1,061
 —
348
 —
 367
 —
 1,071
 —
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance—
 861
 —
 851
 —
 1,270
—
 1,336
 —
 864
 —
 910
Net gain from sales of loans—
 2,313
 —
 902
 —
 2,029
—
 771
 —
 1,698
 —
 1,729
Net gain from sales of investment securities—
 4,261
 —
 212
 —
 1,063
—
 7,760
 —
 3,671
 —
 427
Other income592
 636
 544
 457
 (446) 976
217
 1,537
 107
 690
 192
 1,268
Total noninterest income2,813
 8,617
 3,493
 2,831
 2,502
 5,738
$2,591
 $11,884
 $2,391
 $7,410
 $2,949
 $4,732
Total revenues$2,813
 $141,221
 $3,493
 $135,245
 $2,502
 $134,614
(1) Revenues from contracts with customers accounted for under ASC 606.
(2) Revenues not within the scope of ASC 606 and accounted for under other applicable U.S. GAAP requirements.

 Nine Months Ended
 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018
 
Within Scope(1)
 
Out of Scope(2)
 
Within Scope(1)
 
Out of Scope(2)
 (dollars in thousands)
Interest income:       
Loans$—
 $366,310
 $—
 $289,069
Investment securities and other interest-earning assets—
 29,951
 —
 23,333
Total interest income—
 396,261
 —
 312,402
Noninterest income:       
Loan servicing fees—
 1,353
 —
 1,037
Service charges on deposit accounts4,211
 —
 3,777
 —
Other service fee income1,079
 —
 632
 —
Debit card interchange income2,637
 —
 3,187
 —
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance—
 2,622
 —
 2,498
Net gain from sales of loans—
 4,944
 —
 8,830
Net gain from sales of investment securities—
 4,900
 —
 1,399
Other income1,328
 2,361
 84
 2,613
Total noninterest income9,255
 16,180
 7,680
 16,377
Total revenues$9,255
 $412,441
 $7,680
 $328,779
(1) Revenues from contracts with customers accounted for under ASC 606.
(2) Revenues not within the scope of ASC 606 and accounted for under other applicable U.S. GAAP requirements.

The following provides information concerning the major components of the Company’s revenue:

Interest Income

Interest income is comprised of interest on loans, investment securities and other interest-earning assets. Interest is recognized using the interest method, which reflects the contractual yield on loans and coupon yield for investment securities. These yields are adjusted for purchase discounts, premiums and net deferred loan origination fees/costs for newly originated loans.

Loan Servicing Fees

Loan servicing fees generally consist of fees related to servicing of loans for others, as well as the net impact of related serving asset amortization. ASC 606 stipulates that income streams generated through the transfer and servicing of financial instruments shall be(1) Revenues from contracts with customers accounted for under ASC 860 - 606.
Transfers and Servicing(2) and is therefore excluded fromRevenues not within the scope of ASC 606.606 and accounted for under other applicable U.S. GAAP requirements.


The major revenue streams by fee type that are within the scope of ASC 606 presented in the above tables are described in additional detail below:

Service Charges on Deposit Accounts and Other Service Fee Income

Service charges on deposit accounts and other service fee income consists of periodic service charges on deposit accounts and transaction based fees such as those related to overdrafts, ATM charges and wire transfer fees. The majority of these revenues are accounted for under ASC 606. Performance obligations for periodic service charges on deposit accounts are typically short-term in nature and are generally satisfied on a monthly basis, while performance obligations for other transaction based fees are typically satisfied at a point in time (which may consist of only a few moments to perform the service or transaction) with no further obligations on behalf of the Company to the customer. Periodic service charges are generally collected monthly directly from the customer'scustomer’s deposit account, and at the end of a statement cycle, while transaction based service charges are typically collected at the time of or soon after the service is performed.


Debit Card Interchange Income

Debit card interchange fee income consists of transaction processing fees associated with customer debit card transactions processed through a payment network and are accounted for under ASC 606. These fees are earned each time a request for payment is originated by a customer debit cardholder at a merchant. In these transactions, the Company transfers funds from the debit cardholder’s account to a merchant through a payment network at the request of the debit cardholder by way of the debit card transaction. The related performance obligations are generally satisfied when the transfer of funds is complete, which is generally a point in time when the debit card transaction is processed. Debit card interchange fees are typically received and recorded as revenue on a daily basis.

Earnings on Bank-Owned Life Insurance

Earnings on bank-owned life insurance relates to the periodic increase in the cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance policies on certain key employees of the Company for which the Company is the owner and beneficiary of the related policies. This revenue stream is excluded from the scope of ASC 606, and is accounted for under other applicable U.S. GAAP provisions (ASC 325-30).

Gains and (Losses) from Sales of Loans and Investment Securities

ASC 606 stipulates that gains and (losses) from the periodic sale of loans and investment securities are excluded from ASC 606 and are accounted for under other applicable U.S. GAAP provisions.

Other Income

Other noninterest income generally consists of recoveries on acquired loans, which were fully charged off and had no book value prior to their acquisition, and gains and (losses) on debt extinguishment. These revenue streams are excluded from the scope of ASC 606 and is accounted for under other applicable U.S. GAAP provisions. Other income also consists ofincludes other miscellaneous fees, which are accounted for under ASC 606; however, much like service charges on deposit accounts, these fees have performance obligations that are very short-term in nature and are typically satisfied at a point in time. Revenue is typically recorded at the time these fees are collected, which is generally upon the completion the related transaction or service provided.

Other revenue streams that may be applicable to the Company include gains and losses from the sale of non-financialnonfinancial assets such as other real estate owned and property premises and equipment. The Company accounts for these revenue streams in accordance with ASC 610-20, which requires the Company to look to guidance in ASC 606 in the application of certain measurement and recognition concepts. The Company records gains and losses on the sale of non-financialnonfinancial assets when control of the asset has been surrendered to the buyer, which generally occurs at a specific point in time.

Practical Expedient

The Company also employs a practical expedient with respect to contract acquisition costs, which are generally capitalized and amortized into expense. These costs relate to expenses incurred directly attributable to the efforts to obtain a contract. The practical expedient allows the Company to immediately recognize contract acquisition costs in current period earnings when these costs would have been amortized over a period of one year or less.

At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, the Company did not have any material contract assets or liabilities in its consolidated financial statements related to revenue streams within the scope of ASC 606, and there were no material changes in those balances during the reporting period.


Note 15 – Subsequent Events

Quarterly Cash Dividend and Stock Repurchase Program

On October 18, 2019,April 24, 2020, the Corporation’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.22$0.25 per share, payable on NovemberMay 15, 20192020 to shareholders of record on November 1, 2019.May 8, 2020.

Redemption of Subordinated NotesThe Company has suspended its stock repurchase program indefinitely.

Pacific Premier Bancorp, Inc. and Opus Bank

On October 7, 2019,January 31, 2020, the Corporation and the Bank entered into a definitive agreement with Opus, pursuant to which the Company usedwill acquire Opus in an all-stock transaction valued at approximately $1.0 billion, or $26.82 per share, based on a portionclosing price for the Corporation’s common stock of $29.80 as of January 31, 2020. Based on the $18.84 closing price for the Corporation’s common stock as of March 31, 2020, the value of the proceedstransaction is approximately $653.3 million, or $16.96 per share. Upon consummation of the acquisition, holders of Opus common stock will have the right receive 0.90 shares of the Corporation’s common stock for each share of Opus stock. We expect to issue approximately 34.7 million shares of our common stock in the Opus acquisition.

The Corporation has received the required regulatory approvals from the issuanceBoard of Governors of the Notes II inFederal Reserve System and the California Department of Business Oversight for Opus to be merged into the Bank, and for the Bank to exercise trust powers. On May 20195, 2020, the Corporation’s and Opus’s shareholders completed approvals required for the acquisition. The transaction is expected to redeem all $3.1 million outstanding principal amountbe effective as of floating rate junior subordinated debt securities associated with Mission Community Capital Trust I, a statutory business trust created underJune 1, 2020, subject to the lawssatisfaction of customary closing conditions. For additional details, see “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Pending Acquisition of Opus.”

Impacts of the StateCOVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic was declared a Public Health Emergency of Delaware, assumed as partInternational Concern by the World Health Organization on January 30, 2020.  The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic global and national health emergency has caused significant disruption in the United States and international economies and financial markets. The operations and business results of the HEOP acquisition. PriorCompany could be materially adversely affected.  The extent to redemption,which the junior subordinated debt securities carried an interest rateCOVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, asset valuations, results of three-month LIBOR plus 2.95% per annum, for an effective rateoperations and financial condition, as well as our regulatory capital and liquidity ratios, will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of 5.25% per annum,the COVID-19 pandemic and were scheduled to mature on October 7, 2033. The junior subordinated debt securities were called at par, plus accruedactions taken by governmental authorities and unpaid interest, for an aggregate amount of $3.1 million, and the associated business trust was dissolved. The Company recorded a loss on early debt extinguishment of $290,000 related to purchase accounting fair value adjustments. For further detail on junior subordinated debt securities, see Note 8other third parties in response to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.COVID-19 pandemic. Material adverse impacts may include all or a combination of valuation impairments on our intangible assets, investments, loans, loan servicing rights and deferred tax assets.

Subsequent to March 31, 2020, the Company continued its efforts to support our customers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and monitor the Bank’s loan portfolio to identify potential at-risk segments and line of credit draws for deviations from normal activity, including but not limited to the following:

•
Participating in the Small Business Administration’s Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) that enabled the Company’s clients to utilize this valuable resource to help meet the costs associated with payroll, mortgage interest, rent and utilities. Through May 6, 2020, our team has executed over 3,700 PPP loans for approximately $1.12 billion through the program.


Implemented a temporary loan modification program for borrowers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, including payment deferrals, fee waivers and extensions of repayment terms. As of May 6, 2020, we have approved payment deferrals on 80 loans with a total recorded balance of $174.8 million pursuant to the COVID-19 modification program.



Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains information and statements that are considered “forward looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements represent plans, estimates, objectives, goals, guidelines, expectations, intentions, projections and statements of our beliefs concerning future events, business plans, objectives, expected operating results and the assumptions upon which those statements are based. Forward-looking statements include without limitation, any statement that may predict, forecast, indicate or imply future results, performance or achievements, and are typically identified with words such as “may,” “could,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” or words or phrases of similar meaning. We caution that the forward-looking statements are based largely on our expectations and are subject to a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties that are subject to change based on factors, which are, in many instances, beyond our control. Actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from those contemplated, expressed, or implied by the forward-looking statements.

The COVID-19 pandemic is adversely affecting us, our customers, counterparties, employees and third party service providers, and the ultimate extent of the impacts on our business, financial position, results of operations, liquidity, and prospects is uncertain. Continued deterioration in general business and economic conditions, including further increases in unemployment rates, or turbulence in domestic or global financial markets could adversely affect our revenues and the values of our assets and liabilities, reduce the availability of funding, lead to a tightening of credit, and further increase stock price volatility, which could result in impairment to our goodwill in future periods.  Changes to statutes, regulations, or regulatory policies or practices as a result of, or in response to COVID-19, could affect us in substantial and unpredictable ways, including the potential adverse impact of loan modifications and payment deferrals implemented consistent with recent regulatory guidance. In addition to the foregoing, the following additional factors, among others, could cause our financial performance to differ materially from that expressed in such forward-looking statements:

The strength of the U.S. economy in general and the strength of the local economies in which we conduct operations;
The effects of, and changes in, trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including interest rate policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”);
Inflation/deflation, interest rate, market and monetary fluctuations;
The effect of changes in accounting policies and practices or accounting standards, as may be adopted from time-to-time by bank regulatory agencies, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, FASB or other accounting standards setters, including ASU 2016-13 (Topic 326), “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” commonly referenced as the CECL model, which will change how we estimate credit losses and has increased the required level of our allowance for credit losses since adoption on January 1, 2020;
The effect of acquisitions we may make, such as our pending acquisition of Opus Bank, including, without limitation, the failure to achieve the expected revenue growth and/or expense savings from such acquisitions and/or the failure to effectively integrate an acquisition target into our operations;
The timely development of competitive new products and services and the acceptance of these products and services by new and existing customers;
The impact of changes in financial services policies, laws and regulations, including those concerning taxes, banking, securities and insurance, and the application thereof by regulatory bodies;
Inflation/deflation, interest rate, market and monetary fluctuations;
Uncertainty relating to the LIBORLondon Interbank Offering Rate (“LIBOR”) calculation process and potential phasing out of LIBOR after 2021;
The effecteffectiveness of changesour risk management framework and quantitative models;

Changes in accounting policies and practices or accounting standards, as may be adopted from time-to-time by bank regulatory agencies, the SEC, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the FASB or other accounting standards setters, including ASU 2016-13 (Topic 326), “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” commonly referenced as the Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”) model, which will change how we estimate credit losses and may increase the required level of our allowance for credit losses after adoption on January 1, 2020;nonperforming assets and charge-offs;
Possible credit-related impairments of securities held by us;
Possible impairment charges to goodwill;
The impact of current governmental efforts to restructure the U.S. financial regulatory system, including any amendments to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act;Act (“Dodd-Frank Act”);
Changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;
The effects of our lack of a diversified loan portfolio, including the risks of geographic and industry concentrations;
Our ability to attract deposits and other sources of liquidity;
The possibility that we may reduce or discontinue the payments of dividends on common stock;
Changes in the financial performance and/or condition of our borrowers;
Changes in the competitive environment among financial and bank holding companies and other financial service providers;
Public health crises and pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, and the effects on the economic and business environments in which we operate, including our credit quality and business operations, as well as the impact on general economic and financial market conditions;
Geopolitical conditions, including acts or threats of terrorism, actions taken by the United States or other governments in response to acts or threats of terrorism and/or military conflicts, which could impact business and economic conditions in the United States and abroad;
Cybersecurity threats and the cost of defending against them, including the costs of compliance with potential legislation to combat cybersecurity at a state, national or global level;
The effect of acquisitions we may make including, without limitation, the failure to achieve the expected revenue growth and/or expense savings from such acquisitions, and/or the failure to effectively integrate an acquisition target into our operations;
The timely development of competitive new products and services and the acceptance of these products and services by new and existing customers;
The effectiveness of our risk management framework and quantitative models;


Changes in the level of our nonperforming assets and charge-offs;
The effects of our lack of a diversified loan portfolio, including the risks of geographic and industry concentrations;
Our ability to attract deposits and other sources of liquidity;
Changes in the financial performance and/or condition of our borrowers;
Natural disasters, earthquakes, fires and severe weather;
Unanticipated regulatory, legal or judicial proceedings;
Ambiguity in the rules and regulatory guidance regarding the SBA PPP loan program; and
Our ability to manage the risks involved in the foregoing.
    
If one or more of the factors affecting our forward-looking information and statements proves incorrect, then our actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, forward-looking information and statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other reports and registration statements filed by us with the SEC. Therefore, we caution you not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking information and statements. We will not update the forward-looking information and statements to reflect actual results or changes in the factors affecting the forward-looking information and statements. For information on the factors that could cause actual results to differ from the expectations stated in the forward-looking statements, see “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A of our 2018 Annual Report2019 Form 10-K in addition to Part II, Item 1A - Risk Factors of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other reports as filed with the SEC.
 
Forward-looking information and statements should not be viewed as predictions, and should not be the primary basis upon which investors evaluate us. Any investor in our common stock should consider all risks and uncertainties disclosed in our filings with the SEC, all of which are accessible on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.
 

GENERAL
 
This discussion should be read in conjunction with our Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our 2018 Annual Report,2019 Form 10-K, plus the unaudited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the year ending December 31, 2019.2020.
 
The Corporation is a California-based bank holding company incorporated in the state of Delaware and registered as a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (“BHCA”). Our wholly owned subsidiary, Pacific Premier Bank, is a California state-chartered commercial bank. As a bank holding company, the Corporation is subject to regulation and supervision by the Federal Reserve. We are required to file with the Federal Reserve quarterly and annual reports and such additional information as the Federal Reserve may require pursuant to the BHCA. The Federal Reserve may conduct examinations of bank holding companies, such as the Corporation, and its subsidiaries. The Corporation is also a bank holding company within the meaning of the California Financial Code. As such, the Corporation and its subsidiaries are subject to examination by, and may be required to file reports with, the California Department of Business Oversight-Division of Financial Institutions (“DBO”).
 
A bank holding company, such as the Corporation, is required to serve as a source of financial strength to its subsidiary depository institutions and to commit resources to support such institutions in circumstances where it might not do so absent such a policy. The Federal Reserve, under the BHCA, has the authority to require a bank holding company to terminate any activity or to relinquish control of a nonbank subsidiary (other than a nonbank subsidiary of a bank) upon the Federal Reserve’s determination that such activity or control constitutes a serious risk to the financial soundness and stability of any bank subsidiary of the bank holding company.
    

As a California state-chartered commercial bank, which is a member of the Federal Reserve, the Bank is subject to supervision, periodic examination and regulation by the DBO, the Federal Reserve and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. The Bank’s deposits are insured by the FDIC through the Deposit Insurance Fund. In general terms, insurance coverage is up to $250,000 per depositor for all deposit accounts. As a result of this deposit insurance function, the FDIC also has certain supervisory authority and powers over the Bank. If, as a result of an examination of the Bank, the regulators should determine that the financial condition, capital resources, asset quality, earnings prospects, management, liquidity or other aspects of the Bank’s operations are unsatisfactory or that the Bank or our management is violating or has violated any law or regulation, various remedies are available to the regulators. Such remedies include the power to enjoin unsafe or unsound practices, to require affirmative action to correct any conditions resulting from any violation or practice, to issue an administrative order that can be judicially enforced, to direct an increase in capital, to restrict growth, to assess civil monetary penalties, to remove officers and directors and ultimately to request the FDIC to terminate the Bank’s deposit insurance. As a California-chartered commercial bank, the Bank is also subject to certain provisions of California law.
 
We provide banking services within our targeted markets in California, Arizona, Nevada and Washington
to businesses, including the owners and employees of those businesses, professionals, real estate investors and non-profit organizations, as well as consumers in the communities we serve. Additionally, through our Homeowners’ Associations (“HOA”) Banking and Lending and Franchise Capital units we can provide customized cash management, electronic banking services and credit facilities to HOAs, HOA management companies and quick service restaurant (“QSR”) franchise owners nationwide. Our corporate headquarters are located in Irvine, California. At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, the Bank operated 41 full-service depository branches located in California in the counties of Orange, Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara, California as well as markets in Pima and Maricopa Counties, Arizona, Clark County, Nevada and Clark County, Washington. Subsequent to March 31, 2020, one of our branches in San Diego county was closed and consolidated into another branch within the same county. After the consolidation, the Bank operates 40 full-service depository branches.


Through our branches and our web site at www.ppbi.com, we offer a broad array of deposit products and services for both business and consumer customers, including checking, money market and savings accounts, cash management services, electronic banking and on-line bill payment. We also offer a variety of loan products, including commercial business loans, lines of credit, commercial real estate loans, SBA loans, residential home loans and home equity loans. The Bank funds its lending and investment activities with retail and commercial deposits obtained through its branches, advances from the FHLB, lines of credit and wholesale and brokered certificates of deposit.
 
Our principal source of income is the net spread between interest earned on loans and investments and the interest costs associated with deposits and borrowings used to finance the loan and investment portfolios. Additionally, the Bank generates fee income from loan and investment sales and various products and services offered to both depository and loan customers.

COVID-19 Pandemic

The recent outbreak of the COVID-19, which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, has led to adverse impacts on economic conditions and created uncertainty in financial markets. Correspondingly, in early March 2020, the Company began preparing for potential disruptions and government limitations of activity in the markets in which we serve. Our team activated our Business Continuity Program and Pandemic Preparedness Plan and was able to quickly execute on multiple initiatives to adjust our operations to protect the health and safety of our employees and clients. As of the date of this report, we have 738 employees, 74% of our workforce, who are able to work remotely without impacting our productivity while continuing to provide a superior level of customer service. Since the beginning of the crisis, we have been in close contact with our clients, assessing the level of impact on their businesses, and putting a process in place to evaluate each client’s specific situation and provide relief programs where appropriate. We also enhanced awareness of digital banking offerings to ensure that we continue to provide a superior level of customer service. The Company’s branches remain open with reduced office hours and we have taken steps to comply with various government directives regarding “social distancing” to protect its clients and employees.

We were able to quickly establish our process for participating in the Small Business Administration’s (the “SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) that enabled our clients to utilize this valuable resource beginning in April 2020. Loans under the PPP are designed to provide assistance for small businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic to help meet the costs associated with payroll, mortgage interest, rent and utilities. These loans are guaranteed by the SBA and forgiveness of the loan, by the SBA, is granted to the borrower if the borrower uses at least 75% of the funds to cover the cost of payroll. Forgiveness is also based on the small business maintaining or quickly rehiring their employees and maintaining salary levels for their employees. The CARES Act authorized the SBA to guarantee $349 billion in loans under the program. Loans under the PPP do not require any collateral or personal guarantees and, as such, these loans are generally included within our commercial loans segment. These loans carry a fixed rate of 1.00% and have a two-year term, if not forgiven, in whole or in part. As the initial funding alloted for PPP loans had been fully committed in two weeks after it was opened on April 3, 2020, the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act was signed into law on April 24, 2020, which authorized an additional $310 billion for guarantees of PPP loans.

Through May 6, 2020, our team has executed over 3,700 PPP loans for approximately $1.12 billion in the two rounds of the program, which has allowed us to further strengthen and deepen our client relationships, while positively impacting thousands of individuals. We are also closely monitoring the credit quality of our loan portfolio and monitor line of credit draws for deviation from normal activity in an attempt to improve loan performance and reduce credit risk.


In keeping with regulatory guidance to work with borrowers during this unprecedented situation and as outlined in the CARES Act, the Bank is providing modifications where appropriate, including potential interest only payments or payment deferrals for clients that are adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act also addressed COVID-19 related modifications and specified that such modifications made on loans that were current as of December 31, 2019 are not classified as TDRs. In accordance with interagency guidance issued in April 2020, these short-term modifications made to a borrower affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and governmental shutdown orders, including payment deferrals, fee waivers and extensions of repayment terms, do not need to be identified as TDRs if the loans were current at the time a modification plan was implemented. As of May 6, 2020, we have approved payment deferrals on 80 loans with a total recorded balance of $174.8 million pursuant to the COVID-19 modification program.

Additionally, the CARES Act provides for relief on existing and new SBA loans through the Small Business Debt Relief. As part of the SBA Small Business Debt Relief, the SBA will automatically pay principal, interest and fees of certain SBA loans for a period of six months for both existing loans and new loans issued prior to September 27, 2020. At May 6, 2020, approximately 528 loans, representing approximately $156.1 million aggregate principal amount of qualifying loans, are eligible for this relief. The CARES Act also provides for mortgage payment relief and a foreclosure moratorium.

Given the fluidity of the situation, management cannot estimate the long term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic at this time. The Company has performed a goodwill impairment assessment, with the assistance from an independent third party, based on the 60-day average market price of the Company’s common stock as of the assessment date, March 31, 2020, and applied a 50% market participant acquisition premium based upon average observed control premiums for regional banks during the 2008 and 2009 financial crisis. As of March 31, 2020, our goodwill with a balance of $808.3 million was determined to not be impaired. At March 31, 2020, the Company remains well capitalized pursuant to all of its required regulatory capital ratios.

The preventative measures taken by various state and local governments, as well as the U.S. government, to stem the spread and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, have contributed to further strain on economic conditions. Certain businesses and service providers have not been able to conduct operations in their usual manner or have had to temporarily halt operations altogether. While the magnitude of the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic and the related preventative measures taken is uncertain and difficult to predict, we anticipate the COVID-19 pandemic to have an impact on the following:

•
Loan growth and interest income - Current weakness in economic activity may have an impact on our borrowers, the businesses they operate and their financial condition. If we experience a protracted decline in economic activity, our borrowers may have less demand for credit needed to invest in and expand their businesses and/or support their ongoing operations, and our retail borrowers may have less demand for real estate and consumer loans. Additionally, during the first quarter of 2020, the Federal Reserve’s Federal Open Market Committee reduced the federal funds rate to a range of 0% to 0.25%. The potential for a reduction in future loan growth in conjunction with the decline in interest rates may place pressure on the level of and yield on earnings assets which may negatively impact our interest income.

•
Credit quality - Increases in unemployment, declines in consumer confidence, and a reluctance on the part of businesses to invest in an expand their operations, among other things, may result in additional weakness in economic conditions, place strain on our borrowers and ultimately impact the credit quality of our loan portfolio. As a result, we may experience increases in the level of past due, nonaccrual and classified loans, as well as higher net charge-offs. Deterioration in credit quality in conjunction with weakness in current and expected economic conditions, may require us to record additional provisions for credit losses.


•
CECL - On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASC 326 requires the Company to measure credit losses on certain financial assets, such as loans and debt securities, using the CECL model. The CECL model for measuring credit losses is highly dependent upon expectations of future economic conditions and requires a considerable amount of judgment. Should expectations concerning future economic conditions continue to deteriorate, the Company may be required to record additional provisions for credit losses.

•
Impairment charges - Prolonged deterioration in economic conditions may adversely impact the Company’s operating results and the value of certain of our assets. As a result, the Company may be required to write-down the value of certain assets such as goodwill or deferred tax assets when there is evidence to suggest their value has become impaired or will not be realizable at a future date.

The U.S. Government in addition to other state and local policy makers have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic with actions geared to support not only the health and well-being of the public, but with actions to support consumers, businesses and the economy as a whole. However, the impact and overall effectiveness of these actions is difficult to determine at this time.


PENDING ACQUISITION OF OPUS

On February 3, 2020, the Corporation announced that, on January 31, 2020, the Corporation and the Bank had entered into a definitive agreement with Opus to acquire Opus in an all-stock transaction valued at approximately $1.0 billion, or $26.82 per share, based on a closing price for the Corporation’s common stock of $29.80 as of January 31, 2020. Based on the $18.84 closing price for the Corporation’s common stock as of March 31, 2020, the value of the transaction is approximately $653.3 million, or $16.96 per share.

Opus is a California-chartered state bank headquartered in Irvine, California with $8.4 billion in total assets, $6.0 billion in gross loans and $6.7 billion in total deposits as of March 31, 2020. Opus operates 46 banking offices located throughout California, Washington, Oregon and Arizona.

The consideration payable to Opus shareholders upon consummation of the acquisition will consist of whole shares of the Corporation’s common stock and cash in lieu of fractional shares of the Corporation’s common stock. Upon consummation of the transaction, (i) each share of Opus common stock, no par value per share, issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the acquisition will be canceled and exchanged for the right to receive 0.9000 shares of the Corporation’s common stock, and (ii) each share of Opus Series A noncumulative, non-voting preferred stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the acquisition will be converted into and canceled in exchange for the right to receive that number of shares of the Corporation’s common stock equal to the product of (X) the number of shares of Opus common stock into which such share of Opus preferred stock is convertible in connection with, and as a result of, the acquisition, and (Y) 0.9000, in each case, plus cash in lieu of fractional shares of the Corporation’s common stock. Existing Pacific Premier shareholders will own approximately 63% of the outstanding shares of the combined company, and Opus shareholders are expected to own approximately 37%. Opus directors who own shares of Opus common stock, certain executive officers and shareholders, who own in the aggregate approximately 19% of the outstanding shares of Opus common stock and approximately 98% of the outstanding shares of Opus preferred stock, have entered into agreements with the Corporation, the Bank and Opus pursuant to which they have committed to vote their shares of Opus common stock and Opus preferred stock in favor of the acquisition.

On April 3, 2020, the Corporation received the required regulatory approvals from the Federal Reserve and the DBO for Opus to be merged into the Bank, and for the Bank to exercise trust powers. On May 5, 2020, the Corporation’s and Opus’s shareholders completed approvals required for the acquisition. The transaction is expected to be effective on June 1, 2020, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.

For additional information about the proposed acquisition of Opus and receipt of regulatory approvals and shareholder approval, see the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 6, 2020 and the definitive agreement, Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 2, 2020 and Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 6, 2020.


CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Management has established various accounting policies that govern the application of U.S. GAAP in the preparation of our financial statements. Our significant accounting policies are described in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2018 Annual Report. 2019 Form 10-K.

On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted the provisions of ASC 326 - Financial Instruments - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The adoption of ASC 326 changes the way the Company estimates the allowance for credit losses on certain financial assets. The adoption of ASC 326 requires the Company to measure and record current expected credit losses for financial assets within the scope of ASC 326, which for the Company, currently consist substantially of loans, unfunded loan commitments and investment securities. Measuring credit losses under the CECL framework requires a significant amount of judgment, including the incorporation of reasonable and supportable forecasts about future conditions that may ultimately impact the level of credit losses the Company may recognize. Under the CECL framework, current expected credit losses, or lifetime losses, are recorded on financial assets within the scope of ASC 326 at the time of their origination or acquisition. The Company has provided a summary of its policy for the accounting for credit losses below. Please also see Note 2 - Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements as well as Note 3 - Significant Accounting Policies, of the consolidated financial statements for addition discussion on the adoption of ASC 326, as well as the Company’s policy for accounting for credit losses.

The following provides a summary of the Company’s policy for the accounting for the allowance for credit losses under ASC 326:

The Company accounts for credit losses on loans in accordance with ASC 326, which requires the Company to record an estimate of expected lifetime credit losses for loans at the time of origination or acquisition. The ACL is maintained at a level deemed appropriate by management to provide for expected credit losses in the portfolio as of the date of the consolidated statements of financial condition. Estimating expected credit losses requires management to use relevant forward-looking information, including the use of reasonable and supportable forecasts. The measurement of the ACL is performed by collectively evaluating loans with similar risk characteristics. The Company measures the ACL on commercial real estate loans and commercial loans using a discounted cash flow approach, and a historical loss rate methodology is used to determine the ACL on retail loans. The Company’s discounted cash flow methodology incorporates a probability of default and loss given default model, as well as expectations of future economic conditions, using reasonable and supportable forecasts. The use of reasonable and supportable forecasts require significant judgment, such as selecting forecast scenarios and related scenario-weighting, as well as determining the appropriate length of the forecast horizon. Management leverages economic projections from a reputable and independent third party to inform and provide its reasonable and supportable economic forecasts. Other internal and external indicators of economic forecasts may also be considered by management when developing the forecast metrics. The Company’s ACL model reverts to long-term average loss rates for purposes of estimating expected cash flows beyond a period deemed reasonable and supportable. The Company forecasts economic conditions and expected credit losses over a two-year time horizon before reverting to long-term average loss rates. The duration of the forecast horizon, the period over which forecasts revert to long-term averages, the economic forecasts that management utilizes, as well as additional internal and external indicators of economic forecasts that management considers, may change over time depending on the nature and composition of our loan portfolio. Changes in economic forecasts, in conjunction with changes in loan specific attributes, impact a loan’s probability of default and loss given default, which can drive changes in the determination of the ACL.


Expectations of future cash flows are discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. The resulting ACL represents the amount by which the loan’s amortized cost exceeds the net present value of a loan’s discounted cash flows. The ACL is recorded through a charge to provision for credit losses and is reduced by charge-offs, net of recoveries on loans previously charged-off. It is the Company’s policy to charge-off loan balances at the time they have been deemed uncollectable. Please also see Note 7 - Allowance for Credit Losses, of the consolidated financial statements for additional discussion concerning the Company’s ACL methodology, including discussion concerning economic forecasts used in the determination of the ACL and the estimated impact of COVID-19 on current expectations of economic conditions.

The Company’s ACL model also includes adjustments for qualitative factors, where appropriate. Since historical information (such as historical net losses and economic cycles) may not always, by themselves, provide a sufficient basis for determining future expected credit losses; the Company periodically considers the need for qualitative adjustments to the ACL. Qualitative adjustments may be related to and include, but not limited to factors such as: (i) management’s assessment of economic forecasts used in the model and how those forecasts align with management’s overall evaluation of current and expected economic conditions, (ii) organization specific risks such as credit concentrations, collateral specific risks, regulatory risks, and external factors that may ultimately impact credit quality, (iii) potential model limitations such as limitations identified through back-testing, and other limitations associated with factors such as underwriting changes, acquisition of new portfolios, changes in portfolio segmentation and (iv) management’s overall assessment of the adequacy of the ACL, including an assessment of model data inputs used to determine the ACL.

The Company has an internal loan review system designed to provide for the detection of problem loans. Problem loans are typically those of a substandard or worse internal risk grade, and may consist of loans on nonaccrual status, troubled debt restructurings, loans where the likelihood of foreclosure on underlying collateral has increased, collateral dependent loans and other loans where concern or doubt over the ultimate collectability of all contractual amounts due has become elevated. Such loans may, in the opinion of management, be deemed to no longer possess risk characteristics similar to other loans in the loan portfolio, and as such may require individual evaluation to determine an appropriate ACL for the loan. When a loan is individually evaluated, the Company typically measures the expected credit loss for the loan based on a discounted cash flow approach, unless the loan has been deemed collateral dependent. Collateral dependent loans are loans where the repayment of the loan is expected to come from the operation of and/or eventual liquidation of the underlying collateral. The ACL for collateral dependent loans is determined using estimates for the fair value of the underlying collateral, less costs to sell. Although management uses the best information available to derive estimates necessary to measure an appropriate level of the ACL, future adjustments to the ACL may be necessary due to economic, operating, regulatory and other conditions that may extend beyond the Company’s control.

Various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s ACL and loan review process. Such agencies may require the Company to recognize additions to the allowance based on judgments different from those of management.

Loans acquired through purchase or a business combination are recorded at their fair value at the acquisition date. The Company performs an assessment of acquired loans to first determine if such loans have experienced more than insignificant deterioration in credit quality since their origination and thus should be classified and accounted for as purchased credit deteriorated loans. For loans that have not experienced more than insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination, referred to as non-PCD loans, the Company records such loans at fair value, with any resulting discount or premium accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan using the interest method. Additionally, upon the purchase or acquisition of non-PCD loans, the Company measures and records an ACL based on the Company’s methodology for determining the ACL. The ACL for non-PCD loans is recorded through a charge to provision for credit losses in the period in which the loans were purchased or acquired.


Acquired loans that are classified as PCD are acquired at fair value, which includes any resulting premiums or discounts. Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted into interest income over the remaining life of the loan using the interest method. Unlike non-PCD loans, the initial ACL for PCD loans is established through an adjustment to the acquired loan balance and not through a charge to provision for credit losses in the period in which the loans were acquired. The ACL for PCD loans is determined with the use of the Company’s ACL methodology, and is recorded as an adjustment to the acquired loan balance on the date of acquisition. Characteristics of PCD loans include: delinquency, downgrade in credit quality since origination, loans on nonaccrual status and/or other factors the Company may become aware of through its initial analysis of acquired loans that may indicate there has been more than insignificant deterioration in credit quality since a loan’s origination. As of January 1, 2020 and March 31, 2020, there were no loans classified as PCD.

Subsequent to acquisition, the ACL for both non-PCD and PCD loans are determined with the use of the Company’s ACL methodology in the same manner as all other loans.

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the provisions of ASC 842 - Leases. The provisions of ASC 842 change the way the Company accounts for its leases by requiring liabilities to make lease payments and corresponding rights to use underlying leased assets to be recorded in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The following provides a summary of the Company’s policy for the accounting of leases:

Leases–The Company accounts for its leases in accordance with ASC 842, which requires the Company to record liabilities for future lease obligations as well as assets representing the right to use the underlying leased asset. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are accounted for using straight-line expense recognition with no liability or asset being recorded for such leases. Other than short-term leases, the Company classifies its leases as either finance leases or operating leases. Leases are classified as finance leases when any of the following are met: (a) the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the Company by the end of the lease term, (b) the lease contains an option to purchase the underlying asset that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, (c) the term of the lease represents a major part of the remaining life of the underlying asset, (d) the present value of the future lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset, or (e) the underling leased asset is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term due to its specialized nature. When the Company’s assessment of a lease does not meet the foregoing criteria, and the term of the lease is in excess of 12 months, the lease is classified as an operating lease.

Liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets are determined based on the total contractual base rents for each lease, discounted at the rate implicit in the lease or at the Company’s estimated incremental borrowing rate if the rate is not implicit in the lease. The Company measures future base rents based on the minimum payments specified in the lease agreement, giving consideration for periodic contractual rent increases which are based on an escalation rate or a specified index. When future rent payments are based on an index, the Company uses the index rate observed at the time of lease commencement to measure future lease payments. Liabilities to make lease payments are accounted for using the interest method, which are reduced by periodic rent payments, net of interest accretion. Right-of-use assets for finance leases are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, while right-of-use assets for operating leases are amortized over the term of the lease by amounts that represent the difference between periodic straight-line lease expense and periodic interest accretion on the related liability to make lease payments. Expense recognition for finance leases is representative of the sum of periodic amortization of the associated right-of-use asset as well as the periodic interest accretion on the liability to make lease payments. Expense recognition for operating leases is recorded on a straight-line basis. As of September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, all of the Company’s leases were classified as either operating leases or short-term leases.

From time to time the Company leases portions of the space it leases to other parties through sublease transactions. Income received from these transactions is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the sublease.


Other than the foregoing discussion concerning the accounting for the allowance for credit losses and the accounting for leases, there have been no other significant changes to our Critical Accounting Policiescritical accounting policies from that described in our 2018 Annual Report.2019 Form 10-K.
 
Certain accounting policies require management to make estimates and assumptions, which have a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities; management considers these to be critical accounting policies. The estimates and assumptions management uses are based on historical experience and other factors, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates and assumptions, which could have a material impact on the carrying value of assets and liabilities at balance sheet dates and our results of operations for future reporting periods.

We consider the ALLL to be a critical accounting policy that requires judicious estimates and assumptions in the preparation of our financial statements that is particularly susceptible to significant change. For further information, see “Allowance for Loan Losses” discussed in Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2018 Annual Report.

GRANDPOINT ACQUISITION
Effective July 1, 2018, the Company acquired Grandpoint and its wholly-owned bank subsidiary, Grandpoint Bank, a California-chartered bank headquartered in Los Angeles, California, pursuant to the terms of a definitive agreement entered into by the Corporation and Grandpoint on February 9, 2018. As a result of the Grandpoint acquisition, the Company acquired and recorded at the acquisition date assets with a fair value of approximately $3.08 billion, including:
$2.35 billion of gross loans;
$312.6 million in goodwill;
$147.6 million of cash and cash equivalents;
$392.9 million of investment securities;
$97.0 million of other types of assets;
$9.1 million in fixed assets;
$5.0 million of deterred tax assets; and
$71.9 million of a core deposit intangible.

Also as a result of the Grandpoint acquisition, the Company recorded a final value of approximately $602.2 million after approximately $28.1 million in aggregate cash consideration in connection with the Corporation’s stock issued to Grandpoint shareholders as part of the acquisition consideration. The transaction consideration represented the issuance of 15,758,089 shares of the Corporation’s common stock, valued at $38.15 per share, which was the closing price of the Corporation’s common stock on June 29, 2018, the last trading day prior to the consummation of the Merger. The Company assumed at acquisition date liabilities with a fair value of approximately $2.79 billion, including:
$2.51 billion in deposit transaction accounts;
$254.9 million in borrowings; and
$24.9 million other liabilities.

The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were determined based on the requirements of FASB ASC Topic 820: Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. Such fair values are preliminary estimates and are subject to adjustment for up to one year after the merger date or when additional information relative to the closing date fair values becomes available and such information is considered final, whichever is earlier. During the second quarter of 2019, the Company finalized its fair values with this acquisition.
The integration and system conversion of Grandpoint was completed in October 2018.


NON-U.S. GAAPNON-GAAP MEASURES

The Company uses certain non-GAAP financial measures to provide meaningful supplemental information regarding the Company’s operational performance and to enhance investors’ overall understanding of such financial performance. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s financial performance, financial position or cash flows that exclude (or include) amounts that are included in (or excluded from) the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. However, these non-GAAP financial measures are supplemental and are not a substitute for an analysis based on GAAP measures and may not be comparable to non-GAAP financial measures that may be presented by other companies.

For periods presented below, return on average tangible common equity is a non-U.S. GAAPnon-GAAP financial measure derived from U.S. GAAP-based amounts. We calculate this figure by excluding CDI amortization expense and excluding the average CDI and average goodwill from the average stockholders’ equity during the period. Management believes that the exclusion of such items from this financial measure provides useful information to gain an understanding of the operating results of our core business.

 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Three Months Ended
 September 30, June 30, September 30, September 30, March 31, December 31, March 31,
 2019 2019 2018 2019 2018 2020 2019 2019
 (dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Net income $41,375
 $38,527
 $28,392
 $118,620
 $83,697
 $25,740
 $41,098
 $38,718
Plus: CDI amortization expense 4,281
 4,281
 4,693
 12,998
 8,963
 3,965
 4,247
 4,436
Less: CDI amortization expense tax adjustment (1)
 1,240
 1,240
 1,011
 3,768
 2,178
 1,137
 1,218
 1,288
Net income for average tangible common equity $44,416
 $41,568
 $32,074
 $127,850
 $90,482
 $28,568
 $44,127
 $41,866
                
Average stockholders’ equity $1,990,311
 $1,999,986
 $1,908,398
 $1,994,047
 $1,483,711
 $2,037,126
 $2,004,815
 $1,991,861
Less: average CDI 90,178
 94,460
 108,258
 94,508
 63,657
 81,744
 85,901
 98,984
Less: average goodwill 808,322
 808,778
 805,116
 808,607
 598,654
 808,322
 808,322
 808,726
Average tangible common equity $1,091,811
 $1,096,748
 $995,024
 $1,090,932
 $821,400
 $1,147,060
 $1,110,592
 $1,084,151
                
Return on average equity (2)
 8.32% 7.71% 5.95% 7.93% 7.52% 5.05% 8.20% 7.78%
Return on average tangible common equity (2)
 16.27% 15.16% 12.89% 15.63% 14.69% 9.96% 15.89% 15.45%

(1) CDI amortization expense adjusted by statutory tax rate.
(2) Ratio is annualized.

    


Tangible book value per share and tangible common equity to tangible assets (the “tangible common equity ratio”) are non-U.S. GAAPnon-GAAP financial measures derived from U.S. GAAP-based amounts. We calculate tangible book value per share by dividing tangible common stockholder’s equity by shares outstanding. We calculate the tangible common equity ratio by excluding the balance of intangible assets from common stockholders’ equity and dividing by period end tangible assets, which also exclude intangible assets. We believe that this information is important to shareholders as tangible equity is a measure that is consistent with the calculation of capital for bank regulatory purposes, which excludes intangible assets from the calculation of risk-based ratios.


PACIFIC PREMIER BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
U.S. GAAP Reconciliation
September 30, December 31,March 31, December 31,
2019 20182020 2019
(dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Total stockholders’ equity$1,988,998
 $1,969,697
$2,002,917
 $2,012,594
Less: Intangible assets895,882
 909,282
887,671
 891,634
Tangible common equity$1,093,116
 $1,060,415
$1,115,246
 $1,120,960
      
Book value per share$33.50
 $31.52
$33.40
 $33.82
Less: intangible book value per share15.09
 14.55
14.80
 14.98
Tangible book value per share$18.41
 $16.97
$18.60
 $18.84
      
Total assets$11,811,497
 $11,487,387
$11,976,209
 $11,776,012
Less: Intangible assets895,882
 909,282
887,671
 891,634
Tangible assets$10,915,615
 $10,578,105
$11,088,538
 $10,884,378
      
Tangible common equity ratio10.01% 10.02%10.06% 10.30%
    


For periods presented below, efficiency ratio is a non-U.S. GAAPnon-GAAP financial measure derived from U.S. GAAP-based amounts. This figure represents the ratio of noninterest expense less other real estate owned operations, core deposit intangible amortization and merger-related expense to the sum of net interest income before provision for loan losses and total noninterest income, less gain/(loss) on sale of securities, other-than-temporary impairment recovery/(loss) on investment securities, gain/(loss) on sale of other real estate owned and gain/(loss) from debt extinguishment. Management believes that the exclusion of such items from this financial measure provides useful information to gain an understanding of the operating results of our core business.

 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Three Months Ended
 September 30, June 30, September 30, September 30, March 31, December 31, March 31,
 2019 2019 2018 2019 2018 2020 2019 2019
 (dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Total noninterest expense $65,336
 $63,936
 $82,782
 $192,849
 $182,666
 $66,631
 $66,216
 $63,577
Less: CDI amortization 4,281
 4,281
 4,693
 12,998
 8,963
 3,965
 4,247
 4,436
Less: merger-related expense (4) 5
 13,978
 656
 15,857
 1,724
 —
 655
Less: other real estate owned operations, net 64
 62
 —
 129
 3
 14
 31
 3
Noninterest expense, adjusted $60,995
 $59,588
 $64,111
 $179,066
 $157,843
 $60,928
 $61,938
 $58,483
                
Net interest income before provision for loan losses $112,335
 $110,641
 $112,713
 $334,382
 $275,165
 $109,175
 $112,919
 $111,406
Add: total noninterest income loss 11,430
 6,324
 8,240
 25,435
 24,057
 14,475
 9,801
 7,681
Less: net gain loss from investment securities 4,261
 212
 1,063
 4,900
 1,399
 7,760
 3,671
 427
Less: OTTI impairment - securities 2
 —
 
 2
 4
Less: net gain (loss) from other real estate owned (20) 72
 (6) (52) (24)
Less net gain (loss) from debt extinguishment (214) —
 —
 (214) —
 —
 (398) —
Revenue, adjusted $119,736
 $116,681
 $119,896
 $355,181
 $297,843
 $115,890
 $119,447
 $118,660
                
Efficiency ratio 50.9% 51.1% 53.5% 50.4% 53.0% 52.6% 51.9% 49.3%
    


Core net interest income and core net interest margin are non-U.S. GAAPnon-GAAP financial measures derived from U.S. GAAP-based amounts. We calculate core net interest income by excluding scheduled accretion income, accelerated accretion income, premium amortization on CD mark-to-market and nonrecurring nonaccrual interest paid from net interest income. The core net interest margin is calculated as the ratio of core net interest income to average interest-earning assets. Management believes that the exclusion of such items from this financial measure provides useful information to gain an understanding of the operating results of our core business.

 Three Months Ended
 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended March 31, December 31, March 31,
 September 30, June 30, September 30, September 30, September 30, 2020 2019 2019
 2019 2019 2018 2019 2018 (Dollars in thousands)
Net interest income $112,335
 $110,641
 $112,713
 $334,382
 $275,165
 $109,175
 $112,919
 $111,406
Less: scheduled accretion income 2,161
 2,387
 2,837
 7,121
 6,190
 1,793
 2,030
 2,573
Less: accelerated accretion income 3,865
 2,563
 1,302
 7,660
 3,581
 2,312
 3,798
 1,232
Less: CD mark-to-market 124
 124
 491
 449
 1,326
Less: premium amortization on CD 63
 72
 201
Less: nonrecurring nonaccrual interest paid 37
 107
 380
 302
 380
 —
 168
 161
Core net interest income $106,148
 $105,460
 $107,703
 $318,850
 $263,688
 $105,007
 $106,851
 $107,239
                
Average interest-earning assets $10,228,878
 $10,363,988
 $10,202,222
 $10,310,300
 $8,314,759
 $10,363,570
 $10,347,009
 $10,339,248
                
Net interest margin 4.36% 4.28% 4.38% 4.34% 4.42% 4.24% 4.33% 4.37%
Core net interest margin 4.12% 4.08% 4.19% 4.13% 4.24% 4.08% 4.10% 4.21%


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
     
The following table presents the components of results of operations, share data and performance ratios for the periods indicated:
 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Three Months Ended
 September 30, June 30, September 30, September 30, March 31, December 31, March 31,
 2019 2019 2018 2019 2018 2020 2019 2019
 (dollar in thousands, except per share data and percentages) (Dollar in thousands, except per share data and percentages)
Operating Data                
Interest income $132,604
 $132,414
 $128,876
 $396,261
 $312,402
 $123,789
 $129,846
 $131,243
Interest expense 20,269
 21,773
 16,163
 61,879
 37,237
 14,614
 16,927
 19,837
Net interest income 112,335
 110,641
 112,713
 334,382
 275,165
 109,175
 112,919
 111,406
Provision for credit losses 1,562
 334
 1,981
 3,422
 5,995
 25,454
 2,297
 1,526
Net interest income after provision for credit losses 110,773
 110,307
 110,732
 330,960
 269,170
 83,721
 110,622
 109,880
Net gains from loan sales 2,313
 902
 2,029
 4,944
 8,830
 771
 1,698
 1,729
Other noninterest income 9,117
 5,422
 6,211
 20,491
 15,227
 13,704
 8,103
 5,952
Noninterest expense 65,336
 63,936
 82,782
 192,849
 182,666
 66,631
 66,216
 63,577
Income before income tax 56,867
 52,695
 36,190
 163,546
 110,561
 31,565
 54,207
 53,984
Income tax 15,492
 14,168
 7,798
 44,926
 26,864
 5,825
 13,109
 15,266
Net income $41,375
 $38,527
 $28,392
 $118,620
 $83,697
 $25,740
 $41,098
 $38,718
Share Data                
Net income per share:                
Basic $0.69
 $0.62
 $0.46
 $1.93
 $1.63
 $0.43
 $0.69
 $0.62
Diluted 0.69
 0.62
 0.46
 1.92
 1.61
 0.43
 0.69
 0.62
Dividends declared per share 0.22
 0.22
 —
 0.66
 —
 0.25
 0.22
 0.22
Dividend payout ratio (1)
 31.86% 35.42% —% 34.21% —% 57.83% 31.81% 35.54%
Performance Ratios                
Return on average assets (2)
 1.44% 1.33% 1.00% 1.37% 1.21% 0.89% 1.42% 1.34%
Return on average equity (2)
 8.32
 7.71
 5.95
 7.93
 7.52
 5.05
 8.20
 7.78
Return on average tangible common equity (2)
 16.27
 15.16
 12.89
 15.63
 14.69
 9.96
 15.89
 15.45
Average equity to average assets 17.36
 17.26
 16.76
 17.28
 16.14
 17.57
 17.32
 17.23
Efficiency ratio (3)
 50.9
 51.1
 53.5
 50.4
 53.0
 52.6
 51.9
 49.3
          
(1) Dividend payout ratio is defined as dividends declared per share divided by basic earnings per share.
(2) Ratio is annualized.
(3) Represents the ratio of noninterest expense less other real estate owned operations, core deposit intangible amortization and merger-related expense to the sum of net interest income before provision for credit losses and total noninterest income, less gains/(loss) on sale of securities, other-than-temporary impairment recovery/(loss) on investment securities, and gain/(loss) from other real estate owned and gain/(loss) from debt extinguishment.

(1) Dividend payout ratio is defined as dividends declared per share divided by basic earnings per share.
(2) Ratio is annualized.
(3) Represents the ratio of noninterest expense less other real estate owned operations, core deposit intangible amortization and merger-related expense to the sum of net interest income before provision for credit losses and total noninterest income, less gains/(loss) on sale of securities, other-than-temporary impairment recovery/(loss) on investment securities, and gain/(loss) from other real estate owned and gain/(loss) from debt extinguishment.


    


In the thirdfirst quarter of 2019,2020, we reported net income of $41.4$25.7 million, or $0.69$0.43 per diluted share. This compares with net income of $38.5 million, or $0.62 per diluted share, for the second quarter of 2019. The increase was driven by a $5.1 million increase in noninterest income and a $1.7 million increase in net interest income, partially offset by $1.4 million increase in noninterest expense and increases in income tax expense of $1.3 million and provision for credit losses of $1.2 million.

Net income of $41.4$41.1 million, or $0.69 per diluted share, for the thirdfourth quarter of 20192019. The decrease was driven by a $23.2 million increase in provision for credit losses, a $3.7 million decrease in net interest income and a $415,000 increase in noninterest expense, partially offset by a$4.7 million increase in noninterest income and a decrease in income tax expense of $7.3 million.

Net income of $25.7 million, or $0.43 per diluted share, for the first quarter of 2020 compares to net income for the thirdfirst quarter of 20182019 of $28.4$38.7 million, or $0.46$0.62 per diluted share. The increasedecrease in net income of $13.0 million during the thirdfirst quarter of 20192020 compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 20182019 was primarily due to a $17.4$23.9 million increase in provision for credit losses, a $3.1 million increase in noninterest expense, and a $2.2 million decrease in noninterest expense, including a $14.0 million decline in merger-related expense and a $2.4 million decrease in compensation and benefits expense, and a $3.2 million increase in noninterestnet interest income, partially offset by a $7.7$9.4 million increasedecrease in income tax expense and a $378,000 decrease in net interest income. The decrease in net interest income was a result of an$6.8 million increase in our cost of funds since the end of the third quarter of 2018, partially offset by average interest-earning asset growth of $26.7 million, which resulted primarily from investment securities purchases and organic loan growth since the end of the third quarter of 2018.noninterest income.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, the Company’s return on average assets was 1.44%0.89% and return on average tangible common equity was 16.27%9.96%. For the three months ended June 30,December 31, 2019, the return on average assets was 1.33%1.42% and the return on average tangible common equity was 15.16%15.89%. For the three months ended September 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, the return on average assets was 1.00%1.34% and the return on average tangible common equity was 12.89%15.45%.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded net income of $118.6 million, or $1.92 per diluted share. This compares with net income of $83.7 million or $1.61 per diluted share for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in net income of $34.9 million was mostly due to the $59.2 million increase in net interest income, partially offset by $18.1 million increase in income tax expense. The increase in net interest income was partially offset by growth in noninterest expense of $10.2 million, including increases in all major categories, including $6.7 million in compensation and benefits expenses, $5.6 million in premises and occupancy expense, $4.0 million in CDI amortization, $3.9 million in deposit expense, $2.7 million in legal, audit and professional expense and $2.6 million in other expense, partially offset by a $15.2 million decrease in merger related expense. Prior period comparisons for the year-to-date results are impacted by the acquisition of Grandpoint in the third quarter of 2018.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company’s return on average assets was 1.37% and return on average tangible common equity was 15.63%, compared with a return on average assets of 1.21% and a return on average tangible common equity of 14.69% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.


Net Interest Income
 
Our primary source of revenue is net interest income, which is the difference between the interest earned on loans, investment securities and interest earning balances with financial institutions (“interest-earning assets”) and the interest paid on deposits and borrowings (“interest-bearing liabilities”). Net interest margin is net interest income expressed as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. Net interest income is affected by changes in both interest rates and the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.

Net interest income totaled $112.3$109.2 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2019, an increase2020, a decrease of $1.7$3.7 million, or 1.5%3.3%, from the secondfourth quarter of 2019. The increasedecrease in net interest income reflected lower average loan balances and yields, lower accretion income and one moreless day of interest, higher accretion and loan-related fee income,partially offset by a lower cost of funds driven primarily by higher average balances of noninterest bearing deposits, lower average balances of Federal Home Loan Bankretail and brokered certificates of San Francisco (“FHLB”) advancesdeposit, and lower rates partially offset by slightly lower interest-earning asset yields and average balances.paid on deposits.

The net interest margin for the thirdfirst quarter of 20192020 was 4.36%4.24%, compared with 4.28%4.33% in the prior quarter. The increasedecrease was primarily driven by higherlower accretion income of $6.0$4.1 million compared to $5.0$5.8 million in the prior quarter. Our core net interest margin, which excludes the impact of accretion, increased fourdecreased two basis points to 4.12%4.08%, compared to 4.08%4.10% in the prior quarter. The increasedecrease in our core net interest margin was primarily attributable to higher loan-related feeslower average loan balances and yields, partially offset by a lower cost of funds.
    
Net interest income for the thirdfirst quarter of 20192020 decreased $378,000, or 0.3%, compared to the third quarter of 2018. The decrease was primarily related to an increase in cost of funds since the end of the third quarter of 2018, partially offset by an increase in average interest-earning asset balances, which resulted primarily from investment securities purchases and organic loan growth since the end of the third quarter of 2018.

For the first nine months ended 2019, net interest income increased $59.2$2.2 million, or 21.5%2.0%, compared to the first nine months ended 2018.quarter of 2019. The increasedecrease was relatedprimarily attributable to an increaselower loan yields and a $221.9 million decrease in average interest-earning assetsloan balances, partially offset by a lower cost of $2.0 billion, which resulted primarily from our acquisition of Grandpoint in the third quarter of 2018, and organic loan growth since the end of the first nine months ended 2018.funds.



The following table presents the interest spread, net interest margin, average balances calculated based on daily average, interest income and yields earned on average interest‑earning assets and interest expense and rates paid on average interest‑bearing liabilities, and the average yield/rate by asset and liability component for the periods indicated:
 Average Balance Sheet Average Balance Sheet
 Three Months Ended Three Months Ended
 September 30, 2019 June 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 March 31, 2019
 
Average
Balance
 Interest 
Average
Yield/Cost
 
Average
Balance
 Interest 
Average
Yield/Cost
 
Average
Balance
 Interest 
Average
Yield/Cost
 
Average
Balance
 Interest 
Average
Yield/Cost
 
Average
Balance
 Interest 
Average
Yield/Cost
 
Average
Balance
 Interest 
Average
Yield/Cost
Assets (dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:                                    
Cash and cash equivalents $188,693
 $403
 0.85% $187,963
 $435
 0.93% $339,064
 $898
 1.05% $215,746
 $216
 0.40% $201,161
 $283
 0.56% $173,613
 $378
 0.88%
Investment securities 1,311,649
 9,227
 2.81
 1,396,585
 10,119
 2.90
 1,198,362
 8,707
 2.91
 1,502,572
 10,308
 2.74
 1,445,158
 10,210
 2.83
 1,298,476
 9,389
 2.89
Loans receivable, net (1)(2)
 8,728,536
 122,974
 5.59
 8,779,440
 121,860
 5.57
 8,664,796
 119,271
 5.46
 8,645,252
 113,265
 5.27
 8,700,690
 119,353
 5.44
 8,867,159
 121,476
 5.56
Total interest-earning assets 10,228,878
 132,604
 5.14
 10,363,988
 132,414
 5.12
 10,202,222
 128,876
 5.01
 10,363,570
 123,789
 4.80
 10,347,009
 129,846
 4.98
 10,339,248
 131,243
 5.15
Noninterest-earning assets 1,232,963
     1,221,985
     1,185,882
     1,227,766
     1,230,083
     1,224,281
    
Total assets $11,461,841
     $11,585,973
     $11,388,104
     $11,591,336
     $11,577,092
     $11,563,529
    
Liabilities and equity                                    
Interest-bearing deposits:                                    
Interest checking $553,588
 $688
 0.49
 $543,473
 $535
 0.39
 $532,246
 $480
 0.36
 $576,203
 $609
 0.43
 $563,357
 $643
 0.45
 $536,117
 $474
 0.36
Money market 3,107,570
 7,736
 0.99
 2,978,065
 7,305
 0.98
 3,143,556
 6,391
 0.81
 3,161,867
 6,071
 0.77
 3,184,267
 6,704
 0.84
 2,912,819
 6,534
 0.91
Savings 239,601
 103
 0.17
 242,483
 92
 0.15
 264,453
 97
 0.15
 238,848
 97
 0.16
 236,970
 101
 0.17
 249,621
 86
 0.14
Retail certificates of deposit 1,044,174
 4,867
 1.85
 1,025,404
 4,610
 1.80
 1,059,416
 3,417
 1.28
 936,489
 3,464
 1.49
 998,594
 4,272
 1.70
 1,001,344
 4,058
 1.64
Wholesale/brokered certificates of deposit 398,110
 2,484
 2.48
 555,963
 3,449
 2.49
 316,524
 1,557
 1.95
 43,432
 246
 2.28
 233,470
 1,424
 2.42
 373,822
 2,132
 2.31
Total interest-bearing deposits 5,343,043
 15,878
 1.18
 5,345,388
 15,991
 1.20
 5,316,195
 11,942
 0.89
 4,956,839
 10,487
 0.85
 5,216,658
 13,144
 1.00
 5,073,723
 13,284
 1.06
FHLB advances and other borrowings 214,264
 1,214
 2.25
 491,706
 3,083
 2.51
 473,197
 2,494
 2.09
 337,551
 1,081
 1.29
 153,333
 730
 1.89
 770,331
 4,802
 2.53
Subordinated debentures 222,715
 3,177
 5.71
 183,639
 2,699
 5.88
 110,203
 1,727
 6.27
 215,190
 3,046
 5.66
 215,250
 3,053
 5.67
 110,340
 1,751
 6.35
Total borrowings 436,979
 4,391
 3.99
 675,345
 5,782
 3.43
 583,400
 4,221
 2.87
 552,741
 4,127
 3.00
 368,583
 3,783
 4.07
 880,671
 6,553
 3.02
Total interest-bearing liabilities 5,780,022
 20,269
 1.39
 6,020,733
 21,773
 1.45
 5,899,595
 16,163
 1.09
 5,509,580
 14,614
 1.07
 5,585,241
 16,927
 1.20
 5,954,394
 19,837
 1.35
Noninterest-bearing deposits 3,533,797
     3,426,508
     3,473,056
     3,898,399
     3,814,809
     3,480,791
    
Other liabilities 157,711
     138,746
     107,055
     146,231
     172,227
     136,483
    
Total liabilities 9,471,530
     9,585,987
     9,479,706
     9,554,210
     9,572,277
     9,571,668
    
Stockholders’ equity 1,990,311
     1,999,986
     1,908,398
     2,037,126
     2,004,815
     1,991,861
    
Total liabilities and equity $11,461,841
     $11,585,973
     $11,388,104
     $11,591,336
     $11,577,092
     $11,563,529
    
Net interest income   $112,335
     $110,641
     $112,713
     $109,175
     $112,919
     $111,406
  
                                    
Net interest margin (3)
     4.36%     4.28%     4.38%     4.24%     4.33%     4.37%
Cost of deposits     0.71
     0.73
     0.54
     0.48
     0.58
     0.63
Cost of funds (4)
     0.86
     0.92
     0.68
     0.62
     0.71
     0.85
Ratio of interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilitiesRatio of interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities 176.97
     172.14
     172.93
Ratio of interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities 188.10
     185.26
     173.64
                  
(1) Average balance includes loans held for sale and nonperforming loans and is net of deferred loan origination fees/costs and discounts/premiums.
(2) Interest income includes net discount accretion of $6.0 million, $5.0 million and $4.1 million, respectively.
(3) Represents annualized net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.
(4) Represents annualized total interest expense divided by the sum of average total interest-bearing liabilities and noninterest-bearing deposits.

(1) Average balance includes loans held for sale and nonperforming loans and is net of deferred loan origination fees/costs and discounts/premiums.

(2) Interest income includes net discount accretion of $4.1 million, $5.8 million and $3.8 million, respectively.
(3) Represents annualized net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.
(4) Represents annualized total interest expense divided by the sum of average total interest-bearing liabilities and noninterest-bearing deposits.
 Average Balance Sheet
 Nine Months Ended
 September 30,
 2019 2018
 
Average
Balance
 Interest 
Average
Yield/Cost
 
Average
Balance
 Interest 
Average
Yield/Cost
Assets(dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:           
Cash and cash equivalents$183,478
 $1,216
 0.89% $218,156
 $1,488
 0.91%
Investment securities1,335,618
 28,735
 2.87
 1,035,464
 21,845
 2.81
Loans receivable, net (1)(2)
8,791,204
 366,310
 5.57
 7,061,139
 289,069
 5.47
Total interest-earning assets10,310,300
 396,261
 5.14
 8,314,759
 312,402
 5.02
Noninterest-earning assets1,226,442
     877,794
    
Total assets$11,536,742
     $9,192,553
    
Liabilities and equity           
Interest-bearing deposits:           
Interest checking$544,457
 $1,697
 0.42
 $410,700
 $711
 0.23
Money market3,000,198
 21,575
 0.96
 2,509,753
 13,493
 0.72
Savings243,865
 281
 0.15
 235,975
 259
 0.15
Retail certificates of deposit1,023,798
 13,535
 1.77
 853,803
 7,096
 1.11
Wholesale/brokered certificates of deposit442,721
 8,065
 2.44
 347,663
 4,053
 1.56
Total interest-bearing deposits5,255,039
 45,153
 1.15
 4,357,894
 25,612
 0.79
FHLB advances and other borrowings490,062
 9,099
 2.48
 478,814
 6,642
 1.85
Subordinated debentures172,644
 7,627
 5.89
 106,877
 4,983
 6.22
Total borrowings662,706
 16,726
 3.37
 585,691
 11,625
 2.65
Total interest-bearing liabilities5,917,745
 61,879
 1.40
 4,943,585
 37,237
 1.01
Noninterest-bearing deposits3,480,560
     2,686,654
    
Other liabilities144,390
     78,603
    
Total liabilities9,542,695
     7,708,842
    
Stockholders’ equity1,994,047
     1,483,711
    
Total liabilities and equity$11,536,742
     $9,192,553
    
Net interest income  $334,382
     $275,165
  
            
Net interest margin (3)
    4.34%     4.42%
Cost of deposits    0.69
     0.49
Cost of funds (4)
    0.88
     0.65
Ratio of interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities    174.23
     168.19
            
(1) Average balance includes loans held for sale and nonperforming loans and is net of deferred loan origination fees/costs and discounts/premiums.
(2) Interest income includes net discount accretion of $14.8 million and $9.8 million, respectively.
(3) Represents annualized net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.
(4) Represents annualized total interest expense divided by the sum of average total interest-bearing liabilities and noninterest-bearing deposits.


Changes in our net interest income are a function of changes in volumes, days in a period and rates of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The following table presentstables present the impact that the volume, days in a period and rate changes have had on our net interest income for the periods indicated. For each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, we have provided information on changes to our net interest income with respect to:
 
Changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate);
Changes in days in a period (changes in days in a period multiplied by daily interest);
Changes in interest rates (changes in interest rates multiplied by prior volume and includes the recognition of discounts/premiums and deferred fees/costs); and
The net change or the combined impact of volume, days in a period and rate changes allocated proportionately to changes in volume, days in a period and changes in interest rates.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Compared to
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
Increase (decrease) due to		Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Compared to
Three Months Ended December 31, 2019
Increase (Decrease) Due to
Volume Days Rate NetVolume Days Rate Net
(dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets              
Cash and cash equivalents$2
 $4
 $(38) $(32)$22
 $(2) $(87) $(67)
Investment securities(591) —
 (301) (892)491
 —
 (393) 98
Loans receivable, net(586) 1,337
 363
 1,114
(821) (1,245) (4,022) (6,088)
Total interest-earning assets(1,175) 1,341
 24
 190
(308) (1,247) (4,502) (6,057)
Interest-bearing liabilities 
    
  
 
    
  
Interest checking10
 7
 136
 153
28
 (7) (55) (34)
Money market281
 84
 66
 431
(44) (67) (522) (633)
Savings(1) 1
 11
 11
1
 (1) (4) (4)
Retail certificates of deposit81
 53
 123
 257
(258) (38) (512) (808)
Wholesale/brokered certificates of deposit(978) 27
 (14) (965)(1,098) (3) (77) (1,178)
FHLB advances and other borrowings(1,591) 13
 (291) (1,869)493
 (12) (130) 351
Subordinated debentures553
 —
 (75) 478
(1) —
 (6) (7)
Total interest-bearing liabilities(1,645) 185
 (44) (1,504)(879) (128) (1,306) (2,313)
Change in net interest income$470
 $1,156
 $68
 $1,694
$571
 $(1,119) $(3,196) $(3,744)



Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Compared to
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Increase (decrease) due to		Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Compared to
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Increase (decrease) due to
Volume Rate NetVolume Days Rate Net
(dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets            
Cash and cash equivalents$(346) $(149) $(495)$130
 $2
 $(294) $(162)
Investment securities818
 (298) 520
1,372
 —
 (453) 919
Loans receivable, net874
 2,829
 3,703
(3,066) 1,245
 (6,390) (8,211)
Total interest-earning assets1,346
 2,382
 3,728
(1,564) 1,247
 (7,137) (7,454)
Interest-bearing liabilities 
  
  
 
    
  
Interest checking20
 188
 208
35
 7
 93
 135
Money market(73) 1,418
 1,345
663
 67
 (1,193) (463)
Savings(14) 20
 6
(5) 1
 15
 11
Retail certificates of deposit(48) 1,498
 1,450
(262) 38
 (370) (594)
Wholesale/brokered certificates of deposit451
 476
 927
(1,861) 3
 (28) (1,886)
FHLB advances and other borrowings(1,488) 208
 (1,280)(2,000) 12
 (1,733) (3,721)
Subordinated debentures1,588
 (138) 1,450
1,462
 —
 (167) 1,295
Total interest-bearing liabilities436
 3,670
 4,106
(1,968) 128
 (3,383) (5,223)
Change in net interest income$910
 $(1,288) $(378)$404
 $1,119
 $(3,754) $(2,231)
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Compared to
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Increase (decrease) due to
 Volume Rate Net
 (dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets     
Cash and cash equivalents$(239) $(33) $(272)
Investment securities6,417
 473
 6,890
Loans receivable, net71,877
 5,364
 77,241
Total interest-earning assets78,055
 5,804
 83,859
Interest-bearing liabilities 
  
  
Interest checking278
 708
 986
Money market2,987
 5,095
 8,082
Savings22
 —
 22
Retail certificates of deposit1,614
 4,825
 6,439
Wholesale/brokered certificates of deposit1,312
 2,700
 4,012
FHLB advances and other borrowings159
 2,298
 2,457
Subordinated debentures3,048
 (404) 2,644
Total interest-bearing liabilities9,420
 15,222
 24,642
Change in net interest income$68,635
 $(9,418) $59,217


Provision for Credit Losses

A provision for credit losses of $1.6 million was recorded for the third quarter of 2019, compared with a provision for credit losses of $334,000 for the second quarter of 2019 and $2.0 million for the third quarter of 2018. The increase in provision for credit losses compared to the second quarter of 2019 was primarily due to the replenishment of $1.4 million of net charge-offs in the third quarter compared to $360,000 net replenishment in the second quarter. Provision for credit losses for the thirdfirst quarter of 2020 was $25.5 million, an increase of $23.2 million from the fourth quarter of 2019 decreased $419,000 compared toand an increase of $23.9 million from the thirdfirst quarter of 2018 primarily driven by lower loan balances and commitments and continued strength in the asset quality.

2019. The increase inincluded a $25.4 million provision for loan losses and a $72,000 provision for unfunded commitments, comparedboth of which were based on expected credit losses rather than incurred losses and reflect unfavorable changes in economic forecasts employed in the model related to the second quarter of 2019 was attributable to higher loan commitments as of September 30, 2019.COVID-19 pandemic. The decrease in provision for unfunded commitments compared toin the thirdfirst quarter of 20182020 was attributable to lower loan commitments as$72,000, compared with a reduction of September 30,$666,000 in the fourth quarter of 2019 and $486,000 in the first quarter of 2019.

  Three Months Ended
  September 30, June 30, September 30,
  2019 2019 2018
Provision for Credit Losses (dollars in thousands)
Provision for loan losses $1,365
 $742
 $1,646
Provision for unfunded commitments 197
 (408) 335
Total provision for credit losses $1,562
 $334
 $1,981

For the first nine months of 2019, we recorded a $3.4 million provision for credit losses, a decrease from $6.0 million recorded for the first nine months of 2018. The decrease in provision for credit losses was primarily driven by continued strength in asset quality and a reduction in the reserve for unfunded commitments.

The reduction of provision for unfunded commitments was attributable to lower loan commitments as of September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

  Nine Months Ended
  September 30, September 30,
  2019 2018
Provision for Credit Losses (dollars in thousands)
Provision for loan losses $4,119
 $5,252
Provision for unfunded commitments (697) 743
Total provision for credit losses $3,422
 $5,995

For purchased credit impaired loans, charge-offs are recorded when there is a decrease in the estimated cash flows of the credit from original cash flow estimates. Purchased credit impaired loans were recorded at their estimated fair value, which incorporated our estimated expected cash flows until the ultimate resolution of these credits. To the extent actual or projected cash flows are less than originally estimated, additional provisions for loan losses or charge-offs will be recognized into earnings or against the allowance, if applicable. To the extent actual or projected cash flows are more than originally estimated, the increase in cash flows is prospectively recognized in loan interest income. Due to the accounting rules associated with our purchased credit impaired loans, each quarter we are required to re-estimate cash flows, which could cause volatility in our reported net interest margin and provision for loan losses. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, no additional allowance was recorded associated with certain purchased credit impaired loans. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, an additional allowance of $112,000 was recorded. See “Allowance for Loan Losses” discussed below in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
  Three Months Ended
  March 31, December 31, March 31,
  2020 2019 2019
Provision for Credit Losses (Dollars in thousands)
Provision for loan losses $25,382
 $3,016
 $2,012
Provision for unfunded commitments 72
 (666) (486)
Provision for sold loans $—
 $(53) $—
Total provision for credit losses $25,454
 $2,297
 $1,526



Noninterest Income

The following table presents the components of noninterest income for the periods indicated:
 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Three Months Ended
 September 30, June 30, September 30, September 30, March 31, December 31, March 31,
 2019 2019 2018 2019 2018 2020 2019 2019
  (dollars in thousands)
Noninterest Income  (Dollars in thousands)
Loan servicing fees $546
 $409
 $400
 $1,353
 $1,037
 $480
 $487
 $398
Service charges on deposit accounts 1,440
 1,441
 1,570
 4,211
 3,777
 1,715
 1,558
 1,330
Other service fee income 360
 363
 317
 1,079
 632
 311
 359
 356
Debit card interchange fee income 421
 1,145
 1,061
 2,637
 3,187
 348
 367
 1,071
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance 861
 851
 1,270
 2,622
 2,498
 1,336
 864
 910
Net gain from sales of loans 2,313
 902
 2,029
 4,944
 8,830
 771
 1,698
 1,729
Net gain from sales of investment securities 4,261
 212
 1,063
 4,900
 1,399
 7,760
 3,671
 427
Other income 1,228
 1,001
 530
 3,689
 2,697
 1,754
 797
 1,460
Total noninterest income $11,430
 $6,324
 $8,240
 $25,435
 $24,057
 $14,475
 $9,801
 $7,681

Noninterest income for the thirdfirst quarter of 20192020 was $11.4$14.5 million, an increase of $5.1$4.7 million, or 80.7%47.7%, from the secondfourth quarter of 2019. The increase was primarily due to a $4.0$4.1 million increase in net gain from sales of investment securities, $472,000 increase in earnings on bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) primarily due to a death benefit, and a $1.4$1.0 million increase in other income primarily due to a $355,000 increase in Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) related equity investments income, and a $398,000 decrease in cost on debt extinguishment, partially offset by a $927,000 decrease in net gain from the sales of loans.

During the first quarter of 2020, the Bank sold $15.9 million of SBA and U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) loans for a net gain of $1.2 million, compared with the sales of $23.7 million of SBA loans for a net gain of $2.1 million during the prior quarter. The current quarter also included the sales of $23.0 million of other loans for a net loss of $404,000 compared with sales of $8.4 million of other loans for a net loss of $418,000 during the prior quarter.

Noninterest income for the first quarter of 2020 increased $6.8 million, or 88.5%, compared to the first quarter of 2019. The increase was primarily related to a $7.3 million increase in net gain from sales of investment securities, a $426,000 increase in earnings on BOLI primarily due to a death benefit, a $385,000 increase in service charges on deposit accounts, as well as a $294,000 increase in other income, partially offset by a $958,000 decrease in net gain from the sales of loans partially offset byand a $724,000 decrease in debit card interchange fee income. The$723,000 decrease in debit card interchange fee income, wasprimarily the result of the Bank becoming a nonexemptnon-exempt institution, effective July 1, 2019, under the Durbin Amendment that regulates debit card interchange fee income.income, due to the Bank exceeding $10 billion in total assets.

During the third quarter of 2019, the Bank sold $26.3 million of Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loans for a net gain of $2.3 million, compared with the sale of $24.4 million of SBA loans for a net gain of $2.2 million during the prior quarter. The current quarter also included the sale of $684,000 of non-SBA loans for a net gain of $8,000 compared with sales of $82.5 million of non-SBA loans for a net loss of $1.3 million during the prior quarter.

Noninterest income for the third quarter of 2019 increased $3.2 million, or 38.7%, compared to the third quarter of 2018. The increase was primarily related to a $3.2 million increase in net gain from sales of investment securities as well as an $698,000 increase in other income, partially offset by a $640,000 decrease in debit card interchange fee income and a $409,000 decrease in earnings on bank-owned life insurance (“BOLI”), primarily the result of a death benefit received in the third quarter of 2018.
The increase in net gain from sales of loans for the thirdfirst quarter of 20192020 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to the realization of a higher premium$404,000 loss on SBA loansthe sales of 109%,other loans in the first quarter of 2020 compared with 107%a net loss of $11,000 in the thirdfirst quarter of 2018. During2019, and lower net gain from sales of SBA/USDA loans in the thirdfirst quarter of 2018,2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019. The Bank sold $29.9$25.5 million of SBA loans for a net gain of $2.0$1.7 million and did not sell any non-SBA loans.

Forduring the first nine monthsquarter of 2019, noninterest income totaled $25.4 million, an increase from $24.1 million for the first nine months of 2018. The increase was primarily related to a $3.5 million increase in net gain from sales of investment securities, as well as increases in loan servicing fees, service charges on deposit accounts, other service fee income, earnings from BOLI and other income, all totaling $2.3 million, which was partially offset by a $3.9 million decrease in net gain from sales of loans and $550,000 decrease in debit card interchange fee income.2019.



Noninterest Expense

The following table presents the components of noninterest expense for the periods indicated:
 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Three Months Ended
 September 30, June 30, September 30, September 30, March 31, December 31, March 31,
 2019 2019 2018 2019 2018 2020 2019 2019
  (dollars in thousands)
Noninterest Expense  (Dollars in thousands)
Compensation and benefits $35,543
 $33,847
 $37,901
 $102,778
 $96,048
 $34,376
 $36,409
 $33,388
Premises and occupancy 7,593
 7,517
 7,214
 22,645
 17,040
 8,168
 8,113
 7,535
Data processing 3,094
 3,036
 4,095
 9,060
 9,544
 3,253
 3,241
 2,930
Other real estate owned operations, net 64
 62
 —
 129
 3
 14
 31
 3
FDIC insurance premiums (10) 740
 1,060
 1,530
 2,252
 367
 (766) 800
Legal, audit and professional expense 3,058
 3,545
 3,280
 9,601
 6,935
 3,126
 3,268
 2,998
Marketing expense 1,767
 1,425
 1,569
 4,689
 4,451
 1,412
 1,713
 1,497
Office, telecommunications and postage expense 1,200
 1,311
 1,538
 3,721
 3,733
 1,103
 1,105
 1,210
Loan expense 1,137
 1,005
 1,139
 3,015
 2,324
 822
 1,064
 873
Deposit expense 3,478
 3,668
 2,833
 10,729
 6,811
 4,988
 4,537
 3,583
Merger-related expense (4) 5
 13,978
 656
 15,857
 1,724
 —
 655
CDI amortization 4,281
 4,281
 4,693
 12,998
 8,963
 3,965
 4,247
 4,436
Other expense 4,135
 3,494
 3,482
 11,298
 8,705
 3,313
 3,254
 3,669
Total noninterest expense $65,336
 $63,936
 $82,782
 $192,849
 $182,666
 $66,631
 $66,216
 $63,577

Noninterest expense totaled $65.3$66.6 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 2019,2020, an increase of $1.4 million,$415,000, or 2.2%0.6%, compared to the secondfourth quarter of 2019. The increase was driven by amerger-related expense of $1.7 million increasefor the first quarter of 2020. Excluding merger-related expense, noninterest expense totaled $64.9 million, a decrease of $1.3 million, or 2.0%, compared to the fourth quarter of 2019. The decrease was driven by a $2.0 million decrease in compensation primarily as a result of increasing incentiveslower incentive expense, a $301,000 decrease in marketing expense, a $282,000 decrease in CDI amortization and benefits expense and, to a lesser extent, a $641,000 increase$242,000 decrease in otherloan expense. These increasesThe decreases were partially offset by a $750,000 decline$1.1 million increase in FDIC insurance premiums due to small institution assessment credits in the prior quarter and a $487,000 decline$451,000 increase in legal, audit and professional expense.deposit expense attributable largely to higher deposit balances.

Noninterest expense decreasedincreased by $17.4$3.1 million, or 21.1%4.8%, compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2018.2019. The decreaseincrease was primarily due to increased merger-related expense related to the pending Opus acquisition, a reduction$1.4 million increase in merger-relateddeposit expense and additional cost savings from personnelhigher deposit balances, and operations from the acquisition of Grandpoint, partially offset by our continued investment in personnel to support our organic growth in loans and deposits.

Noninterest expense totaled $192.8 million for the first nine months of 2019, an increase of $10.2 million, or 5.6%, compared with the first nine months of 2018. The increase was primarily driven by increases of $6.7 million in compensation and benefits expense, $5.6 million in premises and occupancy expense, $4.0 million in CDI amortization, $3.9 million in deposit expense, $2.7 million in legal, audit and professional expense and $2.6 million in other expense, partially offset by a $15.2 million decrease in merger related expenses. The prior period comparisons for the year-to-date results are impacted by the acquisition of Grandpoint in the third quarter of 2018.growth.

The Company’s efficiency ratio was 50.9%52.6% for the thirdfirst quarter of 2019,2020, compared to 51.1%51.9% for the secondfourth quarter of 2019 and 53.5% for the third quarter of 2018. The Company’s efficiency ratio was 50.4%49.3% for the first nine monthsquarter of 2019, compared to 53.0% for the first nine months of 2018.2019.


Income Taxes

For the three months ended September 30, 2019, June 30,March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, income tax expense was $15.5$5.8 million, $14.2$13.1 million and $7.8$15.3 million, respectively, and the effective income tax rate was 27.2%18.5%, 26.9%24.2% and 21.5%, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, income tax expense was $44.9 million and $26.9 million, respectively. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 27.5% and 24.3%28.3%, respectively. The effective tax rate is affected by various items, including tax exempt income from municipal securities, BOLI income, tax credits from investments in low income housing tax creditscredit (“LIHTC”) investments and the exercise of stock options and vesting of other stock-based compensation.

The effective tax rate for the thirdfirst quarter of 2019,2020, compared to the secondfourth quarter of 20192020 was largely unchanged.impacted by a $2.6 million federal income tax benefit associated with the carryback of certain net operating losses (“NOL”) associated with the acquisition of Grandpoint Capital, Inc. in 2018 as a result of the CARES Act that was signed into law in March 2020 in response to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. With the passage of the CARES Act, the Company is permitted to carry back NOLs to prior tax years, which have higher income tax rates at which these benefits can be realized. The increaseCompany intends to carry back approximately $19.5 million of NOLs to prior tax years where its federal income tax rate ranged from 34% to 35%. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the thirdfirst quarter of 2019,2020, as compared to the third quarter of 2018 resulted from the absence of certain one-time adjustments recorded during the third quarter of 2018. These one-time adjustments were associated with the finalization of the 2017 tax returns in the third quarter of 2018, as well as favorable adjustments to income tax expense associated with the re-measurement of the Company’s net deferred tax assets resulting from the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”).

The increase in the effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period last year was due primarily to the absence of significant benefits from the settlement of stock compensation awards that occurred largely in the first quarter of 2018, as well as2019, can be substantially attributed to the absence of one-time adjustments recorded in the third quarter of 2018benefit associated with the finalization of the 2017 tax returns and favorable adjustments to income tax expense associated with the re-measurement of net deferred tax assets associated with the passage of the Tax Act.NOL carryback previously discussed.

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $3.1 million and $2.9 million as of September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2018,2019, respectively, and was primarily comprised of unrecognized tax benefits from the Plaza Bancorp acquisition during 2017. The total amount of tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably impact the effective tax rate was $180,000 and $0 at September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2018.2019, respectively. The Company does not believe that the unrecognized tax benefits will change significantly within the next twelve months.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company had accrued for $379,000$467,000 and $246,000$424,000 of such interest at September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2018,2019, respectively. No amounts for penalties were accrued.

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income tax, as well as state income and franchise taxes in multiple state jurisdictions. The statute of limitations for the assessment of taxes related to the consolidated federal income tax returns is closed for all tax years up to and including 2014.2015. The expiration of the statute of limitations for the assessment of taxes related to the various state income and franchise tax returns varies by state.

The Company accounts for income taxes by recognizing deferred tax assets and liabilities based upon temporary differences between the amounts for financial reporting purposes and tax basis of its assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management evaluates both positive and negative evidence, including the existence of any cumulative losses in the current year and the prior two years, the amount of taxes paid in available carry-backcarryback years, the forecasts of future income, applicable tax planning strategies and assessments of current and future economic and business conditions. This analysis is updated quarterly and adjusted as necessary. Based on the analysis, the Company has determined that a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets was not required as of September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2018.2019.


FINANCIAL CONDITION
 
At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, assets totaled $11.81$11.98 billion, an increase of $324.1$200.2 million, or 2.8%1.7%, from December 31, 2018.2019. The increase was primarily due to increases in cash and cash equivalents, investment securities and other assets, total loans and deferred income taxes of $224.3$207.2 million, $148.7$63.0 million, $31.0 million and $61.7$15.2 million, respectively. The increase in other assets were primarily due to the additions of a $42.1 million right-of-use asset as a result of the adoption of ASC 842 during the first quarter and two new low income housing tax credit investments of $10.0 million each during the second quarter of 2019. These increases were partially offset by decreasesincreases of $78.0$79.7 million in totalallowance for credit losses on loans, $15.6reflecting the Day 1 adjustment to the allowance for credit losses of $55.7 million upon adoption of ASC 326 and the increase in deferred income taxes and $13.0credit loss expense recorded under the CECL model reflecting the projected economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for the first quarter of 2020, as well as a $33.9 million decrease in intangible assets.investment securities.

Loans

Loans held for investment totaled $8.76$8.75 billion at September 30, 2019, a decreaseMarch 31, 2020, an increase of $79.3$32.6 million, or 0.9%0.4%, from December 31, 2018.2019. The decreaseincrease from the end of the prior quarter was impactedprimarily driven by higherlower loan prepayments and payoffs, and lowerhigher line utilization in the first quarter of 2020 when compared to the prior quarter, partially offset by lower new loan salescommitments and fundings and higher loan purchases.sales. Business line utilization rates increased from 44.3% at the end of the fourth quarter of 2019 to 50.6% at the end of the first quarter of 2020. Loan sales during the first quarter of $27.0 million2020 included $26.3$15.9 million of SBASBA/USDA loans and $684,000 of non-SBA loans. The Bank also purchased $94.9$23.0 million of multifamilyother loans, compared with $23.7 million of SBA/USDA loans and $35.5$8.4 million of commercial non-owner occupied loans.other loans sold in the fourth quarter of 2019. Since December 31, 2018, consumer2019, business loans secured by real estate increased $54.5 million and commercial loans increased $48.0 million, while investor loans secured by real estate decreased $48.0 million and retail loans decreased $48.9 million, business loans decreased $34.9 million while real estate loans increased $4.5$21.9 million.

Loans held for sale, which primarily represent the guaranteed portion of SBA and USDA loans that the Bank originates for sale, increased $1.4decreased $1.6 million from December 31, 20182019 to $7.1 million. $111,000.

The total end-of-period weighted average interest rate on loans, excludingnet of fees and discounts, at September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 was 5.00%4.76%, compared to 5.13%4.91% at December 31, 2018.2019. The quarter-over-quarter decrease reflects the impact of lower rates on new originations as well as the repricing of loans as a result of the Federal Reserve’s interest rate decreases.


The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio in dollar amounts and as a percentage of the portfolio, and gives the weighted average interest rate by loan category at the dates indicated: 

 September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
 Amount 
Percent
of Total
 
Weighted
Average
Interest Rate
 Amount 
Percent
of Total
 
Weighted
Average
Interest Rate
 (dollars in thousands)
Business loans           
Commercial and industrial$1,233,938
 14.1% 5.43% $1,364,423
 15.4% 5.83%
Franchise894,023
 10.2
 5.57
 765,416
 8.7
 5.40
Commercial owner occupied (1)
1,678,888
 19.1
 4.90
 1,679,122
 19.0
 4.94
SBA179,965
 2.0
 7.34
 193,882
 2.2
 7.17
Agribusiness119,633
 1.4
 5.25
 138,519
 1.6
 5.46
Total business loans4,106,447
 46.8
 5.32
 4,141,362
 46.9
 5.44
Real estate loans           
Commercial non-owner occupied2,053,590
 23.4
 4.62
 2,003,174
 22.6
 4.67
Multi-family1,611,904
 18.4
 4.35
 1,535,289
 17.4
 4.33
One-to-four family (2)
273,182
 3.1
 4.94
 356,264
 4.0
 5.01
Construction478,961
 5.5
 6.13
 523,643
 5.9
 6.74
Farmland171,667
 2.0
 4.70
 150,502
 1.7
 4.80
Land30,717
 0.3
 5.43
 46,628
 0.5
 5.61
Total real estate loans4,620,021
 52.7
 4.71
 4,615,500
 52.1
 4.83
Consumer loans           
Consumer loans40,548
 0.5
 4.82
 89,424
 1.0
 5.60
Gross loans held for investment (3)
8,767,016
 100.0% 5.00% 8,846,286
 100.0% 5.13%
Deferred loan origination (fees)/costs and (discounts)/premiums, net(9,540)  
  
 (9,468)  
  
Loans held for investment8,757,476
     8,836,818
    
Allowance for loan losses(35,000)  
  
 (36,072)  
  
Loans held for investment, net$8,722,476
  
  
 $8,800,746
  
  
            
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value$7,092
  
  
 $5,719
  
  
 March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
 Amount 
Percent
of Total
 
Weighted
Average
Interest Rate
 Amount 
Percent
of Total
 
Weighted
Average
Interest Rate
 (Dollars in thousands)
Investor loans secured by real estate           
CRE non-owner-occupied$2,040,198
 23.3% 4.50% $2,070,141
 23.7% 4.61%
Multifamily1,625,682
 18.6
 4.27
 1,575,726
 18.1
 4.30
Construction and land377,525
 4.3
 5.76
 438,786
 5.0
 5.95
SBA secured by real estate (1)
61,665
 0.7
 6.49
 68,431
 0.8
 6.62
Total investor loans secured by real estate4,105,070
 46.9
 4.56
 4,153,084
 47.6
 4.67
Business loans secured by real estate (2)
           
CRE owner-occupied1,887,632
 21.6% 4.77% 1,846,554
 21.2% 4.83%
Franchise real estate secured371,428
 4.2
 5.30
 353,240
 4.0
 5.39
SBA secured by real estate (3)
83,640
 1.0
 6.67
 88,381
 1.0
 6.92
Total business loans secured by real estate2,342,700
 26.8
 4.92
 2,288,175
 26.2
 5.00
Commercial loans (4)
           
Commercial and industrial1,458,969
 16.7
 4.75
 1,393,270
 16.0
 5.19
Franchise non-real estate secured547,793
 6.2
 5.71
 564,357
 6.5
 5.70
SBA non-real estate secured16,265
 0.2
 6.86
 17,426
 0.2
 7.06
Total commercial loans2,023,027
 23.1% 5.02% 1,975,053
 22.7% 5.35%
Retail loans           
Single family residential (5)
237,180
 2.7% 4.65% 255,024
 2.9% 4.77%
Consumer46,892
 0.5% 3.26% 50,975
 0.6% 3.96%
Total retail loans284,072
 3.2% 4.43% 305,999
 3.5% 4.64%
Gross loans held for investment (6)
8,754,869
 100.0% 4.76% 8,722,311
 100.0% 4.91%
Allowance for credit losses for loans held for investment (7)
$(115,422)     $(35,698)    
Loans held for investment, net$8,639,447
     $8,686,613
    
            
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value$111
     $1,672
    
_____________________________

(1) SecuredSBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real estate.property.
(2) IncludesLoans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property.
(4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds.
(3)(6) Total gross loans held for investment for September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are net of theIncludes unaccreted fair value net purchase discounts of $46.8$35.9 million and $61.0$40.7 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
(7)The allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2019 was accounted for under ASC 450 and ASC 310, which is reflective of probable incurred losses as of the balance sheet date. The allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2020 is accounted for under ASC 326, which is reflective of estimated expected lifetime credit losses.



Delinquent Loans.  When a borrower fails to make required payments on a loan and does not cure the delinquency within 30 days, we normally initiate proceedings to pursue our remedies under the loan documents. For loans secured by real estate, we record a notice of default and, after providing the required notices to the borrower, commence foreclosure proceedings. If the loan is not reinstated within the time permitted by law, we may sell the property at a foreclosure sale. At these foreclosure sales, we generally acquire title to the property. Loans delinquent 30 or more days as a percentage of loans held for investment were 0.13%0.33% at September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, compared to 0.15%0.22% at December 31, 2018.2019.

The following table sets forth delinquencies in the Company’s loan portfolio atas of the dates indicated:
 30 - 59 Days 60 - 89 Days 
90 Days or More (1)
 Total
 
# of
Loans
 
Principal
Balance
of Loans
 
# of
Loans
 
Principal
Balance
of Loans
 
# of
Loans
 
Principal
Balance
of Loans
 
# of
Loans
 
Principal
Balance
of Loans
 (dollars in thousands)
At September 30, 2019               
Business loans               
Commercial and industrial4
 $101
 2
 $3,105
 4
 $1,509
 10
 $4,715
Franchise1
 8
 —
 —
 1
 16
 2
 24
Commercial owner occupied1
 382
 —
 —
 2
 1,405
 3
 1,787
SBA3
 731
 1
 107
 9
 2,586
 13
 3,424
Real estate loans               
Commercial non-owner occupied—
 —
 —
 —
 2
 777
 2
 777
One-to-four family1
 503
 —
 —
 —
 —
 1
 503
Total10
 $1,725
 3
 $3,212
 18
 $6,293
 31
 $11,230
Delinquent loans to loans held for investment 
 0.02%  
 0.04%  
 0.07%   0.13%
                
At December 31, 2018               
Business loans               
Commercial and industrial6
 $309
 4
 $1,204
 5
 $931
 15
 $2,444
Franchise1
 5,680
 —
 —
 1
 190
 2
 5,870
Commercial owner occupied1
 343
 —
 —
 5
 812
 6
 1,155
SBA3
 524
 —
 —
 3
 2,626
 6
 3,150
Real estate loans               
Multi-family1
 14
 —
 —
 —
 —
 1
 14
One-to-four family1
 30
 1
 9
 1
 6
 3
 45
Consumer loans               
Consumer3
 146
 1
 29
 —
 —
 4
 175
Total16
 $7,046
 6
 $1,242
 15
 $4,565
 37
 $12,853
Delinquent loans to loans held for investment  0.08%   0.02%   0.05%   0.15%
 30 - 59 Days 60 - 89 Days 
90 Days or More (1)
 Total
 
# of
Loans
 
Principal
Balance
of Loans
 
# of
Loans
 
Principal
Balance
of Loans
 
# of
Loans
 
Principal
Balance
of Loans
 
# of
Loans
 
Principal
Balance
of Loans
 (Dollars in thousands)
At March 31, 2020               
Investor loans secured by real estate               
CRE non-owner-occupied1
 $2,191
 —
 $—
 2
 $877
 3
 $3,068
Multifamily—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Construction and land—
 —
 —
 —
 1
 1,802
 1
 1,802
SBA secured by real estate (1)
3
 1,147
 1
 1,148
 1
 392
 5
 2,687
Total investor loans secured by real estate4
 3,338
 1
 1,148
 4
 3,071
 9
 7,557
Business loans secured by real estate (2)
               
CRE owner-occupied1
 3,636
 —
 —
 —
 —
 1
 3,636
Franchise real estate secured—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
SBA secured by real estate (3)
—
 —
 —
 —
 3
 1,032
 3
 1,032
Total business loans secured by real estate1
 3,636
 —
 —
 3
 1,032
 4
 4,668
Commercial loans (4)
               
Commercial and industrial10
 1,249
 8
 354
 4
 4,961
 22
 6,564
Franchise non-real estate secured—
 —
 —
 —
 2
 9,142
 2
 9,142
SBA non-real estate secured2
 62
 —
 —
 3
 878
 5
 940
Total commercial loans12
 1,311
 8
 354
 9
 14,981
 29
 16,646
Retail loans               
Single family residential (5)
—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Consumer—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Total retail loans—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Total17
 $8,285
 9
 $1,502
 16
 $19,084
 42
 $28,871
Delinquent loans to loans held for investment 
 0.09%  
 0.02%  
 0.22%   0.33%

(1) AllSBA loans that are delinquent 90 days or morecollateralized by hotel/motel real property.
(2) Loans to businesses that are on nonaccrual status and reportedcollateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property.
(4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as partwell as second trust deeds.


 30 - 59 Days 60 - 89 Days 
90 Days or More (1)
 Total
 
# of
Loans
 
Principal
Balance
of Loans
 
# of
Loans
 
Principal
Balance
of Loans
 
# of
Loans
 
Principal
Balance
of Loans
 
# of
Loans
 
Principal
Balance
of Loans
At December 31, 2019(Dollars in thousands)
Investor loans secured by real estate               
CRE non-owner-occupied2
 $1,178
 —
 $—
 2
 $1,088
 4
 $2,266
Multifamily—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Construction and land—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
SBA secured by real estate (1)
—
 —
 —
 —
 1
 390
 1
 390
Total investor loans secured by real estate2
 1,178
 —
 —
 3
 1,478
 5
 2,656
Business loans secured by real estate (2)
               
CRE owner-occupied1
 331
 —
 —
 —
 —
 1
 331
Franchise real estate secured—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
SBA secured by real estate (3)
—
 —
 1
 589
 4
 846
 5
 1,435
Total business loans secured by real estate1
 331
 1
 589
 4
 846
 6
 1,766
Commercial loans (4)
               
Commercial and industrial7
 422
 6
 826
 2
 2,996
 15
 4,244
Franchise non-real estate secured—
 —
 2
 9,142
 —
 —
 2
 9,142
SBA non-real estate secured2
 168
 —
 —
 5
 1,118
 7
 1,286
Total commercial loans9
 590
 8
 9,968
 7
 4,114
 24
 14,672
Retail loans               
Single family residential (5)
—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Consumer1
 5
 1
 2
 1
 1
 3
 8
Total retail loans1
 5
 1
 2
 1
 1
 3
 8
Total13
 $2,104
 10
 $10,559
 15
 $6,439
 38
 $19,102
Delinquent loans to loans held for investment  0.02%   0.12%   0.08%   0.22%

(1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property.
(2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of nonperforming loans.the business is the primary source of repayment.
(3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property.
(4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds.

 
    


Allowance for LoanCredit Losses.

     The ALLL representsCompany accounts for credit losses on loans and unfunded loan commitments in accordance with ASC 326, which requires the Company to record an estimate of probable incurredexpected lifetime credit losses inherentfor loans and unfunded loan commitments at the time of origination or acquisition. The ACL is maintained at a level deemed appropriate by management to provide for expected credit losses in our loanthe portfolio as of the date of the consolidated statements of financial condition. Estimating expected credit losses requires management to use relevant forward-looking information, including the use of reasonable and supportable forecasts. The measurement of the ACL is performed by collectively evaluating loans with similar risk characteristics. Loans that have been deemed by management to no longer possess similar risk characteristics are evaluated individually under a discounted cash flow approach, and loans that have been deemed collateral dependent are evaluated individually based on the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral.

The Company measures the ACL on commercial real estate and commercial loans using a discounted cash flow approach, using the loan’s effective interest rate, while the ACL for retail loans is based on our continual reviewa historical loss rate model. The discounted cash flow methodology relies on several significant components essential to the development of estimates for future cash flows on loans and unfunded commitments. These components consist of: (i) the estimated probability of default, (ii) the estimated loss given default, which represents the estimated severity of the loss when a loan portfolio’sis in default, (iii) estimates for prepayment activity on loans and (iv) the estimated exposure to the Company at default. In the case of unfunded loan commitments, the Company’s incorporates estimates for utilization, based on its own historical data. Probability of default and loss given default for commercial real estate loans are derived from a third party, using proxy loan information, and loan and property level attributes. Additionally, loss given default for commercial real estate loans incorporate an estimate for the loss severity associated with loans where the borrower fails to meet their debt obligation at maturity. External factors that impact loss given default for commercial real estate loans include: changes in the CRE Price Index, GDP growth rate, unemployment rates and the Moody’s Baa rating corporate debt interest rate spread.

For commercial loans, probability of default is based on an internally developed rating scale that assigns probability of default based on the Company’s internal risk grades for each loan. Changes in risk grades for commercial loans, result in changes in probability of default. The Company obtains loss given default for commercial loans from a third party that has a considerable database of credit quality. related information specific to the financial services industry and the type of loans within this segment.

Probability of default for both commercial real estate and commercial loans are also heavily impacted by current and expected economic conditions.

The allowance containsACL for retail loans is based on a historical loss rate model, which incorporates losses rates derived from a third party that has a considerable database of credit related information for retail loans. Loss rates for retail loans are dependent upon loan level and external factors such as: FICO, vintage, geography, unemployment rates and changes in consumer real estate prices.

The Company’s ACL includes assumptions concerning current and future economic conditions using reasonable and supportable forecasts and how those forecasts are expected to impact a borrower’s ability to satisfy their obligation to the Bank and the ultimate collectability of future cash flows over the life of the loan. The Company uses economic scenarios from Moody’s. These scenarios are based on past events, current conditions and the likelihood of future events occurring. By considering multiple scenario outcomes and, when appropriate under the circumstances, assigning reasonable probability weightings to them, the Company believes some of the uncertainty associated with a single scenario approach is addressed. Management periodically evaluates economic scenarios, determines whether to utilize multiple probability-weighted scenarios in the Company’s ACL model, and, if multiple scenarios are utilized, evaluates and determines the weighting for each scenario used in the Company’s ACL model, and thus the scenarios and weightings of each scenario may change in future periods. Economic scenarios as well as assumptions within those scenarios can vary based on changes in current and expected economic conditions and due to the occurrence of specific reserve component for loans that are impairedevents such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

As of January 1, 2020, upon the adoption of ASC 326, Company’s ACL model used three scenarios representing a base-case scenario, an upside scenario, and a general reserve component for loans without credit impairment.downside scenario. The general reserveweightings assigned to each scenario were as follows: the base-case scenario, or most likely scenario, was assigned a weighting of 40%, while the upside and downside scenarios were each assigned weightings of 30%. As of March 31, 2020, the Company, with the assistance of an independent third party, determined it appropriate to include an economic scenario that is determined by applying a systematically derived loss factor to individual segmentsreflective of the loan portfolio. The adequacy and appropriatenessestimated economic effects of the ALLLCOVID-19 pandemic, referred to as the critical pandemic scenario. Additionally, the Company evaluated each economic scenario used in the determination of the ACL during the first quarter of 2020, and revised the weightings of each scenario to levels it believes appropriately reflect the likelihood of outcomes for each scenario given rapidly changing economic conditions, economic uncertainty and volatility in financial markets brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the individual loss factors are reviewedestimated likelihood that each quarter by management.scenario may occur as of March 31, 2020. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company’s ACL model incorporated three economic scenarios comprised of: the critical pandemic scenario weighted 30%, the more severe (as compared to the critical pandemic scenario) downside scenario weighted 32.5% and the base-case scenario weighted 37.5%.
 
The loss factorCompany currently forecasts economic conditions over a two-year period, which we believe is a reasonable and supportable period. Beyond the point which the Company can provide for a reasonable and supportable forecast, economic variables revert to their long-term averages. The Company has reflected this reversion over a period of three years in each segment of our loan portfolio is generally based on our actualits economic scenarios.

The forecasts used in the Company’s ACL model are produced by an independent third party and have been widely used by banks, credit unions, government agencies and real estate developers. These economic forecasts cover all states and metropolitan areas in the Unites States, and reflect changes in economic variables such as: GDP growth, interest rates, employment rates, changes in wages, retail sales, industrial production, metrics associated with the single-family and multifamily housing markets, vacancy rates, changes in equity market prices and energy markets.

The Company has identified certain economic variables that have significant influence in the Company’s model for determining the ACL. As of March 31, 2020, the Company’s ACL model incorporated the following assumptions for key economic variables in the base-case and downside scenarios:

Base-case Scenario:

CRE Price Index decreases by approximately 3% in the intermediate term, with a return to growth in the second half of 2020.
A moderate decrease in real GDP of less than 1% in the intermediate term, with a return to modest growth in the second half of 2020.
Moderate quarterly increases in the U.S. unemployment rate to over 4% over the next two years.

Critical Pandemic Scenario:

CRE Price Index decreases by approximately 20% in the intermediate term, with continued gradual declines over a period approximately 12 months.
A decrease in real GDP of approximately 5% in the intermediate term, and negative for most of 2020, before returning to a slight level of growth beginning in the fourth quarter of 2020.
Increases in the U.S. unemployment rate to a peak of over 6% within the next 5 quarters.
Downside Scenario:

CRE Price Index decreases by approximately 14% in the intermediate term, with continued quarterly declines of approximately 7% to 15% over the next 5 quarters.
A decrease in real GDP of approximately 4% in the intermediate term, and negative through the beginning of 2021.

Increases in the U.S. unemployment rate to a peak of 7.4% within the next 6 quarters, and remaining elevated to slightly decreasing in the remaining quarters within the forecast period.

The Company recognizes that historical loss rate experience supplementedinformation used as the basis for determining future expected credit losses may not always, by industry data where we lack loss historical experience. Loss factorsthemselves, provide a sufficient basis for loans graded below pass, including classified and criticized assets, are calculated using a migration analysis.determining future expected credit losses. The loss factor is adjusted by qualitative adjustment factors to arrive at a final loss factorCompany, therefore, periodically considers the need for each loan portfolio segment. For additional information regarding the qualitative adjustments please see “Allowancesto the ACL. Qualitative adjustments may be related to and include, but not be limited to, factors such as: (i) management’s assessment of economic forecasts used in the model and how those forecasts align with management’s overall evaluation of current and expected economic conditions, (ii) organization specific risks such as credit concentrations, collateral specific risks, regulatory risks and external factors that may ultimately impact credit quality, (iii) potential model limitations such as limitations identified through back-testing, and other limitations associated with factors such as underwriting changes, acquisition of new portfolios and changes in portfolio segmentation and (iv) management’s overall assessment of the adequacy of the ACL, including an assessment of model data inputs used to determine the ACL. As of March 31, 2020, qualitative adjustments included in the ACL totaled $6.0 million. These adjustments relate to management’s assessment of the economic forecasts used in the model. Management determined through additional review of economic indicators and forecasts of economic conditions that there is potential for Loan Losses” as discussed in our 2018 Annual Report. The qualitative factors allow managementeconomic conditions under the base-case scenario to assess current trends within our loan portfolioworsen. Management observed through this additional review that certain key economic indicators may experience additional declines over the intermediate term. Real GDP may experience a decrease of approximately 18%, the U.S. unemployment rate may reach 9%, and the CRE price index may also experience further weakness. Management concluded the potential for additional weakness in these economic environmentindicators under a base-case scenario may contribute to incorporate their effect when calculatinghigher lifetime losses in CRE non-owner-occupied, construction and land and franchise loans as of March 31, 2020. Management reviews the ALLL.need for and appropriate level of qualitative adjustments on a quarterly basis, and as such, the amount and allocation of qualitative adjustments may change in future periods.

At March 31, 2020, our allowance for credit losses on loans was $115.4 million, an increase of $79.7 million from December 31, 2019, reflecting the cumulative-effect Day 1 adjustment of $55.7 million, exclusive of $8.3 million for off-balance sheet commitments, which was recorded against the opening balance of retained earnings and deferred tax assets, to adopt the CECL accounting standard as well as credit loss expense recorded under the CECL model for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The finalprovision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $25.4 million, compared to $3.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019 and $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was a result of the expected credit losses rather than incurred loss factors are appliedmodel and reflected unfavorable changes in economic forecasts employed in the model related to the loans within our loan portfolio.COVID-19 pandemic.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company incurred $1.3 million of net charge-offs, compared to $2.3 million during the three months ended December 31, 2019.

No assurance can be given that we will not, in any particular period, sustain loancredit losses that exceed the amount reserved, or that subsequent evaluation of our loan portfolio, in light of the prevailing factors, including economic conditions that may adversely affect our market area or other circumstances, will not require significant increases in the loan loss allowance.ACL.  In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review our ALLLACL and may require us to recognize additional provisions to increase the allowance or takeand record charge-offs in anticipation of future losses.
At September 30, 2019, our ALLL was $35.0 million, a decrease of $1.1 million from December 31, 2018. The decrease in the allowance for loan losses at September 30, 2019 was primarily due to lower loan balances, the release of specific reserves in conjunction with loan charge-offs and an overall improved asset quality profile. Net loan charge-offs amounted to $1.4 million and $5.2 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $87,000 and $882,000, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increases in net charge-offs were primarily due to the charge-offs of $995,000 in the third quarter of 2019 related to two franchise loans to one borrower and the release of specific reserves of $2.5 million in the second quarter of 2019, $2.0 million of which was established during the first three months of 2019 and $169,000 was related to a property transferred to OREO.

At September 30, 2019, givenMarch 31, 2020, the composition of our loan portfolio, as well asCompany believes the unamortized fair value discount of loans acquired, the ALLLACL was considered adequate to cover probable incurredcurrent expected credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Should any of the factors considered by management in evaluating the appropriate level of the ALLLACL change, including the size and composition of the loan portfolio, the credit quality of the loan portfolio, as well as forecasts of future economic conditions, the Company’s estimate of probable incurred loancurrent expected credit losses could also significantly change and affect the level of future provisions for loancredit losses.
 


The following table sets forth the Company’s ALLLACL and its corresponding percentage of the loan category balance and the percent of loan balance to total gross loans in each of the loan categories listed for the periods indicated:
  September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Balance at end of period applicable to Amount Allowance as a % of Category Total 
% of Loans in Category to
Total Loans
 Amount Allowance as a % of Category Total % of Loans in Category to
Total Loans
  (dollars in thousands)
Business loans            
Commercial and industrial $10,530
 0.85% 14.1% $10,821
 0.79% 15.4%
Franchise 6,733
 0.75
 10.2
 6,500
 0.85
 8.7
Commercial owner occupied 1,726
 0.10
 19.1
 1,386
 0.08
 19.0
SBA 4,381
 2.43
 2.0
 4,288
 2.21
 2.2
Agribusiness 2,366
 1.98
 1.4
 3,283
 2.37
 1.6
Real estate loans        
  
  
Commercial non-owner occupied 1,878
 0.09
 23.4
 1,604
 0.08
 22.6
Multi-family 715
 0.04
 18.4
 725
 0.05
 17.4
One-to-four family 691
 0.25
 3.1
 805
 0.23
 4.0
Construction 4,158
 0.87
 5.5
 5,166
 0.99
 5.9
Farmland 838
 0.49
 2.0
 503
 0.33
 1.7
Land 633
 2.06
 0.3
 772
 1.66
 0.5
Consumer loans            
Consumer loans 351
 0.54
 0.5
 219
 0.24
 1.0
Total $35,000
��0.40% 100.0% $36,072
 0.41% 100.0%
  March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Balance at end of period applicable to 
Amount (6)
 Allowance as a % of Category Total 
% of Loans in Category to
Total Loans
 
Amount (6)
 Allowance as a % of Category Total % of Loans in Category to
Total Loans
  (Dollars in thousands)
Investor loans secured by real estate            
CRE non-owner-occupied $15,896
 0.78% 23.3% $1,899
 0.09% 23.7%
Multifamily 14,722
 0.91
 18.6
 729
 0.05
 18.1
Construction and land 9,222
 2.44
 4.3
 4,484
 1.02
 5.0
SBA secured by real estate (1)
 935
 1.52
 0.7
 1,915
 2.80
 0.8
Total investor loans secured by real estate 40,775
 0.99
 46.9
 9,027
 0.22
 47.6
Business loans secured by real estate (2)
            
CRE owner-occupied 26,793
 1.42
 21.6
 2,781
 0.15
 21.2
Franchise real estate secured 7,503
 2.02
 4.2
 592
 0.17
 4.0
SBA secured by real estate (3)
 4,044
 4.84
 1.0
 2,119
 2.40
 1.0
Total business loans secured by real estate 38,340
 1.64
 26.8
 5,492
 0.24
 26.2
Commercial loans (4)
            
Commercial and industrial 15,742
 1.08
 16.7
 13,857
 0.99
 16.0
Franchise non-real estate secured 16,616
 3.03
 6.2
 5,816
 1.03
 6.5
SBA non-real estate secured 516
 3.17
 0.2
 445
 2.55
 0.2
Total commercial loans 32,874
 1.62
 23.1
 20,118
 1.02
 22.7
Retail loans            
Single family residential (5)
 1,137
 0.48
 2.7
 655
 0.26
 2.9
Consumer loans 2,296
 4.90
 0.5
 406
 0.80
 0.6
Total retail loans $3,433
 1.21% 3.2% $1,061
 0.35% 3.5%
Total $115,422
 1.32% 100.0% $35,698
 0.41% 100.0%

(1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property.
(2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property.
(4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds.
(6)The allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2019 was accounted for under ASC 450 and ASC 310, which is reflective of probable incurred losses as of the balance sheet date. The allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2020 is accounted for under ASC 326, which is reflective of estimated expected lifetime credit losses.


At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, the ratio of ALLLallowance for credit losses to loans held for investment was 0.40%1.32%, a slight decreasesignificant increase from 0.41% at December 31, 2018.2019 due to the adoption of CECL accounting standard. Our remaining unamortized fair value discount on the loans acquired totaled $46.8$35.9 million at September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, compared to $61.0$40.7 million at December 31, 2018.2019.



The following table sets forth the activity within the Company’s ALLLallowance for credit losses in each of the loan categories listed for the periods indicated:
 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
 September 30, June 30, September 30, September 30,
 2019 2019 2018 2019 2018
 (dollars in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period$35,026
 $37,856
 $31,747
 $36,072
 $28,936
Provision for loan losses1,365
 742
 1,646
 4,119
 5,252
Charge-offs: 
        
Business loans: 
        
Commercial and industrial(290) (393) (100) (985) (1,011)
     Franchise(995) (1,536) —
 (2,531) —
Commercial owner occupied—
 —
 —
 —
 —
SBA(143) (1,219) (44) (1,362) (100)
Real estate: 
        
Commercial non-owner occupied(86) (488) —
 (574) —
Consumer loans:         
Consumer loans(11) —
 (85) (16) (137)
Total charge-offs(1,525) (3,636) (229) (5,468) (1,248)
Recoveries: 
        
Business loans: 
        
Commercial and industrial54
 47
 120
 168
 283
Commercial owner occupied8
 15
 8
 31
 32
SBA62
 1
 8
 66
 43
Real estate:         
One-to-four family1
 1
 —
 2
 1
Consumer loans:         
Consumer loans9
 —
 6
 10
 7
Total recoveries134
 64
 142
 277
 366
Net loan charge-offs(1,391) (3,572) (87) (5,191) (882)
Balance at end of period$35,000
 $35,026
 $33,306
 $35,000
 $33,306
          
Ratios:         
Annualized net charge-offs to average total loans, net0.06% 0.16% —% 0.04% 0.01%
Allowance for loan losses to loans held for investment at end of period0.40% 0.40% 0.38% 0.40% 0.38%
 Three Months Ended
 March 31, December 31, March 31,
 2020 2019 2019
 (Dollars in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period$35,698
 $35,000
 $36,072
Adoption of ASC 32655,686
 —
 —
Provision for credit losses25,382
 3,016
 2,012
Charge-offs:     
Investor loans secured by real estate     
CRE non-owner-occupied(387) (51) —
SBA secured by real estate (1)
—
 (20) —
Business loans secured by real estate (2)
     
CRE owner-occupied—
 (125) —
SBA secured by real estate (3)
(315) (593) —
Commercial loans (4)
     
Commercial and industrial(490) (1,333) (302)
SBA non-real estate secured(236) (262) —
Retail loans     
Consumer loans(8) —
 (5)
Total charge-offs(1,436) (2,384) (307)
Recoveries:     
Business loans secured by real estate (2)
     
CRE owner-occupied12
 15
 8
SBA secured by real estate (3)
71
 10
 —
Commercial loans (4)
     
Commercial and industrial5
 21
 67
Franchise non-real estate secured—
 18
 —
SBA non-real estate secured4
 1
 3
Retail loans     
Consumer loans—
 1
 1
Total recoveries92
 66
 79
Net loan charge-offs(1,344) (2,318) (228)
Balance, end of period$115,422
 $35,698
 $37,856
      
Ratios:     
Annualized net charge-offs to average total loans, net0.06% 0.11% 0.01%
Allowance for loan losses to loans held for investment at end of period1.32
 0.41
 0.43

(1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property.

(2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property.
(4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.

Nonperforming Assets
 
Nonperforming assets consist of loans on which we have ceased accruing interest (nonaccrual loans), troubled debt restructured loans, OREO, and other repossessed assets owned. It is our general policy to place a loan on nonaccrual status when the loan becomes 90 days or more past due or when collection of principal or interest appears doubtful.
 
Nonperforming assets totaled $8.2$21.1 million, or 0.07%0.18% of total assets at September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, an increase from $5.0$9.0 million, or 0.04%0.08% of total assets at December 31, 2018.2019. At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, nonperforming loans totaled $8.1$20.6 million, or 0.09%0.24%, of loans held for investment, an increase from $4.9$8.5 million, or 0.05%0.10% of loans held for investment at December 31, 2018.2019. Other real estate owned decreased to $126,000was $441,000 at September 30, 2019 compared to $147,000March 31, 2020, unchanged from $441,000 at December 31, 2018.

2019. The increase in nonperforming assets during the ninethree month period ending September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to the addition of nonperforming loans of $6.1$13.6 million, including a franchise credit relationship of $9.1 million, partially offset by the charge-off of several nonperforming loans totaling $1.2 million and the payoffsale of a single nonperforming SBA-guaranteedC&I loan of $1.1 million.$808,000 and repayments aggregating $709,000.


The following table sets forth our composition of nonperforming assets at the dates indicated:
  September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
  (dollars in thousands)
Nonperforming assets    
Business loans:    
Commercial and industrial $2,950
 $931
Franchise 16
 190
Commercial owner occupied 1,405
 599
SBA 2,586
 2,739
Total business loans 6,957
 4,459
Real estate:  
  
Commercial non-owner occupied 777
 —
One-to-four family 371
 398
Total real estate loans 1,148
 398
Consumer loans:    
Total nonperforming loans 8,105
 4,857
Other real estate owned 126
 147
Other assets owned —
 13
Total nonperforming assets $8,231
 $5,017
     
Allowance for loan losses $35,000
 $36,072
Allowance for loan losses as a percent of total nonperforming loans 431.83% 742.68%
Nonperforming loans as a percent of loans held for investment 0.09
 0.05
Nonperforming assets as a percent of total assets 0.07
 0.04
  March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
  (Dollars in thousands)
Nonperforming assets    
Investor loans secured by real estate    
CRE non-owner-occupied $877
 $1,088
Multifamily —
 —
Construction and land 1,802
 —
SBA secured by real estate (1)
 392
 390
Total investor loans secured by real estate 3,071
 1,478
Business loans secured by real estate (2)
  
  
CRE owner-occupied 322
 —
Franchise real estate secured —
 —
SBA secured by real estate (3)
 1,112
 928
Total business loans secured by real estate 1,434
 928
Commercial loans (4)
    
Commercial and industrial 5,676
 4,637
Franchise non-real estate secured 9,142
 —
SBA non-real estate secured 929
 1,118
Total commercial loans 15,747
 5,755
Retail loans    
Single family residential (5)
 358
 366
Consumer —
 —
Total retail loans 358
 366
Total nonperforming loans 20,610
 8,527
Other real estate owned 441
 441
Other assets owned —
 —
Total $21,051
 $8,968
     
Allowance for credit losses (6)
 $115,422
 $35,698
Allowance for credit losses as a percent of total nonperforming loans (6)
 560% 419%
Nonperforming loans as a percent of loans held for investment 0.24
 0.10
Nonperforming assets as a percent of total assets 0.18
 0.08

(1) SBA loans that are collateralized by hotel/motel real property.
(2) Loans to businesses that are collateralized by real estate where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(3) SBA loans that are collateralized by real property other than hotel/motel real property.
(4) Loans to businesses where the operating cash flow of the business is the primary source of repayment.
(5) Single family residential includes home equity lines of credit, as well as second trust deeds.
(6) The allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2019 was accounted for under ASC 450 and ASC 310, which is reflective of probable incurred losses as of the balance sheet date. The allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2020 is accounted for under ASC 326, which is reflective of estimated expected lifetime credit losses.


Investment Securities
 
We primarily use our investment portfolio for liquidity purposes, capital preservation and to support our interest rate risk management strategies. Investments totaled $1.30$1.37 billion at September 30, 2019, an increaseMarch 31, 2020, a decrease of $148.7$33.9 million, or 12.9%2.4%, from $1.15$1.41 billion at December 31, 2018.2019. The increasedecrease in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the prior quarter was primarily the result of $605.5$147.5 million in sales and $23.2 million in principal payments, amortization and redemptions, offset by a $104.7 million in purchases and a $50.4$33.7 million increase in mark-to-market fair value adjustment, partially offset by $413.6 million in sales and $93.7 million in calls, principal payments and amortization/accretion.adjustment..

Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted the new CECL accounting standard. The following tables set forthCompany’s assessment of held-to-maturity and available-for-sale investment securities as of January 1, 2020 indicated that an ACL was not required. The Company determined the amortized cost,likelihood of default on held-to-maturity investment securities was remote, and the amount of expected non-repayment on those investments was zero. The Company also analyzed available-for-sale investment securities that were in an unrealized gainsloss position as of January 1, 2020 and losses and estimateddetermined the decline in fair value for those securities was not related to credit, but rather related to changes in interest rates and general market conditions. As of ourJanuary 1, 2020 and March 31, 2020, there was no ACL for the Company’s held-to-maturity and available-for-sale investment securities portfolio at the dates indicated:

  September 30, 2019
  
Amortized
 Cost
 
Unrealized
Gain
 
Unrealized
Loss
 
Estimated
Fair Value
  (dollars in thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale:  
      
U.S. Treasury $60,457
 $3,733
 $—
 $64,190
Agency 251,329
 10,778
 (549) 261,558
Corporate 125,564
 2,255
 (17) 127,802
Municipal bonds 279,593
 14,562
 (56) 294,099
Collateralized mortgage obligation: residential 10,514
 132
 (4) 10,642
Mortgage-backed securities: residential 486,746
 12,570
 (952) 498,364
Total investment securities available-for-sale 1,214,203
 44,030
 (1,578) 1,256,655
Investment securities held-to-maturity:        
Mortgage-backed securities: residential 38,686
 967
 (98) 39,555
Other 1,747
 —
 —
 1,747
Total securities held-to-maturity 40,433
 967
 (98) 41,302
Total investment securities $1,254,636
 $44,997
 $(1,676) $1,297,957

  December 31, 2018
  
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gain
 
Unrealized
Loss
 
Estimated
Fair Value
  (dollars in thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale:  
      
U.S. Treasury $59,688
 $1,224
 $—
 $60,912
Agency 128,958
 1,631
 (519) 130,070
Corporate 104,158
 291
 (906) 103,543
Municipal bonds 238,914
 1,941
 (2,225) 238,630
Collateralized mortgage obligation: residential 24,699
 64
 (425) 24,338
Mortgage-backed securities: residential 554,751
 1,112
 (10,134) 545,729
Total investment securities available-for-sale 1,111,168
 6,263
 (14,209) 1,103,222
Investment securities held-to-maturity:        
Mortgage-backed securities: residential 43,381
 148
 (686) 42,843
Other 1,829
 —
 —
 1,829
Total investment securities held-to-maturity 45,210
 148
 (686) 44,672
Total investment securities $1,156,378
 $6,411
 $(14,895) $1,147,894


securities.

The following table sets forth the fair values and weighted average yields on our investment securities available-for-sale portfolio by contractual maturity at the date indicated:

 September 30, 2019 March 31, 2020
 
One Year
or Less
 
More than One
to Five Years
 
More than Five Years
to Ten Years
 
More than
Ten Years
 Total 
One Year
or Less
 
More than One
to Five Years
 
More than Five Years
to Ten Years
 
More than
Ten Years
 Total
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 
Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Yield
 (dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale:                                        
U.S. Treasury $499
 2.50% $20,702
 2.26% $42,989
 2.90% $—
 —% $64,190
 2.68% $—
 —% $21,555
 2.26% $11,278
 2.83% $—
 —% $32,833
 2.45%
Agency —
 —
 44,453
 2.73
 171,635
 2.48
 45,470
 2.86
 261,558
 2.59
 1,019
 3.07
 43,765
 2.72
 166,661
 2.31
 36,321
 2.80
 247,766
 2.46
Corporate —
 —
 —
 —
 127,802
 4.33
 —
 —
 127,802
 4.33
 —
 —
 —
 —
 176,033
 3.70
 —
 —
 176,033
 3.70
Municipal bonds —
 —
 3,710
 2.30
 36,057
 2.18
 254,332
 2.94
 294,099
 2.84
 9,607
 —
 1,952
 2.60
 32,648
 2.49
 362,890
 2.78
 407,097
 2.69
Collateralized mortgage obligation —
 —
 —
 —
 652
 2.32
 9,990
 2.58
 10,642
 2.56
Collateralized mortgage obligations —
 —
 —
 —
 565
 0.99
 9,091
 2.49
 9,656
 2.39
Mortgage-backed securities —
 —
 2,652
 3.21
 172,752
 2.77
 322,960
 2.70
 498,364
 2.73
 —
 —
 2,436
 3.34
 208,414
 2.73
 253,526
 2.51
 464,376
 2.61
Total securities available-for-sale 499
 2.50
 71,517
 2.59
 551,887
 3.01
 632,752
 2.81
 1,256,655
 2.89
 10,626
 0.29
 69,708
 2.60
 595,599
 2.89
 661,828
 2.67
 1,337,761
 2.75
Investment securities held-to-maturity:                                        
Mortgage-backed securities —
 —
 953
 3.00
 —
 —
 38,602
 2.83
 39,555
 2.84
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 34,550
 2.87
 34,550
 2.87
Other —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 1,747
 0.97
 1,747
 0.97
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 1,688
 0.97
 1,688
 0.97
Total securities held-to-maturity —
 —
 953
 3.00
 —
 —
 40,349
 2.75
 41,302
 2.76
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 36,238
 2.78
 36,238
 2.78
Total securities $499
 2.50% $72,470
 2.60% $551,887
 3.01% $673,101
 2.80% $1,297,957
 2.88% $10,626
 0.29% $69,708
 2.60% $595,599
 2.89% $698,066
 2.68% $1,373,999
 2.75%

Each quarter, we review individual securities classified as available-for-sale to determine whether a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis is other-than-temporary. If it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the debt security, an OTTI write-down is recorded against the security and a loss recognized.
In determining if a security has an OTTI loss, we consider the 1) length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less then amortized cost; 2) financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer; 3) impact of changes in market interest rates; and 4) intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment for a period of time sufficient to allow any anticipated recovery in fair value and whether it is not more likely than not the Company would be required to sell the security. We estimate OTTI losses on a security primarily through:
An evaluation of the present value of estimated cash flows from the security using the current yield to accrete beneficial interest and including assumptions in the prepayment rate, default rate, delinquencies, loss severity and percentage of nonperforming assets;
An evaluation of the estimated payback period to recover principal;
An analysis of the credit support available in the underlying security to absorb losses; and
A review of the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer.
We recorded no impairmentallowance for credit losses onfor available-for-sale or held-to-maturity investment securities in our consolidated statements of income forduring the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.March 31, 2020.

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

Total liabilities were $9.82$9.97 billion at September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, compared to $9.52$9.76 billion at December 31, 2018.2019. The increase of $304.8$209.9 million, or 3.2%2.1%, from December 31, 20182019 was primarily related to a $200.9$194.6 million, or 2.3%2.2%, increase in deposits from December 31, 2018, $45.0and a $9.8 million, or 21.0%, increase in liability for the obligation to make future lease payments as a result of the adoption of ASC 842 - Leases during the year, and a $44.4 million, or 5.7%, increase in total borrowings from December 31, 2018.payments.

Deposits.  At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, deposits totaled $8.86$9.09 billion, an increase of $200.9$194.6 million, or 2.3%2.2%, from $8.66$8.90 billion at December 31, 2018.2019. Non-maturity deposits totaled $7.5$8.02 billion, or 84.8%88.2% of total deposits, an increase of $267.7$169.9 million, or 3.7%2.2%, from December 31, 2018.2019. The increases in deposits included $136.6$92.3 million in money market/savings, $127.8$85.6 million in non-interest bearingnoninterest-bearing checking, $10.4and $100.5 million in brokered certificates of deposit, partially offset by a decrease of $75.8 million in retail certificates of deposit, and $3.3$8.1 million in interest checking, partially offset by a decrease of $77.2 million in brokered certificates of deposit.checking.

The total end of period weighted average rate of deposits at September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 was 0.66%0.40%, an increasea decrease from 0.63%0.53% at December 31, 2018.2019.
 
Our ratio of loans held for investment to deposits was 98.9%96.3% and 102.1%98.0% at September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2018,2019, respectively.
 
The following table sets forth the distribution of the Company’s deposit accounts at the dates indicated and the weighted average interest rates as of the last day of each period for each category of deposits presented:
 
September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Balance % of Total Deposits Weighted Average Rate Balance % of Total Deposits Weighted Average RateBalance % of Total Deposits Weighted Average Rate Balance % of Total Deposits Weighted Average Rate
(dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest-bearing checking$3,623,546
 40.9% —% $3,495,737
 40.3% —%$3,943,260
 43.4% —% $3,857,660
 43.4% —%
Interest-bearing deposits:       
  
  
       
  
  
Checking529,401
 6.0
 0.51
 526,088
 6.1
 0.38
577,966
 6.4
 0.22
 586,019
 6.6
 0.43
Money market3,124,739
 35.3
 0.91
 2,975,578
 34.4
 0.89
3,262,128
 35.9
 0.64
 3,171,164
 35.6
 0.83
Savings237,714
 2.6
 0.16
 250,271
 2.9
 0.14
237,177
 2.6
 0.15
 235,824
 2.7
 0.16
Time deposit accounts:       
  
  
       
  
  
Less than 1.00%84,870
 1.0
 0.50
 151,804
 1.8
 0.45
284,812
 3.1
 0.55
 118,530
 1.3
 0.54
1.00 - 1.99476,003
 5.4
 1.70
 531,469
 6.1
 1.63
586,587
 6.5
 1.34
 613,194
 6.9
 1.58
2.00 - 2.99782,432
 8.8
 2.34
 727,386
 8.4
 2.29
200,550
 2.2
 2.32
 315,530
 3.5
 2.33
3.00 - 3.99583
 —
 3.03
 16
 —
 3.73
592
 —
 3.03
 588
 —
 3.03
4.00 - 4.99—
 —
 —
 2
 —
 4.93
—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
5.00 and greater—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
Total time deposit accounts1,343,888
 15.2
 2.00
 1,410,677
 16.3
 1.84
1,072,541
 11.8
 1.32
 1,047,842
 11.8
 1.69
Total interest-bearing deposits5,235,742
 59.1
 1.12
 5,162,614
 59.7
 1.06
5,149,812
 56.6
 0.71
 5,040,849
 56.6
 0.93
Total deposits$8,859,288
 100.0% 0.66% $8,658,351
 100.0% 0.63%$9,093,072
 100.0% 0.40% $8,898,509
 100.0% 0.53%
 
    


Borrowings.  At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, total borrowings amounted to $822.4$736.3 million, an increase of $44.4$4.1 million, or 5.7%0.6%, from $778.0$732.2 million at December 31, 2018.2019, primarily due to the increase in FHLB advances. At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, total borrowings represented 7.0%6.1% of total assets and had an end of period weighted average rate of 3.0%1.80%, compared with 6.8%6.2% of total assets at a weighted average rate of 3.0%2.77% at December 31, 2018.2019.
 
At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, total borrowings were comprised of the following:
 
FHLB advances of $604.6$521.0 million at 2.09%0.29%;
The Note I subordinatedSubordinated notes of $60.0 million at a fixed rate of 5.75% due September 3, 2024 and a carrying value of $59.4$59.5 million, net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $598,000.$538,000. Interest is payable semiannually at 5.75% per annum;
The Note II subordinatedSubordinated notes of $125.0 million at 4.875% fixed-to-floating rate due May 15, 2029 and a carrying value of $122.6$122.7 million, net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $2.4$2.3 million. Interest is payable semiannually at an initial fixed rate of 4.875% per annum. From and including May 15, 2024, but excluding the maturity date or the date of earlier redemption, the Notes II will bear interest at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 2.50% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears;
$5.2 million of floating rate junior subordinated debt securities associated with Heritage Oaks Capital Trust II. At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, the carrying value of these debentures was $4.0$4.1 million, which reflects purchase accounting fair value adjustments of $1.21$1.18 million. Interest is payable quarterly at three-month LIBOR plus 1.72% per annum, for an effective rate of 4.04%3.63% per annum as of September 30, 2019;
$3.1 million of floating rate junior subordinated debt associated with Mission Community Capital Trust I. At September 30, 2019, the carrying value of this debt was $2.8 million, which reflects purchase accounting fair value adjustments of $290,000. Interest is payable quarterly at three-month LIBOR plus 2.95% per annum, for an effective rate of 5.25% per annum as of September 30, 2019. The junior subordinated debt securities were subsequently redeemed by the Company on October 7, 2019. See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q;March 31, 2020;
$5.2 million of floating rate junior subordinated debt associated Santa Lucia Bancorp (CA) Capital Trust. At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, the carrying value of this debt was $3.9 million, which reflects purchase accounting fair value adjustments $1.3$1.2 million. Interest is payable quarterly at three-month LIBOR plus 1.48% per annum, for an effective rate of 3.78%3.31% per annum as of September 30, 2019;March 31, 2020;
$25.0 million of subordinated notes at a fixed rate of 7.125% inherited as part of the 2017 acquisition of Plaza. At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, the carrying value of these notes was $25.1 million, which reflects purchase accounting fair value adjustments of $139,000.$127,000.

For additional information about the subordinated notes, subordinated debentures and trust preferred securities, see Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
    

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the Company’s borrowed funds at the dates indicated: 

September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Balance 
Weighted
Average Rate
 Balance 
Weighted
Average Rate
Balance 
Weighted
Average Rate
 Balance 
Weighted
Average Rate
(dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
FHLB advances$604,558
 2.09% $667,606
 2.51%$521,017
 0.29% $517,026
 1.69%
Reverse repurchase agreements—
 —
 75
 0.01
—
 —
 —
 —
Subordinated debentures217,825
 5.47
 110,313
 6.04
215,269
 5.43
 215,145
 5.37
Total borrowings$822,383
 2.99% $777,994
 3.01%$736,286
 1.80% $732,171
 2.77%
              
Weighted average cost of
borrowings during the quarter
3.99%  
 2.82%  
3.00%  
 4.07%  
Borrowings as a percent of total assets7.0
  
 6.8
  
6.1
  
 6.2
  
 

Stockholders’ Equity.  Total stockholders’ equity was $1.99$2.0 billion as of September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, a $19.3$9.7 million increasedecrease from $1.97$2.01 billion at December 31, 2018.2019. The current year increasedecrease in stockholders’ equity was primarily duethe result of the cumulative-effect adjustment to $118.6the opening balance of retained earnings of approximately $45.6 million net incomeupon the adoption of the new CECL accounting standard and $7.8 million comprehensive income, partially offset by $100.0 million in stock repurchases and $40.8$14.9 million in cash dividends paid during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2019.March 31, 2020, partially offset by $25.7 million net income and $22.9 million comprehensive income.

Our book value per share increased to $33.50$33.40 at September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 from $31.52$33.82 at December 31, 2018.2019. At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, the Company’s tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio was 10.01%10.06%, a slight decrease from 10.02%10.30% at December 31, 2018.2019.
    
On October 18, 2019,April 28, 2020, the Company's Board of Directors declared a $0.22$0.25 per share dividend, payable on NovemberMay 15, 20192020 to stockholders of record as of November 1, 2019. During the second and third quarter ofMay 8, 20120. On December 2, 2019, the Company completed its thirdCompany’s Board of Directors approved a new stock repurchase program, and repurchased 3,364,761which authorized the repurchase up to $100 million of its common stock. As of March 31, 2020, the Company did not repurchase any shares of commonunder the newly-approved stock at an average price of $29.69 per share with a total market value of $100.0 million,repurchase program. The Company has paused the maximum dollar value of common stock repurchases approved by the Board of Directors.repurchase program indefinitely.


CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
 
Our primary sources of funds are deposits, advances from the FHLB and other borrowings, principal and interest payments on loans and income from investments. While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans are a predictable source of funds, deposit inflows and outflows as well as loan prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions and competition.
 
Our primary sources of funds generated during the first ninethree months of 20192020 were from:
 
Principal payments on loans held for investment of $922.0$325.6 million;
Deposit growth of $194.6 million;
Proceeds of $418.5$97.9 million from the sale or maturity of securities available-for-sale;
Proceeds of $88.7$25.0 million from the of sale of previously classified portfolio loans;
Principal payments on securities of $22.0 million; and
Proceeds of $14.0 million from the sale and principal payments on loans held for sale;
Principal payments on securities of $90.1 million;
Deposit growth of $200.9 million; and
Proceeds from issuance of $125.0 million subordinated notes.sale.

We used these funds to:
 
Originate loans held for investment of $1.06 billion;$343.4 million;
Purchase available-for-sale securities of $603.5$104.7 million;
•
Purchase loans held for investment of $182.5 million
Repurchase the Company’s common stock at a total cost of $100.0 million;$66.5 million
Return capital to shareholders through $14.9 million in dividends; and
Originate loans held for sale of $83.5$10.5 million;
•
Return capital to shareholders through $40.8 million in dividends; and
Redeem junior subordinated debt securities of $15.5 million.


Our most liquid assets are unrestricted cash and short-term investments. The levels of these assets are dependent on our operating, lending and investing activities during any given period. Our liquidity position is continuously monitored and adjustments are made to the balance between sources and uses of funds as deemed appropriate. At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, cash and cash equivalents totaled $427.7$534.0 million, and the market value of our investment securities available-for-sale totaled $1.26$1.34 billion. If additional funds are needed, we have additional sources of liquidity that can be accessed, including FHLB advances, federal fund lines, the Federal Reserve’s lending programs as well as loan and loaninvestment securities sales. As of September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, the maximum amount we could borrow through the FHLB was $5.30$4.71 billion, of which $3.58$2.40 billion was remaining available for borrowing based on collateral pledged of $4.16$4.34 billion in real estate loans. At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, we had $604.6$521.0 million in FHLB borrowings against that available balance.borrowings. At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, we also had unsecured lines of credit aggregating $246.3$193.6 million, which consisted of $193.0 million with other financial institutions from which to draw funds, $3.3 million$552,000 with the FRB and one reverse repurchase line with a correspondent bank of $50.0 million.FRB. As of September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, our liquidity ratio was 16.4%18.4%, which is above the Company’s policy of 10.0%. The Company regularly monitors liquidity and models liquidity stress scenarios to ensure that adequate liquidity is available and has contingency funding plans in place, which are reviewed and tested on a regular, recurring basis.
 
To the extent that 20192020 deposit growth is not sufficient to satisfy our ongoing commitments to fund maturing and withdrawable deposits, repay maturing borrowings, fund existing and future loans or make investments, we may access funds through our FHLB borrowing arrangement, unsecured lines of credit or other sources.
    

The Bank has a policy in place that permits the purchase of brokered funds, in an amount not to exceed 15% of total deposits or 12% of total assets, as a secondary source for funding. At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, we had $340.4$188.9 million in brokered time and money market deposits, which constituted 3.8%2.1% of total deposits and 2.9%1.6% of total assets at that date.

The Corporation is a corporate entity separate and apart from the Bank that must provide for its own liquidity. The Corporation’s primary sources of liquidity are dividends from the Bank. There are statutory and
regulatory provisions that limit the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Corporation. Management believes
that such restrictions will not have a material impact on the ability of the Corporation to meet its ongoing cash
obligations. During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, the Bank paid $41.1$14.9 million in dividends to the Corporation.

The Corporation maintains additional sources of liquidity at the Corporation level. The $15.0 milliona line of credit with Wells FargoUS Bank established in June 2017 matured in June 2019. A newof 2019, with availability of $15.0 million line of credit was established with US Bank on July 1, 2019 andthat will expire on July 1, 2020. In May 2019,This line of credit provides an additional source of liquidity at the Corporation issued $125.0 millionaggregate principal amount of its 4.875% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due May 15, 2029,level and had no outstanding balance at a public offering price equal to 100%of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes.March 31, 2020.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, the Corporation made a quarterly dividend payment of $0.22$0.25 per share. In October 2019,On April 24, 2020, the Company's Board of Directors declared a $0.22$0.25 per share dividend, payable on NovemberMay 15, 20192020 to stockholders of record as of November 1, 2019.May 8, 2020. The Corporation’s Board of Directors periodically reviews whether to declare or pay cash dividends, taking into account, among other things, general business conditions, the Company’s financial results, future prospects, capital requirements, legal and regulatory restrictions, and such other factors as the Corporation’s Board of Directors may deem relevant.

During the third quarter of 2019, the Company repurchased 1,145,515 shares of common stock at an average price of $29.68 per share with a total market value of $34.0 million under its stock repurchase program. The total number of common stock shares repurchased during the second and third quarters of 2019 under the program was 3,364,761 shares for a total of $100 million, or $29.69 per share, the maximum dollar value of common stock repurchases approved by the Board of Directors. The Company's third stock repurchase program has been completed. See Part II, Item 2 - Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds for additional information.


Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Commitments
 
Contractual Obligations.  The Company enters into contractual obligations in the normal course of business primarily as a source of funds for its asset growth and to meet required capital needs.
 
The following schedule summarizes maturities and payments due on our obligations and commitments, excluding accrued interest, as of the date indicated:
September 30, 2019March 31, 2020
Less than 1 year 1 - 3 years 3 - 5 years More than 5 years TotalLess than 1 year 1 - 3 years 3 - 5 years More than 5 years Total
(dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Contractual obligations   
  
       
  
    
FHLB advances$566,500
 $38,058
 $—
 $—
 $604,558
$500,000
 $21,017
 $—
 $—
 $521,017
Subordinated debentures—
 —
 59,402
 158,423
 217,825
—
 —
 59,462
 155,807
 215,269
Certificates of deposit1,110,022
 162,212
 10,635
 61,019
 1,343,888
950,775
 60,261
 8,113
 53,392
 1,072,541
Operating leases9,932
 28,075
 14,217
 1,290
 53,514
11,946
 36,472
 16,089
 2,022
 66,529
Total contractual cash obligations$1,686,454
 $228,345
 $84,254
 $220,732
 $2,219,785
$1,462,721
 $117,750
 $83,664
 $211,221
 $1,875,356
 

Off-Balance Sheet Commitments.  We utilize off-balance sheet commitments in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of our customers and to reduce our own exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. These financial instruments include commitments to originate real estate, business and other loans held for investment, undisbursed loan funds, lines and letters of credit, and commitments to purchase loans and investment securities for portfolio. The contract or notional amounts of those instruments reflect the extent of involvement we have in particular classes of financial instruments.

Commitments to originate loans held for investment are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the commitment. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since some commitments expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Undisbursed loan funds and unused lines of credit on home equity and commercial loans include committed funds not disbursed. Letters of credit are conditional commitments we issue to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. As of September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, we had commitments to extend credit on existing lines and letters of credit of $1.78$1.32 billion, compared to $1.83$1.58 billion at December 31, 2018.2019.
 
The following table summarizes our contractual commitments with off-balance sheet risk by expiration period at the date indicated: 
September 30, 2019March 31, 2020
Less than 1 year 1 - 3 years 3 - 5 years More than 5 years TotalLess than 1 year 1 - 3 years 3 - 5 years More than 5 years Total
(dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Other commitments   
  
       
  
    
Commercial and industrial$840,946
 $312,967
 $44,358
 $43,935
 $1,242,206
$666,713
 $163,538
 $33,262
 $43,379
 $906,892
Construction170,921
 124,446
 —
 18,884
 314,251
104,152
 91,869
 —
 4,130
 200,151
Agribusiness and farmland30,512
 6,879
 560
 1,846
 39,797
27,773
 11,686
 —
 1,831
 41,290
Home equity lines of credit6,862
 4,470
 8,323
 59,002
 78,657
1,964
 4,049
 8,916
 53,264
 68,193
Standby letters of credit13,087
 —
 —
 —
 13,087
30,188
 181
 —
 —
 30,369
Credit card lines1,056
 462
 —
 —
 1,518
All other31,731
 17,546
 12,134
 29,547
 90,958
18,171
 28,306
 3,415
 20,944
 70,836
Total other commitments$1,095,115
 $466,770
 $65,375
 $153,214
 $1,780,474
$848,961
 $299,629
 $45,593
 $123,548
 $1,317,731



Regulatory Capital Compliance
 
The CompanyCorporation and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’sCorporation’s and the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the CompanyCorporation and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company’sCorporation’s and the Bank’s assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company’sCorporation’s and the Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain capital in order to meet certain capital ratios to be considered adequately capitalized or well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. As of the most recent formal notification from the Federal Reserve, the Company and the Bank was categorized as “well capitalized.” There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s categorization.

Final comprehensive regulatory capital rules for U.S. banking organizations pursuant to the capital framework of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, generally referred to as “Basel III”, became effective for the Company and the Bank on January 1, 2015, subject to phase-in periods for certain of their components and other provisions. The most significant of the provisions of the new capital rules, which apply to the Company and the Bank are as follows: the phase-out of trust preferred securities from Tier 1 capital, the higher risk-weighting of high volatility and past due real estate loans and the capital treatment of deferred tax assets and liabilities above certain thresholds.

Beginning January 1, 2016, Basel III implemented a requirement for all banking organizations to maintain a capital conservation buffer above the minimum risk-based capital requirements in order to avoid certain limitations on capital distributions, stock repurchases and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. The capital conservation buffer is exclusively comprised of common equity tier 1 capital, and it applies to each of the three risk-based capital ratios but not to the leverage ratio. The capital conservation buffer increased by 0.625% each year beginning on January 1, 2016, , with additional 0.625% increments annually, until fully phased in at 2.50% by January 1, 2019. At September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, the Company and Bank are in compliance with the capital conservation buffer requirement and exceeded the minimum common equity Tier 1, Tier 1 and total capital ratio, inclusive of the fully phased-in capital conservation buffer, of 7.0%, 8.5% and 10.5%, respectively.

In February 2019, the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies approved a final rule modifying their regulatory capital rules and providing an option to phase-in over a three-year period the Day 1 adverse regulatory capital effects of CECL accounting standard. Additionally, in March 2020, the U.S. Federal bank regulatory agencies issued an interim final rule that provides banking organizations an option to delay the estimated CECL impact on regulatory capital for an additional two years for a total transition period of up to five years to provide regulatory relief to banking organizations to better focus on supporting lending to creditworthy households and businesses in light of recent strains on the U.S. economy as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The capital relief in the interim is calibrated to approximate the difference in allowances under CECL relative to the incurred loss methodology for the first two years of the transition period using a 25% scaling factor. The cumulative difference at the end of the second year of the transition period is then phased in to regulatory capital at 25% per year over a three-year transition period. As a result, entities may gradually phase in the full effect of CECL on regulatory capital over a five-year transition period. The Company implemented the CECL model commencing January 1, 2020 and elected to phase in the full effect of CECL on regulatory capital over the five-year transition period.


As defined in applicable regulations and set forth in the table below, the Company and the Bank continue to exceed the regulatory capital minimum requirements and the Bank continues to exceed the “well capitalized” standards and the required conservation buffer at the dates indicated:
 Actual Minimum Required
For Capital Adequacy Purposes		 Minimum Required Plus Capital Conservation Buffer
Fully
Phased-In		 Minimum Required
For Well Capitalized Requirement		 Actual Minimum Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes Inclusive of Capital Conservation Buffer Minimum Required
For Well Capitalized Requirement
At September 30, 2019 
March 31, 2020 
Pacific Premier Bancorp, Inc. Consolidated  
Tier 1 leverage ratio 10.34% 4.00% 4.00% N/A 10.68% 4.00% N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio 10.93% 4.50% 7.00% N/A 11.59% 7.00% N/A
Tier 1 capital ratio 11.04% 6.00% 8.50% N/A 11.66% 8.50% N/A
Total capital ratio 13.40% 8.00% 10.50% N/A 14.23% 10.50% N/A
  
Pacific Premier Bank  
Tier 1 leverage ratio 12.20% 4.00% 4.00% 5.00% 12.54% 4.00% 5.00%
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio 13.01% 4.50% 7.00% 6.50% 13.70% 7.00% 6.50%
Tier 1 capital ratio 13.01% 6.00% 8.50% 8.00% 13.70% 8.50% 8.00%
Total capital ratio 13.41% 8.00% 10.50% 10.00% 14.28% 10.50% 10.00%
  
 Actual Minimum Required
For Capital Adequacy Purposes		 Minimum Required Plus Capital Conservation Buffer
Fully
Phased-In		 Minimum Required
For Well Capitalized Requirement		 Actual Minimum Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes Inclusive of Capital Conservation Buffer Minimum Required
For Well Capitalized Requirement
At December 31, 2018 
December 31, 2019 
Pacific Premier Bancorp, Inc. Consolidated  
Tier 1 leverage ratio 10.38% 4.00% 4.00% N/A 10.54% 4.00% N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio 10.88% 4.50% 7.00% N/A 11.35% 7.00% N/A
Tier 1 capital ratio 11.13% 6.00% 8.50% N/A 11.42% 8.50% N/A
Total capital ratio 12.39% 8.00% 10.50% N/A 13.81% 10.50% N/A
  
Pacific Premier Bank  
Tier 1 leverage ratio 11.06% 4.00% 4.00% 5.00% 12.39% 4.00% 5.00%
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio 11.87% 4.50% 7.00% 6.50% 13.43% 7.00% 6.50%
Tier 1 capital ratio 11.87% 6.00% 8.50% 8.00% 13.43% 8.50% 8.00%
Total capital ratio 12.28% 8.00% 10.50% 10.00% 13.83% 10.50% 10.00%


Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk
 
Asset/Liability Management and Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of loss in value or reduced earnings from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. The Bank’s market risk arises primarily from interest rate risk in our lending and deposit taking activities. Interest rate risk primarily occurs to the degree that the Bank’s interest-bearing liabilities reprice or mature on a different basis and frequency than its interest-earning assets. The Bank actively monitors and manages its portfolios to limit the adverse effects on net interest income and economic value due to changes in interest rates. The Asset/Liability Committee is responsible for implementing the Bank’s interest rate risk management policy established by the board of directors that sets forth limits of acceptable changes in net interest income (“NII”) and economic value of equity (“EVE”) due to specified changes in interest rates. The principal objective of the Company’s interest rate risk management function is to maintain an interest rate risk profile close to the desired risk profile in light of the interest rate outlook. Management monitors asset and liability maturities and repricing characteristics on a regular basis and evaluates its interest rate risk as it relates to operational strategies.

The Company’s interest rate sensitivity is monitored by management through the use of both a simulation model that quantifies the estimated impact to earnings (“Earnings at Risk”) for a twelve and twenty-four month period, and a model that estimates the change in the Company’s EVE under alternative interest rate scenarios, primarily instantaneous parallel interest rate shifts in 100 basis point increments. The simulation model estimates the impact on NII from changing interest rates on interest earning assets and interest expense paid on interest bearing liabilities. The EVE model computes the net present value of equity by discounting all expected cash flows on assets and liabilities under each rate scenario. For each scenario, the EVE is the present value of all assets less the present value of all liabilities. The EVE ratio is defined as the EVE divided by the market value of assets within the same scenario.

The following table shows the projected NII and net interest margin of the Company at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, assuming instantaneous parallel interest rate shifts in the first period:
March 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)
  Earnings at Risk Projected Net Interest Margin
Change in Rates (Basis Points) $ Amount $ Change % Change Rate %
200 432,938
 (1,282) (0.3) 4.16
100 431,487
 (2,733) (0.6) 4.14
Static 434,220
 —
 —
 4.17
-100 429,720
 (4,500) (1.0) 4.13
-200 424,499
 (9,721) (2.2) 4.08
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)
  Earnings at Risk Projected Net Interest Margin
Change in Rates (Basis Points) $ Amount $ Change % Change Rate %
200 457,284
 2,271
 0.5
 4.33
100 456,115
 1,101
 0.2
 4.32
Static 455,013
 —
 —
 4.31
-100 452,307
 (2,706) (0.6) 4.29
-200 444,418
 (10,595) (2.3) 4.21

The following table shows the EVE and projected change in the EVE of the Company at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, assuming various non-parallel interest rate shifts over a twelve month period:
March 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)
  Economic Value of Equity  EVE as % of market value of portfolio assets
Change in Rates (Basis Points) $ Amount $ Change % Change EVE Ratio
200 2,067,878
 123,225
 6.3
 18.96
100 2,011,605
 66,952
 3.4
 18.00
Static 1,944,653
 —
 —
 16.96
-100 1,821,593
 (123,060) (6.3) 15.47
-200 1,615,491
 (329,162) (16.9) 13.35
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)
  Economic Value of Equity  EVE as % of market value of portfolio assets
Change in Rates (Basis Points) $ Amount $ Change % Change EVE Ratio
200 2,084,891
 106,053
 5.4
 19.77
100 2,042,116
 63,277
 3.2
 18.91
Static 1,978,839
 —
 —
 17.90
-100 1,884,247
 (94,591) (4.8) 16.63
-200 1,728,146
 (250,693) (12.7) 14.86

Based on the modeling of the impact on earnings and EVE from changes in interest rates, the Company’s sensitivity to changes in interest rates is low for rising rates. Earnings at Risk decreases slightly as rates increase given the drop in market and index rates in the quarter, as a number of loans are below their floors, not allowing for the rate to increase immediately as indices rise.  EVE is modeled to increase as rates rise. It is important to note the above tables are forecasts based on several assumptions and that actual results may vary. The forecasts are based on estimates of historical behavior and assumptions by management that may change over time and may turn out to be different. Factors affecting these estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to (1) competitor behavior, (2) economic conditions both locally and nationally, (3) actions taken by the Federal Reserve, (4) customer behavior and (5) management’s responses. Changes that vary significantly from the assumptions and estimates may have significant effects on the Company’s earnings and EVE.

The Company does not have any direct market risk from foreign exchange or commodity exposures.

Management believes that there have been no material changes in our quantitative and qualitative information about market risk since December 31, 2018.2019. For a complete discussion of our quantitative and qualitative market risk, see “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk” in our 2018 Annual Report.2019 Form 10-K.


 


Item 4.  Controls and Procedures
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, an evaluation was carried out by our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
 
Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
 
Beginning January 1, 2020, the Company adopted the CECL model under ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”. The Company made changes to the loan loss reserve policies, processes and controls and incorporated new policies, process and controls over the estimation of ACL as a result. New controls were established over the review of PD and LGD model to calculate cash flows, economic forecasting projections and historical loss rate model provided by an independent third party. There has been no changeother changes in ourthe Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in RuleRules 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter to which this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q relatesended March 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, ourthe Company’s internal control over financial reporting.


PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1.  Legal Proceedings
There
Anschutz Litigation
On April 2, 2020, the Corporation and its directors were named as defendants in a lawsuit brought in U.S. District Court for the Central District of California captioned Anschutz v. Pacific Premier Bancorp, Inc., et al. (Case No. 8:20-cv-00650).  This lawsuit was brought by Bennett Anschutz, a shareholder of the Corporation.  Mr. Anschutz alleged that the Corporation omitted material facts necessary to make certain statements in the joint proxy statement/prospectus contained in the Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No.33-237188), as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated April 6, 2020, which was declared effective by the SEC on April 7, 2020 (the “Registration Statement”), not false or misleading. The complaint did not specify any damages, but sought the right to enjoin the Corporation’s acquisition of Opus until further disclosures are made, or in the alternative, recover unspecified damages related to the alleged omissions, as well as interest, attorney’s fees and litigation costs. On May 6, 2020, plaintiff voluntarily dismissed the lawsuit, without prejudice, so it is no longer an active litigation.

Parshall Litigation
On April 21, 2020, Opus, the Opus directors, the Corporation, and the Bank were named as defendants in a lawsuit brought in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware captioned Parshall v. Opus Bank et al. (Case No. 1:20-cv-536). This lawsuit was brought by Paul Parshall, an Opus shareholder.  Mr. Parshall alleges that Opus and its directors omitted material pendingfacts necessary to make certain statements in the joint proxy statement/prospectus contained in the Registration Statement not false or misleading. It further alleges that the Corporation and the Bank were each a “controlling person” of Opus, and are therefore liable for those supposedly inadequate disclosures. The lawsuit purports to bring this claim on behalf of a class of similarly-situated Opus shareholders, although no class has yet been certified by the court. The complaint purports to seek, among other things, an order enjoining the consummation of the Proposed Merger and requiring the disclosure of additional or corrected information, or unspecified money damages or other monetary relief. The court has not yet authorized service of the lawsuit, and there has been no litigation activity to date. The Corporation and the Bank intend to file a motion to dismiss the lawsuit.
In addition to the lawsuits described above, the Company is involved in legal proceedings other thanoccurring in the ordinary routine litigation incidental to ourcourse of business. Management believes that none of theneither lawsuit described above nor any legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse impact on the results of operations or financial condition of the Company.
 


Item 1A. Risk Factors
    
The section titled Risk Factors in Part I, Item 1A of Part I of 2018 Annual Report and Item 1A of the Company’s Quarterly Report onour 2019 Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, filed with the SEC on August 8, 2019, contain10-K includes a discussion of the many risks and uncertainties we face, any one or more of which could have a material adverse effect on our risk factors. Exceptbusiness, results of operations, financial condition (including capital and liquidity), or prospects or the value of or return on an investment in the Company. The information presented below provides an update to, the extent that additional factual information disclosedand should be read in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q relates to such risk factors, there are no material changes fromconjunction with, the risk factors and other information contained in our 2019 Form 10-K.

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has led to periods of significant volatility in financial, commodities and other markets and could harm our business and results of operations.

In December 2019, COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Since then, COVID-19 infections have spread to additional countries including the United States. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic. Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances, it is difficult to predict the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on our business, and there is no guarantee that our efforts to address or mitigate the adverse impacts of the coronavirus will be effective. The impact to date has included periods of significant volatility in financial, commodities and other markets. This volatility, if it continues, could have an adverse impact on our customers and on our business, financial condition and results of operations as disclosedwell as our growth strategy.

Our business is dependent upon the willingness and ability of our customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions. The spread of COVID-19 has caused and could continue to cause severe disruptions in the 2018 Annual ReportU.S. economy at large, and has resulted and may continue to result in disruptions to our customers’ businesses, and a decrease in consumer confidence and business generally. In addition, recent actions by US federal, state and local governments to address the pandemic, including travel bans, stay-at-home orders and school, business and entertainment venue closures, may have a significant adverse effect on our customers and the Company’s Quarterly Reportmarkets in which we conduct our business. The extent of impacts resulting from the coronavirus pandemic and other events beyond our control will depend on Form 10-Qfuture developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the coronavirus pandemic and actions taken to contain the coronavirus or its impact, among others.

Disruptions to our customers could result in increased risk of delinquencies, defaults, foreclosures and losses on our loans. The escalation of the pandemic may also negatively impact regional economic conditions for a period of time, resulting in declines in local loan demand, liquidity of loan guarantors, loan collateral (particularly in real estate), loan originations and deposit availability. If the global response to contain COVID-19 escalates or is unsuccessful, we could experience a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.



The spread of the COVID-19 outbreak and the governmental responses may disrupt banking and other financial activity in the areas in which we operate and could potentially create widespread business continuity issues for us.

The outbreak of COVID-19 and the U.S. federal, state and local governmental responses may result in a disruption in the services we provide. We rely on our third-party vendors to conduct business and to process, record, and monitor transactions. If any of these vendors are unable to continue to provide us with these services or experience interruptions in their ability to provide us with these services, it could negatively impact our ability to serve our customers. Furthermore, the coronavirus pandemic could negatively impact the ability of our employees and customers to engage in banking and other financial transactions in the geographic areas in which we operate and could create widespread business continuity issues for us. We also could be adversely affected if key personnel or a significant number of employees were to become unavailable due to infection, quarantine or other effects and restrictions of a COVID-19 outbreak in our market areas. Although we have business continuity plans and other safeguards in place, there is no assurance that such plans and safeguards will be effective. If we are unable to promptly recover from such business disruptions, our business and financial conditions and results of operations would be adversely affected. We also may incur additional costs to remedy damages caused by such disruptions, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our participation in the SBA PPP loan program exposes us to risks related to noncompliance with the PPP, as well as litigation risk related to our administration of the PPP loan program, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Company is a participating lender in the PPP, a loan program administered through the SBA, that was created to help eligible businesses, organizations and self-employed persons fund their operational costs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Under this program, the SBA guarantees 100% of the amounts loaned under the PPP. The PPP opened on April 3, 2020; however, because of the short window between the passing of the CARES Act and the opening of the PPP, there is some ambiguity in the laws, rules and guidance regarding the operation of the PPP, which exposes the Company to risks relating to noncompliance with the PPP. For instance, other financial institutions have experienced litigation related to their process and procedures used in processing applications for the PPP. Any financial liability, litigation costs or reputational damage caused by PPP related litigation could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the Company may be exposed to credit risk on PPP loans if a determination is made by the SBA that there is a deficiency in the manner in which the loan was originated, funded, or serviced. If a deficiency is identified, the SBA may deny its liability under the guaranty, reduce the amount of the guaranty, or, if it has already paid under the guaranty, seek recovery of any loss related to the deficiency from the Company.

Interest rate volatility stemming from COVID-19 could negatively affect our net interest income, lending activities, deposits and profitability.

Our net interest income, lending activities, deposits and profitability could be negatively affected by volatility in interest rates caused by uncertainties stemming from COVID-19.  In March 2020, the Federal Reserve lowered the target range for the federal funds rate to a range from 0 to 0.25 percent, citing concerns about the impact of COVID-19 on markets and stress in the energy sector. A prolonged period of extremely volatile and unstable market conditions would likely increase our funding costs and negatively affect market risk mitigation strategies. Higher income volatility from changes in interest rates and spreads to benchmark indices could cause a loss of future net interest income and a decrease in current fair market values of our assets. Fluctuations in interest rates will impact both the level of income and expense recorded on most of our assets and liabilities and the market value of all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our net income, operating results, or financial condition.



We are subject to increasing credit risk as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which could adversely impact our profitability.

Our business depends on our ability to successfully measure and manage credit risk. As a commercial lender, we are exposed to the risk that the principal of, or interest on, a loan will not be paid timely or at all or that the value of any collateral supporting a loan will be insufficient to cover our outstanding exposure. In addition, we are exposed to risks with respect to the risks resulting from changes in economic and industry conditions and risks inherent in dealing with individual loans and borrowers. As the overall economic climate in the U.S., generally, and in our market areas specifically, experiences material disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic, our borrowers may experience difficulties in repaying their loans and governmental actions may provide payment relief to borrowers affected by COVID-19 and preclude our ability to initiate foreclosure proceedings in certain circumstances and, as a result, the collateral we hold may decrease in value or become illiquid, and the level of our nonperforming loans, charge-offs and delinquencies could rise and require significant additional provisions for credit losses. Additional factors related to the credit quality of certain commercial real estate and multifamily residential loans include the duration of state and local moratoriums on evictions for non-payment of rent or other fees. The payment on these loans that are secured by income producing properties are typically dependent on the successful operation of the related real estate property and may subject us to risks from adverse conditions in the real estate market or the general economy.

We are actively working to support our borrowers to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on them and on our loan portfolio, including through temporary loan modifications that reduce or defer payments for those who experienced a hardship as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although recent regulatory guidance provides that such loan modifications are exempt from the calculation and reporting of TDRs and loan delinquencies, we cannot predict whether such loan modifications may ultimately have an adverse impact on our profitability in future periods. Our inability to successfully manage the increased credit risk caused by the COVID-19 pandemic could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may incur impairments to goodwill or other intangibles as a result of the economic volatility resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and stock price.

As of March 31, 2020, we had $808.3 million recorded as goodwill. We evaluate our goodwill for impairment at least annually. Although we conducted an impairment assessment of goodwill and intangibles in the first quarter ended June 30, 2019.of 2020 and the impairment evaluation did not identify any impairment in the first quarter of 2020, there can be no assurances that prolonged significant negative economic trends resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, including the lack of recovery in the market price of our common stock, or reduced estimates of future cash flows or disruptions to our business, will not result in impairments to goodwill or other intangibles, such as our core deposit intangibles.  If our analysis results in impairment to goodwill or other intangibles, we would be required to record an impairment charge to earnings in our financial statements during the period in which such impairment is determined to exist. Any such change could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and stock price.



Unpredictable future developments related to or resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Because there have been no comparable recent global pandemics that resulted in a similar global impact, we do not yet know the full extent of the COVID-19 pandemic’s  effects on our business, operations, or the global economy as a whole. Any future development will be highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic, the effectiveness of our work from home arrangements, third party providers’ ability to support our operation, and any actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the pandemic.  We are continuing to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic and related risks, although the rapid development and fluidity of the situation precludes any specific prediction as to its ultimate impact on us. However, if the pandemic continues to spread or otherwise results in a continuation or worsening of the current economic and commercial environments, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows as well as our regulatory capital and liquidity ratios could be materially adversely affected and many of the risks described in our 2019 Form 10-K will be heightened.


Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
On October 26, 2018,In December 2019, the Corporation’sCompany’s Board of Directors approved its third stock repurchase program. Under the thirda new stock repurchase program, the Corporation waswhich authorized tothe repurchase up to $100.0$100 million of its common stock. As of March 31, 2020, the Company has not repurchased any shares under the newly-approved stock repurchase program. The program may be limited or terminated at any time without prior notice. The thirdCompany has paused the stock repurchase program replaced and superseded the Corporation’s prior stock repurchase program, which was approved in June 2012 and authorized the repurchase of up to 1,000,000 shares of the Corporation’s common stock. An aggregate of 237,455 shares were repurchased under that program.indefinitely.

The total number of common stock shares repurchased during the second and third quarters of 2019 under the third stock repurchase program was 3,364,761 shares for a total of $100.0 million, or $29.69 per share, the maximum dollar value of common stock repurchases approved by the Board of Directors. With these purchases, the Company's third stock repurchase program has been completed.



The following table summarized repurchasesprovides information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of us or any “affiliated
purchaser” (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act) of our common stock during the thirdfirst quarter of 2019.2020.
Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1, 2019 to July 31, 2019 207,496
 $31.51
 207,496
 $27,486,138
August 1, 2019 to August 31, 2019 938,019
 29.27
 938,019
 —
September 1, 2019 to September 30, 2019 —
 —
 —
 —
Total 1,145,515
   1,145,515
  
Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
January 1, 2020 to January 31, 2020 —
 $—
 —
 $100,000,000
February 1, 2020 to February 29, 2020 —
 —
 —
 100,000,000
March 1, 2020 to March 31, 2020 —
 —
 —
 100,000,000
Total —
   —
  

Item 3.  Defaults Upon Senior Securities
 
NoneNone.
 
Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures
 
Not applicableapplicable.
 
Item 5.  Other Information
 
NoneNone.
 



Item 6.  Exhibits
 
Exhibit 2.1 
Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated as of February 9, 2018,January 31, 2020 by and between Pacific Premier Bancorp, Inc., Pacific Premier Bank and Grandpoint Capital, Inc.Opus Bank (1)
Exhibit 3.1 
Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Pacific Premier Bancorp, Inc. (2)
Exhibit 3.2 
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Pacific Premier Bancorp, Inc. (2)
Exhibit 4.1 
Indenture, dated asSpecimen Stock Certificate of May 8, 2019, between Pacific Premier Bancorp, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association (3)
Exhibit 4.2 
First Supplemental Indenture, dated asDescription of May 8, 2019, between Pacific Premier Bancorp, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association (3)Registrant’s Securities (4)
Exhibit 4.3 
FormLong-term borrowing instruments are omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of 4.875% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due May 15, 2029 (included in Exhibit 4.2) (3)
Regulation S-K. The Company undertakes to furnish copies of such instruments to the SEC upon request.
Exhibit 31.1 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15(d)-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
Exhibit 31.2 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15(d)-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
Exhibit 32 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 101.INS XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
Exhibit 101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
Exhibit 101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
Exhibit 104 The cover page of Pacific Premier Bancorp, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL (contained in Exhibit 101)
   
(1) Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 12, 2018.6, 2020.
(2) Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 15, 2018.
(3) Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-KS-1 (Registration No. 333-20497) filed with the SEC on May 8, 2019.January 27, 1997.
(4) Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2020



SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

  PACIFIC PREMIER BANCORP, INC.,
    
Date:November 7, 2019May 8, 2020By:/s/ Steven R. Gardner
   Steven R. Gardner
   Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
   (Principal Executive Officer)
    
Date:November 7, 2019May 8, 2020By:/s/ Ronald J. Nicolas, Jr.
   Ronald J. Nicolas, Jr.
   Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
   (Principal Financial Officer)



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