UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☑ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended ~~June 30, 2021~~March 31, 2022

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from ____ to ____

Commission File No. 1-13653

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Incorporated under the Laws of Ohio IRS Employer I.D. No. 31-1544320

301 East Fourth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202

(513) 579-2121

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered

Common Stock

AFG

New York Stock Exchange

5.875% Subordinated Debentures due March 30, 2059

AFGB

New York Stock Exchange

5.625% Subordinated Debentures due June 1, 2060

AFGD

New York Stock Exchange

5.125% Subordinated Debentures due December 15, 2059

AFGC

New York Stock Exchange

4.50% Subordinated Debentures due September 15, 2060

AFGE

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☑ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐

Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

As of May 1, 2022, there were 85,102,026 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding, excluding 14.9 million shares owned by subsidiaries.

~~Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:~~

~~Title of Each Class~~

~~Trading Symbol(s)~~

~~Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered~~

~~Common Stock~~

~~AFG~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~

~~5.875% Subordinated Debentures due March 30, 2059~~

~~AFGB~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~

~~5.625% Subordinated Debentures due June 1, 2060~~

~~AFGD~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~

~~5.125% Subordinated Debentures due December 15, 2059~~

~~AFGC~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~

~~4.50% Subordinated Debentures due September 15, 2060~~

~~AFGE~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~

~~As of August 1, 2021, there were 84,749,383 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding, excluding 14.9 million shares owned by subsidiaries.~~

Table of Contents

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

PART I

ITEM 1. — FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (UNAUDITED)

(Dollars in Millions)


		June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020			March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Assets:	Assets:					Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,365	$	1,665	Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,181	$	2,131
Investments:	Investments:					Investments:
Fixed maturities, available for sale at fair value (amortized cost — $9,481 and $8,812; allowance for expected credit losses of $9 and $12)		9,732		9,084
Fixed maturities, available for sale at fair value (amortized cost — $10,954 and $10,193; allowance for expected credit losses of $7 and $9)						Fixed maturities, available for sale at fair value (amortized cost — $10,954 and $10,193; allowance for expected credit losses of $7 and $9)	10,809		10,357
Fixed maturities, trading at fair value	Fixed maturities, trading at fair value	26		24		Fixed maturities, trading at fair value	30		28
Equity securities, at fair value	Equity securities, at fair value	965		889		Equity securities, at fair value	1,022		1,042
Investments accounted for using the equity method	Investments accounted for using the equity method	1,378		1,235		Investments accounted for using the equity method	1,619		1,517
Mortgage loans	Mortgage loans	461		377		Mortgage loans	784		520
Real estate and other investments	Real estate and other investments	198		220		Real estate and other investments	156		150
Total cash and investments	Total cash and investments	16,125		13,494		Total cash and investments	15,601		15,745
Recoverables from reinsurers	Recoverables from reinsurers	3,330		3,288		Recoverables from reinsurers	3,478		3,519
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	Prepaid reinsurance premiums	865		768		Prepaid reinsurance premiums	933		834
Agents’ balances and premiums receivable	Agents’ balances and premiums receivable	1,423		1,229		Agents’ balances and premiums receivable	1,391		1,265
Deferred policy acquisition costs	Deferred policy acquisition costs	258		244		Deferred policy acquisition costs	271		267
Assets of managed investment entities	Assets of managed investment entities	5,086		4,971		Assets of managed investment entities	5,231		5,296
Other receivables	Other receivables	682		678		Other receivables	645		857
Other assets	Other assets	835		977		Other assets	966		902
Goodwill	Goodwill	176		176		Goodwill	246		246
Assets of discontinued annuity operations		0		47,885
Total assets	Total assets	$	28,780	$	73,710	Total assets	$	28,762	$	28,931

Liabilities and Equity:	Liabilities and Equity:					Liabilities and Equity:
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	10,498	$	10,392	Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	10,986	$	11,074
Unearned premiums	Unearned premiums	3,054		2,803		Unearned premiums	3,206		3,041
Payable to reinsurers	Payable to reinsurers	829		807		Payable to reinsurers	910		920
Liabilities of managed investment entities	Liabilities of managed investment entities	5,029		4,914		Liabilities of managed investment entities	5,112		5,220
Long-term debt	Long-term debt	1,963		1,963		Long-term debt	1,917		1,964
Other liabilities	Other liabilities	1,806		1,584		Other liabilities	1,796		1,700
Liabilities of discontinued annuity operations		0		44,458
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	23,179		66,921		Total liabilities	23,927		23,919

Shareholders’ equity:	Shareholders’ equity:					Shareholders’ equity:
Common Stock, 0 par value — 200,000,000 shares authorized — 84,713,927 and 86,345,246 shares outstanding		85		86
Common Stock, no par value — 200,000,000 shares authorized — 85,102,829 and 84,920,965 shares outstanding						Common Stock, no par value — 200,000,000 shares authorized — 85,102,829 and 84,920,965 shares outstanding	85		85
Capital surplus	Capital surplus	1,303		1,281		Capital surplus	1,340		1,330
Retained earnings	Retained earnings	4,023		4,149��		Retained earnings	3,541		3,478
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax		190		1,273
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax						Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(131)		119
Total shareholders’ equity	Total shareholders’ equity	5,601		6,789		Total shareholders’ equity	4,835		5,012
Noncontrolling interests		0		0
Total equity		5,601		6,789
Total liabilities and equity		$	28,780	$	73,710

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity						Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	28,762	$	28,931

Table of Contents

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EARNINGS (UNAUDITED)

(In Millions, Except Per Share Data)


		Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,					Three months ended March 31,
		2021		2020		2021		2020				2022		2021
Revenues:	Revenues:									Revenues:
Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums	Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums	$	1,250	$	1,184	$	2,423	$	2,393	Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums		$	1,302	$	1,173
Net investment income	Net investment income	164		88		352		192		Net investment income		230		188
Realized gains (losses) on:
Securities		43		108		120		(220)
Subsidiary		4		0		4		0

Realized gains (losses) on securities										Realized gains (losses) on securities		(15)		77

Income of managed investment entities:	Income of managed investment entities:									Income of managed investment entities:
Investment income	Investment income	44		49		90		108		Investment income		46		46
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities	Gain (loss) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities	6		(3)		8		(16)		Gain (loss) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities		(5)		2
Other income	Other income	20		19		43		43		Other income		30		23
Total revenues	Total revenues	1,531		1,445		3,040		2,500		Total revenues		1,588		1,509

Costs and Expenses:	Costs and Expenses:									Costs and Expenses:
Property and casualty insurance:	Property and casualty insurance:									Property and casualty insurance:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	Losses and loss adjustment expenses	714		771		1,381		1,478		Losses and loss adjustment expenses		693		667
Commissions and other underwriting expenses	Commissions and other underwriting expenses	390		409		770		829		Commissions and other underwriting expenses		414		380
Interest charges on borrowed money	Interest charges on borrowed money	23		23		47		40		Interest charges on borrowed money		23		24
Expenses of managed investment entities	Expenses of managed investment entities	39		42		78		95		Expenses of managed investment entities		39		39
Other expenses	Other expenses	77		60		141		103		Other expenses		58		64
Total costs and expenses	Total costs and expenses	1,243		1,305		2,417		2,545		Total costs and expenses		1,227		1,174
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes		288		140		623		(45)
Provision (credit) for income taxes		48		37		116		(4)
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations, including noncontrolling interests		240		103		507		(41)
Net earnings (loss) from discontinued operations		762		64		914		(96)
Net earnings (loss), including noncontrolling interests		1,002		167		1,421		(137)
Less: Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests		0		(10)		0		(13)
Net Earnings (Loss) Attributable to Shareholders		$	1,002	$	177	$	1,421	$	(124)
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes										Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes		361		335
Provision for income taxes										Provision for income taxes		71		68
Net earnings from continuing operations										Net earnings from continuing operations		290		267
Net earnings from discontinued operations										Net earnings from discontinued operations		—		152

Earnings (Loss) Attributable to Shareholders per Basic Common Share from:

Net Earnings										Net Earnings		$	290	$	419

Earnings per Basic Common Share:										Earnings per Basic Common Share:
Continuing operations	Continuing operations	$	2.83	$	1.26	$	5.94	$	(0.31)	Continuing operations		$	3.41	$	3.11
Discontinued operations	Discontinued operations	8.95		0.72		10.69		(1.07)		Discontinued operations		—		1.77
Total basic earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders		$	11.78	$	1.98	$	16.63	$	(1.38)
Earnings (Loss) Attributable to Shareholders per Diluted Common Share:
Total basic earnings										Total basic earnings		$	3.41	$	4.88
Earnings per Diluted Common Share:										Earnings per Diluted Common Share:
Continuing operations	Continuing operations	$	2.81	$	1.26	$	5.90	$	(0.31)	Continuing operations		$	3.40	$	3.08
Discontinued operations	Discontinued operations	8.89		0.71		10.61		(1.07)		Discontinued operations		—		1.76
Total diluted earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders		$	11.70	$	1.97	$	16.51	$	(1.38)
Total diluted earnings										Total diluted earnings		$	3.40	$	4.84
Average number of Common Shares:	Average number of Common Shares:									Average number of Common Shares:
Basic	Basic	85.0		89.7		85.5		90.0		Basic		85.0		85.9
Diluted	Diluted	85.6		90.0		86.1		90.0		Diluted		85.2		86.6

Table of Contents

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(In Millions)

Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Net earnings (loss), including noncontrolling interests $ 1,002 $ 167 $ 1,421 $ (137)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during the period 133 1,021 (148) 156
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains) losses included in net earnings (7) (7) (18) 12
Reclassification adjustment for unrealized gains of subsidiaries sold (884) 0 (884) 0
Total net unrealized gains (losses) on securities (758) 1,014 (1,050) 168
Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on cash flow hedges arising during the period 6 12 (1) 48
Reclassification adjustment for investment income included in net earnings (4) (9) (11) (18)
Reclassification adjustment for unrealized gains on cash flow hedges of subsidiaries sold (29) 0 (29) 0
Total net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges (27) 3 (41) 30
Foreign currency translation adjustments 0 4 0 (6)
Pension and other postretirement plans adjustments (“OPRP”):
Unrealized holding losses on pension and OPRP arising during the period (1) 0 (1) 0
Reclassification adjustment for pension settlement loss included in net earnings 9 0 9 0
Total pension and OPRP adjustments 8 0 8 0
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (777) 1,021 (1,083) 192
Total comprehensive income, net of tax 225 1,188 338 55
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 0 (10) 0 (11)
Comprehensive income attributable to shareholders $ 225 $ 1,198 $ 338 $ 66


	Three months ended March 31,
		2022		2021
Net earnings		$	290	$	419

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Unrealized holding losses on securities arising during the period		(247)		(281)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains) losses included in net earnings		2		(11)

Total net unrealized losses on securities		(245)		(292)
Net unrealized losses on cash flow hedges		(4)		(14)




Foreign currency translation adjustments		(1)		—




Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		(250)		(306)



Comprehensive income		$	40	$	113

Table of Contents

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(Dollars in Millions)
Shareholders’ Equity Redeemable
Common Common Stock
and Capital Retained Accumulated
Other Comp. Noncon-
trolling Total Noncon-
trolling
Shares Surplus Earnings Income Total Interests Equity Interests
Balance at March 31, 2021 85,126,062 $ 1,364 $ 4,354 $ 967 $ 6,685 $ 0 $ 6,685
Net earnings — — 1,002 — 1,002 0 1,002
Other comprehensive loss — — — (777) (777) — (777)
Dividends ($14.50 per share) — — (1,232) — (1,232) — (1,232)
Shares issued:
Exercise of stock options 561,732 30 — — 30 — 30
Restricted stock awards 0 — — — — — —
Other benefit plans 27,833 3 — — 3 — 3
Dividend reinvestment plan 34,348 4 — — 4 — 4
Stock-based compensation expense — 2 — — 2 — 2
Shares acquired and retired (916,520) (15) (99) — (114) — (114)
Shares exchanged — benefit plans (14,380) 0 (2) — (2) — (2)
Forfeitures of restricted stock (105,148) — — — — — —
Balance at June 30, 2021 84,713,927 $ 1,388 $ 4,023 $ 190 $ 5,601 $ 0 $ 5,601
Balance at March 31, 2020 89,827,336 $ 1,399 $ 3,616 $ 32 $ 5,047 $ 0 $ 5,047 $ 0
Net earnings (loss) — — 177 — 177 0 177 (10)
Other comprehensive income — — — 1,021 1,021 — 1,021 0
Dividends ($0.45 per share) — — (41) — (41) — (41) 0
Shares issued:
Exercise of stock options 5,250 0 — — 0 — 0 —
Restricted stock awards 0 — — — — — — —
Other benefit plans 51,955 4 — — 4 — 4 —
Dividend reinvestment plan 2,733 — — — — — — —
Stock-based compensation expense — 4 — — 4 — 4 —
Shares acquired and retired (1,194,236) (19) (57) — (76) — (76) —
Shares exchanged — benefit plans (540) 0 0 — 0 — 0 —
Forfeitures of restricted stock (33,091) 0 0 — 0 — 0 —
Other 0 — (10) — (10) 0 (10) 10
Balance at June 30, 2020 88,659,407 $ 1,388 $ 3,685 $ 1,053 $ 6,126 $ 0 $ 6,126 $ 0


		Shareholders’ Equity
	Common	Common Stock and Capital		Retained		Accumulated Other Comp.
	Shares	Surplus		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Total
Balance at December 31, 2021	84,920,965	$	1,415	$	3,478	$	119	$	5,012

Net earnings	—	—		290		—		290
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(250)		(250)
Dividends ($2.56 per share)	—	—		(217)		—		(217)
Shares issued:
Exercise of stock options	105,404	4		—		—		4
Restricted stock awards	151,080	—		—		—		—
Other benefit plans	10,607	1		—		—		1
Dividend reinvestment plan	6,282	1		—		—		1
Stock-based compensation expense	—	6		—		—		6
Shares acquired and retired	(35,201)	(1)		(4)		—		(5)
Shares exchanged — benefit plans	(47,909)	(1)		(6)		—		(7)
Forfeitures of restricted stock	(8,399)	—		—		—		—

Balance at March 31, 2022	85,102,829	$	1,425	$	3,541	$	(131)	$	4,835

Balance at December 31, 2020	86,345,246	$	1,367	$	4,149	$	1,273	$	6,789

Net earnings	—	—		419		—		419
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(306)		(306)
Dividends ($0.50 per share)	—	—		(43)		—		(43)
Shares issued:
Exercise of stock options	403,012	19		—		—		19
Restricted stock awards	207,020	—		—		—		—
Other benefit plans	15,632	2		—		—		2
Dividend reinvestment plan	2,306	—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation expense	—	5		—		—		5
Shares acquired and retired	(1,757,702)	(28)		(164)		—		(192)
Shares exchanged — benefit plans	(76,984)	(1)		(7)		—		(8)
Forfeitures of restricted stock	(12,468)	—		—		—		—

Balance at March 31, 2021	85,126,062	$	1,364	$	4,354	$	967	$	6,685

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (UNAUDITED) — CONTINUED~~

~~(Dollars in Millions)~~
Shareholders’ Equity Redeemable
Common Common Stock
and Capital Retained Accumulated
Other Comp. Noncon-
trolling Total Noncon-
trolling
Shares Surplus Earnings Income Total Interests Equity Interests
Balance at December 31, 2020 86,345,246 $ 1,367 $ 4,149 $ 1,273 $ 6,789 $ 0 $ 6,789
Net earnings — — 1,421 — 1,421 0 1,421
Other comprehensive loss — — — (1,083) (1,083) — (1,083)
Dividends ($15.00 per share) — — (1,275) — (1,275) — (1,275)
Shares issued:
Exercise of stock options 964,744 49 — — 49 — 49
Restricted stock awards 207,020 — — — — — —
Other benefit plans 43,465 5 — — 5 — 5
Dividend reinvestment plan 36,654 4 — — 4 — 4
Stock-based compensation expense — 7 — — 7 — 7
Shares acquired and retired (2,674,222) (43) (263) — (306) — (306)
Shares exchanged — benefit plans (91,364) (1) (9) — (10) — (10)
Forfeitures of restricted stock (117,616) — — — — — —
Balance at June 30, 2021 84,713,927 $ 1,388 $ 4,023 $ 190 $ 5,601 $ 0 $ 5,601
Balance at December 31, 2019 90,303,686 $ 1,397 $ 4,009 $ 863 $ 6,269 $ 0 $ 6,269 $ 0
Cumulative effect of accounting change — — 7 — 7 — 7 —
Net loss — — (124) — (124) 0 (124) (13)
Other comprehensive income — — — 190 190 — 190 2
Dividends ($0.90 per share) — — (81) — (81) — (81) —
Shares issued:
Exercise of stock options 209,343 9 — — 9 — 9 —
Restricted stock awards 227,867 — — — — — — —
Other benefit plans 66,496 5 — — 5 — 5 —
Dividend reinvestment plan 4,350 — — — — — — —
Stock-based compensation expense — 10 — — 10 — 10 —
Shares acquired and retired (2,020,519) (31) (106) — (137) — (137) —
Shares exchanged — benefit plans (96,394) (2) (9) — (11) — (11) —
Forfeitures of restricted stock (35,422) — — — — — — —
Other — — (11) — (11) 0 (11) 11
Balance at June 30, 2020 88,659,407 $ 1,388 $ 3,685 $ 1,053 $ 6,126 $ 0 $ 6,126 $ 0

Table of Contents

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(In Millions)


		Six months ended June 30,					Three months ended March 31,
		2021		2020			2022		2021
Operating Activities:	Operating Activities:					Operating Activities:
Net earnings (loss), including noncontrolling interests		$	1,421	$	(137)
Net earnings						Net earnings	$	290	$	419
Adjustments:	Adjustments:					Adjustments:
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	133		79		Depreciation and amortization	26		99
Annuity benefits	Annuity benefits	377		702		Annuity benefits	—		161
Realized (gains) losses on investing activities	Realized (gains) losses on investing activities	(1,141)		346		Realized (gains) losses on investing activities	15		(158)
Net (purchases) sales of trading securities		(1)		11
Net purchases of trading securities						Net purchases of trading securities	(1)		(3)
Deferred annuity and life policy acquisition costs	Deferred annuity and life policy acquisition costs	(98)		(79)		Deferred annuity and life policy acquisition costs	—		(49)
Change in:	Change in:					Change in:
Reinsurance and other receivables	Reinsurance and other receivables	(147)		46		Reinsurance and other receivables	39		275
Other assets	Other assets	250		211		Other assets	1		164
Insurance claims and reserves	Insurance claims and reserves	349		30		Insurance claims and reserves	77		5
Payable to reinsurers	Payable to reinsurers	22		(68)		Payable to reinsurers	(10)		(54)
Other liabilities	Other liabilities	123		(233)		Other liabilities	18		(25)
Managed investment entities’ assets/liabilities	Managed investment entities’ assets/liabilities	(22)		116		Managed investment entities’ assets/liabilities	172		(38)
Other operating activities, net	Other operating activities, net	(296)		63		Other operating activities, net	(124)		(169)
Net cash provided by operating activities	Net cash provided by operating activities	970		1,087		Net cash provided by operating activities	503		627

Investing Activities:	Investing Activities:					Investing Activities:
Purchases of:	Purchases of:					Purchases of:
Fixed maturities	Fixed maturities	(5,573)		(6,121)		Fixed maturities	(1,682)		(3,443)
Equity securities	Equity securities	(66)		(324)		Equity securities	(45)		(41)
Mortgage loans	Mortgage loans	(90)		(152)		Mortgage loans	(265)		(35)
Equity index options and other investments	Equity index options and other investments	(294)		(501)		Equity index options and other investments	(47)		(164)
Real estate, property and equipment	Real estate, property and equipment	(26)		(20)		Real estate, property and equipment	(23)		(13)

Proceeds from:	Proceeds from:					Proceeds from:
Maturities and redemptions of fixed maturities	Maturities and redemptions of fixed maturities	3,466		2,343		Maturities and redemptions of fixed maturities	959		1,947
Repayments of mortgage loans	Repayments of mortgage loans	14		7		Repayments of mortgage loans	1		12
Sales of fixed maturities	Sales of fixed maturities	665		2,777		Sales of fixed maturities	17		147
Sales of equity securities	Sales of equity securities	452		342		Sales of equity securities	60		350
Sales and settlements of equity index options and other investments	Sales and settlements of equity index options and other investments	530		404		Sales and settlements of equity index options and other investments	59		269
Sales of real estate, property and equipment	Sales of real estate, property and equipment	1		4		Sales of real estate, property and equipment	—		—
Sales of businesses		3,547		0
Cash and cash equivalents of businesses sold		(2,060)		0

Managed investment entities:	Managed investment entities:					Managed investment entities:
Purchases of investments	Purchases of investments	(987)		(603)		Purchases of investments	(357)		(527)
Proceeds from sales and redemptions of investments	Proceeds from sales and redemptions of investments	1,061		540		Proceeds from sales and redemptions of investments	217		557
Other investing activities, net	Other investing activities, net	21		8		Other investing activities, net	(5)		3
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		661		(1,296)
Net cash used in investing activities						Net cash used in investing activities	(1,111)		(938)

Financing Activities:	Financing Activities:					Financing Activities:

Reductions of long-term debt						Reductions of long-term debt	(50)		—
Issuances of Common Stock						Issuances of Common Stock	5		20
Repurchases of Common Stock						Repurchases of Common Stock	(5)		(192)
Cash dividends paid on Common Stock						Cash dividends paid on Common Stock	(216)		(43)
Annuity receipts	Annuity receipts	2,403		2,097		Annuity receipts	—		1,179
Ceded annuity receipts	Ceded annuity receipts	(311)		(78)		Ceded annuity receipts	—		(207)
Annuity surrenders, benefits and withdrawals	Annuity surrenders, benefits and withdrawals	(1,931)		(1,641)		Annuity surrenders, benefits and withdrawals	—		(1,148)
Ceded annuity surrenders, benefits and withdrawals	Ceded annuity surrenders, benefits and withdrawals	282		0		Ceded annuity surrenders, benefits and withdrawals	—		167
Net transfers from variable annuity assets	Net transfers from variable annuity assets	34		28		Net transfers from variable annuity assets	—		25
Additional long-term borrowings		0		439

Issuances of managed investment entities’ liabilities	Issuances of managed investment entities’ liabilities	1,017		0		Issuances of managed investment entities’ liabilities	60		752
Retirements of managed investment entities’ liabilities	Retirements of managed investment entities’ liabilities	(1,045)		(46)		Retirements of managed investment entities’ liabilities	(136)		(725)
Issuances of Common Stock		52		12
Repurchases of Common Stock		(306)		(137)
Cash dividends paid on Common Stock		(1,271)		(81)

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(1,076)		593
Net cash used in financing activities						Net cash used in financing activities	(342)		(172)
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents	Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents	555		384		Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents	(950)		(483)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	2,810		2,314		Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	2,131		2,810
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	3,365	$	2,698	Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	1,181		2,327
Less: cash and cash equivalents at end of period from discontinued operations						Less: cash and cash equivalents at end of period from discontinued operations	—		636
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period from continuing operations						Cash and cash equivalents at end of period from continuing operations	$	1,181	$	1,691

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

INDEX TO NOTES

Accounting Policies

Goodwill and Other Intangibles

Discontinued Operations

Long-Term Debt

~~Sales~~Acquisition and Sale of Businesses

Shareholders’ Equity

Segments of Operations

Income Taxes

Fair Value Measurements

Contingencies

Investments

Insurance

Managed Investment Entities

Subsequent Events

A. Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements for American Financial Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“AFG”) are unaudited; however, management believes that all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals unless otherwise disclosed herein) necessary for fair presentation have been made. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all information and footnotes necessary to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior periods to conform to the current year’s presentation including reclassifying the assets and liabilities of the Annuity subsidiaries sold in May 2021 to assets and liabilities of discontinued annuity operations and their earnings to net earnings (loss) from discontinued operations. See ~~Note B — “Discontinued Operations.”~~presentation. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The results of operations of companies since their formation or acquisition are included in the consolidated financial statements. Events or transactions occurring subsequent to ~~June 30, 2021,~~March 31, 2022, and prior to the filing of this Form 10-Q, have been evaluated for potential recognition or disclosure herein.

Unless otherwise stated, the information in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements relates to AFG’s continuing operations.

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Changes in circumstances could cause actual results to differ materially from those estimates.

Discontinued Operations Disposals of components of an entity that represent a strategic shift and that have a major effect on a reporting entity’s operations and financial results are reported as discontinued operations.

Fair Value Measurements Accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The standards establish a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability (“inputs”) are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect AFG’s assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. AFG did not have any material nonrecurring fair value measurements in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021.~~2022.

~~Credit Losses on Financial Instruments~~ ~~On January 1, 2020, AFG adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13,~~ ~~Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments~~, which provides a new loss model for determining credit-related impairments for financial instruments measured at amortized cost (mortgage loans, premiums receivable and reinsurance recoverables) and requires an entity to estimate the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure or pool of exposures. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical information, current information, as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts, including estimates of prepayments. Expected credit losses, and subsequent increases or decreases in such expected losses, are recorded immediately through net earnings as an allowance that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset, with the net carrying value of the financial asset presented on the balance sheet at the amount expected to be collected. AFG’s portfolio of mortgage loans crosses a wide variety of commercial properties with very strong loan to value ratios and no credit losses in recent years. In addition, the reinsurance used in AFG’s insurance operations is purchased from financially

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strong (highly rated) reinsurers and the Company has a long history of collecting premiums receivable through various economic cycles. At the date of adoption, the impact of adjusting AFG’s existing allowances for uncollectable mortgage loans, premiums receivable and reinsurance recoverables to the allowances calculated under the new guidance resulted in a reduction in the net allowance, which was recorded as the cumulative effect of an accounting change ($7 million increase in retained earnings at January 1, 2020).

The updated guidance also amended the current other-than-temporary impairment model for available for sale debt securities by requiring the recognition of impairments relating to credit losses through an allowance and limits the amount of credit loss to the difference between a security’s amortized cost basis and its fair value. Subsequent increases or decreases in expected credit losses are recorded immediately in net earnings through realized gains (losses).

Investments Equity securities other than those accounted for under the equity method are reported at fair value with holding gains and losses generally recorded in realized gains (losses) on securities. However, AFG records holding gains and losses on ~~securities classified as “trading” under previous guidance,~~ its ~~small~~ portfolio of limited partnerships and similar investments, which do not qualify for equity method accounting and are carried at fair value, and certain other securities classified at purchase as “fair value through net investment income” in net investment income.

Fixed maturity securities classified as “available for sale” are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) in AFG’s Balance Sheet. Fixed maturity securities classified as “trading” are reported at fair value with changes in unrealized holding gains or losses during the period included in net investment income. Mortgage loans (net of any allowance) are carried primarily at the aggregate unpaid balance.

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Premiums and discounts on fixed maturity securities are amortized using the effective interest method. Mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) are amortized over a period based on estimated future principal payments, including prepayments. Prepayment assumptions are reviewed periodically and adjusted to reflect actual prepayments and changes in expectations.

Limited partnerships and similar investments are generally accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, AFG records its share of the earnings or losses of the investee based on when it is reported by the investee in its financial statements rather than in the period in which the investee declares a dividend. AFG’s share of the earnings or losses from equity method investments is generally recorded on a quarter lag due to the timing of the receipt of the investee’s financial statements. AFG’s equity in the earnings (losses) of limited partnerships and similar investments is included in net investment income.

Realized gains or losses on the disposal of fixed maturity securities are determined on the specific identification basis. When a decline in the value of an available for sale fixed maturity is considered to be other-than-temporary at the balance sheet date, an allowance for credit losses (impairment), including any write-off of accrued interest, is charged to earnings (included in realized gains (losses) on securities). If management can assert that it does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that it will have to sell it before recovery of its amortized cost basis (net of allowance), then the impairment ~~allowance~~ is separated into two components: (i) the ~~amount~~allowance related to credit losses (recorded in earnings) and (ii) the amount related to all other factors (recorded in other comprehensive income). The credit-related portion is measured by comparing a security’s amortized cost to the present value of its current expected cash flows discounted at its effective yield prior to the charge. If management intends to sell an impaired security, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery, an impairment is recorded in earnings to reduce the amortized cost (net of allowance) of that security to fair value. The allowance is limited to the difference between a security’s amortized cost basis and its fair value. Subsequent increases or decreases in expected credit losses are recorded immediately in net earnings through realized gains (losses).

Credit Losses on Financial Instruments Measured at Amortized Cost Credit-related impairments for financial instruments measured at amortized cost (mortgage loans, premiums receivable and reinsurance recoverables) reflect estimated credit losses expected over the life of an exposure or pool of exposures. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical information, current information, as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts, including estimates of prepayments. Expected credit losses, and subsequent increases or decreases in such expected losses, are recorded immediately through net earnings as an allowance that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset, with the net carrying value of the financial asset presented on the balance sheet at the amount expected to be collected.

Derivatives Derivatives included in AFG’s Balance Sheet are recorded at fair value. Changes in fair value of derivatives are included in earnings unless the derivatives are designated and qualify as highly effective cash flow hedges. Derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting under GAAP consist primarily of components of certain fixed maturity securities (primarily interest-only and principal only MBS).

To qualify for hedge accounting, at the inception of a derivative contract, AFG formally documents the relationship between the terms of the hedge and the hedged items and its risk management objective. This documentation includes defining how hedge effectiveness is evaluated at the inception date and over the life of the derivative.

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as highly effective cash flow hedges are recorded in AOCI and are reclassified into earnings when the variability of the cash flows from the hedged items impacts earnings. When the change in the fair value of a qualifying cash flow hedge is included in earnings, it is included in the same line item in the statement of earnings as the cash flows from the hedged item. AFG used interest rate swaps that are designated and qualify as highly effective cash flow hedges to mitigate interest rate risk related to certain floating-rate securities.

Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of cost of subsidiaries over AFG’s equity in their underlying net assets at the date of acquisition. Goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to an impairment test at least annually. An entity is not required to complete the quantitative annual goodwill impairment test on a reporting unit if the entity elects to perform a qualitative analysis and determines that it is more likely than not that the reporting unit’s fair value exceeds its carrying amount.

Reinsurance Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with the claim liability associated with the reinsured policies. ~~AFG’s property and casualty insurance subsidiaries report~~AFG reports as assets (i) the estimated reinsurance recoverable on paid and

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unpaid losses, including an estimate for losses incurred but not reported, and (ii) amounts paid or due to reinsurers applicable to the unexpired terms of policies in force. Payable to reinsurers includes ceded premiums due to reinsurers, as well as ceded premiums retained by AFG under contracts to fund ceded

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losses as they become due. AFG also assumes reinsurance from other companies. Earnings on reinsurance assumed is recognized based on information received from ceding companies.

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs (“DPAC”) Policy acquisition costs (principally commissions, premium taxes and certain underwriting and policy issuance costs) directly related to the successful acquisition or renewal of an insurance contract are deferred. DPAC is limited based upon recoverability without any consideration for anticipated investment income and is charged against income ratably over the terms of the related policies. A premium deficiency is recognized if the sum of expected claims costs, claims adjustment expenses and unamortized acquisition costs exceed the related unearned premiums. A premium deficiency is first recognized by charging any unamortized acquisition costs to expense to the extent required to eliminate the deficiency. If the premium deficiency is greater than unamortized acquisition costs, a liability is accrued for the excess deficiency and reported with unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses.

Managed Investment Entities A company is considered the primary beneficiary of, and therefore must consolidate, a variable interest entity (“VIE”) based primarily on its ability to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact that entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses of, or receive benefits from, the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

AFG manages, and has investments in, collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) that are VIEs (see Note G — “Managed Investment Entities”). AFG has determined that it is the primary beneficiary of these CLOs because (i) its role as asset manager gives it the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the CLOs and (ii) through its investment in the CLO debt tranches, it has exposure to CLO losses (limited to the amount AFG invested) and the right to receive CLO benefits that could potentially be significant to the CLOs.

Because AFG has no right to use the CLO assets and no obligation to pay the CLO liabilities, the assets and liabilities of the CLOs are shown separately in AFG’s Balance Sheet. AFG has elected the fair value option for reporting on the CLO assets and liabilities to improve the transparency of financial reporting related to the CLOs. The net gain or loss from accounting for the CLO assets and liabilities at fair value is presented separately in AFG’s Statement of Earnings.

The fair values of a CLO’s assets may differ from the separately measured fair values of its liabilities even though the CLO liabilities only have recourse to the CLO assets. AFG has set the carrying value of the CLO liabilities equal to the fair value of the CLO assets (which have more observable fair values) as an alternative to reporting those liabilities at a separately measured fair value. CLO earnings attributable to AFG’s shareholders are measured by the change in the fair value of AFG’s investments in the CLOs and management fees earned.

At March 31, 2022, assets and liabilities of managed investment entities included $167 million in assets and $137 million in liabilities of a temporary warehousing entity that was established in connection with the formation of a new CLO that is expected to close in May 2022. At closing, all warehoused assets will be transferred to the new CLO and the liabilities will be repaid.

Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses The net liabilities stated for unpaid claims and for expenses of investigation and adjustment of unpaid claims represent management’s best estimate and are based upon (i) the accumulation of case estimates for losses reported prior to the close of the accounting period on direct business written; (ii) estimates received from ceding reinsurers and insurance pools and associations; (iii) estimates of unreported losses (including possible development on known claims) based on past experience; (iv) estimates based on experience of expenses for investigating and adjusting claims; and (v) the current state of the law and coverage litigation. Establishing reserves for asbestos, environmental and other mass tort claims involves considerably more judgment than other types of claims due to, among other things, inconsistent court decisions, an increase in bankruptcy filings as a result of asbestos-related liabilities, novel theories of coverage, and judicial interpretations that often expand theories of recovery and broaden the scope of coverage.

Loss reserve liabilities are subject to the impact of changes in claim amounts and frequency and other factors. Changes in estimates of the liabilities for losses and loss adjustment expenses are reflected in the statement of earnings in the period in which determined. Despite the variability inherent in such estimates, management believes that the liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses are ~~adequate.~~adequate and reasonable.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs related to AFG’s outstanding debt are presented in its Balance Sheet as a direct reduction in the carrying value of long-term debt and are amortized over the life of the related debt using the effective interest method as a component of interest expense. Debt issuance costs related to AFG’s revolving credit facilities are included in other assets in AFG’s Balance Sheet.

Leases Leases for terms of longer than one year are recognized as assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases on the balance sheet based on the present value of contractual cash flows.

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At ~~June 30, 2021~~March 31, 2022 AFG has a ~~$143~~$127 million lease liability included in other liabilities and a lease right-of-use asset of ~~$124~~$111 million included in other assets compared to ~~$159~~$136 million and ~~$139~~$118 million, respectively, at December 31, ~~2020.~~

~~NoncontrollingInterests~~ For balance sheet purposes, noncontrolling interests represent the interests of shareholders other than AFG in consolidated entities. In the statement of earnings, net earnings and losses attributable to noncontrolling interests represents such shareholders’ interest in the earnings and losses of those entities.2021.

Premium Recognition Property and casualty premiums are earned generally over the terms of the policies on a pro rata basis. Unearned premiums represent that portion of premiums written, which is applicable to the unexpired terms of policies in force. On reinsurance assumed from other insurance companies or written through various underwriting organizations, unearned premiums are based on information received from such companies and organizations.

Income Taxes Deferred income taxes are calculated using the liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases and are measured using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance is established to reduce total deferred tax assets to an amount that will more likely than not be realized. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recorded in net earnings in the period that includes the enactment date.

AFG recognizes the tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only when the position is more likely than not to be sustained under examination by the appropriate taxing authority. Interest and penalties on AFG’s reserve for uncertain tax positions are recognized as a component of tax expense.

Stock-Based Compensation All share-based grants are recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over their vesting periods based on their calculated fair value at the date of grant.

AFG records excess tax benefits or deficiencies for share-based payments through income tax expense in the statement of earnings. In addition, AFG accounts for forfeitures of awards when they occur.

Benefit Plans AFG provides retirement benefits to qualified employees of participating companies through the AFG 401(k) Retirement and Savings Plan, a defined contribution plan. AFG makes all contributions to the retirement fund portion of the plan and matches a percentage of employee contributions to the savings fund. Company contributions are expensed in the year for which they are declared. AFG and many of its subsidiaries provide health care and life insurance benefits to eligible retirees. AFG also provides postemployment benefits to former or inactive employees (primarily those on disability) who were not deemed retired under other company plans. The projected future cost of providing these benefits is expensed over the period employees earn such benefits.

Earnings Per Share Although basic earnings per share only considers shares of common stock outstanding during the period, the calculation of diluted earnings per share includes the following adjustments to weighted average common shares related to stock-based compensation plans: ~~second quarter~~first three months of 2022 and 2021 ~~and 2020~~ — ~~0.6~~0.2 million and ~~0.3 million; first six months of 2021 and 2020 — 0.6 million and NaN, respectively.~~0.7 million.

There were ~~0 anti-dilutive potential common shares for the second quarter of 2021 or 2020 or the first six months of 2021 and 0.6 million~~no anti-dilutive potential common shares for the first ~~six~~three months ~~2020 due to AFG’s net loss attributable to shareholders in that period.~~of 2022 or 2021.

Statement of Cash Flows For cash flow purposes, “investing activities” are defined as making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments, property and equipment and businesses. “Financing activities” include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on their investments, borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed. All other activities are considered “operating.” Short-term investments having original maturities of three months or less when purchased are considered to be cash equivalents for purposes of the financial statements.

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B. Discontinued Operations

Annuity Business OnEffective May ~~28,~~31, 2021, AFG completed the sale of its Annuity business to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (“MassMutual”) ~~with an effective date of May 31, 2021.~~. MassMutual acquired Great American Life Insurance Company (“GALIC”) and its two insurance subsidiaries, Annuity Investors Life Insurance Company and Manhattan National Life Insurance Company. In addition to AFG’s annuity operations, these subsidiaries included AFG’s run-off life and long-term care operations. Proceeds from the sale were $3.57 billion (including ~~$32~~$34 million in ~~preliminary~~ post-closing adjustments). and AFG realized a $656 million net gain on the ~~sale.~~sale in the first six months of 2021. The sale continues to be subject to tax-related post-closing adjustments, which are not expected to be ~~final by the end of 2021. Beginning with the first quarter of 2021, the results of the Annuity business sold were reported as discontinued operations~~material and are expected to be completed in ~~accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, which included adjusting prior period results to reflect these operations as discontinued.~~2022.

~~Prior to the sale, AFG acquired approximately $480 million in investments accounted for using the equity method and approximately $100 million of directly owned real estate from GALIC.~~

Details of the assets and liabilities of the Annuity subsidiaries sold were as follows (in millions):
May 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
Assets of businesses sold:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 2,060 $ 1,145
Investments 38,322 38,011
Recoverables from reinsurers 6,748 6,804
Other assets 2,139 1,925
Total assets of discontinued annuity operations 49,269 47,885
Liabilities of businesses sold:
Annuity benefits accumulated 43,690 42,573
Other liabilities 1,801 1,885
Total liabilities of discontinued annuity operations 45,491 44,458
Receivable from AFG for real estate-related investments 0 537
Reclassify AOCI (913) (1,071)
Net investment in annuity businesses sold, excluding AOCI $ 2,865 $ 2,893


	May 31, 2021
Assets of businesses sold:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,060
Investments	38,323
Recoverables from reinsurers	6,748
Other assets	2,152
Total assets of discontinued annuity operations	49,283
Liabilities of businesses sold:
Annuity benefits accumulated	43,690
Other liabilities	1,813
Total liabilities of discontinued annuity operations	45,503

Reclassify AOCI	(913)
Net investment in annuity businesses sold, excluding AOCI	$	2,867

Details of the results of operations for the discontinued annuity operations were (in millions):

Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2021 (*) 2020 2021 (*) 2020
Net investment income $ 299 $ 382 $ 746 $ 797
Realized gains (losses) on securities 31 96 112 (127)
Other income 20 32 52 65
Total revenues 350 510 910 735
Annuity benefits 216 426 377 702
Annuity and supplemental insurance acquisition expenses 24 (35) 136 78
Other expenses 27 41 73 80
Total costs and expenses 267 432 586 860
Earnings (loss) before income taxes from discontinued operations 83 78 324 (125)
Provision (credit) for income taxes on operations 18 14 66 (29)
Net earnings (loss) from operations, net of tax 65 64 258 (96)
Gain on sale, net of tax 697 0 656 0
Net earnings (loss) from discontinued operations $ 762 $ 64 $ 914 $ (96)


	Three months ended March 31, 2021
Net investment income	$	447
Realized gains on securities	81
Other income	32
Total revenues	560
Annuity benefits	161
Annuity and supplemental insurance acquisition expenses	112
Other expenses	46
Total costs and expenses	319
Earnings before income taxes from discontinued operations	241
Provision for income taxes on discontinued operations	48


Tax liabilities triggered by pending sale	41
Net earnings from discontinued operations	$	152

~~(*)Results through the May 31, 2021 effective date of the sale.~~

Net investment income in the table above excludes $22 million and $7 million in the second quarter of 2021 and 2020 and $51 million and $19 million in first six months of 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to the real estate-related entities that AFG acquired from the discontinued annuity operations prior to the completion of the sale.

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The impact of the sale of the annuity business is shown below (in millions):


	May 31, 2021
Cash proceeds	$	~~3,537~~
~~Receivable from MassMutual~~	323,571
Sale related expenses	(8)
Total net proceeds	~~3,561~~3,563

Net investment in annuity businesses sold, excluding AOCI	~~2,865~~2,867
Reclassify net deferred tax asset	~~(210)~~(199)
Pretax gain on sale	~~906~~895
Income tax expense:
Reclassify net deferred tax asset	~~210~~199
Tax liabilities triggered by pending sale in the first quarter of 2021	41
Other	(1)
Total income tax expense	~~250~~239
Net gain on sale	$	656

Summarized cash flows for the discontinued annuity operations were (in millions):

Six months ended June 30,
2021 2020
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 87 $ 605
Net cash used in investing activities (1,709) (1,008)
Net cash provided by financing activities 477 406


	Three months ended March 31, 2021
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	209
Net cash used in investing activities	(734)
Net cash provided by financing activities	16

Derivatives The vast majority of AFG’s derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting were held by the sold annuity subsidiaries. The following table summarizes the gains (losses) included in net earnings ~~(loss)~~ from discontinued operations for changes in the fair value of derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting for the first ~~six~~three months of 2021 ~~and 2020~~ (in millions):

Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
Derivative 2021 2020 2021 2020
MBS with embedded derivatives $ (1) $ 2 $ (1) $ 5
Fixed-indexed and variable-indexed annuities (embedded derivative) (182) (601) (222) 46
Equity index call options 123 383 237 (245)
Equity index put options 3 5 5 (1)
Reinsurance contract (embedded derivative) 0 (3) 1 (1)
$ (57) $ (214) $ 20 $ (196)


Derivative	Three months ended March 31, 2021
MBS with embedded derivatives	$	—

Fixed-indexed and variable-indexed annuities (embedded derivative)	(40)
Equity index call options	114
Equity index put options	2
Reinsurance contract (embedded derivative)	1
	$	77

C. ~~Sales~~Acquisition and Sale of Businesses

Verikai In December 2021, AFG acquired Verikai, Inc., a machine learning and artificial intelligence company that utilizes a predictive risk tool for assessing insurance risk for $120 million using cash on hand at the parent. Verikai will continue to operate as a stand-alone company to service its insurance clients. AFG expects to benefit from Verikai’s predictive risk tool and unique Marketplace solution as it enters the medical stop loss insurance business, with a primary focus on small and underserved risks. AFG may pay up to $50 million in contingent consideration based on performance measures over a multiple year period.

Expenses related to the acquisition were approximately $1 million and were expensed as incurred. The purchase price was allocated to the acquired assets and liabilities of Verikai based on management’s best estimate of fair value as of the acquisition date. While no adjustments were made during the first three months of 2022 and management does not expect significant adjustments, the purchase price allocation continues to be subject to refinement during 2022.

Annuity Operations See Note B — “Discontinued Operations,” for information on the 2021 sale of AFG’s annuity operations.

~~Neon~~ In December 2019, AFG initiated actions to exit the Lloyd’s of London insurance market, which included placing Neon Underwriting Ltd. and its other Lloyd’s subsidiaries in run-off. Neon and its predecessor, Marketform, failed to achieve AFG’s profitability objectives since AFG’s purchase of Marketform in 2008. In December 2020, AFG completed the sale of GAI Holding Bermuda and its subsidiaries, comprising the legal entities that own Neon, to RiverStone Holdings Limited for proceeds of $6 million. The sale completed AFG’s exit from the Lloyd’s of London insurance market. In the second quarter of 2021, AFG recognized a pretax gain on sale of a subsidiary of $4 million related to contingent consideration received on the sale of Neon.

Under GAAP accounting guidance, only disposals of components of an entity that represent a strategic shift and that have a major effect on a reporting entity’s operations and financial results are reported as discontinued operations. Because

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

AFG’s primary business continues to be commercial property and casualty insurance, as well as the immaterial expected impact on AFG’s ongoing results of operations, the sale of Neon was not reported as a discontinued operation.

~~Revenues, costs and expenses, and earnings before income taxes for the subsidiaries sold were (in millions):~~

Three months ended Six months ended
June 30, 2020 June 30, 2020
Net earned premiums $ 61 $ 132
Loss and loss adjustment expenses 66 106
Commissions and other underwriting expenses 38 70
Underwriting loss (43) (44)
Net investment income 0 (6)
Other income and expenses, net 1 (2)
Loss before income taxes and noncontrolling interests $ (42) $ (52)

D. Segments of Operations

Subsequent to the sale of its annuity operations, see Note B — “Discontinued Operations,” AFG manages its business as 2 segments: Property and casualty insurance and Other, which includes holding company costs and operations attributable to the noncontrolling interests of the managed investment entities.

AFG reports its property and casualty insurance business in the following Specialty sub-segments: (i) Property and transportation, which includes physical damage and liability coverage for buses and trucks and other specialty transportation niches, inland and ocean marine, agricultural-related products and other commercial property coverages, (ii) Specialty casualty, which includes primarily excess and surplus, executive and professional liability, general liability, umbrella and excess liability, specialty coverages in targeted markets, customized programs for small to mid-sized businesses and workers’ compensation insurance, and (iii) Specialty financial, which includes risk management insurance programs for lending and leasing institutions (including equipment leasing and collateral and lender-placed mortgage property insurance), fidelity and surety products and trade credit insurance. Premiums and underwriting profit included under Other specialty represent business assumed by AFG’s internal reinsurance program from the operations that make up AFG’s other Specialty sub-segments and amortization of deferred gains on retroactive reinsurance transactions related to the sales of businesses in prior years. AFG’s reportable segments and their components were determined based primarily upon similar economic characteristics, products and services.

The following tables (in millions) show AFG’s revenues and earnings from continuing operations before income taxes by segment and sub-segment.


	Three months ended March 31,
		2022		2021
Revenues
Property and casualty insurance:
Premiums earned:
Specialty
Property and transportation		$	443	$	394
Specialty casualty		639		571
Specialty financial		163		157
Other specialty		57		51

Total premiums earned		1,302		1,173
Net investment income		223		159
Other income		4		4
Total property and casualty insurance		1,529		1,336
Other		74		67
Real estate-related entities (*)		—		29
Total revenues before realized gains (losses)		1,603		1,432
Realized gains (losses) on securities		(15)		77

Total revenues		$	1,588	$	1,509

(*)Represents investment income from the real estate and real estate-related entities acquired from AFG’s discontinued annuity operations while they were held by those operations. Subsequent to the sale of the annuity operations, this income is included in the segment of the acquirer.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

~~The following tables (in millions) show AFG’s revenues and earnings before income taxes by segment and sub-segment.~~


		Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,					Three months ended March 31,
		2021		2020		2021		2020				2022		2021
Revenues
Earnings From Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes										Earnings From Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes
Property and casualty insurance:	Property and casualty insurance:									Property and casualty insurance:
Premiums earned:
Underwriting:										Underwriting:
Specialty	Specialty									Specialty
Property and transportation	Property and transportation	$	453	$	390	$	847	$	776	Property and transportation		$	62	$	56
Specialty casualty	Specialty casualty	588		547		1,159		1,103		Specialty casualty		124		56
Specialty financial	Specialty financial	157		144		314		300		Specialty financial		29		25
Other specialty	Other specialty	52		42		103		82		Other specialty		(7)		(3)
Other lines ~~(a)~~	Other lines ~~(a)~~	0		61		0		132		Other lines ~~(a)~~		(1)		—
Total premiums earned		1,250		1,184		2,423		2,393
Net investment income (b)		143		72		302		165
Other income		1		3		5		8
Total underwriting										Total underwriting		207		134
Investment and other income, net										Investment and other income, net		215		154
Total property and casualty insurance	Total property and casualty insurance	1,394		1,259		2,730		2,566		Total property and casualty insurance		422		288
Other (c)		90		78		186		154
Total revenues before realized gains (losses)		1,484		1,337		2,916		2,720
Other (a)										Other (a)		(46)		(59)
Real estate-related entities (b)										Real estate-related entities (b)		—		29
Total earnings from continuing operations before realized gains (losses) and income taxes										Total earnings from continuing operations before realized gains (losses) and income taxes		376		258
Realized gains (losses) on securities	Realized gains (losses) on securities	43		108		120		(220)		Realized gains (losses) on securities		(15)		77
Realized gain on subsidiary		4		0		4		0
Total revenues		$	1,531	$	1,445	$	3,040	$	2,500

Total earnings from continuing operations before income taxes										Total earnings from continuing operations before income taxes		$	361	$	335

(a)~~Represents premiums earned in the Neon exited lines (which were sold in December 2020) during the second quarter and first six months of 2020.~~

~~(b)~~Includes income of less than $1 million for the second quarter of 2020 and a loss of $6 million in the Neon exited lines in the first six months of 2020 (primarily from the change in fair value of equity securities).

~~(c)~~Includes $22 million and $7 million in the second quarter of 2021 and 2020 and $51 million and $19 million in first six months of 2021 and 2020, respectively, in investment income from real estate-related entities acquired from the discontinued annuity operations prior to closing of the sale.

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~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED~~

Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Earnings (Loss) Before Income Taxes
Property and casualty insurance:
Underwriting:
Specialty
Property and transportation $ 62 $ 33 $ 118 $ 60
Specialty casualty 71 27 127 79
Specialty financial 21 0 46 17
Other specialty (1) (6) (4) (13)
Other lines (a) (1) (45) (1) (47)
Total underwriting 152 9 286 96
Investment and other income, net (b) 136 65 290 149
Total property and casualty insurance 288 74 576 245
Other (c) (47) (42) (77) (70)
Total earnings before realized gains (losses) and income taxes 241 32 499 175
Realized gains (losses) on securities 43 108 120 (220)
Realized gain on subsidiary 4 0 4 0
Total earnings (loss) before income taxes $ 288 $ 140 $ 623 $ (45)

~~(a)Includes an underwriting loss of $43 million in the second quarter of 2020 and $44 million in the first six months of 2020 in the Neon exited lines.~~

~~(b)Includes $1 million and $10 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2020, respectively, in net expenses from the Neon exited lines, before noncontrolling interest.~~

~~(c)~~Includes holding company interest and expenses, ~~and $22 million and~~including a $2 million ~~(net~~loss on retirement of ~~DAC) in the second quarter of 2021 and 2020 and $51 million and $8 million (net of DAC)~~debt in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021 and 2020, respectively, of earnings~~2022.

(b)Represents investment income from the real estate and real estate-related entities acquired from ~~the~~AFG’s discontinued annuity operations ~~prior~~while they were held by those operations. Subsequent to ~~closing~~the sale of the ~~sale.~~annuity operations, this income is included in the segment of the acquirer.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

E. Fair Value Measurements

Accounting standards for measuring fair value are based on inputs used in estimating fair value. The three levels of the hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets (markets in which transactions occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis). AFG’s Level 1 financial instruments consist primarily of publicly traded equity securities, highly liquid government bonds for which quoted market prices in active markets are available and short-term investments of managed investment entities.

Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets (markets in which there are few transactions, the prices are not current, price quotations vary substantially over time or among market makers, or in which little information is released publicly); and valuations based on other significant inputs that are observable in active markets. AFG’s Level 2 financial instruments include corporate and municipal fixed maturity securities, asset-backed securities (“ABS”), mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”), certain non-affiliated common stocks and investments of managed investment entities priced using observable inputs. Level 2 inputs include benchmark yields, reported trades, corroborated broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads and benchmark securities. When non-binding broker quotes can be corroborated by comparison to similar securities priced using observable inputs, they are classified as Level 2.

Level 3 — Valuations derived from market valuation techniques generally consistent with those used to estimate the fair values of Level 2 financial instruments in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable or when the market for a security exhibits significantly less liquidity relative to markets supporting Level 2 fair value measurements. The unobservable inputs may include management’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use based on the best information available at the valuation date. Financial instruments whose fair value is estimated based on non-binding broker quotes or internally developed using significant inputs not based on, or corroborated by, observable market information are classified as Level 3.

The contingent consideration liability (included in other liabilities in AFG’s Balance Sheet) relates to AFG’s December 2021 acquisition of Verikai discussed in Note C — “Acquisition and Sale of Businesses.” The liability is remeasured at fair value at each balance sheet date with changes in fair value recognized in net earnings. To estimate the fair value of the contingent consideration liability, AFG uses a weighted probability-based income approach which includes significant unobservable inputs and is classified as Level 3. There was no change to the estimated fair value of this liability during the first three months of 2022.

As discussed in Note A — “Accounting Policies — Managed Investment Entities,” AFG has set the carrying value of its CLO liabilities equal to the fair value of the CLO assets (which have more observable fair values) as an alternative to reporting those liabilities at separately measured fair values. As a result, the CLO liabilities are categorized within the fair value hierarchy on the same basis (proportionally) as the related CLO assets. Since the portion of the CLO liabilities allocated to Level 3 is derived from the fair value of the CLO assets, these amounts are excluded from the progression of Level 3 financial instruments.

AFG’s management is responsible for the valuation process and uses data from outside sources (including nationally recognized pricing services and broker/dealers) in establishing fair value. AFG’s internal investment professionals are a group of approximately 20 investment professionals whose primary responsibility is to manage AFG’s investment portfolio. These professionals monitor individual investments as well as overall industries and are active in the financial markets on a daily basis. The group is led by AFG’s chief investment officer, who reports directly to one of AFG’s Co-CEOs. Valuation techniques utilized by pricing services and prices obtained from external sources are reviewed by AFG’s internal investment professionals who are familiar with the securities being priced and the markets in which they trade to ensure the fair value determination is representative of an exit price. To validate the appropriateness of the prices obtained, these investment managers consider widely published indices (as benchmarks), recent trades, changes in interest rates, general economic conditions and the credit quality of the specific issuers. In addition, the Company communicates directly with the pricing services regarding the methods and assumptions used in pricing, including verifying, on a test basis, the inputs used by the service to value specific securities.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

Assets and liabilities ~~of continuing operations~~ measured and carried at fair value in the financial statements are summarized below (in millions):


		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
June 30, 2021
March 31, 2022										March 31, 2022
Assets:	Assets:									Assets:
Available for sale (“AFS”) fixed maturities:	Available for sale (“AFS”) fixed maturities:									Available for sale (“AFS”) fixed maturities:
U.S. Government and government agencies	U.S. Government and government agencies	$	218	$	3	$	0	$	221	U.S. Government and government agencies	$	208	$	1	$	—	$	209
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	States, municipalities and political subdivisions	0		2,024		36		2,060		States, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		1,624		33		1,657
Foreign government	Foreign government	0		208		0		208		Foreign government	—		257		—		257
Residential MBS	Residential MBS	0		770		28		798		Residential MBS	—		1,520		11		1,531
Commercial MBS	Commercial MBS	0		130		0		130		Commercial MBS	—		100		—		100
Collateralized loan obligations	Collateralized loan obligations	0		1,378		6		1,384		Collateralized loan obligations	—		1,894		—		1,894
Other asset-backed securities	Other asset-backed securities	0		2,044		315		2,359		Other asset-backed securities	—		2,320		337		2,657
Corporate and other	Corporate and other	4		2,348		220		2,572		Corporate and other	10		2,250		244		2,504
Total AFS fixed maturities	Total AFS fixed maturities	222		8,905		605		9,732		Total AFS fixed maturities	218		9,966		625		10,809
Trading fixed maturities	Trading fixed maturities	0		26		0		26		Trading fixed maturities	—		30		—		30
Equity securities	Equity securities	672		48		245		965		Equity securities	617		44		361		1,022
Assets of managed investment entities (“MIE”)	Assets of managed investment entities (“MIE”)	269		4,802		15		5,086		Assets of managed investment entities (“MIE”)	191		5,028		12		5,231

Total assets of continuing operations accounted for at fair value		$	1,163	$	13,781	$	865	$	15,809
Total assets accounted for at fair value										Total assets accounted for at fair value	$	1,026	$	15,068	$	998	$	17,092
Liabilities:	Liabilities:									Liabilities:
Contingent consideration — acquisitions										Contingent consideration — acquisitions	$	—	$	—	$	23	$	23
Liabilities of managed investment entities	Liabilities of managed investment entities	$	266	$	4,749	$	14	$	5,029	Liabilities of managed investment entities	187		4,914		11		5,112
Other liabilities — derivatives										Other liabilities — derivatives	—		5		—		5
Total liabilities accounted for at fair value										Total liabilities accounted for at fair value	$	187	$	4,919	$	34	$	5,140

Total liabilities of continuing operations accounted for at fair value		$	266	$	4,749	$	14	$	5,029

December 31, 2020
December 31, 2021										December 31, 2021
Assets:	Assets:									Assets:
Available for sale fixed maturities:	Available for sale fixed maturities:									Available for sale fixed maturities:
U.S. Government and government agencies	U.S. Government and government agencies	$	195	$	3	$	0	$	198	U.S. Government and government agencies	$	215	$	1	$	—	$	216
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	States, municipalities and political subdivisions	0		2,273		39		2,312		States, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		1,791		41		1,832
Foreign government	Foreign government	0		176		0		176		Foreign government	—		246		—		246
Residential MBS	Residential MBS	0		877		38		915		Residential MBS	—		946		14		960
Commercial MBS	Commercial MBS	0		90		2		92		Commercial MBS	—		104		—		104
Collateralized loan obligations	Collateralized loan obligations	0		1,046		16		1,062		Collateralized loan obligations	—		1,643		—		1,643
Other asset-backed securities	Other asset-backed securities	0		1,742		305		2,047		Other asset-backed securities	—		2,398		278		2,676
Corporate and other	Corporate and other	4		2,140		138		2,282		Corporate and other	11		2,402		267		2,680
Total AFS fixed maturities	Total AFS fixed maturities	199		8,347		538		9,084		Total AFS fixed maturities	226		9,531		600		10,357
Trading fixed maturities	Trading fixed maturities	0		24		0		24		Trading fixed maturities	—		28		—		28
Equity securities	Equity securities	665		48		176		889		Equity securities	679		50		313		1,042
Assets of managed investment entities	Assets of managed investment entities	217		4,733		21		4,971		Assets of managed investment entities	390		4,893		13		5,296

Total assets of continuing operations accounted for at fair value		$	1,081	$	13,152	$	735	$	14,968
Total assets accounted for at fair value										Total assets accounted for at fair value	$	1,295	$	14,502	$	926	$	16,723
Liabilities:	Liabilities:									Liabilities:
Contingent consideration — acquisitions										Contingent consideration — acquisitions	$	—	$	—	$	23	$	23
Liabilities of managed investment entities	Liabilities of managed investment entities	$	215	$	4,678	$	21	$	4,914	Liabilities of managed investment entities	384		4,823		13		5,220

Total liabilities of continuing operations accounted for at fair value		$	215	$	4,678	$	21	$	4,914
Total liabilities accounted for at fair value										Total liabilities accounted for at fair value	$	384	$	4,823	$	36	$	5,243

Approximately 5%6% of the total assets ~~of continuing operations~~ carried at fair value at ~~June 30, 2021,~~March 31, 2022, were Level 3 assets. Approximately ~~24%~~16% ($~~206~~164 million) of those Level 3 assets were priced using non-binding broker quotes, for which there is a lack of transparency as to the inputs used to determine fair value. Details as to the quantitative inputs are neither provided by the brokers nor otherwise reasonably obtainable by AFG. Approximately ~~$68~~$58 million ~~(8%~~(6%) of the Level 3 assets were priced by pricing services where either a single price was not corroborated, prices varied enough among the providers, or other market factors led management to determine these securities be classified as Level 3 assets. Approximately 19% ($186 million) of the Level 3 assets were equity investments in limited partnerships and similar investments that do not qualify for equity method accounting whose prices were determined based on financial information provided by the limited partnerships.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

Internally developed ~~Level 3 asset fair values of continuing operations represent approximately $491 million (57%) of the total fair value of Level 3 assets at June 30, 2021. Internally priced~~ fixed maturities are priced using a variety of inputs, including appropriate credit spreads over the treasury yield (of a similar duration), trade information and prices of comparable securities and other security specific features (such as optional early redemption). Internally developed ~~prices for equity securities are based primarily on financial information of the entities invested in and sales of comparable~~

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED~~

~~companies. Since internally developed~~ Level 3 asset fair values represent ~~less than 10%~~approximately $590 million (59%) of ~~AFG’s Shareholders’ Equity,~~the total fair value of Level 3 assets at March 31, 2022. Approximately 61% ($361 million) of these internally developed Level 3 assets are priced using a pricing model that uses a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of fixed maturity securities. The credit spread applied by management is the significant unobservable input of the pricing model. In instances where the pricing model suggests a price in excess of 100% and the security is currently callable at 100%, management caps the fair value at 100%. Approximately 28% ($168 million) of these internally developed Level 3 assets are equity securities which are priced primarily using broker quotes and internal models with some inputs that are not market observable. Management believes that any justifiable changes in unobservable inputs used to determine internally developed fair values would not have resulted in a material ~~impact on~~change in AFG’s financial position.

Changes in balances of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value during the ~~second quarter and~~ first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020~~2021 are presented below (in millions). The transfers into and out of Level 3 were due to changes in the availability of market observable inputs. All transfers are reflected in the table at fair value as of the end of the reporting period.

Total realized/unrealized
gains (losses) included in
Balance at March 31, 2021 Net
earnings (loss) OCI Purchases
and
issuances Sales and
settlements Transfer
into
Level 3 Transfer
out of
Level 3 Sale of annuity business Balance at June 30, 2021
AFS fixed maturities:
U.S. government agency $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
State and municipal 39 0 0 0 (3) 0 0 0 36
Residential MBS 27 0 0 0 (1) 3 (1) 0 28
Commercial MBS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Collateralized loan obligations 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
Other asset-backed securities 326 0 1 38 (49) 0 (1) 0 315
Corporate and other 204 (2) 0 22 (2) 1 (3) 0 220
Total AFS fixed maturities 602 (2) 1 60 (55) 4 (5) 0 605
Equity securities 227 18 0 12 (5) 0 (7) 0 245
Assets of MIE 14 (1) 0 1 0 1 0 0 15
Assets of discontinued annuity operations 2,806 15 21 13 (136) 0 0 (2,719) 0
Total Level 3 assets $ 3,649 $ 30 $ 22 $ 86 $ (196) $ 5 $ (12) $ (2,719) $ 865
Liabilities of discontinued annuity operations $ (3,954) $ (183) $ 0 $ (72) $ 66 $ 0 $ 0 $ 4,143 $ 0
Total Level 3 liabilities (*) $ (3,954) $ (183) $ 0 $ (72) $ 66 $ 0 $ 0 $ 4,143 $ 0

Total realized/unrealized
gains (losses) included in
Balance at March 31, 2020 Net
earnings (loss) OCI Purchases
and
issuances Sales and
settlements Transfer
into
Level 3 Transfer
out of
Level 3 Balance at June 30, 2020
AFS fixed maturities:
U.S. government agency $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
State and municipal 41 0 1 0 (1) 0 0 41
Residential MBS 44 0 1 0 (1) 0 (2) 42
Commercial MBS 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
Collateralized loan obligations 44 (1) 3 0 0 9 0 55
Other asset-backed securities 238 1 1 39 (6) 20 0 293
Corporate and other 172 0 2 8 (4) 0 0 178
Total AFS fixed maturities 545 0 8 47 (12) 29 (2) 615
Equity securities 155 1 0 8 0 0 0 164
Assets of MIE 16 (1) 0 0 0 2 0 17
Assets of discontinued annuity operations 2,797 (2) 64 208 (38) 125 (110) 3,044
Total Level 3 assets $ 3,513 $ (2) $ 72 $ 263 $ (50) $ 156 $ (112) $ 3,840
Liabilities of discontinued annuity operations $ (3,099) $ (601) $ 0 $ (46) $ 71 $ 0 $ 0 $ (3,675)
Total Level 3 liabilities (*) $ (3,099) $ (601) $ 0 $ (46) $ 71 $ 0 $ 0 $ (3,675)

~~(*)As previously discussed, these tables exclude the portion of MIE liabilities allocated to Level 3, which are derived from the fair value of the MIE assets.~~


			Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in
	Balance at December 31, 2021		Net earnings (loss)		Other comprehensive income (loss)		Purchases and issuances		Sales and settlements		Transfer into Level 3		Transfer out of Level 3		Balance at March 31, 2022
AFS fixed maturities:
U.S. government agency	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
State and municipal	41		—		(2)		—		(1)		—		(5)		33
Residential MBS	14		—		—		—		(1)		—		(2)		11
Commercial MBS	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Collateralized loan obligations	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other asset-backed securities	278		2		(9)		47		(15)		34		—		337
Corporate and other	267		—		(10)		28		(7)		—		(34)		244
Total AFS fixed maturities	600		2		(21)		75		(24)		34		(41)		625
Equity securities	313		22		—		30		(3)		3		(4)		361
Assets of MIE	13		(1)		—		—		—		—		—		12
Total Level 3 assets	$	926	$	23	$	(21)	$	105	$	(27)	$	37	$	(45)	$	998

Contingent consideration — acquisitions	$	(23)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(23)
Total Level 3 liabilities	$	(23)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(23)

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED


				Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in																			Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in
		Balance at December 31, 2020		Net earnings (loss)		OCI		Purchases and issuances		Sales and settlements		Transfer into Level 3		Transfer out of Level 3		Sale of annuity business		Balance at June 30, 2021			Balance at December 31, 2020		Net earnings (loss)		Other comprehensive income (loss)		Purchases and issuances		Sales and settlements		Transfer into Level 3		Transfer out of Level 3		Balance at March 31, 2021
AFS fixed maturities:	AFS fixed maturities:																			AFS fixed maturities:
U.S. government agency	U.S. government agency	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	U.S. government agency	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
State and municipal	State and municipal	39		0		0		0		(3)		0		0		0		36		State and municipal	39		—		—		—		—		—		—		39
Residential MBS	Residential MBS	38		(3)		0		6		(1)		6		(18)		0		28		Residential MBS	38		(3)		—		6		—		3		(17)		27
Commercial MBS	Commercial MBS	2		0		0		0		0		0		(2)		0		0		Commercial MBS	2		—		—		—		—		—		(2)		—
Collateralized loan obligations	Collateralized loan obligations	16		1		(1)		0		(1)		0		(9)		0		6		Collateralized loan obligations	16		1		(1)		—		(1)		—		(9)		6
Other asset-backed securities	Other asset-backed securities	305		0		1		90		(72)		14		(23)		0		315		Other asset-backed securities	305		—		—		52		(23)		14		(22)		326
Corporate and other	Corporate and other	138		(1)		(1)		106		(20)		3		(5)		0		220		Corporate and other	138		1		(1)		84		(18)		2		(2)		204
Total AFS fixed maturities	Total AFS fixed maturities	538		(3)		(1)		202		(97)		23		(57)		0		605		Total AFS fixed maturities	538		(1)		(2)		142		(42)		19		(52)		602
Equity securities	Equity securities	176		71		0		24		(19)		0		(7)		0		245		Equity securities	176		53		—		12		(14)		—		—		227
Assets of MIE	Assets of MIE	21		3		0		2		0		1		(12)		0		15		Assets of MIE	21		4		—		1		—		—		(12)		14
Assets of discontinued annuity operations	Assets of discontinued annuity operations	2,971		85		(21)		209		(328)		32		(229)		(2,719)		0		Assets of discontinued annuity operations	2,971		70		(43)		196		(191)		32		(229)		2,806
Total Level 3 assets	Total Level 3 assets	$	3,706	$	156	$	(22)	$	437	$	(444)	$	56	$	(305)	$	(2,719)	$	865	Total Level 3 assets	$	3,706	$	126	$	(45)	$	351	$	(247)	$	51	$	(293)	$	3,649

Liabilities of discontinued annuity operations	Liabilities of discontinued annuity operations	$	(3,933)	$	(222)	$	0	$	(146)	$	158	$	0	$	0	$	4,143	$	0	Liabilities of discontinued annuity operations	$	(3,933)	$	(40)	$	—	$	(74)	$	93	$	—	$	—	$	(3,954)
Total Level 3 liabilities (*)		$	(3,933)	$	(222)	$	0	$	(146)	$	158	$	0	$	0	$	4,143	$	0
Total Level 3 liabilities																				Total Level 3 liabilities	$	(3,933)	$	(40)	$	—	$	(74)	$	93	$	—	$	—	$	(3,954)

Total realized/unrealized
gains (losses) included in
Balance at December 31, 2019 Net
earnings (loss) Other
comprehensive
income (loss) Purchases
and
issuances Sales and
settlements Transfer
into
Level 3 Transfer
out of
Level 3 Balance at June 30, 2020
AFS fixed maturities:
U.S. government agency $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
State and municipal 40 0 2 0 (1) 0 0 41
Residential MBS 45 1 (1) 0 (2) 1 (2) 42
Commercial MBS 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
Collateralized loan obligations 1 (1) 3 0 0 52 0 55
Other asset-backed securities 256 (5) 1 61 (47) 27 0 293
Corporate and other 223 (1) (1) 32 (11) 2 (66) 178
Total AFS fixed maturities 571 (6) 4 93 (61) 82 (68) 615
Equity securities 161 (17) 0 11 0 9 0 164
Assets of MIE 17 (2) 0 0 0 2 0 17
Assets of discontinued annuity operations 3,092 (20) 20 361 (212) 258 (455) 3,044
Total Level 3 assets $ 3,841 $ (45) $ 24 $ 465 $ (273) $ 351 $ (523) $ 3,840
Liabilities of discontinued annuity operations $ (3,730) $ 46 $ 0 $ (124) $ 133 $ 0 $ 0 $ (3,675)
Total Level 3 liabilities (*) $ (3,730) $ 46 $ 0 $ (124) $ 133 $ 0 $ 0 $ (3,675)

~~(*)~~Fair Value of Financial Instruments~~As previously discussed, these tables exclude the portion of MIE liabilities allocated to Level 3, which are derived from the~~The carrying value and fair value of financial instruments that are not carried at fair value in the ~~MIE assets.~~financial statements are summarized below (in millions):


	Carrying		Fair Value
	Value		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
March 31, 2022
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,181	$	1,181	$	1,181	$	—	$	—
Mortgage loans	784		768		—		—		768
Total financial assets not accounted for at fair value	$	1,965	$	1,949	$	1,181	$	—	$	768

Long-term debt	$	1,917	$	1,979	$	—	$	1,976	$	3
Total financial liabilities not accounted for at fair value	$	1,917	$	1,979	$	—	$	1,976	$	3

December 31, 2021
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,131	$	2,131	$	2,131	$	—	$	—
Mortgage loans	520		533		—		—		533
Total financial assets not accounted for at fair value	$	2,651	$	2,664	$	2,131	$	—	$	533

Long-term debt	$	1,964	$	2,261	$	—	$	2,258	$	3
Total financial liabilities not accounted for at fair value	$	1,964	$	2,261	$	—	$	2,258	$	3

2018

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

~~Fair Value of Financial InstrumentsThe carrying value and fair value of financial instruments of continuing operations that are not carried at fair value in the financial statements are summarized below (in millions):~~

Carrying Fair Value
Value Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
June 30, 2021
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,365 $ 3,365 $ 3,365 $ 0 $ 0
Mortgage loans 461 479 0 0 479
Total financial assets not accounted for at fair value $ 3,826 $ 3,844 $ 3,365 $ 0 $ 479
Long-term debt $ 1,963 $ 2,294 $ 0 $ 2,291 $ 3
Total financial liabilities not accounted for at fair value $ 1,963 $ 2,294 $ 0 $ 2,291 $ 3
December 31, 2020
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,665 $ 1,665 $ 1,665 $ 0 $ 0
Mortgage loans 377 382 0 0 382
Total financial assets not accounted for at fair value $ 2,042 $ 2,047 $ 1,665 $ 0 $ 382
Long-term debt $ 1,963 $ 2,325 $ 0 $ 2,322 $ 3
Total financial liabilities not accounted for at fair value $ 1,963 $ 2,325 $ 0 $ 2,322 $ 3

F. Investments

Available for sale fixed maturities ~~held by AFG’s continuing operations~~ at ~~June 30, 2021~~March 31, 2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, consisted of the following (in millions):

Amortized
Cost Allowance for Expected Credit Losses Gross Unrealized Net
Unrealized Fair
Value
Gains Losses
June 30, 2021
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Government and government agencies $ 218 $ 0 $ 4 $ (1) $ 3 $ 221
States, municipalities and political subdivisions 1,967 0 93 0 93 2,060
Foreign government 206 0 2 0 2 208
Residential MBS 747 0 53 (2) 51 798
Commercial MBS 127 0 3 0 3 130
Collateralized loan obligations 1,382 1 5 (2) 3 1,384
Other asset-backed securities 2,341 7 29 (4) 25 2,359
Corporate and other 2,493 1 83 (3) 80 2,572
Total fixed maturities $ 9,481 $ 9 $ 272 $ (12) $ 260 $ 9,732
December 31, 2020
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Government and government agencies $ 192 $ 0 $ 6 $ 0 $ 6 $ 198
States, municipalities and political subdivisions 2,196 0 116 0 116 2,312
Foreign government 172 0 4 0 4 176
Residential MBS 859 0 57 (1) 56 915
Commercial MBS 89 0 3 0 3 92
Collateralized loan obligations 1,065 3 4 (4) 0 1,062
Other asset-backed securities 2,040 7 27 (13) 14 2,047
Corporate and other 2,199 2 88 (3) 85 2,282
Total fixed maturities $ 8,812 $ 12 $ 305 $ (21) $ 284 $ 9,084

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED~~

~~Available for sale fixed maturities that are included in assets of discontinued annuity operations at December 31, 2020, consisted of the following (in millions):~~


		Amortized Cost		Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Gross Unrealized				Net Unrealized		Fair Value			Amortized Cost		Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Gross Unrealized				Net Unrealized		Fair Value
						Gains		Losses											Gains		Losses
December 31, 2020
March 31, 2022														March 31, 2022
Fixed maturities:	Fixed maturities:													Fixed maturities:
U.S. Government and government agencies	U.S. Government and government agencies	$	39	$	0	$	5	$	0	$	5	$	44	U.S. Government and government agencies	$	216	$	—	$	1	$	(8)	$	(7)	$	209
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	States, municipalities and political subdivisions	3,053		0		370		(2)		368		3,421		States, municipalities and political subdivisions	1,648		—		22		(13)		9		1,657
Foreign government	Foreign government	31		0		4		0		4		35		Foreign government	266		—		—		(9)		(9)		257
Residential MBS	Residential MBS	1,953		3		194		(4)		190		2,140		Residential MBS	1,550		—		36		(55)		(19)		1,531
Commercial MBS	Commercial MBS	659		0		40		(1)		39		698		Commercial MBS	100		—		—		—		—		100
Collateralized loan obligations	Collateralized loan obligations	3,491		10		23		(13)		10		3,491		Collateralized loan obligations	1,907		1		2		(14)		(12)		1,894
Other asset-backed securities	Other asset-backed securities	5,098		11		142		(53)		89		5,176		Other asset-backed securities	2,725		5		5		(68)		(63)		2,657
Corporate and other	Corporate and other	17,272		4		1,874		(24)		1,850		19,118		Corporate and other	2,542		1		16		(53)		(37)		2,504
Total fixed maturities	Total fixed maturities	$	31,596	$	28	$	2,652	$	(97)	$	2,555	$	34,123	Total fixed maturities	$	10,954	$	7	$	82	$	(220)	$	(138)	$	10,809

December 31, 2021														December 31, 2021
Fixed maturities:														Fixed maturities:
U.S. Government and government agencies														U.S. Government and government agencies	$	216	$	—	$	2	$	(2)	$	—	$	216
States, municipalities and political subdivisions														States, municipalities and political subdivisions	1,758		—		74		—		74		1,832
Foreign government														Foreign government	248		—		—		(2)		(2)		246
Residential MBS														Residential MBS	915		—		48		(3)		45		960
Commercial MBS														Commercial MBS	102		—		2		—		2		104
Collateralized loan obligations														Collateralized loan obligations	1,643		1		3		(2)		1		1,643
Other asset-backed securities														Other asset-backed securities	2,677		7		17		(11)		6		2,676
Corporate and other														Corporate and other	2,634		1		55		(8)		47		2,680
Total fixed maturities														Total fixed maturities	$	10,193	$	9	$	201	$	(28)	$	173	$	10,357

Equity securities ~~held by AFG’s continuing operations,~~ which are reported at fair value with holding gains and losses recognized in net earnings, consisted of the following at ~~June 30, 2021~~March 31, 2022 and December 31, ~~2020~~2021 (in millions):


		June 30, 2021												December 31, 2020												March 31, 2022												December 31, 2021
										Fair Value												Fair Value
		Actual Cost								over (under)				Actual Cost								over (under)				Actual Cost								Fair Value				Actual Cost								Fair Value
				Fair Value				Cost								Fair Value				Cost								Fair Value				over Cost								Fair Value				over Cost
Common stocks	Common stocks			$	455			$	561			$	106			$	516			$	510			$	(6)		Common stocks	$	496			$	578			$	82			$	491			$	586			$	95
Perpetual preferred stocks	Perpetual preferred stocks	358				404				46				369				379				10		Perpetual preferred stocks		407				444				37				403				456				53
Total equity securities carried at fair value	Total equity securities carried at fair value	$	813			$	965			$	152			$	885			$	889			$	4	Total equity securities carried at fair value		$	903			$	1,022			$	119			$	894			$	1,042			$	148

Investments accounted for using the equity method held by AFG’s continuing operations, by category, carrying value and net investment income are as follows (in millions):


		Carrying Value								Net Investment Income																											Net Investment Income
		June 30, 2021				December 31, 2020				Three months ended June 30,								Six months ended June 30,									Carrying Value								Three months ended March 31,
								2021				2020				2021				2020				March 31, 2022					December 31, 2021							2022			2021
Real estate-related investments (*)	Real estate-related investments (*)			$	1,014			$	915			$	45			$	13			$	99				$	38		Real estate-related investments (*)	$	1,195			$	1,130					$	100			$	54
Private equity	Private equity	314				266				24				(13)				45				(17)			Private equity		391				352						33				21
Private debt	Private debt	50				54				2				(6)				5				(4)			Private debt		33				35						—				3
Total investments accounted for using the equity method	Total investments accounted for using the equity method	$	1,378			$	1,235			$	71			$	(6)			$	149			$	17		Total investments accounted for using the equity method		$	1,619			$	1,517					$	133			$	78

(*)Includes 88% ~~invested~~with underlying investments in multi-family properties, ~~2% in single family properties and 10% in other property types as of June 30, 2021 and 87% invested in multi-family properties, 2%~~1% in single family properties and 11% in other property types as of both March 31, 2022 and December 31, ~~2020.~~2021.

The earnings (losses) from these investments are generally reported on a ~~three-month~~quarter lag due to the timing required to obtain the necessary information from the funds. AFG regularly reviews and discusses fund performance with the fund managers

Table of Contents

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

to corroborate the reasonableness of the underlying reported asset values and to assess whether any events have occurred within the lag period that may materially affect the valuation of these investments.

With respect to partnerships and similar investments, ~~AFG’s continuing operations~~AFG had unfunded commitments of ~~$275~~$354 million and ~~$290~~$366 million as of ~~June 30, 2021~~March 31, 2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, respectively.

~~Assets of discontinued annuity operations includes investments accounted for under the equity method of $646 million as of December 31, 2020.~~

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED~~

The following table shows gross unrealized losses (dollars in millions) on available for sale fixed maturities ~~held by AFG’s continuing operations~~ by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at the following balance sheet dates.


		Less Than Twelve Months						Twelve Months or More							Less Than Twelve Months						Twelve Months or More
		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Fair Value as % of Cost		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Fair Value as % of Cost			Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Fair Value as % of Cost		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Fair Value as % of Cost
June 30, 2021
March 31, 2022														March 31, 2022
Fixed maturities:	Fixed maturities:													Fixed maturities:
U.S. Government and government agencies	U.S. Government and government agencies	$	(1)	$	109	99	%	$	0	$	0	0	%	U.S. Government and government agencies	$	(3)	$	114	97	%	$	(5)	$	61	92	%
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	States, municipalities and political subdivisions	0		6		100	%	0		17		100	%	States, municipalities and political subdivisions	(12)		444		97	%	(1)		12		92	%
Foreign government	Foreign government	0		35		100	%	0		0		0	%	Foreign government	(9)		241		96	%	—		—		—	%
Residential MBS	Residential MBS	(1)		82		99	%	(1)		10		91	%	Residential MBS	(55)		1,213		96	%	—		11		100	%
Commercial MBS	Commercial MBS	0		0		0	%	0		0		0	%	Commercial MBS	—		52		100	%	—		—		—	%
Collateralized loan obligations	Collateralized loan obligations	(1)		297		100	%	(1)		235		100	%	Collateralized loan obligations	(12)		1,302		99	%	(2)		78		98	%
Other asset-backed securities	Other asset-backed securities	(1)		288		100	%	(3)		92		97	%	Other asset-backed securities	(63)		2,053		97	%	(5)		82		94	%
Corporate and other	Corporate and other	(2)		119		98	%	(1)		55		98	%	Corporate and other	(49)		1,226		96	%	(4)		68		94	%
Total fixed maturities	Total fixed maturities	$	(6)	$	936	99	%	$	(6)	$	409	99	%	Total fixed maturities	$	(203)	$	6,645	97	%	$	(17)	$	312	95	%

December 31, 2020
December 31, 2021														December 31, 2021
Fixed maturities:	Fixed maturities:													Fixed maturities:
U.S. Government and government agencies	U.S. Government and government agencies	$	0	$	23	100	%	$	0	$	0	0	%	U.S. Government and government agencies	$	(1)	$	92	99	%	$	(1)	$	22	96	%
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	States, municipalities and political subdivisions	0		39		100	%	0		10		100	%	States, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		9		100	%	—		13		100	%
Foreign government	Foreign government	0		7		100	%	0		0		0	%	Foreign government	(2)		160		99	%	—		—		—	%
Residential MBS	Residential MBS	(1)		86		99	%	0		7		100	%	Residential MBS	(3)		419		99	%	—		7		100	%
Commercial MBS	Commercial MBS	0		7		100	%	0		5		100	%	Commercial MBS	—		34		100	%	—		—		—	%
Collateralized loan obligations	Collateralized loan obligations	(1)		192		99	%	(3)		366		99	%	Collateralized loan obligations	(1)		806		100	%	(1)		77		99	%
Other asset-backed securities	Other asset-backed securities	(10)		465		98	%	(3)		92		97	%	Other asset-backed securities	(8)		1,250		99	%	(3)		81		96	%
Corporate and other	Corporate and other	(2)		133		99	%	(1)		17		94	%	Corporate and other	(8)		500		98	%	—		26		100	%
Total fixed maturities	Total fixed maturities	$	(14)	$	952	99	%	$	(7)	$	497	99	%	Total fixed maturities	$	(23)	$	3,270	99	%	$	(5)	$	226	98	%

At ~~June 30, 2021,~~March 31, 2022, the gross unrealized losses on fixed maturities of ~~$12~~$220 million relate to ~~366~~1,128 securities. Investment grade securities (as determined by nationally recognized rating agencies) represented approximately ~~69%~~94% of the gross unrealized loss and ~~91%~~95% of the fair value.

To evaluate fixed maturities for expected credit losses (impairment), management considers whether the unrealized loss is credit-driven or a result of changes in market interest rates, the extent to which fair value is less than cost basis, historical operating, balance sheet and cash flow data from the issuer, third party research and communications with industry specialists and discussions with issuer management.

AFG analyzes its MBS securities for expected credit losses (impairment) each quarter based upon expected future cash flows. Management estimates expected future cash flows based upon its knowledge of the MBS market, cash flow projections (which reflect loan to collateral values, subordination, vintage and geographic concentration) received from independent sources, implied cash flows inherent in security ratings and analysis of historical payment data.

Management believes AFG will recover its cost basis (net of any allowance) in the securities with unrealized losses and that AFG has the ability to hold the securities until they recover in value and had no intent to sell them at ~~June 30, 2021.~~March 31, 2022.

2320

Table of Contents

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

Credit losses on available for sale fixed maturities are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows compared to amortized cost. ~~Beginning January 1, 2020, impairment~~Impairment losses are recognized through an allowance ~~instead of directly writing down the amortized cost. Recoveries~~and recoveries of previously impaired amounts are recorded as an immediate reversal of all or a portion of the allowance. In addition, the allowance on available for sale fixed maturities cannot cause the amortized cost net of the allowance to be below fair value. Accordingly, future changes in the fair value of an impaired security (when the allowance was limited by the fair value) due to reasons other than issuer credit (e.g. changes in market interest rates) result in increases or decreases in the allowance, which are recorded through realized gains (losses) on securities. A progression of the allowance for expected credit losses on fixed maturity securities held by AFG’s continuing operations is shown below (in millions):


		Structured Securities (*)		Corporate and Other		Total			Structured Securities (*)		Corporate and Other		Total
Balance at March 31, 2021		$	9	$	1	$	10

Balance at January 1, 2022								Balance at January 1, 2022	$	8	$	1	$	9
Initial allowance for purchased securities with credit deterioration	Initial allowance for purchased securities with credit deterioration	0		0		0		Initial allowance for purchased securities with credit deterioration	—		—		—
Provision for expected credit losses on securities with no previous allowance	Provision for expected credit losses on securities with no previous allowance	0		0		0		Provision for expected credit losses on securities with no previous allowance	—		—		—
Additions (reductions) to previously recognized expected credit losses	Additions (reductions) to previously recognized expected credit losses	(1)		1		0		Additions (reductions) to previously recognized expected credit losses	(2)		—		(2)
Reductions due to sales or redemptions	Reductions due to sales or redemptions	0		(1)		(1)		Reductions due to sales or redemptions	—		—		—
Balance at June 30, 2021		$	8	$	1	$	9
Balance at March 31, 2022								Balance at March 31, 2022	$	6	$	1	$	7

Balance at March 31, 2020		$	11	$	3	$	14
Balance at January 1, 2021								Balance at January 1, 2021	$	10	$	2	$	12
Initial allowance for purchased securities with credit deterioration	Initial allowance for purchased securities with credit deterioration	0		0		0		Initial allowance for purchased securities with credit deterioration	—		—		—
Provision for expected credit losses on securities with no previous allowance	Provision for expected credit losses on securities with no previous allowance	1		1		2		Provision for expected credit losses on securities with no previous allowance	—		—		—
Additions (reductions) to previously recognized expected credit losses	Additions (reductions) to previously recognized expected credit losses	(1)		(1)		(2)		Additions (reductions) to previously recognized expected credit losses	(1)		—		(1)
Reductions due to sales or redemptions	Reductions due to sales or redemptions	0		0		0		Reductions due to sales or redemptions	—		(1)		(1)
Balance at June 30, 2020		$	11	$	3	$	14

Balance at January 1, 2021		$	10	$	2	$	12

Initial allowance for purchased securities with credit deterioration		0		0		0
Provision for expected credit losses on securities with no previous allowance		0		0		0
Additions (reductions) to previously recognized expected credit losses		(2)		1		(1)
Reductions due to sales or redemptions		0		(2)		(2)
Balance at June 30, 2021		$	8	$	1	$	9

Balance at January 1, 2020		$	0	$	0	$	0
Impact of adoption of new accounting policy		0		0		0
Initial allowance for purchased securities with credit deterioration		0		0		0
Provision for expected credit losses on securities with no previous allowance		12		4		16
Additions (reductions) to previously recognized expected credit losses		(1)		(1)		(2)
Reductions due to sales or redemptions		0		0		0
Balance at June 30, 2020		$	11	$	3	$	14
Balance at March 31, 2021								Balance at March 31, 2021	$	9	$	1	$	10

(*)Includes mortgage-backed securities, collateralized loan obligations and other asset-backed securities.

In the ~~second quarter and~~ first ~~six~~three months of 2022 and 2021, ~~and 2020, AFG’s continuing operations~~AFG did not purchase any securities with expected credit losses.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED~~

The table below sets forth the scheduled maturities of AFG’s available for sale fixed maturities as of ~~June 30, 2021~~March 31, 2022 (dollars in millions). Securities with sinking funds are reported at average maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid by the issuers.


		Amortized		Fair Value					Amortized		Fair Value
		Cost, net (*)		Amount		%			Cost, net (*)		Amount		%
Maturity	Maturity							Maturity
One year or less	One year or less	$	1,045	$	1,059	11	%	One year or less	$	923	$	930	9	%
After one year through five years	After one year through five years	2,553		2,656		27	%	After one year through five years	2,572		2,539		23	%
After five years through ten years	After five years through ten years	1,002		1,053		11	%	After five years through ten years	825		816		8	%
After ten years	After ten years	283		293		3	%	After ten years	351		342		3	%
		4,883		5,061		52	%		4,671		4,627		43	%
Collateralized loan obligations and other ABS (average life of approximately 3-1/2 years)		3,715		3,743		38	%
MBS (average life of approximately 3 years)		874		928		10	%
Collateralized loan obligations and other ABS (average life of approximately 3 years)								Collateralized loan obligations and other ABS (average life of approximately 3 years)	4,626		4,551		42	%
MBS (average life of approximately 5 years)								MBS (average life of approximately 5 years)	1,650		1,631		15	%
Total	Total	$	9,472	$	9,732	100	%	Total	$	10,947	$	10,809	100	%

(*)Amortized cost, net of allowance for expected credit losses.

Certain risks are inherent in fixed maturity securities, including loss upon default, price volatility in reaction to changes in interest rates, and general market factors and risks associated with reinvestment of proceeds due to prepayments or redemptions in a period of declining interest rates.

There were no investments in individual issuers that exceeded 10% of shareholders’ equity at ~~June 30, 2021~~March 31, 2022 or December 31, ~~2020.~~2021.

2521

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

~~Net Unrealized Gain on Fixed Maturity Securities~~ ~~The following table shows (in millions) the components of the net unrealized gain on securities that is included in AOCI in AFG’s Balance Sheet.~~

Pretax Deferred Tax Net
June 30, 2021
Net unrealized gain on fixed maturities $ 260 $ (55) $ 205
December 31, 2020
Net unrealized gain on fixed maturities held by continuing operations $ 284 $ (60) $ 224
Discontinued operations (*):
Net unrealized gain on fixed maturities $ 2,555 $ (536) $ 2,019
Deferred policy acquisition costs — annuity segment (934) 196 (738)
Annuity benefits accumulated (324) 68 (256)
Life, accident and health reserves (3) 0 (3)
Unearned revenue 11 (2) 9
Total net unrealized gain from discontinued operations 1,305 (274) 1,031
Total net unrealized gain on fixed maturity securities $ 1,589 $ (334) $ 1,255

~~(*)~~In addition to adjusting fixed maturity securities classified as “available for sale” to fair value, GAAP requires that deferred policy acquisition costs and certain other balance sheet amounts related to AFG’s discontinued annuity, long-term care and life businesses be adjusted to the extent that unrealized gains and losses from securities would result in adjustments to those balances had the unrealized gains or losses actually been realized.

Net Investment Income The following table shows (in millions) investment income earned and investment expenses incurred in AFG’s continuing operations.


		Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,					Three months ended March 31,
		2021		2020		2021		2020				2022		2021
Investment income:	Investment income:									Investment income:
Fixed maturities	Fixed maturities	$	72	$	77	$	144	$	159	Fixed maturities		$	80	$	72
Equity securities:	Equity securities:									Equity securities:
Dividends	Dividends	7		8		15		18		Dividends		7		8
Change in fair value (a) (b)		8		9		34		(8)
Change in fair value (*)										Change in fair value (*)		7		26
Equity in earnings of partnerships and similar investments	Equity in earnings of partnerships and similar investments	71		(6)		149		17		Equity in earnings of partnerships and similar investments		133		78
Other	Other	8		1		14		9		Other		7		6
Gross investment income	Gross investment income	166		89		356		195		Gross investment income		234		190
Investment expenses	Investment expenses	(2)		(1)		(4)		(3)		Investment expenses		(4)		(2)
Net investment income ~~(b)~~	Net investment income ~~(b)~~	$	164	$	88	$	352	$	192	Net investment income ~~(b)~~		$	230	$	188

~~(a)~~(*)Although the change in the fair value of the majority of AFG’s equity securities is recorded in realized gains (losses) on securities, AFG records holding gains and losses in net investment income on ~~equity securities classified as “trading” under previous guidance and on a small~~its portfolio of limited ~~partnership~~partnerships and similar investments that do not qualify for ~~the~~ equity method ~~of accounting.~~

~~(b)Net investment income in the second quarter~~accounting and first six months of 2020 includes income of less than $1 million and losses of $6 million on investments held by the companies that comprise the Neon exited lines due primarily to the $7 million loss recorded on equitycertain other securities ~~that are carried~~classified at ~~fair~~purchase as “fair value through net investment income.”

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED~~

Realized gains (losses) and changes in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) from continuing operations included in AOCI related to fixed maturity securities are summarized as follows (in millions):


		Three months ended June 30, 2021								Three months ended June 30, 2020									Three months ended March 31, 2022								Three months ended March 31, 2021
		Realized gains (losses)								Realized gains (losses)									Realized gains (losses)								Realized gains (losses)
		Before Impairments		Impairment Allowance		Total		Change in Unrealized		Before Impairments		Impairment Allowance		Total		Change in Unrealized			Before Impairments		Impairment Allowance		Total		Change in Unrealized		Before Impairments		Impairment Allowance		Total		Change in Unrealized
Fixed maturities	Fixed maturities	$	1	$	0	$	1	$	20	$	1	$	0	$	1	$	257	Fixed maturities	$	(4)	$	2	$	(2)	$	(311)	$	(1)	$	1	$	—	$	(44)
Equity securities	Equity securities	42		0		42		0		107		0		107		0		Equity securities	(13)		—		(13)		—		77		—		77		—
Mortgage loans and other investments	Mortgage loans and other investments	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		Mortgage loans and other investments	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total pretax	Total pretax	43		0		43		20		108		0		108		257		Total pretax	(17)		2		(15)		(311)		76		1		77		(44)
Tax effects	Tax effects	(9)		0		(9)		(4)		(23)		0		(23)		(54)		Tax effects	3		—		3		66		(16)		—		(16)		9
Net of tax	Net of tax	$	34	$	0	$	34	$	16	$	85	$	0	$	85	$	203	Net of tax	$	(14)	$	2	$	(12)	$	(245)	$	60	$	1	$	61	$	(35)

		Six months ended June 30, 2021								Six months ended June 30, 2020
		Realized gains (losses)								Realized gains (losses)
		Before Impairments		Impairment Allowance		Total		Change in Unrealized		Before Impairments		Impairment Allowance		Total		Change in Unrealized
Fixed maturities		$	0	$	1	$	1	$	(24)	$	4	$	(14)	$	(10)	$	(20)
Equity securities		119		0		119		0		(211)		0		(211)		0
Mortgage loans and other investments		0		0		0		0		1		0		1		0
Total pretax		119		1		120		(24)		(206)		(14)		(220)		(20)
Tax effects		(25)		0		(25)		5		43		3		46		4
Net of tax		$	94	$	1	$	95	$	(19)	$	(163)	$	(11)	$	(174)	$	(16)

All equity securities other than those accounted for under the equity method are carried at fair value through net earnings. AFG recorded net holding gains (losses) on equity securities from continuing operations during the ~~second quarter and~~ first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020~~2021 on securities that were still owned at ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 ~~and June 30, 2020~~ as follows (in millions):


		Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,					Three months ended March 31,
		2021		2020		2021		2020				2022		2021
Included in realized gains (losses)	Included in realized gains (losses)	$	36	$	86	$	98	$	(206)	Included in realized gains (losses)		$	(13)	$	67
Included in net investment income	Included in net investment income	8		9		34		(1)		Included in net investment income		4		26
		$	44	$	95	$	132	$	(207)			$	(9)	$	93

Gross realized gains and losses (excluding changes in impairment allowance and mark-to-market of derivatives) on available for sale fixed maturity investment transactions from continuing operations consisted of the following (in millions):


		Six months ended June 30,					Three months ended March 31,
		2021		2020			2022		2021
Gross gains	Gross gains	$	3	$	5	Gross gains	$	1	$	2
Gross losses	Gross losses	(1)		(3)		Gross losses	—		(1)

Derivatives Designated and Qualifying as Cash Flow Hedges As of March 31, 2022, AFG has 5 active interest rate swaps that are designated and qualify as highly effective cash flow hedges to mitigate interest rate risk related to certain floating-rate securities included in AFG’s portfolio of fixed maturity securities. The purpose of each of these swaps is to effectively convert a portion of AFG’s floating-rate fixed maturity securities to fixed rates by offsetting the variability in cash flows attributable to changes in short-term LIBOR.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

Under the terms of the swaps, AFG receives fixed-rate interest payments in exchange for variable interest payments based on short-term LIBOR. The notional amounts of the interest rate swaps generally decline over each swap’s respective life (the swaps expire between January 2025 and July 2027) in anticipation of the expected decline in AFG’s portfolio of fixed maturity securities with floating interest rates based on short-term LIBOR. The total outstanding notional amount of AFG’s interest rate swaps was $408 million at March 31, 2022, all of which were entered into in the first three months of 2022. The fair value of the interest rate swaps, all of which were in a liability position and included in other liabilities at March 31, 2022, was $5 million. The net unrealized gain or loss on cash flow hedges is included in AOCI, net of deferred taxes. The amount reclassified from AOCI (before taxes) to net earnings was income of $1 million for the first three months of 2022. A collateral receivable supporting these swaps of $15 million at March 31, 2022 is included in other assets in AFG’s Balance Sheet.

G. Managed Investment Entities

AFG is the investment manager and ~~its subsidiaries have~~it has investments ranging from ~~4.5%~~7.4% to ~~46.8%~~82.7% of the most subordinate debt tranche of 1213 active collateralized loan obligation entities (“CLOs”), which are considered variable interest entities. AFG also owns portions of the senior debt tranches of certain of these CLOs. Upon formation between 2012 and ~~2020,~~2021, these entities issued securities in various senior and subordinate classes and invested the proceeds primarily in secured bank loans, which serve as collateral for the debt securities issued by each CLO. None of the collateral was purchased from AFG. AFG’s investments in the subordinate debt tranches of these entities receive residual income from the CLOs only after the CLOs pay expenses (including management fees to AFG) and interest on and returns of capital to senior levels of debt securities. There are no contractual requirements for AFG to provide additional funding for these entities. AFG has not provided and does not intend to provide any financial support to these entities.

AFG’s maximum exposure to economic loss on the CLOs that it manages is limited to its investment in those CLOs, which had an aggregate fair value of ~~$57~~$119 million (including ~~$45~~$98 million invested in the most subordinate tranches) at ~~June 30, 2021,~~March 31, 2022, and ~~$200~~$76 million at December 31, ~~2020.~~2021.

~~During~~The following table shows a progression of the ~~first six months~~fair value of ~~2020, AFG subsidiaries purchased $57~~AFG's investment in CLO tranches held by continuing operations (in millions):


	Three months ended March 31,
		2022		2021
Balance at beginning of period		$	76	$	57
Purchases		18		—
Sales		—		—
Distributions		(3)		(5)
Change in fair value		(2)		5
Balance at end of period (*)		$	89	$	57

(*)Excludes $30 million ~~face amount~~invested in a temporary warehousing entity that was established in connection with the formation of ~~senior and subordinate tranches of existing CLOs for $39 million. During the first six months of 2021 and 2020, AFG subsidiaries received $38 million and less than $1 million, respectively,~~a new CLO that is expected to close in ~~sale and redemption proceeds from its CLO investments.~~

May 2022.

The revenues and expenses of the CLOs are separately identified in AFG’s Statement of Earnings, after the elimination of management fees and earnings attributable to ~~shareholders of~~ AFG as measured by the change in the fair value of AFG’s investments in the CLOs. Selected financial information related to the CLOs is shown below (in millions):


		Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,					Three months ended March 31,
		2021		2020		2021		2020				2022		2021
Investment in CLO tranches at end of period:
Held by continuing operations		$	57	$	39	$	57	$	39
Held by discontinued annuity operations		0		118		0		118
Total		$	57	$	157	$	57	$	157
Gains (losses) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities (*):	Gains (losses) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities (*):									Gains (losses) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities (*):
Assets	Assets	$	21	$	363	$	67	$	(316)	Assets		$	(57)	$	46
Liabilities	Liabilities	(15)		(366)		(59)		300		Liabilities		52		(44)
Management fees paid to AFG	Management fees paid to AFG	4		4		8		8		Management fees paid to AFG		4		4
CLO earnings (losses) attributable to AFG shareholders:
CLO earnings (losses) attributable to AFG:										CLO earnings (losses) attributable to AFG:
From continuing operations	From continuing operations	$	7	$	0	$	12	$	(11)	From continuing operations		$	(2)	$	5
From discontinued annuity operations	From discontinued annuity operations	7		2		20		(23)		From discontinued annuity operations		—		13
Total	Total	$	14	$	2	$	32	$	(34)	Total		$	(2)	$	18

(*)Included in revenues in AFG’s Statement of Earnings.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

The aggregate unpaid principal balance of the CLOs’ fixed maturity investments exceeded the fair value of the investments by ~~$69~~$123 million and ~~$150~~$72 million at ~~June 30, 2021~~March 31, 2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, respectively. The aggregate unpaid principal balance of the CLOs’ debt exceeded its carrying value by ~~$182~~$223 million and ~~$141~~$187 million at those dates. The CLO assets include loans with an aggregate fair value of $5$4 million at ~~June 30, 2021~~March 31, 2022 and ~~$11~~$9 million at December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, for which the CLOs are not accruing interest because the loans are in default (aggregate unpaid principal balance of ~~$15~~$10 million at ~~June 30, 2021~~March 31, 2022 and ~~$28~~$18 million at December 31, ~~2020)~~2021).

In addition to the CLOs that it manages, ~~AFG’s continuing operations~~AFG had investments in CLOs that are managed by third parties (therefore not consolidated), which are included in available for sale fixed maturity securities and had a fair value of ~~$1.38~~$1.89 billion at ~~June 30, 2021~~March 31, 2022 and ~~$1.06~~$1.64 billion at December 31, ~~2020.~~2021.

H. Goodwill and Other Intangibles

There were 0no changes in the goodwill balance ~~from AFG’s continuing operations~~ of ~~$176~~$246 million during the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021.~~2022.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED~~

Included in other assets in AFG’s Balance Sheet is ~~$30~~$104 million at ~~June 30, 2021~~March 31, 2022 and ~~$34~~$106 million at December 31, ~~2020~~2021 in amortizable intangible assets related to property and casualty insurance acquisitions. These amounts are net of accumulated amortization of ~~$65~~$15 million and ~~$62~~$67 million, respectively. Amortization of intangibles was $1$2 million and $3 million in the ~~second quarter of 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $4 million and $6 million in the~~ first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020,~~2021, respectively.

I. Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following (in millions):


		June 30, 2021						December 31, 2020							March 31, 2022						December 31, 2021
		Principal		Discount and Issue Costs		Carrying Value		Principal		Discount and Issue Costs		Carrying Value			Principal		Discount and Issue Costs		Carrying Value		Principal		Discount and Issue Costs		Carrying Value
Direct Senior Obligations of AFG:	Direct Senior Obligations of AFG:													Direct Senior Obligations of AFG:
4.50% Senior Notes due June 2047	4.50% Senior Notes due June 2047	$	590	$	(2)	$	588	$	590	$	(2)	$	588	4.50% Senior Notes due June 2047	$	590	$	(2)	$	588	$	590	$	(2)	$	588
3.50% Senior Notes due August 2026		425		(3)		422		425		(3)		422
3.50% Senior Notes due August 2026 (*)														3.50% Senior Notes due August 2026 (*)	377		(2)		375		425		(3)		422
5.25% Senior Notes due April 2030	5.25% Senior Notes due April 2030	300		(6)		294		300		(6)		294		5.25% Senior Notes due April 2030	300		(5)		295		300		(5)		295
Other	Other	3		0		3		3		0		3		Other	3		—		3		3		—		3
		1,318		(11)		1,307		1,318		(11)		1,307			1,270		(9)		1,261		1,318		(10)		1,308

Direct Subordinated Obligations of AFG:	Direct Subordinated Obligations of AFG:													Direct Subordinated Obligations of AFG:
4.50% Subordinated Debentures due September 2060	4.50% Subordinated Debentures due September 2060	200		(5)		195		200		(5)		195		4.50% Subordinated Debentures due September 2060	200		(5)		195		200		(5)		195
5.125% Subordinate Debentures due December 2059		200		(6)		194		200		(6)		194
5.125% Subordinated Debentures due December 2059														5.125% Subordinated Debentures due December 2059	200		(6)		194		200		(6)		194
5.625% Subordinated Debentures due June 2060	5.625% Subordinated Debentures due June 2060	150		(4)		146		150		(4)		146		5.625% Subordinated Debentures due June 2060	150		(4)		146		150		(4)		146
5.875% Subordinated Debentures due March 2059	5.875% Subordinated Debentures due March 2059	125		(4)		121		125		(4)		121		5.875% Subordinated Debentures due March 2059	125		(4)		121		125		(4)		121
		675		(19)		656		675		(19)		656			675		(19)		656		675		(19)		656
		$	1,993	$	(30)	$	1,963	$	1,993	$	(30)	$	1,963		$	1,945	$	(28)	$	1,917	$	1,993	$	(29)	$	1,964

(*)See Note N — “Subsequent Events” to the financial statements.

Scheduled principal payments on debt for the balance of ~~2021,~~2022, the subsequent five years and thereafter are as follows: ~~2021 — NaN;~~ 2022 — ~~NaN;~~none; 2023 — ~~NaN;~~none; 2024 — ~~NaN;~~none; 2025 — ~~NaN;~~none; 2026 — ~~$425 million~~$377 million; 2027 — none and thereafter — $1.57 billion.

See Note N — “Subsequent Events” for information on AFG’s announcement to redeem its 3.50% Senior Notes due August 2026.

In the first three months of 2022, AFG repurchased $48 million principal amount of its 3.50% Senior Notes due in August 2026 in open market transactions for $50 million.

AFG can borrow up to $500 million under its revolving credit facility, which expires in December 2025. Amounts borrowed under this agreement bear interest at rates ranging from 1.00% to 1.875% (currently 1.375%) over LIBOR based on AFG’s credit rating. ~~NaN~~No amounts were borrowed under this facility at ~~June 30, 2021~~March 31, 2022 or December 31, ~~2020.~~2021.

Table of Contents

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

J. Shareholders’ Equity

AFG is authorized to issue 12.5 million shares of Voting Preferred Stock and 12.5 million shares of Nonvoting Preferred Stock, each without par value.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax (“AOCI”) Comprehensive income is defined as all changes in shareholders’ equity except those arising from transactions with shareholders. Comprehensive income includes net earnings and other comprehensive income (loss), which consists primarily of changes in net unrealized gains or losses on available for sale fixed maturity securities.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED~~

The progression of the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) follows (in millions):

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
AOCI
Beginning
Balance Pretax Tax Net
of
tax Attributable to
noncontrolling
interests Attributable to
shareholders AOCI
Ending
Balance
Quarter ended June 30, 2021
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during the period $ 168 $ (35) $ 133 $ 0 $ 133
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains) losses included in net earnings (*) (9) 2 (7) 0 (7)
Reclassification for unrealized gains on securities of subsidiaries sold (1,119) 235 (884) 0 (884)
Total net unrealized gains (losses) on securities $ 963 (960) 202 (758) 0 (758) $ 205
Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges:
Unrealized holding gains on cash flow hedges arising during the period 7 (1) 6 0 6
Reclassification adjustment for investment income included in net earnings from discontinued operations (5) 1 (4) 0 (4)
Reclassification for unrealized gains on cash flow hedges of subsidiaries sold (37) 8 (29) 0 (29)
Total net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges 27 (35) 8 (27) 0 (27) 0
Foreign currency translation adjustments (16) 0 0 0 0 0 (16)
Pension and other postretirement plans (“OPRP”) adjustments:
Unrealized holding losses on pension and OPRP arising during the period (1) 0 (1) 0 (1)
Reclassification adjustment for pension settlement loss included in other expense in net earnings 11 (2) 9 0 9
Total Pension and OPRP adjustments (7) 10 (2) 8 0 8 1
Total $ 967 $ (985) $ 208 $ (777) $ 0 $ (777) $ 190
Quarter ended June 30, 2020
Net unrealized gains on securities:
Unrealized holding gains on securities arising during the period $ 1,293 $ (272) $ 1,021 $ 0 $ 1,021
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains) losses included in net earnings (*) (9) 2 (7) 0 (7)
Total net unrealized gains (losses) on securities $ 16 1,284 (270) 1,014 0 1,014 $ 1,030
Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges:
Unrealized holding gains on cash flow hedges arising during the period 16 (4) 12 0 12
Reclassification adjustment for investment income included in net earnings from discontinued operations (12) 3 (9) 0 (9)
Total net unrealized gains on cash flow hedges 44 4 (1) 3 0 3 47
Foreign currency translation adjustments (21) 4 0 4 0 4 (17)
Pension and other postretirement plans adjustments (7) 0 0 0 0 0 (7)
Total $ 32 $ 1,292 $ (271) $ 1,021 $ 0 $ 1,021 $ 1,053

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED~~

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
AOCI
Beginning
Balance Pretax Tax Net
of
tax Attributable to
noncontrolling
interests Attributable to
shareholders AOCI
Ending
Balance
Six months ended June 30, 2021
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Unrealized holding gains on securities arising during the period $ (187) $ 39 $ (148) $ 0 $ (148)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains) losses included in net earnings (*) (23) 5 (18) 0 (18)
Reclassification for unrealized gains of subsidiaries sold (1,119) 235 (884) 0 (884)
Total net unrealized gains (losses) on securities $ 1,255 (1,329) 279 (1,050) 0 (1,050) $ 205
Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges:
Unrealized holding losses on cash flow hedges arising during the period (1) 0 (1) 0 (1)
Reclassification adjustment for investment income included in net earnings from discontinued operations (14) 3 (11) 0 (11)
Reclassification for unrealized gains on cash flow hedges of subsidiaries sold (37) 8 (29) 0 (29)
Total net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges 41 (52) 11 (41) 0 (41) 0
Foreign currency translation adjustments (16) 0 0 0 0 0 (16)
Pension and OPRP adjustments:
Unrealized holding losses on pension and OPRP arising during the period (1) 0 (1) 0 (1)
Reclassification adjustment for pension settlement loss included in other expense in net earnings 11 (2) 9 0 9
Total Pension and OPRP adjustments (7) 10 (2) 8 0 8 1
Total $ 1,273 $ (1,371) $ 288 $ (1,083) $ 0 $ (1,083) $ 190
Six months ended June 30, 2020
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Unrealized holding gains on securities arising during the period $ 198 $ (42) $ 156 $ 0 $ 156
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains) losses included in net earnings (*) 15 (3) 12 0 12
Total net unrealized gains (losses) on securities $ 862 213 (45) 168 0 168 $ 1,030
Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges:
Unrealized holding gains on cash flow hedges arising during the period 61 (13) 48 0 48
Reclassification adjustment for investment income included in net earnings from discontinued operations (23) 5 (18) 0 (18)
Total net unrealized gains on cash flow hedges 17 38 (8) 30 0 30 47
Foreign currency translation adjustments (9) (6) 0 (6) (2) (8) (17)
Pension and other postretirement plans adjustments (7) 0 0 0 0 0 (7)
Total $ 863 $ 245 $ (53) $ 192 $ (2) $ 190 $ 1,053

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~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED~~


			Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	AOCI Beginning Balance		Pretax		Tax		Net of tax		AOCI Ending Balance























Three months ended March 31, 2022
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Unrealized holding losses on securities arising during the period			$	(313)	$	66	$	(247)
Reclassification adjustment for realized losses included in net earnings (*)			2		—		2
Total net unrealized gains (losses) on securities	$	136	(311)		66		(245)		$	(109)




Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges	—		(5)		1		(4)		(4)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(18)		(2)		1		(1)		(19)



Pension and other postretirement plan adjustments	1		—		—		—		1
Total	$	119	$	(318)	$	68	$	(250)	$	(131)

Three months ended March 31, 2021
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Unrealized holding losses on securities arising during the period			$	(355)	$	74	$	(281)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains) losses included in net earnings (*)			(14)		3		(11)
Total net unrealized gains (losses) on securities	$	1,255	(369)		77		(292)		$	963



Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges	41		(17)		3		(14)		27
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(16)		—		—		—		(16)
Pension and other postretirement plans adjustments	(7)		—		—		—		(7)
Total	$	1,273	$	(386)	$	80	$	(306)	$	967

(*)The reclassification adjustment out of net unrealized gains (losses) on securities affected the following lines in AFG’s Statement of Earnings:

OCI component

Affected line in the statement of earnings

Pretax ~~- continuing operations~~

Realized gains (losses) on securities

~~Pretax - discontinued operations~~

~~Net earnings (loss) from discontinued operations~~

Tax ~~- continuing operations~~

Provision ~~(credit)~~ for income taxes

~~Tax - discontinued operations~~

~~Net earnings (loss) from discontinued operations~~

Stock Incentive Plans Under AFG’s stock incentive plans, employees of AFG and its subsidiaries are eligible to receive equity awards in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and stock awards. In the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021,~~2022, AFG issued ~~207,020~~151,080 shares of restricted Common Stock (fair value of ~~$111.13~~$133.94 per share) under the Stock Incentive Plan.

Total compensation expense related to stock incentive plans of AFG and its subsidiaries was $2$6 million and ~~$4 million in the second quarter of 2021 and 2020 and $7 million and $9~~$5 million in the first ~~six~~three months of 2022 and 2021, ~~and 2020.~~respectively.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

K. Income Taxes

The following is a reconciliation of income taxes on continuing operations at the statutory rate of 21% to the provision for income taxes as shown in AFG’s Statement of Earnings (dollars in millions):


		Three months ended June 30,								Six months ended June 30,									Three months ended March 31,
		2021				2020				2021				2020						2022	2021
		Amount		% of EBT		Amount		% of EBT		Amount		% of EBT		Amount		% of EBT					Amount		% of EBT		Amount		% of EBT
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes (“EBT”)		$	288			$	140			$	623			$	(45)
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes (“EBT”)																		Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes (“EBT”)			$	361			$	335

Income taxes at statutory rate	Income taxes at statutory rate	$	61	21	%	$	30	21	%	$	131	21	%	$	(9)	21	%	Income taxes at statutory rate			$	76	21	%	$	70	21	%
Effect of:	Effect of:																	Effect of:

Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation	(8)		(3	%)	0		0	%	(10)		(2	%)	(3)		7	%	Stock-based compensation			(2)		(1	%)	(2)		(1	%)
Employee stock ownership plan dividend paid deduction	Employee stock ownership plan dividend paid deduction	(8)		(3	%)	0		0	%	(8)		(1	%)	0		0	%	Employee stock ownership plan dividend paid deduction			(2)		(1	%)	—		—	%
Tax exempt interest	Tax exempt interest	(2)		(1	%)	(3)		(2	%)	(4)		(1	%)	(5)		11	%	Tax exempt interest			(2)		(1	%)	(2)		(1	%)
Change in valuation allowance																		Change in valuation allowance			(2)		(1	%)	—		—	%
Dividends received deduction	Dividends received deduction	(1)		0	%	0		0	%	(1)		0	%	(1)		2	%	Dividends received deduction			(1)		—	%	—		—	%
Foreign operations																		Foreign operations			5		2	%	(1)		—	%

Foreign operations		(1)		0	%	0		0	%	(2)		0	%	1		(2	%)
Nondeductible expenses	Nondeductible expenses	2		1	%	1		1	%	4		1	%	2		(4	%)	Nondeductible expenses			2		1	%	2		1	%
Change in valuation allowance		3		1	%	9		6	%	3		0	%	11		(25	%)

Other	Other	2		1	%	0		0	%	3		1	%	0		(1	%)	Other			(3)		—	%	1		—	%
Provision (credit) for income taxes as shown in the statement of earnings		$	48	17	%	$	37	26	%	$	116	19	%	$	(4)	9	%
Provision for income taxes as shown in the statement of earnings																		Provision for income taxes as shown in the statement of earnings			$	71	20	%	$	68	20	%

~~Approximately $27 million of~~ AFG’s net operating loss carryforwards (“NOL”) subject to separate return limitation year (“SRLY”) tax rules of $43 million will expire unutilized at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Since AFG maintains a full valuation allowance against its SRLY NOLs, the expiration of these loss carryforwards will be offset by a corresponding reduction in the valuation allowance and will have no overall impact on AFG’s income tax expense or results of operations.

L. Contingencies

There have been no significant changes to the matters discussed and referred to in Note NM — “Contingencies” of AFG’s ~~2020~~2021 Form 10-K, which covers property and casualty insurance reserves for claims related to environmental exposures, asbestos and other mass tort claims and environmental and occupational injury and disease claims of subsidiaries’ former railroad and manufacturing operations.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

M. Insurance

Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves The following table provides an analysis of changes in the liability for losses and loss adjustment expenses during the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020~~2021 (in millions):


		Six months ended June 30,					Three months ended March 31,
		2021		2020			2022		2021
Balance at beginning of year	Balance at beginning of year	$	10,392	$	10,232	Balance at beginning of year	$	11,074	$	10,392
Less reinsurance recoverables, net of allowance	Less reinsurance recoverables, net of allowance	3,117		3,024		Less reinsurance recoverables, net of allowance	3,419		3,117
Net liability at beginning of year	Net liability at beginning of year	7,275		7,208		Net liability at beginning of year	7,655		7,275
Provision for losses and LAE occurring in the current period	Provision for losses and LAE occurring in the current period	1,507		1,597		Provision for losses and LAE occurring in the current period	781		726

Net decrease in the provision for claims of prior years	Net decrease in the provision for claims of prior years	(126)		(119)		Net decrease in the provision for claims of prior years	(88)		(59)
Total losses and LAE incurred	Total losses and LAE incurred	1,381		1,478		Total losses and LAE incurred	693		667
Payments for losses and LAE of:	Payments for losses and LAE of:					Payments for losses and LAE of:
Current year	Current year	(258)		(284)		Current year	(67)		(52)
Prior years	Prior years	(1,083)		(1,068)		Prior years	(647)		(622)
Total payments	Total payments	(1,341)		(1,352)		Total payments	(714)		(674)

Foreign currency translation and other	Foreign currency translation and other	1		(20)		Foreign currency translation and other	—		—
Net liability at end of period	Net liability at end of period	7,316		7,314		Net liability at end of period	7,634		7,268
Add back reinsurance recoverables, net of allowance	Add back reinsurance recoverables, net of allowance	3,182		3,007		Add back reinsurance recoverables, net of allowance	3,352		3,116
Gross unpaid losses and LAE included in the balance sheet at end of period	Gross unpaid losses and LAE included in the balance sheet at end of period	$	10,498	$	10,321	Gross unpaid losses and LAE included in the balance sheet at end of period	$	10,986	$	10,384

The net decrease in the provision for claims of prior years during the first ~~six~~three months of 2022 reflects (i) lower than anticipated losses in the crop business, lower than expected claim frequency in the trucking and ocean marine businesses and at the Singapore branch and lower than anticipated claim severity in the property and inland marine business (within the Property and transportation sub-segment), (ii) lower than anticipated claim severity in the workers’ compensation businesses, lower than expected claim frequency in the executive liability business and lower than anticipated claim frequency and severity in the excess and surplus business (within the Specialty casualty sub-segment) and (iii) lower than anticipated claim frequency in the surety, trade credit and financial institutions businesses (within the Specialty financial sub-segment). This favorable development was partially offset by higher than anticipated claim severity in the targeted markets businesses (within the Specialty casualty sub-segment).

The net decrease in the provision for claims of prior years during the first three months of 2021 reflects (i) lower than anticipated claim frequency and severity in the transportation businesses, lower than expected losses in the crop business and lower than expected claim ~~severity~~frequency in the ~~property and inland marine~~aviation business (within the Property and transportation sub-segment), (ii) lower than anticipated claim severity in the workers’ compensation businesses (within the Specialty casualty sub-segment) and (iii) lower than anticipated claim frequency ~~in the surety business and lower than expected claim frequency~~ and severity in the financial institutions business and lower than anticipated claim frequency in the surety business (within the Specialty financial sub-segment). This favorable development was partially offset by (i) higher than expected claim frequency and severity in ~~the~~ equine business (within the Property and transportation sub-segment) and (ii) higher than anticipated claim severity in the ~~general liability,~~ targeted markets, professional liability and ~~professional~~excess liability businesses (within the Specialty casualty sub-segment).

The net decrease in the provision for claims of prior years during the first six months of 2020 reflects (i) lower than expected claim frequency and severity in the agricultural and transportation businesses (within the Property and transportation sub-segment), (ii) lower than anticipated claim frequency and severity in the workers’ compensation businesses and lower than anticipated claim frequency in the executive liability business (within the Specialty casualty sub-segment) and (iii) lower than anticipated claim frequency in the trade credit and surety businesses (within the Specialty financial sub-segment). This favorable development was partially offset by higher than expected claim frequency and severity in the excess and surplus lines businesses (within the Specialty casualty sub-segment) and higher than expected losses at Neon.

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~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED~~

Recoverables from Reinsurers and Premiums Receivable Progressions of the ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020~~2021 allowance for expected credit losses on recoverables from reinsurers and premiums receivable related to continuing operations are shown below (in millions):

Recoverables from Reinsurers Premiums Receivable
2021 2020 2021 2020
Balance at March 31 $ 7 $ 7 $ 11 $ 9
Provision (credit) for expected credit losses 1 0 (2) 1
Write-offs charged against the allowance 0 0 0 0
Balance at June 30 $ 8 $ 7 $ 9 $ 10
Balance at January 1 $ 6 $ 18 $ 10 $ 13
Impact of adoption of new accounting policy — (11) — (3)
Provision (credit) for expected credit losses 2 0 (1) 0
Write-offs charged against the allowance 0 0 0 0
Balance at June 30 $ 8 $ 7 $ 9 $ 10


	Recoverables from Reinsurers				Premiums Receivable
	2022		2021		2022		2021





Balance at January 1	$	8	$	6	$	8	$	10
Provision for expected credit losses	(1)		1		(1)		1
Write-offs charged against the allowance	—		—		—		—
Balance at March 31	$	7	$	7	$	7	$	11

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

N. Subsequent Events

On May 4, 2022, AFG announced a make-whole call to redeem all of its approximately $375 million in outstanding 3.50% Senior Notes due August 2026 on June 3, 2022. Management expects that the redemption of the 3.50% Senior Notes will result in a pretax loss on retirement of debt of less than $10 million in the second quarter of 2022. Concurrent with the debt retirement, AFG declared a special cash dividend of $8.00 per share of AFG Common Stock payable on May 27, 2022 to shareholders of record on May 20, 2022 (approximately $680 million in aggregate).

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

									INDEX TO MD&A
		Page		Page		Page		Page
Forward-Looking Statements	Forward-Looking Statements	35	Results of Operations — Second Quarter	49	Forward-Looking Statements	29	Managed Investment Entities	36
Overview	Overview	36	Segmented Statement of Earnings	49	Overview	30	Results of Operations	39
Critical Accounting Policies	Critical Accounting Policies	37	Property and Casualty Insurance	51	Critical Accounting Policies	30	General	39
Liquidity and Capital Resources	Liquidity and Capital Resources	37	Holding Company, Other and Unallocated	60	Liquidity and Capital Resources	31	Segmented Statement of Earnings	40
Ratios	Ratios	37	Real Estate Entities Acquired from the Annuity Operations	63	Ratios	31	Property and Casualty Insurance	41
Condensed Consolidated Cash Flows	Condensed Consolidated Cash Flows	38	Discontinued Annuity Operations	63	Condensed Consolidated Cash Flows	31	Holding Company, Other and Unallocated	49
Parent and Subsidiary Liquidity	Parent and Subsidiary Liquidity	39	Results of Operations — First Six Months	65	Parent and Subsidiary Liquidity	32	Real Estate Entities Acquired from the Annuity Operations	52
Investments	Investments	40	Segmented Statement of Earnings	65	Investments	33	Discontinued Annuity Operations	52
Uncertainties	Uncertainties	42	Property and Casualty Insurance	66	Uncertainties	36
Managed Investment Entities		43	Holding Company, Other and Unallocated	75
Results of Operations		47	Real Estate Entities Acquired from the Annuity Operations	78
General		47	Discontinued Annuity Operations	78

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements. Some of the forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “anticipates”, “believes”, “expects”, “projects”, “estimates”, “intends”, “plans”, “seeks”, “could”, “may”, “should”, “will” or the negative version of those words or other comparable terminology. Such forward-looking statements include statements relating to: expectations concerning market and other conditions and their effect on future premiums, revenues, earnings, investment activities, and the amount and timing of share repurchases; recoverability of asset values; expected losses and the adequacy of reserves for asbestos, environmental pollution and mass tort claims; rate changes; and improved loss experience.

Actual results and/or financial condition could differ materially from those contained in or implied by such forward-looking statements for a variety of reasons including but not limited to:

•changes in financial, political and economic conditions, including changes in interest and inflation rates, currency fluctuations and extended economic recessions or expansions in the U.S. and/or abroad;

•performance of securities markets;

•new legislation or declines in credit quality or credit ratings that could have a material impact on the valuation of securities in AFG’s investment portfolio;

•the availability of capital;

•changes in insurance law or regulation, including changes in statutory accounting rules, including modifications to capital requirements;

•the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak, including the effects on the international and national economy and credit markets, legislative or regulatory developments affecting the insurance industry, quarantines or other travel or health-related restrictions;pandemic;

•changes in the legal environment affecting AFG or its customers;

•tax law and accounting changes;

•levels of natural catastrophes and severe weather, terrorist activities (including any nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological events), incidents of war or losses resulting from pandemics, civil unrest and other major losses;

•disruption caused by cyber-attacks or other technology breaches or failures by AFG or its business partners and service providers, which could negatively impact AFG’s business and/or expose AFG to litigation;

•development of insurance loss reserves and establishment of other reserves, particularly with respect to amounts associated with asbestos and environmental claims;

•availability of reinsurance and ability of reinsurers to pay their obligations;

•competitive pressures;

•the ability to obtain adequate rates and policy terms;

•changes in AFG’s credit ratings or the financial strength ratings assigned by major ratings agencies to AFG’s operating subsidiaries; and

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

•the impact of the conditions in the international financial markets and the global economy relating to AFG’s international operations.

The forward-looking statements herein are made only as of the date of this report. The Company assumes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

OBJECTIVE

The objective of Management’s Discussion and Analysis is to provide a discussion and analysis of the financial statements and other statistical data that management believes will enhance the understanding of AFG’s financial condition, changes in financial condition and results of operations. The tables and narrative that follow are presented in a manner that is consistent with the information that AFG’s management uses to make operational decisions and allocate capital resources. They are provided to demonstrate the nature of the transactions and events that could impact AFG’s financial results. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements beginning on page 2.

OVERVIEW

Financial Condition

AFG is organized as a holding company with almost all of its operations being conducted by subsidiaries. AFG, however, has continuing cash needs for administrative expenses, the payment of principal and interest on borrowings, shareholder dividends, and taxes. Therefore, certain analyses are most meaningfully presented on a parent only basis while others are best done on a total enterprise basis. In addition, because ~~most of~~ its businesses are financial in nature, AFG does not prepare its consolidated financial statements using a current-noncurrent format. Consequently, certain traditional ratios and financial analysis tests are not meaningful.

~~Sale of the Annuity Business~~

On May 28, 2021, AFG sold its annuity business consisting of Great American Life Insurance Company (“GALIC”) and its two insurance subsidiaries, Annuity Investors Life Insurance Company and Manhattan National Life Insurance Company, as well as a broker-dealer affiliate, Great American Advisors, Inc., and insurance distributor, AAG Insurance Agency, Inc. to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (“MassMutual”). Total proceeds from the sale were $3.57 billion. AFG realized an after-tax non-core gain on the sale of $697 million ($8.14 per share) in the second quarter of 2021. Beginning with the first quarter of 2021 the results of the annuity businesses sold are reported as discontinued operations, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), which included adjusting prior period results to reflect these operations as discontinued.

Results of Operations

Through the operations of its subsidiaries, AFG is engaged primarily in property and casualty insurance, focusing on specialized commercial products for businesses. ~~As discussed above,~~ AFG’s former annuity operations are reported as discontinued operations.

AFG reported net earnings from continuing operations ~~attributable to shareholders~~ of ~~$240~~$290 million ($2.81 per share, diluted) for the second quarter of 2021 compared to $113 million ($1.26 per share, diluted) for the second quarter of 2020, reflecting higher underwriting profit and net investment income, partially offset by lower net realized gains on securities and higher holding company expenses.

~~AFG reported net earnings from continuing operations attributable to shareholders of $507 million ($5.90~~3.40 per share, diluted) for the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~a net loss of $28~~$267 million ($~~0.31~~3.08 per share, diluted) for the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2020~~2021 reflecting higher underwriting profit, higher net investment income and lower holding company expenses in 2022 compared to 2021, partially offset by net realized losses on securities in first three months of 2022 compared to net realized gains on securities ~~compared~~in the first three months of 2021.

Sale of the Annuity Business

In May 2021, AFG sold its annuity business, including Great American Life Insurance Company (“GALIC”) and its two insurance subsidiaries, Annuity Investors Life Insurance Company and Manhattan National Life Insurance Company to ~~net~~Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (“MassMutual”). Total proceeds from the sale were $3.57 billion and AFG realized ~~losses~~an after-tax gain on the sale of $656 million in ~~2020 and higher underwriting profit and net investment income, partially offset by higher interest charges on borrowed money and holding company expenses.~~the first six months of 2021.

Outlook

~~The COVID-19 pandemic began to have a significant~~AFG’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows are impacted by the economic, legal and regulatory environment. Inflation, supply chain disruption, labor shortages and other economic conditions may impact ~~on global, social~~premium levels, loss cost trends and economic activity during the first quarter of 2020. AFG has taken actions under its business continuity plan to minimize risk to the Company’s employees and to prevent any significant disruption to AFG’s business, agents or policyholders.

investment returns. Management believes that AFG’s strong financial position and current liquidity and capital at its subsidiaries will give AFG the flexibility to continue to effectively address and respond to the ongoing uncertainties presented by rising inflation, the ~~pandemic. Even with management’s expectation that~~conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the ~~impacts of the pandemic will continue throughout 2021,~~COVID-19 pandemic. AFG’s insurance subsidiaries continue to have capital at or in excess of the levels required by ratings agencies in order to maintain their current ratings, and the parent company does not have any near-term debt maturities.

~~As a result of~~Management expects continued premium growth and strong underwriting results in the ~~contracted economy, exposures in many of AFG’s~~ongoing favorable property and casualty ~~businesses changed due~~insurance market. In addition, the deployment of cash in a rising interest rate environment is expected to ~~workforce reduction, fewer miles driven and reduced revenue. This has and may continue~~result in improved investment returns in 2022 compared to ~~lead to lower frequency in certain lines while there has and may continue to be COVID-19 related increases in claim frequency in other lines of business.~~

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~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

There is also uncertainty as to potential government decree or legislation that could alter the coverage landscape, such as the imposition of retroactive business interruption insurance. Like most of the insurance industry, AFG’s business interruption coverages require direct physical damage to covered property for business interruption coverage to apply and the vast majority of AFG’s property policies also contain virus exclusions.2021.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Significant accounting policies are summarized in Note A — “Accounting Policies” to the financial statements. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that can have a significant effect on amounts reported in the financial statements. As more information becomes known, these estimates and assumptions change and, thus, impact amounts reported in the future. The areas ~~related to AFG’s continuing operations~~ where

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

management believes the degree of judgment required to determine amounts recorded in the financial statements is most significant are as follows:

•the establishment of insurance reserves, especially asbestos and environmental-related reserves,

•the recoverability of reinsurance,

•the establishment of asbestos and environmental ~~reserves~~liabilities of former railroad and manufacturing operations, and

•the valuation of investments, including the determination of impairment allowances.

For a discussion of these policies, see Management’s Discussion and Analysis — “Critical Accounting Policies” in AFG’s ~~2020~~2021 Form 10-K.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Ratios

AFG’s debt to total capital ratio on a consolidated basis is shown below (dollars in millions):


		June 30, 2021				December 31,								March 31, 2022									December 31,
				2020				2019			Actual						Adjusted (*)				2021				2020
Principal amount of long-term debt	Principal amount of long-term debt			$	1,993			$	1,993			$	1,493		Principal amount of long-term debt		$	1,945			$	1,568			$	1,993			$	1,993
Total capital	Total capital	7,389				7,486				6,883		Total capital		6,893					5,835				6,869				7,486
Ratio of debt to total capital:	Ratio of debt to total capital:											Ratio of debt to total capital:
Including subordinated debt	Including subordinated debt	27.0	%			26.6	%			21.7	%	Including subordinated debt		28.2		%			26.9	%			29.0	%			26.6	%
Excluding subordinated debt	Excluding subordinated debt	17.8	%			17.6	%			14.8	%	Excluding subordinated debt		18.4		%			15.3	%			19.2	%			17.6	%

(*) Reflects the retirement of AFG’s 3.50% Senior Notes due in August 2026, which have been called for redemption on June 3, 2022 and the $8.00 special dividend payable on May 27, 2022 as if both transactions happened on March 31, 2022.

The ratio of debt to total capital is a non-GAAP measure that management believes is useful for investors, analysts and ratings agencies to evaluate AFG’s financial strength and liquidity and to provide insight into how AFG finances its operations. In addition, maintaining a ratio of debt, excluding subordinated debt and debt secured by real estate (if any), to total capital of 35% or lower is a financial covenant in AFG’s bank credit facility. The ratio is calculated by dividing the principal amount of AFG’s long-term debt by its total capital, which includes long-term debt ~~noncontrolling interests~~ and shareholders’ equity (excluding unrealized gains (losses) related to fixed maturity investments).

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~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

Condensed Consolidated Cash Flows

AFG’s principal sources of cash include insurance premiums, income from its investment portfolio and proceeds from the maturities, redemptions and sales of investments. Insurance premiums in excess of acquisition expenses and operating costs are invested until they are needed to meet policyholder obligations or made available to the parent company through dividends to cover debt obligations and corporate expenses, and to provide returns to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends. Cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities as detailed in AFG’s Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows are shown below (in millions):


		Six months ended June 30,					Three months ended March 31,
		2021		2020			2022		2021
Net cash provided by operating activities	Net cash provided by operating activities	$	970	$	1,087	Net cash provided by operating activities	$	503	$	627
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		661		(1,296)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(1,076)		593
Net cash used in investing activities						Net cash used in investing activities	(1,111)		(938)
Net cash used in financing activities						Net cash used in financing activities	(342)		(172)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	Net change in cash and cash equivalents	$	555	$	384	Net change in cash and cash equivalents	$	(950)	$	(483)

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities AFG’s property and casualty insurance operations typically produce positive net operating cash flows as premiums collected and investment income exceed policy acquisition costs, claims payments and operating expenses. AFG’s net cash provided by operating activities is impacted by the level and timing of property and casualty premiums, claim and expense payments and recoveries from reinsurers. AFG’s discontinued annuity operations, which were sold in May 2021, typically ~~produce~~produced positive net operating cash flows as investment income ~~exceeds~~exceeded acquisition costs and operating expenses. Interest credited on annuity policyholder funds is a non-cash increase in AFG’s annuity benefits accumulated liability and annuity premiums, benefits and withdrawals are considered

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

financing activities due to the deposit-type nature of annuities. Cash flows provided by operating activities also include the activity of AFG’s managed investment entities (collateralized loan obligations (“CLO”)) other than those activities included in investing or financing activities. The changes in the assets and liabilities of the managed investment entities included in operating activities increased cash flows from operating activities by $172 million during the first three months of 2022 and reduced cash flows from operating activities by ~~$22 million during the first six months of 2021 and increased cash flows from operating activities by $116~~$38 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2020,~~2021, accounting for a ~~$138~~$210 million ~~decline~~increase in cash flows from operating activities in the ~~2021~~2022 period compared to the ~~2020~~2021 period. As discussed in Note A — “Accounting Policies — Managed Investment Entities” to the financial statements, AFG has no right to use the CLO assets and no obligation to pay the CLO liabilities and such assets and liabilities are shown separately in AFG’s Balance Sheet. Excluding the impact of the managed investment entities, net cash provided by operating activities was ~~$992~~$331 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~$971~~$665 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2020, an increase~~2021, a decrease of ~~$21 million.~~$334 million reflecting the sale of the annuity operations.

Net Cash ~~Provided by (Used in)~~Used in Investing Activities AFG’s investing activities consist primarily of the investment of funds provided by its property and casualty businesses and, ~~discontinued annuity operations. In May 2021, AFG sold its annuity business~~prior to MassMutual for initial cash proceeds of $3.54 billion. This increase in cash provided by investing activities was partially offset by a decrease in cash and cash equivalents of $2.06 billion representing balances held in the annuity subsidiaries that were sold. Excluding the impact of the May 2021 sale, ~~of the~~its discontinued annuity ~~business, net~~operations. Net cash used in investing activities was ~~$816 million~~$1.11 billion for the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to $1.30 billion in the first six months of 2020, a decrease of $480 million. As discussed below (under net cash provided by (used in) financing activities), AFG’s discontinued annuity operations had net cash flows from annuity policyholders of $477$938 million in the first ~~six~~three months of 2021, ~~compared to $406~~an increase of $173 million as the opportunistic investment of cash on hand in the property and casualty operations during the rising interest rate environment in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2020.~~2022 more than offset the absence of investing activities from the disposed annuity operations. In addition to the investment of funds provided by the insurance operations, investing activities also include the purchase and disposal of managed investment entity investments, which are presented separately in AFG’s Balance Sheet. Net investment activity in the managed investment entities was a ~~$74~~$140 million use of cash in the first three months of 2022 compared to a $30 million source of cash in the ~~first six months of~~comparable 2021 ~~compared to a $63 million use of cash in the 2020~~ period, accounting for a ~~$137~~$170 million ~~decrease~~increase in net cash used in investing activities in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to the same ~~2020~~2021 period. See Note A — “Accounting Policies — Managed Investment Entities” and Note G — “Managed Investment Entities” to the financial statements.

Net Cash ~~Provided by (Used in)~~Used in Financing Activities AFG’s financing activities consist primarily of ~~transactions with annuity policyholders,~~ issuances and retirements of long-term debt, issuances and repurchases of common stock, dividend payments and, ~~dividend payments.~~prior to the sale of the annuity business, transactions with annuity policyholders. Net cash used in financing activities was ~~$1.08 billion~~$342 million for the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~net cash provided by financing activities of $593~~$172 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2020,~~2021, an increase of $170 million. The impact of a ~~decrease~~special dividend and $48 million in ~~net cash provided by financing activities of $1.67 billion. Net annuity receipts exceeded annuity surrenders, benefits, withdrawals and transfers by $477 million~~debt retirements in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021 compared to $406 million in the first six months~~2022 was substantially offset by lower repurchases of ~~2020, accounting for a $71 million increase in net cash provided by financing activities in the 2021 period~~AFG Common Stock compared to the ~~2020 period. In May 2020, AFG issued $150 million of 5.625% Subordinated Debentures due in 2060 and in April 2020,~~

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~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

~~AFG issued $300 million of 5.25% Senior Notes due in 2030. The net proceeds of these offerings contributed $439 million to net cash provided by financing activities in the~~ first ~~six~~three months of ~~2020.~~2021. During the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021,~~2022, AFG repurchased ~~$306~~$5 million of its Common Stock compared to ~~$137~~$192 million in the ~~2020~~comparable 2021 period. In addition to its regular quarterly cash dividends, AFG paid a special cash dividend of ~~$14.00~~$2.00 per share in ~~June 2021 totaling $1.19 billion,~~March 2022, which resulted in total cash dividends paid of ~~$1.27 billion in the first six months of 2021 compared to $81~~$216 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2020.~~2022 compared to $43 million in the first three months of 2021. Financing activities also include issuances and retirements of managed investment entity liabilities, which are nonrecourse to AFG and presented separately in AFG’s Balance Sheet. Retirements of managed investment entity liabilities exceeded issuances by ~~$28~~$76 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~$46~~issuances exceeding retirements by $27 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2020,~~2021, accounting for a ~~$18~~$103 million increase in net cash ~~provided by~~used in financing activities in the ~~2021~~2022 period compared to the ~~2020~~2021 period. See Note A — “Accounting Policies — Managed Investment Entities” and Note G — “Managed Investment Entities” to the financial statements.

Parent and Subsidiary Liquidity

Parent Holding Company Liquidity Management believes AFG has sufficient resources to meet its liquidity requirements. If funds generated from operations, including dividends, tax payments and borrowings from subsidiaries, are insufficient to meet fixed charges in any period, AFG would be required to utilize parent company cash and investments or to generate cash through borrowings, sales of other assets, or similar transactions.

~~As discussed above, AFG sold its annuity business to MassMutual for proceeds of $3.57 billion (including $32 million in preliminary post-closing adjustments).~~ AFG’s capital and liquidity was significantly enhanced as a result of the ~~transaction. During the first six months of~~ 2021 ~~AFG repurchased 2,674,222 shares~~sale of its ~~Common Stock~~annuity business to MassMutual for ~~$306 million~~proceeds of $3.57 billion. Management has and paid a special cash dividend of $14.00 per share in June totaling approximately $1.19 billion. On August 2, 2021, AFG paid an additional special cash dividend of $2.00 per share of AFG Common Stock totaling approximately $170 million. Management will continue to evaluate opportunities for deploying AFG’s significant remaining excess capital, including returning capital to shareholders in the form of regular and special cash dividends and through opportunistic share repurchases. In addition, excess capital will be deployed into AFG’s ~~core~~property and casualty businesses as management identifies the potential for healthy, profitable organic growth, and opportunities to expand ~~the Specialty property and casualty niche businesses~~ through acquisitions and start-ups that meet target return thresholds.

~~In 2020,~~During the first three months of 2022, AFG repurchased ~~4,531,394~~35,201 shares of its Common Stock for ~~$313~~$5 million and paid a special cash dividend of $2.00 per share in March totaling $170 million. On May 4, 2022, AFG announced that it will

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

redeem all of its outstanding 3.50% Senior Notes due August 2026 on June 3, 2022, using cash on hand at the parent. In addition, AFG declared a special cash dividend of $8.00 per share (aggregate $680 million), payable on May 27, 2022.

During 2021, AFG repurchased 2,777,684 shares of its Common Stock for $319 million and paid special cash dividends of $26.00 per share of AFG Common Stock ($14.00 per share in ~~December~~June, $2.00 per share in August, $4.00 per share in October, $4.00 per share in November and $2.00 per share in December) totaling ~~approximately $173 million.~~$2.21 billion.

AFG may, at any time and from time to time, seek to retire or purchase its outstanding debt through cash purchases or exchanges for equity or debt, in open-market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will be upon such terms and at such prices as management may determine, and will depend on prevailing market conditions, AFG’s liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. During the first quarter of 2022, AFG repurchased $48 million principal amount of its 3.50% Senior Notes due 2026 for $50 million cash, which resulted in a $2 million loss on retirement of debt (included in other expenses).

In ~~2020,~~December 2021, AFG ~~issued $300~~acquired Verikai, Inc., a machine learning and artificial intelligence company that utilizes a predictive risk tool for assessing insurance risk, for $120 million of 5.25% Senior Notes due in April 2030, $150 million of 5.625% Subordinated Debentures due in June 2060 and $200 million of 4.50% Subordinated Debentures due in September 2060 to increase liquidity and provide flexibilityusing cash on hand at the parent holding company in its response to the uncertainties of the economic environment. The net proceeds from the offerings were used for general corporate purposes, which included repurchases of outstanding common shares and the November 2020 redemption of AFG’s $150 million outstanding principal amount of 6% Subordinated Debentures due in November 2055 at par value.parent.

AFG can borrow up to $500 million under its revolving credit facility, which expires in December 2025. Amounts borrowed under this agreement bear interest at rates ranging from 1.00% to 1.875% (currently 1.375%) over LIBOR based on AFG’s credit rating. The credit facility also includes provisions relating to the replacement of LIBOR with different floating rates in the event of the discontinuance of LIBOR. There were no borrowings under this agreement, or under any other parent company short-term borrowing arrangements, during ~~2020~~2021 or the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021.~~2022.

Under a tax allocation agreement with AFG, ~~its~~all 80%~~-owned~~ (or more) owned U.S. subsidiaries generally pay taxes to (or recover taxes from) AFG based on each subsidiary’s contribution to amounts due under AFG’s consolidated tax return.

Subsidiary Liquidity The liquidity requirements of AFG’s insurance subsidiaries relate primarily to the policyholder claims and underwriting expenses and payments of dividends and taxes to AFG. Historically, cash flows from premiums and investment income have generally provided more than sufficient funds to meet these requirements. Funds received in excess of cash requirements are generally invested in ~~additional~~ marketable securities. In addition, the insurance subsidiaries generally hold a significant amount of highly liquid, short duration investments.

~~The excess cash flow of AFG’s property and casualty group allows it to extend the duration of its investment portfolio somewhat beyond that of its claim reserves.~~

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~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

AFG believes its insurance subsidiaries maintain sufficient liquidity to pay claims and underwriting expenses. In addition, these subsidiaries have sufficient capital to meet commitments in the event of unforeseen events such as reserve deficiencies, inadequate premium rates or reinsurer insolvencies. Even in the current uncertain ~~COVID-19~~economic environment, management believes that the capital levels in AFG’s insurance subsidiaries are adequate to maintain its business and rating agency ratings. Nonetheless, changes in statutory accounting rules, significant declines in the fair value of the insurance subsidiaries’ investment portfolios or significant ratings downgrades on these investments, could create a need for additional capital.

Investments

AFG’s investment portfolio at ~~June 30, 2021,~~March 31, 2022, contained ~~$9.73~~$10.81 billion in fixed maturity securities classified as available for sale and carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income and ~~$26~~$30 million in fixed maturities classified as trading with holding gains and losses included in net investment income. In addition, AFG’s investment portfolio includes ~~$708~~$705 million in equity securities carried at fair value with holding gains and losses included in realized gains (losses) on securities and ~~$257~~$317 million in equity securities carried at fair value with holding gains and losses included in net investment income.

Fair values for AFG’s portfolio are determined by AFG’s internal investment professionals using data from nationally recognized pricing services, ~~as well as~~ non-binding broker ~~quotes.~~quotes and other market information. Fair values of equity securities are generally based on published closing prices. For AFG’s fixed maturity portfolio, approximately ~~84%~~85% was priced using pricing services at ~~June 30, 2021~~March 31, 2022 and ~~the balance~~8% was priced primarily by using non-binding broker quotes. When prices obtained for the same security vary, AFG’s internal investment professionals select the price they believe is most indicative of an exit price.

The pricing services use a variety of observable inputs to estimate fair value of fixed maturities that do not trade on a daily basis. Based upon information provided by the pricing services, these inputs include, but are not limited to, recent reported trades, benchmark yields, issuer spreads, bids or offers, reference data, and measures of volatility. Included in the pricing of mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) are estimates of the rate of future prepayments and defaults of principal

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

over the remaining life of the underlying collateral. Due to the lack of transparency in the process that brokers use to develop prices, valuations that are based on brokers’ prices are classified as Level 3 in the GAAP hierarchy unless the price can be corroborated, for example, by comparison to similar securities priced using observable inputs.

Valuation techniques utilized by pricing services and prices obtained from external sources are reviewed by AFG’s internal investment professionals who are familiar with the securities being priced and the markets in which they trade to ensure the fair value determination is representative of an exit price. To validate the appropriateness of the prices obtained, these investment managers consider widely published indices (as benchmarks), recent trades, changes in interest rates, general economic conditions and the credit quality of the specific issuers. In addition, AFG communicates directly with pricing services regarding the methods and assumptions used in pricing, including verifying, on a test basis, the inputs used by the services to value specific securities.

In general, the fair value of AFG’s fixed maturity investments is inversely correlated to changes in interest rates. The following table demonstrates the sensitivity of such fair values to reasonably likely changes in interest rates by illustrating the estimated effect on AFG’s fixed maturity portfolio that an immediate increase of 100 basis points in the interest rate yield curve would have at ~~June 30, 2021~~March 31, 2022 (dollars in millions). Effects of increases or decreases from the 100 basis points illustrated would be approximately proportional.


Fair value of fixed maturity portfolio	$	~~9,758~~10,839
Percentage impact on fair value of 100 bps increase in interest rates	(2.5		%)
Pretax impact on fair value of fixed maturity portfolio	$	~~(244)~~(271)

Approximately ~~88%~~90% of the fixed maturities held by AFG at ~~June 30, 2021,~~March 31, 2022, were rated “investment grade” (credit rating of AAA to BBB) by nationally recognized rating agencies, 4%3% were rated “non-investment grade” and 8%7% were not rated. Investment grade securities generally bear lower yields and lower degrees of risk than those that are unrated and non-investment grade. Management believes that the high-quality investment portfolio should generate a stable and predictable investment return.

Municipal bonds represented approximately ~~22%~~15% of AFG’s fixed maturity portfolio at ~~June 30, 2021.~~March 31, 2022. AFG’s municipal bond portfolio is high quality, with more than 99% of the securities rated investment grade at that date. The portfolio is well diversified across the states of issuance and individual issuers. At ~~June 30, 2021,~~March 31, 2022, approximately ~~90%~~91% of the municipal bond portfolio was held in revenue bonds, with the remaining ~~10%~~9% held in general obligation bonds.

Summarized information for the unrealized gains and losses recorded in AFG’s Balance Sheet at March 31, 2022, is shown in the following table (dollars in millions). Approximately $559 million of available for sale fixed maturity securities had no unrealized gains or losses at March 31, 2022.


	Securities With Unrealized Gains			Securities With Unrealized Losses
Available for Sale Fixed Maturities
Fair value of securities	$	3,293		$	6,957
Amortized cost of securities, net of allowance for expected credit losses	$	3,211		$	7,177
Gross unrealized gain (loss)	$	82		$	(220)
Fair value as % of amortized cost	103		%	97		%
Number of security positions	964			1,128
Number individually exceeding $2 million gain or loss	2			9
Concentration of gains (losses) by type or industry (exceeding 5% of unrealized):
Mortgage-backed securities	$	36		$	(55)

States and municipalities	22			(13)

Other asset-backed securities	5			(68)

Asset managers	2			(19)
Collateralized loan obligations	2			(14)



Percentage rated investment grade	90		%	95		%

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

Summarized information for the unrealized gains and losses recorded in AFG’s Balance Sheet at June 30, 2021, is shown in the following table (dollars in millions). Approximately $902 million of available for sale fixed maturity securities had no unrealized gains or losses at June 30, 2021.

Securities
With
Unrealized
Gains Securities
With
Unrealized
Losses
Available for Sale Fixed Maturities
Fair value of securities $ 7,485 $ 1,345
Amortized cost of securities, net of allowance for expected credit losses $ 7,213 $ 1,357
Gross unrealized gain (loss) $ 272 $ (12)
Fair value as % of amortized cost 104 % 99 %
Number of security positions 1,794 366
Number individually exceeding $2 million gain or loss 2 —
Concentration of gains (losses) by type or industry (exceeding 5% of unrealized):
States and municipalities $ 93 $ —
Mortgage-backed securities 56 (2)
Other asset-backed securities 29 (4)
Collateralized loan obligations 5 (2)
U.S. Government and government agencies 4 (1)
Percentage rated investment grade 93 % 91 %

The table below sets forth the scheduled maturities of AFG’s available for sale fixed maturity securities at ~~June 30, 2021,~~March 31, 2022, based on their fair values. Securities with sinking funds are reported at average maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid by the issuers.


		Securities With Unrealized Gains		Securities With Unrealized Losses			Securities With Unrealized Gains		Securities With Unrealized Losses
Maturity	Maturity					Maturity
One year or less	One year or less	10	%	—	%	One year or less	17	%	1	%
After one year through five years	After one year through five years	30	%	19	%	After one year through five years	34	%	20	%
After five years through ten years	After five years through ten years	13	%	5	%	After five years through ten years	10	%	7	%
After ten years	After ten years	4	%	1	%	After ten years	3	%	3	%
		57	%	25	%		64	%	31	%
Collateralized loan obligations and other asset-backed securities (average life of approximately 3-1/2 years)		34	%	68	%
Mortgage-backed securities (average life of approximately 3 years)		9	%	7	%
Collateralized loan obligations and other asset-backed securities (average life of approximately 3 years)						Collateralized loan obligations and other asset-backed securities (average life of approximately 3 years)	27	%	51	%
Mortgage-backed securities (average life of approximately 5 years)						Mortgage-backed securities (average life of approximately 5 years)	9	%	18	%
		100	%	100	%		100	%	100	%

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~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

The table below (dollars in millions) summarizes the unrealized gains and losses on fixed maturity securities by dollar amount:

Aggregate
Fair
Value Aggregate
Unrealized
Gain (Loss) Fair
Value as
% of Cost
Fixed Maturities at June 30, 2021
Securities with unrealized gains:
Exceeding $500,000 (120 securities) $ 1,409 $ 108 108 %
$500,000 or less (1,674 securities) 6,076 164 103 %
$ 7,485 $ 272 104 %
Securities with unrealized losses:
Exceeding $500,000 (3 securities) $ 10 $ (2) 83 %
$500,000 or less (363 securities) 1,335 (10) 99 %
$ 1,345 $ (12) 99 %


	Aggregate Fair Value		Aggregate Unrealized Gain (Loss)		Fair Value as % of Cost
Fixed Maturities at March 31, 2022
Securities with unrealized gains:
Exceeding $500,000 (27 securities)	$	185	$	26	116	%
$500,000 or less (937 securities)	3,108		56		102	%
	$	3,293	$	82	103	%
Securities with unrealized losses:
Exceeding $500,000 (128 securities)	$	2,272	$	(134)	94	%
$500,000 or less (1,000 securities)	4,685		(86)		98	%
	$	6,957	$	(220)	97	%

The following table (dollars in millions) summarizes the unrealized losses for all securities with unrealized losses by issuer quality and the length of time those securities have been in an unrealized loss position:

Aggregate
Fair
Value Aggregate
Unrealized
Loss Fair
Value as
% of Cost
Securities with Unrealized Losses at June 30, 2021
Investment grade fixed maturities with losses for:
Less than one year (126 securities) $ 868 $ (5) 99 %
One year or longer (96 securities) 354 (3) 99 %
$ 1,222 $ (8) 99 %
Non-investment grade fixed maturities with losses for:
Less than one year (42 securities) $ 68 $ (1) 99 %
One year or longer (102 securities) 55 (3) 95 %
$ 123 $ (4) 97 %


	Aggregate Fair Value		Aggregate Unrealized Loss		Fair Value as % of Cost
Securities with Unrealized Losses at March 31, 2022
Investment grade fixed maturities with losses for:
Less than one year (898 securities)	$	6,326	$	(193)	97	%
One year or longer (71 securities)	285		(14)		95	%
	$	6,611	$	(207)	97	%
Non-investment grade fixed maturities with losses for:
Less than one year (114 securities)	$	319	$	(10)	97	%
One year or longer (45 securities)	27		(3)		90	%
	$	346	$	(13)	96	%

When a decline in the value of a specific investment is considered to be other-than-temporary, an allowance for credit losses (impairment) is charged to earnings (accounted for as a realized loss). The determination of whether unrealized losses are other-than-temporary requires judgment based on subjective as well as objective factors as detailed in AFG’s ~~2020~~2021 Form 10-K under Management’s Discussion and Analysis — “Investments.”

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

Based on its analysis, management believes AFG will recover its cost basis (net of any allowance) in the fixed maturity securities with unrealized losses and that AFG has the ability to hold the securities until they recover in value and had no intent to sell them at ~~June 30, 2021.~~March 31, 2022. Although AFG has the ability to continue holding its fixed maturity investments with unrealized losses, its intent to hold them may change due to deterioration in the issuers’ creditworthiness, decisions to lessen exposure to a particular issuer or industry, asset/liability management decisions, market movements, changes in views about appropriate asset allocation or the desire to offset taxable realized gains. Should AFG’s ability or intent change regarding a particular security, a charge for impairment would likely be required. While it is not possible to accurately predict if or when a specific security will become impaired, increases in the allowance for credit losses could be material to results of operations in future periods. Significant declines in the fair value of AFG’s investment portfolio could have a significant adverse effect on AFG’s liquidity. For information on AFG’s realized gains (losses) on securities, see “Results of Operations — Realized Gains (Losses) on Securities.”

Uncertainties

Management believes that the areas posing the greatest risk of material loss are the adequacy of its insurance reserves and contingencies arising out of its former railroad and manufacturing operations. See Management’s Discussion and Analysis — “Uncertainties — Asbestos and Environmental-related (“A&E”) Insurance Reserves” in AFG’s ~~2020~~2021 Form 10–K.

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~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

MANAGED INVESTMENT ENTITIES

Accounting standards require AFG to consolidate its investments in collateralized loan obligation (“CLO”) entities that it manages and owns an interest in (in the form of debt). See Note A — “Accounting Policies — Managed Investment Entities” and Note G — “Managed Investment Entities” to the financial statements. The effect of consolidating these entities is shown in the tables below (in millions). The “Before CLO Consolidation” columns include AFG’s investment and earnings in the CLOs on an unconsolidated basis.

4336

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET


		Before CLO Consolidation		Managed Investment Entities		Consol. Entries			Consolidated As Reported			Before CLO Consolidation		Managed Investment Entities		Consol. Entries			Consolidated As Reported
June 30, 2021
March 31, 2022											March 31, 2022
Assets:	Assets:										Assets:
Cash and investments	Cash and investments	$	16,182	$	—	$	(57)	(*)	$	16,125	Cash and investments	$	15,720	$	—	$	(119)	(*)	$	15,601
Assets of managed investment entities	Assets of managed investment entities	—		5,086		—			5,086		Assets of managed investment entities	—		5,231		—			5,231
Other assets	Other assets	7,569		—		—		(*)	7,569		Other assets	7,930		—		—		(*)	7,930
Assets of discontinued annuity operations		—		—		—			—
Total assets	Total assets	$	23,751	$	5,086	$	(57)		$	28,780	Total assets	$	23,650	$	5,231	$	(119)		$	28,762
Liabilities:	Liabilities:										Liabilities:
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses and unearned premiums	Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses and unearned premiums	$	13,552	$	—	$	—		$	13,552	Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses and unearned premiums	$	14,192	$	—	$	—		$	14,192
Liabilities of managed investment entities	Liabilities of managed investment entities	—		5,086		(57)		(*)	5,029		Liabilities of managed investment entities	—		5,201		(89)		(*)	5,112
Long-term debt and other liabilities	Long-term debt and other liabilities	4,598		—		—			4,598		Long-term debt and other liabilities	4,623		—		—			4,623
Liabilities of discontinued annuity operations		—		—		—			—
Total liabilities											Total liabilities	18,815		5,201		(89)			23,927

Shareholders’ equity:											Shareholders’ equity:
Common Stock and Capital surplus											Common Stock and Capital surplus	1,425		30		(30)			1,425
Retained earnings											Retained earnings	3,541		—		—			3,541
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax											Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(131)		—		—			(131)
Total shareholders’ equity											Total shareholders’ equity	4,835		30		(30)			4,835

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity											Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	23,650	$	5,231	$	(119)		$	28,762

December 31, 2021											December 31, 2021
Assets:											Assets:
Cash and investments											Cash and investments	$	15,821	$	—	$	(76)	(*)	$	15,745
Assets of managed investment entities											Assets of managed investment entities	—		5,296		—			5,296
Other assets											Other assets	7,890		—		—		(*)	7,890
Total assets											Total assets	$	23,711	$	5,296	$	(76)		$	28,931
Liabilities:											Liabilities:
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses and unearned premiums											Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses and unearned premiums	$	14,115	$	—	$	—		$	14,115
Liabilities of managed investment entities											Liabilities of managed investment entities	—		5,296		(76)		(*)	5,220
Long-term debt and other liabilities											Long-term debt and other liabilities	4,584		—		—			4,584
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	18,150		5,086		(57)			23,179		Total liabilities	18,699		5,296		(76)			23,919

Shareholders’ equity:	Shareholders’ equity:										Shareholders’ equity:
Common Stock and Capital surplus	Common Stock and Capital surplus	1,388		—		—			1,388		Common Stock and Capital surplus	1,415		—		—			1,415
Retained earnings	Retained earnings	4,023		—		—			4,023		Retained earnings	3,478		—		—			3,478
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax	Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax	190		—		—			190		Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax	119		—		—			119
Total shareholders’ equity	Total shareholders’ equity	5,601		—		—			5,601		Total shareholders’ equity	5,012		—		—			5,012
Noncontrolling interests		—		—		—			—
Total equity		5,601		—		—			5,601
Total liabilities and equity		$	23,751	$	5,086	$	(57)		$	28,780

December 31, 2020
Assets:
Cash and investments		$	13,550	$	—	$	(56)	(*)	$	13,494
Assets of managed investment entities		—		4,971		—			4,971
Other assets		7,361		—		(1)		(*)	7,360
Assets of discontinued annuity operations		47,885		—		—			47,885
Total assets		$	68,796	$	4,971	$	(57)		$	73,710
Liabilities:
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses and unearned premiums		$	13,195	$	—	$	—		$	13,195
Liabilities of managed investment entities		—		4,971		(57)		(*)	4,914
Long-term debt and other liabilities		4,354		—		—			4,354
Liabilities of discontinued annuity operations		44,458		—		—			44,458
Total liabilities		62,007		4,971		(57)			66,921

Shareholders’ equity:
Common Stock and Capital surplus		1,367		—		—			1,367
Retained earnings		4,149		—		—			4,149
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax		1,273		—		—			1,273
Total shareholders’ equity		6,789		—		—			6,789
Noncontrolling interests		—		—		—			—
Total equity		6,789		—		—			6,789
Total liabilities and equity		$	68,796	$	4,971	$	(57)		$	73,710
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity											Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	23,711	$	5,296	$	(76)		$	28,931

(*)Elimination of the fair value of AFG’s investment in CLOs and related accrued interest.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF EARNINGS


		Before CLO Consolidation (a)		Managed Investment Entities		Consol. Entries			Consolidated As Reported			Before CLO Consol. (a)		Managed Investment Entities		Consol. Entries			Consolidated As Reported
Three months ended June 30, 2021
Three months ended March 31, 2022											Three months ended March 31, 2022
Revenues:	Revenues:										Revenues:
Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums	Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums	$	1,250	$	—	$	—		$	1,250	Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums	$	1,302	$	—	$	—		$	1,302
Net investment income	Net investment income	171		—		(7)		(b)	164		Net investment income	228		—		2		(b)	230
Realized gains (losses) on:
Securities		43		—		—			43
Subsidiary		4		—		—			4

Realized gains (losses) on securities											Realized gains (losses) on securities	(15)		—		—			(15)

Income of managed investment entities:	Income of managed investment entities:										Income of managed investment entities:
Investment income	Investment income	—		44		—			44		Investment income	—		46		—			46
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities	Gain (loss) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities	—		3		3		(b)	6		Gain (loss) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities	—		—		(5)		(b)	(5)
Other income	Other income	24		—		(4)		(c)	20		Other income	34		—		(4)		(c)	30
Total revenues	Total revenues	1,492		47		(8)			1,531		Total revenues	1,549		46		(7)			1,588
Costs and Expenses:	Costs and Expenses:										Costs and Expenses:
Insurance benefits and expenses	Insurance benefits and expenses	1,104		—		—			1,104		Insurance benefits and expenses	1,107		—		—			1,107
Expenses of managed investment entities	Expenses of managed investment entities	—		47		(8)		(b)(c)	39		Expenses of managed investment entities	—		46		(7)		(b)(c)	39
Interest charges on borrowed money and other expenses	Interest charges on borrowed money and other expenses	100		—		—			100		Interest charges on borrowed money and other expenses	81		—		—			81
Total costs and expenses	Total costs and expenses	1,204		47		(8)			1,243		Total costs and expenses	1,188		46		(7)			1,227
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes		288		—		—			288
Provision (credit) for income taxes		48		—		—			48
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations, including noncontrolling interests		240		—		—			240
Net earnings (loss) from discontinued operations		762		—		—			762
Less: Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests		—		—		—			—
Net earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders		$	1,002	$	—	$	—		$	1,002
Earnings before income taxes											Earnings before income taxes	361		—		—			361
Provision for income taxes											Provision for income taxes	71		—		—			71

Three months ended June 30, 2020

Net earnings											Net earnings	$	290	$	—	$	—		$	290

Three months ended March 31, 2021											Three months ended March 31, 2021
Revenues:	Revenues:										Revenues:
Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums	Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums	$	1,184	$	—	$	—		$	1,184	Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums	$	1,173	$	—	$	—		$	1,173
Net investment income	Net investment income	88		—		—		(b)	88		Net investment income	193		—		(5)		(b)	188

Realized gains (losses) on securities	Realized gains (losses) on securities	108		—		—			108		Realized gains (losses) on securities	77		—		—			77

Income of managed investment entities:	Income of managed investment entities:										Income of managed investment entities:
Investment income	Investment income	—		49		—			49		Investment income	—		46		—			46
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities	Gain (loss) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities	—		(2)		(1)		(b)	(3)		Gain (loss) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities	—		(1)		3		(b)	2
Other income	Other income	23		—		(4)		(c)	19		Other income	27		—		(4)		(c)	23
Total revenues	Total revenues	1,403		47		(5)			1,445		Total revenues	1,470		45		(6)			1,509
Costs and Expenses:	Costs and Expenses:										Costs and Expenses:
Insurance benefits and expenses	Insurance benefits and expenses	1,180		—		—			1,180		Insurance benefits and expenses	1,047		—		—			1,047
Expenses of managed investment entities	Expenses of managed investment entities	—		47		(5)		(b)(c)	42		Expenses of managed investment entities	—		45		(6)		(b)(c)	39
Interest charges on borrowed money and other expenses	Interest charges on borrowed money and other expenses	83		—		—			83		Interest charges on borrowed money and other expenses	88		—		—			88
Total costs and expenses	Total costs and expenses	1,263		47		(5)			1,305		Total costs and expenses	1,135		45		(6)			1,174
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes		140		—		—			140
Provision (credit) for income taxes		37		—		—			37
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations, including noncontrolling interests		103		—		—			103
Net earnings (loss) from discontinued operations		64		—		—			64
Less: Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests		(10)		—		—			(10)
Net earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders		$	177	$	—	$	—		$	177
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes											Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes	335		—		—			335
Provision for income taxes											Provision for income taxes	68		—		—			68
Net earnings from continuing operations											Net earnings from continuing operations	267		—		—			267
Net earnings from discontinued operations											Net earnings from discontinued operations	152		—		—			152

Net earnings											Net earnings	$	419	$	—	$	—		$	419

(a)Includes ~~income~~a loss of $7$2 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 and ~~less than $1~~income of $5 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020,~~2021, representing the change in fair value of AFG’s CLO investments plus $4 million in both the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020,~~2021, in CLO management fees earned.

(b)Elimination of the change in fair value of AFG’s investments in the CLOs, including $4$3 million and $2 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of 2022 and 2021, ~~and $1 million in the second quarter of 2020,~~respectively, in distributions recorded as interest expense by the CLOs.

(c)Elimination of management fees earned by AFG.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

~~CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF EARNINGS~~

Before CLO
Consolidation (a) Managed
Investment
Entities Consol.
Entries Consolidated
As Reported
Six months ended June 30, 2021
Revenues:
Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums $ 2,423 $ — $ — $ 2,423
Net investment income 364 — (12) (b) 352
Realized gains (losses) on:
Securities 120 — — 120
Subsidiary 4 — — 4
Income of managed investment entities:
Investment income — 90 — 90
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities — 2 6 (b) 8
Other income 51 — (8) (c) 43
Total revenues 2,962 92 (14) 3,040
Costs and Expenses:
Insurance benefits and expenses 2,151 — — 2,151
Expenses of managed investment entities — 92 (14) (b)(c) 78
Interest charges on borrowed money and other expenses 188 — — 188
Total costs and expenses 2,339 92 (14) 2,417
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes 623 — — 623
Provision (credit) for income taxes 116 — — 116
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations, including noncontrolling interests 507 — — 507
Net earnings (loss) from discontinued operations 914 — — 914
Less: Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests — — — —
Net earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders $ 1,421 $ — $ — $ 1,421
Six months ended June 30, 2020
Revenues:
Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums $ 2,393 $ — $ — $ 2,393
Net investment income 181 — 11 (b) 192
Realized gains (losses) on securities (220) — — (220)
Income of managed investment entities:
Investment income — 108 — 108
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities — (2) (14) (b) (16)
Other income 51 — (8) (c) 43
Total revenues 2,405 106 (11) 2,500
Costs and Expenses:
Insurance benefits and expenses 2,307 — — 2,307
Expenses of managed investment entities — 106 (11) (b)(c) 95
Interest charges on borrowed money and other expenses 143 — — 143
Total costs and expenses 2,450 106 (11) 2,545
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes (45) — — (45)
Provision (credit) for income taxes (4) — — (4)
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations, including noncontrolling interests (41) — — (41)
Net earnings (loss) from discontinued operations (96) — — (96)
Less: Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests (13) — — (13)
Net earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders $ (124) $ — $ — $ (124)

~~(a)Includes income of $12 million in the first six months~~of 2021 and losses of $11 million in the first six months of 2020, representing the change in fair value of AFG’s CLO investments plus $8 million in both the first six months of 2021 and the first six months of 2020, in CLO management fees earned.

~~(b)~~Elimination of the change in fair value of AFG’s investments in the CLOs, including $6 million in the first six months of 2021 and $3 million in the first six months of 2020, in distributions recorded as interest expense by the CLOs.

~~(c)Elimination of management fees earned by AFG.~~

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

General

AFG’s net earnings, ~~(loss) attributable to shareholders,~~ determined in accordance with GAAP, include certain items that may not be indicative of its ongoing core operations. In addition to discontinued operations, core net operating earnings excludes realized gains (losses) on securities because such gains and losses are influenced significantly by financial markets, interest rates and the timing of sales. In addition, special charges related to coverage that AFG no longer writes, such as ~~for~~ asbestos and environmental exposures, are excluded from core earnings.

In January 2021, AFG entered into a definitive agreement to sell its annuity business to MassMutual. Beginning with the first quarter of 2021 and through the May 31, 2021 effective date of the sale, the results of its annuity segment and the run-off life and long-term care operations are reported as discontinued operations, in accordance with GAAP, which included adjusting prior period results to reflect these operations as discontinued.

AFG recorded ~~$762~~$152 million in non-core net earnings from its discontinued annuity operations (sold in May 2021) in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of 2021, which includes ~~a $697 million after tax gain on the sale, compared to $64~~$41 million in tax liabilities triggered by the second quarter of 2020. The first six months of 2021 include $914 million in non-core net earnings from the discontinued annuity operations compared to non-core net losses of $96 million in the first six months of 2020. See ~~“Discontinued Annuity Operations”~~ ~~below for details of the impact of the discontinued annuity operations on AFG’s net earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders for the second quarter and first six months of 2021 and 2020.~~pending sale.

In December 2019, AFG initiated actions to exit the Lloyd’s of London insurance market, which included placing its Lloyd’s subsidiaries including its Lloyd’s Managing Agency, Neon Underwriting Ltd., into run-off. Neon and its predecessor, Marketform, failed to achieve AFG’s profitability objectives since AFG’s purchase of Marketform in 2008. Consistent with the treatment of other items that are not indicative of AFG’s ongoing operations (both favorable and unfavorable), beginning with the first quarter of 2020, AFG’s core net operating earnings for its property and casualty insurance segment excludes the run-off operations of Neon (“Neon exited lines”). In December 2020, AFG sold GAI Holding Bermuda and its subsidiaries, comprising the legal entities that own Neon, to RiverStone Holdings Limited.

AFG recorded non-core net losses of $32 million in the second quarter of 2020 and $39 million in the first six months of 2020 related to the run-off of the Neon business. In the second quarter of 2021, AFG recognized a non-core after tax gain of $3 million related to contingent consideration received on the sale of Neon. The Neon exited lines impact is highlighted in the discussion following the reconciliation of net earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders to core net operating earnings.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

The following table (in millions, except per share amounts) identifies non-core items and reconciles net earnings ~~(loss) attributable to shareholders~~ to core net operating earnings, a non-GAAP financial measure. AFG believes core net operating earnings is a useful tool for investors and analysts in analyzing ongoing operating trends and for management to evaluate financial performance against historical results because it believes this provides a more comparable measure of its continuing business.

Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Components of net earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders:
Core operating earnings before income taxes $ 252 $ 74 $ 510 $ 227
Pretax non-core items:
Realized gains (losses) on securities 43 108 120 (220)
Neon exited lines (*) 4 (42) 4 (52)
Other (11) — (11) —
Earnings (loss) before income taxes 288 140 623 (45)
Provision (credit) for income taxes:
Core operating earnings 47 14 99 42
Non-core items:
Realized gains (losses) on securities 9 23 25 (46)
Neon exited lines (*) 1 — 1 —
Other (9) — (9) —
Total provision (credit) for income taxes 48 37 116 (4)
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations, including noncontrolling interests 240 103 507 (41)
Net earnings (loss) from discontinued operations 762 64 914 (96)
Less net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests:
Neon exited lines (*) — (10) — (13)
Net earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders $ 1,002 $ 177 $ 1,421 $ (124)
Net earnings (loss):
Core net operating earnings $ 205 $ 60 $ 411 $ 185
Realized gains (losses) on securities 34 85 95 (174)
Neon exited lines (*) 3 (32) 3 (39)
Other (2) — (2) —
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations 240 113 507 (28)
Discontinued annuity operations 762 64 914 (96)
Net earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders $ 1,002 $ 177 $ 1,421 $ (124)
Diluted per share amounts:
Core net operating earnings $ 2.39 $ 0.67 $ 4.78 $ 2.04
Realized gains (losses) on securities 0.40 0.95 1.10 (1.92)
Neon exited lines (*) 0.04 (0.36) 0.04 (0.43)
Other (0.02) — (0.02) —
Diluted per share amounts, continuing operations 2.81 1.26 5.90 (0.31)
Discontinued annuity operations 8.89 0.71 10.61 (1.07)
Net earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders $ 11.70 $ 1.97 $ 16.51 $ (1.38)

~~(*)~~As discussed above, the Neon run-off operations are considered property and casualty insurance non-core earnings (losses). In the second quarter of 2021, AFG recognized a non-core after tax gain of $3 million related to contingent consideration received on the sale of Neon.


	Three months ended March 31,
	2022		2021
Components of net earnings:
Core operating earnings before income taxes	$	378	$	258
Pretax non-core items:
Realized gains (losses) on securities	(15)		77


Loss on retirement of debt	(2)		—
Earnings before income taxes	361		335
Provision for income taxes:
Core operating earnings	75		52
Non-core items:
Realized gains (losses) on securities	(3)		16


Loss on retirement of debt	(1)		—
Total provision for income taxes	71		68
Net earnings from continuing operations	290		267
Net earnings from discontinued operations	—		152



Net earnings	$	290	$	419

Net earnings:
Core net operating earnings	$	303	$	206
Realized gains (losses) on securities	(12)		61


Loss on retirement of debt	(1)		—
Net earnings from continuing operations	290		267
Discontinued annuity operations	—		152
Net earnings	$	290	$	419

Diluted per share amounts:
Core net operating earnings	$	3.56	$	2.38
Realized gains (losses) on securities	(0.14)		0.70


Loss on retirement of debt	(0.02)		—
Diluted per share amounts, continuing operations	3.40		3.08
Discontinued annuity operations	—		1.76
Net earnings	$	3.40	$	4.84

Net earnings ~~attributable to shareholders~~ were ~~$1.00 billion in the second quarter of 2021 compared to $177~~$290 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020.~~2022 compared to $419 million in the first three months of 2021. The ~~improvement~~decrease in results reflects ~~higher core net operating earnings, higher~~ net earnings from the discontinued annuity operations ~~non-core losses from the Neon exited lines~~ in the ~~second~~first quarter of ~~2020~~2021 and ~~lower~~ net realized losses on securities in the first three months of 2022 compared to net realized gains on securities in the first three months of 2021, partially offset by higher core net operating earnings. Core net operating earnings for the first

4839

Table of Contents

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

realized gains on securities in the second quarter of 2021 compared to the second quarter of 2020. The discontinued annuity operations includes an after-tax gain from the sale of the annuity subsidiaries of $697 million in the second quarter of 2021. Core net operating earnings for the second quarter of 2021 increased $145 million compared to the second quarter of 2020 reflecting higher underwriting profit and net investment income in the property and casualty insurance segment, partially offset by higher holding company expenses. Realized gains (losses) on securities in the second quarter of 2021 and 2020 resulted primarily from the change in fair value of equity securities that were still held at the balance sheet date.

~~Net earnings attributable to shareholders were $1.42 billion in the first six~~three months of 2021 compared to a net loss of $124 million in the first six months of 2020. The improved results reflect higher core net operating earnings, net realized gains on securities in the first six months of 2021 compared to net realized losses in the first six months of 2020, non-core losses from the Neon exited lines in the 2020 period and net earnings from the discontinued annuity operations in the first six months of 2021 compared to a net loss in the first six months of 2020. The discontinued annuity operations includes an after-tax gain from the sale of the annuity subsidiaries of $656 million in the 2021 period (including $41 million in tax liabilities triggered by the pending sale in the first quarter of 2021). Core net operating earnings for the first six months of 20212022 increased ~~$226~~$97 million compared to the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2020~~2021 reflecting higher underwriting profit, ~~and~~higher net investment income ~~in the property~~ and ~~casualty insurance segment, partially offset by higher interest charges on borrowed money and higher~~lower holding company expenses. Realized gains (losses) on securities in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020~~2021 resulted primarily from the change in fair value of equity securities that were still held at the balance sheet date.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — THREE MONTHS ENDED ~~JUNE 30,~~MARCH 31, 2022 AND 2021 ~~AND 2020~~

Segmented Statement of Earnings

Subsequent to the ~~agreement to sell the Annuity subsidiaries,~~sale of its annuity operations, AFG reports its ~~continuing~~ operations as two segments: (i) Property and casualty insurance (“P&C”) and (ii) Other, which includes holding company costs and income and expenses related to the managed investment entities (“MIEs”).

AFG’s net earnings, determined in accordance with GAAP, include certain items that may not be indicative of its ongoing core operations. The following tables for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 identify such items by segment and reconcile net earnings to core net operating earnings, a non-GAAP financial measure that AFG believes is a useful tool for investors and analysts in analyzing ongoing operating trends (in millions):


			Other
	P&C		Consol. MIEs		Holding Co., other and unallocated		Total		Non-core reclass		GAAP Total
Three months ended March 31, 2022
Revenues:
Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums	$	1,302	$	—	$	—	$	1,302	$	—	$	1,302
Net investment income	223		2		5		230		—		230

Realized gains (losses) on securities	—		—		—		—		(15)		(15)

Income of MIEs:
Investment income	—		46		—		46		—		46
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities	—		(5)		—		(5)		—		(5)
Other income	4		(4)		30		30		—		30
Total revenues	1,529		39		35		1,603		(15)		1,588

Costs and Expenses:
Property and casualty insurance:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	693		—		—		693		—		693
Commissions and other underwriting expenses	402		—		12		414		—		414
Interest charges on borrowed money	—		—		23		23		—		23
Expenses of MIEs	—		39		—		39		—		39
Other expenses	12		—		44		56		2		58
Total costs and expenses	1,107		39		79		1,225		2		1,227
Earnings before income taxes	422		—		(44)		378		(17)		361
Provision for income taxes	86		—		(11)		75		(4)		71


Core Net Operating Earnings	336		—		(33)		303
Non-core earnings (loss) (*):
Realized gains (losses) on securities, net of tax	—		—		(12)		(12)		12		—

Loss on retirement of debt, net of tax	—		—		(1)		(1)		1		—
Net Earnings	$	336	$	—	$	(46)	$	290	$	—	$	290

Table of Contents

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

AFG’s net earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders, determined in accordance with GAAP, include certain items that may not be indicative of its ongoing core operations. The following tables for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 identify such items by segment and reconcile net earnings attributable to shareholders to core net operating earnings, a non-GAAP financial measure that AFG believes is a useful tool for investors and analysts in analyzing ongoing operating trends (in millions):

Other
P&C Annuity Consol. MIEs Holding Co., other and unallocated Total Non-core reclass GAAP Total
Three months ended June 30, 2021
Revenues:
Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums $ 1,250 $ — $ — $ — $ 1,250 $ — $ 1,250
Net investment income 143 22 (7) 6 164 — 164
Realized gains (losses) on:
Securities — — — — — 43 43
Subsidiary — — — — — 4 4
Income of MIEs:
Investment income — — 44 — 44 — 44
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities — — 6 — 6 — 6
Other income 1 — (4) 23 20 — 20
Total revenues 1,394 22 39 29 1,484 47 1,531
Costs and Expenses:
Property and casualty insurance:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses 714 — — — 714 — 714
Commissions and other underwriting expenses 384 — — 6 390 — 390
Interest charges on borrowed money — — — 23 23 — 23
Expenses of MIEs — — 39 — 39 — 39
Other expenses 8 — — 58 66 11 77
Total costs and expenses 1,106 — 39 87 1,232 11 1,243
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes 288 22 — (58) 252 36 288
Provision (credit) for income taxes 57 5 — (15) 47 1 48
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations, including noncontrolling interests 231 17 — (43) 205 35 240
Less: Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests — — — — — — —
Core Net Operating Earnings (Loss) 231 17 — (43) 205
Non-core earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders (a):
Realized gains (losses) on securities, net of tax — — — 34 34 (34) —
Discontinued operations, net of tax — 762 — — 762 — 762
Neon exited lines (b) 3 — — — 3 (3) —
Other, net of tax — — — (2) (2) 2 —
Net Earnings (Loss) Attributable to Shareholders $ 234 $ 779 $ — $ (11) $ 1,002 $ — $ 1,002

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~


				Other																	Other
		P&C		Annuity		Consol. MIEs		Holding Co., other and unallocated		Total		Non-core reclass		Neon exited lines (b)		GAAP Total			P&C		Annuity		Consol. MIEs		Holding Co., other and unallocated		Total		Non-core reclass		GAAP Total
Three months ended June 30, 2020
Three months ended March 31, 2021																		Three months ended March 31, 2021
Revenues:	Revenues:																	Revenues:
Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums	Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums	$	1,123	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,123	$	—	$	61	$	1,184	Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums	$	1,173	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,173	$	—	$	1,173
Net investment income	Net investment income	72		7		—		9		88		—		—		88		Net investment income	159		29		(5)		5		188		—		188

Realized gains (losses) on securities	Realized gains (losses) on securities	—		—		—		—		—		108		—		108		Realized gains (losses) on securities	—		—		—		—		—		77		77

Income of MIEs:	Income of MIEs:																	Income of MIEs:
Investment income	Investment income	—		—		49		—		49		—		—		49		Investment income	—		—		46		—		46		—		46
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities	Gain (loss) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities	—		—		(3)		—		(3)		—		—		(3)		Gain (loss) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities	—		—		2		—		2		—		2
Other income	Other income	3		(1)		(4)		21		19		—		—		19		Other income	4		—		(4)		23		23		—		23
Total revenues	Total revenues	1,198		6		42		30		1,276		108		61		1,445		Total revenues	1,336		29		39		28		1,432		77		1,509

Costs and Expenses:	Costs and Expenses:																	Costs and Expenses:
Property and casualty insurance:	Property and casualty insurance:																	Property and casualty insurance:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	Losses and loss adjustment expenses	705		—		—		—		705		—		66		771		Losses and loss adjustment expenses	667		—		—		—		667		—		667
Commissions and other underwriting expenses	Commissions and other underwriting expenses	366		—		—		5		371		—		38		409		Commissions and other underwriting expenses	372		—		—		8		380		—		380
Interest charges on borrowed money	Interest charges on borrowed money	—		—		—		23		23		—		—		23		Interest charges on borrowed money	—		—		—		24		24		—		24
Expenses of MIEs	Expenses of MIEs	—		—		42		—		42		—		—		42		Expenses of MIEs	—		—		39		—		39		—		39
Other expenses	Other expenses	11		5		—		45		61		—		(1)		60		Other expenses	9		1		—		54		64		—		64
Total costs and expenses	Total costs and expenses	1,082		5		42		73		1,202		—		103		1,305		Total costs and expenses	1,048		1		39		86		1,174		—		1,174
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes		116		1		—		(43)		74		108		(42)		140
Provision (credit) for income taxes		22		—		—		(8)		14		23		—		37
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations, including noncontrolling interests		94		1		—		(35)		60		85		(42)		103
Less: Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests		—		—		—		—		—		—		(10)		(10)
Core Net Operating Earnings (Loss)		94		1		—		(35)		60
Non-core earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders (a):
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes																		Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes	288		28		—		(58)		258		77		335
Provision for income taxes																		Provision for income taxes	56		6		—		(10)		52		16		68

Core Net Operating Earnings																		Core Net Operating Earnings	232		22		—		(48)		206
Non-core earnings (loss) (*):																		Non-core earnings (loss) (*):
Realized gains (losses) on securities, net of tax	Realized gains (losses) on securities, net of tax	—		—		—		85		85		(85)		—		—		Realized gains (losses) on securities, net of tax	—		—		—		61		61		(61)		—
Discontinued operations, net of tax	Discontinued operations, net of tax	—		64		—		—		64		—		—		64		Discontinued operations, net of tax	—		152		—		—		152		—		152
Neon exited lines (b)		(32)		—		—		—		(32)		—		32		—

Net Earnings (Loss) Attributable to Shareholders		$	62	$	65	$	—	$	50	$	177	$	—	$	—	$	177

Net Earnings																		Net Earnings	$	232	$	174	$	—	$	13	$	419	$	—	$	419

~~(a)~~(*)See the reconciliation of core earnings to GAAP net earnings under ~~“Results~~“Results of Operations — ~~General”~~General” for details on the tax ~~and noncontrolling interest~~ impacts of these reconciling items.

~~(b)As discussed under “Results of Operations — General,” the Neon run-off operations are considered property and casualty insurance non-core earnings (losses).~~

Property and Casualty Insurance Segment — Results of Operations

Performance measures such as underwriting profit or loss and related combined ratios are often used by property and casualty insurers to help users of their financial statements better understand the company’s performance. Underwriting profitability is measured by the combined ratio, which is a sum of the ratios of losses and loss adjustment expenses, and commissions and other underwriting expenses to premiums. A combined ratio under 100% indicates an underwriting profit. The combined ratio does not reflect net investment income, other income, other expenses or federal income taxes.

AFG’s property and casualty insurance operations contributed ~~$292~~$422 million in GAAP pretax earnings in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~$74 million in the second quarter of 2020, an increase of $218 million (295%). Property and casualty core pretax earnings were~~ $288 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of 2021, ~~compared to $116 million in the second quarter of 2020,~~ an increase of ~~$172~~$134 million ~~(148%~~(47%). The increase in ~~GAAP~~ pretax earnings reflects higher ~~core pretax earnings and the impact of losses in the Neon exited lines in the second quarter of 2020. The increase in core pretax earnings reflects higher core~~ underwriting profit ~~in the second quarter of 2021 compared to the second quarter of 2020~~ and ~~significantly~~ higher net investment ~~income. Improved results~~income primarily from alternative investments (partnerships and similar investments and AFG-managed CLOs) ~~were partially offset by lower other net investment income, due primarily~~in the first three months of 2022 compared to ~~lower short-term interest rates.~~the first three months of 2021.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

The following table details AFG’s ~~GAAP and core~~ earnings before income taxes from its property and casualty insurance operations for the three months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2022 and 2021 ~~and 2020~~ (dollars in millions):


		Three months ended June 30,										Three months ended March 31,
		2021			2020			% Change				2022			2021			% Change
Gross written premiums	Gross written premiums	$	1,937		$	1,539		26		%	Gross written premiums	$	1,936		$	1,616		20	%
Reinsurance premiums ceded	Reinsurance premiums ceded	(568)			(416)			37		%	Reinsurance premiums ceded	(568)			(411)			38	%
Net written premiums	Net written premiums	1,369			1,123			22		%	Net written premiums	1,368			1,205			14	%
Change in unearned premiums	Change in unearned premiums	(119)			—			—		%	Change in unearned premiums	(66)			(32)			106	%
Net earned premiums	Net earned premiums	1,250			1,123			11		%	Net earned premiums	1,302			1,173			11	%
Loss and loss adjustment expenses	Loss and loss adjustment expenses	714			705			1		%	Loss and loss adjustment expenses	693			667			4	%
Commissions and other underwriting expenses	Commissions and other underwriting expenses	384			366			5		%	Commissions and other underwriting expenses	402			372			8	%
Core underwriting gain		152			52			192		%
Underwriting gain											Underwriting gain	207			134			54	%

Net investment income	Net investment income	143			72			99		%	Net investment income	223			159			40	%
Other income and expenses, net	Other income and expenses, net	(7)			(8)			(13		%)	Other income and expenses, net	(8)			(5)			60	%
Core earnings before income taxes		288			116			148		%

Pretax non-core Neon exited lines (*)		4			(42)			(110		%)
GAAP earnings before income taxes and noncontrolling interests		$	292		$	74		295		%
(*) In December 2019, AFG initiated actions to exit the Lloyd’s of London insurance market, which included placing its Lloyd’s subsidiaries including its Lloyd’s Managing Agency, Neon Underwriting Ltd. (“Neon”), into run-off. As discussed under “Results of Operations — General,” following the December 2019 decision to exit the Lloyd’s of London insurance market, the results from the Neon exited lines are treated as non-core earnings (losses). Each line item in the table above has been adjusted to remove the impact from the Neon run-off operations in 2020. The following table details the impact of the Neon exited lines to each component of earnings (loss) before income taxes in the property and casualty insurance operations for the three months ended June 30, 2020 (in millions):

		Three months ended June 30, 2020
		Excluding Neon exited lines			Neon exited lines			Total
Gross written premiums		$	1,539		$	14		$	1,553
Reinsurance premiums ceded		(416)			(6)			(422)
Net written premiums		1,123			8			1,131
Change in unearned premiums		—			53			53
Net earned premiums		1,123			61			1,184
Loss and loss adjustment expenses		705			66			771
Commissions and other underwriting expenses		366			38			404
Underwriting gain (loss)		52			(43)			9

Net investment income		72			—			72

Other income and expenses, net		(8)			1			(7)
Earnings (loss) before income taxes and noncontrolling interests		$	116		$	(42)		$	74

Earnings before income taxes											Earnings before income taxes	$	422		$	288		47	%

		Three months ended June 30,										Three months ended March 31,
		2021			2020			Change				2022			2021			Change
Combined Ratios:	Combined Ratios:										Combined Ratios:
Specialty lines	Specialty lines										Specialty lines
Loss and LAE ratio	Loss and LAE ratio	57.2		%	62.6		%	(5.4		%)	Loss and LAE ratio	53.1		%	56.8		%	(3.7	%)
Underwriting expense ratio	Underwriting expense ratio	30.7		%	32.6		%	(1.9		%)	Underwriting expense ratio	30.9		%	31.7		%	(0.8	%)
Combined ratio	Combined ratio	87.9		%	95.2		%	(7.3		%)	Combined ratio	84.0		%	88.5		%	(4.5	%)

Aggregate — including exited lines	Aggregate — including exited lines										Aggregate — including exited lines
Loss and LAE ratio	Loss and LAE ratio	57.2		%	65.1		%	(7.9		%)	Loss and LAE ratio	53.2		%	56.9		%	(3.7	%)
Underwriting expense ratio	Underwriting expense ratio	30.7		%	34.1		%	(3.4		%)	Underwriting expense ratio	30.9		%	31.7		%	(0.8	%)
Combined ratio	Combined ratio	87.9		%	99.2		%	(11.3		%)	Combined ratio	84.1		%	88.6		%	(4.5	%)

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

AFG reports the underwriting performance of its Specialty property and casualty insurance business in the following sub-segments: (i) Property and transportation, (ii) Specialty casualty and (iii) Specialty financial.

To understand the overall profitability of particular lines, the timing of claims payments and the related impact of investment income must be considered. Certain “short-tail” lines of business (primarily property coverages) generally have quick loss payouts, which reduce the time funds are held, thereby limiting investment income earned thereon. In contrast, “long-tail” lines of business (primarily liability coverages and workers’ compensation) generally have payouts that are either structured over many years or take many years to settle, thereby significantly increasing investment income earned on related premiums received.

Gross Written Premiums

Gross written premiums (“GWP”) for AFG’s property and casualty insurance segment were $1.94 billion for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~$1.55~~$1.62 billion for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020,~~2021, an increase of ~~$384~~$320 million ~~(25%~~(20%). Detail of AFG’s property and casualty gross written premiums is shown below (dollars in millions):

Three months ended June 30,
2021 2020
GWP % GWP % % Change
Property and transportation $ 851 44 % $ 611 39 % 39 %
Specialty casualty 897 46 % 752 49 % 19 %
Specialty financial 189 10 % 176 11 % 7 %
Total specialty 1,937 100 % 1,539 99 % 26 %
Neon exited lines — — % 14 1 % (100 %)
Aggregate $ 1,937 100 % $ 1,553 100 % 25 %

~~Reinsurance Premiums Ceded~~

Reinsurance premiums ceded (“Ceded”) for AFG’s property and casualty insurance segment were 29% of gross written premiums for the second quarter of 2021 compared to 27% of gross written premiums for the second quarter of 2020, an increase of 2 percentage points. Detail of AFG’s property and casualty reinsurance premiums ceded is shown below (dollars in millions):

Three months ended June 30,
2021 2020 Change in
Ceded % of GWP Ceded % of GWP % of GWP
Property and transportation $ (287) 34 % $ (185) 30 % 4 %
Specialty casualty (305) 34 % (241) 32 % 2 %
Specialty financial (30) 16 % (37) 21 % (5 %)
Other specialty 54 47
Total specialty (568) 29 % (416) 27 % 2 %
Neon exited lines — — % (6) 43 % (43 %)
Aggregate $ (568) 29 % $ (422) 27 % 2 %


	Three months ended March 31,
	2022				2021
	GWP		%		GWP		%		% Change
Property and transportation	$	760	39	%	$	520	32	%	46	%
Specialty casualty	976		51	%	904		56	%	8	%
Specialty financial	200		10	%	192		12	%	4	%



	$	1,936	100	%	$	1,616	100	%	20	%

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

Reinsurance Premiums Ceded

Reinsurance premiums ceded (“Ceded”) for AFG’s property and casualty insurance segment were 29% of gross written premiums for the first three months of 2022 compared to 25% of gross written premiums for the first three months of 2021, an increase of 4 percentage points. Detail of AFG’s property and casualty reinsurance premiums ceded is shown below (dollars in millions):


	Three months ended March 31,
	2022				2021				Change in
	Ceded		% of GWP		Ceded		% of GWP		% of GWP
Property and transportation	$	(259)	34	%	$	(117)	23	%	11	%
Specialty casualty	(326)		33	%	(316)		35	%	(2	%)
Specialty financial	(41)		21	%	(31)		16	%	5	%
Other specialty	58				53


	$	(568)	29	%	$	(411)	25	%	4	%

Net Written Premiums

Net written premiums (“NWP”) for AFG’s property and casualty insurance segment were $1.37 billion for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~$1.13~~$1.21 billion for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020,~~2021, an increase of ~~$238~~$163 million ~~(21%~~(14%). Detail of AFG’s property and casualty net written premiums is shown below (dollars in millions):


		Three months ended June 30,											Three months ended March 31,
		2021				2020							2022				2021
		NWP		%		NWP		%		% Change			NWP		%		NWP		%		% Change
Property and transportation	Property and transportation	$	564	41	%	$	426	38	%	32	%	Property and transportation	$	501	37	%	$	403	33	%	24	%
Specialty casualty	Specialty casualty	592		43	%	511		45	%	16	%	Specialty casualty	650		47	%	588		49	%	11	%
Specialty financial	Specialty financial	159		12	%	139		12	%	14	%	Specialty financial	159		12	%	161		13	%	(1	%)
Other specialty	Other specialty	54		4	%	47		4	%	15	%	Other specialty	58		4	%	53		5	%	9	%
Total specialty		1,369		100	%	1,123		99	%	22	%
Neon exited lines		—		—	%	8		1	%	(100	%)
Aggregate		$	1,369	100	%	$	1,131	100	%	21	%

													$	1,368	100	%	$	1,205	100	%	14	%

Net Earned Premiums

Net earned premiums (“NEP”) for AFG’s property and casualty insurance segment were ~~$1.25~~$1.30 billion for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~$1.18~~$1.17 billion for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020,~~2021, an increase of ~~$66~~$129 million ~~(6%~~(11%). Detail of AFG’s property and casualty net earned premiums is shown below (dollars in millions):


		Three months ended June 30,											Three months ended March 31,
		2021				2020							2022				2021
		NEP		%		NEP		%		% Change			NEP		%		NEP		%		% Change
Property and transportation	Property and transportation	$	453	36	%	$	390	33	%	16	%	Property and transportation	$	443	34	%	$	394	34	%	12	%
Specialty casualty	Specialty casualty	588		47	%	547		46	%	7	%	Specialty casualty	639		49	%	571		49	%	12	%
Specialty financial	Specialty financial	157		13	%	144		12	%	9	%	Specialty financial	163		13	%	157		13	%	4	%
Other specialty	Other specialty	52		4	%	42		4	%	24	%	Other specialty	57		4	%	51		4	%	12	%
Total specialty		1,250		100	%	1,123		95	%	11	%
Neon exited lines		—		—	%	61		5	%	(100	%)
Aggregate		$	1,250	100	%	$	1,184	100	%	6	%

													$	1,302	100	%	$	1,173	100	%	11	%

Gross written premiums for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 increased ~~$384~~$320 million ~~(25%~~(20%) compared to the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020 reflecting~~2021. Growth during the first three months of 2022 was favorably impacted by timing differences in the recording of premiums in the Property and transportation sub-segment. Excluding that impact, gross and net written premiums increased 9% and 10%, respectively, compared to the first three months of 2021 as a result of an ~~increase in each of the Specialty property~~improving economy, new business opportunities and ~~casualty insurance sub-segments due primarily to higher~~a strong renewal ~~rates and increased exposures.~~rate environment. Overall average renewal rates increased approximately 9%5% in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021.~~2022. Excluding rate decreases in the workers’ compensation business, renewal ~~pricing~~rates increased approximately ~~12%~~8%.

Property and transportation Gross written premiums increased $240 million ~~(39%~~(46%) in the ~~second~~first three months of 2022 compared to the first three months of 2021 due primarily to the timing of premium recognition between the fourth quarter of 2021 ~~compared to~~and the ~~second~~first quarter of 2020 due primarily to higher premiums in the transportation businesses, as a result of new accounts, combined with strong renewals and increased exposures in the alternative risk transfer business and higher premiums2022 in the crop insurance business asand the timing of the renewal of a ~~result of higher commodity futures pricing and timing differences~~large account in the writing of premiums. Average renewal rates increased approximately 7% for this group in the second quarter of 2021. Reinsurance premiums ceded as a percentage of gross written premiums increased 4 percentage points in the second quarter of 2021 compared to the second quarter of 2020 reflecting growth in the crop insurance operations, which cede a larger percentage of premiums than the other businesses in the Property and transportation ~~sub-segment and~~business. Excluding the impact of ~~$3 million in reinsurance reinstatement~~these items, first quarter gross and net written premiums in ~~the second quarter of 2021 related to a large property loss.~~

~~Specialty casualty~~Gross written premiums increased $145 million (19%) in the second quarter of 2021 compared to the second quarter of 2020. Significant renewal rate increases and new business opportunities contributed to higher premiums in the excess liability businesses. Higher renewal rates and increased exposures contributed to premium growth in the excess and surplus lines business. The executive liability and mergers and acquisitions businesses also contributed meaningfully to the year-over-year growth. Average renewal rates increased approximately 11% for this group in the second quarter of 2021. Excluding rate decreases in the workers’ compensation business, renewal rates for this group increased approximately 17%. Reinsurance premiums ceded as a percentage of gross written premiums increased 2 percentage points in the second quarter of 2021 compared to the second quarter of 2020 reflecting growth in the excess

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

this group grew 14% and ~~surplus, mergers and acquisitions and environmental businesses,~~12%, respectively, year-over-year. Average renewal rates increased approximately 6% for this group in the first three months of 2022. Reinsurance premiums ceded as a percentage of gross written premiums increased 11 percentage points in the first three months of 2022 compared to the first three months of 2021 reflecting the timing of premium recognition in the crop insurance operations, which cede a larger percentage of premiums than the other businesses in the Property and transportation sub-segment.

Specialty casualty ~~sub-segment.~~Gross written premiums increased $72 million (8%) in the first three months of 2022 compared to the first three months of 2021. With the exception of the workers’ compensation group, nearly all the businesses in this group achieved strong renewal rate increases and the vast majority of businesses in this group reported premium growth in the first three months of 2022. Average renewal rates increased approximately 5% for this group in the first three months of 2022. Excluding rate decreases in the workers’ compensation business, renewal rates for this group increased approximately 10%. Reinsurance premiums ceded as a percentage of gross written premiums decreased 2 percentage points in the first three months of 2022 compared to the first three months of 2021 reflecting lower cessions in the environmental, excess and surplus and excess liability businesses.

Specialty financial Gross written premiums increased ~~$13~~$8 million ~~(7%~~(4%) in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020~~2021 due primarily to ~~renewal~~strong rate increases and new business opportunities ~~within~~in the ~~lender services, surety~~fidelity business and ~~fidelity businesses.~~new business opportunities in the innovative markets business, partially offset by a decrease in premiums in the financial institutions business. Average renewal rates increased approximately 8%6% for this group in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021.~~2022. Reinsurance premiums ceded as a percentage of gross written premiums ~~decreased~~increased 5 percentage points in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020~~2021 reflecting ~~lower~~higher cessions in the ~~financial institutions business due to reduced premiums from collateral protection insurance that is 100% reinsured.~~innovative markets business.

Other specialty The amounts shown as reinsurance premiums ceded represent business assumed by AFG’s internal reinsurance program from the operations that make up AFG’s other Specialty property and casualty insurance sub-segments. Reinsurance premiums assumed increased $7$5 million ~~(15%)~~ in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020,~~2021 reflecting an increase in premiums retained, primarily from businesses in the Specialty casualty sub-segment.

~~Combined Ratio~~

~~The table below (dollars in millions) details the components of the combined ratio and underwriting profit for AFG’s property and casualty insurance segment:~~

Three months ended June 30, Three months ended June 30,
2021 2020 Change 2021 2020
Property and transportation
Loss and LAE ratio 58.2 % 61.3 % (3.1 %)
Underwriting expense ratio 28.4 % 30.4 % (2.0 %)
Combined ratio 86.6 % 91.7 % (5.1 %)
Underwriting profit $ 62 $ 33
Specialty casualty
Loss and LAE ratio 61.9 % 67.1 % (5.2 %)
Underwriting expense ratio 26.0 % 27.8 % (1.8 %)
Combined ratio 87.9 % 94.9 % (7.0 %)
Underwriting profit $ 71 $ 27
Specialty financial
Loss and LAE ratio 33.0 % 44.9 % (11.9 %)
Underwriting expense ratio 53.4 % 55.5 % (2.1 %)
Combined ratio 86.4 % 100.4 % (14.0 %)
Underwriting profit (loss) $ 21 $ —
Total Specialty
Loss and LAE ratio 57.2 % 62.6 % (5.4 %)
Underwriting expense ratio 30.7 % 32.6 % (1.9 %)
Combined ratio 87.9 % 95.2 % (7.3 %)
Underwriting profit $ 153 $ 54
Aggregate — including exited lines
Loss and LAE ratio 57.2 % 65.1 % (7.9 %)
Underwriting expense ratio 30.7 % 34.1 % (3.4 %)
Combined ratio 87.9 % 99.2 % (11.3 %)
Underwriting profit $ 152 $ 9

The Specialty property and casualty insurance operations generated an underwriting profit of $153 million in the second quarter of 2021 compared to $54 million in the second quarter of 2020, an increase of $99 million (183%). The higher underwriting profit in the second quarter of 2021 reflects higher underwriting profits in each of the Specialty property and casualty insurance sub-segments. Overall catastrophe losses were $10 million (0.9 points on the combined ratio) and related net reinstatement premiums were $1 million in the second quarter of 2021 compared to catastrophe losses of

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

~~$26~~Combined Ratio

The table below (dollars in millions) details the components of the combined ratio and underwriting profit for AFG’s property and casualty insurance segment:


	Three months ended March 31,						Three months ended March 31,
	2022		2021		Change		2022		2021
Property and transportation
Loss and LAE ratio	57.7	%	56.0	%	1.7	%
Underwriting expense ratio	28.1	%	29.6	%	(1.5	%)
Combined ratio	85.8	%	85.6	%	0.2	%
Underwriting profit							$	62	$	56

Specialty casualty
Loss and LAE ratio	53.8	%	63.1	%	(9.3	%)
Underwriting expense ratio	26.8	%	27.1	%	(0.3	%)
Combined ratio	80.6	%	90.2	%	(9.6	%)
Underwriting profit							$	124	$	56

Specialty financial
Loss and LAE ratio	29.4	%	33.8	%	(4.4	%)
Underwriting expense ratio	52.6	%	50.3	%	2.3	%
Combined ratio	82.0	%	84.1	%	(2.1	%)
Underwriting profit							$	29	$	25

Total Specialty
Loss and LAE ratio	53.1	%	56.8	%	(3.7	%)
Underwriting expense ratio	30.9	%	31.7	%	(0.8	%)
Combined ratio	84.0	%	88.5	%	(4.5	%)
Underwriting profit							$	208	$	134

Aggregate — including exited lines
Loss and LAE ratio	53.2	%	56.9	%	(3.7	%)
Underwriting expense ratio	30.9	%	31.7	%	(0.8	%)
Combined ratio	84.1	%	88.6	%	(4.5	%)
Underwriting profit							$	207	$	134

The Specialty property and casualty insurance operations generated an underwriting profit of $208 million ~~(2.3 points)~~ in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020. Underwriting results for~~2022 compared to $134 million in the first three months of 2021, an increase of $74 million (55%). The higher underwriting profit in the first three months of 2022 reflects higher underwriting profits in each of the Specialty property and casualty insurance ~~operations includes $2~~sub-segments with the most significant increase in the Specialty casualty sub-segment. Overall catastrophe losses were $9 million ~~(0.2~~(0.7 points on the combined ratio) ~~and $85 million (7.6 points) in COVID-19 related losses~~ in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to catastrophe losses of $20 million (1.7 points) and related net reinstatement premiums of $11 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020, respectively.~~2021.

Property and transportation Underwriting profit for this group was $62 million for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~$33~~$56 million for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020,~~2021, an increase of ~~$29~~$6 million ~~(88%~~(11%). ~~This increase reflects higher~~Higher underwriting ~~profit~~profitability in the ~~crop,~~ property and inland marine and crop operations more than offset lower underwriting profit in the transportation ~~businesses.~~businesses, primarily as a result of lower favorable prior year reserve development. In the first three months of 2021, the profitability of the transportation businesses was exceptionally strong as this group benefited from COVID-19 related low frequency from both an accident year and prior year development perspective. Catastrophe losses were $6 million ~~(1.4 points on the combined ratio) compared to $15 million (3.8 points) in the second quarter of 2020. COVID-19 related losses for this group were $3 million (0.8~~(1.5 points on the combined ratio) in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020.~~2022 compared to catastrophe losses of $14 million (3.6 points) and related net reinstatement premiums of $8 million in the first three months of 2021.

Specialty casualty Underwriting profit for this group was ~~$71~~$124 million for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~$27~~$56 million for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020,~~2021, an increase of ~~$44~~$68 million ~~(163%~~(121%). This increase reflects higher underwriting profitability in the excess and surplus lines, excess liability, targeted markets and executive liability businesses in the second quarter of 2021 compared to the second quarter of 2020. Catastrophe losses were $2 million (0.3 points on the combined ratio) compared to $6 million (0.9 points) in the second quarter of 2020. COVID-19 related losses for this group were $52 million (9.5 points on the combined ratio) in the second quarter of 2020, primarily in the workers’ compensation and executive liability businesses.

~~Specialty financial~~ ~~Underwriting profit for this group was $21 million for the second quarter of 2021 compared to an underwriting loss of less than $1 million in the second quarter of 2020, an increase of $21 million.~~ This increase reflects higher year-over-year underwriting profitability in the ~~trade credit business. Catastrophe losses were $2 million (1.8 points on the combined ratio) compared to $5 million (3.6 points)~~workers’ compensation, excess and surplus and executive liability businesses in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of 2020. COVID-19 related losses for this group were $2 million (1.3 points on the combined ratio) in the second quarter of 2021 compared to $30 million (21.1 points) in the second quarter of 2020, primarily related to trade credit insurance.

~~Other specialty~~ This group reported an underwriting loss of $1 million in the second quarter of 2021 compared to $6 million in the second quarter of 2020, a decrease of $5 million (83%). This decrease reflects lower losses in the business assumed by AFG’s internal reinsurance program from the operations that make up AFG’s other Specialty sub-segments in the second quarter of 20212022 compared to the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020.~~

~~Aggregate~~ Aggregate underwriting results for AFG’s property and casualty insurance segment includes an underwriting loss of $43 million at Neon the second quarter of 2020, due primarily to losses related to the COVID-19 pandemic. AFG also recorded adverse prior year reserve development of $1 million and $2 million in the second quarter of 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to business outside of the Specialty group that AFG no longer writes.

2021.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

Specialty financial Underwriting profit for this group was $29 million for the first three months of 2022 compared to $25 million in the first three months of 2021, an increase of $4 million (16%). This increase reflects higher year-over-year underwriting profitability in the trade credit and surety businesses. Catastrophe losses were $2 million (1.2 points on the combined ratio) in the first three months of 2022 compared to catastrophe losses of $4 million (2.1 points) and related net reinstatement premiums of $2 million in the first three months of 2021.

Other specialty This group reported an underwriting loss of $7 million in the first three months of 2022 compared to $3 million in the first three months of 2021, an increase of $4 million (133%). This increase reflects higher losses in the business assumed by AFG’s internal reinsurance program from the operations that make up AFG’s other Specialty sub-segments in the first three months of 2022 compared to the first three months of 2021.

Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

AFG’s overall loss and LAE ratio was ~~57.2%~~53.2% for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~65.1%~~56.9% for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020,~~2021, a decrease of ~~7.9~~3.7 percentage points. The components of AFG’s property and casualty losses and LAE amounts and ratio are detailed below (dollars in millions):


		Three months ended June 30,											Three months ended March 31,
		Amount				Ratio				Change in			Amount				Ratio				Change in
		2021		2020		2021		2020		Ratio			2022		2021		2022		2021		Ratio
Property and transportation	Property and transportation											Property and transportation
Current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses	Current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses	$	297	$	249	65.6	%	63.9	%	1.7	%	Current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses	$	284	$	250	64.0	%	63.4	%	0.6	%
Prior accident years development	Prior accident years development	(40)		(28)		(8.8	%)	(7.2	%)	(1.6	%)	Prior accident years development	(34)		(43)		(7.8	%)	(11.1	%)	3.3	%
Current year COVID-19 related losses	Current year COVID-19 related losses	—		3		—	%	0.8	%	(0.8	%)	Current year COVID-19 related losses	—		—		—	%	0.1	%	(0.1	%)
Current year catastrophe losses	Current year catastrophe losses	6		15		1.4	%	3.8	%	(2.4	%)	Current year catastrophe losses	6		14		1.5	%	3.6	%	(2.1	%)
Property and transportation losses and LAE and ratio	Property and transportation losses and LAE and ratio	$	263	$	239	58.2	%	61.3	%	(3.1	%)	Property and transportation losses and LAE and ratio	$	256	$	221	57.7	%	56.0	%	1.7	%

Specialty casualty	Specialty casualty											Specialty casualty
Current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses	Current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses	$	381	$	360	64.9	%	66.0	%	(1.1	%)	Current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses	$	392	$	362	61.3	%	63.3	%	(2.0	%)
Prior accident years development	Prior accident years development	(20)		(51)		(3.4	%)	(9.3	%)	5.9	%	Prior accident years development	(49)		(9)		(7.6	%)	(1.7	%)	(5.9	%)
Current year COVID-19 related losses	Current year COVID-19 related losses	—		52		0.1	%	9.5	%	(9.4	%)	Current year COVID-19 related losses	—		7		—	%	1.2	%	(1.2	%)
Current year catastrophe losses	Current year catastrophe losses	2		6		0.3	%	0.9	%	(0.6	%)	Current year catastrophe losses	1		1		0.1	%	0.3	%	(0.2	%)
Specialty casualty losses and LAE and ratio	Specialty casualty losses and LAE and ratio	$	363	$	367	61.9	%	67.1	%	(5.2	%)	Specialty casualty losses and LAE and ratio	$	344	$	361	53.8	%	63.1	%	(9.3	%)

Specialty financial	Specialty financial											Specialty financial
Current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses	Current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses	$	60	$	41	37.2	%	28.2	%	9.0	%	Current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses	$	59	$	55	36.3	%	35.6	%	0.7	%
Prior accident years development	Prior accident years development	(12)		(11)		(7.3	%)	(8.0	%)	0.7	%	Prior accident years development	(13)		(8)		(8.1	%)	(5.4	%)	(2.7	%)
Current year COVID-19 related losses	Current year COVID-19 related losses	2		30		1.3	%	21.1	%	(19.8	%)	Current year COVID-19 related losses	—		2		—	%	1.5	%	(1.5	%)
Current year catastrophe losses	Current year catastrophe losses	2		5		1.8	%	3.6	%	(1.8	%)	Current year catastrophe losses	2		4		1.2	%	2.1	%	(0.9	%)
Specialty financial losses and LAE and ratio	Specialty financial losses and LAE and ratio	$	52	$	65	33.0	%	44.9	%	(11.9	%)	Specialty financial losses and LAE and ratio	$	48	$	53	29.4	%	33.8	%	(4.4	%)

Total Specialty	Total Specialty											Total Specialty
Current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses	Current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses	$	769	$	677	61.5	%	60.3	%	1.2	%	Current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses	$	772	$	697	59.2	%	59.5	%	(0.3	%)
Prior accident years development	Prior accident years development	(68)		(85)		(5.4	%)	(7.6	%)	2.2	%	Prior accident years development	(89)		(59)		(6.8	%)	(5.2	%)	(1.6	%)
Current year COVID-19 related losses	Current year COVID-19 related losses	2		85		0.2	%	7.6	%	(7.4	%)	Current year COVID-19 related losses	—		9		—	%	0.8	%	(0.8	%)
Current year catastrophe losses	Current year catastrophe losses	10		26		0.9	%	2.3	%	(1.4	%)	Current year catastrophe losses	9		20		0.7	%	1.7	%	(1.0	%)
Total Specialty losses and LAE and ratio	Total Specialty losses and LAE and ratio	$	713	$	703	57.2	%	62.6	%	(5.4	%)	Total Specialty losses and LAE and ratio	$	692	$	667	53.1	%	56.8	%	(3.7	%)

Aggregate — including exited lines	Aggregate — including exited lines											Aggregate — including exited lines
Current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses	Current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses	$	769	$	717	61.5	%	60.7	%	0.8	%	Current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses	$	772	$	697	59.2	%	59.5	%	(0.3	%)
Prior accident years development	Prior accident years development	(67)		(77)		(5.4	%)	(6.5	%)	1.1	%	Prior accident years development	(88)		(59)		(6.7	%)	(5.1	%)	(1.6	%)
Current year COVID-19 related losses	Current year COVID-19 related losses	2		105		0.2	%	8.8	%	(8.6	%)	Current year COVID-19 related losses	—		9		—	%	0.8	%	(0.8	%)
Current year catastrophe losses	Current year catastrophe losses	10		26		0.9	%	2.1	%	(1.2	%)	Current year catastrophe losses	9		20		0.7	%	1.7	%	(1.0	%)
Aggregate losses and LAE and ratio	Aggregate losses and LAE and ratio	$	714	$	771	57.2	%	65.1	%	(7.9	%)	Aggregate losses and LAE and ratio	$	693	$	667	53.2	%	56.9	%	(3.7	%)

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

Current accident year losses and LAE, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses

The current accident year loss and LAE ratio, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses for AFG’s Specialty property and casualty insurance operations was ~~61.5%~~59.2% for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of 2022 compared to 59.5% for the first three months of 2021, ~~compared to 60.3% for the second quarter~~a decrease of ~~2020, an increase of 1.2~~0.3 percentage points.

Property and transportation The ~~1.7~~0.6 percentage point increase in the loss and LAE ratio for the current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses reflects ~~growth~~an increase in the ~~crop operations, which has a higher~~ loss and LAE ratio ~~than many of the businesses~~at National Interstate due primarily to higher claim frequency in the ~~property and transportation segment,~~first three months of 2022 compared to the first three months of 2021, partially offset by a ~~higher~~decrease in the loss and LAE ratio in the ocean marine business due to higher claim frequency and severity in the second quarter of 2021 compared to the second quarter of 2020 and a higher loss and LAE ratio in the equine business due to higher claim severity in the second quarter of 2021 compared to the second quarter of 2020.aviation business.

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~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

Specialty casualty The ~~1.1~~2.0 percentage point decrease in the loss and LAE ratio for the current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses reflects a decrease in the loss and LAE ratios of the workers’ compensation, excess and surplus ~~businesses due primarily to the earned impact of rate increases obtained in 2020~~ and ~~the first six months of 2021, partially offset by an increase in the loss and LAE ratio of the executive liability business.~~targeted markets businesses.

Specialty financial The ~~9.0~~0.7 percentage point increase in the loss and LAE ratio for the current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses reflects an increase in the loss and LAE ratio of the ~~financial institutions and trade credit businesses.~~innovative markets business.

Net prior year reserve development

AFG’s Specialty property and casualty insurance operations recorded net favorable reserve development related to prior accident years of ~~$68~~$89 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~$85~~$59 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020, a decrease~~2021, an increase of ~~$17~~$30 million ~~(20%~~(51%).

Property and transportation Net favorable reserve development of ~~$40~~$34 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 reflects lower than anticipated losses in the crop business, lower than expected claim frequency ~~and severity~~ in the ~~transportation~~trucking and ~~agricultural~~ocean marine businesses and at the Singapore branch and lower than ~~expected~~anticipated claim severity in the property and inland marine business. Net favorable reserve development of ~~$28~~$43 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020~~2021 reflects lower than anticipated claim frequency and severity in the transportation businesses, lower than expected losses in the crop business and ~~agricultural businesses.~~lower than expected claim frequency in the aviation business, partially offset by higher than expected claim frequency and severity in the equine business.

Specialty casualty Net favorable reserve development of ~~$20~~$49 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of 2022 reflects lower than anticipated claim severity in the workers’ compensation businesses, lower than expected claim frequency in the executive liability business and lower than anticipated claim frequency and severity in the excess and surplus business, partially offset by higher than anticipated claim severity in the targeted markets businesses. Net favorable reserve development of $9 million in the first three months of 2021 reflects lower than anticipated claim severity in the workers’ compensation businesses, ~~and lower than expected claim frequency and severity in the excess and surplus lines businesses,~~ partially offset by higher than anticipated ~~severity in general liability claims. Net favorable reserve development of $51 million in the second quarter of 2020 reflects lower than anticipated~~ claim ~~frequency and~~ severity in the ~~workers’ compensation~~targeted markets, professional liability and excess liability businesses.

Specialty financial Net favorable reserve development of ~~$12~~$13 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 reflects lower than anticipated claim frequency in the surety, ~~business~~trade credit and financial institutions businesses. Net favorable reserve development of $8 million in the first three months of 2021 reflects lower than ~~expected~~anticipated claim frequency and severity in the financial institutions ~~business. Net favorable reserve development of $11 million in the second quarter of 2020 reflects~~business and lower than anticipated claim frequency in the ~~trade credit and~~ surety ~~businesses.~~business.

Other specialty In addition to the development discussed above, total Specialty prior year reserve development includes net adverse reserve development of $4$7 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 and $5$1 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020,~~2021, reflecting net adverse reserve development associated with AFG’s internal reinsurance program, partially offset by the amortization of the deferred gains on the retroactive reinsurance transactions entered into in connection with the sale of businesses in 1998 and 2001.

Aggregate Aggregate net prior accident years reserve development for AFG’s property and casualty insurance segment includes net adverse reserve development of $6$1 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020 from the Neon exited lines and net adverse reserve development of $1 million and $2 million in the second quarter of 2021 and 2020, respectively,~~2022 related to business outside the Specialty group that AFG no longer writes.

COVID-19 related losses

Underwriting results for AFG’s Specialty property and casualty insurance operations ~~recorded $2~~in the first three months of 2021 include $9 million in reserve charges related to COVID-19, ~~in the second quarter of 2021~~ primarily related to the ~~economic slowdown impacting the trade credit business, and~~workers’ compensation businesses. AFG released approximately $4$6 million of accident year 2020 reserves based on loss ~~experience.~~experience in the first three months

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

of 2021. Given the uncertainties surrounding the ultimate number and scope of claims relating to the pandemic, approximately ~~66%~~61% of the ~~$96~~$90 million in COVID-19 related ~~losses~~reserves are held as incurred but not reported ~~reserves~~ at June 30, 2021. Underwriting results for the second quarter of 2020 include $85 million of reserve charges related to COVID-19. Approximately 70% of AFG’s 2020 COVID-19 related losses were reported in the worker’s compensation, executive liability and trade credit businesses, with the remainder spread across numerous other businesses.March 31, 2022.

Catastrophe losses

AFG generally seeks to reduce its exposure to catastrophes through individual risk selection, including minimizing coastal and known fault-line exposures, and the purchase of reinsurance. Based on data available at December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, AFG’s

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~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

exposure to a catastrophic earthquake or windstorm that industry models indicate should statistically occur once in every 100, 250 or 500 years as a percentage of AFG’s Shareholders’ Equity is shown below:

Approximate impact of modeled loss

Industry Model

on AFG’s Shareholders’ Equity

100-year event

250-year event

500-year event

AFG maintains comprehensive property catastrophe reinsurance coverage for its property and casualty insurance operations, including a ~~$15~~$20 million per occurrence net retention, for losses up to $125 million in the vast majority of circumstances. In certain unlikely events, AFG’s ultimate loss under this coverage could be as high as ~~$24~~$39 million for a single occurrence. AFG further maintains supplemental fully collateralized reinsurance coverage up to 94% of $325 million for catastrophe losses in excess of $125 million of traditional catastrophe reinsurance through a catastrophe bond.

Catastrophe losses of ~~$10~~$9 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 resulted primarily from winter storms in multiple regions of the United States. Catastrophe losses of ~~$26~~$20 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020~~2021 resulted primarily from winter storms ~~and tornadoes~~ in ~~multiple regions of the United States and included $4 million related to civil unrest.~~Texas.

Commissions and Other Underwriting Expenses

AFG’s property and casualty commissions and other underwriting expenses (“U/W Exp”) were ~~$384~~$402 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~$404~~$372 million for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020, a decrease~~2021, an increase of ~~$20~~$30 million ~~(5%~~(8%). AFG’s underwriting expense ratio, calculated as commissions and other underwriting expenses divided by net premiums earned, was ~~30.7%~~30.9% for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~34.1%~~31.7% for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020,~~2021, a decrease of ~~3.4~~0.8 percentage points. Detail of AFG’s property and casualty commissions and other underwriting expenses and underwriting expense ratios is shown below (dollars in millions):


		Three months ended June 30,											Three months ended March 31,
		2021				2020				Change in			2022				2021				Change in
		U/W Exp		% of NEP		U/W Exp		% of NEP		% of NEP			U/W Exp		% of NEP		U/W Exp		% of NEP		% of NEP
Property and transportation	Property and transportation	$	128	28.4	%	$	118	30.4	%	(2.0	%)	Property and transportation	$	125	28.1	%	$	117	29.6	%	(1.5	%)
Specialty casualty	Specialty casualty	154		26.0	%	153		27.8	%	(1.8	%)	Specialty casualty	171		26.8	%	154		27.1	%	(0.3	%)
Specialty financial	Specialty financial	84		53.4	%	79		55.5	%	(2.1	%)	Specialty financial	86		52.6	%	79		50.3	%	2.3	%
Other specialty	Other specialty	18		35.7	%	16		37.3	%	(1.6	%)	Other specialty	20		35.8	%	22		42.3	%	(6.5	%)
Total specialty		384		30.7	%	366		32.6	%	(1.9	%)
Neon exited lines		—				38
Aggregate		$	384	30.7	%	$	404	34.1	%	(3.4	%)

													$	402	30.9	%	$	372	31.7	%	(0.8	%)

Property and transportation Commissions and other underwriting expenses as a percentage of net earned premiums decreased ~~2.0~~1.5 percentage points in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020~~2021 reflecting higher profitability-based ceding commissions received from reinsurers in the crop business and the impact of higher premiums on the ratio in the ~~transportation~~ocean marine and trucking businesses in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020.~~2021.

Specialty casualty Commissions and other underwriting expenses as a percentage of net earned premiums decreased ~~1.8~~0.3 percentage points in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020~~2021 reflecting higher ceding commissions received from reinsurers as a result of growth in the ~~excess liability and excess and surplus businesses and the impact of higher premiums on the ratio~~environmental business in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020.~~2021.

Specialty financial Commissions and other underwriting expenses as a percentage of net earned premiums ~~decreased 2.1~~increased 2.3 percentage points in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to the ~~second quarter of 2020 reflecting the impact of higher premiums on the ratio in the second quarter~~first three months of 2021 ~~compared to the second quarter of 2020.~~

reflecting

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

higher contingent commissions to reinsurers in the financial institutions business in the first three months of 2022 compared to the first three months of 2021.

Property and Casualty Net Investment Income

Net investment income in AFG’s property and casualty insurance operations was ~~$143~~$223 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~$72~~$159 million ~~(excluding the Neon exited lines)~~ in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020,~~2021, an increase of ~~$71~~$64 million ~~(99%~~(40%). The average invested assets and overall yield earned on investments held by AFG’s property and casualty insurance operations are provided below (dollars in millions):


		Three months ended June 30,												Three months ended March 31,
		2021			2020			Change			% Change			2022			2021			Change			% Change
Net investment income:	Net investment income:												Net investment income:
Net investment income excluding alternative investments	Net investment income excluding alternative investments	$	80		$	85		$	(5)		(6	%)	Net investment income excluding alternative investments	$	84		$	82		$	2		2	%
Alternative investments	Alternative investments	63			(13)			76			(585	%)	Alternative investments	139			77			62			81	%
Total net investment income	Total net investment income	$	143		$	72		$	71		99	%	Total net investment income	$	223		$	159		$	64		40	%

Average invested assets (at amortized cost)	Average invested assets (at amortized cost)	$	12,630		$	11,454		$	1,176		10	%	Average invested assets (at amortized cost)	$	13,858		$	12,573		$	1,285		10	%

Yield (net investment income as a % of average invested assets)	Yield (net investment income as a % of average invested assets)	4.53		%	2.51		%	2.02		%			Yield (net investment income as a % of average invested assets)	6.44		%	5.06		%	1.38		%

Tax equivalent yield (*)	Tax equivalent yield (*)	4.67		%	2.64		%	2.03		%			Tax equivalent yield (*)	6.54		%	5.20		%	1.34		%

(*)Adjusts the yield on equity securities and tax-exempt bonds to the fully taxable equivalent yield.

The property and casualty insurance segment’s increase in net investment income for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020~~2021 reflects ~~significantly~~ higher ~~earnings from~~average investments and a higher percentage of the portfolio invested in alternative investments (partnerships and similar investments and ~~AFG-managed~~AFG managed CLOs)~~, partially offset by the effect of lower fixed maturity yields and lower short-term interest rates.~~. The property and casualty insurance segment’s overall yield on investments (net investment income as a percentage of average invested assets) was ~~4.53%~~6.44% for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~2.51%~~5.06% for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020,~~2021, an increase of ~~2.02~~1.38 percentage points. The annualized return earned on alternative investments was ~~22.9%~~29.1% in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~a negative return of 5.9%~~29.8% in the comparable prior year period.

Property and Casualty Other Income and Expenses, Net

Other income and expenses, net for AFG’s property and casualty insurance operations was a net expense of ~~$7 million for the second quarter of 2021 compared to~~ $8 million for the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020, a decrease~~2022 compared to $5 million for the first three months of $12021, an increase of $3 million ~~(13%~~(60%). The table below details the items included in other income and expenses, net for AFG’s property and casualty insurance operations (in millions):

Three months ended June 30,
2021 2020
Other income $ 1 $ 3
Other expenses
Amortization of intangibles 1 3
Other 7 8
Total other expenses 8 11
Other income and expenses, net $ (7) $ (8)

In addition to the property and casualty segment’s other income and expenses, net from ongoing operations discussed above, the Neon exited lines incurred net income of $1 million in other income and expenses, net during the second quarter of 2020.


	Three months ended March 31,
	2022		2021



Other income	$	4	$	4
Other expenses
Amortization of intangibles	2		3
Interest expense on funds withheld	6		6
Other	4		—
Total other expenses	12		9
Other income and expenses, net	$	(8)	$	(5)

Holding Company, Other and Unallocated — Results of Operations

AFG’s net GAAP pretax loss outside of its property and casualty insurance segment (excluding realized gains and losses) totaled ~~$69~~$46 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~$43~~$58 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020, an increase~~2021, a decrease of ~~$26~~$12 million ~~(60%~~(21%). AFG’s net core pretax loss outside of its property and casualty insurance segment (excluding realized gains and losses) totaled $44 million in the first three months of 2022 compared to $58 million in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of 2021, ~~compared to $43~~a decrease of $14 million ~~in the second quarter of 2020, an increase of $15 million (35%~~(24%).

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Table of Contents

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

The following table details AFG’s GAAP and core loss before income taxes from operations outside of its property and casualty insurance segment for the three months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2022 and 2021 ~~and 2020~~ (dollars in millions):

Three months ended June 30,
2021 2020 % Change
Revenues:
Net investment income $ 6 $ 9 (33 %)
Other income — P&C fees 18 16 13 %
Other income 5 5 — %
Total revenues 29 30 (3 %)
Costs and Expenses:
Property and casualty insurance — commissions and other underwriting expenses 6 5 20 %
Other expense — expenses associated with P&C fees 12 11 9 %
Other expenses (*) 46 34 35 %
Costs and expenses, excluding interest charges on borrowed money 64 50 28 %
Loss before income taxes, excluding realized gains and losses and interest charges on borrowed money (35) (20) 75 %
Interest charges on borrowed money 23 23 — %
Core loss before income taxes, excluding realized gains and losses (58) (43) 35 %
Pretax non-core loss on pension settlement (11) — — %
GAAP loss from continuing operations before income taxes, excluding realized gains and losses $ (69) $ (43) 60 %

~~(*)Excludes a pretax non-core loss of $11 million related to the settlement of pension liabilities of a small former manufacturing operation in the second quarter of 2021.~~


	Three months ended March 31,
	2022		2021		% Change
Revenues:
Net investment income	$	5	$	5	—	%
Other income — P&C fees	24		19		26	%
Other income	6		4		50	%
Total revenues	35		28		25	%

Costs and Expenses:
Property and casualty insurance — loss adjustment and underwriting expenses	12		8		50	%
Other expense — expenses associated with P&C fees	12		11		9	%
Other expenses	32		43		(26	%)
Costs and expenses, excluding interest charges on borrowed money	56		62		(10	%)
Loss before income taxes, excluding realized gains and losses and interest charges on borrowed money	(21)		(34)		(38	%)
Interest charges on borrowed money	23		24		(4	%)
Core loss before income taxes, excluding realized gains and losses	(44)		(58)		(24	%)

Pretax non-core loss on retirement of debt	(2)		—		—	%
GAAP loss from continuing operations before income taxes, excluding realized gains and losses	$	(46)	$	(58)	(21	%)

Holding Company and Other — Net Investment Income

AFG recorded net investment income on investments held outside of its property and casualty insurance segment of $6$5 million in both the ~~second quarter~~first three months of 2022 and in the first three months of 2021, ~~compared to $9 million~~reflecting income in the ~~second quarter~~first three months of ~~2020, a decrease~~2022 from directly owned real estate acquired from the annuity subsidiaries prior to the sale of ~~$3 million (33%). The parent~~the annuity business and purchases of fixed maturity investments at the holding company, ~~holds~~offset by the impact of mark-to-market adjustments on a small portfolio of securities that are carried at fair value through net investment income. These securities ~~increased~~decreased in value by ~~$3 million in the second quarter of 2021 compared to $7 million in the second quarter of 2020.~~

~~Holding Company and Other — P&C Fees and Related Expenses~~

~~Holding Company and Other — Other Income~~

Other income in the table above includes $4 million in both the second quarter of 2021 and the second quarter of 2020, in management fees paid to AFG by the AFG-managed CLOs (AFG’s consolidated managed investment entities). The management fees are eliminated in consolidation — see the other income line in the Consolidate MIEs column under ~~“Results of Operations — Segmented Statement of Earnings.”~~ Excluding amounts eliminated in consolidation, AFG recorded other income outside of its property and casualty insurance segment of $1 million in both the second quarter of 2021 and the second quarter of 2020.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

~~Holding Company and Other — Other Expenses~~

AFG’s holding companies and other operations outside of its property and casualty insurance segment recorded other expenses of $46 million in the second quarter of 2021 compared to $34 million in the second quarter of 2020, an increase of $12 million (35%), reflecting higher holding company expenses related to employee benefit plans that are tied to stock market performance and higher expenses associated with certain incentive compensation plans.

~~Holding Company and Other — Interest Charges on Borrowed Money~~

AFG’s holding companies and other operations outside of its property and casualty insurance segment recorded interest expense of $23 million in both the second quarter of 2021 and in the second quarter of 2020. The following table details the principal amount of AFG’s long-term debt balances as of June 30, 2021 compared to June 30, 2020 (dollars in millions):

June 30,
2021 June 30,
2020
Direct obligations of AFG:
4.50% Senior Notes due June 2047 $ 590 $ 590
3.50% Senior Notes due August 2026 425 425
5.25% Senior Notes due April 2030 300 300
5.125% Subordinated Debentures due December 2059 200 200
4.50% Subordinated Debentures due September 2060 200 —
6% Subordinated Debentures due November 2055 — 150
5.625% Subordinated Debentures due June 2060 150 150
5.875% Subordinated Debentures due March 2059 125 125
Other 3 3
Total principal amount of Holding Company Debt $ 1,993 $ 1,943
Weighted Average Interest Rate 4.6 % 4.8 %

Interest expense was $23 million for both the second quarter of 2021 and the second quarter of 2020 and reflects the following financial transactions completed by AFG between March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2021:

•~~Issued $300 million of 5.25% Senior Notes in April 2020~~

•~~Issued $150 million of 5.625% Subordinated Debentures in May 2020~~

•~~Issued $200 million of 4.50% Subordinated Debentures in September 2020~~

•~~Redeemed $150 million of 6% Subordinated Debentures in November 2020~~

~~Holding Company and Other — Loss on Pension Settlement~~

~~In the second quarter of 2021, AFG settled pension liabilities related to a small former manufacturing operation resulting in a pretax non-core loss of $11 million.~~

~~Realized Gains (Losses) on Securities~~

AFG’s realized gains (losses) on securities were net gains of $43 million in the second quarter of 2021 compared to $108 million in the second quarter of 2020, a decrease of $65 million (60%). Realized gains (losses) on securities consisted of the following (in millions):

Three months ended June 30,
2021 2020
Realized gains (losses) before impairments:
Disposals $ 1 $ 1
Change in the fair value of equity securities 42 107
Change in the fair value of derivatives — —
43 108
Change in allowance for impairments on securities — —
Realized gains (losses) on securities $ 43 $ 108

The $42 million net realized gain from the change in the fair value of equity securities in the second quarter of 2021 includes gains of $16 million on investments in energy and natural gas companies, $9 million on investments in banks and

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

financing companies, $7 million on investments in healthcare companies and $6 million on investments in media companies. The $107 million net realized gain from the change in the fair value of equity securities in the second quarter of 2020 includes gains of $32 million on investments in banks and financing companies, $18 million on investments in media companies, $10 million on investments in natural gas, $8 million on investments in insurance companies, $5 million on real estate investment trusts and $4 million on investments in energy companies.

~~Realized Gain on Subsidiary~~

~~In the second quarter of 2021, AFG recognized a pretax gain on sale of subsidiary of $4 million related to contingent consideration received on the sale of Neon. See~~ ~~“Results of Operations — General”~~ ~~for the discussion of the December 2019 decision to exit the Lloyd’s of London insurance market.~~

~~Consolidated Income Taxes on Continuing Operations~~

AFG’s consolidated provision for income taxes on continuing operations was $48 million for the second quarter of 2021 compared to $37 million for the second quarter of 2020, an increase of $11 million (30%). See ~~NoteK — “Income Taxes”~~ ~~to the financial statements for an analysis of items affecting AFG’s effective tax rate on continuing operations.~~

~~Consolidated Noncontrolling Interests in Continuing Operations~~

AFG’s consolidated net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests was a net loss of $10 million for the second quarter of 2020, reflecting losses at Neon, which was sold in December 2020.

~~Real Estate Entities Acquired from the Annuity Operations~~

Beginning with the first quarter of 2021, the results of the annuity businesses to be sold are reported as discontinued operations, in accordance with GAAP, which included adjusting prior period results to reflect these operations as discontinued. Prior to the completion of the sale, AFG’s property and casualty insurance operations acquired approximately $480 million in real-estate related partnerships and AFG parent acquired approximately $100 million of directly owned real estate from those operations. GAAP pretax earnings from continuing operations includes the earnings from these entities and certain other expenses that will be retained from the annuity operations.

The retained real estate entities contributed $22 million in GAAP pretax earnings in the second quarter of 2021 compared to $7 million in the second quarter of 2020, an increase of $15 million (214%). This increase reflects higher earnings from the real-estate related partnerships in the second quarter of 2021 compared to the second quarter of 2020.

~~Discontinued Annuity Operations~~

AFG’s discontinued annuity operations contributed $83 million in GAAP pretax earnings (excluding the gain on the sale of the annuity operations) in the second quarter of 2021 compared to $78 million in the second quarter of 2020, an increase of $5 million (6%) reflecting the following:

•~~significantly higher earnings from partnerships and similar investments,~~

•~~the negative impact from the run-off of higher yielding investments and lower short-term interest rates, and~~

•~~lower net realized gains on securities in the second quarter of 2021 compared to the second quarter of 2020.~~

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

The following table details AFG’s earnings before and after income taxes and the gain on the sale from its discontinued annuity operations for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (dollars in millions):

Three months ended June 30,
2021 (*) 2020 % Change
Pretax annuity earnings historically reported as core operating earnings:
Pretax annuity earnings before items below $ 44 $ 87 (49 %)
Earnings (loss) on partnerships and similar investments 63 (46) (237 %)
Total pretax annuity earnings historically reported as core operating earnings 107 41 161 %
Pretax amounts previously reported outside of annuity core earnings:
Impact of reinsurance, derivatives related to fixed indexed annuities (“FIAs”) and other impacts of changes in the stock market and interest rates on FIAs over or under option costs (55) (59) (7 %)
Realized gains (losses) on securities 31 96 (68 %)
Run-off life and long-term care — — — %
Total pretax amounts previously reported outside of annuity core earnings (24) 37 (165 %)
GAAP pretax earnings (loss) from discontinued annuity operations, excluding the gain on sale of discontinued annuity operations 83 78 6 %
Provision (credit) for income taxes 18 14 29 %
GAAP net earnings (loss) from discontinued annuity operations, excluding the gain on sale of discontinued annuity operations 65 64 2 %
Gain on sale of discontinued annuity operations, net of tax 697 — — %
GAAP net earnings (loss) from discontinued annuity operations $ 762 $ 64 1,091 %

~~(*)Results through the May 31, 2021 effective date of the sale.~~

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

~~RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2021 AND 2020~~

~~Segmented Statement of Earnings~~

Subsequent to the agreement to sell the Annuity subsidiaries, AFG reports its continuing operations as two segments: (i) Property and casualty insurance (“P&C”) and (ii) Other, which includes holding company costs and income and expenses related to the managed investment entities (“MIEs”).

AFG’s net earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders, determined in accordance with GAAP, include certain items that may not be indicative of its ongoing core operations. The following tables for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 identify such items by segment and reconcile net earnings attributable to shareholders to core net operating earnings, a non-GAAP financial measure that AFG believes is a useful tool for investors and analysts in analyzing ongoing operating trends (in millions):

Other
P&C Annuity Consol. MIEs Holding Co., other and unallocated Total Non-core reclass GAAP Total
Six months ended June 30, 2021
Revenues:
Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums $ 2,423 $ — $ — $ — $ 2,423 $ — $ 2,423
Net investment income 302 51 (12) 11 352 — 352
Realized gains (losses) on:
Securities — — — — — 120 120
Subsidiary — — — — — 4 4
Income of MIEs:
Investment income — — 90 — 90 — 90
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities — — 8 — 8 — 8
Other income 5 — (8) 46 43 — 43
Total revenues 2,730 51 78 57 2,916 124 3,040
Costs and Expenses:
Property and casualty insurance:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses 1,381 — — — 1,381 — 1,381
Commissions and other underwriting expenses 756 — — 14 770 — 770
Interest charges on borrowed money — — — 47 47 — 47
Expenses of MIEs — — 78 — 78 — 78
Other expenses 17 1 — 112 130 11 141
Total costs and expenses 2,154 1 78 173 2,406 11 2,417
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes 576 50 — (116) 510 113 623
Provision (credit) for income taxes 113 11 — (25) 99 17 116
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations, including noncontrolling interests 463 39 — (91) 411 96 507
Less: Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests — — — — — — —
Core Net Operating Earnings (Loss) 463 39 — (91) 411
Non-core earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders (a):
Realized gains (losses) on securities, net of tax — — — 95 95 (95) —
Discontinued operations, net of tax — 914 — — 914 — 914
Neon exited lines (b) 3 — — — 3 (3) —
Other, net of tax — — — (2) (2) 2 —
Net Earnings (Loss) Attributable to Shareholders $ 466 $ 953 $ — $ 2 $ 1,421 $ — $ 1,421

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

Other
P&C Annuity Consol. MIEs Holding Co., other and unallocated Total Non-core reclass Neon exited lines (b) GAAP Total
Six months ended June 30, 2020
Revenues:
Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums $ 2,261 $ — $ — $ — $ 2,261 $ — $ 132 $ 2,393
Net investment income 171 19 11 (3) 198 — (6) 192
Realized gains (losses) on securities — — — — — (220) — (220)
Income of MIEs:
Investment income — — 108 — 108 — — 108
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities — — (16) — (16) — — (16)
Other income 8 — (8) 43 43 — — 43
Total revenues 2,440 19 95 40 2,594 (220) 126 2,500
Costs and Expenses:
Property and casualty insurance:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses 1,372 — — — 1,372 — 106 1,478
Commissions and other underwriting expenses 749 — — 10 759 — 70 829
Interest charges on borrowed money — — — 40 40 — — 40
Expenses of MIEs — — 95 — 95 — — 95
Other expenses 22 12 — 67 101 — 2 103
Total costs and expenses 2,143 12 95 117 2,367 — 178 2,545
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes 297 7 — (77) 227 (220) (52) (45)
Provision (credit) for income taxes 60 1 — (19) 42 (46) — (4)
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations, including noncontrolling interests 237 6 — (58) 185 (174) (52) (41)
Less: Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests — — — — — — (13) (13)
Core Net Operating Earnings (Loss) 237 6 — (58) 185
Non-core earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders (a):
Realized gains (losses) on securities, net of tax — — — (174) (174) 174 — —
Discontinued operations, net of tax — (94) — (2) (96) — — (96)
Neon exited lines (b) (39) — — — (39) — 39 —
Net Earnings (Loss) Attributable to Shareholders $ 198 $ (88) $ — $ (234) $ (124) $ — $ — $ (124)

~~(a)See the reconciliation of core earnings to GAAP net earnings under~~ ~~“Results of Operations — General”~~ ~~for details on the tax and noncontrolling interest impacts of these reconciling items.~~

~~(b)As discussed under “Results of Operations — General,” the Neon run-off operations are considered property and casualty insurance non-core earnings (losses).~~

~~Property and Casualty Insurance Segment — Results of Operations~~

AFG’s property and casualty insurance operations contributed $580 million in GAAP pretax earnings in the first six months of 2021 compared to $245 million in the first six months of 2020, an increase of $335 million (137%). Property and casualty core pretax earnings were $576 million in the first six months of 2021 compared to $297 million in the first six months of 2020, an increase of $279 million (94%). The increase in GAAP pretax earnings reflects higher core pretax earnings and the impact of losses in the Neon exited lines in the first six months of 2020. The increase in core pretax earnings reflects higher core underwriting profit in the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020 and significantly higher net investment income. Improved results from alternative investments (partnerships and similar investments and AFG-managed CLOs) were partially offset by lower other net investment income, due primarily to lower short-term interest rates.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

The following table details AFG’s GAAP and core earnings before income taxes from its property and casualty insurance operations for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (dollars in millions):

Six months ended June 30,
2021 2020 % Change
Gross written premiums $ 3,553 $ 3,065 16 %
Reinsurance premiums ceded (979) (777) 26 %
Net written premiums 2,574 2,288 13 %
Change in unearned premiums (151) (27) 459 %
Net earned premiums 2,423 2,261 7 %
Loss and loss adjustment expenses 1,381 1,372 1 %
Commissions and other underwriting expenses 756 749 1 %
Core underwriting gain 286 140 104 %
Net investment income 302 171 77 %
Other income and expenses, net (12) (14) (14 %)
Core earnings before income taxes 576 297 94 %
Pretax non-core Neon exited lines (*) 4 (52) (108 %)
GAAP earnings before income taxes and noncontrolling interests $ 580 $ 245 137 %
(*) In December 2019, AFG initiated actions to exit the Lloyd’s of London insurance market, which included placing its Lloyd’s subsidiaries including its Lloyd’s Managing Agency, Neon Underwriting Ltd. (“Neon”), into run-off. As discussed under “Results of Operations — General,” following the December 2019 decision to exit the Lloyd’s of London insurance market, the results from the Neon exited lines are treated as non-core earnings (losses). Each line item in the table above has been adjusted to remove the impact from the Neon run-off operations in 2020. The following table details the impact of the Neon exited lines to each component of earnings (loss) before income taxes in the property and casualty insurance operations for the six months ended June 30, 2020 (in millions):
Six months ended June 30, 2020
Excluding Neon
exited lines
Neon
exited lines
Total
Gross written premiums $ 3,065 $ 70 $ 3,135
Reinsurance premiums ceded (777) (63) (840)
Net written premiums 2,288 7 2,295
Change in unearned premiums (27) 125 98
Net earned premiums 2,261 132 2,393
Loss and loss adjustment expenses 1,372 106 1,478
Commissions and other underwriting expenses 749 70 819
Underwriting gain (loss) 140 (44) 96
Net investment income 171 (6) 165
Other income and expenses, net (14) (2) (16)
Earnings (loss) before income taxes and noncontrolling interests $ 297 $ (52) $ 245
Six months ended June 30,
2021 2020 Change
Combined Ratios:
Specialty lines
Loss and LAE ratio 57.0 % 60.5 % (3.5 %)
Underwriting expense ratio 31.2 % 33.2 % (2.0 %)
Combined ratio 88.2 % 93.7 % (5.5 %)
Aggregate — including exited lines
Loss and LAE ratio 57.0 % 61.8 % (4.8 %)
Underwriting expense ratio 31.2 % 34.2 % (3.0 %)
Combined ratio 88.2 % 96.0 % (7.8 %)

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

~~Gross Written Premiums~~

Gross written premiums (“GWP”) for AFG’s property and casualty insurance segment were $3.55 billion for the first six months of 2021 compared to $3.14 billion for the first six months of 2020, an increase of $418 million (13%). Detail of AFG’s property and casualty gross written premiums is shown below (dollars in millions):

Six months ended June 30,
2021 2020
GWP % GWP % % Change
Property and transportation $ 1,371 38 % $ 1,105 35 % 24 %
Specialty casualty 1,801 51 % 1,601 51 % 12 %
Specialty financial 381 11 % 359 12 % 6 %
Total specialty 3,553 100 % 3,065 98 % 16 %
Neon exited lines — — % 70 2 % (100 %)
Aggregate $ 3,553 100 % $ 3,135 100 % 13 %

~~Reinsurance Premiums Ceded~~

Reinsurance premiums ceded (“Ceded”) for AFG’s property and casualty insurance segment were 28% of gross written premiums for the first six months of 2021 compared to 27% of gross written premiums for the first six months of 2020, an increase of 1 percentage point. Detail of AFG’s property and casualty reinsurance premiums ceded is shown below (dollars in millions):

Six months ended June 30,
2021 2020 Change in
Ceded % of GWP Ceded % of GWP % of GWP
Property and transportation $ (404) 29 % $ (293) 27 % 2 %
Specialty casualty (621) 34 % (504) 31 % 3 %
Specialty financial (61) 16 % (71) 20 % (4 %)
Other specialty 107 91
Total specialty (979) 28 % (777) 25 % 3 %
Neon exited lines — — % (63) 90 % (90 %)
Aggregate $ (979) 28 % $ (840) 27 % 1 %

~~Net Written Premiums~~

Net written premiums (“NWP”) for AFG’s property and casualty insurance segment were $2.57 billion for the first six months of 2021 compared to $2.30 billion for the first six months of 2020, an increase of $279 million (12%). Detail of AFG’s property and casualty net written premiums is shown below (dollars in millions):

Six months ended June 30,
2021 2020
NWP % NWP % % Change
Property and transportation $ 967 38 % $ 812 35 % 19 %
Specialty casualty 1,180 46 % 1,097 48 % 8 %
Specialty financial 320 12 % 288 13 % 11 %
Other specialty 107 4 % 91 4 % 18 %
Total specialty 2,574 100 % 2,288 100 % 13 %
Neon exited lines — — % 7 — % — %
Aggregate $ 2,574 100 % $ 2,295 100 % 12 %

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

~~Net Earned Premiums~~

Net earned premiums (“NEP”) for AFG’s property and casualty insurance segment were $2.42 billion for the first six months of 2021 compared to $2.39 billion for the first six months of 2020, an increase of $30 million (1%). Detail of AFG’s property and casualty net earned premiums is shown below (dollars in millions):

Six months ended June 30,
2021 2020
NEP % NEP % % Change
Property and transportation $ 847 35 % $ 776 32 % 9 %
Specialty casualty 1,159 48 % 1,103 46 % 5 %
Specialty financial 314 13 % 300 13 % 5 %
Other specialty 103 4 % 82 3 % 26 %
Total specialty 2,423 100 % 2,261 94 % 7 %
Neon exited lines — — % 132 6 % (100 %)
Aggregate $ 2,423 100 % $ 2,393 100 % 1 %

The $418 million (13%) increase in gross written premiums for the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020 reflects an increase in each of the Specialty property and casualty sub-segments due primarily to higher renewal rates and increased exposures. Overall average renewal rates increased approximately 10% in the first six months of 2021. Excluding the workers’ compensation business, renewal pricing increased approximately 13%.

~~Property and transportation~~Gross written premiums increased $266 million (24%) in the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020 due primarily to higher premiums in the transportation businesses, as a result of new accounts, combined with strong renewals and increased exposures in the alternative risk transfer business and higher premiums in the crop insurance business as a result of higher commodity futures pricing and timing differences in the writing of premiums. Average renewal rates increased approximately 7% for this group in the first six months of 2021. Reinsurance premiums ceded as a percentage of gross written premiums increased 2 percentage points in the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020 reflecting growth in the crop insurance operations, which cede a larger percentage of premiums than the other businesses in the Property and transportation sub-segment and the impact of reinstatement premiums in the first six months of 2021 related to winter storms in Texas and a large property loss.

~~Specialty casualty~~ Gross written premiums increased $200 million (12%) in the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020. Significant renewal rate increases and new business opportunities contributed to higher premiums in the excess liability businesses. Higher renewal rates and increased exposures contributed to premium growth in the excess and surplus lines business. The executive liability and mergers and acquisitions businesses also contributed meaningfully to the year-over-year growth. These increases were partially offset by lower year-over-year premiums in the workers’ compensation businesses, which were primarily the result of lower renewal rates and decreased exposure bases. Average renewal rates increased approximately 13% for this group in the first six months of 2021. Excluding rate decreases in the workers’ compensation business, renewal rates for this group increased approximately 21%. Reinsurance premiums ceded as a percentage of gross written premiums increased 3 percentage points in the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020 reflecting growth in the excess liability, mergers and acquisitions and environmental businesses, which cede a larger percentage of premiums than the other businesses in the Specialty casualty sub-segment.

~~Specialty financial~~ Gross written premiums increased $22 million (6%) in the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020 due primarily to renewal rate increases and new business opportunities within the lender services, surety and fidelity businesses. Average renewal rates increased approximately 7% for this group in the first six months of 2021. Reinsurance premiums ceded as a percentage of gross written premiums decreased 4 percentage points for the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020 reflecting lower cessions in the financial institutions business due to reduced premiums from collateral protection insurance that is 100% reinsured and lower cessions in the innovative markets business.

~~Other specialty~~ The amounts shown as reinsurance premiums ceded represent business assumed by AFG’s internal reinsurance program from the operations that make up AFG’s other Specialty property and casualty insurance sub-segments. Reinsurance premiums assumed increased $16 million (18%) in the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020, reflecting an increase in premiums retained, primarily from businesses in the Specialty casualty sub-segment.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

~~Combined Ratio~~

~~The table below (dollars in millions) details the components of the combined ratio and underwriting profit for AFG’s property and casualty insurance segment:~~

Six months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2021 2020 Change 2021 2020
Property and transportation
Loss and LAE ratio 57.1 % 61.4 % (4.3 %)
Underwriting expense ratio 29.0 % 30.9 % (1.9 %)
Combined ratio 86.1 % 92.3 % (6.2 %)
Underwriting profit $ 118 $ 60
Specialty casualty
Loss and LAE ratio 62.5 % 64.1 % (1.6 %)
Underwriting expense ratio 26.5 % 28.7 % (2.2 %)
Combined ratio 89.0 % 92.8 % (3.8 %)
Underwriting profit $ 127 $ 79
Specialty financial
Loss and LAE ratio 33.5 % 41.2 % (7.7 %)
Underwriting expense ratio 51.9 % 53.2 % (1.3 %)
Combined ratio 85.4 % 94.4 % (9.0 %)
Underwriting profit $ 46 $ 17
Total Specialty
Loss and LAE ratio 57.0 % 60.5 % (3.5 %)
Underwriting expense ratio 31.2 % 33.2 % (2.0 %)
Combined ratio 88.2 % 93.7 % (5.5 %)
Underwriting profit $ 287 $ 143
Aggregate — including exited lines
Loss and LAE ratio 57.0 % 61.8 % (4.8 %)
Underwriting expense ratio 31.2 % 34.2 % (3.0 %)
Combined ratio 88.2 % 96.0 % (7.8 %)
Underwriting profit $ 286 $ 96

The Specialty property and casualty insurance operations generated an underwriting profit of $287 million for the first six months of 2021 compared to $143 million for the first six months of 2020, an increase of $144 million (101%). The higher underwriting profit in the first six months of 2021 reflects higher underwriting profits in each of the Specialty property and casualty insurance sub-segments. Underwriting results for the Specialty property and casualty insurance operations include $11 million in COVID-19 related losses (0.5 points on the combined ratio) in the first six months of 2021 and $95 million in COVID-19 related losses (4.2 points) in the first six months of 2020. Catastrophe losses were $30 million (1.3 points on the combined ratio) and related net reinstatement premiums were $12 million in the first six months of 2021 compared to catastrophe losses of $35 million (1.5 points) in the first six months of 2020.

~~Property and transportation~~Underwriting profit for this group was $118 million for the first six months of 2021 compared to $60 million for the first six months of 2020, an increase of $58 million (97%). This increase reflects higher underwriting profit in the transportation, property and inland marine and crop businesses. Catastrophe losses were $20 million (2.4 points on the combined ratio), primarily the result of winter storms in Texas, and related net reinstatement premiums were $9 million in the first six months of 2021 compared to catastrophe losses of $23 million (3.0 points) in the first six months of 2020. COVID-19 related losses for this group were $6 million (0.7 points) in the first six months of 2020.

~~Specialty casualty~~ Underwriting profit for this group was $127 million for the first six months of 2021 compared to $79 million for the first six months of 2020, an increase of $48 million (61%). This increase reflects higher underwriting profitability in the excess and surplus lines and excess liability businesses, partially offset by lower favorable prior year reserve development in the workers’ compensation business in the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020. COVID-19 related losses were $7 million (0.6 points on the combined ratio) in the first six months of 2021 compared to $59 million (5.3 points) in the first six months of 2020, primarily in the workers’ compensation and executive liability businesses. Catastrophe losses were $3 million (0.3 points on the combined ratio) and related reinstatement

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

~~premiums were~~ $1 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~catastrophe losses of $6 million (0.5 points) in the first six months of 2020.~~

~~Specialty financial~~ Underwriting profit for this group was $46 million for the first six months of 2021 compared to $17 million for the first six months of 2020, an increase of $29 million (171%). This increase reflects higher year-over-year underwriting profitability in the trade credit and financial institutions businesses. COVID-19 related losses were $4 million (1.4 points on the combined ratio) in the first six months of 2021 compared to $30 million (10.2 points), primarily related to trade credit insurance. Catastrophe losses were $6 million (2.0 points on the combined ratio) and related net reinstatement premiums were $2 million in the first six months of 2021 compared to catastrophe losses of $6 million (2.0 points) in the first six months of 2020.

~~Other specialty~~ This group reported an underwriting loss of $4 million for the first six months of 2021 compared to $13 million in the first six months of 2020, a decrease of $9 million (69%). This decrease reflects lower losses in the business assumed by AFG’s internal reinsurance program from the operations that make up AFG’s other Specialty sub-segments in the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020.

~~Aggregate~~ Aggregate underwriting results for AFG’s property and casualty insurance segment includes an underwriting loss of $44 million at Neon in the first six months of 2020, due primarily to losses related to the COVID-19 pandemic. AFG also recorded adverse prior year reserve development of $1 million and $3 million in the first six months of 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to business outside of the Specialty group that AFG no longer writes.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

~~Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses~~

AFG’s overall loss and LAE ratio was 57.0% for the first six months of 2021 compared to 61.8% for the first six months of 2020, a decrease of 4.8 percentage points. The components of AFG’s property and casualty losses and LAE amounts and ratio are detailed below (dollars in millions):

Six months ended June 30,
Amount Ratio Change in
2021 2020 2021 2020 Ratio
Property and transportation
Current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses $ 547 $ 499 64.5 % 64.4 % 0.1 %
Prior accident years development (83) (52) (9.8 %) (6.7 %) (3.1 %)
Current year COVID-19 related losses — 6 — % 0.7 % (0.7 %)
Current year catastrophe losses 20 23 2.4 % 3.0 % (0.6 %)
Property and transportation losses and LAE and ratio $ 484 $ 476 57.1 % 61.4 % (4.3 %)
Specialty casualty
Current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses $ 743 $ 717 64.1 % 65.0 % (0.9 %)
Prior accident years development (29) (75) (2.5 %) (6.7 %) 4.2 %
Current year COVID-19 related losses 7 59 0.6 % 5.3 % (4.7 %)
Current year catastrophe losses 3 6 0.3 % 0.5 % (0.2 %)
Specialty casualty losses and LAE and ratio $ 724 $ 707 62.5 % 64.1 % (1.6 %)
Specialty financial
Current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses $ 115 $ 101 36.4 % 33.5 % 2.9 %
Prior accident years development (20) (13) (6.3 %) (4.5 %) (1.8 %)
Current year COVID-19 related losses 4 30 1.4 % 10.2 % (8.8 %)
Current year catastrophe losses 6 6 2.0 % 2.0 % — %
Specialty financial losses and LAE and ratio $ 105 $ 124 33.5 % 41.2 % (7.7 %)
Total Specialty
Current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses $ 1,466 $ 1,372 60.5 % 60.6 % (0.1 %)
Prior accident years development (127) (133) (5.3 %) (5.8 %) 0.5 %
Current year COVID-19 related losses 11 95 0.5 % 4.2 % (3.7 %)
Current year catastrophe losses 30 35 1.3 % 1.5 % (0.2 %)
Total Specialty losses and LAE and ratio $ 1,380 $ 1,369 57.0 % 60.5 % (3.5 %)
Aggregate — including exited lines
Current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses $ 1,466 $ 1,447 60.5 % 60.5 % — %
Prior accident years development (126) (119) (5.3 %) (5.0 %) (0.3 %)
Current year COVID-19 related losses 11 115 0.5 % 4.8 % (4.3 %)
Current year catastrophe losses 30 35 1.3 % 1.5 % (0.2 %)
Aggregate losses and LAE and ratio $ 1,381 $ 1,478 57.0 % 61.8 % (4.8 %)

~~Current accident year losses and LAE, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses~~

The current accident year loss and LAE ratio, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses for AFG’s Specialty property and casualty insurance operations was 60.5% for the first six months of 2021 compared to 60.6% for the first six months of 2020, a decrease of 0.1 percentage points.

~~Property and transportation~~The 0.1 percentage point increase in the loss and LAE ratio for the current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses reflects growth in the crop operations, which has a higher loss and LAE ratio than many of the businesses in the property and transportation segment and a higher loss and LAE ratio in the equine business due to higher claim severity in the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020, partially offset by a lower loss and LAE ratio of the aviation business.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

~~Specialty casualty~~ The 0.9 percentage point decrease in the loss and LAE ratio for the current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses reflects a decrease in the loss and LAE ratios of the excess and surplus businesses, partially offset by an increase in ~~the loss and LAE ratio of the executive liability business.~~

~~Specialty financial~~The 2.9 percentage point increase in the loss and LAE ratio for the current year, excluding COVID-19 related and catastrophe losses reflects an increase in the loss and LAE ratio of the financial institutions and trade credit businesses.

~~Net prior year reserve development~~

AFG’s Specialty property and casualty insurance operations recorded net favorable reserve development related to prior accident years of $127 million in the first six months of 2021 compared to $133 million in the first six months of 2020, a decrease of $6 million (5%).

~~Property and transportation~~ Net favorable reserve development of $83 million in the first six months of 2021 reflects lower than anticipated claim frequency and severity in the transportation businesses, lower than expected losses in the crop business and lower than expected claim severity in the property and inland marine business, partially offset by higher than expected claim frequency and severity in the equine business. Net favorable reserve development of $52 million in the first six months of 2020 reflects lower than expected claim frequency and severity in the agricultural businesses and lower than anticipated claim frequency and severity in the transportation businesses.

~~Specialty casualty~~ Net favorable reserve development of $29 million in the first six months of 2021 reflects lower than anticipated claim severity in the workers’ compensation businesses, partially offset by higher than anticipated claim severity in the general liability, targeted markets and professional liability businesses. Net favorable reserve development of $75 million in the first six months of 2020 reflects lower than anticipated claim frequency and severity in the workers’ compensation businesses and lower than anticipated claim frequency in the executive liability business, partially offset by higher than expected claim frequency and severity in the excess and surplus businesses.

~~Specialty financial~~Net favorable reserve development of $20 million in the first six months of 2021 reflects lower than anticipated claim frequency in the surety business and lower than expected claim frequency and severity in the financial institutions business. Net favorable reserve development of $13 million in the first six months of 2020 reflects lower than anticipated claim frequency in the trade credit and surety businesses.

~~Other specialty~~ In addition to the development discussed above, total Specialty prior year reserve development includes net adverse reserve development of $5 million in the first six months of 2021 and $7 million in the first six months of 2020, reflecting net adverse development associated with AFG’s internal reinsurance program, partially offset by the amortization of the deferred gains on the retroactive reinsurance transactions entered into in connection with the sale of businesses in 1998 and 2001.

~~Aggregate~~ Aggregate net prior accident years reserve development for AFG’s property and casualty insurance segment includes net adverse reserve development of $11 million in the first six months of 2020 from the Neon exited lines and net adverse reserve development of $1 million in the first six months of 2021 and $3 million in the first six months of 2020 related to business outside the Specialty group that AFG no longer writes.

~~COVID-19 related losses~~

AFG’s Specialty property and casualty insurance operations recorded $11 million in reserve charges related to COVID-19 in the first six months of 2021 primarily related to the workers’ compensation and trade credit businesses, and released approximately $10 million of accident year 2020 reserves based on loss experience. Underwriting results for the first six months of 2020 include $95 million of reserve charges related to COVID-19. Given the uncertainties surrounding the ultimate number and scope of claims relating to the pandemic, approximately 66% of the $96 million in COVID-19 related losses are held as incurred but not reported reserves at June 30, 2021.

~~In addition, COVID-19 related losses were the primary driver of the underwriting loss recorded in the Neon exited lines for the first six months of 2020.~~

~~Catastrophe losses~~

Catastrophe losses of $30 million in the first six months of 2021 resulted primarily from storms in in multiple regions of the United States, including the winter storms in Texas. Catastrophe losses of $35 million in the first six months of 2020

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

~~resulted primarily from storms and tornadoes in multiple regions of the United States and included $4 million related to civil unrest.~~

~~Commissions and Other Underwriting Expenses~~

AFG’s property and casualty commissions and other underwriting expenses (“U/W Exp”) were $756 million in the first six months of 2021 compared to $819 million for the first six months of 2020, a decrease of $63 million (8%). AFG’s underwriting expense ratio was 31.2% for the first six months of 2021 compared to 34.2% for the first six months of 2020, a decrease of 3.0 percentage points. Detail of AFG’s property and casualty commissions and other underwriting expenses and underwriting expense ratios is shown below (dollars in millions):

Six months ended June 30,
2021 2020 Change in
U/W Exp % of NEP U/W Exp % of NEP % of NEP
Property and transportation $ 245 29.0 % $ 240 30.9 % (1.9 %)
Specialty casualty 308 26.5 % 317 28.7 % (2.2 %)
Specialty financial 163 51.9 % 159 53.2 % (1.3 %)
Other specialty 40 39.0 % 33 40.4 % (1.4 %)
Total Specialty 756 31.2 % 749 33.2 % (2.0 %)
Neon exited lines — 70
Aggregate $ 756 31.2 % $ 819 34.2 % (3.0 %)

~~Property and transportation~~ Commissions and other underwriting expenses as a percentage of net earned premiums decreased 1.9 percentage points in the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020 reflecting higher profitability-based ceding commissions received from reinsurers in the crop business and the impact of higher premiums on the ratio in the transportation businesses in the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020.

~~Specialty casualty~~ Commissions and other underwriting expenses as a percentage of net earned premiums decreased 2.2 percentage points in the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020 reflecting higher ceding commissions received from reinsurers as a result of growth in the excess liability and excess and surplus businesses and the impact of higher premiums on the ratio in the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020.

~~Specialty financial~~ Commissions and other underwriting expenses as a percentage of net earned premiums decreased 1.3 percentage points in the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020 reflecting the impact of higher premiums on the ratio in the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020.

~~Property and Casualty Net Investment Income~~

Net investment income in AFG’s property and casualty insurance operations was $302 million in the first six months of 2021 compared to $171 million (excluding the Neon exited lines) in the first six months of 2020, an increase of $131 million (77%). The average invested assets and overall yield earned on investments held by AFG’s property and casualty insurance operations are provided below (dollars in millions):

Six months ended June 30,
2021 2020 Change % Change
Net investment income:
Net investment income excluding alternative investments $ 162 $ 181 $ (19) (10 %)
Alternative investments 140 (10) 150 (1,500 %)
Total net investment income $ 302 $ 171 $ 131 77 %
Average invested assets (at amortized cost) $ 12,539 $ 11,509 $ 1,030 9 %
Yield (net investment income as a % of average invested assets) 4.82 % 2.97 % 1.85 %
Tax equivalent yield (*) 4.96 % 3.10 % 1.86 %

~~(*)Adjusts the yield on equity securities and tax-exempt bonds to the fully taxable equivalent yield.~~

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

The property and casualty insurance segment’s increase in net investment income for the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020 reflects significantly higher earnings from alternative investments (partnerships and similar investments and AFG-managed CLOs), partially offset by the effect of lower fixed maturity yields, lower short-term interest rates and lower dividend income. The property and casualty insurance segment’s overall yield on investments (net investment income as a percentage of average invested assets) was 4.82% for the first six months of 2021 compared to 2.97% for the first six months of 2020, an increase of 1.85 percentage points. The annualized return earned on alternative investments was 26.3% in the first six months of 2021 compared to a negative return of 2.3% in the prior year period.

In addition to the property and casualty segment’s net investment income from ongoing operations discussed above, the Neon exited lines reported a $6 million loss in the first six months of 2020 in net investment income, primarily from changes in the fair value ~~of equity securities.~~

~~Property and Casualty Other Income and Expenses, Net~~

Other income and expenses, net for AFG’s property and casualty insurance operations was a net expense of $12 million for the first six months of 2021 compared to $14 million for the first six months of 2020, a decrease of $2 million (14%). The table below details the items included in other income and expenses, net for AFG’s property and casualty insurance operations (in millions):

Six months ended June 30,
2021 2020
Other income $ 5 $ 8
Other expenses
Amortization of intangibles 4 6
Other 13 16
Total other expense 17 22
Other income and expenses, net $ (12) $ (14)

In addition to the property and casualty segment’s other income and expenses, net from ongoing operations discussed above, the Neon exited lines incurred a net expense of $2 million in other income and expenses, net during the first six months of 2020.

~~Holding Company, Other and Unallocated — Results of Operations~~

AFG’s net GAAP pretax loss outside of its property and casualty insurance segment (excluding realized gains and losses) totaled $127 million in the first six months of 2021 compared to $77 million in the first six months of 2020, an increase of $50 million (65%). AFG’s net core pretax loss outside of its property and casualty insurance segment (excluding realized gains and losses) totaled $116 million in the first six months of 2021 compared to $77 million in the first six months of 2020, an increase of $39 million (51%).

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued~~

The following table details AFG’s GAAP and core loss before income taxes from operations outside of its property and casualty insurance segment for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (dollars in millions):

Six months ended June 30,
2021 2020 % Change
Revenues:
Net investment income $ 11 $ (3) (467 %)
Other income — P&C fees 37 33 12 %
Other income 9 10 (10 %)
Total revenues 57 40 43 %
Costs and Expenses:
Property and casualty insurance — commissions and other underwriting expenses 14 10 40 %
Other expense — expenses associated with P&C fees 23 23 — %
Other expenses (*) 89 44 102 %
Costs and expenses, excluding interest charges on borrowed money 126 77 64 %
Loss before income taxes, excluding realized gains and losses and interest charges on borrowed money (69) (37) 86 %
Interest charges on borrowed money 47 40 18 %
Core loss from continuing operations before income taxes, excluding realized gains and losses (116) (77) 51 %
Pretax non-core loss on pension settlement (11) — — %
GAAP loss from continuing operations before income taxes, excluding realized gains and losses $ (127) $ (77) 65 %

~~(*)Excludes a pretax non-core loss of $11 million related to the settlement of pension liabilities of a small former manufacturing operation in the second quarter of 2021.~~

~~Holding Company and Other — Net Investment Income~~

~~AFG recorded net investment income on investments held outside of its property and casualty insurance segment of $11 million in the first six months of 2021 compared to a net investment loss~~ of $3 million in the first ~~six~~three months of 2020, a change of $14 million (467%). The parent company holds a small portfolio of securities that are carried at fair value through net investment income. These securities increased in value by $6 million in the first six months of 2021 compared to a decrease in value of $6 million in the first six months of 2020.2021.

Holding Company and Other — P&C Fees and Related Expenses

Summit, a workers’ compensation insurance subsidiary, collects fees from a small group of unaffiliated insurers for providing underwriting, policy administration and claims services. In addition, certain of AFG’s property and casualty insurance businesses collect fees from customers for ancillary services such as workplace safety programs and premium financing. In the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021,~~2022, AFG collected ~~$37~~$22 million ~~in fees~~ for these services compared to ~~$33~~$19 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2020.~~2021. Management views this fee income, net of the ~~$23~~$12 million in ~~both~~ the first ~~six~~three months of 2022 and $11 million in the first three months of 2021, ~~and the first six months of 2020,~~ in expenses incurred to generate such fees, as a reduction in the cost of underwriting its property and casualty insurance policies. In addition, AFG’s property and casualty insurance businesses collected $2 million in fees from AFG’s disposed annuity operations during the first three months of 2022 as compensation for certain services provided under a transition services agreement. The expenses related to providing such services are embedded in property and casualty underwriting expenses. Consistent with internal management reporting, these fees and the related expenses are netted and recorded as a reduction of ~~commissions~~loss adjustment expenses and ~~other~~ underwriting expenses in AFG’s segmented results.

Holding Company and Other — Other Income

Other income in the table above includes $8$4 million in both the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021~~2022 and the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2020,~~2021, in management fees paid to AFG by the AFG-managed CLOs (AFG’s consolidated managed investment entities). The management fees are eliminated in consolidation — see the other income line in the Consolidate MIEs column under ~~“Results~~“Results of Operations — Segmented Statement of Earnings.”Excluding amounts eliminated in consolidation, AFG recorded other income outside of its property and casualty insurance segment of $2 million and less than $1 million in the first ~~six~~three months of 2022 and the first three months of 2021, ~~compared to $2 million the first six months of 2020.~~respectively.

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Table of Contents

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

Holding Company and Other — Other Expenses

AFG’s holding companies and other operations outside of its property and casualty insurance segment recorded other expenses of ~~$89~~$32 million in the first ~~six~~three months of 2022 compared to $43 million in the first three months of 2021, ~~compared to $44~~a decrease of $11 million ~~the first six months of 2020, an increase of $45 million (102%~~(26%), reflecting ~~higher~~lower holding company expenses related to employee benefit plans that are tied to stock market ~~performance and higher expenses associated with certain incentive compensation plans.~~performance.

Holding Company and Other — Interest Charges on Borrowed Money

AFG’s holding companies and other operations outside of its property and casualty insurance segment recorded interest expense of ~~$47~~$23 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~$40~~$24 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2020, an increase~~2021, a decrease of $7$1 million ~~(18%~~(4%), reflecting ~~higher average indebtedness.~~the repurchase of $48 million principal amount of 3.50% Senior Notes in the first three months of 2022. The following table details the principal amount of AFG’s long-term debt balances as of March 31, 2022 compared to March 31, 2021 (dollars in millions):


	March 31, 2022			March 31, 2021
Direct obligations of AFG:
4.50% Senior Notes due June 2047	$	590		$	590
3.50% Senior Notes due August 2026	377			425
5.25% Senior Notes due April 2030	300			300
5.125% Subordinated Debentures due December 2059	200			200
4.50% Subordinated Debentures due September 2060	200			200
5.625% Subordinated Debentures due June 2060	150			150
5.875% Subordinated Debentures due March 2059	125			125
Other	3			3
Total principal amount of Holding Company Debt	$	1,945		$	1,993

Weighted Average Interest Rate	4.7		%	4.6		%

~~The increase in interest expense for the first six months~~AFG has given notice that it will redeem all of ~~2021 as compared to the first six months of 2020 reflects the following financial transactions completed by AFG between January 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021:~~

•~~Issued $300 million of 5.25%~~its outstanding 3.50% Senior Notes due August 2026 on June 3, 2022. Management expects that the redemption of the 3.50% Senior Notes will result in ~~April 2020~~

•~~Issued $150~~a pretax non-core loss on retirement of debt of less than $10 million in the second quarter of ~~5.625% Subordinated Debentures in May 2020~~

•~~Issued $200 million of 4.50% Subordinated Debentures in September 2020~~

•~~Redeemed $150 million of 6% Subordinated Debentures in November 2020~~2022.

Holding Company and Other — Loss on ~~Pension Settlement~~Retirement of Debt

InDuring the ~~second~~first quarter of ~~2021,~~2022, AFG ~~settled pension liabilities related to a small former manufacturing operation resulting~~repurchased $48 million principal amount of its 3.50% Senior Notes due 2026 for $50 million cash, which resulted in a $2 million pretax non-core ~~loss of $11 million.~~loss.

Realized Gains (Losses) on Securities

AFG’s realized gains (losses) on securities were net ~~gains~~losses of ~~$120~~$15 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021~~2022 compared to net ~~losses~~gains of ~~$220~~$77 million in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2020,~~2021, a change of ~~$340~~$92 million ~~(155%~~(119%). Realized gains (losses) on securities consisted of the following (in millions):


		Six months ended June 30,					Three months ended March 31,
		2021		2020			2022		2021
Realized gains (losses) before impairments:	Realized gains (losses) before impairments:					Realized gains (losses) before impairments:
Disposals	Disposals	$	2	$	4	Disposals	$	1	$	1
Change in the fair value of equity securities	Change in the fair value of equity securities	119		(211)		Change in the fair value of equity securities	(13)		77
Change in the fair value of derivatives	Change in the fair value of derivatives	(2)		1		Change in the fair value of derivatives	(5)		(2)

		119		(206)			(17)		76

Change in allowance for impairments on securities	Change in allowance for impairments on securities	1		(14)		Change in allowance for impairments on securities	2		1

Realized gains (losses) on securities	Realized gains (losses) on securities	$	120	$	(220)	Realized gains (losses) on securities	$	(15)	$	77

The ~~$119~~$13 million net realized loss from the change in the fair value of equity securities in the first three months of 2022 includes losses of $23 million on investments in banks and financing companies and $5 million on investments in healthcare companies, partially offset by gains of $11 million on investments in energy and natural gas companies and $11 million on investments in media companies. The $77 million net realized gain from the change in the fair value of equity securities in the first ~~six~~three months of 2021 includes gains of ~~$31 million on investments in energy and natural gas companies, $24~~$17 million on investments in healthcare companies, $19 million on investments in banks and financing companies and $19 million on investments in media companies. The $211 million net realized loss from the change in the fair value of equity securities in the first six months of 2020 includes losses of $58 million on investments in banks and financing companies, $44 million from investments in media companies, $26 million on investments in natural gas companies, $21 million on real estate investment trusts, $14 million on investments in energy companies and $10 million on insurance companies.

~~Realized Gain on Subsidiary~~

~~Consolidated Income Taxes on Continuing Operations~~

AFG’s consolidated provision (credit) for income taxes on continuing operations was a provision of $116 million for the first six months of 2021 compared to a credit of $4 million for the first six months of 2020, a change of $120 million (3,000%). See ~~NoteK — “Income Taxes”~~ ~~to the financial statements for an analysis of items affecting AFG’s effective tax rate on continuing operations.~~

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Continued

$15 million on investments in energy and natural gas companies, $13 million on investments in media companies and $10 million on investments in banks and financing companies.

Consolidated ~~Noncontrolling Interests in~~Income Taxes on Continuing Operations

AFG’s consolidated ~~net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests~~provision for income taxes on continuing operations was ~~a net loss $13~~$71 million for the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2020 reflecting losses at Neon, which was sold in December 2020.~~2022 compared to $68 million for the first three months of 2021, an increase of $3 million (4%). See Note K — “Income Taxes” to the financial statements for an analysis of items affecting AFG’s effective tax rate on continuing operations.

Real Estate Entities Acquired from the Annuity Operations

Beginning with the first quarter of 2021, the results of the annuity businesses to be sold are reported as discontinued operations, in accordance with GAAP, which included adjusting prior period results to reflect these operations as discontinued. Prior to the completion of the sale ~~AFG’s~~of its annuity operations in May 2021, AFG parent and its property and casualty insurance operations acquired ~~approximately $480 million in real-estate related~~certain real estate-related partnerships and ~~AFG parent acquired approximately $100 million of~~ directly owned real estate from those operations. GAAP pretax earnings from continuing operations for the first three months of 2021 includes the earnings from these entities and certain other expenses that ~~will be~~were retained from the annuity operations.

The retained real estate entities contributed $51 million in GAAP pretax earnings in the first six months of 2021 compared to $19 million in the first six months of 2020, an increase of $32 million (168%). This increase reflects higher earnings from the real-estate related partnerships in the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020.

Discontinued Annuity Operations

AFG’s discontinued annuity operations, which were sold in May 2021, contributed ~~$324~~$152 million in GAAP ~~pretax~~net earnings ~~(excluding the gain on the sale of the annuity operations)~~ in the first ~~six~~three months of ~~2021 compared to a pretax net loss of $125 million in the first six months of 2020, a change of $449 million (359%) reflecting the following:~~

•~~net realized gains on securities in the first six months of 2021 compared to net realized losses in the first six months of 2020,~~

•~~significantly higher earnings from partnerships and similar investments,~~

•~~the negative impact from the run-off of higher yielding investments and lower short-term interest rates,~~

•~~the positive impact of strong stock market performance in the first six months of 2021 compared to the unfavorable impact of the decline in stock market performance in the first six months of 2020,~~

•~~the negative impact of lower than expected interest rates in both the first six months of 2021 and the first six months of 2020 on the accounting for fixed indexed annuities (“FIAs”), and~~

•the negative impact of the amortization of the deferred loss related to the annuity block reinsurance transaction entered into in the fourth quarter of 2020 and other reinsurance impacts in the first six months of 2021.

The following table details AFG’s earnings (loss) before and after income taxes and the gain on the sale from its discontinued annuity operations for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (dollars in millions):

Six months ended June 30,
2021 (*) 2020 % Change
Pretax annuity earnings historically reported as core operating earnings:
Pretax annuity earnings before items below $ 106 $ 166 (36 %)
Earnings on partnerships and similar investments 139 (64) (317 %)
Total pretax annuity earnings historically reported as core operating earnings 245 102 140 %
Pretax amounts previously reported outside of annuity core earnings:
Impact of reinsurance, derivatives related to FIAs and other impacts of changes in the stock market and interest rates on FIAs over or under option costs (33) (97) (66 %)
Realized gains (losses) on securities 112 (127) (188 %)
Run-off life and long-term care — (3) (100 %)
Total pretax amounts previously reported outside of annuity core earnings 79 (227) (135 %)
GAAP pretax earnings (loss) from discontinued annuity operations, excluding the gain on the sale of the discontinued annuity operations 324 (125) (359 %)
Provision (credit) for income taxes 66 (29) (328 %)
GAAP net earnings (loss) from discontinued annuity operations, excluding the sale of the discontinued annuity operations 258 (96) (369 %)
Gain on sale of discontinued annuity operations, net of tax 656 — — %
GAAP net earnings (loss) from discontinued annuity operations $ 914 $ (96) (1,052 %)

~~(*)Results through the May 31, 2021 effective date of the sale.~~

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q~~

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

As of ~~June 30, 2021,~~March 31, 2022, there were no material changes to the information provided in Item 7A — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk of AFG’s ~~2020~~2021 Form 10-K. The following table demonstrates the sensitivity of fair values to reasonably likely changes in interest rates by illustrating the estimated effect on AFG’s fixed maturity portfolio that an immediate increase of 100 basis points in the interest rate yield curve would have at March 31, 2022 (dollars in millions). Effects of increases or decreases from the 100 basis points illustrated would be approximately proportional.


Fair value of fixed maturity portfolio	$	10,839
Percentage impact on fair value of 100 bps increase in interest rates	(2.5		%)
Pretax impact on fair value of fixed maturity portfolio	$	(271)

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

AFG’s management, with participation of its Co-Chief Executive Officers and its Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated AFG’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, AFG’s Co-CEOs and CFO concluded that the controls and procedures are effective. There have been no changes in AFG’s internal control over financial reporting during the ~~second~~first fiscal quarter of ~~2021~~2022 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, AFG’s internal control over financial reporting.

In the ordinary course of business, AFG and its subsidiaries routinely enhance their information systems by either upgrading current systems or implementing new systems. ~~There has been no~~During the first quarter of 2022, AFG implemented a new general ledger, accounting and financial reporting system. The new general ledger system was implemented in order to provide a consistent system platform for AFG’s subsidiaries, enhance overall efficiency and streamline management reporting and analysis. This change in ~~AFG’s business processes~~systems was subject to thorough testing and ~~procedures during the second fiscal quarter of 2021 that~~review both before and after final implementation. This implementation has not materially affected, ~~or is reasonably likely~~and management does not expect it to materially affect, AFG’s internal ~~control over financial reporting.~~controls.

Table of Contents

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

PART II

OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities AFG repurchased shares of its Common Stock during ~~2021~~2022 as follows:

Total
Number
of Shares
Purchased
Average
Price Paid
Per Share Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs Maximum Number
of Shares
that May
Yet be Purchased
Under the Plans
or Programs (b)
First quarter 1,757,702 $ 108.98 1,757,702 3,710,904
Second quarter:
April 94,273 $ 115.07 94,273 3,616,631
May 447,048 128.39 447,048 8,169,583
June 375,199 121.99 375,199 7,794,384
Total 2,674,222 $ 114.26 (a) 2,674,222


	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share			Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (b)
First quarter:
January	—	$	—		—	7,690,922
February	30,000	130.37			30,000	7,660,922
March	5,201	134.99			5,201	7,655,721








Total	35,201	$	131.05	(a)	35,201

(a)~~In June 2021,~~ AFG ~~paid~~declared a special dividend of ~~$14.00~~$2.00 per share of its Common ~~Stock. The~~Stock in March 2022. Adjusted for the special dividend, the average price paid per share ~~adjusted~~was $129.05 for the ~~special dividend was $102.23 for the six~~three months ended ~~June 2021.~~March 31, 2022.

(b)Represents the remaining shares that may be repurchased until December 31, 2025 under the Plans authorized by AFG’s Board of Directors in October 2020 and May 2021. ~~In May 2021, AFG’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of five million additional shares.~~

In addition, AFG acquired ~~76,984 shares of its Common Stock (at an average of $106.58 per share) in the first quarter of 2021, 274 shares of its Common Stock (at $114.09 per share) in April 2021, 13,418~~2,935 shares (at an average of ~~$132.45~~$134.82 per share) in ~~May 2021 and 688~~January 2022, 43,825 shares (at ~~$123.18~~an average of $135.37 per share) in ~~June 2021~~February 2022 and 1,149 shares (at an average of $138.35 per share) in March 2022 in connection with its stock incentive plans.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

ITEM 6. Exhibits


Number						Exhibit Description
31(a)						Certification of Co-Chief Executive Officer pursuant to section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31(b)						Certification of Co-Chief Executive Officer pursuant to section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31(c)						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32						Certification of Co-Chief Executive Officers and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS						XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

Signature

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	American Financial Group, Inc.

~~August 6, 2021~~May 9, 2022	By:	/s/ Brian S. Hertzman
		Brian S. Hertzman
		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

8054



			Page
Part I — Financial Information
Item 1 — Financial Statements:
Consolidated Balance Sheet			2
Consolidated Statement of Earnings			3
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income			4
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity			5
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows			76
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements			87
Item 2 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			3529
Item 3 — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk			7952
Item 4 — Controls and Procedures			7952

Part II — Other Information

Item 2 — Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			7953
Item 6 — Exhibits			8054
Signature			8054


		Shareholders’ Equity												Redeemable
	Common	Common Stock and Capital		Retained		Accumulated Other Comp.				Noncon- trolling		Total		Noncon- trolling
	Shares	Surplus		Earnings		Income		Total		Interests		Equity		Interests
Balance at March 31, 2021	85,126,062	$	1,364	$	4,354	$	967	$	6,685	$	0	$	6,685

Net earnings	—	—		1,002		—		1,002		0		1,002
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(777)		(777)		—		(777)
Dividends ($14.50 per share)	—	—		(1,232)		—		(1,232)		—		(1,232)
Shares issued:
Exercise of stock options	561,732	30		—		—		30		—		30
Restricted stock awards	0	—		—		—		—		—		—
Other benefit plans	27,833	3		—		—		3		—		3
Dividend reinvestment plan	34,348	4		—		—		4		—		4
Stock-based compensation expense	—	2		—		—		2		—		2
Shares acquired and retired	(916,520)	(15)		(99)		—		(114)		—		(114)
Shares exchanged — benefit plans	(14,380)	0		(2)		—		(2)		—		(2)
Forfeitures of restricted stock	(105,148)	—		—		—		—		—		—

Balance at June 30, 2021	84,713,927	$	1,388	$	4,023	$	190	$	5,601	$	0	$	5,601

Balance at March 31, 2020	89,827,336	$	1,399	$	3,616	$	32	$	5,047	$	0	$	5,047	$	0
Net earnings (loss)	—	—		177		—		177		0		177		(10)
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		1,021		1,021		—		1,021		0
Dividends ($0.45 per share)	—	—		(41)		—		(41)		—		(41)		0
Shares issued:
Exercise of stock options	5,250	0		—		—		0		—		0		—
Restricted stock awards	0	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other benefit plans	51,955	4		—		—		4		—		4		—
Dividend reinvestment plan	2,733	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation expense	—	4		—		—		4		—		4		—
Shares acquired and retired	(1,194,236)	(19)		(57)		—		(76)		—		(76)		—
Shares exchanged — benefit plans	(540)	0		0		—		0		—		0		—
Forfeitures of restricted stock	(33,091)	0		0		—		0		—		0		—
Other	0	—		(10)		—		(10)		0		(10)		10
Balance at June 30, 2020	88,659,407	$	1,388	$	3,685	$	1,053	$	6,126	$	0	$	6,126	$	0


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2021 (*)		2020		2021 (*)		2020
Net investment income	$	299	$	382	$	746	$	797
Realized gains (losses) on securities	31		96		112		(127)
Other income	20		32		52		65
Total revenues	350		510		910		735
Annuity benefits	216		426		377		702
Annuity and supplemental insurance acquisition expenses	24		(35)		136		78
Other expenses	27		41		73		80
Total costs and expenses	267		432		586		860
Earnings (loss) before income taxes from discontinued operations	83		78		324		(125)
Provision (credit) for income taxes on operations	18		14		66		(29)
Net earnings (loss) from operations, net of tax	65		64		258		(96)
Gain on sale, net of tax	697		0		656		0
Net earnings (loss) from discontinued operations	$	762	$	64	$	914	$	(96)


	Three months ended		Six months ended
	June 30, 2020		June 30, 2020
Net earned premiums	$	61	$	132
Loss and loss adjustment expenses	66		106
Commissions and other underwriting expenses	38		70
Underwriting loss	(43)		(44)

Net investment income	0		(6)
Other income and expenses, net	1		(2)
Loss before income taxes and noncontrolling interests	$	(42)	$	(52)


			Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in
	Balance at December 31, 2019		Net earnings (loss)		Other comprehensive income (loss)		Purchases and issuances		Sales and settlements		Transfer into Level 3		Transfer out of Level 3		Balance at June 30, 2020
AFS fixed maturities:
U.S. government agency	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0
State and municipal	40		0		2		0		(1)		0		0		41
Residential MBS	45		1		(1)		0		(2)		1		(2)		42
Commercial MBS	6		0		0		0		0		0		0		6
Collateralized loan obligations	1		(1)		3		0		0		52		0		55
Other asset-backed securities	256		(5)		1		61		(47)		27		0		293
Corporate and other	223		(1)		(1)		32		(11)		2		(66)		178
Total AFS fixed maturities	571		(6)		4		93		(61)		82		(68)		615
Equity securities	161		(17)		0		11		0		9		0		164
Assets of MIE	17		(2)		0		0		0		2		0		17
Assets of discontinued annuity operations	3,092		(20)		20		361		(212)		258		(455)		3,044
Total Level 3 assets	$	3,841	$	(45)	$	24	$	465	$	(273)	$	351	$	(523)	$	3,840

Liabilities of discontinued annuity operations	$	(3,730)	$	46	$	0	$	(124)	$	133	$	0	$	0	$	(3,675)
Total Level 3 liabilities (*)	$	(3,730)	$	46	$	0	$	(124)	$	133	$	0	$	0	$	(3,675)


	Pretax		Deferred Tax		Net
June 30, 2021
Net unrealized gain on fixed maturities	$	260	$	(55)	$	205










December 31, 2020
Net unrealized gain on fixed maturities held by continuing operations	$	284	$	(60)	$	224

Discontinued operations (*):
Net unrealized gain on fixed maturities	$	2,555	$	(536)	$	2,019
Deferred policy acquisition costs — annuity segment	(934)		196		(738)
Annuity benefits accumulated	(324)		68		(256)
Life, accident and health reserves	(3)		0		(3)
Unearned revenue	11		(2)		9
Total net unrealized gain from discontinued operations	1,305		(274)		1,031
Total net unrealized gain on fixed maturity securities	$	1,589	$	(334)	$	1,255


			Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	AOCI Beginning Balance		Pretax		Tax		Net of tax		Attributable to noncontrolling interests		Attributable to shareholders		AOCI Ending Balance
Quarter ended June 30, 2021
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during the period			$	168	$	(35)	$	133	$	0	$	133
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains) losses included in net earnings (*)			(9)		2		(7)		0		(7)
Reclassification for unrealized gains on securities of subsidiaries sold			(1,119)		235		(884)		0		(884)
Total net unrealized gains (losses) on securities	$	963	(960)		202		(758)		0		(758)		$	205
Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges:
Unrealized holding gains on cash flow hedges arising during the period			7		(1)		6		0		6
Reclassification adjustment for investment income included in net earnings from discontinued operations			(5)		1		(4)		0		(4)
Reclassification for unrealized gains on cash flow hedges of subsidiaries sold			(37)		8		(29)		0		(29)
Total net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges	27		(35)		8		(27)		0		(27)		0
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(16)		0		0		0		0		0		(16)
Pension and other postretirement plans (“OPRP”) adjustments:
Unrealized holding losses on pension and OPRP arising during the period			(1)		0		(1)		0		(1)
Reclassification adjustment for pension settlement loss included in other expense in net earnings			11		(2)		9		0		9
Total Pension and OPRP adjustments	(7)		10		(2)		8		0		8		1
Total	$	967	$	(985)	$	208	$	(777)	$	0	$	(777)	$	190

Quarter ended June 30, 2020
Net unrealized gains on securities:
Unrealized holding gains on securities arising during the period			$	1,293	$	(272)	$	1,021	$	0	$	1,021
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains) losses included in net earnings (*)			(9)		2		(7)		0		(7)
Total net unrealized gains (losses) on securities	$	16	1,284		(270)		1,014		0		1,014		$	1,030
Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges:
Unrealized holding gains on cash flow hedges arising during the period			16		(4)		12		0		12
Reclassification adjustment for investment income included in net earnings from discontinued operations			(12)		3		(9)		0		(9)
Total net unrealized gains on cash flow hedges	44		4		(1)		3		0		3		47
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(21)		4		0		4		0		4		(17)
Pension and other postretirement plans adjustments	(7)		0		0		0		0		0		(7)
Total	$	32	$	1,292	$	(271)	$	1,021	$	0	$	1,021	$	1,053


	June 30, 2021			June 30, 2020
Direct obligations of AFG:
4.50% Senior Notes due June 2047	$	590		$	590
3.50% Senior Notes due August 2026	425			425
5.25% Senior Notes due April 2030	300			300
5.125% Subordinated Debentures due December 2059	200			200
4.50% Subordinated Debentures due September 2060	200			—
6% Subordinated Debentures due November 2055	—			150
5.625% Subordinated Debentures due June 2060	150			150
5.875% Subordinated Debentures due March 2059	125			125
Other	3			3
Total principal amount of Holding Company Debt	$	1,993		$	1,943

Weighted Average Interest Rate	4.6		%	4.8		%