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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q
 QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended AugustMay 27, 20212022
or
 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from          to
Commission File Number 1-13873

STEELCASE INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Michigan38-0819050
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
901 44th Street SE
Grand Rapids,Michigan49508
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
(616) 247-2710
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
None
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common StockSCSNew York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes      No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes      No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filerNon-accelerated filerSmaller reporting companyEmerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes      No 
As of SeptemberJune 21, 2021,2022, Steelcase Inc. had 88,343,08992,266,368 shares of Class A Common Stock and 25,076,99420,495,134 shares of Class B Common Stock outstanding.


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STEELCASE INC.
FORM 10-Q


FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED AugustMay 27, 20212022

INDEX
  Page No. 
   
 
 
 
 
   



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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.Financial Statements:

STEELCASE INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended Three Months Ended
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
May 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
RevenueRevenue$724.8 $818.8 $1,281.4 $1,301.6 Revenue$740.7 $556.6 
Cost of salesCost of sales518.0 542.3 919.9 902.4 Cost of sales548.2 401.9 
Restructuring costsRestructuring costs— 6.9 — 6.9 Restructuring costs0.9 — 
Gross profitGross profit206.8 269.6 361.5 392.3 Gross profit191.6 154.7 
Operating expensesOperating expenses172.9 172.3 359.4 329.7 Operating expenses200.9 186.5 
Goodwill impairment charge— — — 17.6 
Restructuring costsRestructuring costs— 8.7 — 8.7 Restructuring costs3.3 — 
Operating income33.9 88.6 2.1 36.3 
Operating lossOperating loss(12.6)(31.8)
Interest expenseInterest expense(6.4)(6.8)(12.8)(14.1)Interest expense(6.4)(6.4)
Investment incomeInvestment income0.1 0.2 0.3 1.0 Investment income0.1 0.2 
Other income, net1.8 0.8 1.0 4.8 
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)29.4 82.8 (9.4)28.0 
Income tax expense (benefit)4.7 27.3 (6.0)10.6 
Net income (loss)$24.7 $55.5 $(3.4)$17.4 
Other income (expense), netOther income (expense), net3.1 (0.8)
Loss before income tax benefitLoss before income tax benefit(15.8)(38.8)
Income tax benefitIncome tax benefit(4.4)(10.7)
Net lossNet loss$(11.4)$(28.1)
Earnings (loss) per share:Earnings (loss) per share:    Earnings (loss) per share:  
BasicBasic$0.21 $0.47 $(0.03)$0.15 Basic$(0.10)$(0.24)
DilutedDiluted$0.21 $0.47 $(0.03)$0.15 Diluted$(0.10)$(0.24)
Dividends declared and paid per common shareDividends declared and paid per common share$0.145 $0.100 $0.245 $0.170 Dividends declared and paid per common share$0.145 $0.100 
    
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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STEELCASE INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (Unaudited)
(in millions)

Three Months EndedSix Months Ended Three Months Ended
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
May 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
Net income (loss)$24.7 $55.5 $(3.4)$17.4 
Net lossNet loss$(11.4)$(28.1)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net:Other comprehensive income (loss), net:Other comprehensive income (loss), net:
Unrealized gain (loss) on investmentsUnrealized gain (loss) on investments— 0.1 0.2 (0.1)Unrealized gain (loss) on investments(0.3)0.2 
Pension and other post-retirement liability adjustmentsPension and other post-retirement liability adjustments0.4 (1.1)0.3 (0.8)Pension and other post-retirement liability adjustments0.2 (0.1)
Derivative amortizationDerivative amortization0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 Derivative amortization0.3 0.2 
Foreign currency translation adjustmentsForeign currency translation adjustments(12.7)22.4 (11.8)13.5 Foreign currency translation adjustments(18.6)0.9 
Total other comprehensive income (loss), netTotal other comprehensive income (loss), net(12.1)21.6 (10.9)13.0 Total other comprehensive income (loss), net(18.4)1.2 
Comprehensive income (loss)$12.6 $77.1 $(14.3)$30.4 
Comprehensive lossComprehensive loss$(29.8)$(26.9)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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STEELCASE INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions)
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
August 27,
2021
February 26,
2021
May 27,
2022
February 25,
2022
ASSETSASSETSASSETS
Current assets:Current assets:  Current assets:  
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$360.7 $489.8 Cash and cash equivalents$116.7 $200.9 
Accounts receivable334.0 279.0 
Allowance for doubtful accounts(9.1)(8.7)
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $8.2 and $8.0Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $8.2 and $8.0349.0 340.4 
InventoriesInventories233.4 193.5 Inventories372.0 326.2 
Prepaid expensesPrepaid expenses36.6 20.9 Prepaid expenses29.8 24.0 
Income taxes receivableIncome taxes receivable51.7 49.5 Income taxes receivable16.4 41.7 
Other current assetsOther current assets22.7 21.4 Other current assets33.7 26.0 
Total current assetsTotal current assets1,030.0 1,045.4 Total current assets917.6 959.2 
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $1,081.3 and $1,063.2402.1 410.8 
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $1,086.7 and $1,089.0Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $1,086.7 and $1,089.0383.2 392.8 
Company-owned life insurance ("COLI")Company-owned life insurance ("COLI")169.8 169.5 Company-owned life insurance ("COLI")162.8 168.0 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes115.7 113.3 Deferred income taxes120.8 121.2 
GoodwillGoodwill218.1 218.1 Goodwill241.8 242.8 
Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $79.8 and $73.382.3 90.4 
Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $88.7 and $86.4Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $88.7 and $86.479.6 85.5 
Investments in unconsolidated affiliatesInvestments in unconsolidated affiliates49.4 51.5 Investments in unconsolidated affiliates53.1 53.1 
Right-of-use operating lease assetsRight-of-use operating lease assets219.4 225.4 Right-of-use operating lease assets199.1 209.8 
Other assetsOther assets26.7 29.6 Other assets28.8 28.6 
Total assetsTotal assets$2,313.5 $2,354.0 Total assets$2,186.8 $2,261.0 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITYLIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITYLIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:Current liabilities:  Current liabilities:  
Accounts payableAccounts payable$234.4 $181.3 Accounts payable$256.9 $243.6 
Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debtShort-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt6.1 4.7 Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt37.2 5.1 
Current operating lease obligationsCurrent operating lease obligations43.3 43.8 Current operating lease obligations43.2 44.2 
Accrued expenses:Accrued expenses:  Accrued expenses:  
Employee compensationEmployee compensation65.4 90.1 Employee compensation61.9 75.6 
Employee benefit plan obligationsEmployee benefit plan obligations18.3 24.9 Employee benefit plan obligations19.5 25.4 
Accrued promotionsAccrued promotions26.4 27.8 Accrued promotions30.3 32.9 
Customer depositsCustomer deposits47.4 33.7 Customer deposits49.5 53.4 
OtherOther106.4 108.7 Other88.8 87.0 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities547.7 515.0 Total current liabilities587.3 567.2 
Long-term liabilities:Long-term liabilities:  Long-term liabilities:  
Long-term debt less current maturitiesLong-term debt less current maturities478.4 479.2 Long-term debt less current maturities445.2 477.4 
Employee benefit plan obligationsEmployee benefit plan obligations145.2 152.9 Employee benefit plan obligations115.6 126.7 
Long-term operating lease obligationsLong-term operating lease obligations193.4 199.5 Long-term operating lease obligations172.2 182.2 
Other long-term liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities47.5 46.9 Other long-term liabilities52.4 55.3 
Total long-term liabilitiesTotal long-term liabilities864.5 878.5 Total long-term liabilities785.4 841.6 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities1,412.2 1,393.5 Total liabilities1,372.7 1,408.8 
Shareholders’ equity:Shareholders’ equity:  Shareholders’ equity:  
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital— 12.5 Additional paid-in capital10.3 1.5 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(50.9)(40.0)Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(69.0)(50.6)
Retained earningsRetained earnings952.2 988.0 Retained earnings872.8 901.3 
Total shareholders’ equityTotal shareholders’ equity901.3 960.5 Total shareholders’ equity814.1 852.2 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equityTotal liabilities and shareholders’ equity$2,313.5 $2,354.0 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$2,186.8 $2,261.0 
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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STEELCASE INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)
(in millions, except share and per share data)
Three Months EndedSix Months EndedThree Months Ended
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
May 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
Changes in common shares outstanding:Changes in common shares outstanding:Changes in common shares outstanding:
Common shares outstanding, beginning of periodCommon shares outstanding, beginning of period115,664,399 114,759,549 114,908,676 117,202,000 Common shares outstanding, beginning of period112,109,294 114,908,676 
Common stock issuancesCommon stock issuances14,204 13,941 27,297 26,890 Common stock issuances21,172 13,093 
Common stock repurchasesCommon stock repurchases(1,873,804)(205)(2,227,000)(3,244,594)Common stock repurchases(279,103)(353,196)
Performance and restricted stock units issued as common stockPerformance and restricted stock units issued as common stock16,559 3,261 1,112,385 792,250 Performance and restricted stock units issued as common stock889,128 1,095,826 
Common shares outstanding, end of periodCommon shares outstanding, end of period113,821,358 114,776,546 113,821,358 114,776,546 Common shares outstanding, end of period112,740,491 115,664,399 
Changes in additional paid-in capital (1):Changes in additional paid-in capital (1):Changes in additional paid-in capital (1):
Additional paid-in capital, beginning of periodAdditional paid-in capital, beginning of period$21.3 $— $12.5 $28.4 Additional paid-in capital, beginning of period$1.5 $12.5 
Common stock issuancesCommon stock issuances0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 Common stock issuances0.2 0.2 
Common stock repurchasesCommon stock repurchases(23.4)— (27.7)(36.4)Common stock repurchases(3.4)(4.3)
Performance and restricted stock units expensePerformance and restricted stock units expense1.9 1.5 14.8 9.3 Performance and restricted stock units expense12.0 12.9 
Additional paid-in capital, end of periodAdditional paid-in capital, end of period— 1.7 — 1.7 Additional paid-in capital, end of period10.3 21.3 
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), beginning of periodAccumulated other comprehensive income (loss), beginning of period(38.8)(77.9)(40.0)(69.3)Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), beginning of period(50.6)(40.0)
Other comprehensive income (loss)Other comprehensive income (loss)(12.1)21.6 (10.9)13.0 Other comprehensive income (loss)(18.4)1.2 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), end of periodAccumulated other comprehensive income (loss), end of period(50.9)(56.3)(50.9)(56.3)Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), end of period(69.0)(38.8)
Changes in retained earnings:Changes in retained earnings:Changes in retained earnings:
Retained earnings, beginning of periodRetained earnings, beginning of period947.8 958.9 988.0 1,011.3 Retained earnings, beginning of period901.3 988.0 
Net income (loss)24.7 55.5 (3.4)17.4 
Net lossNet loss(11.4)(28.1)
Dividends paidDividends paid(17.1)(11.7)(29.2)(20.1)Dividends paid(17.1)(12.1)
Common stock repurchases(3.2)— (3.2)(5.9)
Retained earnings, end of periodRetained earnings, end of period952.2 1,002.7 952.2 1,002.7 Retained earnings, end of period872.8 947.8 
Total shareholders' equityTotal shareholders' equity$901.3 $948.1 $901.3 $948.1 Total shareholders' equity$814.1 $930.3 

(1)Shares of our Class A and Class B common stock have no par value; thus, there are no balances for common stock.
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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STEELCASE INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
(in millions)
Six Months Ended Three Months Ended
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
May 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
OPERATING ACTIVITIESOPERATING ACTIVITIES  OPERATING ACTIVITIES  
Net income (loss)$(3.4)$17.4 
Net lossNet loss$(11.4)$(28.1)
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization41.2 43.3 Depreciation and amortization20.2 20.7 
Goodwill impairment charge— 17.6 
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation12.2 13.1 
Restructuring costsRestructuring costs— 15.6 Restructuring costs4.2 — 
Deferred income taxes(3.1)18.0 
Non-cash stock compensation15.2 9.7 
Equity in income of unconsolidated affiliates(2.1)(3.9)
Dividends received from unconsolidated affiliates4.0 2.8 
OtherOther(19.4)(12.5)Other(4.2)(4.7)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Changes in operating assets and liabilities:  Changes in operating assets and liabilities:  
Accounts receivableAccounts receivable(58.0)58.0 Accounts receivable(14.5)10.1 
InventoriesInventories(42.0)(0.2)Inventories(50.6)(34.2)
Income taxes receivableIncome taxes receivable25.3 (9.5)
Other assetsOther assets(20.3)(10.8)Other assets(13.2)(4.6)
Accounts payableAccounts payable54.7 (36.5)Accounts payable16.7 17.8 
Employee compensation liabilitiesEmployee compensation liabilities(30.7)(120.8)Employee compensation liabilities(18.5)(36.0)
Employee benefit obligationsEmployee benefit obligations(14.9)(24.9)Employee benefit obligations(17.2)(18.1)
Customer depositsCustomer deposits14.0 74.3 Customer deposits(3.0)8.4 
Accrued expenses and other liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other liabilities3.2 (2.2)Accrued expenses and other liabilities(1.1)1.5 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities(61.6)44.9 
Net cash used in operating activitiesNet cash used in operating activities(55.1)(63.6)
INVESTING ACTIVITIESINVESTING ACTIVITIES  INVESTING ACTIVITIES  
Capital expendituresCapital expenditures(31.8)(18.0)Capital expenditures(13.6)(18.4)
Proceeds from disposal of fixed assets16.8 7.1 
OtherOther8.5 4.9 Other6.3 5.4 
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(6.5)(6.0)Net cash used in investing activities(7.3)(13.0)
FINANCING ACTIVITIESFINANCING ACTIVITIES  FINANCING ACTIVITIES  
Dividends paidDividends paid(29.2)(20.1)Dividends paid(17.1)(12.1)
Common stock repurchasesCommon stock repurchases(30.9)(42.3)Common stock repurchases(3.4)(4.3)
Borrowings on global committed bank facility— 250.0 
Repayments on global committed bank facility— (250.0)
OtherOther0.2 (1.4)Other(0.2)(0.4)
Net cash used in financing activitiesNet cash used in financing activities(59.9)(63.8)Net cash used in financing activities(20.7)(16.8)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalentsEffect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(0.6)0.2 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(1.3)0.3 
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashNet decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(128.6)(24.7)Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(84.4)(93.1)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period (1)Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period (1)495.6 547.1 Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period (1)207.0 495.6 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period (2)Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period (2)$367.0 $522.4 Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period (2)$122.6 $402.5 

(1)These amounts include restricted cash of $5.8$6.1 and $6.1$5.8 as of February 26, 202125, 2022 and February 28, 2020,26, 2021, respectively.
(2)These amounts include restricted cash of $6.3$5.9 and $6.5$5.3 as of AugustMay 27, 20212022 and AugustMay 28, 2020,2021, respectively.
Restricted cash primarily represents funds held in escrow for potential future workers’ compensation and product liability claims.  Restricted cash is included as part of Other assetsin on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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STEELCASE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1.BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions in Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals and adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. Results for interim periods should not be considered indicative of results to be expected for a full year. Reference should be made to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 26, 202125, 2022 (“Form 10-K”). The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of February 26, 202125, 2022 was derived from the audited Consolidated Balance Sheet included in our Form 10-K.
As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Report”), unless otherwise expressly stated or the context otherwise requires, all references to “Steelcase,” “we,” “our,” “Company” and similar references are to Steelcase Inc. and its subsidiaries in which a controlling interest is maintained. Unless the context otherwise indicates, reference to a year relates to the fiscal year, ended in February of the year indicated, rather than a calendar year. Additionally, Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 reference the first, second, third and fourth quarter, respectively, of the fiscal year indicated. All amounts are in millions, except share and per share data, data presented as a percentage or as otherwise indicated.
2.NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
We evaluate all Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs") issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") for consideration of their applicability to our consolidated financial statements. We have assessed all ASUs issued but not yet adopted and concluded that those not disclosed are either not applicable to us or are not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
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STEELCASE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
3.REVENUE
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by product category for each of our reportable segments:
Product Category DataProduct Category DataThree Months EndedSix Months EndedProduct Category DataThree Months Ended
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
May 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
AmericasAmericasAmericas
Desking, benching, systems and storageDesking, benching, systems and storage$244.3 $310.7 $429.4 $479.1 Desking, benching, systems and storage$260.3 $185.1 
SeatingSeating165.5 195.0 283.7 291.5 Seating156.2 118.2 
Other (1)Other (1)113.5 125.5 186.5 194.5 Other (1)104.3 73.0 
EMEAEMEAEMEA
Desking, benching, systems and storageDesking, benching, systems and storage41.7 47.9 96.5 91.8 Desking, benching, systems and storage55.7 54.8 
SeatingSeating55.7 45.8 89.6 76.8 Seating53.3 33.9 
Other (1)Other (1)41.5 32.2 76.4 56.8 Other (1)47.4 34.9 
OtherOtherOther
Desking, benching, systems and storageDesking, benching, systems and storage14.5 10.4 25.3 21.1 Desking, benching, systems and storage11.7 10.8 
SeatingSeating16.2 18.7 30.7 30.9 Seating17.4 14.5 
Other (1)Other (1)31.9 32.6 63.3 59.1 Other (1)34.4 31.4 
$724.8 $818.8 $1,281.4 $1,301.6 $740.7 $556.6 
_______________________________________
(1)The Otherother product category data consists primarily of products sold by consolidated dealers, textiles and surface materials, worktools, architecture technology and other uncategorized product lines and services.services, less promotions and incentives on all product categories.

Reportable geographic information is as follows:
Reportable Geographic RevenueReportable Geographic RevenueThree Months EndedSix Months EndedReportable Geographic RevenueThree Months Ended
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
Reportable Geographic RevenueMay 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
United StatesUnited States$493.5 $597.6 $852.8 $921.1 United States$501.8 $359.3 
Foreign locationsForeign locations231.3 221.2 428.6 380.5 Foreign locations238.9 197.3 
$724.8 $818.8 $1,281.4 $1,301.6 $740.7 $556.6 

Contract Balances
At times, we receive payments from customers before revenue is recognized, resulting in the recognition of a contract liability (Customer deposits) presented inon the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Changes in the Customer deposits balance during the sixthree months ended AugustMay 27, 20212022 are as follows:
Customer Deposits
Balance as of February 26, 202125, 2022$33.753.4 
Recognition of revenue related to beginning of year customer deposits(25.7)(37.0)
Customer deposits received, net of revenue recognized during the period39.433.1 
Balance as of AugustMay 27, 20212022$47.449.5 
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STEELCASE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
4.EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
Earnings (loss) per share is computed using the two-class method. The two-class method determines earnings (loss) per share for each class of common stock and participating securities according to dividends or dividend equivalents and their respective participation rights in undistributed earnings. Participating securities represent restricted stock units in which the participants have non-forfeitable rights to dividend equivalents during the performance period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share includes the effects of certain performance units in which the participants have forfeitable rights to dividend equivalents during the performance period.
Computation of Earnings (Loss) Per ShareComputation of Earnings (Loss) Per ShareThree Months Ended August 27, 2021Three Months Ended August 28, 2020Computation of Earnings (Loss) Per ShareThree Months Ended May 27, 2022Three Months Ended May 28, 2021
Net Income (Loss)Basic Shares
(in millions)
Diluted Shares
(in millions)
Net Income (Loss)Basic Shares
(in millions)
Diluted Shares
(in millions)
Net LossBasic Shares
(in millions)
Diluted Shares
(in millions)
Net LossBasic Shares
(in millions)
Diluted Shares
(in millions)
Amounts used in calculating earnings (loss) per shareAmounts used in calculating earnings (loss) per share$24.7 118.0 118.6 $55.5 117.6 117.8 Amounts used in calculating earnings (loss) per share$(11.4)116.7 116.7 $(28.1)118.3 118.3 
Impact of participating securitiesImpact of participating securities(0.6)(3.1)(3.1)(1.3)(2.8)(2.8)Impact of participating securities0.4 (4.0)(4.0)0.6 (2.7)(2.7)
Amounts used in calculating earnings (loss) per share, excluding participating securitiesAmounts used in calculating earnings (loss) per share, excluding participating securities$24.1 114.9 115.5 $54.2 114.8 115.0 Amounts used in calculating earnings (loss) per share, excluding participating securities$(11.0)112.7 112.7 $(27.5)115.6 115.6 
Earnings (loss) per shareEarnings (loss) per share$0.21 $0.21 $0.47 $0.47 Earnings (loss) per share$(0.10)$(0.10)$(0.24)$(0.24)
There were no0.4 and 0.5 anti-dilutive performance units excluded from the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share for the three months ended AugustMay 27, 2022 and May 28, 2021, and August 28, 2020.
Computation of Earnings (Loss) Per ShareSix Months Ended August 27, 2021Six Months Ended August 28, 2020
Net Income (Loss)Basic Shares
(in millions)
Diluted Shares
(in millions)
Net Income (Loss)Basic Shares
(in millions)
Diluted Shares
(in millions)
Amounts used in calculating earnings (loss) per share$(3.4)118.1 118.1 $17.4 117.4 117.6 
Impact of participating securities0.1 (2.9)(2.9)(0.4)(2.4)(2.4)
Amounts used in calculating earnings (loss) per share, excluding participating securities$(3.3)115.2 115.2 $17.0 115.0 115.2 
Earnings (loss) per share$(0.03)$(0.03)$0.15 $0.15 
There were 0.5 million anti-dilutive performance units excluded from the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share for the six months ended August 27, 2021 and none for the six months ended August 28, 2020.respectively.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
5.ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated balances of other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended AugustMay 27, 2021:2022:
Unrealized gain (loss) on investmentsPension and other post-retirement liability adjustmentsDerivative amortizationForeign currency translation adjustmentsTotal
Balance as of May 28, 2021$0.5 $(6.7)$(7.4)$(25.2)$(38.8)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications— 0.4 — (12.7)(12.3)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)— — 0.2 — 0.2 
Net other comprehensive income (loss) during the period— 0.4 0.2 (12.7)(12.1)
Balance as of August 27, 2021$0.5 $(6.3)$(7.2)$(37.9)$(50.9)
The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated balances of other comprehensive income (loss) for the six months ended August 27, 2021:
Unrealized gain (loss) on investmentsPension and other post-retirement liability adjustmentsDerivative amortizationForeign currency translation adjustmentsTotalUnrealized gain (loss) on investmentsPension and other post-retirement liability adjustmentsDerivative amortizationForeign currency translation adjustmentsTotal
Balance as of February 26, 2021$0.3 $(6.6)$(7.6)$(26.1)$(40.0)
Balance as of February 25, 2022Balance as of February 25, 2022$0.3 $5.2 $(6.7)$(49.4)$(50.6)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassificationsOther comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications0.2 0.4 — (11.8)(11.2)Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(0.3)0.5 — (18.6)(18.4)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)— (0.1)0.4 — 0.3 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)— (0.3)0.3 — — 
Net other comprehensive income (loss) during the periodNet other comprehensive income (loss) during the period0.2 0.3 0.4 (11.8)(10.9)Net other comprehensive income (loss) during the period(0.3)0.2 0.3 (18.6)(18.4)
Balance as of August 27, 2021$0.5 $(6.3)$(7.2)$(37.9)$(50.9)
Balance as of May 27, 2022Balance as of May 27, 2022$— $5.4 $(6.4)$(68.0)$(69.0)


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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
The following table provides details about reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended AugustMay 27, 20212022 and AugustMay 28, 2020:2021:

Detail of Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components
Detail of Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Affected Line in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of OperationsDetail of Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Affected Line in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
Three Months EndedSix Months EndedDetail of Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components
Three Months EndedAffected Line in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
Detail of Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components
May 27,
2022
Affected Line in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
Amortization of pension and other post-retirement actuarial losses (gains)Amortization of pension and other post-retirement actuarial losses (gains)$— $(0.3)$(0.1)$(0.6)Other income, netAmortization of pension and other post-retirement actuarial losses (gains)$(0.4)Other income (expense), net
Prior service cost (credit)— (0.1)— (0.1)Other income, net
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense— 0.1 — 0.2 Income tax expense (benefit)Income tax expense0.1 — Income tax benefit
— (0.3)(0.1)(0.5)(0.3)(0.1)
Derivative amortizationDerivative amortization0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 Interest expenseDerivative amortization0.4 0.3 Interest expense
Income tax benefitIncome tax benefit(0.1)(0.1)(0.2)(0.2)Income tax expense (benefit)Income tax benefit(0.1)(0.1)Income tax benefit
0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 
Total reclassificationsTotal reclassifications$0.2 $(0.1)$0.3 $(0.1)Total reclassifications$— $0.1 

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
6.FAIR VALUE
The carrying amounts for many of our financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts and notes receivable, accounts and notes payable, short-term borrowings and certain other liabilities, approximate their fair value due to their relatively short maturities. Our foreign exchange forward contracts and long-term investments are measured at fair value inon the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Our total debt is carried at cost and was $484.5$482.4 and $483.9$482.5 as of AugustMay 27, 20212022 and February 26, 2021,25, 2022, respectively. The fair value of our total debt is measured using a discounted cash flow analysis based on current market interest rates for similar types of instruments and was $565.8$451.0 and $568.1$516.7 as of AugustMay 27, 20212022 and February 26, 2021,25, 2022, respectively. The estimation of the fair value of our total debt is based on Level 2 fair value measurements.
We periodically use derivative financial instruments to manage exposures to movements in foreign exchange rates and interest rates. The use of these financial instruments modifies the exposure of these risks with the intention to reduce our risk of short-term volatility. We do not use derivatives for speculative or trading purposes.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of AugustMay 27, 20212022 and February 26, 202125, 2022 are summarized below:
August 27, 2021 May 27, 2022
Fair Value of Financial InstrumentsFair Value of Financial InstrumentsLevel 1Level 2Level 3TotalFair Value of Financial InstrumentsLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets:Assets:    Assets:    
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$360.7 $— $— $360.7 Cash and cash equivalents$116.7 $— $— $116.7 
Restricted cashRestricted cash6.3 — — 6.3 Restricted cash5.9 — — 5.9 
Foreign exchange forward contractsForeign exchange forward contracts— 0.6 — 0.6 Foreign exchange forward contracts— 2.3 — 2.3 
Auction rate securityAuction rate security— — 2.8 2.8 Auction rate security— — 2.2 2.2 
$367.0 $0.6 $2.8 $370.4  $122.6 $2.3 $2.2 $127.1 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Foreign exchange forward contractsForeign exchange forward contracts$— $(0.3)$— $(0.3)Foreign exchange forward contracts$— $(0.3)$— $(0.3)
$— $(0.3)$— $(0.3) $— $(0.3)$— $(0.3)
February 26, 2021 February 25, 2022
Fair Value of Financial InstrumentsFair Value of Financial InstrumentsLevel 1Level 2Level 3TotalFair Value of Financial InstrumentsLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets:Assets:    Assets:    
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$489.8 $— $— $489.8 Cash and cash equivalents$200.9 $— $— $200.9 
Restricted cashRestricted cash5.8 — — 5.8 Restricted cash6.1 — — 6.1 
Foreign exchange forward contractsForeign exchange forward contracts— 1.1 — 1.1 Foreign exchange forward contracts— 1.0 — 1.0 
Auction rate securityAuction rate security— — 2.6 2.6 Auction rate security— — 2.6 2.6 
$495.6 $1.1 $2.6 $499.3  $207.0 $1.0 $2.6 $210.6 
Liabilities:Liabilities:    Liabilities:    
Foreign exchange forward contractsForeign exchange forward contracts$— $(0.8)$— $(0.8)Foreign exchange forward contracts$— $(0.3)$— $(0.3)
$— $(0.8)$— $(0.8) $— $(0.3)$— $(0.3)

Below is a roll-forward of assets and liabilities measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs for the sixthree months ended AugustMay 27, 2021:2022:

Roll-Forward of Fair Value Using Level 3 InputsAuction Rate Security
Balance as of February 26, 202125, 2022$2.6 
Unrealized gain on investment0.2 (0.4)
Balance as of AugustMay 27, 20212022$2.82.2 
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
7.INVENTORIES
InventoriesInventoriesAugust 27,
2021
February 26,
2021
InventoriesMay 27,
2022
February 25,
2022
Raw materials and work-in-processRaw materials and work-in-process$139.5 $126.0 Raw materials and work-in-process$234.9 $208.2 
Finished goodsFinished goods118.3 86.4 Finished goods168.0 146.9 
257.8 212.4  402.9 355.1 
Revaluation to LIFORevaluation to LIFO24.4 18.9 Revaluation to LIFO30.9 28.9 
$233.4 $193.5  $372.0 $326.2 

The portion of inventories determined by the LIFO method was $102.1$165.7 and $89.1$141.4 as of AugustMay 27, 20212022 and February 26, 2021,25, 2022, respectively.
8.     SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
Performance Units
We have issued performance units (“PSUs”) to certain employees which are earned over a three-year performance period based on performance conditions established annually by the Compensation Committee within the first three months of the applicable fiscal year. The PSUs are then modified based on achievement of certain total shareholder return results relative to a comparison group of companies, which is a market condition. When the performance conditions for a fiscal year are established, or if the performance conditions involve a qualitative assessment and such assessment has been made, one-third of the PSUs issued are considered granted. Therefore, each of the three fiscal years within the performance period is considered an individual tranche of the award (referred to as "Tranche 1," "Tranche 2" and "Tranche 3," respectively).
As of AugustMay 27, 2021,2022, the following PSUs have been issued and remained outstanding:
428,700 PSUs to be earned over the period of 2023 through 2025 (the "2023 PSUs"),
448,300 PSUs to be earned over a three-year performancethe period of 2022 through 2024 (the "2022 PSUs"), and
529,500 PSUs to be earned over a three-year performancethe period of 2021 through 2023 (the "2021 PSUs") and
296,600 PSUs to be earned over a three-year performance period of 2020 through 2022 (the "2020 PSUs").
In Q1 2022, the performance conditions were established for Tranche 1 of the 2022 PSUs, Tranche 2 of the 2021 PSUs and Tranche 3 of the 2020 PSUs. Accordingly, one-third of each of these PSUs were considered granted in Q1 2022.
In Q1 2021, the performance conditions were established for Tranche 1 of the 2021 PSUs and Tranche 2 of the 2020 PSUs. These performance conditions involved a qualitative assessment which was made by the Compensation Committee in Q4 2021. Accordingly, one-third of each of these PSUs were considered granted in Q4 2021.
In Q1 2020, the performance conditions were established for Tranche 1 of the 2020 PSUs. Accordingly, one-third of the 2020 PSUs were considered granted in Q1 2020.
Once granted, the PSUs are expensed and recorded in Additional paid-in capital on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets over the remaining performance period. For participants who are or become retirement-eligible during the performance period, the PSUs are expensed over the period ending on the date the participant becomes retirement-eligible.
As of May 27, 2022, the 2023 PSUs, 2022 PSUs and 2021 PSUs were considered granted as follows:

In Q1 2023, the performance conditions were established for Tranche 1 of the 2023 PSUs, Tranche 2 of the 2022 PSUs and Tranche 3 of the 2021 PSUs, and accordingly, such tranches were considered granted in Q1 2023.
In Q1 2022, the performance conditions were established for Tranche 1 of the 2022 PSUs and Tranche 2 of the 2021 PSUs, and accordingly, such tranches were considered granted in Q1 2022.
In Q1 2021, the performance conditions were established for Tranche 1 of the 2021 PSUs, and accordingly, such tranche was considered granted in Q1 2021.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
We used the Monte Carlo simulation model to calculate the fair value of the market conditions on the respective grant dates, which resulted in a total fair value of $6.1, $3.7$5.2, $4.8 and $1.6$2.3 for the PSUs with market conditions granted in 2023, 2022 and 2021, and 2020, respectively.respectively, that remain outstanding as of May 27, 2022. The Monte Carlo simulation was computed using the following assumptions:
FY22 AwardFY21 AwardFY20 AwardFY23 AwardFY22 AwardFY21 Award
Tranche 1Tranche 2Tranche 1Tranche 3Tranche 2Tranche 1Tranche 1Tranche 2Tranche 1Tranche 3Tranche 2Tranche 1
Risk-free interest rate (1)Risk-free interest rate (1)0.3 %0.2 %0.2 %0.1 %0.1 %2.3 %Risk-free interest rate (1)2.6 %2.3 %0.3 %1.6 %0.2 %0.2 %
Expected termExpected term3 years2 years2 years1 year1 year3 yearsExpected term3 years2 years3 years1 year2 years2 years
Estimated volatility (2)Estimated volatility (2)53.5 %61.3 %58.1 %56.1 %74.1 %32.5 %Estimated volatility (2)52.2 %43.8 %53.5 %28.7 %61.3 %58.1 %

(1)Based on the U.S. Government bond benchmark on the grant date.
(2)Represents the historical price volatility of our Class A Common Stock for the three-year period.period preceding the grant date.
The total PSU expense and associated tax benefit for all outstanding awardsrecorded during the three months ended May 27, 2022 and May 28, 2021 are as follows:
 Three Months Ended
Performance UnitsMay 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
Expense$4.1 $5.2 
Tax benefit1.0 1.3 
The PSU activity for the three and six months ended AugustMay 27, 2021 and August 28, 2020 are2022 is as follows:
 Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
Performance UnitsAugust 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
Expense$0.4 $0.1 $5.6 $0.3 
Tax benefit0.1 — 1.4 0.1 
Maximum Number of Shares of Nonvested UnitsTotalWeighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
per Unit
Nonvested as of February 25, 20221,205,833 $14.21 
Granted1,125,192 11.13 
Nonvested as of May 27, 20222,331,025 $12.72 
As of AugustMay 27, 2021,2022, there was $1.0$1.5 of remaining unrecognized compensation expensecost related to granted nonvested PSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 1.82.2 years.
The PSU activity for the six months ended August 27, 2021 is as follows:
Maximum Number of Shares That May Be Issued Under Nonvested UnitsTotalWeighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
per Unit
Nonvested as of February 26, 2021898,156 $14.06 
Granted1,019,517 14.38 
Nonvested as of August 27, 20211,917,673 $14.23 
Restricted Stock Units
During the sixthree months ended AugustMay 27, 2021,2022, we awarded 839,8181,008,424 restricted stock units ("RSUs") to certain employees. RSUs have restrictions on transfer which lapse one to three years after the date of grant, at which time the RSUs will be issued as unrestricted shares of Class A Common Stock. RSUs are expensed and recorded in Additional paid-in capital on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets over the requisite service period based on the value of the shares on the date of grant.grant date. For participants who are or become retirement-eligible during the service period for awards that are considered retirement-eligible, the RSUs are expensed over the period ending on the date that the participant becomes retirement-eligible.
The total RSU expense and associated tax benefit for all outstanding awards for the three and six months ended AugustMay 27, 20212022 and AugustMay 28, 20202021 are as follows:
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended Three Months Ended
Restricted Stock UnitsRestricted Stock UnitsAugust 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
Restricted Stock UnitsMay 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
ExpenseExpense$1.5 $1.4 $9.2 $9.0 Expense$7.9 $7.7 
Tax benefitTax benefit0.4 0.4 2.3 2.3 Tax benefit2.0 1.9 
As of August 27, 2021, there was $8.9 of remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
The RSU activity for the sixthree months ended AugustMay 27, 20212022 is as follows:
Nonvested UnitsNonvested UnitsTotalWeighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
per Unit
Nonvested UnitsTotalWeighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
per Unit
Nonvested as of February 26, 20212,285,965 $12.11 
Nonvested as of February 25, 2022Nonvested as of February 25, 20223,445,438 $11.86 
GrantedGranted839,818 14.45 Granted1,008,424 11.21 
VestedVested(16,559)14.00 Vested(10,500)14.27 
ForfeitedForfeited(48,220)12.57 Forfeited(10,200)14.37 
Nonvested as of August 27, 20213,061,004 $12.74 
Nonvested as of May 27, 2022Nonvested as of May 27, 20224,433,162 $11.70 
As of May 27, 2022, there was $22.1 of remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.

9.     LEASES
We have operating leases for corporate offices, sales offices, showrooms, manufacturing and distribution facilities, vehicles and equipment that expire at various dates through 2031.2035. Certain lease agreements include contingent rental payments based on per unit usage over contractual levels (e.g., miles driven or machine hours used) and others include rental payments adjusted periodically for inflationary indexes. Additionally, some leases include options to renew or terminate the leases which can be exercised at our discretion.
The components of lease expense for the three months ended May 27, 2022 and May 28, 2021 are as follows:
Three Months EndedSix Months EndedThree Months Ended
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
May 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
Operating lease costOperating lease cost$13.2 $12.9 $26.3 $26.0 Operating lease cost$12.1 $13.1 
Sublease rental incomeSublease rental income(0.5)(0.6)(0.9)(0.9)Sublease rental income(0.6)(0.4)
$12.7 $12.3 $25.4 $25.1 $11.5 $12.7 
Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases for the three months ended May 27, 2022 and May 28, 2021 are as follows:
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
Cash flow information:
Operating cash flows used for operating leases$13.4 $12.1 $26.8 $24.7 
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease obligations$15.7 $1.4 $17.3 $1.9 
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
Other information:
Weighted-average remaining term6.2 years6.8 years
Weighted-average discount rate3.7 %4.0 %

Three Months Ended
May 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
Cash flow information:
Operating cash flows used for operating leases$13.5 $13.4 
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease obligations$3.2 $1.6 
Other information:
Weighted-average remaining term5.8 years6.5 years
Weighted-average discount rate3.6 %3.8 %







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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

The following table summarizes the future minimum lease payments as of AugustMay 27, 2021:2022:
Fiscal year ending in FebruaryFiscal year ending in FebruaryAmount (1)Fiscal year ending in FebruaryAmount (1)
2022$26.1 
2023202348.4 2023$38.6 
2024202443.5 202446.3 
2025202541.2 202544.4 
2026202632.9 202633.4 
2027202726.8 
ThereafterThereafter73.3 Thereafter49.4 
Total lease paymentsTotal lease payments$265.4 Total lease payments$238.9 
Less: InterestLess: Interest28.7 Less: Interest23.5 
Present value of lease liabilitiesPresent value of lease liabilities$236.7 Present value of lease liabilities$215.4 

(1)Lease payments include options to extend lease terms that are reasonably certain of being exercised. The payments exclude legally binding minimum lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced.
10.ACQUISITIONS
Viccarbe
In Q3 2022, we acquired Viccarbe, a Spanish designer of contemporary furniture for high-performance collaborative and social spaces. The transaction included the purchase of all the outstanding capital stock of Viccarbe for $34.9 (or €30.0) in an all-cash transaction using cash on-hand. Up to an additional $15.1 (or €13.0) is payable to the sellers based upon the achievement of certain sales and operating income targets over a three-year period. This amount was determined to be contingent consideration and was treated for accounting purposes as part of the total purchase price of the acquisition. We used the Monte Carlo simulation model to calculate the fair value of the contingent consideration as of the acquisition date, which represents a Level 3 measurement. As a result, we recorded a related liability of $4.9 (or €4.2). An additional amount of $7.0 (or €6.0) is also payable to the sellers based upon the achievement of certain milestones and continued employment over a five-year period, which will be expensed over the service period on a straight-line basis.
Tangible assets and liabilities of Viccarbe were valued as of the acquisition date using a market analysis and intangible assets were valued using a discounted cash flow analysis, which represents a Level 3 measurement. On the acquisition date, we recorded $11.7 related to identifiable intangible assets, $25.8 related to goodwill and $5.1 related to tangible assets. The tangible assets mainly consisted of working capital (primarily accounts receivable, inventory and accounts payable) and property, plant and equipment. Additionally, we recorded a deferred tax liability in the amount of $2.9 associated with the tax basis difference in acquired book assets. The goodwill was recorded in the EMEA segment and is not deductible for income tax purposes in Spain. The goodwill resulting from the acquisition is primarily related to the growth potential of Viccarbe and our intention to expand the manufacturing of Viccarbe products in geographic regions outside of EMEA and to offer Viccarbe products through our global distribution network. Intangible assets are principally related to the Viccarbe trade name, dealer relationships and internally developed know-how and designs, which will be amortized over periods ranging from 9 to 13 years from the date of acquisition. The purchase price allocation for the acquisition was incomplete as of May 27, 2022. We are still evaluating certain deferred tax balances and working capital adjustments. The amounts recognized related to the purchase price allocation will be finalized no later than one year after the acquisition date.
The following table summarizes the purchased identified intangible assets and the respective fair value and useful life of each asset at the date of acquisition:
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Other Intangible Assets
Useful Life
(Years)
Fair Value
Trademark9.0$4.6 
Dealer relationships13.03.8 
Know-how/designs9.03.3 
$11.7 
The fair value of the purchased intangible assets will be amortized on a straight-line basis over its remaining useful life. The following table summarizes the estimated future amortization expense for the next five years as of May 27, 2022:
Fiscal Year Ending in FebruaryAmount
2023$0.8 
20241.1 
20251.1 
20261.1 
20271.1 
$5.2 
11.     REPORTABLE SEGMENTS
Our reportable segments consist of the Americas segment, the EMEA segment and the Other category. Unallocated corporate expenses are reported as Corporate.
The Americas segment serves customers in the U.S., Canada, the Caribbean Islands and Latin America with a comprehensive portfolio of furniture architectural and technologyarchitectural products marketed to corporate, government, healthcare, education and retail customers through the Steelcase, Coalesse, AMQ, Smith System, AMQOrangebox and OrangeboxViccarbe brands.
The EMEA segment serves customers in Europe, the Middle East and Africa primarily under the Steelcase, Coalesse, Orangebox and CoalesseViccarbe brands, with a comprehensive portfolio of furniture architectural and technologyarchitectural products.
The Other category includes Asia Pacific and Designtex. Asia Pacific serves customers in Australia, China, India, Japan, Korea and other countries in Southeast Asia primarily under the Steelcase brand with a comprehensive portfolio of furniture architectural and technologyarchitectural products. Designtex primarily sells textiles, wall coverings and surface imaging solutions specified by architects and designers directly to end-use customers through a direct sales force primarily in North America.
We primarily review and evaluate revenue and operating income by segment in both our internal review processes and for our external financial reporting. We also allocate resources primarily based on revenue and operating income. Total assets by segment include manufacturing and other assets associated with each segment.
Corporate costs include unallocated portions of shared service functions such as information technology, corporate facilities, finance, human resources, research, legal and customer aviation, plus deferred compensation expense and income or losses associated with COLI. Corporate assets consist primarily of unallocated cash and cash equivalents, COLI, fixed assets, investments in unconsolidated affiliates and right-of-use assets related to operating leases.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Revenue and operating income (loss) for the three and six months ended AugustMay 27, 20212022 and AugustMay 28, 20202021 and total assets as of AugustMay 27, 20212022 and February 26, 202125, 2022 by segment are presented in the following table:
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended Three Months Ended
Reportable Segment Statement of Operations DataReportable Segment Statement of Operations DataAugust 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
Reportable Segment Statement of Operations DataMay 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
RevenueRevenue  Revenue  
AmericasAmericas$523.3 $631.2 $899.6 $965.1 Americas$520.8 $376.3 
EMEAEMEA138.9 125.9 262.5 225.4 EMEA156.4 123.6 
OtherOther62.6 61.7 119.3 111.1 Other63.5 56.7 
$724.8 $818.8 $1,281.4 $1,301.6  $740.7 $556.6 
Operating income (loss)Operating income (loss)  Operating income (loss)  
AmericasAmericas$44.7 $94.6 $29.7 $71.1 Americas$(1.2)$(15.0)
EMEAEMEA(1.6)(3.5)(7.3)(28.1)EMEA1.3 (5.7)
OtherOther(4.2)1.1 (9.5)(0.5)Other(2.9)(5.3)
CorporateCorporate(5.0)(3.6)(10.8)(6.2)Corporate(9.8)(5.8)
$33.9 $88.6 $2.1 $36.3  $(12.6)$(31.8)
Reportable Segment Balance Sheet DataReportable Segment Balance Sheet DataAugust 27,
2021
February 26,
2021
Reportable Segment Balance Sheet DataMay 27,
2022
February 25,
2022
Total assetsTotal assets  Total assets  
AmericasAmericas$1,093.9 $1,015.3 Americas$1,143.0 $1,110.4 
EMEAEMEA420.7 414.4 EMEA454.9 475.2 
OtherOther212.9 211.3 Other219.8 227.6 
CorporateCorporate586.0 713.0 Corporate369.1 447.8 
$2,313.5 $2,354.0  $2,186.8 $2,261.0 
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STEELCASE INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

12.     RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES
In Q4 2022, our Board of Directors approved restructuring actions related to the exit of our technology business in connection with our strategy to shift from offering a portfolio of technology products toward partnering with technology companies to create integrated collaborative solutions. The restructuring actions include involuntary terminations of the majority of salaried employees of the business and the termination of supplier and customer contracts related to the business. We expect to incur approximately $5 in restructuring costs in the Americas segment related to these actions, consisting of cash severance payments and payment of other business exit costs. We recorded $1.8 related to employee termination costs and $2.4 related to business exit and other related costs in Q1 2023 for actions initiated during the quarter. We expect all of the actions to be completed by the end of Q3 2023.

The following table details the changes in the restructuring reserve balance as of May 27, 2022:
Workforce reductionsBusiness exit and related costsTotal
Balance as of February 25, 2022$— $— $— 
Restructuring costs1.8 2.4 4.2 
Payments(1.5)(1.5)(3.0)
Balance as of May 27, 2022$0.3 $0.9 $1.2 
13.    SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On June 10, 2022, we acquired Halcon Furniture LLC ("Halcon"), a Minnesota-based designer and manufacturer of precision-tailored wood furniture for the workplace. The transaction included the purchase of all the outstanding membership interests of Halcon for $127.5 plus an adjustment of $3.1 for working capital in an all-cash transaction. Up to an additional $9.5 is payable to the seller, contingent upon the achievement of certain performance targets and continued employment of the seller over a specified period. The acquisition was funded using a combination of cash on-hand and borrowings under our global committed bank facility.
To fund a portion of the acquisition of Halcon, on June 9, 2022, we borrowed $35.0 under our global committed bank facility subject to an effective interest rate of 2.75%, and on June 10, 2022, we borrowed an additional $33.0 under our global committed bank facility subject to an effective interest rate of 2.32%. We repaid a total of $18.2 related to these borrowings as of June 24, 2022.
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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations:
This management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations ("MD&A") should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 26, 2021.25, 2022. Reference to a year relates to the fiscal year, ended in February of the year indicated, rather than the calendar year, unless indicated by a specific date. Additionally, Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 reference the first, second, third and fourth quarter, respectively, of the fiscal year indicated. All amounts are in millions, except share and per share data, data presented as a percentage or as otherwise indicated.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
This item contains certain non-GAAP financial measures. A “non-GAAP financial measure” is defined as a numerical measure of a company’s financial performance that excludes or includes amounts so as to be different than the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, balance sheets or statements of cash flows of the company. The non-GAAP financial measures used are (1) organic revenue growth, (2) adjusted operating income (loss) and (3) adjusted earnings (loss) per share. Pursuant to the requirements of Regulation G, we have provided a reconciliation belowof each of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.
Themeasure in the tables below. These measures are supplemental to, and should be used in conjunction with, the most comparable GAAP measures. Management uses these non-GAAP financial measures used are (1) organic revenue growth (decline), which represents the change in revenue excluding the impacts of acquisitions and divestitures and estimated currency translation effects, and (2) adjusted operating income (loss), which represents operating income (loss) excluding goodwill impairment charges and restructuring costs. These measures are presented because management uses this information to monitor and evaluate financial results and trends. Therefore,See Non-GAAP Financial Measures for a description of these measures and why management believes this information isthey are also useful forto investors.
Financial Summary

Our reportable segments consist of the Americas segment, the EMEA segment and the Other category. Unallocated corporate expenses are reported as Corporate.
Results of Operations
 Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
Statement of Operations DataAugust 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
Revenue$724.8 100.0 %$818.8 100.0 %$1,281.4 100.0 %$1,301.6 100.0 %
Cost of sales518.0 71.5 542.3 66.3 919.9 71.8 902.4 69.4 
Restructuring costs— — 6.9 0.8 — — 6.9 0.5 
Gross profit206.8 28.5 269.6 32.9 361.5 28.2 392.3 30.1 
Operating expenses172.9 23.8 172.3 21.0 359.4 28.0 329.7 25.3 
Goodwill impairment charge— — — — — — 17.6 1.4 
Restructuring costs— — 8.7 1.1 — — 8.7 0.6 
Operating income33.9 4.7 88.6 10.8 2.1 0.2 36.3 2.8 
Interest expense(6.4)(0.9)(6.8)(0.8)(12.8)(1.0)(14.1)(1.1)
Investment income0.1 — 0.2 — 0.3 — 1.0 0.1 
Other income, net1.8 0.2 0.8 0.1 1.0 0.1 4.8 0.4 
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)29.4 4.0 82.8 10.1 (9.4)(0.7)28.0 2.2 
Income tax expense (benefit)4.7 0.6 27.3 3.3 (6.0)(0.4)10.6 0.9 
Net income (loss)$24.7 3.4 %$55.5 6.8 %$(3.4)(0.3)%$17.4 1.3 %
Earnings (loss) per share:    
Basic$0.21  $0.47  $(0.03) $0.15   
Diluted$0.21  $0.47  $(0.03) $0.15   
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Q2 2022 Organic Revenue Growth (Decline)AmericasEMEAOtherConsolidated
Q2 2021 revenue$631.2 $125.9 $61.7 $818.8 
Dealer acquisition13.1 — — 13.1 
Currency translation effects*2.1 6.3 1.4 9.8 
Q2 2021 revenue, adjusted646.4 132.2 63.1 841.7 
Q2 2022 revenue523.3 138.9 62.6 724.8 
Organic growth (decline) $$(123.1)$6.7 $(0.5)$(116.9)
Organic growth (decline) %(19)%%(1)%(14)%
* Currency translation effects represent the estimated net effect of translating Q2 2021 foreign currency revenues using the average exchange rates during Q2 2022.

Year-to-date 2022 Organic Revenue Growth (Decline)AmericasEMEAOtherConsolidated
Year-to-date 2021 revenue$965.1 $225.4 $111.1 $1,301.6 
Dealer acquisition25.9 — — 25.9 
Currency translation effects*4.2 16.4 3.2 23.8 
Year-to-date 2021 revenue, adjusted995.2 241.8 114.3 1,351.3 
Year-to-date 2022 revenue899.6 262.5 119.3 1,281.4 
Organic growth (decline) $$(95.6)$20.7 $5.0 $(69.9)
Organic growth (decline) %(10)%%%(5)%
* Currency translation effects represent the estimated net effect of translating 2021 foreign currency revenues using the average exchange rates during 2022.

Reconciliation of Operating Income to Adjusted Operating IncomeThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
Operating income$33.9 4.7 %$88.6 10.8 %$2.1 0.2 %$36.3 2.8 %
Add: Goodwill impairment charge— — — — — — 17.6 1.4 
Add: Restructuring costs— — 15.6 1.9 — — 15.6 1.1 
Adjusted operating income$33.9 4.7 %$104.2 12.7 %$2.1 0.2 %$69.5 5.3 %
Overview

During Q2 2022, we continued to see strengthening demand, and orders grew 24% compared to the prior year and 12% compared to Q1 2022. Revenue in the Americas in Q2 2021 benefited from strong beginning order backlog due to pandemic-related restrictions on manufacturing and delivery activities during Q1 2021. Revenue in the Americas in Q2 2022 was negatively impacted by at least $40 due to shipment delays caused by supply chain disruptions. During the quarter, our pipeline of project opportunities and requests for proposals in the Americas declined compared to Q1 2022 as recent trends in the COVID-19 pandemic caused some companies to delay their return to the office.
Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue increased by 520 basis points in Q2 2022 compared to the prior year. The increase was driven by lower revenue, significant inflation in steel and other commodities, and freight cost inefficiencies due to supply chain disruptions. We expect the inflationary pressures from steel and other commodities to continue to impact our cost of sales through 2022, but we expect our recent price increases to more fully offset these costs in 2023.
Q2 2022 Compared to Q2 2021
We recorded net income of $24.7 and diluted earnings per share of $0.21 in Q2 2022 compared to net income of $55.5 and diluted earnings per share of $0.47 in the prior year. The prior year results included restructuring costs in the Americas, which decreased net income by $9.5 and diluted earnings per share by $0.08. Operating income of $33.9 in Q2 2022 decreased by $54.7 compared to the prior year, which included $15.6 of restructuring costs. The decrease was driven by lower revenue in the Americas and higher cost of sales as a percentage of revenue.
 Three Months Ended
Statement of Operations DataMay 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
Revenue$740.7 100.0 %$556.6 100.0 %
Cost of sales548.2 74.0 401.9 72.2 
Restructuring costs0.9 0.1 — — 
Gross profit191.6 25.9 154.7 27.8 
Operating expenses200.9 27.1 186.5 33.5 
Restructuring costs3.3 0.5 — — 
Operating loss(12.6)(1.7)(31.8)(5.7)
Interest expense(6.4)(0.9)(6.4)(1.1)
Investment income0.1 — 0.2 — 
Other income (expense), net3.1 0.5 (0.8)(0.2)
Loss before income tax benefit(15.8)(2.1)(38.8)(7.0)
Income tax benefit(4.4)(0.6)(10.7)(2.0)
Net loss$(11.4)(1.5)%$(28.1)(5.0)%
Earnings (loss) per share:    
Basic$(0.10) $(0.24) 
Diluted$(0.10) $(0.24) 
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Q1 2023 Organic Revenue GrowthAmericasEMEAOtherConsolidated
Q1 2022 revenue$376.3 $123.6 $56.7 $556.6 
Acquisition1.0 2.5 — 3.5 
Currency translation effects(0.5)(11.5)(0.6)(12.6)
Q1 2022 revenue, adjusted376.8 114.6 56.1 547.5 
Q1 2023 revenue520.8 156.4 63.5 740.7 
Organic growth $$144.0 $41.8 $7.4 $193.2 
Organic growth %38 %36 %13 %35 %

Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)Three Months Ended
May 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
Operating loss$(12.6)(1.7)%$(31.8)(5.7)%
Amortization of purchased intangible assets3.8 0.5 3.6 0.6 
Restructuring costs4.2 0.6 — — 
Adjusted operating loss$(4.6)(0.6)%$(28.2)(5.1)%

Adjusted Earnings (Loss) Per ShareThree Months Ended
May 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
Earnings (loss) per share$(0.10)$(0.24)
Amortization of purchased intangible assets, per share0.03 0.03 
Income tax effect of amortization of purchased intangible assets, per share(0.01)(0.01)
Restructuring costs, per share0.04 — 
Income tax effect of restructuring costs, per share(0.01)— 
Adjusted earnings (loss) per share$(0.05)$(0.22)
Overview

Revenue grew by 33% in Q1 2023 compared to the prior year, driven by strong beginning order backlog and pricing benefits, as well as broad-based order growth in the Americas and EMEA segments. Orders grew 22% compared to the prior year, and at the end of $724.8Q1 2023, our backlog of customer orders was approximately $927, which was 52% higher than the prior year.
We continue to experience significant inflation in Q2 2022 represented a decreasesteel, other commodities, fuel and logistics costs, which, net of $94.0 or 11%pricing benefits, decreased our gross profit by approximately $12 in Q1 2023 compared to the prior year. Revenue declined by 17%In response to these continued inflationary pressures, we recently announced an additional global list price increase and a surcharge in the Americas, while revenue grew by 10%Americas.
We recorded a net loss of $11.4 and loss per share of $0.10 in EMEA and 1% in the Other categoryQ1 2023 compared to the prior year. Revenuea net loss of $28.1 and loss per share of $0.24 in the Americas in Q2 2021 benefited from strong beginning order backlog due to pandemic-related restrictions during Q1 2021. Revenue in the Americas in Q2 2022 was negatively impacted by at least $40 due to shipment delays caused by supply chain disruptions. After adjusting for a $13.1 impact from a dealer acquisition and $9.8 of currency translation effects, the organic revenue decline was $116.9 or 14% compared to the prior year. The organic revenue decline was 19%operating loss of $12.6 in the Americas and 1% in the Other category, while EMEA posted 5% organic revenue growthQ1 2023 represented an improvement of $19.2 compared to the prior year.
Costoperating loss of sales as a percentage of revenue increased by 520 basis points$31.8 in Q2 2022 compared to the prior year. The increaseimprovement was driven by lower revenue, approximately $20 of higher inflation costs, net of pricing benefits, and approximately $5 of higher freight cost inefficiencies due to supply chain disruptions. Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue increased by 650 basis points in the Americas and by 420 basis points in the Other category, while EMEA improved by 120 basis points.
Operating expenses of $172.9 in Q2 2022 represented an increase of $0.6 compared to the prior year. The prior year included approximately $22 of lower employee costs as a result of temporary hour and pay reductions and gains of $4.1 from the sale of land. The current year included a $15.4 gain from the sale of land, approximately $10 of benefits related to workforce reductions in the prior year and $12.4 of lower variable compensation,volume, partially offset by approximately $6 of higher discretionary spending and $3.2 from an acquisition.
Our Q2 2022 effective tax rate of 16.0%, which included $3.8 of discrete tax benefits, compared to a Q2 2021 effective tax rate of 33.0%.

Year-to-date 2022 Compared to Year-to-date 2021
We recorded a year-to-date 2022 net loss of $3.4 and a diluted loss per share of $0.03, compared to year-to-date 2021 net income of $17.4 and diluted earnings per share of $0.15. In year-to-date 2021, the results included: (1) a goodwill impairment charge related to the EMEA segment, which had the effect of decreasing net income by $17.6 and diluted earnings per share by $0.15, and (2) restructuring costs due to workforce reductions in the Americas, which had the effect of decreasing net income by $9.5 and diluted earnings per share by $0.08. Year-to-date 2022 operating income of $2.1 represented a decrease of $34.2 compared to the prior year. The decrease was due to lower revenue in the Americas, higher cost of sales as a percentage of revenue and higher operating expenses, partially offset by the impactrevenue. The current year included $4.2 of the goodwill impairment charge and restructuring costs in the prior year. ExcludingAmericas related to the impactexit of the goodwill impairment chargeour technology business. We reported an adjusted operating loss of $4.6 and restructuring costsan adjusted loss per share of $0.05 in Q1 2023, and we had an adjusted operating loss of $28.2 and an adjusted loss per share of $0.22 in the prior year, adjusted operating income decreased by $67.4year.
Revenue of $740.7 in year-to-date 2022Q1 2023 represented an increase of $184.1 or 33% compared to year-to-date 2021.
Year-to-date 2022 revenuethe prior year, driven by growth across all segments. Approximately $145 of $1,281.4 represented a decrease of $20.2 or 2% comparedthe increase was related to year-to-date 2021.higher volume and approximately $45 was related to pricing benefits, partially offset by unfavorable currency translation effects primarily in EMEA. Revenue declined 7%increased by 38% in the Americas, while revenue grew by 16%27% in EMEA and 7%12% in the Other category. After adjusting for a $25.9 impact from a dealer acquisition and $23.8 of currency translation effects, the organic revenue decline was $69.9 or 5%. The organic revenue decline was 10% in the Americas, and organicOrganic revenue growth was 9% in EMEA and 4% in the Other category.
Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue increased by 240 basis points in year-to-date 2022 compared to year-to-date 2021. The increase was driven by lower revenue, approximately $28 of higher inflation costs, net of pricing benefits, and approximately $5 of higher freight cost inefficiencies due to supply chain disruptions. Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue increased by 330 basis points in the Americas and by 430 basis points in the Other category, while EMEA improved by 210 basis points.
Operating expenses of $359.4 in year-to-date 2022 represented an increase of $29.7$193.2 or 35% compared to the prior year. The prior year, included approximately $41 of lower employee costs as a result of temporary hour and pay reductions and gains of $6.7 from the sale of land. The current year included approximately $20 of benefits related to workforce reductionswith 38% growth in the prior year, a $15.4 gain from the sale of landAmericas, 36% growth in EMEA and $6.7 of lower variable compensation (partially offset by $5.7 of higher variable compensation in Q1 2022 driven by the timing of when a portion of stock compensation expense was recorded13% growth in the prior year), partially offset by approximately $10 of increased discretionary spending and $6.0 from an acquisition.
Our year-to-date 2022 effective tax rate was 63.8% compared to a year-to-date 2021 effective tax rate of 37.9%. The year-to-date 2022 effective tax rate reflected the impact of our lower earnings and included $3.4 of discrete tax benefits. The year-to-date 2021 effective tax rate reflected the non-deductible nature of the goodwill impairment charge recorded in Q1 2021.

Other category.
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Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue increased by 180 basis points in Q1 2023 compared to the prior year. The increase was driven by approximately $12 of higher inflation, net of pricing benefits, partially offset by the benefits of higher volume. Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue increased by 250 basis points in the Americas and 60 basis points in EMEA, while the Other category improved by 100 basis points.
Operating expenses increased by $14.4 in Q1 2023, but decreased by 640 basis points as a percentage of revenue, compared to the prior year. The current year included $11.6 of higher marketing, product development and sales expenses, $6.8 of higher spending in other functional areas, $4.8 of lower COLI income and $1.9 from an acquisition, partially offset by $4.1 of lower deferred compensation expense, a $4.0 gain from the sale of land and $3.6 of favorable currency translation effects.
We recorded restructuring costs of $4.2 in the Americas in Q1 2023 related to the exit of our technology business. See Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Our Q1 2023 effective tax rate was 27.8% compared to a Q1 2022 effective tax rate of 27.6%.
Interest Expense, Investment Income and Other Income (Expense), Net
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended Three Months Ended
Interest Expense, Investment Income and Other Income, NetAugust 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
Interest Expense, Investment Income and Other Income (Expense), NetInterest Expense, Investment Income and Other Income (Expense), NetMay 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
Interest expenseInterest expense$(6.4)$(6.8)$(12.8)$(14.1)Interest expense$(6.4)$(6.4)
Investment incomeInvestment income0.1 0.2 0.3 1.0 Investment income0.1 0.2 
Other income, net:    
Other income (expense), net:Other income (expense), net:  
Equity in income of unconsolidated affiliatesEquity in income of unconsolidated affiliates1.0 2.1 2.3 4.0 Equity in income of unconsolidated affiliates2.3 1.3 
Foreign exchange gain (loss)(0.1)(1.2)(0.3)(1.1)
Foreign exchange gains (losses)Foreign exchange gains (losses)1.5 (0.2)
Net periodic pension and post-retirement credit, excluding service costNet periodic pension and post-retirement credit, excluding service cost(0.1)(0.1)(0.3)(0.1)Net periodic pension and post-retirement credit, excluding service cost— (0.2)
Miscellaneous income (expense), netMiscellaneous income (expense), net1.0 — (0.7)2.0 Miscellaneous income (expense), net(0.7)(1.7)
Total other income, net1.8 0.8 1.0 4.8 
Total interest expense, investment income and other income, net$(4.5)$(5.8)$(11.5)$(8.3)
Total other income (expense), netTotal other income (expense), net3.1 (0.8)
Total interest expense, investment income and other income (expense), netTotal interest expense, investment income and other income (expense), net$(3.2)$(7.0)
`
Interest expense in Q2 2021 and year-to-date 2021 included the impact of borrowings under our global credit facility inIn Q1 2021, which were repaid during Q2 2021. Other2023, total other income (expense), net in year-to-date 2021 included a $2.8 gain relatedincreased by $3.9 compared to additional proceeds received in the prior year, driven by a $1.7 increase of foreign exchange gains and a $1.0 increase in income recorded from the partial sale of an investment in anour unconsolidated affiliate in 2018.affiliates.
Business Segment Review
See Note 1011 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our business segments.
Americas
The Americas segment serves customers in the U.S., Canada, the Caribbean Islands and Latin America with a comprehensive portfolio of furniture architectural and technologyarchitectural products marketed to corporate, government, healthcare, education and retail customers through the Steelcase, Coalesse, AMQ, Smith System, AMQOrangebox and OrangeboxViccarbe brands.
 Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
Statement of Operations Data — AmericasAugust 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
Revenue$523.3 100.0 %$631.2 100.0 %$899.6 100.0 %$965.1 100.0 %
Cost of sales372.6 71.2 408.1 64.7 645.1 71.7 660.4 68.4 
Restructuring costs— — 6.9 1.0 — — 6.9 0.7 
Gross profit150.7 28.8 216.2 34.3 254.5 28.3 297.8 30.9 
Operating expenses106.0 20.3 112.9 17.9 224.8 25.0 218.0 22.6 
Restructuring costs— — 8.7 1.4 — — 8.7 0.9 
Operating income$44.7 8.5 %$94.6 15.0 %$29.7 3.3 %$71.1 7.4 %
Reconciliation of Operating Income to Adjusted Operating Income — AmericasThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
Operating income$44.7 8.5 %$94.6 15.0 %$29.7 3.3 %$71.1 7.4 %
Add: Restructuring costs— — 15.6 2.4 — — 15.6 1.6 
Adjusted operating income$44.7 8.5 %$110.2 17.4 %$29.7 3.3 %$86.7 9.0 %
Operating income in the Americas declined by $49.9 in Q2 2022 compared to the prior year. The decline was driven by lower revenue and higher cost of sales as a percentage of revenue, partially offset by lower operating expenses and $15.6 of restructuring costs related to workforce reductions in the prior year. Excluding the impact of the restructuring costs in the prior year, adjusted operating income decreased by $65.5 in Q2 2022 compared to the prior year. Operating income in year-to-date 2022 represented a decrease of $41.4 compared to year-to-date 2021. The decrease was driven by lower revenue, higher cost of sales as a percentage of revenue and higher operating expenses, partially offset by the restructuring costs in the prior year. Excluding the impact of restructuring costs in
 Three Months Ended
Statement of Operations Data — AmericasMay 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
Revenue$520.8 100.0 %$376.3 100.0 %
Cost of sales390.0 74.9 272.5 72.4 
Restructuring costs0.9 0.2 — — 
Gross profit129.9 24.9 103.8 27.6 
Operating expenses127.8 24.5 118.8 31.6 
Restructuring costs3.3 0.6 — — 
Operating loss$(1.2)(0.2)%$(15.0)(4.0)%
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Adjusted Operating Income (Loss) — AmericasThree Months Ended
May 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
Operating loss$(1.2)(0.2)%$(15.0)(4.0)%
Amortization of purchased intangible assets2.6 0.5 2.6 0.7 
Restructuring costs4.2 0.8 — — 
Adjusted operating income (loss)$5.6 1.1 %$(12.4)(3.3)%
The operating loss of $1.2 in the Americas in Q1 2023 represented an improvement of $13.8 compared to the prior year. The improvement was driven by higher revenue, partially offset by higher cost of sales as a percentage of revenue. The current year year-to-date 2022included $4.2 of restructuring costs. Adjusted operating income of $5.6 in Q1 2023 represented an improvement of $18.0 compared to the adjusted operating income represented a decreaseloss of $57.0 compared to$12.4 in the prior year.
The Americas revenue represented 72.2%70.3% of consolidated revenue in Q2 2022. Q2 2022Q1 2023. Q1 2023 revenue of $523.3$520.8 represented a decreasean increase of $107.9$144.5 or 17%38% compared to the prior year. Revenue in Q2 2021 benefited fromApproximately $110 of the increase was related to higher volume driven by broad-based order growth and strong beginning order backlog dueand approximately $35 was related to pandemic-related restrictions during Q1 2021. Revenue in Q2 2022pricing benefits. Organic revenue growth was negatively impacted by at least $40 due to shipment delays caused by supply chain disruptions. After adjusting for a $13.1 impact from a dealer acquisition and $2.1 of currency translation effects, the organic revenue decline was $123.1$144.0 or 19% compared to the prior year. Year-to-date 2022 revenue of $899.6 represented a decrease of $65.5 or 7% compared to year-to-date 2021. The decrease was driven by reduced industry demand as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of shipment delays caused by supply chain disruptions on our revenue in Q2 2022. After adjusting for a $25.9 impact from a dealer acquisition and $4.2 of currency translation effects, the organic revenue decline was $95.6 or 10%38% compared to the prior year.
Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue increased by 650250 basis points in Q2 2022Q1 2023 compared to the prior year. The increase was driven by approximately $17$15 of higher inflation, costs, net of pricing benefits, and approximately $5partially offset by the benefits of higher freight cost inefficiencies due to supply chain disruptions. Cost of salesvolume.
Operating expenses increased by $9.0 in Q1 2023, but decreased by 710 basis points as a percentage of revenue, increased by 330 basis points in year-to-date 2022 compared to year-to-date 2021. The increase was driven by approximately $24 of higher inflation costs, net of pricing benefits, and approximately $5 of higher freight cost inefficiencies due to supply chain disruptions.
Operating expenses in Q2 2022 decreased by $6.9 compared to the prior year. The priorcurrent year included approximately $17$9.2 of lower employee costs ashigher marketing, product development and sales expenses and $3.7 of higher spending in other functional areas, offset by a result of temporary hour and pay reductions and gains of $4.1$4.0 gain from the sale of land. The current year included a $15.4 gain from the sale of land, approximately $10 of benefits related to workforce reductions in the prior year and $9.6 of lower variable compensation, partially offset by approximately $4 of higher discretionary spending and $3.2 from an acquisition. Operating expenses in year-to-date 2022 increased by $6.8 compared to year-to-date 2021. The prior year included approximately $30 of lower employee costs as a result of temporary hour and pay reductions and gains of $6.7 from the sale of land. The current year included approximately $20 of benefits related to workforce reductions in the prior year, a $15.4 gain from the sale of land and $5.3 of lower variable compensation (partially offset by $4.3 of higher variable compensation in Q1 2022 driven by the timing of when a portion of stock compensation expense was recorded in the prior year), partially offset by $6.0 from an acquisition and approximately $4 of higher discretionary spending in the current year.
EMEA
The EMEA segment serves customers in Europe, the Middle East and Africa primarily under the Steelcase, Coalesse, Orangebox and CoalesseViccarbe brands, with a comprehensive portfolio of furniture architectural and technologyarchitectural products.
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended Three Months Ended
Statement of Operations Data — EMEAStatement of Operations Data — EMEAAugust 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
Statement of Operations Data — EMEAMay 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
RevenueRevenue$138.9 100.0 %$125.9 100.0 %$262.5 100.0 %$225.4 100.0 %Revenue$156.4 100.0 %$123.6 100.0 %
Cost of salesCost of sales101.4 73.0 93.4 74.2 190.9 72.7 168.7 74.8 Cost of sales114.1 73.0 89.5 72.4 
Gross profitGross profit37.5 27.0 32.5 25.8 71.6 27.3 56.7 25.2 Gross profit42.3 27.0 34.1 27.6 
Operating expensesOperating expenses39.1 28.2 36.0 28.6 78.9 30.1 67.2 29.9 Operating expenses41.0 26.2 39.8 32.2 
Goodwill impairment charge— — — — — — 17.6 7.8 
Operating loss$(1.6)(1.2)%$(3.5)(2.8)%$(7.3)(2.8)%$(28.1)(12.5)%
Operating income (loss)Operating income (loss)$1.3 0.8 %$(5.7)(4.6)%
Reconciliation of Operating Loss to Adjusted Operating Loss — EMEAThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
Operating loss$(1.6)(1.2)%$(3.5)(2.8)%$(7.3)(2.8)%$(28.1)(12.5)%
Add: Goodwill impairment charge— — — — — — 17.6 7.8 
Adjusted operating loss$(1.6)(1.2)%$(3.5)(2.8)%$(7.3)(2.8)%$(10.5)(4.7)%



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The operating loss in EMEA improved by $1.9 in Q2 2022 compared to the prior year. The improvement was driven by higher revenue and lower cost of sales as a percentage of revenue, partially offset by higher operating expenses. The operating loss in EMEA in year-to-date 2022 improved by $20.8 compared to the prior year, which included a $17.6 goodwill impairment charge related to our Orangebox U.K. reporting unit. Adjusted for the goodwill impairment charge, the operating loss improved by $3.2 driven by higher revenue and lower cost of sales as a percentage of revenue, partially offset by higher operating expenses.
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss) — EMEAThree Months Ended
May 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
Operating income (loss)$1.3 0.8 %$(5.7)(4.6)%
Amortization of purchased intangible assets1.2 0.8 1.0 0.8 
Adjusted operating income (loss)$2.5 1.6 %$(4.7)(3.8)%
EMEA revenue represented 19.2%operating income of consolidated revenue$1.3 in Q2 2022. Q2 2022 revenue of $138.9Q1 2023 represented an increaseimprovement of $13.0 or 10%$7.0 compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily driven by Orangebox. After adjusting for $6.3higher revenue, partially offset by higher cost of currency translation effects,sales as a percentage of revenue. Adjusted operating income of $2.5 in Q1 2023 represented an improvement of $7.2 compared to the organicadjusted operating loss of $4.7 in the prior year.
EMEA revenue growth was $6.7represented 21.1% of consolidated revenue in Q1 2023. Q1 2023 revenue of $156.4 represented an increase of $32.8 or 5%27% compared to the prior year. Year-to-date 2022 revenue increased by $37.1 or 16% compared toApproximately $30 of the prior year. The increase was broad-basedrelated to higher volume as a result of growth across most markets. After adjusting for $16.4all markets and strong beginning order backlog and approximately $10 was related to pricing benefits, partially offset by approximately $11 of unfavorable currency translation effects, the organiceffects. Organic revenue growth was $20.7$41.8 or 9%36% compared to the prior year.
Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue decreasedincreased by 12060 basis points in Q2 2022Q1 2023 compared to the prior year. The improvement was driven by higher revenue and $1.4 from favorable shifts in business mix, partially offset by approximately $2 of higher inflation costs, net of pricing benefits. Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue decreased by 210 basis points in year-to-date 2022 compared to year-to-date 2021. The improvement was driven by higher revenue and $2.9 of favorable shifts in business mix, partially offset by approximately $3 of higher inflation costs, net of pricing benefits.
Operating expenses in Q2 2022 increased by $3.1 compared to the prior year, which included approximately $2 of lower employee costs as a result of temporary hour and pay reductions in the prior year. The remaining increase was driven by approximately $1 of unfavorable currency impacts and approximately $1 in higher
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overhead costs, partially offset by the benefits of higher discretionary spending. Year-to-date 2022 operatingvolume and approximately $4 of higher pricing benefits, net of inflation.
Operating expenses increased by $11.7$1.2 in Q1 2023, but decreased by 600 basis points as a percentage of revenue, compared to year-to-date 2021, which included approximately $5 of lower employee costs as a result of temporary hour and pay reductions in the prior year. The remaining increase was drivencurrent year included $2.4 of higher marketing, product development and sales expenses, $1.5 from an acquisition and approximately $1 of higher spending in other functional areas, partially offset by approximately $4$3.6 of unfavorablefavorable currency translation effects and approximately $2 of higher discretionary spending.effects.
Other
The Other category includes Asia Pacific and Designtex. Asia Pacific serves customers in Australia, China, India, Japan, Korea and other countries in Southeast Asia primarily under the Steelcase brand with a comprehensive portfolio of furniture architectural and technologyarchitectural products. Designtex primarily sells textiles, wall coverings and surface imaging solutions specified by architects and designers directly to end-use customers through a direct sales force primarily in North America.
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended Three Months Ended
Statement of Operations Data — OtherStatement of Operations Data — OtherAugust 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
Statement of Operations Data — OtherMay 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
RevenueRevenue$62.6 100.0 %$61.7 100.0 %$119.3 100.0 %$111.1 100.0 %Revenue$63.5 100.0 %$56.7 100.0 %
Cost of salesCost of sales44.0 70.3 40.8 66.1 83.9 70.3 73.3 66.0 Cost of sales44.1 69.4 39.9 70.4 
Gross profitGross profit18.6 29.7 20.9 33.9 35.4 29.7 37.8 34.0 Gross profit19.4 30.6 16.8 29.6 
Operating expensesOperating expenses22.8 36.4 19.8 32.1 44.9 37.7 38.3 34.5 Operating expenses22.3 35.2 22.1 38.9 
Operating income (loss)$(4.2)(6.7)%$1.1 1.8 %$(9.5)(8.0)%$(0.5)(0.5)%
Operating lossOperating loss$(2.9)(4.6)%$(5.3)(9.3)%
The Other category posted an operating loss of $4.2$2.9 in Q2 2022the Other category in Q1 2023 represented an improvement of $2.4 compared to operating income of $1.1 in the prior year. The decline in operating results in the current yearimprovement was driven by higher revenue and lower cost of sales as a percentage of revenue and higher operating expenses. Year-to-date 2022 operating results decreased by $9.0 compared to the prior year, driven by the same factors as the quarter.revenue.
Revenue in the Other category represented 8.6% of consolidated revenue in Q2 2022. Q2 2022Q1 2023. Q1 2023 revenue of $62.6$63.5 represented an increase of $0.9$6.8 or 1% compared to the prior year as strengthened demand in China was largely offset by India and Southeast Asia, which were negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. After adjusting for $1.4 of currency translation effects, the organic revenue decline was $0.5 or 1%12% compared to the prior year. Year-to-date 2022Approximately $5 of the increase was related to higher volume and approximately $2 was related to pricing benefits. The increase was driven by India, Southeast Asia, Designtex and Japan, partially offset by China which was impacted by governmental shutdowns as a result of COVID-19. Organic revenue growth was $7.4 or 13% compared to the prior year.
Cost of $119.3 represented an increasesales as a percentage of $8.2 or 7%revenue decreased by 100 basis points in Q1 2023 compared to the prior year. The improvement was driven by the benefits of higher volume and lower overhead costs, partially offset by approximately $1 of higher inflation, net of pricing benefits.
Operating expenses in Q1 2023 increased by $0.2, but decreased by 370 basis points as a percentage of revenue, compared to the prior year. The increase was driven by China, Australia, Japan, and Designtex,$0.5 of higher variable compensation expense, partially offset by India and Southeast Asia, driven by the same factors as the quarter. After adjusting for $3.2 of currency translation effects, the organic revenue growth was $5.0 or 4% compared to the prior year.

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Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue increased by 420 basis points in Q2 2022 compared to the prior year. The increase was driven by inefficiencies associated with pandemic-related disruptions and approximately $1 of higher inflation costs, net of pricing benefits. Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue increased by 430 basis points in year-to-date 2022 compared to the prior year. The increase was driven by the same factors as the quarter.
Operating expenses in Q2 2022 increased by $3.0 compared to the prior year, which included approximately $3$0.3 of lower employee costs as a result of temporary pay reductions in the prior year. Operating expenses for year-to-date 2022 increased by $6.6 compared to the prior year, driven by the same factors as the quarter.spending.
Corporate
Corporate expenses include unallocated portions of shared service functions such as information technology, corporate facilities, finance, human resources, research, legal and customer aviation, plus deferred compensation expense and income or losses associated with COLI.
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended Three Months Ended
Statement of Operations Data — CorporateStatement of Operations Data — CorporateAugust 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
August 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
Statement of Operations Data — CorporateMay 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
Operating expensesOperating expenses$5.0 $3.6 $10.8 $6.2 Operating expenses$9.8 $5.8 
The increaseOperating expenses increased by $4.0 in operating expenses in Q2 2022Q1 2023 compared to the prior yearyear. The increase was driven by $4.8 of lower COLI income and approximately $3 of higher employee costsspending, partially offset by $4.1 of lower deferred compensation expense.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The non-GAAP financial measures used in this MD&A are: (1) organic revenue growth, (2) adjusted operating income (loss) and (3) adjusted earnings (loss) per share.
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Organic Revenue Growth
We define organic revenue growth as a resultrevenue growth excluding the impact of temporary houracquisitions and pay reductionsdivestitures and foreign currency translation effects.Organic revenue growth is calculated by adjusting prior year revenue to include revenues of acquired companies prior to the date of the company's acquisition, to exclude revenues of divested companies and to use current year average exchange rates in the calculation of foreign-denominated revenue. We believe organic revenue growth is a meaningful metric to investors as it provides a more consistent comparison of our revenue to prior yearperiods as well as to industry peers.
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss) and higher discretionary spending.Adjusted Earnings (Loss) Per Share
We define adjusted operating income (loss) as operating income (loss) excluding amortization of purchased intangible assets and restructuring costs. We define adjusted earnings (loss) per share as earnings (loss) per share excluding amortization of purchased intangible assets and restructuring costs, net of related income tax effects.
Amortization of purchased intangible assets: We may record intangible assets (such as backlog, dealer relationships, trademarks, know-how and designs and proprietary technology) when we acquire companies. We allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to net tangible and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. The increasefair value estimates for these intangible assets require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, which includes the useful lives of intangible assets. We believe that adjusting for amortization of purchased intangible assets provides a more consistent comparison of our operating performance to prior periods as well as to industry peers. As our business strategy in recent years has included an increased number of acquisitions, intangible asset amortization has become more significant. In Q1 2023, we elected to begin adjusting operating expensesincome (loss) and earnings (loss) per share for amortization of purchased intangible assets, as we completed the acquisition of Halcon Furniture LLC in year-to-date 2022 was driven by the same factorsearly Q2 2023, which is expected to make our amortization of purchased intangible assets more significant.
Restructuring costs: Restructuring costs may be recorded as the quarter.our business strategies change or in response to changing market trends and economic conditions. We believe that adjusting for restructuring costs, which are primarily associated with business exit and workforce reduction costs, provides a more consistent comparison of our operating performance to prior periods as well as to industry peers.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash and cash equivalents are used to fund day-to-day operations, including seasonal disbursements, particularly the annual payment of accrued variable compensation and retirement plan contributions in Q1 of each fiscal year. During normal business conditions, we target a range of $75 to $175 in cash and cash equivalents to fund operating requirements. In addition, we may carry additional liquidity for potential investments in strategic initiatives and as a cushion against economic volatility, and from time to time, we may allow our cash and cash equivalents to temporarily fall below our targeted range to fund acquisitions and other growth initiatives.
Liquidity SourcesLiquidity SourcesAugust 27,
2021
February 26,
2021
Liquidity SourcesMay 27,
2022
February 25,
2022
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$360.7 $489.8 Cash and cash equivalents$116.7 $200.9 
Company-owned life insuranceCompany-owned life insurance169.8 169.5 Company-owned life insurance162.8 168.0 
Availability under credit facilitiesAvailability under credit facilities265.5 265.9 Availability under credit facilities261.9 262.0 
Total liquidity sources availableTotal liquidity sources available$796.0 $925.2 Total liquidity sources available$541.4 $630.9 
As of AugustMay 27, 2021,2022, we held a total of $360.7$116.7 in cash and cash equivalents. Of that total, 81%64% was located in the U.S. and the remaining 19%36% was located outside of the U.S., primarily in China (including Hong Kong), Mexico, the U.K., Malaysia, SingaporeFrance and India.Canada.
COLI investments are recorded at their net cash surrender value. Our investments in COLI policies are intended to be utilized as a long-term funding source for long-term benefit obligations. However, COLI can also be used as a source of liquidity. We believe the financial strength of the issuing insurance companies associated with our COLI policies is sufficient to meet their obligations.
Availability under credit facilities may be reduced related to compliance with applicable covenants. See Liquidity Facilities for more information.





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The following table summarizes our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the sixthree months ended AugustMay 27, 20212022 and AugustMay 28, 2020:2021:
 Six Months Ended
Cash Flow DataAugust 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
Net cash provided by (used in):  
Operating activities$(61.6)$44.9 
Investing activities(6.5)(6.0)
Financing activities(59.9)(63.8)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(0.6)0.2 
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(128.6)(24.7)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period495.6 547.1 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$367.0 $522.4 

 Three Months Ended
Cash Flow DataMay 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
Net cash used in:  
Operating activities$(55.1)$(63.6)
Investing activities(7.3)(13.0)
Financing activities(20.7)(16.8)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(1.3)0.3 
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(84.4)(93.1)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period207.0 495.6 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$122.6 $402.5 
Cash provided by (used in)used in operating activities
Six Months Ended Three Months Ended
Cash Flow Data — Operating ActivitiesCash Flow Data — Operating ActivitiesAugust 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
Cash Flow Data — Operating ActivitiesMay 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
Net income (loss)$(3.4)$17.4 
Net lossNet loss$(11.4)$(28.1)
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization41.2 43.3 Depreciation and amortization20.2 20.7 
Goodwill impairment charge— 17.6 
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation12.2 13.1 
Restructuring costsRestructuring costs— 15.6 Restructuring costs4.2 — 
Changes in accounts receivable, inventories and accounts payableChanges in accounts receivable, inventories and accounts payable(45.3)21.3 Changes in accounts receivable, inventories and accounts payable(48.4)(6.3)
Income taxes receivableIncome taxes receivable25.3 (9.5)
Employee compensation liabilitiesEmployee compensation liabilities(30.7)(120.8)Employee compensation liabilities(18.5)(36.0)
Employee benefit obligationsEmployee benefit obligations(14.9)(24.9)Employee benefit obligations(17.2)(18.1)
Customer deposits14.0 74.3 
Changes in other operating assets and liabilitiesChanges in other operating assets and liabilities(22.5)1.1 Changes in other operating assets and liabilities(21.5)0.6 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(61.6)$44.9 
Net cash used in operating activitiesNet cash used in operating activities$(55.1)$(63.6)
Annual payments related to accrued variable compensation and retirement plan contributions totaled $32.4 in Q1 2023 compared to $50.4 in year-to-date 2022 compared to $148.0 in year-to-date 2021.the prior year. In year-to-date 2022,Q1 2023, we used cash in working capital, driven by increased inventory levels to mitigate the impact of supply chain disruptions and increased accounts receivable and inventory.due to revenue growth. In year-to-dateQ1 2023, we received $29.7 related to the carryback of our fiscal year 2021 we generated cash from working capital, driven by collections on accounts receivable, and we offered deposit incentives to our dealers which drove a significant increasetax loss in customer deposits.

the U.S.
Cash used in investing activities
Six Months Ended Three Months Ended
Cash Flow Data — Investing ActivitiesCash Flow Data — Investing ActivitiesAugust 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
Cash Flow Data — Investing ActivitiesMay 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
Capital expendituresCapital expenditures$(31.8)$(18.0)Capital expenditures$(13.6)$(18.4)
Proceeds from disposal of fixed assets16.8 7.1 
OtherOther8.5 4.9 Other6.3 5.4 
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities$(6.5)$(6.0)Net cash used in investing activities$(7.3)$(13.0)
Capital expenditures in year-to-date 2022Q1 2023 were primarily related to investments in manufacturing operations, information technology, customer-facing facilities, product development and product development. Capital expenditures were higher compared to year-to-date 2021 due to reduced spendinginformation technology. Other investing activities in the prior year as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceeds from the disposal of fixed assets in year-to-date 2022 primarily related to $16.6Q1 2023 included $5.6 of proceeds from the sale of land. Other investing activities in year-to-date 2022the prior year included $6.4$4.6 of proceeds from COLI policy maturities. Other investing activities in year-to-date 2021 included $3.3 of additional proceeds from the partial sale of an investment in an unconsolidated affiliate in 2018.





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Cash used in financing activities
Six Months Ended Three Months Ended
Cash Flow Data — Financing ActivitiesCash Flow Data — Financing ActivitiesAugust 27,
2021
August 28,
2020
Cash Flow Data — Financing ActivitiesMay 27,
2022
May 28,
2021
Dividends paidDividends paid$(29.2)$(20.1)Dividends paid$(17.1)$(12.1)
Common stock repurchasesCommon stock repurchases(30.9)(42.3)Common stock repurchases(3.4)(4.3)
Borrowings on lines of credit— 250.0 
Repayments on lines of credit— (250.0)
OtherOther0.2 (1.4)Other(0.2)(0.4)
Net cash used in financing activitiesNet cash used in financing activities$(59.9)$(63.8)Net cash used in financing activities$(20.7)$(16.8)
We paid dividends of $0.10 and $0.145 per common share in Q1 2022 and Q2 2022, respectively, and $0.072023 and $0.10 per common share in Q1 20212022.
We repurchased 279,103 and Q2 2021, respectively.
In year-to-date 2022, we repurchased 2,227,000353,196 shares of Class A common stock 359,527 of which were made to satisfy participants' tax withholding obligations upon the issuance of shares under equity awards, pursuant to the terms of our Incentive Compensation Plan. In year-to-date 2021, we repurchased 3,244,594 shares of Class A common stock, 244,594in Q1 2023 and Q1 2022, respectively, all of which were made to satisfy participants' tax withholding obligations upon the issuance of shares under equity awards, pursuant to the terms of our Incentive Compensation Plan.
As of AugustMay 27, 2021,2022, we had $29.9$6.4 of remaining availability under the $150 share repurchase program approved by our Board of Directors in 2016.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
During Q2 2022, no material change in our off-balance sheet arrangements occurred.
Contractual Obligations
During Q2 2022, no material change in our contractual obligations occurred.
Liquidity Facilities
OurThe following table summarizes our total liquidity facilities as of AugustMay 27, 2021 were:2022:
Liquidity FacilitiesAugustMay 27,
20212022
Global committed bank facility$250.0 
Other committed bank facility6.03.9 
Various uncommitted linesfacilities18.311.0 
Total credit lines available274.3264.9 
Less: Borrowings outstanding(2.9)(3.0)
Less: Other guarantees and letters of credit(5.9)
Available capacity$265.5261.9 
We have a $250.0 global committed bank facility in effect through 2025. As of AugustMay 27, 2021,2022, there were no borrowings outstanding under the facility, there were $5.9 of guarantees and letters of credit which reduced our availability, and we were in compliance with all covenants under the facility.
We have a $12.5 committed bank facility related to a subsidiary, which has current availability of $6.0$3.9 based on eligible accounts receivable of the subsidiary. As of AugustMay 27, 2021, $2.92022, $2.6 was outstanding under the facility.
TheWe have unsecured uncommitted short-term credit facilities available for working capital purposes with various uncommitted linesfinancial institutions with a total U.S. dollar borrowing capacity of up to $3.5 and a total foreign currency borrowing capacity of up to $7.5 as of May 27, 2022. These credit facilities have no stated expiration date but may be changed or canceled by the applicable lendersbanks at any time. There were no borrowingsAs of May 27, 2022, $0.4 was outstanding under the uncommitted facilities as of August 27, 2021.
In addition to the available capacity reflected in the table above, we have revolving credit agreements totaling $28.6 which can be utilized to support bank guarantees, letters of credit or foreign exchange contracts. As of August 27, 2021, we had $7.4 in outstanding letters of credit and bank guarantees against these agreements. There were no draws against our letters of credit during year-to-date 2022 or year-to-date 2021.facilities.

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Total consolidated debt as of AugustMay 27, 20212022 was $484.5.$482.4. Our debt primarily consists of $444.4$444.5 in term notes due in 2029 with an effective interest rate of 5.6%. In addition, we have a term loan with a balance of $36.1$34.1 as of AugustMay 27, 2021.2022. The term loan has a floating interest rate based on 30-day LIBOR plus 1.20% and is due in Q1 2024. The term notes are unsecured, and the term loan is secured by our two corporate aircraft. The term notes and the term loan do not contain no financial covenants and are not cross-defaulted to our other debt facilities.
Liquidity Outlook
As of AugustAt May 27, 2021,2022, our total liquidity, which is comprised of cash and cash equivalents and the cash surrender value of COLI, aggregated to $530.5.$279.5. Our liquidity position, funds available under our credit facilities and cash generated from future operations are expected to be sufficient to finance our known or foreseeable liquidity needs.needs, including our material cash requirements.
OurDuring Q1 2023, there have been no significant fundingchanges in the items that we have identified as our material committed cash requirements include operating expenses, non-cancelable operating lease obligations,in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 25, 2022.
We also have other planned material usages of cash which we consider discretionary. This includes plans for capital expenditures variable compensation and retirement plan contributions, dividend payments and debt service obligations. We have flexibility over some of these uses of cash, including capital expenditures and discretionary operating expenses, to preserve our liquidity position. We expect capital expenditureswhich are expected to total approximately $65$60 to $75$70 in 20222023 compared to $41.3$60.5 in 2021.
2022. In addition, we fund dividend payments declared by our Board of Directors. On SeptemberJune 22, 2021,2022, we announced a quarterly dividend on our common stock of $0.145 per share, or approximately $17,$16, to be paid in Q3 2022. Future dividendsQ2 2023.
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Our material cash requirements are subject to fluctuation based on business requirements, economic volatility or investments in strategic initiatives. We anticipate the cash expected to be generated from future operations and current cash and cash equivalents, funds available under our credit facilities and funds available from COLI will be subjectsufficient to approval byfulfill our Boardexisting material cash requirements.
On June 10, 2022, we acquired Halcon Furniture LLC in an all-cash transaction for $127.5 plus an adjustment of Directors.$3.1 for working capital. See Note 13 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the acquisition.
Critical Accounting Estimates
During Q2 2022,Q1 2023, there have been no changes in the items that we have identified as critical accounting estimates.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
See Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Forward-looking Statements
From time to time, in written and oral statements, we discuss our expectations regarding future events and our plans and objectives for future operations. These forward-looking statements discuss goals, intentions and expectations as to future trends, plans, events, results of operations or financial condition, or state other information relating to us, based on current beliefs of management as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, us. Forward-looking statements generally are accompanied by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “intend,” “may,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project," "target” or other similar words, phrases or expressions. Although we believe these forward-looking statements are reasonable, they are based upon a number of assumptions concerning future conditions, any or all of which may ultimately prove to be inaccurate. Forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements and vary from our expectations because of factors such as, but not limited to, competitive and general economic conditions domestically and internationally; acts of terrorism, war, governmental action, natural disasters, pandemics and other Force Majeure events; cyberattacks; the COVID-19 pandemic and the actions taken by various governments and third parties to combat the pandemic; changes in the legal and regulatory environment; changes in raw material, commodity and other input costs; currency fluctuations; changes in customer demand; and the other risks and contingencies detailed in this Report, our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We undertake no obligation to update, amend, or clarify forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk:
The nature of market risks (i.e., the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices) faced by us as of AugustMay 27, 20212022 is the same as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 26, 2021.25, 2022. We are exposed to market risks from foreign currency exchange, interest rates, commodity prices and fixed income and equity prices, which could affect our operating results, financial position and cash flows.
Foreign Exchange Risk
During Q2 2022,Q1 2023, no material change in foreign exchange risk occurred.
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Interest Rate Risk
During Q2 2022,Q1 2023, no material change in interest rate risk occurred.
Commodity Price Risk
During Q2 2022,Q1 2023, no material change in commodity price risk occurred.
Fixed Income and Equity Price Risk
During Q2 2022,Q1 2023, no material change in fixed income and equity price risk occurred.
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Item 4.Controls and Procedures:
(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures.  Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")), as of AugustMay 27, 2021.2022. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of AugustMay 27, 2021,2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in (1) recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, on a timely basis, information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act and (2) ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in such reports is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b) Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.  There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during our secondfirst fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A. Risk Factors:

For a more detailed explanation of the risks affecting our business, please refer to the Risk Factors section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 26, 2021.25, 2022.  There have not been any material changes to the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 26, 2021.25, 2022.
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Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds:
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following is a summary of share repurchase activity during Q2 2022:Q1 2023:
Period(a)
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
(b)
Average Price
Paid per Share
(c)
Total Number of
Shares Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs (1)
(d)
Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares
that May Yet be
Purchased
Under the Plans
or Programs (1)
(in millions)
5/29/2021 - 7/2/2021343,326 $14.73 342,425 $51.4 
7/3/2021 - 7/30/20211,239,220 $14.16 1,236,014 $33.9 
7/31/2021 - 8/27/2021291,258 $13.74 289,034 $29.9 
Total1,873,804 (2)1,867,473  
Period(a)
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
(b)
Average Price
Paid per Share
(c)
Total Number of
Shares Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs (1)
(d)
Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares
that May Yet be
Purchased
Under the Plans
or Programs (1)
(in millions)
2/26/2022 - 4/1/2022276,035 $12.25 — $6.4 
4/2/2022 - 4/29/20222,891 $11.46 — $6.4 
4/30/2022 - 5/27/2022177 $11.73 — $6.4 
Total279,103 (2)—  

(1)In January 2016, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program, announced on January 19, 2016, permitting the repurchase of up to $150 of shares of our common stock. On June 28, 2021, we entered into a stock repurchase agreement with an independent third party broker under which the broker is authorized to repurchase up to $50 of shares of our common stock on our behalf during the period June 28, 2021 through December 20, 2021, subject to certain price, market and volume constraints specified in the agreement. The agreement was established in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act. Shares purchased under the agreement are part of our share repurchase program approved in January 2016.
(2)6,331All shares were repurchased to satisfy participants’ tax withholding obligations upon the issuance of shares under equity awards, pursuant to the terms of our Incentive Compensation Plan.
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Item 6.Exhibits:
Exhibit
No.
Description
10.1*
10.2*
31.1
31.2
32.1
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.document
101.SCHInline XBRL Schema Document
101.CALInline XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LABInline XBRL Labels Linkbase Document
101.PREInline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEFInline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
________________

*    Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

(1)    Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 16, 2021, (commission file number 001-13873), and incorporated herein by reference.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
STEELCASE INC.


By: /s/  Robin L. ZondervanDavid C. Sylvester
Robin L. ZondervanDavid C. Sylvester
Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller &
Chief AccountingFinancial Officer
(Duly Authorized Officer, Principal Financial Officer and
Principal Accounting Officer)
Date: SeptemberJune 24, 20212022
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