UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549


Form			10-Q

(Mark one)


☑			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 1-14037

____________________

Moody’s Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

13-3998945

(State of Incorporation)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

7 World Trade Center at 250 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10007

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(212) 553-0300

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

MCO

New York Stock Exchange

1.75% Senior Notes Due 2027

MCO 27

New York Stock Exchange

0.950% Senior Notes Due 2030

MCO 30

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months, or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large Accelerated Filer

☑

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:


Shares Outstanding at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020
~~187.5~~187.7 million

Table of Contents


	MOODY’S CORPORATION INDEX TO FORM 10-Q
				Page(s)
			Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations	3-7
	PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the Three and Six Months Ended ~~March 31,~~June 30 , 2020 and 2019		8
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) for the Three and Six Months Ended ~~March 31,~~June 30 , 2020 and 2019		9
	Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) at ~~March 31,~~June 30 , 2020 and December 31, 2019		10
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the ~~Three~~Six Months Ended ~~March 31,~~June 30 , 2020 and 2019		11
	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited) for the Three and Six Months Ended ~~March 31,~~ June 30 , 2020 and 2019		12~~-13~~-15
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)		1416~~-41~~-47
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
	The Company		4248
	Corporate Social Responsibility and Su ~~sta~~i n ~~ability~~Sustainability		4248
	Critical Accounting Estimates		4349~~-44~~-51
	Reportable Segments		4451
	Results of Operations		4552~~-57~~-77
	Liquidity and Capital Resources		5878~~-64~~-84
	Recently Issued Accounting Standards		6585
	Contingencies		6585
	Regulation		6585~~-66~~-86
	Forward-Looking Statements		6787
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk		6888
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures		6888~~-69~~
	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings		7089
Item 1A.	Risk Factors		7089~~-71~~
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		7189
Item 5.	Other Information		7189
Item 6.	Exhibits		7290

SIGNATURES
	Exhibits Filed Herewith
31.1		Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2		Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1		Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2		Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Definitions Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

Table of Contents

GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

The following terms, abbreviations and acronyms are used to identify frequently used terms in this report:


TERM			DEFINITION
ABS Suite			Business acquired by the Company in October 2019 which includes a software platform used by issuers and trustees for administration of asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities programs
Acquisition-Related Amortization			Amortization of definite-lived intangible assets acquired by the Company from all business combination transactions
Acquisition-Related Expenses			Consists of expenses incurred to complete and integrate the acquisition of Bureau van Dijk for which the integration will be a multi-year effort
Adjusted Diluted EPS			Diluted EPS excluding the impact of certain items as detailed in the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”
Adjusted Net Income			Net Income excluding the impact of certain items as detailed in the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”
Adjusted Operating Income			Operating income excluding the impact of certain items as detailed in the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”
Adjusted Operating Margin			Adjusted Operating Income divided by revenue
Americas			Represents countries within North and South America, excluding the U.S.
AOCI			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss); a separate component of shareholders’ equity
ASC			The FASB Accounting Standards Codification; the sole source of authoritative GAAP as of July 1, 2009 except for rules and interpretive releases of the SEC, which are also sources of authoritative GAAP for SEC registrants
Asia-Pacific			Represents Australia and countries in Asia including but not limited to: China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Thailand
ASR			Accelerated Share Repurchase
ASU			The FASB Accounting Standards Update to the ASC. It also provides background information for accounting guidance and the bases for conclusions on the changes in the ASC. ASUs are not considered authoritative until codified into the ASC
Board			The board of directors of the Company
BPS			Basis points
Bureau van Dijk			Bureau van Dijk Electronic Publishing, B.V., a global provider of business intelligence and company information; acquired by the Company on August 10, 2017 via the acquisition of Yellow Maple I B.V., an indirect parent of Bureau van Dijk

CFG			Corporate finance group; an LOB of MIS
CLO			Collateralized loan obligation
CMBS			Commercial mortgage-backed securities; an asset class within SFG
COLI			Corporate-Owned Life Insurance
Common Stock			The Company’s common stock
Company			Moody’s Corporation and its subsidiaries; MCO; Moody’s
Content			A reporting unit within the MA segment that offers subscription based research, data and analytical products, including credit ratings produced by MIS, credit research, quantitative credit scores and other analytical tools, economic research and forecasts, business intelligence and company information products, and commercial real estate data and analytical tools
COVID-19			An outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus resulting in an international public health crisis and a global pandemic
CP			Commercial Paper
CP Program			A program entered into on August 3, 2016 allowing the Company to privately place CP up to a maximum of $1 billion for which the maturity may not exceed 397 days from the date of issue and which is backstopped by the 2018 Facility

Table of Contents


TERM			DEFINITION
CRAs			Credit rating agencies
DBPP			Defined benefit pension plans
Dodd-Frank Act			Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
EMEA			Represents countries within Europe, the Middle East and Africa
EPS			Earnings per share
ERS			The Enterprise Risk Solutions LOB within MA, which offers risk management software solutions as well as related risk management advisory engagements services
ESG			Environmental, Social, and Governance
ESMA			European Securities and Markets Authority
ETR			Effective tax rate
EU			European Union
EUR			Euros
EURIBOR			The Euro Interbank Offered Rate
Excess Tax Benefits			The difference between the tax benefit realized at exercise of an option or delivery of a restricted share and the tax benefit recorded at the time the option or restricted share is expensed under GAAP
Exchange Act			The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
External Revenue			Revenue excluding any intersegment amounts
FASB			Financial Accounting Standards Board
FIG			Financial institutions group; an LOB of MIS
Four Twenty Seven			A provider of data, intelligence, and analysis related to physical climate risks; acquired by the Company in July 2019
Free Cash Flow			Net cash provided by operating activities less cash paid for capital additions
FX			Foreign exchange
GAAP			U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
GBP			British pounds
ICRA			ICRA Limited; a provider of credit ratings and research in India. ICRA is a public company with its shares listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India. The Company previously held 28.5% equity ownership and in June 2014, increased that ownership stake to over 50% through the acquisition of additional shares
IRS			Internal Revenue Service
IT			Information technology

KIS Pricing			Korea Investors Service Pricing, Inc; a Korean provider of fixed income securities pricing and consolidated subsidiary of the Company
KIS Research			Korea Investors Service Research; a Korean provider of financial research and consolidated subsidiary of the Company
Korea			Republic of South Korea
LIBOR			London Interbank Offered Rate
LOB			Line of business
MA			Moody’s Analytics - a reportable segment of MCO which provides a wide range of products and services that support financial analysis and risk management activities of institutional participants in global financial markets; consists of ~~three~~two LOBs - RD&A ~~ERS~~ and PSERS
Make Whole Amount			The prepayment penalty amount relating to the 2018 Senior Notes due 2021 which is a premium based on the excess, if any, of the discounted value of the remaining scheduled payments over the prepaid principal

Table of Contents


TERM			DEFINITION
MAKS			Moody’s Analytics Knowledge Services; formerly known as Copal Amba; ~~provides~~provided offshore research and analytic services to the global financial and corporate sectors; business was divested in the fourth quarter of 2019 and was formerly part of the PS LOB and a reporting unit within the MA reportable segment
MALS			Moody’s Analytics Learning Solutions; a reporting unit within the MA segment that includes on-line and classroom-based training services as well as credentialing and certification services

~~Table of Contents~~


~~TERM~~			~~DEFINITION~~
MCO			Moody’s Corporation and its subsidiaries; the Company; Moody’s
MD&A			Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
MIS			Moody’s Investors Service - a reportable segment of MCO; consists of five LOBs - SFG, CFG, FIG, PPIF and MIS Other
MIS Other			Consists of non-ratings revenue from ICRA, KIS Pricing, KIS Research and revenue from providing ESG research, data and assessments. These businesses are components of MIS; MIS Other is an LOB of MIS
Moody’s			Moody’s Corporation and its subsidiaries; MCO; the Company
Net Income			Net income attributable to Moody’s Corporation, which excludes net income from consolidated noncontrolling interests belonging to the minority interest holder
New Credit Losses Accounting Standard			Updates to the ASC pursuant to ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”. This new accounting guidance requires the use of an “expected credit loss” impairment model for most financial assets reported at amortized cost, which will require entities to estimate expected credit losses over the lifetime of the instrument.
New Internal Use Software Accounting Standard			Updates to the ASC pursuant to ASU No. 2018-15, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract”. This new accounting guidance requires implementation costs incurred by customers in cloud computing arrangements (i.e., hosting arrangements) to be capitalized under the same premises of authoritative guidance for internal-use software.
~~New Revenue Accounting Standard~~			Updates to the ASC pursuant to ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC Topic 606)”. This new accounting guidance significantly changes the accounting framework under U.S. GAAP relating to revenue recognition and to the accounting for the deferral of incremental costs of obtaining or fulfilling a contract with a customer
NM			Percentage change is not meaningful
Non-GAAP			A financial measure not in accordance with GAAP; these measures, when read in conjunction with the Company’s reported results, can provide useful supplemental information for investors analyzing period-to-period comparisons of the Company’s performance, facilitate comparisons to competitors’ operating results and to provide greater transparency to investors of supplemental information used by management in its financial and operational decision making
NRSRO			Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization, which is a credit rating agency registered with the SEC.
OCI			Other comprehensive income (loss); includes gains and losses on cash flow and net investment hedges, unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities (in periods prior to January 1, 2018), certain gains and losses relating to pension and other retirement benefit obligations and foreign currency translation adjustments
Operating segment			Term defined in the ASC relating to segment reporting; the ASC defines an operating segment as a component of a business entity that has each of the three following characteristics: i) the component engages in business activities from which it may recognize revenue and incur expenses; ii) the operating results of the component are regularly reviewed by the entity’s chief operating decision maker; and iii) discrete financial information about the component is available
Other Retirement Plan			The U.S. retirement healthcare and U.S. retirement life insurance plans
PPIF			Public, project and infrastructure finance; an LOB of MIS
Profit Participation Plan			Defined contribution profit participation plan that covers substantially all U.S. employees of the Company

Table of Contents


TERM			DEFINITION
PS			Professional Services, ana former LOB within MA ~~consisting~~which consisted of MAKS and MALS that ~~provides~~provided offshore analytical and research services as well as learning solutions and certification programs. Subsequent to the divestiture of MAKS in 2019, revenue from the MALS reporting unit, which previous to 2020 was reported in the PS LOB, ~~will~~is now be reported as part of the RD&A LOB. Prior periods have not been reclassified as the amounts were not material.
RBA International (RBA)			A provider of online retail bank training and certifications; the Company acquired RBA in March 2020
RD&A			An LOB within MA that offers subscription based research, data and analytical products, including credit ratings produced by MIS, credit research, quantitative credit scores and other analytical tools, economic research and forecasts, business intelligence and company information products, and commercial real estate data and analytical tools
Redeemable Non-controlling Interest			Represents minority shareholders' interest in entities which are controlled but not wholly-owned by Moody's and for which Moody's obligation to redeem the minority shareholders' interest is represented by a put/call relationship
Reform Act			Credit Rating Agency Reform Act of 2006
Regulatory DataCorp Inc. (RDC)			A global leader in risk and compliance intelligence; the Company acquired RDC in February 2020
Reis, Inc. (Reis)			A provider of U.S. commercial real estate data; acquired by the Company in October 2018
Relationship Revenue			For MIS, represents recurring monitoring fees of a rated debt obligation and/or entities that issue such obligations, as well as revenue from programs such as commercial paper, medium-term notes and shelf registrations. For MIS Other, represents subscription-based revenue. For MA, represents subscription-based revenue and software maintenance revenue
Reporting unit			The level at which Moody’s evaluates its goodwill for impairment under U.S. GAAP; defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment
Retirement Plans			Moody’s funded and unfunded pension plans, the healthcare plans and life insurance plans
Revenue Accounting Standard			Updates to the ASC pursuant to ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC Topic 606)”. This new accounting guidance significantly changes the accounting framework under U.S. GAAP relating to revenue recognition and to the accounting for the deferral of incremental costs of obtaining or fulfilling a contract with a customer
RiskFirst			A company providing risk analytic solutions for the asset management and pension fund communities; acquired by the Company in July 2019
RMBS			Residential mortgage-backed securities; an asset class within SFG
SEC			U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

SFG			Structured finance group; an LOB of MIS
SG&A			Selling, general and administrative expenses
Tax Act			The “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” enacted into U.S. law on December 22, 2017 which significantly amends the tax code in the U.S.
~~Total Debt~~			~~All indebtedness of the Company as reflected on the consolidated balance sheets~~
Transaction Revenue			For MIS, represents the initial rating of a new debt issuance as well as other one-time fees. For MIS Other, represents revenue from professional services as well as data services, research and analytical engagements. For MA, represents perpetual software license fees and revenue from software implementation services, risk management advisory projects, training and certification services, and research and analytical engagements
U.K.			United Kingdom
U.S.			United States
USD			U.S. dollar
UTPs			Uncertain tax positions
Vigeo Eiris			A provider of in ESG research, data and assessments; acquired by the Company on April 12, 2019
2012 Senior Notes			Principal amount of $500 million, 4.50% senior unsecured notes due in September 2022

Table of Contents


TERM			DEFINITION
2013 Senior Notes			Principal amount of the $500 million, 4.875% senior unsecured notes due in February 2024
2014 Senior Notes (30-Year)			Principal amount of $600 million, 5.25% senior unsecured notes due in July 2044
2015 Senior Notes			Principal amount of €500 million, 1.75% senior unsecured notes due in March 2027
2017 Senior Notes Due 2023			Principal amount of $500 million, 2.625% senior unsecured notes due January 15, 2023
2017 Senior Notes Due 2028			Principal amount of $500 million, 3.250% senior unsecured notes due January 15, 2028

~~Table of Contents~~


~~TERM~~			~~DEFINITION~~
2017 Senior Notes Due 2021			Principal amount of $500 million, 2.75% senior unsecured notes due in December 2021
2018 Facility			Five-year unsecured revolving credit facility, with capacity to borrow up to $1 billion; backstops CP issued under the CP Program
2018 Senior Notes			Principal amount of $300 million, 3.25% senior unsecured notes, ~~due June 7, 2021~~repaid in 2020
2018 Senior Notes (10-year)			Principal amount of $400 million, 4.25% senior unsecured notes due February 1, 2029
2018 Senior Notes (30-year)			Principal amount of $400 million, 4.875% senior unsecured notes due December 17, 2048
2019 Senior Notes			Principal amount of €750 million, 0.950% senior unsecured notes due February 25, 2030
2020 Senior Notes Due 2025			Principal amount of $700 million, 3.75% senior unsecured notes due March 24, 2025
2020 Senior Notes Due 2050			Principal amount of $300 million, 3.25% senior unsecured notes due May 20, 2050

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

MOODY’S CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

(Amounts in millions, except per share data)

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2020 2019
Revenue $ 1,290 $ 1,142
Expenses
Operating 340 342
Selling, general and administrative 301 281
Restructuring (1) 6
Depreciation and amortization 49 50
Acquisition-Related Expenses — 1
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS 9 —
Total expenses 698 680
Operating income 592 462
Non-operating (expense) income, net
Interest expense, net (40)

(52)
Other non-operating income, net 12

2
Total non-operating expense, net (28) (50)
Income before provisions for income taxes 564 412
Provision for income taxes 77 38
Net income 487 374
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests (1) 1
Net income attributable to Moody's $ 488 $ 373
Earnings per share attributable to Moody's common shareholders
Basic $ 2.60

$ 1.96
Diluted $ 2.57

$ 1.93
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Basic 187.5

190.4
Diluted 189.6

192.8


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenue	$	1,435	$	1,214	$	2,725	$	2,356
Expenses
Operating	362		340		702		682
Selling, general and administrative	307		275		608		556
Restructuring	(2)		53		(3)		59
Depreciation and amortization	58		52		107		102
Acquisition-Related Expenses	—		2		—		3
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	—		9		9		9
Total expenses	725		731		1,423		1,411
Operating income	710		483		1,302		945
Non-operating (expense) income, net
Interest expense, net	(60)		(51)		(100)		(103)
Other non-operating income, net	16		—		28		2
Total non-operating expense, net	(44)		(51)		(72)		(101)
Income before provisions for income taxes	666		432		1,230		844
Provision for income taxes	157		121		234		159
Net income	509		311		996		685
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		1		(1)		2
Net income attributable to Moody's	$	509	$	310	$	997	$	683
Earnings per share attributable to Moody's common shareholders
Basic	$	2.71	$	1.64	$	5.31	$	3.60
Diluted	$	2.69	$	1.62	$	5.27	$	3.56
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Basic	187.7		189.4		187.6		189.9
Diluted	189.0		191.3		189.3		192.1

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

MOODY’S CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(Amounts in millions)


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2020										Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Pre-tax amounts		Tax amounts		After-tax amounts		Pre-tax amounts		Tax amounts		After-tax amounts
Net Income					$	509					$	311
Other Comprehensive Income (loss):
Foreign Currency Adjustments:
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net	$	78	$	1	79		$	42	$	—	42
Net losses on net investment hedges	(97)		24		(73)		(36)		7		(29)
Cash Flow Hedges:
Net losses on cash flow hedges	(20)		6		(14)		—		—		—

Pension and Other Retirement Benefits:
Amortization of actuarial losses and prior service costs included in net income	1		—		1		1		—		1
Net actuarial gains (losses) and prior service costs	9		(2)		7		(3)		1		(2)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	$	(29)	$	29	$	—	$	4	$	8	$	12
Comprehensive income					509						323
Less: comprehensive (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests					(11)						4
Comprehensive Income Attributable to Moody's					$	520					$	319


		Three Months Ended March 31,																							Six Months Ended June 30, 2020			Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
		2020										2019											Six Months Ended June 30, 2020				Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
		Pre-tax amounts		Tax amounts		After-tax amounts		Pre-tax amounts		Tax amounts		After-tax amounts			Pre-tax amounts		Tax amounts		After-tax amounts		Pre-tax amounts				After-tax amounts
Net Income	Net Income					$	487					$	374	Net Income					$	996					$	685
Other Comprehensive Income (loss):	Other Comprehensive Income (loss):													Other Comprehensive Income (loss):
Foreign Currency Adjustments:	Foreign Currency Adjustments:													Foreign Currency Adjustments:
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net	Foreign currency translation adjustments, net	$	(175)	$	5	(170)		$	(27)	$	—	(27)		Foreign currency translation adjustments, net	$	(97)	$	6	(91)		$	15	$	—	15
Net gains on net investment hedges		119		(30)		89		30		(7)		23
Net gains (losses) on net investment hedges														Net gains (losses) on net investment hedges	22		(6)		16		(6)		1		(5)

Cash Flow Hedges:	Cash Flow Hedges:													Cash Flow Hedges:
Net realized and unrealized (losses) gains on cash flow hedges		(48)		12		(36)		—		—		—
Net losses on cash flow hedges														Net losses on cash flow hedges	(68)		18		(50)		—		—		—
Reclassification of losses included in net income	Reclassification of losses included in net income	1		—		1		—		—		—		Reclassification of losses included in net income	1		—		1		—		—		—
Pension and Other Retirement Benefits:	Pension and Other Retirement Benefits:													Pension and Other Retirement Benefits:
Amortization of actuarial losses and prior service costs included in net income	Amortization of actuarial losses and prior service costs included in net income	2		(1)		1		1		(1)		—		Amortization of actuarial losses and prior service costs included in net income	3		(1)		2		2		(1)		1
Net actuarial (losses) gains and prior service costs		(1)		—		(1)		1		—		1
Net actuarial gains (losses) and prior service costs														Net actuarial gains (losses) and prior service costs	8		(2)		6		(2)		1		(1)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(102)		(14)		(116)		5		(8)		(3)		Total other comprehensive (loss) income	$	(131)	$	15	(116)		$	9	$	1	10
Comprehensive income	Comprehensive income					371						371		Comprehensive income					880						695
Less: comprehensive (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests	Less: comprehensive (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests					(2)						8		Less: comprehensive (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests					(13)						12
Comprehensive Income Attributable to Moody's	Comprehensive Income Attributable to Moody's					$	373					$	363	Comprehensive Income Attributable to Moody's					$	893					$	683

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

MOODY’S CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

(Amounts in millions, except per share data)


		March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019			June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
ASSETS	ASSETS					ASSETS
Current assets:	Current assets:					Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,141	$	1,832	Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,099	$	1,832
Short-term investments	Short-term investments	90		98		Short-term investments	100		98
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $42 in 2020 and $20 in 2019		1,413		1,419
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $41 in 2020 and $20 in 2019						Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $41 in 2020 and $20 in 2019	1,401		1,419
Other current assets	Other current assets	350		330		Other current assets	363		330

Total current assets	Total current assets	3,994		3,679		Total current assets	3,963		3,679
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $853 in 2020 and $839 in 2019		285		292
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $880 in 2020 and $839 in 2019						Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $880 in 2020 and $839 in 2019	298		292
Operating lease right-of-use assets	Operating lease right-of-use assets	437		456		Operating lease right-of-use assets	429		456
Goodwill	Goodwill	4,122		3,722		Goodwill	4,162		3,722
Intangible assets, net	Intangible assets, net	1,709		1,498		Intangible assets, net	1,697		1,498
Deferred tax assets, net	Deferred tax assets, net	165		229		Deferred tax assets, net	188		229
Other assets	Other assets	594		389		Other assets	561		389
Total assets	Total assets	$	11,306	$	10,265	Total assets	$	11,298	$	10,265
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY									LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:	Current liabilities:					Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	664	$	773	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	795	$	773
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	Current portion of operating lease liabilities	89		89		Current portion of operating lease liabilities	90		89
Commercial paper		485		—

Deferred revenue	Deferred revenue	1,113		1,050		Deferred revenue	1,001		1,050

Total current liabilities	Total current liabilities	2,351		1,912		Total current liabilities	1,886		1,912
Non-current portion of deferred revenue	Non-current portion of deferred revenue	109		112		Non-current portion of deferred revenue	104		112
Long-term debt	Long-term debt	6,303		5,581		Long-term debt	6,333		5,581
Deferred tax liabilities, net	Deferred tax liabilities, net	424		357		Deferred tax liabilities, net	414		357
Uncertain tax positions	Uncertain tax positions	448		477		Uncertain tax positions	455		477
Operating lease liabilities	Operating lease liabilities	463		485		Operating lease liabilities	451		485
Other liabilities	Other liabilities	403		504		Other liabilities	418		504
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	10,501		9,428		Total liabilities	10,061		9,428
Contingencies (Note 18)		—		—
Contingencies (Note 19)						Contingencies (Note 19)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	Redeemable noncontrolling interest	6		6		Redeemable noncontrolling interest	5		6
Shareholders' equity:	Shareholders' equity:									Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding	Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding	—		—		Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding	—		—
Series Common Stock, par value $.01 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding	Series Common Stock, par value $.01 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding	—		—		Series Common Stock, par value $.01 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding	—		—
Common stock, par value $.01 per share; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 342,902,272 shares issued at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.		3		3
Common stock, par value $.01 per share; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 342,902,272 shares issued at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.						Common stock, par value $.01 per share; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 342,902,272 shares issued at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.	3		3
Capital surplus	Capital surplus	616		642		Capital surplus	651		642
Retained earnings	Retained earnings	10,041		9,656		Retained earnings	10,442		9,656
Treasury stock, at cost; 155,386,192 and 155,215,143 shares of shares of common stock at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019		(9,524)		(9,250)
Treasury stock, at cost; 155,206,451 and 155,215,143 shares of shares of common stock at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019						Treasury stock, at cost; 155,206,451 and 155,215,143 shares of shares of common stock at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	(9,513)		(9,250)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(554)		(439)		Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(542)		(439)
Total Moody's shareholders' equity	Total Moody's shareholders' equity	582		612		Total Moody's shareholders' equity	1,041		612
Noncontrolling interests	Noncontrolling interests	217		219		Noncontrolling interests	191		219
Total shareholders' equity	Total shareholders' equity	799		831		Total shareholders' equity	1,232		831
Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests and shareholders' equity	Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests and shareholders' equity	$	11,306	$	10,265	Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests and shareholders' equity	$	11,298	$	10,265

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MOODY’S CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(Amounts in millions)


		Three Months Ended March 31,								Six Months Ended June 30,
		2020		2019			2020			2019
Cash flows from operating activities	Cash flows from operating activities								Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	Net income	$	487	$	374	Net income	$	996		$	685
Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities:					Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	49		50		Depreciation and amortization	107			102
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation	37		36		Stock-based compensation	72			70
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	57		14		Deferred income taxes	46			(3)

ROU Asset impairment & other non-cash restructuring/impairment charges						ROU Asset impairment & other non-cash restructuring/impairment charges	—			29
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	9		—		Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	9			9
Changes in assets and liabilities:	Changes in assets and liabilities:					Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	Accounts receivable	(7)		(8)		Accounts receivable	11			30
Other current assets	Other current assets	(38)		(6)		Other current assets	(45)			(58)

Other assets	Other assets	2		(14)		Other assets	(39)			(33)
Restructuring liability		(12)		(3)

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(186)		(180)		Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(37)			(96)
Deferred revenue	Deferred revenue	64		104		Deferred revenue	(60)			(8)
Unrecognized tax benefits and other non-current tax liabilities	Unrecognized tax benefits and other non-current tax liabilities	(18)		(22)		Unrecognized tax benefits and other non-current tax liabilities	(13)			(15)
Other liabilities	Other liabilities	(99)		22		Other liabilities	(70)			43
Net cash provided by operating activities	Net cash provided by operating activities	345		367		Net cash provided by operating activities	977			755
Cash flows from investing activities	Cash flows from investing activities										Cash flows from investing activities
Capital additions	Capital additions	(21)		(20)		Capital additions	(62)			(39)
Purchases of investments	Purchases of investments	(78)		(38)		Purchases of investments	(108)			(70)
Sales and maturities of investments	Sales and maturities of investments	23		51		Sales and maturities of investments	45			93

Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(696)		—		Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(698)			(37)

Net cash used in investing activities	Net cash used in investing activities	(772)		(7)		Net cash used in investing activities	(823)			(53)
Cash flows from financing activities	Cash flows from financing activities					Cash flows from financing activities
Issuance of notes	Issuance of notes	700		—		Issuance of notes	995			—
Repayment of notes	Repayment of notes	—		(450)		Repayment of notes	(300)			(450)
Issuance of commercial paper	Issuance of commercial paper	789		402		Issuance of commercial paper	789			942
Repayment of commercial paper	Repayment of commercial paper	(305)		(85)		Repayment of commercial paper	(792)			(815)
Proceeds from stock-based compensation plans	Proceeds from stock-based compensation plans	16		14		Proceeds from stock-based compensation plans	29			29
Repurchase of shares related to stock-based compensation	Repurchase of shares related to stock-based compensation	(71)		(51)		Repurchase of shares related to stock-based compensation	(100)			(75)
Treasury shares	Treasury shares	(253)		(448)		Treasury shares	(253)			(615)
Dividends	Dividends	(105)		(94)		Dividends	(210)			(189)
Debt issuance costs		(6)		—
Payment for noncontrolling interest		—		(12)
Cash paid for ASR contract relating to shares retained by Counterparty until final settlement		—		(125)
Debt issuance costs, extinguishment costs and related fees						Debt issuance costs, extinguishment costs and related fees	(17)			—
Dividends to noncontrolling interest						Dividends to noncontrolling interest	(1)			(1)
Payment to acquire noncontrolling interests						Payment to acquire noncontrolling interests	(17)			(12)

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	765		(849)		Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	123			(1,186)

Reclassification of cash to assets held for sale						Reclassification of cash to assets held for sale	—			(8)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(29)		1		Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(10)			3
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	309		(488)		Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	267			(489)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	1,832		1,685		Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	1,832			1,685
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	2,141	$	1,197	Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	2,099		$	1,196

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MOODY’S CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(Amounts in millions, except per share data)


Shareholders of Moody's Corporation
	Common Stock					Capital Surplus		Retained Earnings	Treasury Stock								Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Moody's Shareholders' Equity		Non- Controlling Interests	Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount									Shares			Amount
Balance at March 31, 2019	342.9	$	3	$	436	$	8,893	(153.3)	$	(8,754)		$	(455)		$	123	$	202	$	325
Net income						310									310		1		311
Dividends ($0.50 per share)						(95)									(95)		(1)		(96)
Stock-based compensation				34											34				34
Shares issued for stock-based compensation plans at average cost, net				(4)				0.3	18						14				14
Non-controlling interest resulting from majority acquisition of Vigeo Eiris															—		17		17
Treasury shares repurchased				109				(0.7)	(151)						(42)				(42)
Currency translation adjustment and net gain on net investment hedges (net of tax of $8 million)												10			10		3		13
Net actuarial gains and prior service cost (net of tax of $1 million)												(2)			(2)				(2)
Amortization of prior service costs and actuarial losses												1			1				1
Balance at June 30, 2019	342.9	$	3	$	575	$	9,108	(153.7)	$	(8,887)		$	(446)		$	353	$	222	$	575

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

MOODY'S CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(Amounts in millions, except per share data)


Shareholders of Moody's Corporation	Shareholders of Moody's Corporation																																																														Shareholders of Moody's Corporation
		Common Stock					Capital Surplus				Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock												Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Moody's Shareholders' Equity		Non- Controlling Interests			Total Shareholders' Equity									Common Stock										Capital Surplus					Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock											Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Moody's Shareholders' Equity	Non- Controlling Interests	Total Shareholders' Equity
		Shares	Amount										Shares				Amount																										Capital Surplus			Retained Earnings												Total Moody's Shareholders' Equity				Non- Controlling Interests				Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2018	Balance at December 31, 2018	342.9	$	3	$	601			$	8,594		(151.6)			$	(8,313)			$	(426)			$	459											$	197			$	656							Balance at December 31, 2018		342.9					$	3												$	601							$	8,594	(151.6)	$	(8,313)	$	(426)	$	459
Net income	Net income						373														373				1		374					Net income																683																	683				2		685
Dividends ($0.50 per share)							(94)														(94)				—		(94)
Dividends ($1.00 per share)																														Dividends ($1.00 per share)												(189)															(189)				(1)				(190)
Adoption of ASU 2018-02, relating to the Tax Act	Adoption of ASU 2018-02, relating to the Tax Act						20										(20)				—						—					Adoption of ASU 2018-02, relating to the Tax Act												20												(20)				—								—
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation				36																36						36					Stock-based compensation									70																		70								70
Shares issued for stock-based compensation plans at average cost, net	Shares issued for stock-based compensation plans at average cost, net				(67)						1.0		7								(60)						(60)					Shares issued for stock-based compensation plans at average cost, net									(71)						1.3				25								(46)								(46)
Purchase of noncontrolling interest	Purchase of noncontrolling interest				(9)																(9)				(3)		(12)					Purchase of noncontrolling interest									(9)																		(9)					(3)			(12)
Non-controlling interest resulting from majority acquisition of Vigeo Eiris																														Non-controlling interest resulting from majority acquisition of Vigeo Eiris																											—				17				17
Treasury shares repurchased	Treasury shares repurchased										(2.7)		(448)								(448)						(448)					Treasury shares repurchased									(16)						(3.4)				(599)								(615)								(615)
Accelerated Share Repurchase pending final settlement					(125)																(125)						(125)
Currency translation adjustment, net of net investment hedge activity (net of tax of $7 million)																	(10)				(10)				7		(3)

Currency translation adjustment, net of net investment hedge activity (net of tax of $1 million)																														Currency translation adjustment, net of net investment hedge activity (net of tax of $1 million)																						—					—				10				10
Net actuarial gains and prior service cost	Net actuarial gains and prior service cost																1				1						1					Net actuarial gains and prior service cost																								(1)			(1)								(1)
Amortization of prior service costs and actuarial losses																														Amortization of prior service costs and actuarial losses																						1					1								1

Balance at March 31, 2019		342.9	$	3	$	436	$	8,893			(153.3)		$	(8,754)			$	(455)			$	123			$	202	$	325
Balance at June 30, 2019																														Balance at June 30, 2019	342.9		$	3			$	575				$	9,108		(153.7)				$	(8,887)		$	(446)				$	353			$	222			$	575

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MOODY'S CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(Amounts in millions, except per share data)


Shareholders of Moody's Corporation
	Common Stock					Capital Surplus		Retained Earnings	Treasury Stock								Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Moody's Shareholders' Equity		Non- Controlling Interests	Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount									Shares			Amount
Balance at March 31, 2020	342.9	$	3	$	616	$	10,041	(155.4)	$	(9,524)		$	(554)		$	582	$	217	$	799
Net income						509									509		1		510
Dividends ($0.56 per share)						(108)									(108)		—		(108)
Stock-based compensation				35											35				35
Shares issued for stock-based compensation plans at average cost, net				2				0.2	11						13				13

Purchase of noncontrolling interest				(2)											(2)		(15)		(17)

Currency translation adjustment, net of net investment hedge activity (net of tax of $25 million)												18			18		(12)		6
Net actuarial gains and prior service cost (net of tax of $2 million)												7			7				7
Amortization of prior service costs and actuarial losses												1			1				1
Net realized gain on cash flow hedges (net of tax of $6 million)												(14)			(14)				(14)
Balance at June 30, 2020	342.9	$	3	$	651	$	10,442	(155.2)	$	(9,513)		$	(542)		$	1,041	$	191	$	1,232

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MOODY'S CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY UNAUDITED)

(Amounts in millions, except per share data)


Shareholders of Moody's Corporation	Shareholders of Moody's Corporation																																																						Shareholders of Moody's Corporation
		Common Stock					Capital Surplus				Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock												Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Moody's Shareholders' Equity				Non- Controlling Interests		Total Shareholders' Equity		Common Stock									Capital Surplus				Retained Earnings				Treasury Stock										Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Moody's Shareholders' Equity		Non- Controlling Interests			Total Shareholders' Equity
		Shares	Amount										Shares				Amount																								Capital Surplus		Retained Earnings											Total Moody's Shareholders' Equity				Non- Controlling Interests			Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2019	Balance at December 31, 2019	342.9	$	3	$	642			$	9,656		(155.2)			$	(9,250)			$	(439)			$	612									$	219		$	831	Balance at December 31, 2019	342.9							$	3			$	642												$	9,656		(155.2)		$	(9,250)		$	(439)	$	612
Net income/(loss)							488														488				(1)		487
Dividends ($0.56 per share)							(101)														(101)				—		(101)
Net income																													Net income										997													997				—			997
Dividends ($1.12 per share)																													Dividends ($1.12 per share)										(209)													(209)				—			(209)
Adoption of New Credit Losses Accounting Standard	Adoption of New Credit Losses Accounting Standard						(2)														(2)						(2)		Adoption of New Credit Losses Accounting Standard										(2)													(2)							(2)

Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation				37																37						37		Stock-based compensation						72																	72							72
Shares issued for stock-based compensation plans at average cost, net	Shares issued for stock-based compensation plans at average cost, net				(63)						0.9		(21)								(84)						(84)		Shares issued for stock-based compensation plans at average cost, net						(61)							1.1		(10)								(71)							(71)

Purchase of noncontrolling interest																													Purchase of noncontrolling interest						(2)																	(2)				(15)			(17)

Treasury shares repurchased	Treasury shares repurchased										(1.1)		(253)								(253)						(253)		Treasury shares repurchased													(1.1)		(253)								(253)							(253)
Currency translation adjustment, net of net investment hedge activity (net of tax of $25 million)																	(80)				(80)				(1)		(81)
Net actuarial gains and prior service cost																	(1)				(1)						(1)
Currency translation adjustment, net of net investment hedge activity																													Currency translation adjustment, net of net investment hedge activity																			(62)				(62)				(13)			(75)
Net actuarial gains and prior service cost (net of tax of $2 million)																													Net actuarial gains and prior service cost (net of tax of $2 million)																			6				6							6
Amortization of prior service costs and actuarial losses (net of tax of $1 million)	Amortization of prior service costs and actuarial losses (net of tax of $1 million)																1				1						1		Amortization of prior service costs and actuarial losses (net of tax of $1 million)																			2				2							2
Net realized and unrealized gain on cash flow hedges (net of tax of $12 million)																	(35)				(35)						(35)
Balance at March 31, 2020		342.9	$	3	$	616	$	10,041			(155.4)		$	(9,524)			$	(554)			$	582			$	217	$	799
Net realized and unrealized gain on cash flow hedges (net of tax of $18 million)																													Net realized and unrealized gain on cash flow hedges (net of tax of $18 million)																			(49)				(49)							(49)
Balance at June 30, 2020																													Balance at June 30, 2020	342.9		$	3		$	651			$	10,442		(155.2)		$	(9,513)			$	(542)			$	1,041			$	191		$	1,232

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MOODY’S CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

(tabular dollar and share amounts in millions, except per share data)

NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Moody’s is a provider of (i) credit ratings and assessment services; (ii) credit, capital markets and economic research, data and analytical tools; (iii) software solutions that support financial risk management activities; (iv) quantitatively derived credit scores; (v) learning solutions and certification services; and (vi) company information and business intelligence products. Moody’s reports in 2 reportable segments: MIS and MA.

MIS, the credit rating agency, publishes credit ratings and provides assessment services on a wide range of debt obligations and the entities that issue such obligations in markets worldwide. Revenue is primarily derived from the originators and issuers of such transactions who use MIS ratings in the distribution of their debt issues to investors. Additionally, MIS earns revenue from certain non-ratings-related operations which consist primarily of financial instrument pricing services in the Asia-Pacific region, revenue from ICRA’s non-ratings operations and revenue from providing ESG research, data and assessments. The revenue from these operations is included in the MIS Other LOB and is not material to the results of the MIS segment.

MA provides financial intelligence and analytical tools to assist businesses in making decisions. MA’s portfolio of solutions consists of specialized research, data, software, and professional services, which are assembled to support the financial analysis and risk management activities of institutional customers worldwide.

These interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes in the Company’s 2019 annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2020. The results of interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year or any subsequent period. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (including normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows at the dates and for the periods presented have been included. The year-end consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current presentation.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The Company has implemented policies and procedures in compliance with the “expected credit loss” impairment model, which included (1) refinement of the grouping of receivables with similar risk characteristics; and (2) processes to identify information that can be used to develop reasonable and supportable forecasts of factors that could affect the collectability of the reported amount of the receivable. As the Company's accounts receivable are short-term in nature, the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact to the Company's allowance for bad debts or its policies and procedures for determining the allowance. Refer to Note 2 for further information on how the Company determines its reserves for expected credit losses. The Company recorded a $2 million cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings to increase its allowance for credit losses upon adoption.

On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU No. 2018-15, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract.” This ASU requires implementation costs incurred by customers in cloud computing arrangements (i.e., hosting arrangements) to be capitalized under the same provisions of authoritative guidance for internal-use software, and amortized over the non-cancellable term of the cloud computing arrangements plus any option renewal periods that are reasonably certain to be exercised by the customer or for which the exercise is controlled by the service provider. The Company will be required to present the amortization of capitalized implementation costs in the same line item in the statement of operations as the fees associated with the hosting service (i.e. operating and SG&A expense) and classify the related payments in the statement of cash flows in the same manner as payments made for fees associated with the hosting service (i.e. cash flows from operating activities). This ASU also requires capitalization of implementation costs in the balance sheet to be consistent with the location of prepayment of fees for the hosting element (i.e. within other current assets or other assets).The Company adopted this ASU prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption and it did not have a material impact on the Company's current financial statements. The future impact to the Company's financial statements will relate to the aforementioned classification of these capitalized costs and related amortization.

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In March 2020, FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, "Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting". The ASU provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the U.S. GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. This guidance was effective beginning on March 12, 2020, and the Company may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022 as the transition from LIBOR is completed.

COVID-19

The Company is closely monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic ~~of the novel strain of coronavirus, COVID-19,~~ on all aspects of its business. While the Company has selectively reopened certain of its offices, Moody’s ~~has transitioned~~continues to require remote work for ~~all~~most employees ~~globally~~globally. The Company continues to ~~help reduce~~monitor regional developments relating to the ~~spread of COVID-19.~~COVID-19 pandemic to inform decisions on office re-openings.

The Company experienced disruption in certain sectors of its business beginning late in the first quarter of 2020 ~~(including a decline in leveraged finance related issuance volumes)~~ resulting from market volatility associated with the COVID-19 crisis. However, at the date of the filing of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, the Company is unable to predict either the potential near-term or longer-term impact that the COVID-19 crisis may have on its financial position and operating results due to numerous uncertainties regarding the duration and severity of the crisis. As a result, it is reasonably possible that the Company could experience material impacts including, but not limited to: reductions in revenue and cash flows; additional credit losses related to accounts receivables; asset impairment charges; ~~changes in the effectiveness of certain hedging instruments;~~ and changes in the funded status of defined benefit pension plans. While it is reasonably possible that the COVID-19 crisis will have a material impact on the results of operations and cash flows of the Company in 2020, Moody's believes that it has adequate liquidity to maintain its operations with minimal disruption in the near term and to maintain compliance with its debt covenants.

In ~~March,~~the first half of 2020, in order to maximize liquidity and to increase available cash on hand through this period of uncertainty, the Company ~~issued~~added $700 million in ~~5-year Senior Notes~~additional long-term borrowings and began ~~drawing on~~borrowing under its CP Program as more fully discussed in Note ~~16.~~17 . At June 30, 2020, the Company had repaid all CP outstanding. In addition, the Company is reducing discretionary spending, including suspending its share repurchase program until further notice.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was enacted on March 27, 2020 in the United States. The Company ~~intends on utilizing~~will utilize certain provisions in the CARES Act and other IRS guidance which permit the deferral of certain income and payroll tax remittances.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted the New Credit Losses Accounting Standard as more fully discussed in Note 1. Accordingly, the Company revised its accounts receivable allowances accounting policy to reflect the provisions of the new standard, which is discussed below along with the capitalized software accounting policy, which was also updated ~~this quarter~~ to reflect the New Internal Use Software Accounting Standard. All other significant accounting policies described in the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 remain unchanged.

Accounts Receivable Allowances

On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” as more fully described in Note 1. As the Company's accounts receivable are short-term in nature, the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact to the Company's allowance for bad debts or its policies and procedures for determining the allowance.

In order to determine an estimate of expected credit losses, receivables are segmented based on similar risk characteristics including historical credit loss patterns and industry or class of customers to calculate reserve rates. The Company uses an aging method for developing its allowance for credit losses by which receivable balances are stratified based on aging category. A reserve rate is calculated for each aging category which is generally based on historical information. The reserve rate is adjusted, when necessary, for current conditions (e.g., macroeconomic or industry related) and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future. The Company also considers customer specific information (e.g., bankruptcy or financial difficulty) when estimating its expected credit losses, as well as the economic environment of the customers, both from an industry and geographic perspective, in evaluating the need for allowances. Expected credit losses are reflected as additions to the accounts receivable allowance. Actual uncollectible account write-offs are recorded against the allowance.

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As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, Moody's assessment included consideration of the current COVID-19 pandemic and its estimated impact on the Company's accounts receivable allowances. This assessment involved the utilization of significant judgment regarding the expected severity and duration of the market disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as judgment regarding which industries, classes of customers and geographies would be most significantly impacted.

During the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, the Company recorded a net provision for expected ~~credited~~credit losses of ~~$24~~$28 million. The increase in the provision for expected credit losses for the current period was primarily attributable to the aforementioned estimated effects of COVID-19.

Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use

The Company capitalizes costs related to software developed or obtained for internal use. These assets, included in property and equipment in the consolidated balance sheets, relate to the Company’s financial systems, website and other systems. Such costs generally consist of direct costs for third-party perpetual license fees, professional services provided by third parties and employee compensation, in each case incurred either during the application development stage or in connection with upgrades and enhancements that increase functionality. Such costs are depreciated over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. Costs incurred during the preliminary project stage of development as well as maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

The Company also capitalizes implementation costs incurred in cloud computing arrangements (i.e., hosting arrangements) and depreciates the costs over the non-cancellable term of the cloud computing arrangements plus any option renewal periods that are reasonably certain to be exercised or for which the exercise is controlled by the service provider. Following the January 1, 2020 adoption of ASU No. 2018-15, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract" (as further discussed in Note 1), the Company classifies the amortization of capitalized implementation costs in the same line item in the statement of operations as the fees associated with the hosting service (i.e., operating and SG&A expense) and classifies the related payments in the statement of cash flows in the same manner as payments made for fees associated with the hosting service (i.e. cash flows from operating activities). In addition, the capitalization of implementation costs is reflected in the balance sheet consistent with the location of prepayment of fees for the hosting element (i.e., within other current assets or other assets). The implementation costs incurred prior to adoption of this ASU have been included within property and equipment, net in the balance sheet with the amortization of such balance included within depreciation and amortization in the statement of operations.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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NOTE 3. REVENUES

Revenue by Category

The following table presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated by LOB:


		Three Months Ended March 31,							Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2020		2019			2020		2019		2020		2019
MIS:	MIS:					MIS:
Corporate finance (CFG)	Corporate finance (CFG)					Corporate finance (CFG)
Investment-grade	Investment-grade	$	144	$	97	Investment-grade	$	291	$	96	$	435	$	193
High-yield	High-yield	75		57		High-yield	99		69		174		126
Bank loans	Bank loans	89		73		Bank loans	43		83		132		156
Other accounts ⁽¹⁾	Other accounts ⁽¹⁾	145		128		Other accounts ⁽¹⁾	139		140		284		268
Total CFG	Total CFG	453		355		Total CFG	572		388		1,025		743
Structured finance (SFG)	Structured finance (SFG)					Structured finance (SFG)
Asset-backed securities	Asset-backed securities	22		23		Asset-backed securities	23		26		45		49
RMBS	RMBS	27		24		RMBS	23		24		50		48
CMBS	CMBS	17		18		CMBS	13		20		30		38
Structured credit	Structured credit	29		35		Structured credit	21		41		50		76
Other accounts	Other accounts	1		1		Other accounts	1		1		2		2
Total SFG	Total SFG	96		101		Total SFG	81		112		177		213
Financial institutions (FIG)	Financial institutions (FIG)									Financial institutions (FIG)
Banking	Banking	86		80		Banking	88		84		174		164
Insurance	Insurance	30		29		Insurance	44		28		74		57
Managed investments	Managed investments	6		4		Managed investments	8		10		14		14
Other accounts	Other accounts	3		3		Other accounts	2		3		5		6
Total FIG	Total FIG	125		116		Total FIG	142		125		267		241
Public, project and infrastructure finance (PPIF)	Public, project and infrastructure finance (PPIF)									Public, project and infrastructure finance (PPIF)
Public finance / sovereign	Public finance / sovereign	57		46		Public finance / sovereign	64		53		121		99
Project and infrastructure	Project and infrastructure	52		47		Project and infrastructure	69		55		121		102
Total PPIF	Total PPIF	109		93		Total PPIF	133		108		242		201
Total ratings revenue	Total ratings revenue	783		665		Total ratings revenue	928		733		1,711		1,398
MIS Other	MIS Other	11		5		MIS Other	10		6		21		11
Total external revenue	Total external revenue	794		670		Total external revenue	938		739		1,732		1,409
Intersegment royalty	Intersegment royalty	37		32		Intersegment royalty	35		33		72		65
Total MIS	Total MIS	831		702		Total MIS	973		772		1,804		1,474
MA:	MA:					MA:
Research, data and analytics (RD&A)	Research, data and analytics (RD&A)	358		308		Research, data and analytics (RD&A)	366		315		724		623
Enterprise risk solutions (ERS)	Enterprise risk solutions (ERS)	138		122		Enterprise risk solutions (ERS)	131		117		269		239
Professional services (PS) ⁽²⁾	Professional services (PS) ⁽²⁾	—		42		Professional services (PS) ⁽²⁾	—		43		—		85
Total external revenue	Total external revenue	496		472		Total external revenue	497		475		993		947
Intersegment revenue	Intersegment revenue	2		2		Intersegment revenue	2		3		4		5
Total MA	Total MA	498		474		Total MA	499		478		997		952
Eliminations	Eliminations	(39)		(34)		Eliminations	(37)		(36)		(76)		(70)
Total MCO	Total MCO	$	1,290	$	1,142	Total MCO	$	1,435	$	1,214	$	2,725	$	2,356

⁽¹⁾ Other includes: recurring monitoring fees of a rated debt obligation and/or entities that issue such obligations as well as fees from programs such as commercial paper, medium term notes, and ICRA corporate finance revenue.

⁽²⁾ Subsequent to the divestiture of MAKS in 2019, revenue from the MALS reporting unit, which previous to 2020 was reported in the PS LOB, ~~will~~is now be reported as part of the RD&A LOB. Prior periods have not been reclassified as the amounts were not material.

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The following table presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated by LOB and geographic area:


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2020										Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
	U.S.		Non-U.S		Total		U.S.		Non-U.S		Total
MIS:
Corporate finance (CFG)	$	413	$	159	$	572	$	242	$	146	$	388
Structured finance (SFG)	45		36		81		72		40		112
Financial institutions (FIG)	70		72		142		52		73		125
Public, project and infrastructure finance (PPIF)	87		46		133		69		39		108
Total ratings revenue	615		313		928		435		298		733
MIS Other	1		9		10		1		5		6
Total MIS	616		322		938		436		303		739
MA:
Research, data and analytics (RD&A)	167		199		366		138		177		315
Enterprise risk solutions (ERS)	54		77		131		46		71		117
Professional services (PS) ⁽¹⁾	—		—		—		18		25		43
Total MA	221		276		497		202		273		475
Total MCO	$	837	$	598	$	1,435	$	638	$	576	$	1,214


		Three Months Ended March 31, 2020										Three Months Ended March 31, 2019											Six Months Ended June 30, 2020				Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
		U.S.		Non-U.S		Total		U.S.		Non-U.S		Total			U.S.		Non-U.S		Total		U.S.		Non-U.S		Total
MIS:	MIS:																									MIS:
Corporate finance (CFG)	Corporate finance (CFG)	$	314	$	139	$	453	$	243	$	112	$	355	Corporate finance (CFG)	$	727	$	298	$	1,025	$	485	$	258	$	743
Structured finance (SFG)	Structured finance (SFG)	61		35		96		62		39		101		Structured finance (SFG)	106		71		177		134		79		213
Financial institutions (FIG)	Financial institutions (FIG)	60		65		125		46		70		116		Financial institutions (FIG)	130		137		267		98		143		241
Public, project and infrastructure finance (PPIF)	Public, project and infrastructure finance (PPIF)	68		41		109		60		33		93		Public, project and infrastructure finance (PPIF)	155		87		242		129		72		201
Total ratings revenue	Total ratings revenue	503		280		783		411		254		665		Total ratings revenue	1,118		593		1,711		846		552		1,398
MIS Other	MIS Other	—		11		11		—		5		5		MIS Other	1		20		21		1		10		11
Total MIS	Total MIS	503		291		794		411		259		670		Total MIS	1,119		613		1,732		847		562		1,409
MA:	MA:																									MA:
Research, data and analytics (RD&A)	Research, data and analytics (RD&A)	158		200		358		135		173		308		Research, data and analytics (RD&A)	325		399		724		273		350		623
Enterprise risk solutions (ERS)	Enterprise risk solutions (ERS)	53		85		138		48		74		122		Enterprise risk solutions (ERS)	107		162		269		94		145		239
Professional services (PS) ⁽¹⁾	Professional services (PS) ⁽¹⁾	—		—		—		18		24		42		Professional services (PS) ⁽¹⁾	—		—		—		36		49		85
Total MA	Total MA	211		285		496		201		271		472		Total MA	432		561		993		403		544		947
Total MCO	Total MCO	$	714	$	576	$	1,290	$	612	$	530	$	1,142	Total MCO	$	1,551	$	1,174	$	2,725	$	1,250	$	1,106	$	2,356

⁽¹⁾Subsequent to the divestiture of MAKS in 2019, the RD&A LOB now includes revenue from ~~Moody's Analytics Learning Solutions (MALS)~~MALS beginning in the first quarter of 2020. MALS revenue was previously reported as part of the PS LOB and prior year revenue by LOB has not been reclassified as the amounts were not material.

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The following table presents the Company’s reportable segment revenues disaggregated by segment and geographic region:


		Three Months Ended March 31,								Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2020		2019			2020			2019		2020		2019
MIS:	MIS:								MIS:
U.S.	U.S.	$	503	$	411	U.S.	$	616		$	436	$	1,119	$	847
Non-U.S.:	Non-U.S.:					Non-U.S.:
EMEA	EMEA	171		149		EMEA	183			178		354		327
Asia-Pacific	Asia-Pacific	81		79		Asia-Pacific	90			84		171		163
Americas	Americas	39		31		Americas	49			41		88		72
Total Non-U.S.	Total Non-U.S.	291		259		Total Non-U.S.	322			303		613		562
Total MIS	Total MIS	794		670		Total MIS	938			739		1,732		1,409
MA:	MA:					MA:
U.S.	U.S.	211		201		U.S.	221			202		432		403
Non-U.S.:	Non-U.S.:					Non-U.S.:
EMEA	EMEA	192		184		EMEA	190			184		382		368
Asia-Pacific	Asia-Pacific	55		53		Asia-Pacific	54			57		109		110
Americas	Americas	38		34		Americas	32			32		70		66
Total Non-U.S.	Total Non-U.S.	285		271		Total Non-U.S.	276			273		561		544
Total MA	Total MA	496		472		Total MA	497			475		993		947
Total MCO	Total MCO	$	1,290	$	1,142	Total MCO	$	1,435		$	1,214	$	2,725	$	2,356

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The following tables summarize the split between transaction and relationship revenue. In the MIS segment, excluding MIS Other, transaction revenue represents the initial rating of a new debt issuance as well as other one-time fees while relationship revenue represents the recurring monitoring fees of a rated debt obligation and/or entities that issue such obligations, as well as revenue from programs such as commercial paper, medium-term notes and shelf registrations. In MIS Other, transaction revenue represents revenue from professional services and outsourcing engagements and relationship revenue represents subscription-based revenues. In the MA segment, relationship revenue represents subscription-based revenues and software maintenance revenue. Transaction revenue in MA represents perpetual software license fees and revenue from software implementation services, risk management advisory projects, training and certification services, and outsourced research and analytical engagements.


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2020															2019
	Transaction			Relationship			Total			Transaction			Relationship			Total
Corporate Finance	$	457		$	115		$	572		$	277		$	111		$	388
	80		%	20		%	100		%	71		%	29		%	100		%
Structured Finance	$	35		$	46		$	81		$	69		$	43		$	112
	43		%	57		%	100		%	62		%	38		%	100		%
Financial Institutions	$	76		$	66		$	142		$	61		$	64		$	125
	54		%	46		%	100		%	49		%	51		%	100		%
Public, Project and Infrastructure Finance	$	96		$	37		$	133		$	71		$	37		$	108
	72		%	28		%	100		%	66		%	34		%	100		%
MIS Other	$	—		$	10		$	10		$	—		$	6		$	6
	—		%	100		%	100		%	—		%	100		%	100		%
Total MIS	$	664		$	274		$	938		$	478		$	261		$	739
	71		%	29		%	100		%	65		%	35		%	100		%
Research, data and analytics	$	16		$	350		$	366		$	4		$	311		$	315
	4		%	96		%	100		%	1		%	99		%	100		%
Enterprise risk solutions	$	26		$	105		$	131		$	23		$	94		$	117
	20		%	80		%	100		%	20		%	80		%	100		%
Professional services	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	43		$	—		$	43
	—		%	—		%	—		%	100		%	—		%	100		%
Total MA	$	42		$	455		$	497		$	70		$	405		$	475
	8		%	92		%	100		%	15		%	85		%	100		%
Total Moody's Corporation	$	706		$	729		$	1,435		$	548		$	666		$	1,214
	49		%	51		%	100		%	45		%	55		%	100		%

Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019
Transaction Relationship Total Transaction Relationship Total
Corporate Finance $ 338 $ 115 $ 453 $ 249 $ 106 $ 355
75 % 25 % 100 % 70 % 30 % 100 %
Structured Finance $ 50 $ 46 $ 96 $ 57 $ 44 $ 101
52 % 48 % 100 % 56 % 44 % 100 %
Financial Institutions $ 60 $ 65 $ 125 $ 48 $ 68 $ 116
48 % 52 % 100 % 41 % 59 % 100 %
Public, Project and Infrastructure Finance $ 69 $ 40 $ 109 $ 55 $ 38 $ 93
63 % 37 % 100 % 59 % 41 % 100 %
MIS Other $ 2 $ 9 $ 11 $ 1 $ 4 $ 5
18 % 82 % 100 % 20 % 80 % 100 %
Total MIS $ 519 $ 275 $ 794 $ 410 $ 260 $ 670
65 % 35 % 100 % 61 % 39 % 100 %
Research, data and analytics $ 18 $ 340 $ 358 $ 5 $ 303 $ 308
5 % 95 % 100 % 2 % 98 % 100 %
Enterprise risk solutions $ 32 $ 106 $ 138 $ 24 $ 98 $ 122
23 % 77 % 100 % 20 % 80 % 100 %
Professional services $ — $ — $ — $ 42 $ — $ 42
— % — % — % 100 % — % 100 %
Total MA $ 50
⁽¹⁾
$ 446 $ 496 $ 71
⁽¹⁾
$ 401 $ 472
10 % 90 % 100 % 15 % 85 % 100 %
Total Moody's Corporation $ 569 $ 721 $ 1,290 $ 481 $ 661 $ 1,142
44 % 56 % 100 % 42 % 58 % 100 %

Table of Contents


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020																	2019
	Transaction				Relationship			Total			Transaction				Relationship			Total
Corporate Finance	$	795			$	230		$	1,025		$	526			$	217		$	743
	78		%		22		%	100		%	71		%		29		%	100		%
Structured Finance	$	85			$	92		$	177		$	126			$	87		$	213
	48		%		52		%	100		%	59		%		41		%	100		%
Financial Institutions	$	136			$	131		$	267		$	109			$	132		$	241
	51		%		49		%	100		%	45		%		55		%	100		%
Public, Project and Infrastructure Finance	$	165			$	77		$	242		$	126			$	75		$	201
	68		%		32		%	100		%	63		%		37		%	100		%
MIS Other	$	2			$	19		$	21		$	1			$	10		$	11
	10		%		90		%	100		%	9		%		91		%	100		%
Total MIS	$	1,183			$	549		$	1,732		$	888			$	521		$	1,409
	68		%		32		%	100		%	63		%		37		%	100		%
Research, data and analytics	$	34			$	690		$	724		$	9			$	614		$	623
	5		%		95		%	100		%	1		%		99		%	100		%
Enterprise risk solutions	$	58			$	211		$	269		47				$	192		$	239
	22		%		78		%	100		%	20		%		80		%	100		%
Professional services	$	—			$	—		$	—		$	85			$	—		$	85
	—		%		—		%	—		%	100		%		—		%	100		%
Total MA	$	92		⁽¹⁾	$	901		$	993		$	141		⁽¹⁾	$	806		$	947
	9		%		91		%	100		%	15		%		85		%	100		%
Total Moody's Corporation	$	1,275			$	1,450		$	2,725		$	1,029			$	1,327		$	2,356
	47		%		53		%	100		%	44		%		56		%	100		%

⁽¹⁾ Revenue from software implementation services and risk management advisory projects, while classified by management as transactional revenue, is recognized over time under the ~~New~~ Revenue Accounting Standard (please also refer to the following table).

The following table presents the timing of revenue recognition:


		Three Months Ended March 31, 2020											Three Months Ended June 30, 2020								Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
		MIS		MA		Total			MIS		MA		Total		MIS		MA		Total
Revenue recognized at a point in time	Revenue recognized at a point in time	$	519	$	39	$	558	Revenue recognized at a point in time	$	664	$	20	$	684	$	1,183	$	59	$	1,242
Revenue recognized over time	Revenue recognized over time	275		457		732		Revenue recognized over time	274		477		751		549		934		1,483
Total	Total	$	794	$	496	$	1,290	Total	$	938	$	497	$	1,435	$	1,732	$	993	$	2,725

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
MIS MA Total
Revenue recognized at a point in time $ 410 $ 30 $ 440
Revenue recognized over time 260 442 702
Total $ 670 $ 472 $ 1,142

~~Table of Contents~~


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019										Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
	MIS		MA		Total		MIS		MA		Total
Revenue recognized at a point in time	$	478	$	22	$	500	$	888	$	52	$	940
Revenue recognized over time	261		453		714		521		895		1,416
Total	$	739	$	475	$	1,214	$	1,409	$	947	$	2,356

Unbilled receivables, deferred revenue and remaining performance obligations

Unbilled receivables

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, accounts receivable, net included ~~$404~~$437 million and $346 million, respectively, of unbilled receivables, net related to the MIS segment. Certain MIS arrangements contain contractual terms whereby the customers are billed in arrears for annual monitoring services, requiring revenue to be accrued as an unbilled receivable as such services are provided.

Table of Contents

In addition, for certain MA arrangements, the timing of when the Company has the unconditional right to consideration and recognizes revenue occurs prior to invoicing the customer. Consequently, at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, accounts receivable, net included ~~$59~~$63 million and $53 million, respectively, of unbilled receivables, net related to the MA segment.

Deferred revenue

The Company recognizes deferred revenue when a contract requires a customer to pay consideration to the Company in advance of when revenue related to that contract is recognized. This deferred revenue is relieved when the Company satisfies the related performance obligation and revenue is recognized.

Significant changes in the deferred revenue balances during the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 are as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
	MIS		MA		Total
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	379	$	843	$	1,222
Changes in deferred revenue
Revenue recognized that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period	(115)		(341)		(456)
Increases due to amounts billable excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	100		234		334
Effect of exchange rate changes	1		4		5
Total changes in deferred revenue	(14)		(103)		(117)
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	365	$	740	$	1,105


		Three Months Ended March 31, 2020											Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
		MIS		MA		Total			MIS		MA		Total
Balance at January 1, 2020	Balance at January 1, 2020	$	322	$	840	$	1,162	Balance at January 1, 2020	$	322	$	840	$	1,162
Changes in deferred revenue	Changes in deferred revenue							Changes in deferred revenue
Revenue recognized that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period	Revenue recognized that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period	(99)		(336)		(435)		Revenue recognized that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period	(167)		(677)		(844)
Increases due to amounts billable excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	Increases due to amounts billable excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	161		343		504		Increases due to amounts billable excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	213		577		790
Increases due to RDC acquisition during the period	Increases due to RDC acquisition during the period	—		20		20		Increases due to RDC acquisition during the period	—		20		20
Effect of exchange rate changes	Effect of exchange rate changes	(5)		(24)		(29)		Effect of exchange rate changes	(3)		(20)		(23)
Total changes in deferred revenue	Total changes in deferred revenue	57		3		60		Total changes in deferred revenue	43		(100)		(57)
Balance at March 31, 2020		$	379	$	843	$	1,222
Balance at June 30, 2020								Balance at June 30, 2020	$	365	$	740	$	1,105
Deferred revenue - current	Deferred revenue - current	$	275	$	838	$	1,113	Deferred revenue - current	$	265	$	736	$	1,001
Deferred revenue - noncurrent	Deferred revenue - noncurrent	$	104	$	5	$	109	Deferred revenue - noncurrent	$	100	$	4	$	104


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
	MIS		MA		Total
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	388	$	795	$	1,183
Changes in deferred revenue
Revenue recognized that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period	(114)		(340)		(454)
Increases due to amounts billable excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	101		246		347
Amount included in liabilities reclassified as held for sale	—		(3)		(3)
Effect of exchange rate changes	1		(3)		(2)
Total changes in deferred revenue	(12)		(100)		(112)
Balance at June 30, 2019	$	376	$	695	$	1,071

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		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019											Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
		MIS		MA		Total			MIS		MA		Total
Balance at January 1, 2019	Balance at January 1, 2019	$	326	$	750	$	1,076	Balance at January 1, 2019	$	326	$	750	$	1,076
Changes in deferred revenue	Changes in deferred revenue							Changes in deferred revenue
Revenue recognized that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period	Revenue recognized that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period	(93)		(307)		(400)		Revenue recognized that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period	(161)		(533)		(694)
Increases due to amounts billable excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	Increases due to amounts billable excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	155		347		502		Increases due to amounts billable excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	210		479		689
Amount included in liabilities reclassified as held for sale								Amount included in liabilities reclassified as held for sale	—		(3)		(3)
Effect of exchange rate changes	Effect of exchange rate changes	—		5		5		Effect of exchange rate changes	1		2		3
Total changes in deferred revenue	Total changes in deferred revenue	62		45		107		Total changes in deferred revenue	50		(55)		(5)
Balance at March 31, 2019		$	388	$	795	$	1,183
Balance at June 30, 2019								Balance at June 30, 2019	$	376	$	695	$	1,071
Deferred revenue - current	Deferred revenue - current	$	271	$	791	1,062		Deferred revenue - current	$	262	$	691	953
Deferred revenue - noncurrent	Deferred revenue - noncurrent	$	117	$	4	121		Deferred revenue - noncurrent	$	114	$	4	118

~~The increase~~

For the MIS segment, the changes in the deferred revenue balance during ~~both~~ the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 ~~and 2019 is~~were primarily ~~due~~related to the significant portion of contract renewals that occur during the first quarter ~~within both segments.~~of 2020 and are generally recognized over a one year period.

~~Table~~For the MA segment, the decrease in deferred revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was primarily due to the recognition of ~~Contents~~

annual subscription and maintenance billings from December 2019 and January 2020. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, the decrease in the deferred revenue balance is attributable to recognition of revenues related to the aforementioned December 2019 billings being partially offset by the impact of the high concentration of January 2020 billings.

Remaining performance obligations

Remaining performance obligations in the MIS segment largely reflect deferred revenue related to monitoring fees for certain structured finance products, primarily CMBS, where the issuers can elect to pay the monitoring fees for the life of the security in advance. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was approximately $136 million. The Company expects to recognize into revenue approximately 20% of this balance within one year, approximately 50% of this balance between one to five years and the remaining amount thereafter. With respect to the remaining performance obligations for the MIS segment, the Company has applied a practical expedient set forth in ASC Topic 606 permitting the omission from the amounts stated above relating to unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less.

Remaining performance obligations in the MA segment include both amounts recorded as deferred revenue on the balance sheet as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 as well as amounts not yet invoiced to customers as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, largely reflecting future revenue related to signed multi-year arrangements for hosted and installed subscription based products. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was approximately ~~$2.0~~$1.8 billion. The Company expects to recognize into revenue approximately ~~70%~~65% of this balance within one year, approximately 20% of this balance between one to two years and the remaining amount thereafter.

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NOTE 4. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Presented below is a summary of the stock-based compensation cost and associated tax benefit included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations:


		Three Months Ended March 31,							Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2020		2019			2020		2019		2020		2019
Stock-based compensation cost	Stock-based compensation cost	$	37	$	36	Stock-based compensation cost	$	35	$	34	$	72	$	70
Tax benefit	Tax benefit	$	7	$	8	Tax benefit	$	7	$	7	$	14	$	15

During the first ~~three~~six months of 2020, the Company granted 0.1 million employee stock options, which had a weighted average grant date fair value of $60.53 per share based on the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company also granted 0.5 million shares of restricted stock in the first ~~three~~six months of 2020, which had a weighted average grant date fair value of ~~$280.42~~$275.11 per share. Both the employee stock options and restricted stock generally vest ratably over four years. Additionally, the Company granted 0.1 million shares of performance-based awards whereby the number of shares that ultimately vest are based on the achievement of certain non-market based performance metrics of the Company over three years. The weighted average grant date fair value of these awards was $273.85 per share.

The following weighted average assumptions were used in determining the fair value for options granted in 2020:


Expected dividend yield	0.80	%
Expected stock volatility	22.43	%
Risk-free interest rate	1.45	%
Expected holding period	5.7 years

Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 was ~~$10~~$9 million and ~~$252~~$222 million for stock options and unvested restricted stock, respectively, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of ~~2.6~~2.4 years and ~~2.8~~2.6 years, respectively. Additionally, there was ~~$31~~$29 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense relating to the aforementioned non-market based performance-based awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of ~~2.3~~2.1 years.

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The following tables summarize information relating to stock option exercises and restricted stock vesting:


		Three Months Ended March 31,							Six Months Ended June 30,
		2020		2019			2020		2019
Exercise of stock options:	Exercise of stock options:					Exercise of stock options:
Proceeds from stock option exercises	Proceeds from stock option exercises	$	13	$	12	Proceeds from stock option exercises	$	23	$	23
Aggregate intrinsic value	Aggregate intrinsic value	$	46	$	36	Aggregate intrinsic value	$	74	$	83
Tax benefit realized upon exercise	Tax benefit realized upon exercise	$	11	$	9	Tax benefit realized upon exercise	$	18	$	20
Number of shares exercised	Number of shares exercised	0.2		0.3		Number of shares exercised	0.4		0.6
Vesting of restricted stock:	Vesting of restricted stock:					Vesting of restricted stock:
Fair value of shares vested	Fair value of shares vested	$	191	$	147	Fair value of shares vested	$	193	$	150
Tax benefit realized upon vesting	Tax benefit realized upon vesting	$	44	$	34	Tax benefit realized upon vesting	$	45	$	36
Number of shares vested	Number of shares vested	0.8		0.8		Number of shares vested	0.8		0.8
Vesting of performance-based restricted stock:	Vesting of performance-based restricted stock:					Vesting of performance-based restricted stock:
Fair value of shares vested	Fair value of shares vested	$	70	$	48	Fair value of shares vested	$	70	$	48
Tax benefit realized upon vesting	Tax benefit realized upon vesting	$	17	$	12	Tax benefit realized upon vesting	$	17	$	12
Number of shares vested	Number of shares vested	0.3		0.3		Number of shares vested	0.3		0.3

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NOTE 5. INCOME TAXES

Moody’s ETR was ~~13.7%~~23.6% and ~~9.2%~~28.0% for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 19.0% and 18.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The ~~increase~~decrease in the ETR isfor the three month period ended June 30, 2020 was primarily due to ~~favorable IRS regulations issued~~taxes incurred and a non-deductible loss relating to the divestiture of MAKS in ~~the first quarter of~~ 2019 which ~~did~~will not ~~occur~~recur to the same extent in ~~the first quarter of~~ 2020. The Company’s quarterly tax expense differs from the tax computed by applying its estimated annual effective tax rate to this quarter’s pre-tax earnings due to Excess Tax Benefits from stock compensation of ~~$40~~$46 million and net reductions to tax positions of ~~$23~~$24 million.

The Company classifies interest related to UTPs in interest expense, net in its consolidated statements of operations. Penalties, if incurred, would be recognized in other non-operating (expense) income, net. The Company had a decrease in its UTPs of ~~$28~~$6 million ($296 million, net of federal tax) during the ~~first~~second quarter of ~~2020.~~2020 and a net increase in UTPs during the first six months of 2020 of $22 million ($23 million, net of federal tax).

Moody’s Corporation and subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax in various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s U.S. federal income tax return for 2016 remains open to examination and 2017 and 2018 are currently under examination. The Company’s New York State tax returns for 2011 through 2016 are currently under examination and the Company’s New York City tax return for 2014 isthrough 2017 are currently under examination. The Company’s U.K. tax return for 2012 is currently under examination and its returns for 2013 through 2018 remain open to examination.

For ongoing audits, it is possible the balance of UTPs could decrease in the next twelve months as a result of the settlement of these audits, which might involve the payment of additional taxes, the adjustment of certain deferred taxes and/or the recognition of tax benefits. It is also possible that new issues might be raised by tax authorities which could necessitate increases to the balance of UTPs. As the Company is unable to predict the timing or outcome of these audits, it is therefore unable to estimate the amount of changes to the balance of UTPs at this time. However, the Company believes that it has adequately provided for its financial exposure relating to all open tax years by tax jurisdiction in accordance with the applicable provisions of Topic 740 of the ASC regarding UTPs.

The following table shows the amount the Company paid for income taxes:

Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019
Income taxes paid $ 29 $ 37


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Income taxes paid ⁽¹⁾	$	111	$	198

⁽¹⁾
The decrease compared to prior year relates to estimated income tax payment timing extensions (to July 15, 2020) provided by the Internal Revenue Service and several states in response to the COVID-19 crisis.

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NOTE 6. WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING

Below is a reconciliation of basic to diluted shares outstanding:


					Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended June 30,			Six Months Ended June 30,
		2020	2019		2020	2019			2019
Basic	Basic	187.5	190.4	Basic	187.7	189.4		187.6	189.9
Dilutive effect of shares issuable under stock-based compensation plans	Dilutive effect of shares issuable under stock-based compensation plans	2.1	2.4	Dilutive effect of shares issuable under stock-based compensation plans	1.3	1.9		1.7	2.2
Diluted	Diluted	189.6	192.8	Diluted	189.0	191.3		189.3	192.1
Anti-dilutive options to purchase common shares and restricted stock as well as contingently issuable restricted stock which are excluded from the table above	Anti-dilutive options to purchase common shares and restricted stock as well as contingently issuable restricted stock which are excluded from the table above	0.3	0.4	Anti-dilutive options to purchase common shares and restricted stock as well as contingently issuable restricted stock which are excluded from the table above	0.3	0.3		0.3	0.3

The calculation of diluted EPS requires certain assumptions regarding the use of both cash proceeds and assumed proceeds that would be received upon the exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock outstanding as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and 2019.

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NOTE 7. ACCELERATED SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAM

On February 20, 2019, the Company entered into an ASR agreement with a financial institution counterparty to repurchase $500 million of its outstanding common stock. The Company paid $500 million to the counterparty and received an initial delivery of 2.2 million shares of its common stock. Final settlement of the ASR agreement was completed on April 26, 2019 and the Company received delivery of an additional 0.6 million shares of the Company’s common stock.

In total, the Company repurchased 2.8 million shares of the Company’s common stock during the term of the ASR Agreement, based on the volume-weighted average price (net of discount) of ~~$180.33/~~$180.33 per share over the duration of the program. The initial share repurchase and final share settlement were recorded as a reduction to shareholders’ equity.

NOTE 8. CASH EQUIVALENTS AND INVESTMENTS

The table below provides additional information on the Company’s cash equivalents and investments:


		As of March 31, 2020																							As of June 30, 2020
								Balance sheet location																	Balance sheet location
		Cost		Gains/(Losses)		Fair Value		Cash and cash equivalents		Short-term investments		Other assets			Cost		Gains/(Losses)		Fair Value		Cash and cash equivalents		Short-term investments		Other assets
Certificates of deposit and money market deposit accounts ⁽¹⁾	Certificates of deposit and money market deposit accounts ⁽¹⁾	$	1,276	$	—	$	1,276	$	1,176	$	87	$	13	Certificates of deposit and money market deposit accounts ⁽¹⁾	$	1,128	$	—	$	1,128	$	1,028	$	97	$	3
Mutual funds	Mutual funds	$	46	$	(7)	$	39	$	—	$	3	$	36	Mutual funds	$	46	$	—	$	46	$	—	$	3	$	43


	As of December 31, 2019
							Balance sheet location
	Cost		Gains/(Losses)		Fair Value		Cash and cash equivalents		Short-term investments		Other assets

Certificates of deposit and money market deposit accounts ⁽¹⁾	$	971	$	—	$	971	$	866	$	95	$	10
Mutual funds	$	3	$	—	$	3	$	—	$	3	$	—

⁽¹⁾Consists of time deposits and money market deposit accounts. The remaining contractual maturities for the certificates of deposits classified as short-term investments were one month to 12 months at both ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The remaining contractual maturities for the certificates of deposits classified in other assets are 13 months to 23 months at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and 13 months to 18 months at December 31, 2019. Time deposits with a maturity of less than 90 days at time of purchase are classified as cash and cash equivalents.

In addition, the Company invested in Corporate-Owned Life Insurance (COLI) in the first quarter of 2020. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, the cash surrender value of the COLI was ~~$11~~$13 million.

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NOTE 9. ACQUISITIONS AND OTHER STRATEGIC INITIATIVES

The business combinations described below are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting whereby assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recognized at fair value on the date of the transaction. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed was recorded to goodwill. Goodwill typically results through expected synergies from combining operations of an acquiree and an acquirer, anticipated new customer acquisition and products, as well as from intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition.

RDC

On February 13, 2020, the Company acquired 100% of RDC, a provider of anti-money laundering and know-your-customer data and due diligence services.

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The table below details the total consideration relating to the acquisition:


Cash paid at closing	$	700
Additional consideration ~~to be~~ paid to sellers in 2020 ⁽¹⁾	2
Total consideration	$	702

⁽¹⁾ Represents additional consideration ~~due~~paid to the sellers following finalization of customary post-closing completion adjustments.

Shown below is the preliminary purchase price allocation, which summarizes the fair value of the assets and liabilities assumed, at the date of acquisition:


(Amounts in millions)
Current assets			$	24
Intangible assets:
Customer relationships (25 year weighted average life)	$	174
Database (10 year weighted average life)	86
Product technology (4 year weighted average life)	17
Trade name (3 year weighted average life)	3
Total intangible assets (19 year weighted average life)			280
Goodwill			494
Other assets			2
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	(5)
Deferred revenue	(20)
Deferred tax liabilities	(71)
Other liabilities	(2)
Total liabilities			(98)
Net assets acquired			$	702

The Company has performed a preliminary valuation analysis of the fair market value of assets and liabilities of the RDC business. The final purchase price allocation will be determined when the Company has completed and fully reviewed the detailed valuations. The final allocation could differ materially from the preliminary allocation. The final allocation may include changes in allocations to acquired intangible assets as well as goodwill and other changes to assets and liabilities including reserves for UTPs and deferred tax liabilities. The estimated useful lives of acquired intangibles assets are also preliminary.

Current assets in the table above include acquired cash of $6 million. Additionally, current assets include accounts receivable of approximately $14 million.

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Goodwill

The goodwill recognized as a result of this acquisition includes, among other things, the value of combining the complementary product portfolios of the Company and RDC, which is expected to extend the Company’s reach to new and evolving market segments as well as cost savings synergies, expected new customer acquisitions and products.

Goodwill, which has been assigned to the MA segment, is not deductible for tax purposes.

RDC will be subsumed into the Bureau van Dijk reporting unit for purposes of the Company’s annual goodwill impairment assessment.

Transaction costs

Transaction costs directly related to the RDC acquisition were not material.

Other Acquisitions and Strategic Initiatives

~~In March~~During the second quarter of 2020, the Company ~~acquired 100% of the shares of RBA International (RBA),~~increased its stake in Vigeo Eiris, a provider of ~~online retail bank training~~ESG research, data and ~~certifications.~~assessments, from 69.2% to 99.8%. The ~~acquisition deepens~~purchase price for the ~~capabilities of MALS, a unit of MA that offers online and classroom-based training services, as well as credentialing and certification. RBA~~additional stake was not material. Vigeo Eiris revenue is reported in the ~~RD&A~~MIS Other LOB. ~~The purchase price for this acquisition was not material and the near term impact to the Company's financial statements is not expected to be material.~~

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NOTE 10. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

The Company is exposed to global market risks, including risks from changes in FX rates and changes in interest rates. Accordingly, the Company uses derivatives in certain instances to manage the aforementioned financial exposures that occur in the normal course of business. The Company does not hold or issue derivatives for speculative purposes.

Derivatives and non-derivative instruments designated as accounting hedges:

Fair Value Hedges

Interest Rate Swaps

The Company has entered into interest rate swaps to convert the fixed interest rate on certain of its long-term debt to a floating interest rate based on the 3-month LIBOR. The purpose of these hedges is to mitigate the risk associated with changes in the fair value of the long-term debt, thus the Company has designated these swaps as fair value hedges. The fair value of the swaps is adjusted quarterly with a corresponding adjustment to the carrying value of the debt. The changes in the fair value of the swaps and the underlying hedged item generally offset and the net cash settlements on the swaps are recorded each period within interest expense, net in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.

The following table summarizes the Company’s interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges:


			Notional Amount									Notional Amount
Hedged Item	Hedged Item	Nature of Swap	As of March 31, 2020		As of December 31, 2019		Floating Interest Rate	Hedged Item	Nature of Swap	As of June 30, 2020		As of December 31, 2019		Floating Interest Rate
2012 Senior Notes due 2022	2012 Senior Notes due 2022	Pay Floating/Receive Fixed	$	330	$	330	3-month USD LIBOR	2012 Senior Notes due 2022	Pay Floating/Receive Fixed	$	330	$	330	3-month USD LIBOR
2017 Senior Notes due 2021	2017 Senior Notes due 2021	Pay Floating/Receive Fixed	$	500	$	500	3-month USD LIBOR	2017 Senior Notes due 2021	Pay Floating/Receive Fixed	$	500	$	500	3-month USD LIBOR
2017 Senior Notes due 2023	2017 Senior Notes due 2023	Pay Floating/Receive Fixed	$	250	$	250	3-month USD LIBOR	2017 Senior Notes due 2023	Pay Floating/Receive Fixed	$	250	$	250	3-month USD LIBOR
2017 Senior Notes due 2028	2017 Senior Notes due 2028	Pay Floating/Receive Fixed	$	500	$	—	3-month USD LIBOR	2017 Senior Notes due 2028	Pay Floating/Receive Fixed	$	500	$	—	3-month USD LIBOR
Total	Total		$	1,580	$	1,080		Total		$	1,580	$	1,080

Refer to Note 1617 for information on the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of the above hedged items.

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The following table summarizes the impact to the statement of operations of the Company’s interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges:


Total amounts of financial statement line item presented in the statements of operations in which the effects of fair value hedges are recorded	Total amounts of financial statement line item presented in the statements of operations in which the effects of fair value hedges are recorded				Amount of income/(loss) recognized in the consolidated statements of operations									Total amounts of financial statement line item presented in the statements of operations in which the effects of fair value hedges are recorded											Amount of income/(loss) recognized in the consolidated statements of operations
							Three Months Ended March 31,												Total amounts of financial statement line item presented in the statements of operations in which the effects of fair value hedges are recorded											Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
							2020				2019	Total amounts of financial statement line item presented in the statements of operations in which the effects of fair value hedges are recorded													2020					2019			2020	2019
Interest expense, net	Interest expense, net				$	(40)		$	(52)		Interest expense, net						$	(60)					$	(51)				$	(100)		$	(103)

Descriptions	Descriptions	Location on Consolidated Statements of Operations					Descriptions			Location on Consolidated Statements of Operations
Net interest settlements and accruals on interest rate swaps	Net interest settlements and accruals on interest rate swaps	Interest expense, net	$	3	$	—	Net interest settlements and accruals on interest rate swaps			Interest expense, net				$	5		$	—			$	8				$	—
Fair value changes on interest rate swaps	Fair value changes on interest rate swaps	Interest expense, net	$	58	$	11	Fair value changes on interest rate swaps			Interest expense, net			$	2		$	20			$	60				$	31
Fair value changes on hedged debt	Fair value changes on hedged debt	Interest expense, net	$	(58)	$	(11)	Fair value changes on hedged debt			Interest expense, net			$	(2)		$	(20)			$	(60)				$	(31)

Net investment hedges

The Company has designated €500 million of the 2015 Senior Notes Due 2027 and €750 million of the 2019 Senior Notes due 2030 as net investment hedges to mitigate FX exposure related to a portion of the Company’s euro net investment in certain foreign subsidiaries against changes in euro/USD exchange rates. These hedges are designated as accounting hedges under the applicable sections of ASC Topic 815 and will end upon the repayment of the notes in 2027 and 2030, respectively, unless terminated early at the discretion of the Company.

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The Company enters into cross-currency swaps to mitigate FX exposure related to a portion of the Company’s euro net investment in certain foreign subsidiaries against changes in euro/USD exchange rates. The following table provides information on the cross-currency swaps designated as net investment hedges under ASC Topic 815:


March 31, 2020
June 30, 2020								June 30, 2020
		Pay					Receive					Pay			Receive
Nature of Swap	Nature of Swap	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Interest Rate	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Interest Rate	Nature of Swap	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Interest Rate	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Interest Rate
Pay Fixed/Receive Fixed	Pay Fixed/Receive Fixed	€	1,079	1.43%	$	1,220	3.96%	Pay Fixed/Receive Fixed	€	1,079	1.43%	$	1,220	3.96%
Pay Floating/Receive Floating	Pay Floating/Receive Floating	1,381		Based on 3-month EURIBOR	1,580		Based on 3-month USD LIBOR	Pay Floating/Receive Floating	1,381		Based on 3-month EURIBOR	1,580		Based on 3-month USD LIBOR
Total	Total	€	2,460		$	2,800		Total	€	2,460		$	2,800


December 31, 2019
	Pay					Receive
Nature of Swap	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Interest Rate	Notional Amount		Weighted Average Interest Rate
Pay Fixed/Receive Fixed	€	1,079	1.43%	$	1,220	3.96%
Pay Floating/Receive Floating	931		Based on 3-month EURIBOR	1,080		Based on 3-month USD LIBOR
Total	€	2,010		$	2,300

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, these hedges will expire and be settled in 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, and 2026 for ~~€688~~€687 million, €438 million, €442 million, €443 million, and €450 million of the total notional amount, respectively, unless terminated early at the discretion of the Company.

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Cash Flow Hedge

Interest Rate Forward Contracts

In January 2020, the Company entered into $300 million notional amount treasury rate locks with an average locked-in U.S. 30-year Treasury rate of 2.0103%, which were designated as cash flow hedges and used to manage the Company’s interest rate risk during the period prior to an anticipated issuance of 30-year debt. ~~Changes~~The treasury lock interest rate forward contracts matured on April 30, 2020, resulting in a cumulative loss of $68 million, which was recognized in AOCI. The loss on the ~~fair value of the swap are recorded to~~Treasury rate lock will be reclassified from AOCI ~~(to the extent the hedge remains highly effective) and are reclassified~~ to earnings in the same period that the hedged transaction (i.e. interest ~~payments) impact~~payments on the 3.25% 2020 Senior Notes, due 2050) impacts earnings.

The following tables provide information on the gains/(losses) on the Company’s net investment and cash flow hedges:


Derivative and Non-Derivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging Relationships	Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivative, net of Tax							Amount of Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income, net of Tax							Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)
			Three Months Ended June 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019		2020		2019			2020		2019

Cross currency swaps	$	(49)		$	(20)	$	—	$	—		$	14	$	14
Long-term debt	(24)			(9)		—		—			—		—
Total net investment hedges	$	(73)		$	(29)	$	—	$	—		$	14	$	14
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships

Interest rate contracts	(14)			—		—		—			—		—
Total cash flow hedges	$	(14)		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—
Total	$	(87)		$	(29)	$	—	$	—		$	14	$	14

Derivative and Non-Derivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging Relationships Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivative, net of Tax Amount of Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income, net of Tax Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)
Three Months Ended
March 31, Three Months Ended
March 31, Three Months Ended
March 31,
2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019
Cross currency swaps $ 66 $ 15 $ — $ — $ 16 $ 8
Long-term debt 23

8 — — — —
Total net investment hedges $ 89 $ 23 $ — $ — $ 16 $ 8
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Interest rate contracts (36) — (1) — — —
Total cash flow hedges $ (36) $ — $ (1) $ — $ — $ —
Total $ 53 $ 23 $ (1) $ — $ 16 $ 8

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Derivative and Non-Derivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging Relationships	Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivative, net of Tax							Amount of Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income, net of Tax							Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)
			Six Months Ended June 30,							Six Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019		2020		2019			2020		2019

Cross currency swaps	$	17		$	(5)	$	—	$	—		$	30	$	22
Long-term debt	(1)			—		—		—			—		—
Total net investment hedges	$	16		$	(5)	$	—	$	—		$	30	$	22
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships

Interest rate contracts	(50)			—		(1)		—			—		—
Total cash flow hedges	$	(50)		$	—	$	(1)	$	—		$	—	$	—
Total	$	(34)		$	(5)	$	(1)	$	—		$	30	$	22

The cumulative amount of net investment hedge and cash flow hedge gains (losses) remaining in AOCI is as follows:

Cumulative Gains/(Losses), net of tax
March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Net investment hedges
Cross currency swaps $ 107 $ 41
FX forwards 26 26
Long-term debt 10 (13)
Total net investment hedges $ 143 $ 54
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate contracts $ (37) $ (2)
Cross currency swaps 2 2
Total cash flow hedges (35) —
Total net gain in AOCI $ 108 $ 54

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	Cumulative Gains/(Losses), net of tax
	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Net investment hedges
Cross currency swaps	$	58	$	41
FX forwards	26		26
Long-term debt	(14)		(13)
Total net investment hedges	$	70	$	54
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate contracts	$	(51)	$	(2)
Cross currency swaps	2		2
Total cash flow hedges	(49)		—
Total net gain in AOCI	$	21	$	54

Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:

Foreign exchange forwards

The Company also enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to mitigate the change in fair value on certain assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than a subsidiary’s functional currency. These forward contracts are not designated as accounting hedges under the applicable sections of Topic 815 of the ASC. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of these contracts are recognized immediately in other non-operating (expense) income, net in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations along with the FX gain or loss recognized on the assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the subsidiary’s functional currency. These contracts have expiration dates at various times through ~~April~~October 2020.

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The following table summarizes the notional amounts of the Company’s outstanding foreign exchange forwards:


		March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019							June 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
Notional amount of currency pair:	Notional amount of currency pair:	Sell		Buy		Sell		Buy		Notional amount of currency pair:	Sell		Buy		Sell		Buy
Contracts to sell USD for GBP	Contracts to sell USD for GBP	$	451	£	379	$	235	£	178	Contracts to sell USD for GBP	$	458	£	369	$	235	£	178
Contracts to sell USD for Japanese Yen	Contracts to sell USD for Japanese Yen	$	29	¥	3,200	$	29	¥	3,200	Contracts to sell USD for Japanese Yen	$	23	¥	2,500	$	29	¥	3,200
Contracts to sell USD for Canadian dollars	Contracts to sell USD for Canadian dollars	$	94	$	130	$	83	$	110	Contracts to sell USD for Canadian dollars	$	93	C$	130	$	83	$	110
Contracts to sell USD for Singapore dollars	Contracts to sell USD for Singapore dollars	$	59	S$	86	$	41	S$	56	Contracts to sell USD for Singapore dollars	$	79	S$	112	$	41	S$	56
Contracts to sell USD for Euros	Contracts to sell USD for Euros	$	61	€	55	$	421	€	378	Contracts to sell USD for Euros	$	324	€	291	$	421	€	378
Contracts to sell EUR for GBP		€	—	£	—	€	25	£	21
Contracts to sell Euros for GBP										Contracts to sell Euros for GBP	€	—	£	—	€	25	£	21
Contracts to sell USD for Russian Ruble										Contracts to sell USD for Russian Ruble	$	8	₽	580	$	—	₽	—
Contracts to sell USD for Indian Rupee										Contracts to sell USD for Indian Rupee	$	15	₹	1,200	$	—	₹	—

NOTE: € = Euro, £ = British pound, $ = U.S. dollar, ¥ = Japanese Yen, C$ = Canadian dollar, S$= Singapore dollars,₽= Russian Ruble, ₹= Indian Rupee

The following table summarizes the impact to the consolidated statements of operations relating to the net losses on the Company’s derivatives which are not designated as hedging instruments:

Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges Location on Statement of Operations Three Months Ended
March 31,
2020 2019
Foreign exchange forwards Other non-operating expense, net $ (40) $ 1

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Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges	Location on Statement of Operations	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
				2020		2019		2020		2019
Foreign exchange forwards	Other non-operating expense, net	$	5	$	(10)	$	(35)	$	(9)

The table below shows the classification between assets and liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets for the fair value of the derivative instrument as well as the carrying value of its non-derivative debt instruments designated and qualifying as net investment hedges:


		Derivative and Non-Derivative Instruments									Derivative and Non-Derivative Instruments
		Balance Sheet Location	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019			Balance Sheet Location	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Assets:	Assets:						Assets:
Derivatives designated as accounting hedges:	Derivatives designated as accounting hedges:						Derivatives designated as accounting hedges:
Cross-currency swaps designated as net investment hedges	Cross-currency swaps designated as net investment hedges	Other assets	$	145	$	56	Cross-currency swaps designated as net investment hedges	Other assets	$	92	$	56
Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges	Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges	Other assets	85		27		Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges	Other assets	87		27
Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges	Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges		230		83		Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges		179		83

Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:	Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:						Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:
FX forwards on certain assets and liabilities	FX forwards on certain assets and liabilities	Other current assets	29		9		FX forwards on certain assets and liabilities	Other current assets	8		9
Total assets	Total assets		$	259	$	92	Total assets		$	187	$	92
Liabilities:	Liabilities:						Liabilities:
Derivatives designated as accounting hedges:	Derivatives designated as accounting hedges:						Derivatives designated as accounting hedges:
Cross-currency swaps designated as net investment hedges	Cross-currency swaps designated as net investment hedges	Other liabilities	$	1	$	—	Cross-currency swaps designated as net investment hedges	Other liabilities	$	13	$	—
Interest rate forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges		Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	47		—

Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges	Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges		48		—		Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges		13		—
Non-derivatives designated as accounting hedges:	Non-derivatives designated as accounting hedges:						Non-derivatives designated as accounting hedges:
Long-term debt designated as net investment hedge	Long-term debt designated as net investment hedge	Long-term debt	1,372		1,403		Long-term debt designated as net investment hedge	Long-term debt	1,404		1,403
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:	Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:						Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:
FX forwards on certain assets and liabilities	FX forwards on certain assets and liabilities	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	10		—		FX forwards on certain assets and liabilities	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	3		—
Total liabilities	Total liabilities		$	1,430	$	1,403	Total liabilities		$	1,420	$	1,403

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NOTE 11. GOODWILL AND OTHER ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The following table summarizes the activity in goodwill for the periods indicated:


		Three Months Ended March 31, 2020																																			Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
		MIS										MA												Consolidated									MIS						MA	Consolidated
		Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill			Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill
Balance at beginning of year	Balance at beginning of year	$	315	$	—	$	315	$	3,419	$	(12)	$	3,407	$	3,734	$	(12)	$	3,722	Balance at beginning of year	$	315	$	—	$	315	$	3,419	$	(12)	$	3,407	$	3,734	$	(12)	$	3,722
Additions/ adjustments ⁽¹⁾	Additions/ adjustments ⁽¹⁾	—		—		—		497		—		497		497		—		497		Additions/ adjustments ⁽¹⁾	—		—		—		497		—		497		497		—		497
Foreign currency translation adjustments	Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1)		—		(1)		(96)		—		(96)		(97)		—		(97)		Foreign currency translation adjustments	(16)		—		(16)		(41)		—		(41)		(57)		—		(57)

Ending balance	Ending balance	$	314	$	—	$	314	$	3,820	$	(12)	$	3,808	$	4,134	$	(12)	$	4,122	Ending balance	$	299	$	—	$	299	$	3,875	$	(12)	$	3,863	$	4,174	$	(12)	$	4,162

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	Year Ended December 31, 2019
	MIS										MA								Consolidated
	Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill		Gross goodwill		Accumulated impairment charge		Net goodwill
Balance at beginning of year	$	258	$	—	$	258	$	3,535	$	(12)	$	3,523	$	3,793	$	(12)	$	3,781
Additions/ adjustments ⁽²⁾	53		—		53		61		—		61		114		—		114
Foreign currency translation adjustments	4		—		4		(14)		—		(14)		(10)		—		(10)
Divestiture of MAKS	—		—		—		(163)		—		(163)		(163)		—		(163)
Ending balance	$	315	$	—	$	315	$	3,419	$	(12)	$	3,407	$	3,734	$	(12)	$	3,722

⁽¹⁾The 2020 additions/adjustments for the MA segment in the table above relate to the acquisition of RDC and RBA.

⁽²⁾The 2019 additions/adjustments for the MIS segment in the table above relate to the acquisitions of Vigeo Eiris and Four Twenty Seven. The 2019 additions/adjustments for the MA segment in the table above relate to the acquisition of RiskFirst and ABS Suite.

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Acquired intangible assets and related amortization consisted of:


		March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019			June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Customer relationships	Customer relationships	$	1,460	$	1,325	Customer relationships	$	1,479	$	1,325
Accumulated amortization	Accumulated amortization	(244)		(235)		Accumulated amortization	(263)		(235)
Net customer relationships	Net customer relationships	1,216		1,090		Net customer relationships	1,216		1,090
Trade secrets	Trade secrets	30		30		Trade secrets	30		30
Accumulated amortization	Accumulated amortization	(28)		(29)		Accumulated amortization	(29)		(29)
Net trade secrets	Net trade secrets	2		1		Net trade secrets	1		1
Software/product technology	Software/product technology	361		372		Software/product technology	368		372
Accumulated amortization	Accumulated amortization	(133)		(131)		Accumulated amortization	(143)		(131)
Net software/product technology	Net software/product technology	228		241		Net software/product technology	225		241
Trade names	Trade names	149		150		Trade names	148		150
Accumulated amortization	Accumulated amortization	(31)		(30)		Accumulated amortization	(33)		(30)
Net trade names	Net trade names	118		120		Net trade names	115		120
Other ⁽¹⁾	Other ⁽¹⁾	177		80		Other ⁽¹⁾	181		80
Accumulated amortization	Accumulated amortization	(32)		(34)		Accumulated amortization	(41)		(34)
Net other	Net other	145		46		Net other	140		46
Total acquired intangible assets, net	Total acquired intangible assets, net	$	1,709	$	1,498	Total acquired intangible assets, net	$	1,697	$	1,498

⁽¹⁾Other intangible assets primarily consist of databases, covenants not to compete, and acquired ratings methodologies and models.

Amortization expense relating to acquired intangible assets is as follows:

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2020 2019
Amortization expense $ 28 $ 26

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	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Amortization expense	$	31	$	27	$	59	$	53

Estimated future amortization expense for acquired intangible assets subject to amortization is as follows:


Year Ending December 31,	Year Ending December 31,			Year Ending December 31,
2020 (After March 31,)		$	89
2020 (After June 30,)				2020 (After June 30,)	$	60
2021	2021	116		2021	117
2022	2022	115		2022	117
2023	2023	111		2023	112
2024	2024	104		2024	105
Thereafter	Thereafter	1,174		Thereafter	1,186
Total estimated future amortization	Total estimated future amortization	$	1,709	Total estimated future amortization	$	1,697

Matters concerning the ICRA reporting unit

On August 29, 2019, the board of directors of ICRA terminated the employment of ICRA's CEO and on September 28, 2019, the shareholders of ICRA voted to remove the former CEO from his position on ICRA's board of directors. ICRA has reported that the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) issued an adjudication order dated December 26, 2019 imposing a penalty of INR 25 lakh (approximately $35,000) on ICRA in connection with credit ratings assigned to one of ICRA’s customers and the customer’s subsidiaries. ICRA has further reported that: (i) it is appealing that order; and (ii) it has received a related "show cause" notice from SEBI asking ICRA to demonstrate why the penalty imposed should not be increased. In addition, ICRA has disclosed that it ~~is addressing~~has completed its internal examinations into anonymous allegations that were forwarded to ICRA by SEBI ~~as well as~~and certain additional allegations made during the course of ~~the ongoing internal~~that examination while an examination into ~~those~~a separate anonymous ~~allegations.~~complaint is ongoing. ICRA reported that its Board of Directors is in the process of taking appropriate actions based on the findings of the completed examinations. As of the date of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, the Company is unable to estimate the financial impact, if any, that may result from a potential unfavorable conclusion of these matters or any other ICRA inquiry. An unfavorable resolution of such matters may negatively impact ICRA’s future operating results, which could result in an impairment of goodwill and amortizable intangible assets in future quarters.

~~During~~

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NOTE 12. RESTRUCTURING

On October 26, 2018, the ~~first~~chief executive officer of Moody’s approved a restructuring program (the “2018 Restructuring Program”) that the Company estimates will result in annualized savings of approximately $60 million per year. The 2018 Restructuring Program, the scope of which was expanded in the second quarter of ~~2020, the average market capitalization~~2019, is estimated to result in total pre-tax charges of ~~ICRA declined~~$105 to $110 million. The 2018 Restructuring Program included relocation of certain functions from high-cost to lower-cost jurisdictions, a reduction of staff, including from acquisitions and pursuant to a ~~level that resulted in a significant decline in headroom (amount by which~~review of the ~~fair value~~business criticality of ~~a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value)~~certain positions, and the rationalization and exit of certain real estate leases due to consolidation of various business activities. The exit from ~~amounts reported~~certain leased office space began in the ~~Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. While the current fair value~~fourth quarter of 2018 and will entail approximately $50 million of the ~~ICRA reporting unit results~~charges to either terminate or sublease the affected real estate leases. The 2018 Restructuring Program also includes approximately $60 million of personnel-related restructuring charges, an amount that includes severance and related costs primarily determined under the Company’s existing severance plans. Cash outlays associated with the employee termination cost component of the 2018 Restructuring Program are anticipated to be approximately $60 million, which will be paid through 2021.

Total expenses included in ~~no impairment~~the accompanying consolidated statements of ~~goodwill at March 31, 2020, further declines in ICRA's average market capitalization could result in impairment in future quarters.~~operations relating to the 2018 Restructuring Program are as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Restructuring	$	(2)	$	53	$	(3)	$	59

NOTE ~~12.~~13. FAIR VALUE

The table below presents information about items that are carried at fair value at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:


		Fair value Measurement as of March 31, 2020											Fair value Measurement as of June 30, 2020
Description	Description	Balance		Level 1		Level 2		Description	Balance		Level 1		Level 2
Assets:	Assets:							Assets:
Derivatives ⁽¹⁾	Derivatives ⁽¹⁾	$	259	$	—	$	259	Derivatives ⁽¹⁾	$	187	$	—	$	187
Mutual funds	Mutual funds	39		39		—		Mutual funds	46		46		—
Total	Total	$	298	$	39	$	259	Total	$	233	$	46	$	187
Liabilities:	Liabilities:							Liabilities:
Derivatives ⁽¹⁾	Derivatives ⁽¹⁾	$	58	$	—	$	58	Derivatives ⁽¹⁾	$	16	$	—	$	16
Total	Total	$	58	$	—	$	58	Total	$	16	$	—	$	16


	Fair value Measurement as of December 31, 2019
Description	Balance		Level 1		Level 2
Assets:
Derivatives ⁽¹⁾	$	92	$	—	$	92

Mutual funds	3		3		—
Total	$	95	$	3	$	92

⁽¹⁾Represents FX forwards on certain assets and liabilities as well as interest rate swaps, cross-currency swaps and forward contracts as more fully described in Note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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The following are descriptions of the methodologies utilized by the Company to estimate the fair value of its derivative contracts, mutual funds and money market mutual funds:

Derivatives:

In determining the fair value of the derivative contracts in the table above, the Company utilizes industry standard valuation models. Where applicable, these models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using spot rates, forward points, currency volatilities, interest rates as well as the risk of non-performance of the Company and the counterparties with whom it has derivative contracts. The Company established strict counterparty credit guidelines and only enters into transactions with financial institutions that adhere to these guidelines. Accordingly, the risk of counterparty default is deemed to be minimal.

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Mutual funds and money market mutual funds:

The mutual funds in the table above are deemed to be equity securities with readily determinable fair values with changes in the fair value recognized through net income under ASC Topic 321. The fair value of these instruments is determined using Level 1 inputs as defined in the ASC Topic 820.

NOTE ~~13.~~14. OTHER BALANCE SHEET AND STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS INFORMATION

The following tables contain additional detail related to certain balance sheet captions:

March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Other current assets:
Prepaid taxes $ 98 $ 79
Prepaid expenses 80 71
Capitalized costs to obtain and fulfill sales contracts 85 91
Other 87 89
Total other current assets $ 350 $ 330
Other assets:
Investments in non-consolidated affiliates $ 121 $ 117
Deposits for real-estate leases 14 13
Indemnification assets related to acquisitions 16 16
Mutual funds and fixed deposits 49 10
Company owned life insurance (at contract value) 11 —
Costs to obtain sales contracts 117 119
Cross currency and interest rate swaps 230 83
Other 36 31
Total other assets $ 594 $ 389


	June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
Other current assets:
Prepaid taxes	$	127		$	79
Prepaid expenses	71			71
Capitalized costs to obtain and fulfill sales contracts	79			91
Other	86			89
Total other current assets	$	363		$	330
Other assets:
Investments in non-consolidated affiliates	$	125		$	117
Deposits for real-estate leases	14			13
Indemnification assets related to acquisitions	16			16
Mutual funds and fixed deposits	46			10
Company owned life insurance (at contract value)	13			—
Costs to obtain sales contracts	116			119
Cross currency and interest rate swaps	179			83
Other	52			31
Total other assets	$	561		$	389
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities:
Salaries and benefits	$	137		$	152
Incentive compensation	89			208
Customer credits, advanced payments and advanced billings	44			28

Dividends	6			7
Professional service fees	43			43
Interest accrued on debt	67			63
Accounts payable	36			38
Income taxes	199		⁽¹⁾	73
Pension and other retirement employee benefits	7			7
Accrued royalties	13			25
Foreign exchange forwards on certain assets and liabilities	3			—
Restructuring liability	5			21

Other	146			108
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	795		$	773

3237

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March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities:
Salaries and benefits $ 160 $ 152
Incentive compensation 37 208
Customer credits, advanced payments and advanced billings 41 28
Dividends 3 7
Professional service fees 59 43
Interest accrued on debt 35 63
Accounts payable 26 38
Income taxes 91 73
Pension and other retirement employee benefits 7 7
Accrued royalties 20 25
Foreign exchange forwards on certain assets and liabilities 10 —
Restructuring liability 9 21
Treasury lock forward contracts 47 —
Other 119 108
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 664 $ 773
Other liabilities:
Pension and other retirement employee benefits $ 196 $ 299
Interest accrued on UTPs 89 82
MAKS indemnification provisions 41 43
Income tax liability - non-current portion 51 51
Cross currency and interest rate swaps 1 —
Restructuring liability 3 3
Other 22 26
Total other liabilities $ 403 $ 504


	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019



































Other liabilities:
Pension and other retirement employee benefits	$	197	$	299

Interest accrued on UTPs	98		82
MAKS indemnification provisions	32		43
Income tax liability - non-current portion	51		51
Cross currency and interest rate swaps	13		—
Restructuring liability	2		3
Other	25		26
Total other liabilities	$	418	$	504

⁽¹⁾ The increase from December 31, 2019 relates to estimated income tax payment timing extensions (to July 15, 2020) provided by the Internal Revenue Service and several states in response to the COVID-19 crisis.

Loss pursuant to the Divestiture of MAKS:

The $9 million loss in the second quarter of 2019 and in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020 relates to ~~customary post-closing completion adjustments pursuant to~~ the ~~fourth quarter 2019~~strategic divestiture of MAKS.

Other Non-Operating Income (Expense):

The following table summarizes the components of other non-operating income (expense):


		Three Months Ended March 31,							Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2020		2019			2020		2019		2020		2019
FX gain (loss)		$	13	$	(6)
FX (loss) gain						FX (loss) gain	$	(8)	$	(10)	$	5	$	(16)
Net periodic pension costs - other components	Net periodic pension costs - other components	3		4		Net periodic pension costs - other components	4		5		7		9
Income from investments in non-consolidated affiliates	Income from investments in non-consolidated affiliates	(3)		1		Income from investments in non-consolidated affiliates	3		6		—		7
Other	Other	(1)		3		Other	17		(1)		16		2
Total	Total	$	12	$	2	Total	$	16	$	—	$	28	$	2

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NOTE ~~14.~~15. COMPREHENSIVE INCOME AND ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

The following table provides details about the reclassifications out of AOCI:



Losses on cash flow hedges	Three Months Ended June 30, 2020		Six Months Ended June 30, 2020		Location in the consolidated statement of operations

Interest rate contract	$	—	$	(1)	Other non-operating expense, net

Income tax effect of items above	—		—		Provision for income taxes
Total net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges	—		(1)





Pension and other retirement benefits
Amortization of actuarial losses and prior service costs included in net income	(1)		(2)		Operating expense
Amortization of actuarial losses and prior service costs included in net income	—		(1)		SG&A expense
Total before income taxes	(1)		(3)
Income tax effect of item above	—		1		Provision for income taxes
Total pension and other retirement benefits	(1)		(2)
Total net losses included in Net Income attributable to reclassifications out of AOCI	$	(1)	$	(3)

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		Three Months Ended March 31,							Location in the consolidated statement of operations				Location in the consolidated statement of operations
Losses on cash flow hedges		2020		2019			Location in the consolidated statement of operations
Interest rate contract		$	(1)	$	—	Other non-operating income, net
Income tax effect of item above		—		—		Provision for income taxes
Total net losses on cash flow hedges		(1)		—
								Three Months Ended June 30, 2019		Six Months Ended June 30, 2019		Location in the consolidated statement of operations

Pension and other retirement benefits	Pension and other retirement benefits						Pension and other retirement benefits
Amortization of actuarial losses and prior service costs included in net income	Amortization of actuarial losses and prior service costs included in net income	(1)		(1)		Operating expense	Amortization of actuarial losses and prior service costs included in net income	—		(1)		Operating expense
Amortization of actuarial losses and prior service costs included in net income	Amortization of actuarial losses and prior service costs included in net income	(1)		—		SG&A expense	Amortization of actuarial losses and prior service costs included in net income	(1)		(1)		SG&A expense
Total before income taxes	Total before income taxes	(2)		(1)			Total before income taxes	(1)		(2)
Income tax effect of item above	Income tax effect of item above	1		1		Provision for income taxes	Income tax effect of item above	—		1		Provision for income taxes
Total pension and other retirement benefits	Total pension and other retirement benefits	(1)		—			Total pension and other retirement benefits	(1)		(1)
Total net losses included in Net Income attributable to reclassifications out of AOCI	Total net losses included in Net Income attributable to reclassifications out of AOCI	$	(2)	$	—		Total net losses included in Net Income attributable to reclassifications out of AOCI	$	(1)	$	(1)

The following tables show changes in AOCI by component (net of tax):



	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2020																		June 30, 2019
Gains/(Losses)	Pension and Other Retirement Benefits		Cash Flow Hedges		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Net Investment Hedges		Total		Pension and Other Retirement Benefits		Cash Flow Hedges		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Net Investment Hedges			Total
Balance March 31,	$	(92)	$	(35)	$	(570)	$	143	$	(554)	$	(69)	$	—	$	(440)	$	54		$	(455)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications	7		(14)		91		(73)		11		(2)		—		39		(29)			8
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	1		—		—		—		1		1		—		—		—			1
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	8		(14)		91		(73)		12		(1)		—		39		(29)			9
Balance June 30,	$	(84)	$	(49)	$	(479)	$	70	$	(542)	$	(70)	$	—	$	(401)	$	25		$	(446)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Pension and Other Retirement Benefits Cash Flow Hedges Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments Net Investment Hedges Total
Balance December 31, 2019 $ (92) $ — $ (401) $ 54 $ (439)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications (1) (36) (169) 89 (117)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI 1 1 — — 2
Other comprehensive income/(loss) — (35) (169) 89 (115)
Balance March 31, 2020 $ (92) $ (35) $ (570) $ 143 $ (554)


		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019																			Six Months Ended
		Pension and Other Retirement Benefits		Cash Flow Hedges		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Net Investment Hedges		Total			June 30, 2020																				June 30, 2019
Balance December 31, 2018		$	(53)	$	—	$	(406)	$	33	$	(426)
Gains/(Losses)												Gains/(Losses)	Pension and Other Retirement Benefits		Cash Flow Hedges		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Net Investment Hedges		Total		Pension and Other Retirement Benefits		Cash Flow Hedges		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Net Investment Hedges		Total
Balance December 31,												Balance December 31,	$	(92)	$	—	$	(401)	$	54	$	(439)	$	(53)	$	—	$	(406)	$	33	$	(426)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications	Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications	1		—		(34)		24		(9)		Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications	6		(50)		(78)		16		(106)		(1)		—		5		(5)		(1)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	Amounts reclassified from AOCI	—		—		—		—		—		Amounts reclassified from AOCI	2		1		—		—		3		1		—		—		—		1
Adoption of ASU 2018-02	Adoption of ASU 2018-02	(17)		—		—		(3)		(20)		Adoption of ASU 2018-02	—		—		—		—		—		(17)		—		—		(3)		(20)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	Other comprehensive income/(loss)	(16)		—		(34)		21		(29)		Other comprehensive income/(loss)	8		(49)		(78)		16		(103)		(17)		—		5		(8)		(20)
Balance March 31, 2019		$	(69)	$	—	$	(440)	$	54	$	(455)
Balance June 30,												Balance June 30,	$	(84)	$	(49)	$	(479)	$	70	$	(542)	$	(70)	$	—	$	(401)	$	25	$	(446)

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NOTE ~~15.~~16. PENSION AND OTHER RETIREMENT BENEFITS

Moody’s maintains funded and unfunded noncontributory DBPPs. The U.S. plans provide defined benefits using a cash balance formula based on years of service and career average salary for its employees or final average pay for selected executives. The Company also provides certain healthcare and life insurance benefits for retired U.S. employees. The retirement healthcare plans are contributory; the life insurance plans are noncontributory. Moody’s funded and unfunded U.S. pension plans, the U.S. retirement healthcare plans and the U.S. retirement life insurance plans are collectively referred to herein as the “Retirement Plans”. The U.S. retirement healthcare plans and the U.S. retirement life insurance plans are collectively referred to herein as the “Other Retirement Plans”. The non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans are immaterial.

Effective January 1, 2008, the Company no longer offers DBPPs to U.S. employees hired or rehired on or after January 1, 2008. New U.S. employees will instead receive a retirement contribution of similar benefit value under the Company’s Profit Participation Plan. Current participants of the Company’s DBPPs continue to accrue benefits based on existing plan formulas.

The components of net periodic benefit expense related to the Retirement Plans are as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,
	Pension Plans						Other Retirement Plans
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Components of net periodic expense
Service cost	$	3	$	4	$	1	$	1
Interest cost	5		5		—		—
Expected return on plan assets	(5)		(5)		—		—
Amortization of net actuarial loss from earlier periods	1		1		—		—

Net periodic expense	$	4	$	5	$	1	$	1


		Three Months Ended March 31,															Six Months Ended June 30,
		Pension Plans						Other Retirement Plans							Pension Plans				Other Retirement Plans
		2020		2019		2020		2019			2020		2019		2020		2019
Components of net periodic expense	Components of net periodic expense									Components of net periodic expense
Service cost	Service cost	$	5	$	4	$	1	$	1	Service cost	$	8	$	8	$	2	$	1
Interest cost	Interest cost	4		5		—		—		Interest cost	9		10		—		1
Expected return on plan assets	Expected return on plan assets	(5)		(5)		—		—		Expected return on plan assets	(10)		(10)		—		—
Amortization of net actuarial loss from earlier periods	Amortization of net actuarial loss from earlier periods	2		1		—		—		Amortization of net actuarial loss from earlier periods	3		2		—		—
Amortization of net prior service costs from earlier periods		—		—		—		—

Net periodic expense	Net periodic expense	$	6	$	5	$	1	$	1	Net periodic expense	$	10	$	10	$	2	$	2

The Company made a contribution of $99 million to its funded pension plan, ~~as well as payments of $3~~$4 million related to its unfunded U.S. DBPPs and $1 million to its U.S other retirement plans during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020. Additionally, the Company anticipates making payments of ~~$3 million and $1~~$5 million to its unfunded U.S. DBPPs, ~~and U.S. other retirement plans, respectively,~~ during the remainder of 2020.

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NOTE ~~16.~~17. INDEBTEDNESS

The Company’s debt is recorded at its carrying amount, which represents the issuance amount plus or minus any issuance premium or discount, except for the 2012 Senior Notes, the 2017 Senior Notes due 2021, the 2017 Senior Notes due 2023, and the 2017 Senior Notes due 2028 which are recorded at the carrying amount adjusted for the fair value of an interest rate swap used to hedge the fair value of the note.

The following table summarizes total indebtedness:


March 31, 2020
June 30, 2020												June 30, 2020
Notes Payable:	Notes Payable:	Principal Amount		Fair Value of Interest Rate Swaps ⁽¹⁾		Unamortized (Discount) Premium		Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs		Carrying Value		Notes Payable:	Principal Amount		Fair Value of Interest Rate Swaps ⁽¹⁾		Unamortized (Discount) Premium		Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs		Carrying Value
4.50% 2012 Senior Notes, due 2022	4.50% 2012 Senior Notes, due 2022	$	500	$	18	$	(1)	$	(1)	$	516	4.50% 2012 Senior Notes, due 2022	$	500	$	18	$	(1)	$	(1)	$	516
4.875% 2013 Senior Notes, due 2024	4.875% 2013 Senior Notes, due 2024	500		—		(1)		(1)		498		4.875% 2013 Senior Notes, due 2024	500		—		(1)		(1)		498
5.25% 2014 Senior Notes (30-Year), due 2044	5.25% 2014 Senior Notes (30-Year), due 2044	600		—		3		(5)		598		5.25% 2014 Senior Notes (30-Year), due 2044	600		—		4		(5)		599
1.75% 2015 Senior Notes, due 2027	1.75% 2015 Senior Notes, due 2027	549		—		—		(3)		546		1.75% 2015 Senior Notes, due 2027	562		—		—		(3)		559
2.75% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2021	2.75% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2021	500		21		—		(1)		520		2.75% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2021	500		19		—		(1)		518
2.625% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2023	2.625% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2023	500		15		(1)		(2)		512		2.625% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2023	500		15		(1)		(2)		512
3.25% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2028	3.25% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2028	500		31		(4)		(3)		524		3.25% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2028	500		35		(4)		(3)		528
3.25% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2021		300		—		—		(1)		299
4.25% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2029	4.25% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2029	400		—		(3)		(3)		394		4.25% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2029	400		—		(3)		(3)		394
4.875% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2048	4.875% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2048	400		—		(7)		(4)		389		4.875% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2048	400		—		(7)		(4)		389
0.950% 2019 Senior Notes, due 2030	0.950% 2019 Senior Notes, due 2030	823		—		(3)		(6)		814		0.950% 2019 Senior Notes, due 2030	842		—		(3)		(6)		833
3.75% 2020 Senior Note, due 2025		700		—		(1)		(6)		693
Commercial Paper		487		—		(2)		—		485
Total debt		$	6,759	$	85	$	(20)	$	(36)	$	6,788
Current portion										(485)
3.75% 2020 Senior Notes, due 2025												3.75% 2020 Senior Notes, due 2025	700		—		(1)		(5)		694
3.25% 2020 Senior Notes, due 2050												3.25% 2020 Senior Notes, due 2050	300		—		(4)		(3)		293

Total long-term debt	Total long-term debt									$	6,303	Total long-term debt	$	6,304	$	87	$	(21)	$	(37)	$	6,333


December 31, 2019
Notes Payable:	Principal Amount		Fair Value of Interest Rate Swaps ⁽¹⁾		Unamortized (Discount) Premium		Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs		Carrying Value

4.50% 2012 Senior Notes, due 2022	$	500	$	9	$	(1)	$	(1)	$	507
4.875% 2013 Senior Notes, due 2024	500		—		(1)		(2)		497
5.25% 2014 Senior Notes (30-Year), due 2044	600		—		4		(5)		599
1.75% 2015 Senior Notes, due 2027	561		—		—		(3)		558
2.75% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2021	500		11		(1)		(2)		508
2.625% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2023	500		7		(1)		(2)		504
3.25% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2028	500		—		(4)		(3)		493
3.25% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2021	300		—		—		(1)		299
4.25% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2029	400		—		(3)		(3)		394
4.875% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2048	400		—		(7)		(4)		389
0.950% 2019 Senior Notes, due 2030	842		—		(3)		(6)		833
Total long-term debt	$	5,603	$	27	$	(17)	$	(32)	$	5,581

⁽¹⁾ The Company has entered into interest rate swaps on the 2012 Senior Notes, the 2017 Senior Notes due 2021, the 2017 Senior Notes due 2023 and the 2017 Senior Notes due 2028 which are more fully discussed in Note 10 above. These amounts represent the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of the hedged debt.

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~~Commercial Paper~~

As of March 31, 2020, the Company has CP borrowings outstanding of $485 million with a weighted average maturity date at the time of issuance of 77 days. At March 31, 2020, the weighted average remaining maturity and interest rate on CP outstanding was 58 days and 2.38% respectively.

Notes Payable

On March 25, 2020, the Company issued $700 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured rate notes in a public offering. The 2020 Senior Notes (5-year) bear interest at an annual fixed rate of 3.75% and mature on March 24, 2025.

On May 20, 2020, the Company issued $300 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured rate notes in a public offering. The 2020 Senior Notes (30-year) bear interest at an annual fixed rate of 3.25% and mature on May 20, 2050.

The Company may prepay certain amounts of its senior notes, in whole or in part, but may incur a Make-Whole Amount penalty. In the second quarter of 2020, the Company fully repaid $300 million of the 2018 Senior Notes due 2021 along with a Make-Whole Amount of approximately $8 million.

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all covenants contained within all of the debt agreements. All the debt agreements contain cross default provisions which state that default under one of the aforementioned debt instruments could in turn permit lenders under other debt instruments to declare borrowings outstanding under those instruments to be immediately due and payable. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, there were no such cross defaults.

The repayment schedule for the Company’s borrowings is as follows:


Year Ending December 31,	Year Ending December 31,	2012 Senior Notes due 2022		2013 Senior Notes due 2024		2014 Senior Notes (30-Year) due 2044		2015 Senior Notes due 2027		2017 Senior Notes due 2021		2017 Senior Notes due 2023		2017 Senior Notes due 2028		2018 Senior Notes due 2021		2018 Senior Notes due 2029		2018 Senior Notes due 2048		2019 Senior Notes due 2030					2020 Senior Note due 2025				Commercial Paper				Total		Year Ending December 31,		2012 Senior Notes due 2022			2013 Senior Notes due 2024			2014 Senior Notes (30-Year) due 2044			2015 Senior Notes due 2027			2017 Senior Notes due 2021			2017 Senior Notes due 2023			2017 Senior Notes due 2028			2018 Senior Notes due 2029			2018 Senior Notes due 2048		2019 Senior Notes due 2030			2020 Senior Notes due 2025		2020 Senior Notes due 2050		Total
2020 (After March 31,)		$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—				$	—			$	487			$	487
2020 (After June 30,)																								2020 (After June 30,)	$	—			$	—			$	—				$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—				$	—
2021	2021	—		—		—		—		500		—		—		300		—		—		—					—				—				$	800	2021		—			—			—			—			500			—			—			—			—		—			—		—		$	500
2022	2022	500		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—					—				—				$	500	2022		500			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—		—		$	500
2023	2023	—		—		—		—		—		500		—		—		—		—		—					—				—				$	500	2023		—			—			—			—			—			500			—			—			—		—			—		—		$	500
2024	2024	—		500		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—					—				—				$	500	2024		—			500			—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—		—		$	500
Thereafter	Thereafter	—		—		600		549		—		—		500		—		400		400		823					700				—				$	3,972	Thereafter		—			—			600			562			—			—			500			400			400		842			700		300		$	4,304
Total	Total	$	500	$	500	$	600	$	549	$	500	$	500	$	500	$	300	$	400	$	400	$	823				$	700			$	487			$	6,759	Total		$	500		$	500		$	600		$	562		$	500		$	500		$	500		$	400		$	400	$	842		$	700	$	300	$	6,304

Interest expense, net

The following table summarizes the components of interest as presented in the consolidated statements of operations:


		Three Months Ended March 31,							Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2020		2019			2020		2019		2020		2019
Income	Income	$	4	$	5	Income	$	3	$	4	$	7	$	9
Expense on borrowings	Expense on borrowings	(31)		(46)		Expense on borrowings	(48)		(42)		(79)		(88)
UTPs and other tax related liabilities	UTPs and other tax related liabilities	(8)		(6)		UTPs and other tax related liabilities	(10)		(8)		(18)		(13)
Net periodic pension costs - interest component	Net periodic pension costs - interest component	(5)		(5)		Net periodic pension costs - interest component	(5)		(5)		(10)		(11)
Total	Total	$	(40)	$	(52)	Total	$	(60)	$	(51)	$	(100)	$	(103)

The following table shows the cash paid for interest:

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2020 2019
Interest paid $ 49 $ 73


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Interest paid	$	72	$	98

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The fair value and carrying value of the Company’s debt as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows:


		March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019							June 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value			Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
4.50% 2012 Senior Notes, due 2022	4.50% 2012 Senior Notes, due 2022	$	516	$	521	$	507	$	531	4.50% 2012 Senior Notes, due 2022	$	516	$	537	$	507	$	531
4.875% 2013 Senior Notes, due 2024	4.875% 2013 Senior Notes, due 2024	498		536		497		551		4.875% 2013 Senior Notes, due 2024	498		565		497		551
5.25% 2014 Senior Notes (30-Year), due 2044	5.25% 2014 Senior Notes (30-Year), due 2044	598		738		599		757		5.25% 2014 Senior Notes (30-Year), due 2044	599		830		599		757
1.75% 2015 Senior Notes, due 2027	1.75% 2015 Senior Notes, due 2027	546		577		558		604		1.75% 2015 Senior Notes, due 2027	559		606		558		604
2.75% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2021	2.75% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2021	520		497		508		507		2.75% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2021	518		515		508		507
2.625% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2023	2.625% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2023	512		496		504		507		2.625% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2023	512		523		504		507
3.25% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2028	3.25% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2028	524		509		493		523		3.25% 2017 Senior Notes, due 2028	528		543		493		523
3.25% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2021	3.25% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2021	299		301		299		306		3.25% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2021	—		—		299		306
4.25% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2029	4.25% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2029	394		445		394		453		4.25% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2029	394		475		394		453
4.875% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2048	4.875% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2048	389		463		389		492		4.875% 2018 Senior Notes, due 2048	389		532		389		492
0.950% 2019 Senior Notes, due 2030	0.950% 2019 Senior Notes, due 2030	814		769		833		847		0.950% 2019 Senior Notes, due 2030	833		859		833		847
3.75% 2020 Senior Note, due 2025		693		732		—		—
3.75% 2020 Senior Notes, due 2025										3.75% 2020 Senior Notes, due 2025	694		790		—		—
3.25% 2020 Senior Notes, due 2050										3.25% 2020 Senior Notes, due 2050	293		322		—		—
Total	Total	$	6,303	$	6,584	$	5,581	$	6,078	Total	$	6,333	$	7,097	$	5,581	$	6,078

The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt is estimated based on quoted market prices for similar instruments. Accordingly, the inputs used to estimate the fair value of the Company’s long-term debt are classified as Level 2 inputs within the fair value hierarchy.

NOTE ~~17.~~18. LEASES

The Company has operating leases, substantially all of which relate to the lease of office space. The Company’s leases which are classified as finance leases are not material to the consolidated financial statements. Certain of the Company’s leases include options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one year to 20 years at the Company’s discretion.

The following table presents the components of the Company’s lease cost:


							Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		Three Months Ended March 31, 2020		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019			2020		2019		2020		2019

Operating lease cost	Operating lease cost	$	24	$	25	Operating lease cost	$	24	$	24	$	48	$	49
Sublease Income		(1)		—
Sublease income						Sublease income	(1)		—		(2)		—
Variable lease cost	Variable lease cost	5		4		Variable lease cost	5		4		10		8
Total lease cost	Total lease cost	$	28	$	29	Total lease cost	$	28	$	28	$	56	$	57

The following tables present other information related to the Company’s operating leases:


							Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		Three Months Ended March 31, 2020		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019			2020		2019		2020		2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	26	$	26	Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	27	$	27	$	53	$	53
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	9	$	9	Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	11	$	7	$	20	$	16

March 31, 2020 March 31, 2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term 6.7 years 7.3 years
Weighted-average discount rate applied to operating leases 3.6 % 3.6 %

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	June 30, 2020		June 30, 2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term	6.5 years		7.3 years
Weighted-average discount rate applied to operating leases	3.6	%	3.6	%

The following table presents a maturity analysis of the future minimum lease payments included within the Company’s operating lease liabilities at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020:


Year Ending December 31,	Year Ending December 31,	Operating Leases		Year Ending December 31,	Operating Leases
2020 (After March 31)		$	80
2020 (After June 30)				2020 (After June 30)	$	54
2021	2021	103		2021	105
2022	2022	90		2022	93
2023	2023	84		2023	87
2024	2024	78		2024	80
After 2024	After 2024	186		After 2024	188
Total lease payments (undiscounted)	Total lease payments (undiscounted)	621		Total lease payments (undiscounted)	607
Less: Interest	Less: Interest	69		Less: Interest	66
Present value of lease liabilities:	Present value of lease liabilities:	$	552	Present value of lease liabilities:	$	541
Lease liabilities - current	Lease liabilities - current	$	89	Lease liabilities - current	$	90
Lease liabilities - noncurrent	Lease liabilities - noncurrent	$	463	Lease liabilities - noncurrent	$	451

NOTE ~~18.~~19. CONTINGENCIES

Given the nature of ~~their~~the Company's activities, Moody’s and its subsidiaries are subject to legal and tax proceedings, governmental, regulatory and legislative investigations, subpoenas and other inquiries, and claims and litigation by governmental and private parties that are based on ratings assigned by MIS or that are otherwise incidental to the Company’s business. Moody’s and MIS also are subject to periodic reviews, inspections, examinations and investigations by regulators in the U.S. and other jurisdictions, any of which may result in claims, legal proceedings, assessments, fines, penalties or restrictions on business activities. Moody’s also is subject to ongoing tax audits as addressed in Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements.

Management periodically assesses the Company’s liabilities and contingencies in connection with these matters based upon the latest information available. For claims, litigation and proceedings and governmental investigations and inquiries not related to income taxes, the Company records liabilities in the consolidated financial statements when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated and periodically adjusts these as appropriate. When the reasonable estimate of the loss is within a range of amounts, the minimum amount of the range is accrued unless some higher amount within the range is a better estimate than another amount within the range. In instances when a loss is reasonably possible but uncertainties exist related to the probable outcome and/or the amount or range of loss, management does not record a liability but discloses the contingency if material. As additional information becomes available, the Company adjusts its assessments and estimates of such matters accordingly. Moody’s also discloses material pending legal proceedings pursuant to SEC rules and other pending matters as it may determine to be appropriate.

In view of the inherent difficulty of assessing the potential outcome of legal proceedings, governmental, regulatory and legislative investigations and inquiries, claims and litigation and similar matters and contingencies, particularly when the claimants seek large or indeterminate damages or assert novel legal theories or the matters involve a large number of parties, the Company often cannot predict what the eventual outcome of the pending matters will be or the timing of any resolution of such matters. The Company also may be unable to predict the impact (if any) that any such matters may have on how its business is conducted, on its competitive position or on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows. As the process to resolve any pending matters progresses, management will continue to review the latest information available and assess its ability to predict the outcome of such matters and the effects, if any, on its operations and financial condition and to accrue for and disclose such matters as and when required. However, because such matters are inherently unpredictable and unfavorable developments or resolutions can occur, the ultimate outcome of such matters, including the amount of any loss, may differ from those estimates.

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NOTE ~~19.~~20. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company is organized into 2 operating segments: MIS and MA and accordingly, the Company reports in 2 reportable segments: MIS and MA.

The MIS segment consists of 5 LOBs. The CFG, SFG, FIG and PPIF LOBs generate revenue principally from fees for the assignment and ongoing monitoring of credit ratings on debt obligations and the entities that issue such obligations in markets worldwide. The MIS Other LOB primarily consists of financial instruments pricing services in the Asia-Pacific region, ICRA non-ratings revenue and revenue from providing ESG research, data and assessments.

~~Table of Contents~~

The MA segment develops a wide range of products and services that support the risk management activities of institutional participants in global financial markets. Beginning in the first quarter of 2020, the MA segment now consists of 2 LOBs - RD&A and ERS. Subsequent to the divestiture of MAKS in the fourth quarter of 2019, the MALS business, which was historically part of the PS LOB through December 31, 2019, was reclassified to the RD&A LOB. Prior year revenue by LOB has not been reclassified as the amounts relating to the MALS business were not material.

Revenue for MIS and expenses for MA include an intersegment royalty charged to MA for the rights to use and distribute content, data and products developed by MIS. The royalty rate charged by MIS approximates the fair value of the aforementioned content, data and products and is generally based on comparable market transactions. Also, revenue for MA and expenses for MIS include an intersegment fee charged to MIS from MA for certain MA products and services utilized in MIS’s ratings process. These fees charged by MA are generally equal to the costs incurred by MA to produce these products and services.

Overhead expenses include costs such as rent and occupancy, information technology and support staff such as finance, human resources and legal. Such costs and corporate expenses that exclusively benefit one segment are fully charged to that segment.

For overhead costs and corporate expenses that benefit both segments, costs are allocated to each segment based on the segment’s share of full-year 2018 actual revenue which comprises a “Baseline Pool” that will remain fixed over time. In subsequent periods, incremental overhead costs (or reductions thereof) will be allocated to each segment based on the prevailing shares of total revenue represented by each segment.

“Eliminations” in the following table represent intersegment revenue/expense. Moody’s does not report the Company’s assets by reportable segment, as this metric is not used by the chief operating decision maker to allocate resources to the segments. Consequently, it is not practical to show assets by reportable segment.

Financial Information by Segment

The table below shows revenue, operating income and Adjusted Operating Income ~~and operating income~~ by reportable segment. Adjusted Operating Income is a financial metric utilized by the Company’s chief operating decision maker to assess the profitability of each reportable segment. Refer to Note 3 for further details on the components of the Company’s revenue.

Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019
MIS MA Eliminations Consolidated MIS MA Eliminations Consolidated
Revenue $ 831 $ 498 $ (39) $ 1,290 $ 702 $ 474 $ (34) $ 1,142
Total Expenses 343 394 (39) 698 336 378 (34) 680
Operating income 488 104 — 592 366 96 — 462
Add:

Restructuring (1) — — (1) 3 3 — 6
Depreciation and
amortization
16 33 — 49 17 33 — 50
Acquisition-Related
Expenses
— — — — — 1 — 1
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS — 9 — 9 — — — —
Adjusted Operating Income $ 503 $ 146 $ — $ 649 $ 386 $ 133 $ — $ 519



	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2020														2019
	MIS		MA		Eliminations		Consolidated		MIS		MA		Eliminations		Consolidated
Revenue	$	973	$	499	$	(37)	$	1,435	$	772	$	478	$	(36)	$	1,214
Total Expense	369		393		(37)		725		352		415		(36)		731
Operating income	604		106		—		710		420		63		—		483
Add:
Restructuring	—		(2)		—		(2)		26		27		—		53
Depreciation and amortization	19		39		—		58		18		34		—		52
Acquisition-Related Expenses	—		—		—		—		—		2		—		2
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	—		—		—		—		—		9		—		9

Adjusted Operating Income	$	623	$	143	$	—	$	766	$	464	$	135	$	—	$	599

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	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020														2019
	MIS		MA		Eliminations		Consolidated		MIS		MA		Eliminations		Consolidated
Revenue	$	1,804	$	997	$	(76)	$	2,725	$	1,474	$	952	$	(70)	$	2,356
Total Expenses	712		787		(76)		1,423		688		793		(70)		1,411
Operating income	1,092		210		—		1,302		786		159		—		945
Add:
Restructuring	(1)		(2)		—		(3)		29		30		—		59
Depreciation and amortization	35		72		—		107		35		67		—		102
Acquisition-Related Expenses	—		—		—		—		—		3		—		3
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	—		9		—		9		—		9		—		9

Adjusted Operating Income	$	1,126	$	289	$	—	$	1,415	$	850	$	268	$	—	$	1,118

Consolidated Revenue Information by Geographic Area

~~Consolidated Revenue Information by Geographic Area:~~


		Three Months Ended March 31,							Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2020		2019			2020		2019		2020		2019
United States	United States	$	714	$	612	United States	$	837	$	638	$	1,551	$	1,250
Non-U.S.:	Non-U.S.:					Non-U.S.:
EMEA	EMEA	363		333		EMEA	373		362		736		695
Asia-Pacific	Asia-Pacific	136		132		Asia-Pacific	144		141		280		273
Americas	Americas	77		65		Americas	81		73		158		138
Total Non-U.S.	Total Non-U.S.	576		530		Total Non-U.S.	598		576		1,174		1,106
Total	Total	$	1,290	$	1,142	Total	$	1,435	$	1,214	$	2,725	$	2,356

NOTE ~~20.~~21. RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715- 20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans”. This ASU eliminates requirements for certain disclosures and requires additional disclosures under defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement plans. The ASU is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 on a retrospective basis to all periods presented, with early adoption permitted. The Company will comply with the new disclosure requirements set forth in this ASU upon adoption.

In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825 Financial Instruments”. This ASU clarifies and improves guidance related to the recently issued standards updates on credit losses, hedging, and recognition and measurement of financial instruments. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of this ASU will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes". This ASU simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740, Income Taxes, and clarifies certain aspects of the existing guidance to promote consistency among reporting entities. Most amendments within this ASU are required to be applied on a prospective basis, while certain amendments must be applied on a retrospective or modified retrospective basis. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company ~~is currently evaluating~~does not anticipate that the ~~impact~~adoption of this ASU will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

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NOTE ~~21.~~22. SUBSEQUENT ~~EVENT~~EVENTS

On ~~April 20,~~July 28, 2020, the Board approved the declaration of a quarterly dividend of $0.56 per share of Moody’s common stock, payable on ~~June~~September 10, 2020 to shareholders of record at the close of business on ~~May~~August 20, 2020.

On July 29, 2020, the chief executive officer of Moody’s approved a restructuring program primarily in response to the COVID-19 pandemic which revolves around the rationalization and exit of certain real estate leases. The exit from certain leased office space is anticipated to begin in the third quarter of 2020 and be substantially completed during the first half of 2021, and is expected to result in an estimated annualized savings of approximately $5 million to $6 million a year. The Program is estimated to result in total pre-tax charges of $25 to $35 million, which primarily reflects a non-cash charge related to operating lease right-of-use assets.Approximately$20 to $30 million of this amount is expected to be recorded in the second half of 2020.

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the Moody’s Corporation condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains Forward-Looking Statements. See “Forward-Looking Statements” commencing on page 6787 for a discussion of uncertainties, risks and other factors associated with these statements.

THE COMPANY

Moody’s is a provider of (i) credit ratings and assessment services; (ii) credit, capital markets and economic research, data and analytical tools; (iii) software solutions that support financial risk management activities; (iv) quantitatively derived credit scores; (v) learning solutions and certification services; ~~(vi) offshore financial research~~ and ~~analytical services (this business was divested with the sale of MAKS in the fourth quarter of 2019); and (vii)~~(vi) company information and business intelligence products. Moody’s reports in two reportable segments: MIS and MA.

MIS, the credit rating agency, publishes credit ratings and provides assessment services on a wide range of debt obligations and the entities that issue such obligations in markets worldwide. Revenue is primarily derived from the originators and issuers of such transactions who use MIS ratings in the distribution of their debt issues to investors. Additionally, MIS earns revenue from certain non-ratings-related operations, which consist primarily of financial instrument pricing services in the Asia-Pacific region, revenue from ICRA’s non-ratings operations and revenue from providing ESG research, data and assessments. The revenue from these operations is included in the MIS Other LOB and is not material to the results of the MIS segment.

Corporate Social Responsibility

Moody’s believes that knowledge fuels opportunity. The core of Moody’s business is to provide credit ratings, research, tools and analysis that help to equip participants in the global financial markets to understand risks and make important investment decisions with critical insight. Moody’s global corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts are rooted in that same approach. Moody’s is committed to working to empower people with the knowledge, resources and confidence they need to create a better future – for themselves, their communities and the environment.

The CSR Council, chaired by President and CEO Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. and comprised of members of the management team, evaluates the Company’s CSR progress and generates recommendations on its CSR strategy. The CSR Working Group, comprised of senior executives, is then charged with implementing the Company’s CSR strategy. In addition, the Company’s Board of Directors oversees sustainability matters, with assistance from the Governance & Nominating Committee, as part of its oversight of management and the Company’s overall strategy. For more information on Moody’s approach to CSR, see moodys.com/csr. The content of this website is not incorporated by reference herein.

Sustainability

Moody’s advances sustainability by considering Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors throughout its operations and two business segments. It uses its expertise and assets to make a positive difference through technology tools, research and analytical services that help other organizations and the investor community better understand the links between sustainability considerations and the global markets. Moody’s efforts to promote sustainability-related thought leadership, assessments and data to market participants include following the policies of recognized sustainability and corporate social responsibility parties that develop standards or frameworks and/or evaluate and assess performance, including Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB). Moody’s sustainability-related achievements have included the following: (i) ~~Moody’s~~ reporting using recommendations from SASB; (ii) ~~the Company~~ becoming a signatory to the Principles for Responsible Investment; (iii) it joining the United Nations Global Compact; and (iv) it issuing annual reports on how the Company has implemented the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD).

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COVID-19

The Company is closely monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of its business. While the Company has selectively reopened certain of its offices, Moody’s ~~has transitioned~~continues to require remote work for ~~all~~most employees globally and has operated effectively to ~~help reduce~~date. The Company continues to monitor regional developments relating to the ~~spread of COVID-19.~~COVID-19 pandemic to inform decisions on office re-openings.

In ~~March~~the first half of 2020, in order to maximize liquidity and to increase available cash on hand through this period of uncertainty, the Company ~~issued~~added $700 million in ~~5-year Senior Notes~~additional long-term borrowings and began borrowing under its CP Program as more fully discussed in the section entitled "Liquidity and Capital Resources" below and in Note 1617 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. In addition, the Company is reducing discretionary spending, including suspending its share repurchase program until further notice.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was enacted on March 27, 2020 in the United States. The Company intends on utilizing certain provisions in the CARES Act and other IRS guidance which permit the deferral of certain income and payroll tax remittances.

~~Refer to Part II, Item 1A - "Risk Factors" of this Form 10-Q for further discussion of the Company's risks relating to the COVID-19 crisis.~~

Critical Accounting Estimates

Moody’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires Moody’s to make estimates and judgments that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. These estimates are based on historical experience and on other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, Moody’s evaluates its estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, accounts receivable allowances, contingencies, restructuring, goodwill and acquired intangible assets, pension and other retirement benefits, stock-based compensation, and income taxes. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Item 7, MD&A, in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, includes descriptions of some of the judgments that Moody’s makes in applying its accounting estimates in these areas. Since the date of the annual report on Form 10-K, there have been no material changes to the Company’s critical accounting estimates other than: i) the critical accounting estimate disclosures relating to goodwill to update the Company's impairment sensitivity analysis in light of a further decline in the market capitalization of ~~ICRA;~~ICRA and interim impairment assessment of Reis; and ii) to update the critical accounting estimate disclosures for the Company's accounts receivable allowances to align with the adoption of ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments".

Goodwill

This update should be read in conjunction with the critical accounting estimate disclosures made in the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, and relates to the Company’s ICRA and Reis reporting ~~unit.~~units.

ICRA is a publicly traded company in India, and accordingly the Company is able to derive its fair value based on its observable average market capitalization (plus a control premium) over a relatively short duration of time. During the first ~~quarter~~half of 2020, the average market capitalization of ICRA declined to a level that resulted in a significant decline in headroom ~~(amount~~(the amount by which the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value) from amounts reported in the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. While the current estimate of the fair value of the ICRA reporting unit results in no impairment of goodwill at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, further declines in ICRA's average market capitalization could result in impairment in future quarters.

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Additionally, as discussed in further detail in Note 11 to the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements, ICRA has reported that it has completed its internal examinations into anonymous allegations that were forwarded to ICRA by SEBI and certain additional allegations made during the course of that examination while an examination into a separate anonymous complaint is ~~addressing certain matters which are currently under investigation.~~ongoing. ICRA reported that its Board of Directors is in the process of taking appropriate actions based on the findings of the completed examinations. As of the date ~~of the filing~~ of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, the Company is unable to estimate the financial impact, if any, that may result from a potential unfavorable conclusion of these matters or any other ICRA inquiry. An unfavorable resolution of such matters may negatively impact ICRA’s future operating results, which could result in an impairment of goodwill and amortizable intangible assets in future quarters.

At June 30, 2020, the Company performed an interim quantitative goodwill impairment assessment on the Reis reporting unit (acquired in October 2018), which resulted in no impairment of goodwill. The Company performed this quantitative assessment in response to a decline in projected cash flows relative to Reis' acquisition case projections and included the estimated impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the business. While the fair value at June 30, 2020 of the Reis reporting unit exceeds carrying value, further declines in its financial projections could result in impairment in future quarters.

Sensitivity Analysis and Key Assumptions for Deriving the Fair Value of a Reporting Unit

The following table identifies the amount of goodwill allocated to each reporting unit as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and the amount by which the net assets of each reporting unit would exceed the fair value under Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test as prescribed in ASC Topic 350, assuming hypothetical reductions in their fair values as of the date of the last quantitative goodwill impairment assessment for each reporting unit ~~(July~~(June 30, 2020 for ICRA and Reis; July 31, 2019 for all remaining reporting units).


			Sensitivity Analysis
			Deficit Caused by a Hypothetical Reduction to Fair Value
	Goodwill		10%		20%		30%		40%
MIS	$	95	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Content	363		—		—		—		—
ERS	726		—		—		—		—
MALS	121		—		—		(12)		(37)
ICRA	206		—		(2)		(44)		(85)
Bureau van Dijk	2,504		—		—		—		(266)
Reis	147		—		(22)		(48)		(74)
Totals	$	4,162	$	—	$	(24)	$	(104)	$	(462)

Methodologies and significant estimates utilized in determining the fair value of reporting units:

The following is a discussion regarding the Company’s methodology for determining the fair value of its reporting units, ~~except~~excluding ICRA, as of the date of each reporting unit’s last quantitative assessment (June 30, 2020 for Reis and ~~Reis)~~July 31, 2019 for the remaining reporting units).

Sensitivity Analysis
Deficit Caused by a Hypothetical Reduction to Fair Value
Goodwill 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 %
MIS $ 98 $ — $ — $ — $ —
Content 358 — — — —
ERS 683 — — — —
MALS 118 — — (12) (37)
ICRA 218 — — (44) (88)
Bureau van Dijk 2,466 — — — (266)
Reis ⁽¹⁾
181 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Totals $ 4,122 $ — $ — $ (56) $ (391)

⁽¹⁾Reis was ~~acquired in October 2018. Due~~not quantitatively assessed as of July 31, 2019 due to the close proximity of its acquisition date to the ~~Reis acquisition,~~assessment date. As ICRA is a publicly traded company in India, the ~~purchase price approximates~~Company estimates its fair value using its observable market capitalization.

The fair value of each reporting unit, excluding ICRA, was estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology and comparable public company and precedent transaction multiples. The discounted cash flow analysis requires significant estimates, including projections of future operating results and cash flows of each reporting unit that are based on internal budgets and strategic plans, expected long-term growth rates, terminal values, weighted average cost of capital and the effects of external factors and market conditions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the estimated fair value of each reporting unit that could result in an impairment charge to reduce the carrying value of goodwill, which could be material to the Company’s financial position and results of operations. Moody’s allocates newly acquired goodwill to reporting units based on the reporting unit expected to benefit from the acquisition.

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The sensitivity analysis on the future cash flows and WACC assumptions described below are as of each reporting unit’s last quantitative goodwill impairment assessment. The following discusses the key assumptions utilized in the discounted cash flow valuation methodology that requires significant management judgment:

–Future cash flow assumptions - The projections for future cash flows utilized in the models are derived from historical experience and assumptions regarding future growth and profitability of each reporting unit. These projections are consistent with the Company’s operating budget and strategic plan. Cash flows for the five to six years subsequent to the date of the quantitative goodwill impairment analysis were utilized in the determination of the fair value of each reporting unit. Beyond the forecasted period, a terminal value was determined using a perpetuity growth rate based on inflation and real GDP growth rates. A sensitivity analysis of the revenue growth rates was performed on all reporting units. For each reporting unit analyzed, a 10% reduction in the revenue growth rates used would not have resulted in its carrying value exceeding its estimated fair value.

–WACC - The WACC is the rate used to discount each reporting unit’s estimated future cash flows. The WACC is calculated based on the proportionate weighting of the cost of debt and equity. The cost of equity is based on a risk-free interest rate and an equity risk factor, which is derived from public companies similar to the reporting ~~unit. In~~unit and which captures the ~~event that Reis' actual performance does not meet its acquisition-case~~perceived risks and uncertainties associated with the reporting unit’s cash flows. The cost of debt component is calculated as the weighted average cost associated with all of the Company’s outstanding borrowings as of the date of the impairment test and was immaterial to the computation of the WACC. The cost of debt and equity is weighted based on the debt to market capitalization ratio of publicly traded companies with similarities to the reporting unit being tested. The WACC for all reporting units ranged from 8.5% to 9.0% as of June 30, 2020. Differences in the WACC used between reporting units is primarily due to distinct risks and uncertainties regarding the cash flows of the different reporting units. A sensitivity analysis of the WACC was performed on all reporting units. For each reporting unit analyzed, an ~~impairment in future quarters could result.~~

~~As illustrated~~increase in the ~~preceding table, with~~WACC of one percentage point would not result in the ~~exception~~carrying value of the ~~ICRA~~ reporting unit ~~as discussed above, the MALS reporting unit is the most at risk for potential impairment and failure to meet~~exceeding its ~~financial projections could result in impairment in future quarters~~.fair value.

Accounts Receivable Allowances

On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” as more fully described in Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. As the Company's accounts receivable are short-term in nature, the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact to the Company's allowance for bad debts or its policies and procedures for determining the allowance.

In order to determine an estimate of expected credit losses, receivables are segmented based on similar risk characteristics including historical credit loss patterns and industry or class of customers to calculate reserve rates. The Company uses an aging method for developing its allowance for credit losses by which receivable balances are grouped based on aging category. A reserve rate is calculated for each aging category which is generally based on historical information. The reserve rate is adjusted, when necessary, for current conditions (e.g., macroeconomic or industry related) and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future. The Company also considers customer specific information (e.g., bankruptcy or financial difficulty) when estimating its expected credit losses, as well as the economic environment of the customers, both from an industry and geographic perspective, in evaluating the need for allowances. Expected credit losses are reflected as additions to the accounts receivable allowance. Actual uncollectible account write-offs are recorded against the allowance.

~~As of March 31,~~In 2020, Moody's assessment included consideration of the current COVID-19 pandemic and its estimated impact on the Company's accounts receivable allowances. This assessment involved the utilization of significant judgment regarding the severity and duration of the market disruption caused by the pandemic, as well as judgment regarding which industries, classes of customers and geographies would be most significantly impacted.

Reportable Segments

The Company is organized into two reportable segments at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020: MIS and MA, which are more fully described in the section entitled “The Company” above and in Note 1920 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

~~Three months ended March 31, 2020 compared with three months ended March 31, 2019~~

~~Executive Summary~~Expected Impact of COVID-19 on the Company's future operating results

–The Company is closely monitoring the impact of COVID-19 on all aspects of its business (refer to the section above entitled "COVID-19" for further detail). The operating results discussed below may not be indicative of future quarterly results of the Company due to uncertainties relating to the duration and severity of the pandemic and its potential impact on Moody's. The Company remains committed to disciplined cost management through this period of uncertainty.

–As of the date of the filing of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, the Company believes the most significant near-term impacts to Moody's business ~~will~~may be:

–MIS: within the MIS segment, the most ~~adverse impact in 2020 is~~notable near-term impacts are likely to bebe:

–the potential for continued volatility in ~~leveraged finance where the~~issuance. The Company ~~has~~ observed significant market disruption and a widening of credit spreads late in the first ~~quarter. Continued~~quarter of 2020, followed by strong corporate bond issuance activity in the second quarter of 2020. Future market volatility and widening of credit spreads ~~for those leveraged issuers~~ could have a material impact on MIS's operating results in the ~~remaining three quarters~~second half of 2020;

–investment-grade issuance in the second half of 2020 may moderate compared to issuance levels observed in the first half of 2020. While investment-grade issuance has been strong in the first half of 2020, a portion of this activity has resulted from corporate issuers bolstering their balance sheets in light of uncertainties regarding the COVID-19 pandemic;

–potential full-year 2020 declines in leveraged loan issuance could result in a decrease in availability of collateral for securitization activity, which could then result in further declines in CLO activity.

–MA: ~~while it is expected that~~within the MA ~~will be less affected by~~segment, the ~~COVID-19 crisis in 2020 than MIS, it is possible that the following~~most notable near-term impacts ~~from the pandemic could have a material adverse impact on MA's operating results in the remaining three quarters of 2020:~~are likely to be:

–reductions in discretionary spending by MA’s customer base and social distancing measures could result in reduced sales opportunities and extension of sales cycles on existing opportunities;

–postponement of certain compliance deadlines (e.g., CECL for financial institutions and IFRS 17 for insurers) may delay sales for MA solutions that address these requirements;

–higher attrition rates and/or lower yields on renewable contracts.

~~The Company remains committed to disciplined cost management through this period~~Impact of ~~uncertainty.~~acquisitions/divestitures on comparative results

–Moody’s completed the following acquisitions, which impact the Company's year-over-year comparative results:

–Vigeo Eiris on April 12, 2019;

–Four Twenty Seven on July 22, 2019;

–RiskFirst on July 25, 2019;

–ABS Suite on October 1, 2019; ~~and~~

–Regulatory DataCorp on February 13, 2020.

^–On November 8, 2019, the Company sold its MAKS business to Equistone Partners Europe Limited, a European private equity firm. The operating results of MAKS are reported within the MA segment (and PS LOB) through the November 8, 2019 closing of the transaction. Beginning in 2020, revenue from the Moody's Analytics Learning Solutions ("MALS") unit, which previous to 2020 was reported in the PS LOB, ~~will~~is now be reported as part of the RD&A LOB. Prior periods have not been reclassified as the amounts were not material.

–Refer to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" of this MD&A for the definitions of how the Company determines certain organic growth measures used in this MD&A that exclude the impact of ~~acquisition and~~ acquisition/divestiture activity.

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Three months ended June 30, 2020 compared with three months ended June 30, 2019

Executive Summary

–The following table provides an executive summary of key operating results for the quarter ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020. Following this executive summary is a more detailed discussion of the Company’s operating results as well as a discussion of the operating results of the Company’s reportable segments.


	Three Months Ended June 30,
Financial measure:	2020			2019			% Change		Insight and Key Drivers of Change Compared to Prior Year
Moody's total revenue	$	1,435		$	1,214		18	%	— reflects strong growth in both segments
MIS External Revenue	$	938		$	739		27	%	— growth driven by higher corporate debt issuance (both investment-grade and speculative-grade) as issuers took advantage of low borrowing costs and bolstered their balance sheets in light of uncertainties relating to the COVID-19 crisis
MA External Revenue	$	497		$	475		5	%	— growth in know-your-customer (KYC) and compliance solutions, as well as research and data feeds; — demand for insurance compliance products along with credit assessment and loan origination solutions in ERS; and — inorganic growth from acquisitions.
Total operating and SG&A expenses	$	669		$	615		9	%	— higher legal accruals; — higher costs to support the Company’s initiative to enhance technology infrastructure to enable automation, innovation and efficiency as well as to support business growth; — additional compensation expense resulting from hiring activity and merit increases; partially offset by — lower travel costs and disciplined cost management in light of the COVID-19 crisis
Restructuring	$	(2)		$	53		(104	%)	— charges/adjustments pursuant to the 2018 Restructuring Program
Operating Margin	49.5		%	39.8		%	970BPS		— margin expansion reflects strong revenue growth (most notably in MIS) outpacing expense growth — second quarter 2019 operating margin was suppressed by the aforementioned restructuring charge
Adjusted Operating Margin	53.4		%	49.3		%	410BPS
ETR	23.6		%	28.0		%	(440BPS)		— decrease primarily due to a tax charge in 2019 pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS
Diluted EPS	$	2.69		$	1.62		66	%	— increase reflects strong operating income/Adjusted Operating Income growth as described above
Adjusted Diluted EPS	$	2.81		$	2.07		36	%

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Moody's Corporation


	Three Months Ended June 30,								% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)
	2020			2019
Revenue:
United States	$	837		$	638		31	%
Non-U.S.:
EMEA	373			362			3	%
Asia-Pacific	144			141			2	%
Americas	81			73			11	%
Total Non-U.S.	598			576			4	%
Total	1,435			1,214			18	%
Expenses:
Operating	362			340			(6	%)
SG&A	307			275			(12	%)
Restructuring	(2)			53			104	%
Depreciation and amortization	58			52			(12	%)
Acquisition-Related Expenses	—			2			100	%
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	—			9			100	%

Total	725			731			1	%
Operating income	$	710		$	483		47	%
Adjusted Operating Income ⁽¹⁾	$	766		$	599		28	%
Interest expense, net	$	(60)		$	(51)		(18	%)
Other non-operating income, net	16			—			NM
Non-operating (expense) income, net	$	(44)		$	(51)		14	%

Net income attributable to Moody's	$	509		$	310		64	%
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	189.0			191.3			1	%
Diluted EPS attributable to Moody's common shareholders	$	2.69		$	1.62		66	%
Adjusted Diluted EPS⁽¹⁾	$	2.81		$	2.07		36	%
Operating margin	49.5		%	39.8		%
Adjusted Operating Margin⁽¹⁾	53.4		%	49.3		%
Effective tax rate	23.6		%	28.0		%

⁽¹⁾Adjusted Operating Income, Adjusted Operating Margin and Adjusted Diluted EPS are non-GAAP financial measures. Refer to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" of this Management Discussion and Analysis for further information regarding these measures.

The table below shows Moody’s global staffing by geographic area:


	June 30,					% Change
	2020		2019
United States	4,052		3,903	4	%
Non-U.S.	7,227		9,319	(22	%)
Total	11,279	⁽¹⁾	13,222	(15	%)

⁽¹⁾The divestiture of the MAKS business resulted in a reduction of approximately 2,700 employees, most of which were in low-cost jurisdictions. Additionally, Moody’s global staffing increased by approximately 500 employees relating to acquisitions completed subsequent to June 30, 2019.

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GLOBAL REVENUE

2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Global revenue ⇑ 221 million

U.S. Revenue ⇑ 199 million

Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ 22 million

The increase in global revenue reflected growth in both reportable segments. Refer to the section entitled “Segment Results” of this MD&A for a more fulsome discussion of the Company’s segment revenue.

–The increase in U.S. revenue reflects strong growth in MIS (most notably in CFG revenue) coupled with strong growth in MA (most notably in RD&A).

–The increase in non-U.S. revenue primarily reflects strong growth in MIS (most notably in CFG revenue)

–Foreign currency translation unfavorably impacted non-U.S. revenue by two percent.

Operating Expense ⇑ 22 million

SG&A Expense ⇑$32 million

-------------------------------------

Compensation expenses increased $20 million reflecting:

Compensation expenses increased $10 million reflecting:

— hiring activity, salary increases and higher incentive compensation accruals, partially offset by benefits from the 2018 Restructuring Program.

Non-compensation expenses increased $2 million reflecting:

Non-compensation expenses increased $22 million reflecting:

— higher costs to support the Company’s initiative to enhance technology infrastructure to enable automation, innovation and efficiency as well as to support business growth; mostly offset by:

— higher legal accruals; and

— higher costs to support the Company’s initiative to enhance technology infrastructure to enable automation, innovation and efficiency as well as to support business growth; partially offset by:

— lower travel costs and disciplined cost management in light of the COVID-19 crisis.

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Other Expenses

The restructuring charge of $53 million in the second quarter of 2019 relates to actions pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Restructuring Program, which is more fully discussed in Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

The $9 million loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS relates to the Company's strategic divestiture of this business.

Operating margin 49.5%, up 970 BPS

Adjusted Operating Margin 53.4%, up 410 BPS

— Operating margin expansion reflects strong revenue growth partially offset by modest increases in operating expense. Operating margin in the second quarter of 2019 was suppressed by the aforementioned restructuring charge and loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS.

— Adjusted Operating Margin expansion reflects strong revenue growth partially offset by modest increases in operating expenses.

Interest Expense, net ⇑$9 million

Other non-operating income ⇑$16 million

Increase is primarily due to:

The increase is primarily due to:

— an $8 million prepayment penalty on the early redemption of the 2018 Senior Notes.

— a $9 million benefit relating to statute of limitations lapses on certain indemnification obligations relating to the MAKS divestiture; and

— $7 million in gains on mutual funds held by the Company.


						ETR ⇓440 BPS

The decrease in the ETR is primarily due to an approximate $15 million charge in the second quarter of 2019 relating to the pre-sale reorganization pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS.

Diluted EPS ⇑$1.07

Adjusted Diluted EPS ⇑$0.74


Diluted EPS in the second quarter of 2020 of $2.69 increased $1.07 compared to the same period in 2019, which included the aforementioned restructuring charge as well as the loss and tax-related charge pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS.						Adjusted Diluted EPS of $2.81 in the second quarter of 2020 increased $0.74 compared to the same period in 2019 (refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this MD&A for items excluded in the derivation of Adjusted Diluted EPS).

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Segment Results

Moody’s Investors Service

The table below provides a summary of revenue and operating results, followed by further insight and commentary:


	Three Months Ended June 30,								% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)
	2020			2019
Revenue:
Corporate finance (CFG)	$	572		$	388		47	%
Structured finance (SFG)	81			112			(28	%)
Financial institutions (FIG)	142			125			14	%
Public, project and infrastructure finance (PPIF)	133			108			23	%
Total ratings revenue	928			733			27	%
MIS Other	10			6			67	%
Total external revenue	938			739			27	%
Intersegment royalty	35			33			6	%
Total MIS revenue	973			772			26	%
Expenses:
Operating and SG&A (external)	348			305			(14	%)
Operating and SG&A (intersegment)	2			3			33	%
Restructuring	—			26			(100	%)
Depreciation and amortization	19			18			(6	%)
Total expense	369			352			(5	%)
Operating Income	$	604		$	420		44	%
Restructuring	—			26			(100	%)
Depreciation and amortization	19			18			(6	%)

Adjusted Operating Income	$	623		$	464		34	%

Operating margin	62.1		%	54.4		%
Adjusted Operating Margin	64.0		%	60.1		%

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MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE REVENUE

2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


MIS: Global revenue ⇑ $199 million			U.S. Revenue ⇑ $180 million			Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $19 million

–The increase in global MIS revenue reflected growth across all LOBs excluding SFG.

–The growth in U.S. revenue mainly reflected higher CFG revenue being partially offset by declines in SFG.

–The increase in non-U.S. revenue reflected growth in CFG and PPIF being partially offset by declines in SFG.

–Foreign currency translation unfavorably impacted non-U.S. MIS revenue by two percentage points.

CFG REVENUE

2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


CFG: Global revenue ⇑ $184 million			U.S. Revenue ⇑ $171 million			Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $13 million

Global CFG revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was comprised as follows:

⁽¹⁾Other includes: recurring monitoring fees of a rated debt obligation and/or entities that issue such obligations as well as fees from programs such as commercial paper, medium term notes, and ICRA corporate finance revenue.

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The increase in CFG revenue of 47% reflected growth both in the U.S. (71%) and internationally (9%) with the most notable drivers consisting of:

–strong growth in investment-grade rated issuance volumes as large corporate issuers opportunistically bolstered their liquidity positions in light of both uncertainties regarding the duration and severity of the COVID-19 crisis and current favorable market conditions;

–growth in speculative-grade bond issuance as credit spreads tightened following severe disruption in the high-yield markets late in the first quarter of 2020; and

–benefits from favorable changes in product mix and pricing increases;

partially offset by:

–a decline in rated issuance volumes in U.S. bank loans reflecting rising defaults on leveraged loans resulting in issuers utilizing the bond markets which provided more favorable borrowing rates.

SFG REVENUE

2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


SFG: Global revenue ⇓ $31 million			U.S. Revenue ⇓ $27 million			Non-U.S. Revenue ⇓ $4 million

Global SFG revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was comprised as follows:

The decrease in SFG revenue of 28% reflected declines both in the U.S. (38%) and internationally (10%) and primarily reflected:

–lower revenue from the CLO asset class in the U.S. and internationally, as rising leveraged loan downgrades and defaults resulted in reduced securitization activity. Additionally, an increasingly competitive landscape in this asset class has resulted in reduced activity; and

–declines in U.S. CMBS securitization activity as retail and hotel properties have been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 crisis.

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FIG REVENUE

2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


FIG: Global revenue ⇑ $17 million			U.S. Revenue ⇑ $18 million			Non-U.S. Revenue ⇓ $1 million

Global FIG revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was comprised as follows:

The 14% increase in FIG revenue was mainly due to U.S. insurance companies and banks seeking opportunistic funding.

PPIF REVENUE

2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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PPIF: Global revenue ⇑ $25 million			U.S. Revenue ⇑ $18 million			Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $7 million

Global PPIF revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was comprised as follows:

The 23% increase in PPIF revenue consisted mainly of growth in the U.S. reflecting:

–higher infrastructure finance rated issuance volumes as investment-grade issuers bolstered liquidity positions in light of the COVID-19 crisis; and

–higher rated issuance volumes in public finance reflecting favorable market conditions, including refinancing by way of taxable transactions.


						MIS: Operating and SG&A Expense ⇑$43 million

The increase is primarily due to growth in compensation and non-compensation expenses of $20 million and $23 million, respectively, with the most notable drivers reflecting:


Compensation costs	Non-compensation costs
— higher costs reflecting hiring activity and salary increases partially offset by savings from the 2018 Restructuring Program; and	— higher legal accruals;
		— higher costs to support the Company’s initiative to enhance technology infrastructure to enable automation, innovation and efficiency as well as to support business growth; partially offset by
— inorganic expense growth relating to the acquisitions of Vigeo Eiris and Four Twenty Seven.
		— lower travel costs and disciplined expense management in light of the COVID-19 crisis.


Other Expenses

The restructuring charge of $26 million in the second quarter of 2019 relates to actions pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Restructuring Program, which are more fully discussed in Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

MIS: Operating Margin 62.1% ⇑770BPS

Adjusted Operating Income 64.0% ⇑390BPS

MIS operating margin and Adjusted Operating Margin both increased reflecting strong revenue growth partially offset by expense growth. The second quarter 2019 operating margin was suppressed by the aforementioned restructuring charge.

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Three Months Ended March 31,
Financial measure: 2020 2019 % Change Insight and Key Drivers of Change Compared to Prior Year
Moody's total revenue $ 1,290 $ 1,142 13 % — reflects growth in both segments
MIS External Revenue $ 794 $ 670 19 % — higher investment-grade rated issuance volumes as corporate issuers bolstered liquidity positions in response to COVID-19 uncertainties coupled with strong leveraged-finance issuance early in the quarter before the COVID-19 crisis resulted in severe market disruption
MA External Revenue $ 496 $ 472 5 % — strong renewals and new sales of credit research and data feeds, as well as demand for Bureau van Dijk’s compliance solutions in the RD&A LOB; and
— strong demand for insurance compliance products along with credit assessment and loan origination solutions in ERS
Total operating and SG&A expenses $ 641 $ 623 (3) %
— higher estimates for bad debt reserves resulting from the COVID-19 crisis and inorganic expense growth from acquisitions; partially offset by
— lower incentive compensation accruals and disciplined expense management
Restructuring $ (1) $ 6 117 % — charges pursuant to the 2018 Restructuring Program
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS $ 9 $ — NM — amount relates to customary post-closing completion adjustments pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS
Operating Margin 45.9 % 40.5 % 540BPS — margin expansion reflects strong revenue growth partially offset by modest increases in operating expenses
Adjusted Operating Margin 50.3 % 45.4 % 490BPS
ETR 13.7 % 9.2 % 450BPS — primarily due to regulations issued in the first quarter of 2019 relating to the Tax Act
Diluted EPS $ 2.57 $ 1.93 33 % — growth reflects higher operating income/Adjusted Operating Income partially offset by a higher ETR
Adjusted Diluted EPS $ 2.73 $ 2.07 32 %
Moody’s Analytics

The table below provides a summary of revenue and operating results, followed by further insight and commentary:


	Three Months Ended June 30,								% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)
	2020			2019
Revenue:
Research, data and analytics (RD&A)	$	366		$	315		16	%
Enterprise risk solutions (ERS)	131			117			12	%
Professional services (PS)	—			43			(100	%)
Total external revenue	497			475			5	%
Intersegment revenue	2			3			(33	%)
Total MA revenue	499			478			4	%
Expenses:
Operating and SG&A (external)	321			310			(4	%)
Operating and SG&A (intersegment)	35			33			(6	%)
Restructuring	(2)			27			107	%
Depreciation and amortization	39			34			(15	%)
Acquisition-Related Expenses	—			2			100	%
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	—			9			100	%
Total expense	393			415			5	%
Operating income	$	106		$	63		68	%
Restructuring	(2)			27			(107	%)
Depreciation and amortization	39			34			(15	%)
Acquisition-Related Expenses	—			2			100	%
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	—			9			100	%
Adjusted Operating Income	$	143		$	135		6	%

Operating margin	21.2		%	13.2		%
Adjusted Operating Margin	28.7		%	28.2		%

MOODY'S ANALYTICS REVENUE

2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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MA: Global revenue ⇑ $22 million			U.S. Revenue ⇑ $19 million			Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $3 million

The 5% increase in global MA revenue reflects strong growth in RD&A and ERS, which includes revenue from the acquisitions of RDC, RiskFirst and ABS Suite. These increases were partially offset by a decline in revenue resulting from the divestiture of the MAKS business in the fourth quarter of 2019.

–Organic revenue growth⁽¹⁾ was 6%.

–Foreign currency translation unfavorably impacted MA revenue by two percent.

–The increase in U.S. revenue reflected growth in both RD&A and ERS.

–Non-U.S. revenue was flat compared to the same period in the prior year and was negatively impacted by the divestiture of the MAKS business in the fourth quarter of 2019.

–Foreign currency translation unfavorably impacted non-U.S. MA revenue by three percent.

–The increase in relationship revenue as a percentage of total revenue from 85% in the second quarter of 2019 to 92% in the same period of 2020 reflects the divestiture of the transaction revenue-based MAKS business in 2019.

⁽¹⁾ refer to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" of this MD&A for the definition and methodology that the Company utilizes to calculate this metric

RD&A REVENUE

2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


RD&A: Global revenue ⇑ $51 million			U.S. Revenue ⇑ $29 million			Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $22 million

Global RD&A revenue grew 16% compared to the second quarter of 2019 with the most notable drivers of the change reflecting:

–inorganic revenue growth from the acquisitions of RDC and ABS Suite;

–strong renewals and new sales of credit research and data feeds in the trailing twelve month period; and

–strong demand for solutions that address customer identity requirements, such as know-your-customer, anti-money laundering, anti-bribery and sanctions compliance over the trailing twelve month period.

Foreign currency translation unfavorably impacted RD&A revenue by two percent.

Organic revenue growth for RD&A was 7%.

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ERS REVENUE

2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


ERS: Global revenue ⇑ $14 million			U.S. Revenue ⇑ $8 million			Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $6 million

Global ERS revenue increased 12% compared to the second quarter of 2019 with the most notable drivers of the growth reflecting:

–continued strong demand for credit assessment and loan origination solutions;

–increased demand for actuarial modeling tools in support of certain international accounting standards relating to insurance contracts; and

–inorganic revenue growth from the acquisition of RiskFirst.

Foreign currency translation unfavorably impacted ERS revenue by two percent.

Organic revenue growth for ERS was 7%.


						MA: Operating and SG&A Expense ⇑$11 million

The increase in operating and SG&A expenses compared to the second quarter of 2019 reflected modest growth in both compensation and non-compensation costs of approximately $9 million and $2 million, respectively. The most notable drivers of this growth were:


Compensation costs						Non-compensation costs
— higher costs reflecting hiring activity, salary increases, higher incentive compensation accruals and inorganic expense growth from acquisitions; partially offset by,						— higher costs to support the Company’s initiative to enhance technology infrastructure to enable automation, innovation and efficiency as well as to support business growth; partially offset by,
— lower expenses resulting from the divestiture of MAKS in the fourth quarter of 2019 and benefits from the 2018 Restructuring Program						— lower travel costs and disciplined expense management in light of the COVID-19 crisis

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Other Expenses

The restructuring charge of $27 million in the second quarter of 2019 relates to actions pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Restructuring Plan, which are more fully discussed in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements.

The $9 million loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS in the second quarter of 2019 relates to the Company's strategic divestiture of this business.

MA: Operating Margin 21.2% ⇑800BPS

Adjusted Operating Margin 28.7% ⇑50BPS

The operating margin and Adjusted Operating Margin expansion for MA both reflect revenue growth outpacing expense growth. Operating margin in 2019 was suppressed by the aforementioned restructuring charge and the loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS.

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Six months ended June 30, 2020 compared with six months ended June 30, 2019

Executive Summary

–The following table provides an executive summary of key operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2020. Following this executive summary is a more detailed discussion of the Company’s operating results as well as a discussion of the operating results of the Company’s reportable segments.


	Six Months Ended June 30,
Financial measure:	2020			2019			% Change		Insight and Key Drivers of Change Compared to Prior Year
Moody's total revenue	$	2,725		$	2,356		16	%	— reflects strong growth in both segments
MIS External Revenue	$	1,732		$	1,409		23	%	— higher investment-grade rated issuance volumes as corporate issuers bolstered liquidity positions in response to COVID-19 uncertainties coupled with strong speculative-grade issuance despite a severe market disruption late in the first quarter
MA External Revenue	$	993		$	947		5	%	— strong renewals and new sales of credit research and data feeds, as well as demand for know-your-customer (KYC) and compliance solutions;
										— strong demand for insurance compliance products along with credit assessment and loan origination solutions in ERS; and — inorganic growth from acquisitions
Total operating and SG&A expenses	$	1,310		$	1,238		(6	%)	— costs to enhance technology infrastructure to enable automation, innovation and efficiency as well as to support business growth;
										— higher estimates for bad debt reserves resulting from the COVID-19 crisis; partially offset by
										— lower travel costs and disciplined expense management in light of the COVID-19 crisis coupled with benefits from the 2018 Restructuring Program
Restructuring	$	(3)		$	59		105	%	— charges/adjustments pursuant to the 2018 Restructuring Program
Operating Margin	47.8		%	40.1		%	770 BPS		— margin expansion reflects strong revenue growth partially offset by increases in operating expenses
Adjusted Operating Margin	51.9		%	47.5		%	440 BPS
ETR	19.0		%	18.8		%	20BPS		— generally in line with prior year
Diluted EPS	$	5.27		$	3.56		48	%	— growth reflects higher operating income/Adjusted Operating Income
Adjusted Diluted EPS	$	5.55		$	4.14		34	%

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Moody’s Corporation


		Three Months Ended March 31,										% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)			Six Months Ended June 30,							% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)
		2020			2019					% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)				2020				2019			% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)
Revenue:	Revenue:
United States	United States	$	714		$	612		17	%	United States	$	1,551			$	1,250			24	%
Non-U.S.:	Non-U.S.:									Non-U.S.:
EMEA	EMEA	363			333			9	%	EMEA	736				695				6	%
Asia-Pacific	Asia-Pacific	136			132			3	%	Asia-Pacific	280				273				3	%
Americas	Americas	77			65			18	%	Americas	158				138				14	%
Total Non-U.S.	Total Non-U.S.	576			530			9	%	Total Non-U.S.	1,174				1,106				6	%
Total	Total	1,290			1,142			13	%	Total	2,725				2,356				16	%
Expenses:	Expenses:									Expenses:
Operating	Operating	340			342			1	%	Operating	702				682				(3	%)
SG&A	SG&A	301			281			(7	%)	SG&A	608				556				(9	%)
Restructuring	Restructuring	(1)			6			117	%	Restructuring	(3)				59				105	%
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	49			50			2	%	Depreciation and amortization	107				102				(5	%)
Acquisition-Related Expenses	Acquisition-Related Expenses	—			1			100	%	Acquisition-Related Expenses	—				3				100	%
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	9			—			NM		Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	9				9				—	%
Total	Total	698			680			(3	%)	Total	1,423				1,411				(1	%)
Operating income	Operating income	592			462			28	%	Operating income	1,302				945				38	%
Adjusted Operating Income ⁽¹⁾	Adjusted Operating Income ⁽¹⁾	649			519			25	%	Adjusted Operating Income ⁽¹⁾	1,415				1,118				27	%
Interest expense, net	Interest expense, net	(40)			(52)			23	%	Interest expense, net	(100)				(103)				3	%
Other non-operating income, net	Other non-operating income, net	12			2			500	%	Other non-operating income, net	28				2				NM
Non-operating (expense) income, net	Non-operating (expense) income, net	(28)			(50)			44	%	Non-operating (expense) income, net	(72)				(101)				29	%

Net income attributable to Moody’s	Net income attributable to Moody’s	$	488		$	373		31	%	Net income attributable to Moody’s	$	997			$	683			46	%
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	189.6			192.8			2	%	Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	189.3				192.1				1	%
Diluted EPS attributable to Moody’s common shareholders	Diluted EPS attributable to Moody’s common shareholders	$	2.57		$	1.93		33	%	Diluted EPS attributable to Moody’s common shareholders	$	5.27			$	3.56			48	%
Adjusted Diluted EPS ⁽¹⁾	Adjusted Diluted EPS ⁽¹⁾	$	2.73		$	2.07		32	%	Adjusted Diluted EPS ⁽¹⁾	$	5.55			$	4.14			34	%
Operating margin	Operating margin	45.9		%	40.5		%			Operating margin	47.8		%		40.1		%
Adjusted Operating Margin ⁽¹⁾	Adjusted Operating Margin ⁽¹⁾	50.3		%	45.4		%			Adjusted Operating Margin ⁽¹⁾	51.9		%		47.5		%
Effective tax rate	Effective tax rate	13.7		%	9.2		%			Effective tax rate	19.0		%		18.8		%

⁽¹⁾Adjusted Operating Income, Adjusted Operating Margin and Adjusted Diluted EPS attributable to Moody’s common shareholders are non-GAAP financial measures. Refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this Management Discussion and Analysis for further information regarding these measures.

~~The table below shows Moody’s global staffing by geographic area:~~

March 31, % Change
2020 2019
United States 4,065 3,984 2 %
Non-U.S. 7,298 9,253 (21 %)
Total 11,363
⁽¹⁾
13,237 (14 %)

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GLOBAL REVENUE

2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Global revenue ⇑ $~~148~~369 million

U.S. Revenue ⇑ ~~$102~~$301 million

Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ ~~$46~~$68 million

–The increase in U.S. revenue reflects strong growth in MIS (most notably in CFG) coupled with good growth in ~~MA (most notably in RD&A).~~MA.

–The increase in non-U.S. revenue reflects strong growth in both ~~segments across all regions.~~segments.

–Foreign currency translation unfavorably impacted non-U.S. revenue by two percent.

Operating Expense ⇓⇑ $220 million

SG&A Expense ⇑ $2052 million

-------------------------------------

Compensation expenses ~~decreased $18 million reflecting:~~increased modestly and reflected:

Compensation expenses ~~decreased $3~~increased $7 million reflecting:

— ~~lower incentive compensation accruals relating to lower projected achievement against full year targeted results compared to~~hiring activity and salary increases mostly offset by benefits from the ~~prior year.~~2018 Restructuring Program.

— ~~lower incentive compensation accruals relating to lower projected achievement against full year targeted results compared to~~hiring activity and salary increases partially offset by benefits from the ~~prior year.~~2018 Restructuring Program.

Non-compensation expenses increased ~~$16~~$18 million reflecting:

Non-compensation expenses increased ~~$23~~$45 million reflecting:

— higher costs to support the Company’s initiative to enhance technology infrastructure to enable automation, innovation and ~~efficiency;~~efficiency as well as to support business growth; partially offset by:

— higher legal accruals;

— higher estimates for bad debt reserves of approximately $20 million primarily resulting from the anticipated impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the Company's customers; and

— lower travel costs and disciplined expense management in light of the COVID-19 crisis.

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Other Expenses

The $9restructuring charge of $59 million ~~loss~~in the first six months of 2019 relates to actions pursuant to the ~~divestiture of MAKS relates to customary post-closing completion adjustments pursuant~~Company’s 2018 Restructuring Program, which are more fully discussed in Note 12 to the ~~sale of the business in the fourth quarter of 2019.~~condensed consolidated financial statements.

Operating margin ~~45.9%~~47.8%, up ~~540~~770 BPS

Adjusted Operating Margin ~~50.3%~~51.9%, up ~~490~~440 BPS

Operating margin and Adjusted Operating Margin expansion reflects strong revenue growth partially offset by ~~modest~~ growth in ~~total operating~~ expenses. Operating margin in the first six months of 2019 was suppressed by the aforementioned restructuring charge.

Interest Expense, net ⇓$123 million

Other non-operating income ⇑$1026 million

Decrease is primarily due to:

The increase is primarily due to:

— a $8$16 million higher combined benefit from the interest element of cross-currency swaps and fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps (more fully discussed in Note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements).; partially offset by

— FX gains of ~~approximately $13~~$5 million in the first six months of 2020 compared to $6$16 million in FX losses in the same period of the prior year.

— an $8 million prepayment penalty in the first six months of 2020 on the early redemption of the 2018 Senior Notes.


						ETR ⇑⇑ ~~450BPS~~20 BPS

The ~~increase~~ETR is ~~primarily due to regulations issued~~generally in line with the ~~first quarter of 2019 relating to the Tax Act.~~prior year.

Diluted EPS ⇑$~~0.64~~1.71

Adjusted Diluted EPS ⇑ $~~0.66~~1.41


Diluted EPS in the first six months of 2020 of ~~$2.57~~$5.27 increased ~~$0.64~~$1.71 compared to the ~~first quarter of~~same period in 2019, ~~and~~which included the aforementioned ~~loss pursuant~~restructuring charge. The growth in EPS is mainly due to the ~~divestiture of MAKS.~~aforementioned growth in operating income.						Adjusted Diluted EPS of ~~$2.73~~$5.55 in 2020 increased ~~$0.66~~$1.41 compared to the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2019 (refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this MD&A for items excluded in the derivation of Adjusted Diluted EPS). The growth in Adjusted Diluted EPS is primarily due to the aforementioned growth in Adjusted Operating Income.

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Segment Results

Moody’s Investors Service

The table below provides a summary of revenue and operating results, followed by further insight and commentary:


		Three Months Ended March 31,										% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)			Six Months Ended June 30,							% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)
		2020			2019					% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)				2020				2019			% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)
Revenue:	Revenue:
Corporate finance (CFG)	Corporate finance (CFG)	$	453		$	355		28	%	Corporate finance (CFG)	$	1,025			$	743			38	%
Structured finance (SFG)	Structured finance (SFG)	96			101			(5	%)	Structured finance (SFG)	177				213				(17	%)
Financial institutions (FIG)	Financial institutions (FIG)	125			116			8	%	Financial institutions (FIG)	267				241				11	%
Public, project and infrastructure finance (PPIF)	Public, project and infrastructure finance (PPIF)	109			93			17	%	Public, project and infrastructure finance (PPIF)	242				201				20	%
Total ratings revenue	Total ratings revenue	783			665			18	%	Total ratings revenue	1,711				1,398				22	%
MIS Other	MIS Other	11			5			120	%	MIS Other	21				11				91	%
Total external revenue	Total external revenue	794			670			19	%	Total external revenue	1,732				1,409				23	%
Intersegment royalty	Intersegment royalty	37			32			16	%	Intersegment royalty	72				65				11	%
Total	Total	831			702			18	%	Total	1,804				1,474				22	%
Expenses:	Expenses:									Expenses:
Operating and SG&A (external)	Operating and SG&A (external)	326			314			(4	%)	Operating and SG&A (external)	674				619				(9	%)
Operating and SG&A (intersegment)	Operating and SG&A (intersegment)	2			2			—	%	Operating and SG&A (intersegment)	4				5				20	%
Restructuring	Restructuring	(1)			3			133	%	Restructuring	(1)				29				103	%
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	16			17			6	%	Depreciation and amortization	35				35				—	%
Total expense	Total expense	343			336			(2	%)	Total expense	712				688				(3	%)
Operating income	Operating income	$	488		$	366		33	%	Operating income	$	1,092			$	786			39	%
Restructuring	Restructuring	(1)			3			133	%	Restructuring	(1)				29				103	%
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	16			17			6	%	Depreciation and amortization	35				35				—	%
Adjusted Operating Income	Adjusted Operating Income	$	503		$	386		30	%	Adjusted Operating Income	$	1,126			$	850			32	%
Operating margin	Operating margin	58.7		%	52.1		%			Operating margin	60.5		%		53.3		%
Adjusted Operating Margin	Adjusted Operating Margin	60.5		%	55.0		%			Adjusted Operating Margin	62.4		%		57.7		%

MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE REVENUE

2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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MIS: Global revenue ⇑ $~~124~~323 million			U.S. Revenue ⇑ $92272 million			Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $3251 million

–The increase in ~~Global~~global MIS revenue reflected growth across all LOBs excluding SFG.

–The growth in U.S. revenue reflected increases in all ratings LOBs excluding SFG.

–The increase in non-U.S. revenue primarily reflected growth in ~~CFG.~~CFG and PPIF being partially offset by declines in SFG and FIG.

–Foreign currency translation unfavorably impacted non-U.S. MIS revenue by two percentage points.

CFG REVENUE

2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


CFG: Global revenue ⇑ $98282 million			U.S. Revenue ⇑ $71242 million			Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $2740 million

Global CFG revenue for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and 2019 was comprised as follows:

⁽¹⁾Other includes: recurring monitoring fees of a rated debt obligation and/or entities that issue such obligations as well as fees from programs such as commercial paper, medium term notes, and ICRA corporate finance revenue.

The increase in CFG revenue of ~~28%~~38% reflected growth both in the U.S. ~~(29%~~(50%) and internationally ~~(24%~~(16%) with the most notable drivers consisting of:

–strong growth in investment-grade rated issuance volumes as large corporate issuers bolstered their liquidity positions in light of uncertainties regarding the duration and severity of the COVID-19 crisis;

–strong growth in ~~leveraged finance~~speculative-grade rated issuance volumes despite severe market disruption in ~~January and February reflecting issuers taking advantage of favorable market conditions early~~this sector in ~~the quarter before uncertainties regarding~~March relating to the COVID-19 ~~crisis resulted in a significant increase in~~crisis. In the second quarter of 2020, high-yield market sentiment improved and credit spreads ~~and severe market disruption;~~tightened resulting in strong growth in rated issuance volumes compared to the first six months of 2019; and

–benefits from favorable changes in product mix and pricing ~~increases.~~increases;

partially offset by:

–a decline in U.S. bank loan revenue primarily reflecting rising defaults on leveraged loans which resulted in issuers utilizing the bond markets which provided more favorable borrowing rates.

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SFG REVENUE

2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


SFG: Global revenue ⇓ $536 million			U.S. Revenue ⇓ $128 million			Non-U.S. Revenue ⇓ $48 million

Global SFG revenue for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and 2019 was comprised as follows:

The decrease in SFG revenue of 5%17% reflected declines both in the U.S. ~~(2%~~(21%) and internationally (10%)., mainly due to:

~~The decline primarily reflected~~ –reduced activity in the CLO asset class in the U.S. and EMEA resulting from challenges in the leveraged loan market (refer to CFG discussion above) and widening credit spreads ~~late in the quarter~~ in response to uncertainties relating to the COVID-19 crisis ~~and~~as well as an increasingly competitive ~~landscape.~~landscape; and

–declines in U.S. CMBS securitization activity as retail and hotel properties have been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 crisis.

FIG REVENUE

2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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FIG: Global revenue ⇑ $926 million			U.S. Revenue ⇑ $1432 million			Non-U.S. Revenue ⇓ $56 million

Global FIG revenue for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and 2019 was comprised as follows:

The 8%11% increase in FIG revenue was mainly due to:

–~~benefits from favorable changes in product mix and pricing increases;~~

–growth in U.S. banking and insurance rated issuance volumes as large financial institutions and insurers fortified their balance sheets in light of uncertainties relating to the COVID-19 crisis and anticipated volatility around the U.S. presidential election later in the year; and

–benefits from favorable changes in product mix and pricing increases;

partially offset by:

–lower rated issuance volumes in the banking sector in EMEA reflecting financial institutions in the region being currently well funded after raising capital in the prior year to meet certain regulatory capitalization requirements.

PPIF REVENUE

2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


PPIF: Global revenue ⇑ $1641 million			U.S. Revenue ⇑ $826 million			Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $815 million

Global PPIF revenue for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and 2019 was comprised as follows:

Table of Contents

The ~~17%~~20% increase in PPIF revenue resulted primarily from:

–higher U.S. public finance refunding volumes resulting from continued low benchmark interest ~~rates;~~rates, including refinancing by way of taxable transactions;

–higher infrastructure finance revenue resulting from investment-grade issuers bolstering their balance sheets in light of uncertainties regarding the duration and severity of the COVID-19 crisis; and

–~~higher sovereign~~benefits from favorable changes in product mix and ~~infrastructure finance revenue in EMEA.~~pricing increases.

~~Table of Contents~~


						MIS: Operating and SG&A Expense ⇑$1255 million

The growth reflects a ~~$21~~$43 million and $12 million increase in non-compensation and compensation expenses, ~~partially offset by a $9 million decrease in compensation expenses.~~respectively. The most notable drivers of these ~~changes~~increases is as follows:


Non-compensation costs						Compensation costs
The increase is primarily due to:						The ~~decrease~~increase is primarily due to:
— higher legal accruals;						— annual salary increases and hiring; partially offset by;
— higher estimates for bad debt reserves of ~~$13~~$14 million primarily resulting from the anticipated impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the Company's customers; ~~and~~partially offset by:						— lower incentive compensation accruals reflecting lower projected achievement against full-year 2020 targeted results compared to the prior year.
— ~~inorganic~~lower travel costs and disciplined expense ~~growth from~~management in light of the ~~acquisitions of Vigeo Eiris and Four Twenty Seven.~~COVID-19 crisis

MIS: Operating Margin of ~~58.7%~~60.5% ⇑ ~~660BPS~~720BPS

Adjusted Operating Income of ~~60.5%~~62.4% ⇑ ~~550BPS~~470BPS

MIS operating margin and Adjusted Operating Margin both increased reflecting strong revenue growth ~~partially offset by modest~~outpacing expense growth.

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Moody’s Analytics

The table below provides a summary of revenue and operating results, followed by further insight and commentary:


		Three Months Ended March 31,										% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)			Six Months Ended June 30,							% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)
		2020			2019					% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)				2020				2019			% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)
Revenue:	Revenue:
Research, data and analytics (RD&A) ⁽¹⁾	Research, data and analytics (RD&A) ⁽¹⁾	$	358		$	308		16	%	Research, data and analytics (RD&A) ⁽¹⁾	$	724			$	623			16	%
Enterprise risk solutions (ERS)	Enterprise risk solutions (ERS)	138			122			13	%	Enterprise risk solutions (ERS)	269				239				13	%
Professional services (PS) ⁽¹⁾	Professional services (PS) ⁽¹⁾	—			42			(100	%)	Professional services (PS) ⁽¹⁾	—				85				(100	%)
Total external revenue	Total external revenue	496			472			5	%	Total external revenue	993				947				5	%
Intersegment revenue	Intersegment revenue	2			2			—	%	Intersegment revenue	4				5				(20	%)
Total MA Revenue	Total MA Revenue	498			474			5	%	Total MA Revenue	997				952				5	%
Expenses:	Expenses:									Expenses:
Operating and SG&A (external)	Operating and SG&A (external)	315			309			(2	%)	Operating and SG&A (external)	636				619				(3	%)
Operating and SG&A (intersegment)	Operating and SG&A (intersegment)	37			32			(16	%)	Operating and SG&A (intersegment)	72				65				(11	%)
Restructuring	Restructuring	—			3			100	%	Restructuring	(2)				30				107	%
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	33			33			—	%	Depreciation and amortization	72				67				(7	%)
Acquisition-Related Expenses	Acquisition-Related Expenses	—			1			100	%	Acquisition-Related Expenses	—				3				100	%
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	9			—			NM		Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	9				9				—	%
Total expense	Total expense	394			378			(4	%)	Total expense	787				793				1	%
Operating income	Operating income	$	104		$	96		8	%	Operating income	$	210			$	159			32	%
Restructuring	Restructuring	—			3			100	%	Restructuring	(2)				30				107	%
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	33			33			—	%	Depreciation and amortization	72				67				(7	%)
Acquisition-Related Expenses	Acquisition-Related Expenses	—			1			100	%	Acquisition-Related Expenses	—				3				100	%
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	9			—			NM		Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	9				9				—

Adjusted Operating Income	Adjusted Operating Income	$	146		$	133		10	%	Adjusted Operating Income	$	289			$	268			8	%
Operating margin	Operating margin	20.9		%	20.3		%			Operating margin	21.1		%		16.7		%
Adjusted Operating Margin	Adjusted Operating Margin	29.3		%	28.1		%			Adjusted Operating Margin	29.0		%		28.2		%

⁽¹⁾ Subsequent to the divestiture of MAKS in 2019, revenue from the Moody's Analytics Learning Solutions ("MALS") unit, which previous to 2020 was reported in the Professional Services line of business ("LOB"), ~~will~~is now be reported as part of the RD&A LOB. Prior periods have not been reclassified as the amounts were not material.

MOODY'S ANALYTICS REVENUE

2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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MA: Global revenue ⇑ $2446 million			U.S. Revenue ⇑ $1029 million			Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $1417 million

The 5% increase in global MA revenue reflects strong growth in RD&A and ERS partially offset by a decline in revenue resulting from the divestiture of the MAKS business in the fourth quarter of 2019.

–Organic revenue growth was ~~9% (refer to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" of this MD&A for the definition and methodology that the Company utilizes to calculate this metric)~~8%.

–The increase in U.S. revenue ~~primarily~~ reflected growth in both RD~~&A.~~&A and ERS.

–The increase in non-U.S. revenue reflected growth in RD&A and ERS, ~~across all regions,~~ partially offset by a decline in revenue resulting from the divestiture of MAKS in the fourth quarter of 2019.

–Foreign currency translation unfavorably impacted non-U.S. MA revenue by two percent.

–The increase in relationship revenue as a percentage of total revenue from 85% in the first six months of 2019 to 91% in the same period of 2020 reflects the divestiture of the transaction revenue-based MAKS business in 2019.

RD&A REVENUE

2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


RD&A: Global revenue ⇑ $50101 million			U.S. Revenue ⇑ $2352 million			Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $2749 million

Global RD&A revenue grew 16% compared to the first ~~quarter~~half of 2019 with the most notable drivers of the increase reflecting:

–strong renewals and new sales of credit research and data feeds;

– inorganic revenue growth from the acquisitions of RDC and ABS Suite; and

–strong demand for ~~Bureau van Dijk~~ solutions that address customer identity requirements, such as know-your-customer, anti-money laundering, anti-bribery and sanctions ~~compliance; and~~

–~~inorganic revenue growth from the acquisitions of RDC and ABS Suite.~~compliance.

Organic revenue growth for RD&A was 9%8%.

ERS REVENUE

2020----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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ERS: Global revenue ⇑ $1630 million			U.S. Revenue ⇑ $513 million			Non-U.S. Revenue ⇑ $1117 million

Global ERS revenue increased 13% compared to the first ~~quarter~~half of 2019 with the most notable drivers of the growth reflecting:

–continued strong demand for credit assessment and loan origination solutions;

–increased demand for actuarial modeling tools in support of certain international accounting standards relating to insurance contracts; and

–inorganic revenue growth from the acquisition of ~~RiskFirst, which added five percentage points of growth.~~RiskFirst.

Organic revenue growth for ERS was ~~10%~~8%.


						MA: Operating and SG&A Expense ⇑ $617 million

The increase in operating and SG&A expenses compared to the first ~~quarter~~half of 2019 ~~reflected~~is primarily due to growth in non-compensation costs reflecting:

– higher costs of ~~$18~~approximately $30 million to support the Company’s initiative to enhance technology infrastructure to enable automation, innovation and efficiency as well as to support business growth;

–higher estimates for bad debt reserves of $9 million which included the anticipated impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the Company's customers;

partially offset ~~by declines in compensation~~by:

–lower travel costs of ~~$12 million. The most notable drivers were:~~$15 million in light of the COVID-19 crisis; and


~~Non-compensation costs~~–continued disciplined expense management.						~~Compensation costs~~
~~The increase is primarily due to:~~						~~The decrease is primarily due to:~~
~~— higher estimates for bad debt reserves of $7 million which included the anticipated impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the Company's customers; and~~						~~— lower incentive compensation accruals reflecting lower projected achievement against full-year 2020 targeted results compared to the prior year; and~~
~~— inorganic expense growth from acquisitions partially offset by lower expenses resulting from the divestiture of MAKS in the fourth quarter of 2019.~~						~~— lower expenses resulting from the divestiture of MAKS in the fourth quarter of 2019 partially offset by inorganic expense growth from acquisitions.~~


Other Expenses

The restructuring charge of $30 million in the first half of 2019 relates to actions pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Restructuring Plan, which are more fully discussed in Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

The $9 million loss in both the first half of 2020 and 2019 is pursuant to the divestiture of ~~MAKS relates to customary post-closing completion adjustments pursuant to the sale of the business in the fourth quarter of 2019.~~MAKS.

MA: Operating Margin ~~20.9%~~21.1% ⇑~~60BPS~~ 440BPS

Adjusted Operating Margin ~~29.3%~~29.0% ⇑~~120BPS~~ 80BPS

The operating margin and Adjusted Operating Margin expansion for MA both reflect ~~strong~~ RD&A and ERS revenue growth partially offset by modest expense growth. ~~Operating margin expansion was suppressed by the aforementioned loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS.~~ Both the operating margin and Adjusted Operating Margin were suppressed by higher bad debt reserves in the first ~~quarter~~half of 2020. Operating margin in the first half of 2019 was suppressed by the aforementioned restructuring charge.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flow

The Company is currently financing its operations, capital expenditures, acquisitions and share repurchases from operating and financing cash flows.

The following is a summary of the changes in the Company’s cash flows followed by a brief discussion of these changes:


		Three Months Ended March 31,								$ Change Favorable (Unfavorable)		Six Months Ended June 30,						$ Change Favorable (Unfavorable)
		2020		2019				$ Change Favorable (Unfavorable)			2020			2019			$ Change Favorable (Unfavorable)
Net cash provided by operating activities	Net cash provided by operating activities	$	345	$	367	$	(22)			977		$	755		$	222
Net cash used in investing activities	Net cash used in investing activities	$	(772)	$	(7)	$	(765)	Net cash used in investing activities	$	(823)		$	(53)		$	(770)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	$	765	$	(849)	$	1,614	Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	$	123		$	(1,186)		$	1,309
Free Cash Flow ⁽¹⁾	Free Cash Flow ⁽¹⁾	$	324	$	347	$	(23)	Free Cash Flow ⁽¹⁾	$	915		$	716		$	199

⁽¹⁾ Free Cash Flow is a non-GAAP measure and is defined by the Company as net cash provided by operating activities minus cash paid for capital expenditures. Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this MD&A for further information on this financial measure.

Net cash provided by operating activities

Net cash flows from operating activities in the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 ~~decreased $22~~increased $222 million compared to same period in 2019 primarily due to:

–the increase in Adjusted Operating Income compared to the same period in the prior year (see section entitled “Results of Operations” for further discussion); and

–the extension of payment terms for approximately $115 million in estimated federal tax payments as a result of relief provided by the IRS in response to the COVID-19 crisis;

partially offset by:

–a $99 million contribution to the Company's funded pension plan in the first quarter of 2020; and

–approximately $70 million in higher incentive compensation payments ~~in the first quarter 2020~~ (based on full-year 2019 financial results) compared to the prior ~~year;~~

~~partially offset by:~~

–~~the increase in Adjusted Operating Income compared to the same period in the prior year (see section entitled “Results of Operations” for further discussion).~~year.

Net cash used in investing activities

The ~~$765~~$770 million increase in cash used in investing activities in the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 primarily reflects:

–the acquisition of RDC in the first quarter of 2020 for approximately $700 million; and

–~~approximately $70~~ $86 million in higher net purchases of investments in the first ~~quarter~~half of 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year.

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

The ~~$1,614~~$1,309 million increase in cash flows provided by financing activities in the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year was primarily attributed to:

–the net issuance of $700 million in long-term debt induring the first ~~quarter~~half of 2020 ~~(2020 Senior Notes)~~ compared to repayment of long-term debt of $450 million ~~(2014 Senior Notes)~~ in the same period of ~~the prior year;~~

– ~~higher net issuance of commercial paper of $167 million compared to~~ the prior year; and

–lower cash paid for treasury share repurchases of ~~$320~~$362 million compared to the first ~~quarter~~half of 2019 (prior year amount included a $125 million payment for shares made under an ASR agreement that were retained by a financial institution counterparty until final settlement of the contract in April 2019).2019.

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Cash and short-term investments held in non-U.S. jurisdictions

The Company’s aggregate cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of $2.2 billion at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 consisted of approximately $1 billion located outside of the U.S. Approximately ~~20%~~15% of the Company’s aggregate cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments is denominated in euros and British pounds. The Company manages both its U.S. and non-U.S cash flow to maintain sufficient liquidity in all regions to effectively meet its operating needs.

As a result of the Tax Act, all previously net undistributed foreign earnings have now been subject to U.S. tax. The Company continues to evaluate which entities it will indefinitely reinvest earnings outside the U.S. The Company has provided deferred taxes for those entities whose earnings are not considered indefinitely reinvested. Accordingly, the Company has commenced repatriating a portion of its non-U.S. cash in these subsidiaries and will continue to repatriate certain of its offshore cash in a manner that addresses compliance with local statutory requirements, sufficient offshore working capital and any other factors that may be relevant in certain jurisdictions. Notwithstanding the Tax Act, which generally eliminated federal income tax on future cash repatriation to the U.S., cash repatriation may be subject to state and local taxes or withholding or similar taxes.

Other Material Future Cash Requirements

The Company believes that it has the financial resources needed to meet its cash requirements and expects to have positive operating cash flow for the next twelve months. Cash requirements for periods beyond the next twelve months will depend, among other things, on the Company’s profitability and its ability to manage working capital requirements. The Company may also borrow from various sources.

The Company remains committed to using its strong cash flow to create value for shareholders by investing in growing areas of the business, reinvesting in ratings quality initiatives, making selective acquisitions, repurchasing stock and paying dividends, all in a manner consistent with maintaining sufficient liquidity after giving effect to any additional indebtedness that may be incurred.

Dividends and share repurchases

On ~~April 20,~~July 28, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a quarterly dividend of $0.56 per share of Moody’s common stock, payable ~~June~~September 10, 2020 to shareholders of record at the close of business on ~~May~~August 20, 2020. The continued payment of dividends at this rate, or at all, is subject to the discretion of the Board.

In October 2018, the Board authorized a $1.0 billion share repurchase program, which at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 had a remaining authority of approximately $81 million. Additionally, in December 2019, the Board authorized an additional $1.0 billion share repurchase program, which may commence following the completion of the existing program.

Late in the first quarter of 2020, the Company suspended its share repurchase activity to preserve liquidity in light of uncertainties regarding the severity and duration of the COVID-19 crisis. The consideration of the resumption of share repurchase activity in the future will be dependent on close monitoring of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on both the Company's business and the broader economic environment. Moody's will also closely review market indicators and volatility, along with the prospects for, and certainty surrounding, the Company's free cash flow generation.

Other cash requirements

The Company has future cash requirements, including operating leases and debt service and payments as noted in the tables that follow as well as future payments related to the transition tax under the Tax Act.

Indebtedness

During the first ~~quarter~~half of 2020, in response to uncertainties relating to the severity and duration of the COVID-19 crisis, the Company issued $700 million in 5-year unsecured senior notes and $300 million in 30-year unsecured senior notes via a public ~~offering~~offerings to bolster liquidity. The terms of ~~this~~these transactions are more fully discussed in Note 1617 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. ~~The Company also borrowed under its CP Program in the first quarter of 2020 and at March 31, 2020 had $485 million of CP outstanding.~~

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, Moody’s had ~~$6.8~~$6.3 billion of outstanding ~~debt~~debt. and approximately ~~$500 million~~$1 billion of additional capacity available under the Company’s CP program, which is backstopped by the 2018 Facility. At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all covenants contained within all of the debt agreements. All of the Company’s long-term debt agreements contain cross default provisions which state that default under one of the aforementioned debt instruments could in turn permit lenders under other debt instruments to declare borrowings outstanding under those instruments to be immediately due and payable. At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, there were no such cross defaults.

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The repayment schedule for the Company’s borrowings outstanding at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 is as follows:

For additional information on the Company's outstanding debt, refer to Note 1617 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Management may consider pursuing additional long-term financing when it is appropriate in light of cash requirements for operations, share repurchases and other strategic opportunities, which would result in higher financing costs.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, Moody’s did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as special purpose or variable interest entities where Moody’s is the primary beneficiary, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. As such, Moody’s is not exposed to any financing, liquidity market or credit risk that could arise if it had engaged in such relationships.

Contractual Obligations

The following table presents payments due under the Company’s contractual obligations as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020:

Payments Due by Period


		Payments Due by Period																			Payments Due by Period
(in millions)	(in millions)	Total		Less Than 1 Year		1 - 3 Years		3 - 5 Years		Over 5 Years		(in millions)	Total		Less Than 1 Year		1 - 3 Years		3 - 5 Years		Over 5 Years
Indebtedness ⁽¹⁾	Indebtedness ⁽¹⁾	$	8,845	$	687	$	2,171	$	1,480	$	4,507	Indebtedness ⁽¹⁾	$	8,968	$	204	$	2,181	$	1,499	$	5,084
Operating lease obligations	Operating lease obligations	621		107		188		160		166		Operating lease obligations	607		107		190		161		149
Purchase obligations	Purchase obligations	135		92		34		7		2		Purchase obligations	128		80		32		16		0
Pension obligations ⁽²⁾	Pension obligations ⁽²⁾	148		5		45		27		71		Pension obligations ⁽²⁾	147		3		45		27		72
Total ⁽³⁾	Total ⁽³⁾	$	9,749	$	891	$	2,438	$	1,674	$	4,746	Total ⁽³⁾	$	9,850	$	394	$	2,448	$	1,703	$	5,305

⁽¹⁾Reflects principal payments, related interest and applicable fees due on all indebtedness outstanding as described in Note 1617 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

⁽²⁾Reflects projected benefit payments relating to the Company’s U.S. unfunded DBPPs and Retirement and Other Plans described in Note 1516 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

⁽³⁾The table above does not include the Company's long-term tax liabilities of ~~$448~~$455 million relating to UTPs, since the expected cash outflow of such amounts by period cannot be reasonably estimated. Additionally, the table above does not include approximately ~~$41~~$32 million relating to indemnification liability resulting from the divestiture of MAKS and approximately $51 million relating to the remaining unpaid deemed repatriation liability resulting from the Tax Act enacted into law in the U.S. in December 2017.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures:

In addition to its reported results, Moody’s has included in this MD&A certain adjusted results that the SEC defines as “non-GAAP financial measures.” Management believes that such adjusted financial measures, when read in conjunction with the Company’s reported results, can provide useful supplemental information for investors analyzing period-to-period comparisons of the Company’s performance, facilitate comparisons to competitors’ operating results and can provide greater transparency to investors of supplemental information used by management in its financial and operational decision-making. These adjusted measures, as defined by the Company, are not necessarily comparable to similarly defined measures of other companies. Furthermore, these adjusted measures should not be viewed in isolation or used as a substitute for other GAAP measures in assessing the operating performance or cash flows of the Company. Below are brief descriptions of the Company’s adjusted financial measures accompanied by a reconciliation of the adjusted measure to its most directly comparable GAAP measure:

Adjusted Operating Income and Adjusted Operating Margin:

The Company presents Adjusted Operating Income and Adjusted Operating Margin because management deems these metrics to be useful measures to provide additional perspective on the operating performance of Moody’s. Adjusted Operating Income excludes the impact of: i) ~~restructuring charges;~~restructuring; ii) depreciation and amortization; iii) aAcquisition-Related Expenses; and iv) loss pursuant to the divestiture of ~~MAKS; and iv) Acquisition-Related Expenses.~~MAKS. Restructuring charges are excluded as the frequency and magnitude of these charges may vary widely across periods and companies. Depreciation and amortization are excluded because companies utilize productive assets of different ages and use different methods of acquiring and depreciating productive assets. ~~The loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS is excluded as the frequency and magnitude of divestiture activity may vary widely from period to period and across companies.~~ Acquisition-Related Expenses consist of expenses incurred to complete and integrate the acquisition of Bureau van Dijk. These expenses were excluded in the prior years due to the material nature of the cumulative costs incurred over the multi-year integration effort. Acquisition-related expenses from other acquisitions were not material. The loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS is excluded as the frequency and magnitude of divestiture activity may vary widely from period to period and across companies.

Management believes that the exclusion of the aforementioned items, as detailed in the reconciliation below, allows for an additional perspective on the Company’s operating results from period to period and across companies. The Company defines Adjusted Operating Margin as Adjusted Operating Income divided by revenue.


		Three Months Ended March 31,										Three Months Ended June 30,									Six Months Ended June 30,
		2020			2019				2020			2019			2020			2019
Operating income	Operating income	$	592		$	462		Operating income	$	710		$	483		$	1,302		$	945
Adjustments:	Adjustments:							Adjustments:
Restructuring	Restructuring	(1)			6			Restructuring	(2)			53			(3)			59
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	49			50			Depreciation and amortization	58			52			107			102
Acquisition-Related Expenses	Acquisition-Related Expenses	—			1			Acquisition-Related Expenses	—			2			—			3
Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	9			—			Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	—			9			9			9

Adjusted Operating Income	Adjusted Operating Income	$	649		$	519		Adjusted Operating Income	$	766		$	599		$	1,415		$	1,118
Operating margin	Operating margin	45.9		%	40.5		%	Operating margin	49.5		%	39.8		%	47.8		%	40.1		%
Adjusted Operating Margin	Adjusted Operating Margin	50.3		%	45.4		%	Adjusted Operating Margin	53.4		%	49.3		%	51.9		%	47.5		%

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Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted EPS attributable to Moody's common shareholders:

The Company presents Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted EPS because management deems these metrics to be useful measures to provide additional perspective on the operating performance of Moody’s. Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted EPS exclude the impact of: i) Acquisition-Related Expenses; ii) amortization of acquired intangible assets; ~~ii)~~iii) restructuring ~~charges; iii)~~charges/adjustments; and iv) loss and a ~~loss~~tax charge pursuant to the divestiture of ~~MAKS;~~MAKS.

Acquisition-Related Expenses consist of expenses incurred to complete and ~~iv) Acquisition-Related Expenses.~~

integrate the acquisition of Bureau van Dijk. These expenses were excluded in prior years due to the material nature of the cumulative costs incurred over the multi-year integration effort. Acquisition-related expenses from other acquisitions were not material. The Company excludes the impact of amortization of acquired intangible assets as companies utilize intangible assets with different ages and have different methods of acquiring and amortizing intangible assets. Furthermore, the timing and magnitude of business combination transactions are not predictable and the purchase price allocated to amortizable intangible assets and the related amortization period are unique to each acquisition and can vary significantly from period to period and across companies. Restructuring charges are excluded as the frequency and magnitude of these charges may vary widely across periods and companies. The loss and tax charge pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS isare excluded as the frequency and magnitude of divestiture activity may vary widely from period to period and across companies. Acquisition-Related Expenses consist of expenses incurred to complete and integrate the acquisition of Bureau van Dijk. These expenses were excluded in prior years due to the material nature of the cumulative costs incurred over the multi-year integration effort. Acquisition-related expenses from other acquisitions were not material.

The Company excludes the aforementioned items to provide additional perspective when comparing net income and diluted EPS from period to period and across companies as the frequency and magnitude of similar transactions may vary widely across periods.

Below is a reconciliation of this measure to its most directly comparable U.S. GAAP amount:


		Three Months Ended March 31,																Three Months Ended June 30,										Six Months Ended June 30,
Amounts in millions	Amounts in millions	2020						2019						Amounts in millions	2020					2019						2020		2019
Net income attributable to Moody's common shareholders	Net income attributable to Moody's common shareholders			$	488			$	373	Net income attributable to Moody's common shareholders			$	509				$	310			$	997			$	683
Pre-Tax Acquisition-Related Expenses	Pre-Tax Acquisition-Related Expenses	$	—			$	1			Pre-Tax Acquisition-Related Expenses	$	—				$	2			$	—			$	3
Tax on Acquisition-Related Expenses	Tax on Acquisition-Related Expenses	—				—				Tax on Acquisition-Related Expenses	—					—				—				—
Net Acquisition-Related Expenses	Net Acquisition-Related Expenses			—				1		Net Acquisition-Related Expenses			—					2				—				3
Pre-Tax Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses	Pre-Tax Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses	$	28			$	26			Pre-Tax Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses	$	31				$	27			$	59			$	53
Tax on Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses	Tax on Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses	(6)				(5)				Tax on Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses	(7)					(8)				(13)				(13)
Net Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses	Net Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses			22				21		Net Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses			24					19				46				40

Pre-Tax Restructuring	Pre-Tax Restructuring	$	(1)			$	6			Pre-Tax Restructuring	$	(2)				$	53			$	(3)			$	59
Tax on Restructuring	Tax on Restructuring	—				(2)				Tax on Restructuring	1					(12)				1				(14)
Net Restructuring	Net Restructuring			(1)				4		Net Restructuring			(1)					41				(2)				45

Tax charge pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS										Tax charge pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS			—					15				—				15

Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS			9				—		Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS			—					9				9				9
Adjusted Net Income	Adjusted Net Income			$	518			$	399	Adjusted Net Income			$	532				$	396			$	1,050			$	795

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		Three Months Ended March 31,																Three Months Ended June 30,										Six Months Ended June 30,
		2020						2019							2020					2019						2020		2019
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Moody's common shareholders	Diluted earnings per share attributable to Moody's common shareholders			$	2.57			$	1.93	Diluted earnings per share attributable to Moody's common shareholders			$	2.69				$	1.62			$	5.27			$	3.56
Pre-Tax Acquisition-Related Expenses	Pre-Tax Acquisition-Related Expenses	$	—			$	0.01			Pre-Tax Acquisition-Related Expenses	$	—				$	0.01			$	—			$	0.02
Tax on Acquisition-Related Expenses	Tax on Acquisition-Related Expenses	—				—				Tax on Acquisition-Related Expenses	—					—				—				(0.01)
Net Acquisition-Related Expenses	Net Acquisition-Related Expenses			—				0.01		Net Acquisition-Related Expenses			—					0.01				—				0.01
Pre-Tax Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses	Pre-Tax Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses	$	0.15			$	0.14			Pre-Tax Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses	$	0.16				$	0.14			$	0.31			$	0.27
Tax on Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses	Tax on Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses	(0.03)				(0.03)				Tax on Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses	(0.03)					(0.04)				(0.07)				(0.06)
Net Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses	Net Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses			0.12				0.11		Net Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization Expenses			0.13					0.10				0.24				0.21

Pre-Tax Restructuring	Pre-Tax Restructuring	$	(0.01)			$	0.03			Pre-Tax Restructuring	$	(0.01)				$	0.28			$	(0.02)			$	0.31
Tax on Restructuring	Tax on Restructuring	—				(0.01)				Tax on Restructuring	—					(0.07)				0.01				(0.08)
Net Restructuring	Net Restructuring			(0.01)				0.02		Net Restructuring			(0.01)					0.21				(0.01)				0.23

Tax charge pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS										Tax charge pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS			—					0.08				—				0.08

Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS	Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS			0.05				—		Loss pursuant to the divestiture of MAKS			—					0.05				0.05				0.05
Adjusted Diluted EPS	Adjusted Diluted EPS			$	2.73			$	2.07	Adjusted Diluted EPS			$	2.81				$	2.07			$	5.55			$	4.14

Note: the tax impacts in the table above were calculated using tax rates in effect in the jurisdiction for which the item relates.

Free Cash Flow:

The Company defines Free Cash Flow as net cash provided by operating activities minus payments for capital additions. Management believes that Free Cash Flow is a useful metric in assessing the Company’s cash flows to service debt, pay dividends and to fund acquisitions and share repurchases. Management deems capital expenditures essential to the Company’s product and service innovations and maintenance of Moody’s operational capabilities. Accordingly, capital expenditures are deemed to be a recurring use of Moody’s cash flow. Below is a reconciliation of the Company’s net cash flows from operating activities to Free Cash Flow:


		Three Months Ended March 31,							Six Months Ended June 30,
		2020		2019			2020		2019
Net cash flows provided by operating activities	Net cash flows provided by operating activities	$	345	$	367	Net cash flows provided by operating activities	$	977	$	755
Capital additions	Capital additions	(21)		(20)		Capital additions	(62)		(39)
Free Cash Flow	Free Cash Flow	$	324	$	347	Free Cash Flow	$	915	$	716
Net cash flows used in investing activities	Net cash flows used in investing activities	$	(772)	$	(7)	Net cash flows used in investing activities	$	(823)	$	(53)
Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities	Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities	$	765	$	(849)	Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities	$	123	$	(1,186)

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Organic Revenue:

The Company presents the organic revenue and growth because management deems this metric to be a useful measure which provides additional perspective in assessing the revenue growth excluding the inorganic revenue impacts from certain acquisitions and divestiture activity. The following table details the periods excluded from each acquisition/divestiture to determine organic revenue.

~~Acquisition~~

~~Acquisition Date~~

Period excluded to determine organic revenue growth

Acquisition

Acquisition Date

Three Months Ended June 30

Six Months Ended June 30

RiskFirst

July 25, 2019

April 1, 2020 - June 30, 2020

January 1, 2020 - ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020

ABS Suite

October 1, 2019

April 1, 2020 - June 30, 2020

January 1, 2020 - ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020

Regulatory DataCorp

February 13, 2020

April 1, 2020 - June 30, 2020

February 13, 2020 - ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020

Divestiture

Divestiture Date

MAKS

November 7, 2019

April 1, 2019 - June 30, 2019

January 1, 2019 - ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019

Additionally, subsequent to the divestiture of MAKS in 2019, revenue from the Moody's Analytics Learning Solutions ("MALS") unit, which previous to 2020 was reported in the Professional Services LOB, ~~will~~is now be reported as part of the RD&A LOB. Prior periods have not been reclassified as the amounts were not material. For purposes of determining organic RD&A revenue growth, MALS revenue has been excluded from ~~first quarter~~ 2020 RD&A revenue. Below is a reconciliation of MA's reported revenue and growth rates to its organic revenue and organic growth rates:


		Three Months Ended March 31,														Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
Amounts in millions	Amounts in millions	2020		2019		Change		Growth	Amounts in millions	2020		2019		Change		Growth	2020		2019		Change		Growth
MA revenue	MA revenue	$	496	$	472	$	24	5%	MA revenue	$	497	$	475	$	22	5%	$	993	$	947	$	46	5%
RiskFirst revenue		(4)		—		(4)
ABS Suite revenue		(1)		—		(1)
Regulatory DataCorp revenue		(7)		—		(7)
MAKS revenue		—		(27)		27
RiskFirst									RiskFirst	(6)		—		(6)			(10)		—		(10)
ABS Suite									ABS Suite	(2)		—		(2)			(3)		—		(3)
Regulatory DataCorp									Regulatory DataCorp	(14)		—		(14)			(21)		—		(21)
MAKS									MAKS	—		(28)		28			—		(55)		55
Organic MA revenue	Organic MA revenue	$	484	$	445	$	39	9%	Organic MA revenue	$	475	$	447	$	28	6%	$	959	$	892	$	67	8%

		Three Months Ended March 31,														Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
Amounts in millions	Amounts in millions	2020		2019		Change		Growth	Amounts in millions	2020		2019		Change		Growth	2020		2019		Change		Growth
RD&A revenue	RD&A revenue	$	358	$	308	$	50	16%	RD&A revenue	$	366	$	315	$	51	16%	$	724	$	623	$	101	16%
ABS Suite revenue		(1)		—		(1)
Regulatory DataCorp revenue		(7)		—		(7)
MALS revenue		(15)		—		(15)
ABS Suite									ABS Suite	(2)		—		(2)			(3)		—		(3)
Regulatory DataCorp									Regulatory DataCorp	(14)		—		(14)			(21)		—		(21)
MALS									MALS	(12)		—		(12)			(27)		—		(27)
Organic RD&A revenue	Organic RD&A revenue	$	335	$	308	$	27	9%	Organic RD&A revenue	$	338	$	315	$	23	7%	$	673	$	623	$	50	8%

		Three Months Ended March 31,														Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
Amounts in millions	Amounts in millions	2020		2019		Change		Growth	Amounts in millions	2020		2019		Change		Growth	2020		2019		Change		Growth
ERS revenue	ERS revenue	$	138	$	122	$	16	13%	ERS revenue	$	131	$	117	$	14	12%	$	269	$	239	$	30	13%
RiskFirst revenue		(4)		—		(4)
RiskFirst									RiskFirst	(6)		—		(6)			(10)		—		(10)
Organic ERS revenue	Organic ERS revenue	$	134	$	122	$	12	10%	Organic ERS revenue	$	125	$	117	$	8	7%	$	259	$	239	$	20	8%

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Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Refer to Note 2021 to the condensed consolidated financial statements located in Part I on this Form 10-Q for a discussion on the impact to the Company relating to recently issued accounting pronouncements.

Contingencies

Legal proceedings in which the Company is involved also may impact Moody’s liquidity or operating results. No assurance can be provided as to the outcome of such proceedings. In addition, litigation inherently involves significant costs. For information regarding legal proceedings, see Item 1 - "Financial Statements", Note 1819 "Contingencies” in this Form 10-Q.

Regulation

MIS and many of the securities that it rates are subject to extensive regulation in both the U.S. and in other countries (including by state and local authorities). Existing and proposed laws and regulations can impact the Company’s operations and the markets for securities that it rates. Additional laws and regulations have been proposed or are being considered. Each of the existing, adopted, proposed and potential laws and regulations can increase the costs and legal risk associated with the Company’s operations, including the issuance of credit ratings, and may negatively impact the Company’s profitability and ability to compete, or result in changes in the demand for credit ratings, in the manner in which credit ratings are utilized and in the manner in which the Company operates.

The regulatory landscape ~~has changed rapidly in recent years and~~ continues to evolve. In the U.S., CRAs are subject to extensive regulation primarily pursuant to the Reform Act and the Dodd-Frank Act. The Reform Act added Section 15E to the Exchange Act and provided the SEC with the authority to establish a registration and oversight program for credit rating agencies registered as NRSROs. Among other things, the Reform Act requires the SEC to submit an annual report to Congress providing an overview of SEC activities with respect to NRSROs, and detailing the SEC’s views on the state of competition, transparency and conflicts of interests among NRSROs. The Dodd-Frank Act enhanced the SEC’s oversight of the regulation of NRSROs, and includes a requirement that the SEC publish an annual report summarizing the results of its annual examinations of NRSROs. To date, through a series of rulemakings, the SEC has implemented ~~a number of~~several Exchange Act provisions related to NRSROs. These include, for example, provisions addressing disclosure of data and assumptions underlying credit ratings, conflicts of interest with respect to sales and marketing practices, disclosure of performance statistics, application and disclosure of credit rating methodologies, analyst training and testing and consistent application of rating symbols and definitions. The Company has made and continues to make substantial IT and other investments, and has implemented the relevant compliance obligations.

In the EU, the CRA industry is registered and supervised through a pan-European regulatory framework. The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has direct supervisory responsibility for the registered CRA industry throughout the EU. ~~MIS’s~~MIS’ EU CRA subsidiaries are registered and are subject to formal regulation and periodic inspection. Applicable rules include procedural requirements with respect to use of credit ratings, independence and avoidance of conflicts of interest, conflicts of interest concerning investments in CRAs, CRA rotation, methodologies, models and key rating assumptions, use of multiple CRAs, outsourcing, disclosures, credit ratings of sovereign issuers, liability for intentional or grossly negligent failure to abide by applicable regulations, reporting requirements to ESMA regarding fees, and additional procedural and substantive requirements on the pricing of services. From time to time, ESMA publishes interpretive guidance, or thematic reports regarding various aspects of the regulation and, annually, sets out its work program for the forthcoming year. ESMA’s 2020 work program includes supervisory work on the credit rating process, methodology development and validation, governance, and internal ~~controls, including with respect to IT and information security, effectiveness of control environment and access and usability of credit ratings.~~controls.

In 2016, the European Commission published a report concluding that no new EU legislation was necessary at that time, but that it would continue to monitor the credit rating industry and analyze approaches that may strengthen existing regulation. In April 2020, the Commission published a consultation on a Sustainable Finance strategy for the EU. The ~~European~~new strategy is expected to be published in either the fourth quarter of 2020 or first quarter of 2021 and could include proposals on the integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance criteria in the credit rating process. The Commission is also expected to publish a report in 2021 on CRAs and the integration of sustainability factors into their credit rating opinions and in the fourth quarter of 2020 on ~~sustainability research~~Sustainability Research and ~~ratings.~~Ratings.

Separately, on June 23, 2016, the U.K. voted to exit the E.U. and on January 31, 2020 formally left the E.U. There is now a transition period of 11 months until December 31, 2020 when most EU law will remain applicable in the U.K.. The longer-term impact of the decision to leave the E.U. on the overall regulatory framework for the U.K. will depend, in part, on the relationship that the U.K. negotiates with the E.U. During the transition period, the EUE.U. CRA regulatory framework will remain in place in the U.K. and firms must continue to abide by their existing obligations with ESMA as the regulator of EU-registered CRAs. It is expected that from the start of 2021, legislation for CRAs under the supervision of the Financial Conduct Authority will come into force in the U.K.

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In light of the regulations that have gone into effect in both the E.U. and the U.S. (as well as many other countries), periodically and as a matter of course pursuant to their enabling legislation, regulatory authorities have and will continue to publish reports that describe their oversight activities over the industry. In addition, other legislation and/or interpretation of existing regulation relating to the Company’s operations, including credit rating, ancillary and research services is being considered by local, national and multinational bodies and this type of activity is likely to continue in the future. Finally, in certain countries, governments may provide financial or other support to locally-based CRAs. For example, governments may from time to time establish official CRAs or credit ratings criteria or procedures for evaluating local issuers. If enacted, any such legislation and regulation could change the competitive landscape in which MIS operates. The legal status of CRAs has been addressed by courts in various decisions and is likely to be considered and addressed in legal proceedings from time to time in the future. Management of the Company cannot predict whether these or any other proposals will be enacted, the outcome of any pending or possible future legal proceedings, or regulatory or legislative actions, or the ultimate impact of any such matters on the competitive position, financial position or results of operations of the Company.

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Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements and are based on future expectations, plans and prospects for the business and operations of the Company that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Such statements involve estimates, projections, goals, forecasts, assumptions and uncertainties that could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those contemplated, expressed, projected, anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. Those statements appear at various places throughout this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, including in the sections entitled “Contingencies” under Item 2, “MD&A”, commencing on page 4248 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, under “Legal Proceedings” in Part II, Item 1, of this Form 10-Q, and elsewhere in the context of statements containing the words “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “intend”, “plan”, “will”, “predict”, “potential”, “continue”, “strategy”, “aspire”, “target”, “forecast”, “project”, “estimate”, “should”, “could”, “may” and similar expressions or words and variations thereof relating to the Company’s views on future events, trends and contingencies or otherwise convey the prospective nature of events or outcomes generally indicative of forward-looking statements. Stockholders and investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements and other information are made as of the date of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, and the Company undertakes no obligation (nor does it intend) to publicly supplement, update or revise such statements on a going-forward basis, whether as a result of subsequent developments, changed expectations or otherwise, except as required by applicable law or regulation. In connection with the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, the Company is identifying examples of factors, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ, perhaps materially, from those indicated by these forward-looking statements.

Those factors, risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the impact of COVID-19 on volatility in the U.S. and world financial markets, on general economic conditions and GDP growth in the U.S. and worldwide, and on the ~~company’s~~Company’s own operations and personnel. Many other factors could cause actual results to differ from Moody’s outlook, including credit market disruptions or economic slowdowns, which could affect the volume of debt and other securities issued in domestic and/or global capital markets; other matters that could affect the volume of debt and other securities issued in domestic and/or global capital markets, including regulation, credit quality concerns, changes in interest rates and other volatility in the financial markets such as that due to uncertainty as companies transition away from LIBOR and Brexit; the level of merger and acquisition activity in the U.S. and abroad; the uncertain effectiveness and possible collateral consequences of U.S. and foreign government actions affecting credit markets, international trade and economic policy, including those related to tariffs and trade barriers; concerns in the marketplace affecting our credibility or otherwise affecting market perceptions of the integrity or utility of independent credit agency ratings; the introduction of competing products or technologies by other companies; pricing pressure from competitors and/or customers; the level of success of new product development and global expansion; the impact of regulation as an NRSRO, the potential for new U.S., state and local legislation and regulations, including provisions in the Dodd-Frank Act and regulations resulting from that Act; the potential for increased competition and regulation in the EU and other foreign jurisdictions; exposure to litigation related to ~~our~~Moody's Investors Service's rating opinions, as well as any other litigation, government and regulatory proceedings, investigations and inquiries to which the Company may be subject from time to time; provisions in the Dodd-Frank Act legislation modifying the pleading standards, and EU regulations modifying the liability standards, applicable to credit rating agencies in a manner adverse to credit rating agencies; provisions of EU regulations imposing additional procedural and substantive requirements on the pricing of services and the expansion of supervisory remit to include non-EU ratings used for regulatory purposes; the possible loss of key employees; failures or malfunctions of our operations and infrastructure; any vulnerabilities to cyber threats or other cybersecurity concerns; the outcome of any review by controlling tax authorities of the Company’s global tax planning initiatives; exposure to potential criminal sanctions or civil remedies if the Company fails to comply with foreign and U.S. laws and regulations that are applicable in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, including data protection and privacy laws, sanctions laws, anti-corruption laws, and local laws prohibiting corrupt payments to government officials; the impact of mergers, acquisitions or other business combinations and the ability of the Company to successfully integrate such acquired businesses; currency and foreign exchange volatility; the level of future cash flows; the levels of capital investments; and a decline in the demand for credit risk management tools by financial institutions. These factors, risks and uncertainties as well as other risks and uncertainties that could cause Moody’s actual results to differ materially from those contemplated, expressed, projected, anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements are currently, or in the future could be, amplified by the COVID-19 outbreak, and are described in greater detail under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, its quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, and in other filings made by the Company from time to time with the SEC or in materials incorporated herein or therein. Stockholders and investors are cautioned that the occurrence of any of these factors, risks and uncertainties may cause the Company’s actual results to differ materially from those contemplated, expressed, projected, anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements, which could have a material and adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition. New factors may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for the Company to predict new factors, nor can the Company assess the potential effect of any new factors on it.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The following discussion outlines changes in Moody’s derivative instrument portfolio subsequent to the filing of the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019:

Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges:

In the first quarter of 2020, the Company entered into interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $500 million to convert the fixed rate of interest on the 3.25% 2017 Senior Notes due 2028 to a floating interest rate based on the 3-month USD LIBOR. The hedges will be settled in 2026. A hypothetical change of 100 BPS in the USD LIBOR-based swap rate would result in an approximate ~~$31~~$30 million change to the fair value of the swap, which would be offset by the change in fair value of the hedged item.

Cross-currency swaps designated as net investment hedges:

In the first quarter of 2020, the Company entered into cross-currency swaps to exchange an aggregate amount of €450 million with corresponding interest based on the floating 3-month EURIBOR for an aggregate amount of $500 million with corresponding interest based on the floating 3-month USD LIBOR. These swaps were designated as net investment hedges under ASC Topic 815. The purpose of these cross-currency swaps is to mitigate FX exposure related to a portion of the Company’s euro net investments in certain foreign subsidiaries against changes in euro/USD exchange rates. If the euro were to strengthen 10% relative to the U.S. dollar, there would be an approximate ~~$49~~$51 million unfavorable impact to the fair value of the cross-currency swaps recognized in OCI, which would be offset by favorable currency translation gains on the Company’s euro net investment in foreign subsidiaries.

~~Treasury locks designated as cash flow hedges:~~

The Company entered into treasury lock interest rate forward contracts in January 2020 with a combined notional amount of $300 million with an average locked-in U.S. 30-year Treasury rate of 2.0103%. The purpose of these forward contracts was to mitigate the changes in cash flow attributable to changes in the 30-year Treasury rate during the period prior to the anticipated issuance of 30-year debt. As of March 31, 2020, a decrease in the 30-year Treasury rate subsequent to inception of the hedge resulted in an approximate $47 million unfavorable change to the fair value of the swap. The Treasury lock interest rate forward contracts matured on April 30, 2020, resulting in a cumulative loss of $68 million. The loss on the Treasury rate lock will remain in AOCI (unless the hedged transaction is deemed probable of not occurring) and will be reclassified to earnings in the same period that the hedged transaction (i.e. interest payments) impact earnings.

Refer to Note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q and Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk”, contained in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 for further discussion on the Company’s derivative financial instruments.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures: The Company carried out an evaluation, as required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this report (the “Evaluation Date”). Based on such evaluation, such officers have concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the communication to the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

The Company is in the process of a multi-year initiative to simplify and standardize processes and systems within its shared services function. In the first quarter of 2020, the Company has completed the first phase of an implementation of a new enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. The rollout of the first phase of implementing the new ERP system resulted in the same level of internal control over financial reporting as was in place prior to the implementation. However, as the next phases of the updated processes are rolled out in connection with the ERP implementation, the Company anticipates process changes that may necessitate changes in the design of and testing for effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~Aside from the change noted above, the~~ Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has determined that there were no ~~other~~ changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, these internal controls over financial reporting during the three-month period ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020. Although a significant portion of the Company’s workforce began working remotely in mid-March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Moody’s has not experienced any material impact to its internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

For information regarding legal proceedings, see Item 1 – “Financial Statements – Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited),” Note 1819 “Contingencies” in this Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

~~Other than the risk factor below relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, there~~There have been no material changes ~~since December 31, 2019 to~~from the significant risk factors and uncertainties ~~known to~~previously disclosed under the ~~Company~~heading "Risk Factors" in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as updated in the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, that if they were to occur, could materially adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, operating results and/or cash flow. For a discussion of the Company’s risk factors, refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors”, contained in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019.~~

The global COVID-19 pandemic may have a material adverse impact on our operations and financial performance, and is having a material adverse impact on the operations and financial performance of many of our customers. We are unable to predict the extent to which the pandemic and related impacts will continue to adversely impact our business operations, financial performance, results of operations, financial position and the achievement of our strategic objectives.

Our operations and financial performance could be negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic that has caused, and is expected to continue to cause, the global slowdown of economic activity and significant volatility and disruption in financial markets. Because the severity, magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic2019 and its ~~economic consequences are uncertain, rapidly changing and difficult to predict, the pandemic’s impact~~quarterly report on our operations and financial performance, as well as its impact on our ability to successfully execute our business strategies and initiatives, remains uncertain and difficult to predict. Further, the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations and financial performance depends on many factors that are not within our control, including, but not limited, to: governmental, business and individuals’ actions that have been and continue to be taken in response to the pandemic (including restrictions on travel and workforce pressures); the impact of the pandemic and actions taken in response on global and regional economies, travel, and economic activity; the availability of federal, state, local or non-U.S. funding programs; general economic uncertainty in key global markets and financial market volatility; global economic conditions and levels of economic growth; and the pace of recovery when the COVID-19 pandemic subsides.

~~The COVID-19 pandemic has subjected our operations and financial performance to a number of risks, including, but not limited to, those discussed below:~~

–The global credit market disruptions and economic slowdown (including decreased level of merger and acquisition financing activity in the U.S. and abroad) caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has had, and is expected to continue to have, an adverse effect on the volume of below investment grade and emerging market debt and other securities issued in domestic and/or global capital markets and could lead to a decline in investment grade issuances.

–We continue to publish research and issue credit ratings in accordance with our public credit rating methodologies in a highly uncertain, rapidly changing environment where it is difficult to predict the impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the operations and financial performance of many of our rated issuers. Given these unprecedented events, and our prior experience during periods of volatility and economic uncertainty, it is likely that our ratings and research will be challenged around the globe by the press, rated entities, investors and government agencies and officials. Such scrutiny has impacted and may continue to impact our reputation, brand and credibility and result in future government and regulatory proceedings, investigations, inquiries and litigation.

–The uncertain effectiveness, potential expansion and possible collateral consequences, including reputational, of recent and future U.S. and foreign government actions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on credit markets, including, but not limited to, the Primary Market Corporate Credit Facility, the Secondary Market Corporate Credit Facility and the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility created by the U.S. Federal Reserve.

–~~Illness, travel restrictions or workforce disruptions could negatively affect our operations and other business processes.~~

–Social distancing measures could result in reduced sales opportunities for both MIS and MA and result in an extension of the MA sales cycles on existing opportunities as well as higher attrition rates and/or lower yields on renewable contracts.

~~Table of Contents~~

–~~The COVID-19 pandemic may decrease demand~~Form 10-Q for the financial intelligence and analytical tools MA provides, in particular in the event that MA’s customers come under financial pressure and reduce spending for the types of products and services offered by MA.

–Our customers are being impacted and will be impacted by recent events to differing degrees. Some of our customers may no longer exist after the COVID-19 crisis, thereby reducing the number of issuers in the market, issuance volume and demand for our products and services. Some of our customers will experience significant spending constraints in order to continue operations and others may reduce their workforces, also resulting in a reduction in the demand for some of our products and services. As a result, we may face pricing pressure on our products, delayed renewals for certain subscription based products, and challenges to new sales which would in turn reduce revenue, ultimately impacting our results of operations.

–The COVID-19 pandemic has increased volatility and pricing in the capital markets, and volatility is likely to continue. The Company might not be able to continue to access preferred sources of liquidity when we would like, and our borrowing costs could increase.

–While we have transitioned to remote work for all employees globally, maintaining such a state for an extended period of time may have a material adverse effect on our productivity, our ability to meet the needs of our customers and may expose us to both operational and security risks. In addition, maintaining an infrastructure that supports a prolonged remote working environment may limit information technology resources available for other projects.

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to adversely affect our operating and financial results, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in the risk factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the yearquarter ended ~~December~~March 31, 2019. In particular, see the risk factors detailed under “A. Legal and Regulatory Risks” and “B. Risks Relating to Our Business.” Further, the COVID-19 pandemic may also affect our operating and financial results in a manner that is not presently known to us or that we currently do not expect to present significant risks to our operations or financial results.2020.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

MOODY'S PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

For the ~~Three Months Ended March 31,~~three months ended June 30, 2020

Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased ⁽¹⁾

Average Price Paid per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Program⁽²⁾
January 1- 31 436,971 $ 249.90 436,971 $ 1,225 million
February 1- 29 258,388 $ 266.97 258,277 $ 1,156 million
March 1- 31 770,707 $ 200.29 373,861 $ 1,081 million
Total 1,466,066 $ 236.67 1,069,109


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased ⁽¹⁾	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program		Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Program⁽²⁾
April 1- 30	839	$	—	$	—	$	1,081	million
May 1- 31	540	$	—	$	—	$	1,081	million
June 1- 30	923	$	—	$	—	$	1,081	million
Total	2,302	$	—	$	—

⁽¹⁾Includes surrender to the Company of ~~111~~839, 540 and ~~396,846~~923 shares of common stock in ~~February~~April, May and ~~March,~~June, respectively, to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock issued to employees. ~~No shares of common stock were surrendered to the Company to satisfy tax withholding obligations in January.~~

⁽²⁾As of the last day of each of the months. On October 22, 2018, the Board authorized a $1 billion share repurchase program, which at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 had approximately $81 million of remaining authority. On December 16, 2019, the Board approved an additional $1 billion for the share repurchase program, which may commence following the completion of the existing program. There is no established expiration date for the remaining authorization.

During the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020, Moody’s issued a net ~~0.9~~0.2 million shares under employee stock-based compensation plans.

Item 5. Other Information

~~Not applicable.~~Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities.

On July 29, 2020, the chief executive officer of Moody’s approved a restructuring program primarily in response to the COVID-19 pandemic which revolves around the rationalization and exit of certain real estate leases. The exit from certain leased office space is anticipated to begin in the third quarter of 2020 and be substantially completed during the first half of 2021, and is expected to result in an estimated annualized savings of approximately $5 million to $6 million a year. The Program is estimated to result in total pre-tax charges of $25 to $35 million, which primarily reflects a non-cash charge related to operating lease right-of-use assets.Approximately $20 to $30 million of this amount is expected to be recorded in the second half of 2020.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No

Description

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BY-LAWS

Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, effective April 22,, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Report on Form 8-K of the Registrant, file number 1-14037, filed April 2 7 , 27, 2020)

Amended and Restated By-laws of Moody’s Corporation, effective April 22,, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Report on Form 8-K of the Registrant, file number 1-14037, filed April 2 7 ,27, 2020)

INSTRUMENTS DEFINING THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS, INCLUDING INDENTURES

Eleventh Supplement Indenture, dated as of March 24, 2020, between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Report on Form 8-K of the Registrant, file number 1-14037, filed March 25, 2020)

Form of 3.750% Senior Note due 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Report on Form 8-K of the Registrant, file number 1-14037, filed March 25, 2020)

Twelfth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 20, 2020, between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Report on Form 8-K of the Registrant, file number 1-14037, filed May 20, 2020)

Form of 3.250% Note due 2050 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Report on Form 8-K of the Registrant, file number 1-14037, filed May 20, 2020)

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

.1*

Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

.2*

Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

.1*

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Company has furnished this certification and does not intend for it to be considered filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or incorporated by reference into future filings under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

.2*

101.INS*

Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

101.SCH*

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL*

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF*

Inline XBRL Definitions Linkbase Document

101.LAB*

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document

101.PRE*

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104*

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


		MOODY’S CORPORATION


	By:	/ S / MARK KAYE
		Mark Kaye
		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(principal financial officer)

	By:	/ S / CAROLINE SULLIVAN
		Caroline Sullivan
		Senior Vice President and Corporate Controller
		(principal accounting officer)

Date: ~~May 1,~~July 31, 2020

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	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term	6.7 years		7.3 years
Weighted-average discount rate applied to operating leases	3.6	%	3.6	%


	March 31,					% Change
	2020		2019
United States	4,065		3,984	2	%
Non-U.S.	7,298		9,253	(21	%)
Total	11,363	⁽¹⁾	13,237	(14	%)