UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

[X]

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended:September 30, 2018March 31, 2019

[   ]

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File No.001-34449

PLANET GREEN HOLDINGS CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Suite 901, Building 6
No. 1678 Jinshajiang Road
Putuo District, Shanghai, China
(Address, including zip code, of principal executive offices)

(86) 21-3258 3578
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes [X]☒     No [   ]☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes [X]☒    No [   ]☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer,company or an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reportingemerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, and “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [   ]☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes [   ]☐     No [X]☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

The numbersnumber of outstanding shares outstanding of the issuer’s class of common stock as of September 30, 2018May 13, 2019 was 3,143,141.5,497,765.

FORM 10-Q
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to the factors described in the section captioned “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20172018 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “should,” “would” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Also, forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this report. You should read this report completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

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Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in any forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

Use of Certain Defined Terms

Except where the context otherwise requires and for the purposes of this report only:

1.     “We,” “us” and “our” refer to ALN, and except where the context requires otherwise, our wholly-owned and majority-owned direct and indirect operating subsidiaries.

2.     “ALN” refers to, Planet Green Holdings Corp., a Nevada corporation (formerly known as Millennium Quest, Inc. and American Lorain Corporation).

3.     “Athena” refers to Athena*, a limited liability company organized under the laws of France that is majority- owned by Junan Hongrun.

4.     “ILH” refers to International Lorain Holding, Inc., a Cayman Islands company that is wholly - owned by ALN.

5.     “Junan Hongrun” refers to Junan Hongrun Foodstuff Co., Ltd.

6.     “Luotian Lorain***” refers to Luotian Lorain Co., Ltd.

7.     “Beijing Lorain***” refers to Beijing Lorain Co., Ltd.

8.     “Shandong Lorain” refers to Shandong Lorain Co., Ltd.

9.     “Dongguan Lorain” refers to Dongguan Lorain Co., Ltd.

10.     “Planet Green BVI” refers to Planet Green Holdings Corporation.

11.     “Jianshi Technology” refers to Jianshi Technology Holding Limited.

12.     “Shandong Greenpia***” refers to Shandong Greenpia Foodstuff Co., Ltd.

13.     “Shenzhen Lorain**” refers to Lorain Foodstuff (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.

14.     “Shanghai Xunyang” refers to Shanghai Xunyang Internet Technology Co., Ltd.

15.     “Taishan Muren***” refers to Taishan Muren Agriculture Co. Ltd.

16.     “RMB” refers to Renminbi, the legal currency of China.

17.     “U.S. dollar”, “$” and “US$” refer to the legal currency of the United States.

18.     “China” and “PRC” refer to the People’s Republic of China (excluding Hong Kong and Macau).

*On August 8, 2015, the Company re-organized its French operations by merging the operations of Conserverie Minerve into its immediate parent and 100% shareholder Athena, and concurrently, Athena wound up and dissolved Conserverie Minerve. Athena subsequently changed its own legal name to Conservie Minerve to continue its business.

**On December 14, 2017, the Company formed Shenzhen Lorain as a limited company under the laws of the PRC. Through Shandong Greenpia, the Company entered into exclusive arrangements with Shenzhen Lorain and its shareholders that give the Company the ability to substantially influence Shenzhen Lorain’s daily operations and financial affairs and appoint its senior executives. The Company is considered the primary beneficiary of Shenzhen Lorain and it consolidates its accounts as a VIE. On September 27, 2018, the mentioned exclusive arrangement were terminated.

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See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements

See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements

See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements

Planet Green Holdings Corp. formerly known as American Lorain Corporation (the “Company” or “PLAG”) is registered as a corporation in the state of Nevada. The Company conducts its primary business activities through its subsidiaries located in the People’s Republic of China, including its new acquired operating subsidiary Taishan Muren Agriculture Co. Ltd. ThoseThrough its subsidiaries, the Company grow develop, manufacture, and market fresh foodsherbs and spices, convenience foods, chestnutsell sauces and other products developed from these herbs and frozen foods.spices, and offer a variety of food and beverage products, including packaged sauce, tea and brown rice syrup, to consumers and food service businesses.

Method of accounting

Management has prepared the accompanying financial statements and these notes in accordance to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America; the Company maintains its general ledger and journals with the accrual method accounting.

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of the Company, and its subsidiaries, which are listed below:

Management has eliminated all significant inter-company balances and transactions in preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Ownership interests of subsidiaries that the Company does not wholly-own are accounted for as non-controlling interests.

On May 18, 2018, the Company incorporated Planet Green Holdings Corporation (“Planet Green BVI”), a limited company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. On September 28, 2018, Planet Green BVI acquired JianShi Technology Holding Limited, a limited company, incorporated in Hong Kong on February 21, 2012 and Shanghai Xunyang Internet TechTechnology Co. Ltd., a wholly-owned foreign entity incorporated in Shanghai, PRC on August 29, 2012. The formation and acquisition of these companies was to implement the Company’s restructuring plans.

On September 28, 2018, the Company was restructured by disposing its equity interest in International Lorain and its subsidiaries to the former Chairman, Mr. Si Chen, and re-acquiring certain equity interest in subsidiaries;certain of these subsidiaries,; namely, Shandong Greenpia, Beijing Lorain, and Luotian Lorain, indirectly through Planet Green BVI. Please refer to Form 8-K filed on October 2, 2018. The Company entered into exclusive arrangements with Shandong Greenpia, Luotian Lorain, Taishan Muren, and Shenzhen Lorain and its shareholders that give the Company the ability to substantially influence its daily operations and financial affairs. The Company entered into exclusive arrangements with Beijing Lorain; however, the Company does not have significant influence over Beijing Lorain and Beijing Lorain is accounted for as equity method investment. The Company is

In December 2018, the primary beneficiaryCompany’s management determined that it would discontinue the operations of Shandong Greenpia and Luotian Lorain. Accordingly, the Company has recorded full impairment related to the value of those assets.

In December 2018, the Company was no longer able to exercise significant influence over Beijing Lorain, Taishan Muren, and Shenzhen Lorain; therefore, it consolidatesmanagement did not believe that the Company would be able recover the value of its accounts as a VIE.investment; accordingly, the Company recognized full impairment of its investment in Beijing Lorain.

Consolidation of Variable Interest Entity

VIEs are entities that lack sufficient equity to finance their activities without additional financial support from other parties or whose equity holders lack adequate decision-making ability. Any VIE with which the Company is involved must be evaluated to determine the primary beneficiary of the risks and rewards of the VIE. Management makes ongoing reassessments of whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of Shenzhen Lorain.beneficiary.

On December 14, 2017, the Company formed Shenzhen Lorain as a limited company under the laws of the PRC. Through Shandong Greenpia, the Company entered into exclusive arrangementsVIE agreements with Lorain Food (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. (“Shenzhen LorainLorain”) and its shareholders that give the Company the ability to substantially influence Shenzhen Lorain’s daily operations and financial affairs and appoint its senior executives. The Company is considered the primary beneficiary of Shenzhen Lorain and it consolidates its accounts as a VIE. The Company’s arrangements with Shenzhen Lorain consist of the following agreements:

On September 27, 2018, the above agreements were terminated due to the Company’s restructuring and Shenzhen Lorain was no longer a variable interest entity under Shandong Greenpia.

On September 27, 2018, through Shanghai Xunyang Internet Technology Co. Ltd., the Company entered into exclusive arrangements with Beijing Lorain Co., Ltd., Luotian Lorain Co., Ltd., Shandong Greenpia Foodstuff Co., Ltd., Taishan Muren Agriculture Co. Ltd., and Lorain Foodstuff (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. and its shareholders that give the Company the ability to substantially influence Shenzhen Lorain’s daily operations and financial affairs and appoint its senior executives. The Company is considered the primary beneficiary of these companies and it consolidates its accounts as a VIE. The Company’s arrangements with Beijing Lorain Co., Ltd., Luotian Lorain Co., Ltd., Shandong Greenpia Foodstuff Co., Ltd., Taishan Muren Agriculture Co. Ltd., and Lorain Foodstuff (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. consist of the following agreements:

As of September 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, the following entities were de-consolidated from the structure as a result of the sale agreement executed on September 28, 2018:

Discontinued operations

In 2017, the Company discontinued the operations in Shandong Lorain Co. Ltd. and Dongguan Lorain Co., Ltd. As a result, the financial results of these two subsidiaries are presented as discontinued operations.

In the first quarter of 2018, the Company’s board of directors resolved to discontinue the operations of Junan Hongrun Foodstuff Co. Ltd.

As of September 30, 2018, the Company disposed International Lorain Holding Inc. and its subsidiaries: Junan Hongrun Foodstuff Co., Ltd., Shandong Lorain Co., Ltd., Dongguan Lorain Co., Ltd. as a result of the sale agreement. Refer

In the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company’s board of directors resolved to Form 8-K filed on October 2, 2018.discontinue the operations of Beijing Lorain Co, Ltd., Luotian Lorain Co., Ltd., and Shandong Greenpia Foodstuff Co., Ltd.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Management makes these estimates using the best information available at the time the estimates are made; however, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

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Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Investment securities

The Company classifies securities it holds for investment purposes into trading or available-for-sale. Trading securities are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term. All securities not included in trading securities are classified as available-for-sale.

Trading and available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses on trading securities are included in the net income. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, on available for sale securities are excluded from net income and are reported as a separate component of other comprehensive income until realized. Realized gains and losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities are determined on a specific-identification basis.

A decline in the market value of any available-for-sale security below cost that is deemed to be other-than-temporary results in a reduction in carrying amount to fair value. The impairment is charged as an expense to the statement of income and comprehensive income and a new cost basis for the security is established. To determine whether impairment is other-than-temporary, the Company considers whether it has the ability and intent to hold the investment until a market price recovery and considers whether evidence indicating the cost of the investment is recoverable outweighs evidence to the contrary. Evidence considered in this assessment includes the reasons for the impairment, the severity and duration of the impairment, changes in value subsequent to year end, and forecasted performance of the investee.

Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the life of the related available-for-sale security as an adjustment to yield using the effective-interest method. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned.

Trade receivables

Trade receivables are recognized and carried at the original invoice amount less allowance for any uncollectible amounts. An estimate for doubtful accounts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred.

Inventories

Inventories consist of raw materials and finished goods which are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Finished goods are comprised of direct materials, direct labor, inbound shipping costs, and allocated overhead. The Company applies the weighted average cost method to its inventory.

Advances and prepayments to suppliers

The Company makes advance payment to suppliers and vendors for the procurement of raw materials. Upon physical receipt and inspection of the raw materials from suppliers the applicable amount is reclassified from advances and prepayments to suppliers to inventory.

Plant and equipment

Plant and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method. The Company typically applies a salvage value of 0% to 10%. The estimated useful lives of the plant and equipment are as follows:

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The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts, and any gain or loss are included in the Company’s results of operations. The costs of maintenance and repairs are recognized to expenses as incurred; significant renewals and betterments are capitalized.

Construction in progress and prepayments for equipment

Construction in progress and prepayments for equipment represent direct and indirect acquisition and construction costs for plants, and costs of acquisition and installation of related equipment. Amounts classified as construction in progress and prepayments for equipment are transferred to plant and equipment when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare the assets for their intended use are completed. Depreciation is not provided for assets classified in this account.

Land use rights

Land use rights are carried at cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over a specified period. Amortization is provided using the straight-line method over 40-50 years.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired in a business combination. The Company conducts an annual assessment of its goodwill for impairment. If the carrying value of its goodwill exceeds its fair value, then impairment has incurred; accordingly, a charge to the Company’s results of operations will be recognized during the period. Fair value is generally determined using a discounted expected future cash flow analysis.

Accounting for the impairment of long-lived assets

The Company annually reviews its long-lived assets for impairment or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable. Impairment may be the result of becoming obsolete from a change in the industry, introduction of new technologies, or if the Company has inadequate working capital to utilize the long-lived assets to generate the adequate profits. Impairment is present if the carrying amount of an asset is less than its expected future undiscounted cash flows.

If an asset is considered impaired, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair market value of the asset. Assets to be disposed are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

Statutory reserves

Statutory reserves are referring to the amount appropriated from the net income in accordance with laws or regulations, which can be used to recover losses and increase capital, as approved, and are to be used to expand production or operations. PRC laws prescribe that an enterprise operating at a profit must appropriate and reserve, on an annual basis, an amount equal to 10% of its profit. Such an appropriation is necessary until the reserve reaches a maximum that is equal to 50% of the enterprise’s PRC registered capital.

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Foreign currency translation

The accompanying financial statements are presented in United States dollars. The functional currencies of the Company are the Renminbi (RMB). The Company’s assets and liabilities are translated into United States dollars from RMB at year-end exchange rates, and its revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. Capital accounts are translated at their historical exchange rates when the capital transactions occurred.

The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currencies and all foreign exchange transactions must be conducted through authorized financial institutions.

Revenue recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of arrangement exists, the price has been fixed or is determinable, the delivery has been completed and no other significant obligations of the Company exists, and collectability of payment is reasonably assured. Payments received prior to all of the foregoing criteria are recorded as customer deposits. Recorded revenue is derived from the value of goods invoiced less value-added tax (VAT).

Advertising

All advertising costs are expensed as incurred.

Shipping and handling

All outbound shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred.

Research and development

All research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Retirement benefits

Retirement benefits in the form of mandatory government sponsored defined contribution plans are charged to the either expenses as incurred or allocated to inventory as part of overhead.

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income tax using an asset and liability approach and allows for recognition of deferred tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future realization is uncertain.

Comprehensive income

The Company uses FASB ASC Topic 220, “Reporting Comprehensive Income”. Comprehensive income is comprised of net income and all changes to the statements of stockholders’ equity, except the changes in paid-in capital and distributions to stockholders due to investments by stockholders.

Earnings per share

The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per share”. Basic EPS is measured as the income or loss available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS presents the dilutive effect on a per share basis from the potential conversion of convertible securities or the exercise of options and or warrants; the dilutive effects of potentially convertible securities are calculated using the as-if method; the potentially dilutive effect of options or warrants are calculated using the treasury stock method. Securities that are potentially an anti-dilutive effect (i.e. those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS.

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Financial instruments

The Company’s financial instruments, including cash and equivalents, accounts and other receivables, accounts and other payables, accrued liabilities and short-term debt, have carrying amounts that approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company. ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments,” defines fair value, and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for receivables and current liabilities each qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of their fair values because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:

The Company analyzes all financial instruments with features of both liabilities and equity under ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity,” and ASC 815.

Commitments and contingencies

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated.

Unaudited interim financial information

These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial reporting and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit reduced disclosure for interim periods. Therefore, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. In the opinion of management, all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented have been made. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018.2019.

The consolidated balance sheets and certain comparative information as of December 31, 20172018 are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes for the year ended December 31, 20172018 (“20172018 Annual Financial Statements”), included in the Company’s 20172018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the 20172018 Annual Financial Statements.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment. The updated guidance eliminates Step 2 of the impairment test, which requires entities to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value, determined in Step 1. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on the financial statements of this guidance.

In January 2017, the FASB amended the existing accounting standards for business combinations. The amendments clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses.

The Company is evaluated the timing and the impact of the aforesaid guidance on the financial statements.

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Restricted cash represents interest bearing deposits placed with banks to secure banking facilities in the form of loans and notes payable. The funds are restricted from immediate use and are designated for settlement of loans or notes when they become due.

On September 20, 2018, the Company purchased a short-term debt investment in the amount of USD $3,815,541 (RMB26,200,000) issued by Shenzhen Zhongjin Guotai Equity Investment Fund Management Co., Ltd. The investment bears a fixed return of 8% per annum. The investment matures on December 19, 2018. The Board of Directors approved this transaction as a part of the Company’s cash management and short-term investment strategy.

The Company extends credit terms of 15 to 60 days to the majority of its domestic customers, which include third-party distributors, supermarkets and wholesalers; international customers are typically extended 90 days credit.wholesalers.

Inventories consisted of the following as of September 30, 2018March 31, 2019 and December 31, 20172018

The Company’s investment is comprised of 30% of equity interest in Beijing Lorain after the Company’s restructuring.

Property, plant, and equipment consisted of the following as of September 30, 2018March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2017:2018:

Depreciation expense for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $109,528 and 2017 was $250,591 and $1,497,637,$152,379 respectively.

As of September 30, 2018, other receivables and other current assets was primarily deposits paid to an unrelated party to purchase land use rights and real property.

F-10

All land is owned by the government in China. Land use rights represent the Company’s purchase of usage rights for a parcel of land for a specified duration of time, typically 50 years. Amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $24,291 and $796,811, respectively.

On August 8, 2015, the Company re-organized its French operations by merging the operations of Conserverie Minerve into its immediate parent Athena, and concurrently, Athena wound up and dissolved Conserverie Minerve. Athena subsequently changed its own legal name to Conserverie Minerve and to continue its business. At the date of acquisition, the net liability of Conserverie Minerve was $3,255,911(EUR 2,968,089); the purchase consideration paid for the Athena (aka Conserverie Minerve) was $2,100,000. The acquisition of Athena and its then subsidiaries gave rise to goodwill in the amount of $6,786,928. As of December 31, 2015, the surviving business entity, Conserverie Minerve, on a post merged basis, recognized net operating losses during the year ended December 31, 2015. As of December 31, 2015, the Company was unable to determine if the Conserverie Minerve would be able to generate future profit and positive operating cash flows to justify the carrying value of goodwill in the amount of $6,786,928; accordingly, the Company elected to write-off the goodwill that it had recognized during its acquisition of Conserverie Minerve. Conserverie Minerve had a goodwill of its own that had accumulated over the years as result of its acquisition of subsidiaries; at December 31, 2015, the outstanding balance was $3,219,172. As mentioned in “Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies-Principles of Consolidation”, Conserverie Minerve has been liquidated and the Company no longer has any interest in Conserverie Minerve; accordingly, all remaining goodwill was written off during the year ended December 31, 2017.

Bank loans include bank overdrafts, short-term bank loans, and current portion of long-term loan, which consisted of the following as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

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The short-term loans, which are denominated in Renminbi and Euros, were primarily obtained for general working capital. If not otherwise specifically indicated above, short-term bank loans are guaranteed either by other companies within the group, or by personnel in senior management positions within the group. As of September 30, 2018, all short-term loans have been in default and have not been repaid. The Company is in negotiations to renew these loans or modify the repayment terms and principal amount due.

As of September 30, 2018, as a result of the disposal of International Lorain Holding Inc. and its subsidiaries: Junan Hongrun Foodstuff Co., Ltd., Shandong Lorain Co., Ltd., Dongguan Lorain Co., Ltd., the Company is no longer liable for certain bank loans as they have been transferred to Mr. Si Chen, the former chairman.

Current portions of notes payable, debentures, and long-term debt consisted of the following as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

The Company began repaying principal and interest on the loan with DEG in semi-annual installments on December 15, 2012. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had not repaid any principal nor interest. The loan was collateralized with the following terms:

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As a result of disposal of International Lorain and the subsidiaries, The Company is in default of the debentures that were issued by Guoyuan Securities and Daiwa SSC Securities and negotiating with the debenture holders to extend repayment terms.

As of September 30, 2018, as a result of the disposal of International Lorain Holding Inc. and its subsidiaries: Junan Hongrun Foodstuff Co., Ltd., Shandong Lorain Co., Ltd., Dongguan Lorain Co., Ltd., the Company is no longer liable for certain bank loans as they have been transferred to Mr. Si Chen, the former chairman.

On December 28, 2017, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement, pursuant to which Yi Li and Beili Zhu, each an individual residing in the People’s Republic of China, agreed to invest an aggregate of $1.275 million in the Company in exchange for an aggregate of 300,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, representing a purchase price of $4.25 per share. The transaction closed on January 23, 2018.

On April 14, 2018, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement, pursuant to which Zongqi Shi, Aidi Zhang, Qiong Chen, Yi Li, Beili Zhu, Yanbo Wang, Jinhui Chen and Guoyang Zeng, each an individual residing in the People’s Republic of China, agreed to invest an aggregate of $1.629 million in the Company in exchange for an aggregate of 362,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, representing a  purchase price of $4.50 per share. The transaction closed on August 10, 2018.

On April 24, 2018, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement, pursuant to which Xiupin Cai, an individual residing in the People’s Republic of China, agreed to invest an aggregate of $1,800,000 million in the Company in exchange for an aggregate of 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, representing a purchase price of $4.50 per share. The transaction closed on August 10, 2018.

On July 12, 2018, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement, pursuant to which Yunpeng Zhang and Zhongquan Sun, individuals residing in the People’s Republic of China, agreed to invest an aggregate of $750,000 in the Company in exchange for an aggregate of 150,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, representing a purchase price of $5.00 per share. The transaction closed on August 2, 2018.

On September 25, 2018, the Company and Shanghai Xunyang Internet Technology Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a Share Exchange Agreement with Taishan Muren Agriculture Co. Ltd., a limited liability company registered in China, and Shenzhen Jiamingrui New Agriculture Co., Ltd., a limited liability company registered in China, the sole shareholder of the Taishan Muren Agriculture Co. Ltd., pursuant to which, among other things and subject to the terms and conditions contained therein, the Subsidiary agreed to effect an acquisition of Taishan Muren Agriculture Co. Ltd. by acquiring from Shenzhen Jiamingrui New Agriculture Co., Ltd. all outstanding equity interests of Taishan Muren Agriculture Co. Ltd.

Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, in exchange for the transfer of all of the outstanding shares of Taishan Muren Agriculture Co. Ltd, the Company agreed to issue 400,000 shares, a post-reverse stock split amount, of the Company’s common stock to Shenzhen Jiamingrui New Agriculture Co., Ltd. The share issuance was accounted for as of September 30, 2018 although the shares for subsequently issued on October 1, 2018.

On September 28, 2018, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to effect a reverse stock split of its common stock at a ratio of twenty-five-for-one (25-for-1). The financing transactions listed above are presented as of the reverse stock split had already taken place.

There were 3,143,141 shares of common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2018, which includes the 400,000 shares issued to Shenzhen Jiamingrui New Agriculture Co., Ltd. for the acquisition of Taishan Muren Agriculture Co. Ltd.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2018, the Company had not issued shares as stock compensation to employees.

All of the Company’s continuing operations are located in the PRC. The corporate income tax rate in the PRC is 25%.

The following tables provide the reconciliation of the differences between the statutory and effective tax expenses following as of September 30, 2018for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2017:2018:

Per Share Effect of Tax Exemption

The difference between the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and the Company’s effective tax rate was as follows of September 30, 2018for the Three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2017:2018:

F-13

Components of basic and diluted earnings per share were as follows:

F-14

For the year ended December 31, 2016, the CompanyTaishan Muren Agriculture Co., Ltd. entered into four operating lease agreements leasing two plots of land where biological assets are grown, two offices, and farming facilities. For the year ended December 31, 2017, Taishan Muren Agriculture Co. Ltd. entered into three operating lease agreements leasing three additional plots of land where biological assets are grown. For the year ended December 31, 2018

The leases entered and expires as follows:

The minimum future lease payments for these properties at September 30, 2018March 31, 2019 are as follows:

The outstanding lease commitments for the leases listed above as of September 30,March 31, 2019 was $2,511,333.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842).” The new standard requires lessees to recognize lease assets (right of use) and lease obligations (lease liability) for leases previously classified as operating leases under generally accepted accounting principles on the balance sheet for leases with terms in excess of 12 months. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, was $2,737,534.including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is assessing the impact of the adoption of the new standard.

F-15

Other expenses consisted of the following:

As of December 31, 2018, the Company has reclassified the results of operations and the financial position of Luotian Lorain and Shandong Greenpia as discontinued operations. Selected details regarding those discontinued operations are provided below. Selected details regarding those discontinued operations are provided below.

The Company’s deposits are made with banks located in the PRC. They do not carry federal deposit insurance and may be subject to loss of the banks become insolvent.

Since the Company’s inception, the age of account receivables has been less than one year indicating that the Company is subject to minimal risk borne from credit extended to customers.

The company is subject to interest rate risk when short term loans become due and require refinancing.

The Company’s operations are conducted in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced by changes in the political, economic, and legal environments in the PRC.

The Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to special considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America and Western Europe. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environment and foreign currency exchange. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in the political and social conditions in the PRC, and by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion, remittances abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

The Company has procured environmental licenses required by the PRC government. The Company has both a water treatment facility for water used in its production process and secure transportation to remove waste off site. In the event of an accident, the Company has purchased insurance to cover potential damage to employees, equipment, and local environment.

F-16

Management monitors changes in prices levels. Historically inflation has not materially impacted the company’s financial statements; however, significant increases in the price of raw materials and labor that cannot be passed to the Company’s customers could adversely impact the Company’s results of operations.

On August 8, 2018,April 10, 2019, the Company’s executive officers determined to dispose the discontinued subsidiaries, Luotian Green Foodstuff Co., Ltd. and Shandong Greenpia Foodstuff Co., Ltd. for the interests of the Company and its stockholders.

On April 29, 2019, the Company issued a press release (the “Press Release”) announcing that on April 26, 2019, the NYSE American LLC (“NYSE American”) notified the Company that the Company had regained compliance with the NYSE American listing requirements because it has resolved the continued listing deficiency with respect to Section 1003(a)(i) and Section 1003(a)(ii) of the NYSE American Company Guide.

On May 9, 2019, the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary Shanghai Xunyang Internet Technology Co., Ltd. (“Subsidiary”) entered into an amendeda Share Exchange Agreement with Xianning Bozhuang Tea Products Co., Ltd. (“Target”) and restated securities purchase agreement with Yimin Jin,each of the Company’s chief strategy officershareholders of Target (collectively, “Sellers”). Such transaction closed on May 14, 2019. Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, the Subsidiary acquired all outstanding equity interests of Target, a company that produces tea products and director, and Hongxiang Yu,sells such products in China. Pursuant to the Company’s chairman, chief executive officer and president (collectively,Share Exchange Agreement, the “purchasers”), pursuant to which the purchasers agreed to investCompany issued an aggregate of $10 million in1,080,000 shares of common stock of the Company in exchange for an aggregate of 2,352,942 shares (on a post-reverse stock split basis) ofto the Company’s common stock, representing a purchase price of approximately $4.25 per share.

On October 16, 2018, the Company closed the Financing, which was approved at the Company's 2018 annual meeting of stockholders held on September 26, 2018. At the closing, the Company received gross proceeds of $10,000,000 in the aggregate,Sellers in exchange for the issuancetransfer of all of the shares.equity interest of the Target to the Subsidiary.

ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Overview

Overview

Historically, we have been an integrated food manufacturing company

We are headquartered in Shanghai, China. We have developed, manufactured and soldSince the following typesrestructuring of food products:our company in September 2018, our primary business, which is carried out by Taishan Muren, our newly acquired business, is:

We conduct our production activities in China. Our products are sold in the Chinese domestic markets.

Following our recent restructuring and acquisition, which are described below under “—Recent Developments,” we still maintain certain of our old operations and also grow various spice plants and fruit trees, and sell such products, in China.

Recent Developments

Financings

On July 12, 2018, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Yunpeng Zhang and Zhongquan Sun, who agreed to invest an aggregate of $750,000 in the Company in exchange for an aggregate of 150,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, representing a purchase price of $5.00 per share. This financing closed on August 2, 2018.

On August 8, 2018, the Company entered into an amended and restated securities purchase agreement with Yimin Jin, the Company’s chief strategy officer and director, and Hongxiang Yu, the Company’s chairman, chief executive officer and president (collectively, the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Purchasers agreed to invest an aggregate of $10 million in the Company in exchange for an aggregate of 2,352,942 shares (on a post-reverse stock split basis) of the Company’s common stock (the “Shares”), representing a purchase price of approximately $4.25 per share (the “Financing”). On October 16, 2018, the Company closed the Financing, which was approved at the Company's 2018 annual meeting of stockholders held on September 26, 2018. At the closing, the Company received gross proceeds of $10,000,000 in the aggregate, in exchange for the issuance of the Shares.

Sale Transaction

On August 8, 2018, the Company, Si Chen, and the Company’s direct and indirect subsidiaries, Planet Green Holdings Corp., 100% owned by the Company (“Planet Green”), Junan Hongrun Foodstuff Co., Ltd. (“Junan”), Shandong Lorain Co., Ltd. (“Shandong Lorain”), International Lorain Holdings, Inc., 100% owned by the Company (“ILH”), Shandong Greenpia Foodstuff Co., Ltd. (“Shandong Greenpia”), Beijing Lorain Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Lorain”) and Luotian Lorain Co., Ltd. (“Luotian Lorain”) entered into a share exchange agreement (the “Sale Agreement”). The Sale Agreement provided for:

On September 26, 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved the Sale Transaction and related proposals at the Annual Meeting. On September 28, 2018, the Company closed the Sale Transaction.

Acquisition Transaction

On September 25, 2018, the Company and Shanghai Xunyang Internet Technology Co., Ltd. (“Xunyang”), a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a Share Exchange Agreement (the “Acquisition Agreement”) with Taishan Muren Agriculture Co. Ltd., a limited liability company registered in China (“Target”), and Shenzhen Jiamingrui New Agriculture Co., Ltd., a limited liability company registered in China (the “Seller”), the sole shareholder of the Target, pursuant to which, among other things and subject to the terms and conditions contained therein, Xunyang agreed to effect an acquisition of Target by acquiring from the Seller all outstanding equity interests of Target (the “Acquisition Transaction”). Target grows various spice plants and fruit trees and sells such products in China.

Pursuant to the Acquisition Agreement, in exchange for the transfer of all of the outstanding shares of Target to the Subsidiary, the Company agreed to issue 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to the Seller. On September 28, 2018, the Company closed the Acquisition Transaction.

Management Changes

On September 26, 2018, at the Annual Meeting, the Company’s stockholders elected Hongxiang Yu, Yimin Jin, Yuguo Zhang, Yilei Shao and Guangming Fang to serve as directors of the Company for a one-year term, expiring at the Company’s 2019 annual meeting. Hongxiang Yu was also elected to serve as the Chairman of the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”). As of September 26, 2018, Si Chen and Maoquan Wei are no longer members of the Board.

On September 27, 2018, Si Chen resigned as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and President, and Yunqiang Sun resigned as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.

On September 27, 2018, the Board appointed Hongxiang Yu to serve as the Chief Executive Officer and President of the Company and Yu Li as the Chief Financial Officer.

Reverse Stock Split

On September 28, 2018, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment (the “Certificate of Amendment”) to its Articles of Incorporation (as amended, the “Charter”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to: (i) change the Company’s name from “American Lorain Corporation” to “Planet Green Holdings Corp.” and (ii) effect a reverse stock split of its common stock at a ratio of twenty-five-for-one (25-for-1).

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018March 31, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018

The following table summarizes the results of our operations during the three-month periods ended September 30,March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, and September 30, 2017, respectively, and provides information regarding the dollar and percentage increase or (decrease) from the three-month period ended September 30, 2018March 31, 2019 compared to the three month period ended September 30, 2017.March 31, 2018.

(All amounts, other than percentages, stated in thousands of U.S. dollars)