UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-35727

Netflix, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware			77-0467272
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

100 Winchester Circle,	Los Gatos,	California	95032
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip Code)

(408) 540-3700

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share	NFLX	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large Accelerated Filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, there were ~~439,780,618~~441,795,008 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001, outstanding.

Table of Contents



		Page
	Part I. Financial Information
Item 1.	Consolidated Financial Statements

	Consolidated Statements of Operations	3
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	4
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	5
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	6
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity	7
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	2934
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	2934
	Part II. Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	2934
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	3035
Item 6.	Exhibits	3035
Exhibit Index		3136
Signatures		3136

NETFLIX, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019
Revenues	$	5,767,691		$	4,520,992		$	6,435,637		$	5,244,905		$	18,351,614		$	14,689,013
Cost of revenues	3,599,701			2,870,614			3,867,751			3,097,919			11,111,159			8,974,190
Marketing	503,830			616,578			527,597			553,797			1,465,797			1,773,525
Technology and development	453,817			372,764			453,802			379,776			1,342,664			1,135,773
General and administrative	252,087			201,952			271,624			233,174			800,947			659,783
Operating income	958,256			459,084			1,314,863			980,239			3,631,047			2,145,742
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(184,083		)	(135,529		)	(197,079		)	(160,660		)	(570,313		)	(448,222		)
Interest and other income (expense)	21,697			76,104			(256,324		)	192,744			(367,802		)	215,378
Income before income taxes	795,870			399,659			861,460			1,012,323			2,692,932			1,912,898
Provision for income taxes	86,803			55,607			71,484			347,079			473,693			632,952
Net income	$	709,067		$	344,052		$	789,976		$	665,244		$	2,219,239		$	1,279,946

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	1.61		$	0.79		$	1.79		$	1.52		$	5.04		$	2.93
Diluted	$	1.57		$	0.76		$	1.74		$	1.47		$	4.89		$	2.83
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic	439,352			436,947			441,526			438,090			440,486			437,547
Diluted	452,494			451,922			455,088			451,552			453,846			451,896

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

NETFLIX, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(unaudited)

(in thousands)


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019			September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
Net income	$	709,067		$	344,052		$	789,976	$	665,244		$	2,219,239	$	1,279,946
Other comprehensive loss:
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(23,533		)	(6,018		)	32,925		(20,894		)	22,374		(21,664		)
Comprehensive income	$	685,534		$	338,034		$	822,901	$	644,350		$	2,241,613	$	1,258,282

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

NETFLIX, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

(in thousands)


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	709,067		$	344,052		$	789,976		$	665,244		$	2,219,239		$	1,279,946
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Additions to content assets	(3,294,275		)	(2,997,746		)	(2,653,886		)	(3,648,292		)	(8,458,943		)	(9,971,141		)
Change in content liabilities	258,945			(14,698		)	(379,458		)	(95,548		)	(228,945		)	(122,660		)
Amortization of content assets	2,483,385			2,124,686			2,733,743			2,279,977			7,824,287			6,636,578
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and intangibles	28,517			23,561			28,589			26,704			83,767			75,761
Stock-based compensation expense	97,019			101,200			106,357			100,262			307,586			305,310
Other non-cash items	65,448			45,708			83,851			57,934			219,600			164,337
Foreign currency remeasurement gain on debt	(93,060		)	(57,600		)
Foreign currency remeasurement loss (gain) on debt							249,194			(171,360		)	275,295			(167,676		)
Deferred taxes	46,619			6,627			(40,277		)	52,105			229,650			94,251
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Other current assets	(127,353		)	(32,076		)	(22,974		)	145			(147,261		)	(56,162		)
Accounts payable	(149,153		)	(124,467		)	111,677			(7,643		)	(149,503		)	(134,784		)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	214,191			157,647			266,027			260,872			374,768			391,814
Deferred revenue	62,008			47,793			10,941			22,729			115,457			154,607
Other non-current assets and liabilities	(41,446		)	(4,486		)	(19,999		)	(44,923		)	(100,248		)	(75,528		)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	259,912			(379,799		)	1,263,761			(501,794		)	2,564,749			(1,425,347		)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(98,015		)	(60,381		)	(109,811		)	(45,333		)	(349,567		)	(145,298		)
Change in other assets	(288		)	(19,722		)	(8,840		)	(4,021		)	(9,388		)	(34,195		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(98,303		)	(80,103		)	(118,651		)	(49,354		)	(358,955		)	(179,493		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of debt							0			0			1,009,464			2,243,196
Debt issuance costs							0			0			(7,559		)	(18,192		)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	43,694			22,972			68,665			11,989			201,419			56,857
Net cash provided by financing activities	43,694			22,972			68,665			11,989			1,203,324			2,281,861
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(70,902		)	(5,014		)	28,459			(29,325		)	(30,624		)	(29,341		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	134,401			(441,944		)	1,242,234			(568,484		)	3,378,494			647,680
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	5,043,786			3,812,041			7,180,046			5,028,205			5,043,786			3,812,041
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	5,178,187		$	3,370,097		$	8,422,280		$	4,459,721		$	8,422,280		$	4,459,721

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

NETFLIX, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and par value data)


	As of						As of
	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019			September 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
	(unaudited)						(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	5,151,884		$	5,018,437		$	8,392,391		$	5,018,437
Other current assets	1,295,897			1,160,067			1,434,089			1,160,067
Total current assets	6,447,781			6,178,504			9,826,480			6,178,504
Content assets, net	25,266,889			24,504,567			25,067,633			24,504,567
Property and equipment, net	650,455			565,221			828,118			565,221
Other non-current assets	2,694,785			2,727,420			2,900,312			2,727,420
Total assets	$	35,059,910		$	33,975,712		$	38,622,543		$	33,975,712
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Current content liabilities	$	4,761,585		$	4,413,561		$	4,599,654		$	4,413,561
Accounts payable	545,488			674,347			541,298			674,347
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	1,061,090			843,043			1,259,124			843,043
Deferred revenue	986,753			924,745			1,040,202			924,745
Short-term debt	498,809			—			499,517			0
Total current liabilities	7,853,725			6,855,696			7,939,795			6,855,696
Non-current content liabilities	3,206,051			3,334,323			2,926,574			3,334,323
Long-term debt	14,170,692			14,759,260			15,547,616			14,759,260
Other non-current liabilities	1,420,148			1,444,276			1,875,235			1,444,276
Total liabilities	26,650,616			26,393,555			28,289,220			26,393,555
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 4,990,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019; 439,780,618 and 438,806,649 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	2,935,532			2,793,929
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 4,990,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019; 441,795,008 and 438,806,649 issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively							3,303,482			2,793,929
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(47,054		)	(23,521		)	(1,147		)	(23,521		)
Retained earnings	5,520,816			4,811,749			7,030,988			4,811,749
Total stockholders’ equity	8,409,294			7,582,157			10,333,323			7,582,157
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	35,059,910		$	33,975,712		$	38,622,543		$	33,975,712

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

NETFLIX, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(unaudited)

(in thousands)


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019
Total stockholders' equity, beginning balances	$	7,582,157		$	5,238,765		$	9,334,753		$	6,105,548		$	7,582,157		$	5,238,765

Common stock and additional paid-in capital:
Beginning balances	$	2,793,929		$	2,315,988		$	3,127,813		$	2,566,365		$	2,793,929		$	2,315,988
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options	44,584			22,585			69,312			11,345			201,967			56,674
Stock-based compensation expense	97,019			101,200			106,357			100,262			307,586			305,310
Ending balance	$	2,935,532		$	2,439,773		$	3,303,482		$	2,677,972		$	3,303,482		$	2,677,972

Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Beginning balances	$	(23,521	)	$	(19,582	)	$	(34,072	)	$	(20,352	)	$	(23,521	)	$	(19,582	)
Other comprehensive loss	(23,533		)	(6,018		)
Other comprehensive income (loss)							32,925			(20,894		)	22,374			(21,664		)
Ending balance	$	(47,054	)	$	(25,600	)	$	(1,147	)	$	(41,246	)	$	(1,147	)	$	(41,246	)

Retained earnings:
Beginning balances	$	4,811,749		$	2,942,359		$	6,241,012		$	3,559,535		$	4,811,749		$	2,942,359
Net income	709,067			344,052			789,976			665,244			2,219,239			1,279,946
Adoption of ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)	—			2,474			—			—			—			2,474
Ending balances	$	5,520,816		$	3,288,885		$	7,030,988		$	4,224,779		$	7,030,988		$	4,224,779

Total stockholders' equity, ending balances	$	8,409,294		$	5,703,058		$	10,333,323		$	6,861,505		$	10,333,323		$	6,861,505

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

NETFLIX, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements of Netflix, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (the “Company”) have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S.”) and are consistent in all material respects with those applied in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on January 29, 2020. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the content asset amortization policy and the recognition and measurement of income tax assets and liabilities. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. On a regular basis, the Company evaluates the assumptions, judgments and estimates. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The interim financial information is unaudited, but reflects all normal recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to fairly present the information set forth herein. The interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results for a full year.

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies as compared to the significant accounting policies described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13, Financial ~~Instruments—~~Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), in order to improve financial reporting of expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit. ASU 2016-13 requires that an entity measure and recognize expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost and replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in prior GAAP with a methodology that requires consideration of a broader range of information to estimate credit losses. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 in the first quarter of 2020 and the impact of the adoption was not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements as credit losses are not expected to be significant based on historical collection trends, the financial condition of payment partners, and external market factors. The Company will continue to actively monitor the impact of the ~~recent~~ coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on expected credit losses.

2. Revenue Recognition

The Company's primary source of revenues is from monthly membership fees. Members are billed in advance of the start of their monthly membership and revenues are recognized ratably over each monthly membership period. Revenues are presented net of the taxes that are collected from members and remitted to governmental authorities. The Company is the principal in all its relationships where partners, including consumer electronics (“CE”) manufacturers, multichannel video programming distributors (“MVPDs”), mobile operators and internet service providers (“ISPs”), provide access to the service as the Company retains control over service delivery to its members. Typically, payments made to the partners, such as for marketing, are expensed, but in the case where the price that the member pays is established by the partners and there is no standalone price for the Netflix service (for instance, in a bundle), these payments are recognized as a reduction of revenues.

The following tables summarize streaming revenue, paid net membership additions, and paid memberships at end of period by region for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, respectively:

United States and Canada (UCAN)


	As of/ Three Months Ended				As of/ Three Months Ended				As of/ Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Revenues	$	2,702,776	$	2,256,851	$	2,933,445	$	2,621,250	$	8,475,891	$	7,379,300
Paid net membership additions	2,307		1,876		177		613		5,419		2,357
Paid memberships at end of period (1)	69,969		66,633		73,081		67,114		73,081		67,114

Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA)


	As of/ Three Months Ended				As of/ Three Months Ended				As of/ Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Revenues	$	1,723,474	$	1,233,379	$	2,019,083	$	1,428,040	$	5,635,094	$	3,980,506
Paid net membership additions	6,956		4,724		759		3,126		10,464		9,537
Paid memberships at end of period (1)	58,734		42,542		62,242		47,355		62,242		47,355

Latin America (LATAM)


	As of/ Three Months Ended				As of/ Three Months Ended				As of/ Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Revenues	$	793,453	$	630,472	$	789,384	$	741,434	$	2,368,205	$	2,049,042
Paid net membership additions	2,901		1,470		256		1,490		4,907		3,303
Paid memberships at end of period (1)	34,318		27,547		36,324		29,380		36,324		29,380

Asia-Pacific (APAC)


	As of/ Three Months Ended				As of/ Three Months Ended				As of/ Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Revenues	$	483,660	$	319,602	$	634,891	$	382,304	$	1,687,691	$	1,051,400
Paid net membership additions	3,602		1,534		1,012		1,543		7,271		3,878
Paid memberships at end of period (1)	19,835		12,141		23,504		14,485		23,504		14,485

(1) A paid membership (also referred to as a paid subscription) is defined as a membership that has the right to receive Netflix service following sign-up and a method of payment being provided, and that is not part of a free trial or other promotional offering by the Company to certain new and rejoining members. A membership is canceled and ceases to be reflected in the above metrics as of the effective cancellation date. Voluntary cancellations generally become effective at the end of the prepaid membership period. Involuntary cancellations, as a result of a failed method of payment, becomes effective immediately. Memberships are assigned to territories based on the geographic location used at time of sign-up as determined by the Company’s internal systems, which utilize industry standard geo-location technology.

Total U.S. revenues, inclusive of DVD revenues not reported in the tables above, were $2.8 billion and $8.0 billion, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, and $2.5 billion and ~~$2.2~~$7.0 billion, respectively, for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.~~September 30, 2019. DVD revenues were ~~$64~~$59 million and ~~$81~~$185 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, and ~~March 31, 2019, respectively.~~$72 million and $229 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Deferred revenue consists of membership fees billed that have not been recognized, as well as gift cards and other prepaid memberships that have not been fully redeemed. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, total deferred revenue was ~~$987~~$1,040 million, the vast majority of which was related to membership fees billed that are expected to be recognized as revenue within the next month. The remaining deferred revenue balance, which is related to gift cards and other prepaid memberships, will be recognized as revenue over the period of service after redemption, which is expected to occur over the next 12 months. The ~~$62~~$115 million increase in deferred revenue as compared to the balance of $925 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 is a result of the increase in membership fees billed due to increased memberships.

3. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of outstanding shares of common stock during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of outstanding shares of common stock and, when dilutive, potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares consist of incremental shares issuable upon the assumed exercise of stock options. The computation of earnings per share is as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands, except per share data)				(in thousands, except per share data)
Basic earnings per share:
Net income	$	709,067	$	344,052	$	789,976	$	665,244	$	2,219,239	$	1,279,946
Shares used in computation:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	439,352		436,947		441,526		438,090		440,486		437,547
Basic earnings per share	$	1.61	$	0.79	$	1.79	$	1.52	$	5.04	$	2.93

Diluted earnings per share:
Net income	$	709,067	$	344,052	$	789,976	$	665,244	$	2,219,239	$	1,279,946
Shares used in computation:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	439,352		436,947		441,526		438,090		440,486		437,547
Employee stock options	13,142		14,975		13,562		13,462		13,360		14,349
Weighted-average number of shares	452,494		451,922		455,088		451,552		453,846		451,896
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.57	$	0.76	$	1.74	$	1.47	$	4.89	$	2.83

Employee stock options with exercise prices greater than the average market price of the common stock were excluded from the diluted calculation as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. The following table summarizes the potential common shares excluded from the diluted calculation:

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2020 March 31,
2019
(in thousands)
Employee stock options 1,516
652



	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020	September 30, 2019	September 30, 2020	September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Employee stock options	124	2,402	560	1,268

4. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The following tables summarize the Company's cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:


	As of March 31, 2020								As of September 30, 2020
	Cash and cash equivalents		Other Current Assets		Non-current Assets		Total		Cash and cash equivalents		Other Current Assets		Non-current Assets		Total
	(in thousands)								(in thousands)
Cash	$	3,100,789	$	2,514	$	23,536	$	3,126,839	$	2,968,826	$	2,761	$	26,875	$	2,998,462
Level 1 securities:
Money market funds	1,751,095		—		253		1,751,348		5,123,565		0		253		5,123,818
Level 2 securities:
Foreign Time Deposits	300,000		—		—		300,000		300,000		0		0		300,000

	$	5,151,884	$	2,514	$	23,789	$	5,178,187	$	8,392,391	$	2,761	$	27,128	$	8,422,280


	As of December 31, 2019								As of December 31, 2019
	Cash and cash equivalents		Other Current Assets		Non-current Assets		Total		Cash and cash equivalents		Other Current Assets		Non-current Assets		Total
	(in thousands)								(in thousands)
Cash	$	3,103,525	$	1,863	$	22,161	$	3,127,549	$	3,103,525	$	1,863	$	22,161	$	3,127,549
Level 1 securities:
Money market funds	1,614,912		—		1,325		1,616,237		1,614,912		0		1,325		1,616,237
Level 2 securities:
Foreign Time Deposits	300,000		—		—		300,000		300,000		0		0		300,000

	$	5,018,437	$	1,863	$	23,486	$	5,043,786	$	5,018,437	$	1,863	$	23,486	$	5,043,786

Other current assets include restricted cash for self insurance. Non-current assets include restricted cash related to workers compensation deposits and letter of credit agreements. The fair value of cash equivalents included in the Level 2 category is based on observable inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets at the measurement date; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly.

See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the fair value of the Company’s senior notes.

There were no material gross realized gains or losses in the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

5. Balance Sheet Components

Content Assets, Net

Content assets consisted of the following:


	As of				As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Licensed content, net	$	14,637,502	$	14,703,352	$	14,297,143	$	14,703,352

Produced content, net
Released, less amortization	4,638,736		4,382,685		5,186,247		4,382,685
In production	5,282,350		4,750,664		4,696,990		4,750,664
In development and pre-production	708,301		667,866		887,253		667,866
	10,629,387		9,801,215		10,770,490		9,801,215

Total	$	25,266,889	$	24,504,567	$	25,067,633	$	24,504,567

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, approximately ~~$5,736~~$5,743 million, ~~$3,760~~$3,675 million, and ~~$2,478~~$2,264 million of the ~~$14,638~~$14,297 million unamortized cost of the licensed content is expected to be amortized in each of the next three years. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, approximately ~~$1,645~~$1,894 million, ~~$1,276~~$1,465 million, and ~~$941~~$1,025 million of the ~~$4,639~~$5,186 million unamortized cost of the produced content that has been released is expected to be amortized in each of the next three years.

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, the amount of accrued participations and residuals was not material.

The following table represents the amortization of content assets:


	Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Licensed content	$	1,860,170	$	1,774,289	$	1,885,259	$	1,810,757
Produced content	623,215		350,397		848,484		469,220
Total	$	2,483,385	$	2,124,686	$	2,733,743	$	2,279,977



	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Licensed content	$	5,628,499	$	5,382,225
Produced content	2,195,788		1,254,353
Total	$	7,824,287	$	6,636,578

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment and accumulated depreciation consisted of the following:


	As of							As of
	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019			Estimated Useful Lives	September 30, 2020			December 31, 2019			Estimated Useful Lives
	(in thousands)							(in thousands)
Land	$	6,125		$	6,125			$	13,560		$	6,125
Buildings	34,459			33,141			30 years	41,894			33,141			30 years
Leasehold improvements	361,648			354,999			Over life of lease	387,172			354,999			Over life of lease
Furniture and fixtures	87,925			87,465			3-15 years	95,240			87,465			3-15 years
Information technology	249,440			243,565			3 years	264,358			243,565			3 years
Corporate aircraft	109,619			108,995			8 years	110,621			108,995			8 years
Machinery and equipment	43,776			46,415			3-5 years	44,111			46,415			3-5 years
Capital work-in-progress	194,019			100,521				345,347			100,521
Property and equipment, gross	1,087,011			981,226				1,302,303			981,226
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(436,556		)	(416,005		)		(474,185		)	(416,005		)
Property and equipment, net	$	650,455		$	565,221			$	828,118		$	565,221

Leases

The Company has entered into operating leases primarily for real estate. These operating leases are included in "Other non-current assets" on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets, and represent the Company’s right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The Company’s obligations to make lease payments are included in "Accrued expenses and other liabilities" and "Other non-current liabilities" on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, total right-of-use assets were approximately ~~$1,502~~$1,939 million and total operating lease liabilities were approximately ~~$1,596~~$2,090 million, of which ~~$196~~$237 million and ~~$1,400~~$1,853 million were classified in "Accrued expenses and other liabilities" and "Other non-current liabilities", respectively. As of December 31, 2019, total right-of-use assets were approximately $1,532 million and total operating lease liabilities were approximately $1,613 million, of which $190 million and $1,423 million were classified in "Accrued expenses and other liabilities" and "Other non-current liabilities", respectively. The Company has entered into various short-term operating leases, primarily for marketing billboards, with an initial term of twelve months or less. These leases are not recorded on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. All operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Because the rate implicit in each lease is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of the lease payments.

Information related to the Company's right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities were as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	$	57,490	$	37,653	$	70,917	$	51,767
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease obligations ~~(1)~~	51,824		842,395		175,901		77,549



	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	$	187,880	$	130,740
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease obligations (1)	592,331		1,150,443

(1) In the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, the balance includes $743 million for operating leases existing on January 1, 2019. The $592 million in additions in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 primarily relate to the additions of corporate office space.

Other Current Assets

Other current assets consisted of the following:


	As of				As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Trade receivables	$	539,916	$	454,399	$	604,789	$	454,399
Prepaid expenses	214,350		180,999		209,218		180,999
Other receivables	541,631		524,669
Other					620,082		524,669
Total other current assets	$	1,295,897	$	1,160,067	$	1,434,089	$	1,160,067

6. Debt

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, the Company had aggregate outstanding notes of ~~$14,670~~$16,047 million, net of ~~$110~~$111 million of issuance costs, with varying maturities (the "Notes"). Of the outstanding balance, ~~$499~~$500 million, net of issuance costs, is classified as short-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had aggregate outstanding long-term notes of $14,759 million, net of $114 million of issuance costs. Each of the Notes were issued at par and are senior unsecured obligations of the Company. Interest is payable semi-annually at fixed rates. A portion of the outstanding notes is denominated in foreign currency (comprised of ~~€4,700~~€5,170 million) and is remeasured into U.S. dollars at each balance sheet date (with remeasurement ~~gain~~loss totaling ~~$93~~$249 million and $275 million, respectively, for the ~~quarter~~three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020).

The following table provides a summary of the Company's outstanding debt and the fair values based on quoted market prices in less active markets as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:


	Principal Amount at Par						Level 2 Fair Value as of				Principal Amount at Par						Level 2 Fair Value as of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		Issuance Date	Maturity	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		Issuance Date	Maturity	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(in millions)						(in millions)				(in millions)						(in millions)
5.375% Senior Notes	$	500	$	500	February 2013	February 2021	$	507	$	518	$	500	$	500	February 2013	February 2021	$	507	$	518
5.500% Senior Notes	700		700		February 2015	February 2022	722		744		700		700		February 2015	February 2022	736		744
5.750% Senior Notes	400		400		February 2014	March 2024	426		444		400		400		February 2014	March 2024	445		444
5.875% Senior Notes	800		800		February 2015	February 2025	847		896		800		800		February 2015	February 2025	906		896
3.000% Senior Notes (1)											551		0		April 2020	June 2025	575		0
3.625% Senior Notes ~~(1)~~											500		0		April 2020	June 2025	523		0
4.375% Senior Notes	1,000		1,000		October 2016	November 2026	1,018		1,026		1,000		1,000		October 2016	November 2026	1,092		1,026
3.625% Senior Notes ~~(1)~~	1,433		1,459		May 2017	May 2027	1,433		1,565		1,523		1,459		May 2017	May 2027	1,651		1,565
4.875% Senior Notes	1,600		1,600		October 2017	April 2028	1,632		1,670		1,600		1,600		October 2017	April 2028	1,800		1,670
5.875% Senior Notes	1,900		1,900		April 2018	November 2028	2,047		2,111		1,900		1,900		April 2018	November 2028	2,269		2,111
4.625% Senior Notes (1)	1,212		1,234		October 2018	May 2029	1,246		1,378		1,289		1,234		October 2018	May 2029	1,495		1,378
6.375% Senior Notes	800		800		October 2018	May 2029	883		916		800		800		October 2018	May 2029	989		916
3.875% Senior Notes (1)	1,323		1,346		April 2019	November 2029	1,303		1,429		1,406		1,346		April 2019	November 2029	1,556		1,429
5.375% Senior Notes	900		900		April 2019	November 2029	942		960		900		900		April 2019	November 2029	1,062		960
3.625% Senior Notes (1)	1,212		1,234		October 2019	June 2030	1,191		1,273		1,289		1,234		October 2019	June 2030	1,402		1,273
4.875% Senior Notes	1,000		1,000		October 2019	June 2030	1,024		1,019		1,000		1,000		October 2019	June 2030	1,142		1,019
	$	14,780	$	14,873							$	16,158	$	14,873			$	18,150	$	15,949

(1) The following Senior Notes have a principal amount denominated in euro: 3.000% Senior Notes for €470 million, 3.625% Senior Notes for €1,300 million, 4.625% Senior Notes for €1,100 million, 3.875% Senior Notes for €1,200 million, and 3.625% Senior Notes for €1,100 million.

The expected timing of principal and interest payments for these Notes are as follows:


	As of				As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Less than one year	$	1,233,206	$	736,969	$	1,258,639	$	736,969
Due after one year and through three years	2,060,732		2,581,471		2,136,439		2,581,471
Due after three years and through five years	2,502,066		1,705,201		3,612,818		1,705,201
Due after five years	14,791,650		15,699,800		14,875,099		15,699,800
Total debt obligations	$	20,587,654	$	20,723,441	$	21,882,995	$	20,723,441

Each of the Notes are repayable in whole or in part upon the occurrence of a change of control, at the option of the holders, at a purchase price in cash equal to 101% of the principal plus accrued interest. The Company may redeem the Notes prior to maturity in whole or in part at an amount equal to the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest and an applicable premium. The Notes include, among other terms and conditions, limitations on the Company's ability to create, incur or allow certain liens; enter into sale and lease-back transactions; create, assume, incur or guarantee additional indebtedness of certain of the Company's subsidiaries; and consolidate or merge with, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of the Company's and its subsidiaries assets, to another person. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all related covenants.

Revolving Credit Facility

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, the Company has a $750 million unsecured revolving credit facility ("Revolving Credit Agreement") which matures on March 29, 2024. Revolving loans may be borrowed, repaid and reborrowed until March 29, 2024, at which time all amounts borrowed must be repaid. The Company may use the proceeds of future borrowings under the Revolving Credit Agreement for working capital and general corporate purposes. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, no amounts have been borrowed under the Revolving Credit Agreement.

The borrowings under the Revolving Credit Agreement bear interest, at the Company’s option, of either (i) a floating rate equal to a base rate (the “Alternate Base Rate”) or (ii) a rate equal to an adjusted London interbank offered rate (the “Adjusted LIBO Rate”), plus a margin of 0.75%. The Alternate Base Rate is defined as the greatest of (A) the rate of interest published by the Wall Street Journal, from time to time, as the prime rate, (B) the federal funds rate, plus 0.500% and (C) the Adjusted LIBO Rate for a one-month interest period, plus 1.00%. The Adjusted LIBO Rate is defined as the London interbank offered rate for deposits in U.S. dollars, for the relevant interest period, adjusted for statutory reserve requirements, but in no event shall the Adjusted LIBO Rate be less than 0.00% per annum. Regulatory authorities that oversee financial markets have announced that after the end of 2021, they would no longer compel banks currently reporting information used to set the LIBO Rate to continue to make rate submissions. As a result, it is possible that beginning in 2022, the LIBO Rate will no longer be available as a reference rate. Under the terms of the Company's Revolving Credit Agreement, in the event of the discontinuance of the LIBO Rate, a mutually agreed-upon alternate benchmark rate will be established to replace the LIBO Rate. The Company and Lenders shall in good faith establish an alternate benchmark rate which places the Lenders and the Company in the same economic position that existed immediately prior to the discontinuation of the LIBO Rate. The Company does not anticipate that the discontinuance of the LIBO Rate will materially impact its liquidity or financial position.

The Company is also obligated to pay a commitment fee on the undrawn amounts of the Revolving Credit Agreement at an annual rate of 0.10%. The Revolving Credit Agreement requires the Company to comply with certain covenants, including covenants that limit or restrict the ability of the Company’s subsidiaries to incur debt and limit or restrict the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to grant liens and enter into sale and leaseback transactions; and, in the case of the Company or a guarantor, merge, consolidate, liquidate, dissolve or sell, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all related covenants.

7. Commitments and Contingencies

Content

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, the Company had ~~$19.2~~$19.1 billion of obligations comprised of ~~$4.8~~$4.6 billion included in "Current content liabilities" and ~~$3.2~~$2.9 billion of "Non-current content liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and ~~$11.2~~$11.6 billion of obligations that are not reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as they did not yet meet the criteria for asset recognition.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had $19.5 billion of obligations comprised of $4.4 billion included in "Current content liabilities" and $3.3 billion of "Non-current content liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and $11.8 billion of obligations that are not reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as they did not yet meet the criteria for asset recognition.

The expected timing of payments for these content obligations is as follows:


	As of				As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Less than one year	$	8,618,185	$	8,477,367	$	8,668,296	$	8,477,367
Due after one year and through three years	8,064,206		8,352,731		8,004,624		8,352,731
Due after three years and through five years	1,974,855		2,041,340		1,956,565		2,041,340
Due after five years	516,792		618,644		442,769		618,644
Total content obligations	$	19,174,038	$	19,490,082	$	19,072,254	$	19,490,082

Content obligations include amounts related to the acquisition, licensing and production of content. Obligations that are in non-U.S. dollar currencies are translated to the U.S. dollar at period end rates. An obligation for the production of content includes non-cancelable commitments under creative talent and employment agreements as well as other production related commitments. An obligation for the acquisition and licensing of content is incurred at the time the Company enters into an agreement to obtain future titles. Once a title becomes available, a content liability is recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Certain agreements include the obligation to license rights for unknown future titles, the ultimate quantity and/or fees for which are not yet determinable as of the reporting date. Traditional film output deals, or certain TV series license agreements where the number of seasons to be aired is unknown, are examples of such license agreements. The Company does not include any estimated obligation for these future titles beyond the known minimum amount. However, the unknown obligations are expected to be significant.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, in the normal course of its operations, the Company is subject to litigation matters and claims, including claims relating to employee relations, business practices and patent infringement. Litigation can be expensive and disruptive to normal business operations. Moreover, the results of complex legal proceedings are difficult to predict and the Company's view of these matters may change in the future as the litigation and events related thereto unfold. The Company expenses legal fees as incurred. The Company records a provision for contingent losses when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. An unfavorable outcome to any legal matter, if material, could have an adverse effect on the Company's operations or its financial position, liquidity or results of operations.

The Company is involved in litigation matters not listed herein but does not consider the matters to be material either individually or in the aggregate at this time. The Company's view of the matters not listed may change in the future as the litigation and events related thereto unfold.

Indemnification

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into contractual arrangements under which it has agreed to provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to business partners and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the Company’s breach of such agreements and out of intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In these circumstances, payment may be conditional on the other party making a claim pursuant to the procedures specified in the particular contract.

The Company's obligations under these agreements may be limited in terms of time or amount, and in some instances, the Company may have recourse against third parties for certain payments. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and certain of its officers that will require it, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers. The terms of such obligations vary.

It is not possible to make a reasonable estimate of the maximum potential amount of future payments under these or similar agreements due to the conditional nature of the Company’s obligations and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. NaN amount has been accrued in the accompanying consolidated financial statements with respect to these indemnification obligations.

8. Stockholders’ Equity

Stock Option Plan

InOn June ~~2011,~~4, 2020, the ~~Company~~Company's stockholders approved the 2020 Stock Plan, which was adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors on March 4, 2020 subject to stockholder approval. The 2020 Stock Plan is the successor to the 2011 Stock Plan. The ~~2011~~2020 Stock Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options to employees and for the grant of non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and restricted stock units to employees, directors and consultants. The 2020 Stock plan authorized 17,500,000 new shares to be available for award grants. As of the date the 2020 Stock Plan was adopted by the Company's Board of Directors, 5,530,106 shares were available to be granted under the 2011 Stock Plan. These shares are available for award grants under the 2020 Stock Plan.

A summary of the activities related to the Company’s stock option plans is as follows:


			Options Outstanding						Options Outstanding
	Shares Available for Grant		Number of Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price (per share)		Shares Available for Grant		Number of Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price (per share)
Balances as of December 31, 2019	6,111,561		20,859,326		$	124.28	6,111,561		20,859,326		$	124.28
New Shares Authorized							17,500,000		—		—
Granted	(581,455	)	581,455		354.55		(1,498,232	)	1,498,232		412.45
Exercised	—		(973,969	)	45.77		—		(2,988,359	)	67.58
Expired	—		(48	)	9.96		—		(188	)	13.38
Balances as of March 31, 2020	5,530,106		20,466,764		$	134.56
Vested and exercisable as of March 31, 2020			20,466,764		$	134.56
Balances as of September 30, 2020							22,113,329		19,369,011		$	155.32
Vested and exercisable as of September 30, 2020									19,369,011		$	155.32

The aggregate intrinsic value of the Company's outstanding stock options as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 was ~~$4,937~~$6,684 million and represents the total pretax intrinsic value (the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the ~~first~~third quarter of 2020 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on the last trading day of the ~~first~~third quarter of 2020. This amount changes based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock. The weighted-average remaining contractual term of the Company's outstanding stock options as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 included in the table above was ~~5.57~~5.47 years.

A summary of the amounts related to option exercises, is as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Total intrinsic value of options exercised	$	303,226	$	180,842	$	321,859	$	119,439	$	1,067,241	$	513,213
Cash received from options exercised	43,694		22,972		68,665		11,989		201,419		56,857

Stock-based Compensation

Stock options granted are exercisable for the full ten year contractual term regardless of employment status. The following table summarizes the assumptions used to value option grants using the lattice-binomial model and the valuation data:


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019
Dividend yield	—		%	—		%	0		%	0		%	0		%	0		%
Expected volatility	37		%	41		%	45		%	38		%	37% - 45%			38% - 41%
Risk-free interest rate	1.71		%	2.74		%	0.67		%	1.92		%	0.67% - 1.71%			1.92% - 2.74%
Suboptimal exercise factor	3.34			3.07			3.62			3.19			3.34 - 3.62			3.07 - 3.19
Weighted-average fair value (per share)	$	167		$	163		$	264		$	154		$	205		$	165
Total stock-based compensation expense (in thousands)	$	97,019		$	101,200		$	106,357		$	100,262		$	307,586		$	305,310
Total income tax impact on provision (in thousands)	$	21,309		$	21,628		$	24,292		$	22,679		$	68,435		$	69,152

The Company considers several factors in determining the suboptimal exercise factor, including the historical and estimated option exercise behavior.

The Company calculates expected volatility based solely on implied volatility. The Company believes that implied volatility of publicly traded options in its common stock is more reflective of market conditions, and given consistently high trade volumes of the options, can reasonably be expected to be a better indicator of expected volatility than historical volatility of its common stock.

In valuing shares issued under the Company’s employee stock option plans, the Company bases the risk-free interest rate on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with terms similar to the contractual term of the options. The Company does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future and therefore uses an expected dividend yield of 0 in the option valuation model. The Company does not use a post-vesting termination rate as options are fully vested upon grant date.

9. Income Taxes


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands, except percentages)						(in thousands, except percentages)
Provision for income taxes	$	86,803		$	55,607		$	71,484		$	347,079		$	473,693		$	632,952
Effective tax rate	11		%	14		%	8		%	34		%	18		%	33		%

~~In connection with~~On June 29, 2020, California enacted legislative changes that impose an annual cap of $5 million on the ~~Tax Cuts and Jobs Act~~amount of ~~2017~~business incentive tax credits the Company ~~simplified~~can utilize in California effective for tax years 2020 through 2022.

As of September 30, 2020, the Company had a California research and development ("R&D") credit carryforward of $239 million which can be carried forward indefinitely. In the second quarter of 2020 we evaluated the Company’s ability to realize the California R&D credit, the Company considered all available positive and negative evidence, including operating results, ongoing tax planning, and forecasts of future taxable income and determined it is more likely than not that the pre-2020 credits and a portion of the current year R&D credit would not be realized. In the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance of $239 million. The Company will monitor its ~~global corporate structure, effective April 1, 2019. The~~business strategies, weighing positive and negative evidence in assessing its realization of this asset in the future and in the event there is a need to release the valuation allowance, a tax ~~impacts of such simplifications were not material to the financial statements taken as a whole.~~benefit will be recorded.

The effective tax ~~rate~~rates for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 differed from the Federal statutory rate primarily due to the recognition of excess tax benefits of stock-based compensation, partially offset by the establishment of a valuation allowance on the California R&Dcredit in the second quarter of 2020. The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 differed from the Federal ~~and California research and development (“R&D”) credits,~~statutory rate primarily due to changes from the global corporate structure simplification, state taxes, foreign taxes, non-deductible expenses, and the international provisions of U.S. tax reform that became effective in 2018, partially offset by ~~state taxes, foreign taxes, and non-deductible expenses. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 differed from the Federal statutory rate primarily due to~~ the recognition of excess tax benefits of stock-based compensation, and Federal and California R&D credits ~~and effects of the international tax provisions from U.S. tax reform that became effective in 2018, partially offset by state taxes, foreign taxes, and non-deductible expenses.~~.

The decrease in effective tax ~~rate~~rates for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019 was primarily due to ~~changes from~~ the ~~global corporate structure simplification, offset by a lower benefit on a percentage basis for~~United States Treasury issuance of final regulations that made certain aspects related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 no longer applicable to the Company and the recognition of excess tax benefits of stock-based compensation, ~~and Federal and~~partially offset by the establishment of a valuation allowance on the California R&D ~~credits due to higher pre-tax income.~~credit in the second quarter of 2020. For the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, the Company recognized a discrete tax benefit related to the excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation of ~~$65~~$66 million and $223 million, respectively, compared to the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 of ~~$41 million.~~$27 million and $114 million, respectively.

Gross unrecognized tax benefits were ~~$71~~$85 million and $67 million as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The gross unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized by the Company, will result in a reduction of approximately ~~$60~~$49 million to the provision for income taxes thereby favorably impacting the Company’s effective tax rate. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, gross unrecognized tax benefits of ~~$19~~$24 million were classified as “Other non-current liabilities” and ~~$52~~$30 million as a reduction to deferred tax assets which was classified as "Other non-current assets" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company includes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the "Provision for income taxes" on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and “Other non-current liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interest and penalties included in the Company’s “Provision for income taxes” were not material in any of the periods presented.

Deferred tax assets of ~~$612~~$429 million and $658 million were classified as “Other non-current assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. In evaluating its ability to realize the net deferred tax assets, the Company considered all available positive and negative evidence, including its past operating results and the forecast of future market growth, forecasted earnings, future taxable income, and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. The Company has a valuation allowance of ~~$132~~$371 million and ~~$135~~

$135 million as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The valuation allowance is ~~primarily~~ related to the California R&D credits and certain foreign tax credits that ~~are~~the Company does not ~~likely~~expect to ~~be realized.~~realize.

The Company files U.S. Federal, state and foreign tax returns. The Company is currently under examination by the IRS for 2016 ~~2017,~~through 2018 and ~~2018.~~is subject to examination for 2019. The 2011 through ~~2018~~2019 state tax returns are subject to examination by various state tax authorities. The Company is also currently under examination in the U.K. for 2018 and 2019. The Company has no other significant foreign jurisdiction audits underway. The years 2014 through 2019 remain subject to examination by foreign tax authorities.

Given the potential outcome of the current examinations as well as the impact of the current examinations on the potential expiration of the statute of limitations, it is reasonably possible that the balance of unrecognized tax benefits could significantly change within the next twelve months. At this time, an estimate of the range of reasonably possible adjustments to the balance of unrecognized tax benefits cannot be made.

10. Segment and Geographic Information

The Company operates as 1 operating segment. The Company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM") is its ~~chief~~co-chief executive ~~officer,~~officers, who ~~reviews~~review financial information presented on a consolidated basis for the purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance and allocating resources.

On July 13, 2020, Ted Sarandos was appointed as co-Chief Executive Officer of the Company and serves as Chief Content Officer and co-Chief Executive Officer with Reed Hastings, the Company’s co-Chief Executive Officer, President, and Chairman of the Board. The Company determined that both Mr. Sarandos and Mr. Hastings are its CODM and that there have been no changes to the Company's one operating segment as the Company's financial results continue to be evaluated on a consolidated basis by its CODM.

Total U.S. revenues were $2.8 billion and $8.0 billion, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, and $2.5 billion and ~~$2.2~~$7.0 billion, respectively, for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively.~~September 30, 2019. See Note 2 Revenue Recognition for additional information about streaming revenue by region.

The Company's long-lived tangible assets, as well as the Company's operating lease right-of-use assets recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, were located as follows:


	As of				As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
United States	$	1,573,683	$	1,503,459	$	2,111,158	$	1,503,459
International	579,092		594,047		655,795		594,047


Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to statements regarding: our core strategy; content amortization; impact of recently adopted accounting pronouncements; price changes and testing; dividends; impact of foreign currency and exchange rate fluctuations, including on net income, revenues and average revenues per paying member; deferred revenue; investments in global content, including original content; impact of content and pricing changes on membership growth; the impact of the discontinuance of the LIBO Rate; liquidity, including cash flows from operations, available funds and access to financing sources; net cash provided by (used in) operating activities and free cash flow; unrecognized tax benefits; deferred tax assets; accessing and obtaining additional capital, including use of the debt market; accounting treatment for changes related to content assets; net income; future contractual obligations, including unknown content obligations and timing of payments; membership growth for the remainder of the fiscal year; and the impact of the ~~recent~~ coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and our response to it. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from those included in forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on January 29, 2020, in particular the risk factors discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item ~~IA.~~IA, as updated in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

We assume no obligation to revise or publicly release any revision to any forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless required by law.

Investors and others should note that we announce material financial information to our investors using our investor relations website (netflixinvestor.com), SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls and webcasts. We use these channels, as well as social media, to communicate with our members and the public about our company, our services and other issues. It is possible that the information we post on social media could be deemed to be material information. Therefore, we encourage investors, the media, and others interested in our company to review the information we post on the United States ("U.S.") social media channels listed on our investor relations website.

Overview

We are the world’s leading subscription streaming entertainment service with over ~~182~~195 million paid streaming memberships in over 190 countries enjoying TV series, documentaries and feature films across a wide variety of genres and languages. Members can watch as much as they want, anytime, anywhere, on any internet-connected screen. Members can play, pause and resume watching, all without commercials. Additionally, we continue to offer our legacy DVD-by-mail service in the United States.

We are a pioneer in the delivery of streaming entertainment, launching our streaming service in 2007. Since this launch, we have developed an ecosystem for internet-connected screens and have added increasing amounts of content that enable consumers to enjoy entertainment directly on their internet-connected screens. As a result of these efforts, we have experienced growing consumer acceptance of, and interest in, the delivery of streaming entertainment.

Our core strategy is to grow our streaming membership business globally within the parameters of our operating margin target. We are continuously improving our members' experience by expanding our content with a focus on a programming mix of content that delights our

members and attracts new members. In addition, we are continuously enhancing our user interface and extending our streaming service to more internet-connected screens. Our members can download a selection of titles for offline viewing.

Our membership growth exhibits a seasonal pattern that reflects variations when consumers buy internet-connected screens and when they tend to increase their viewing. Historically, the first and fourth quarters (October through March) represent our greatest streaming membership growth. In addition, our membership growth can be impacted by our content release schedule and changes to pricing.

Results of Operations

The following represents our consolidated performance highlights:


	As of/ Three Months Ended						Change					As of/ Three Months Ended						Change
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			Q1'20 vs. Q1'19					September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			Q3'20 vs. Q3'19
	(in thousands, except revenue per membership and percentages)											(in thousands, except revenue per membership and percentages)
Global Streaming Memberships:
Paid net membership additions	15,766			9,604			6,162			64	%	2,204			6,772			(4,568		)	(67	)%
Paid memberships at end of period	182,856			148,863			33,993			23	%	195,151			158,334			36,817			23	%
Average paying memberships	174,973			144,061			30,912			21	%	194,049			154,948			39,101			25	%
Average monthly revenue per paying membership	$	10.87		$	10.27		$	0.60		6	%	$	10.95		$	11.13		$	(0.18	)	(2	)%

Financial Results:
Streaming revenues	$	5,703,363		$	4,440,304		$	1,263,059		28	%	$	6,376,803		$	5,173,028		$	1,203,775		23	%
DVD revenues	64,328			80,688			(16,360		)	(20	)%	58,834			71,877			(13,043		)	(18	)%
Total revenues	$	5,767,691		$	4,520,992		$	1,246,699		28	%	$	6,435,637		$	5,244,905		$	1,190,732		23	%

Operating income	$	958,256		$	459,084		$	499,172		109	%	$	1,314,863		$	980,239		$	334,624		34	%
Operating margin	16.6		%	10.2		%	6.4		%	63	%	20.4		%	18.7		%	1.7		%	9	%

Paid net membership additions for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 ~~increased 64%~~decreased 67% as compared to the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, ~~as a result of the long term trend toward streaming on demand entertainment and~~ in large extent due to the COVID-19 pandemic which contributed to significant paid net membership additions in the first half of 2020, and ~~resulting local government mandates~~resulted in less growth in the third quarter of ~~home confinement.~~2020 as compared to the prior year. While we are unable to accurately predict the impact of the pandemic on paid net membership additions in subsequent quarters, ~~the pandemic resulted in significant paid net membership additions in the first quarter of 2020 and may result in slower membership~~we expect less growth for the remainder of 2020 as compared to the ~~fiscal~~prior year.

Consolidated revenues for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 increased ~~28%~~23% as compared to the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019. The increase in our consolidated revenues was due to the ~~21%~~25% growth in average paying memberships. The growth in paid memberships ~~and~~was partially offset by a ~~6% increase~~2% decrease in ~~average monthly revenue per paying membership. The increase in~~the average monthly revenue per paying membership resulted from our price changes and plan mix and was partially offset by the timing of paid net membership additions. As the majority of paid net membership additions occurred in the last month of the quarter, the full revenue impact will be reflected in average monthly revenue per paying membership in the second quarter of 2020. The increase in average monthly revenue per paying membership was further offset bydue to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to certain foreign ~~currencies partially due to volatile market conditions arising from the pandemic, which resulted in a reduction to revenue.~~currencies.

The increase in operating margin is primarily due to increased revenues and decreased marketing costs, coupled with technology and development, and general and administrative costs growing at a slower rate as compared to the 23% increase in revenues. The increase in operating margin was partially offset by ~~increased headcount costs and~~ increased content expenses as we continue to acquire, license and produce content, including ~~more Netflix originals. We additionally incurred $218 million in incremental content costs in~~expenses related to the ~~first quarter of 2020 due~~COVID-19 pandemic and expenses related to ~~paused productions and the establishment of a hardship fund to provide relief payments to workers impacted by the pandemic.~~overall deals.

The full extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, operations and financial results will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict. See Item 1A: "Risk Factors" in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 for additional details. In an effort to protect the health and safety of our employees, our workforce has had and continues in most instances to spend a significant amount of time working from home, international travel has been severely curtailed and ~~virtually all~~many of our productions ~~are~~remain paused or continue to experience disruption, as are the productions of our third-party content suppliers. Our other partners have similarly had their operations ~~altered or temporarily suspended,~~disrupted, including those partners that we use for our operations as well as development, production, and post-production of content. ~~We had~~While we and our partners have resumed productions and related operations in many parts of the world, our ability to ~~temporarily reduce~~produce content remains affected by the network traffic of our members in some countries and have seen significant disruption in customer support operations and have increased headcount to meet the growing demand. We additionally have not been able to provide the same level of product features, such as language dubbing, on some new content releases.

pandemic. In an effort to contain COVID-19 or slow its spread, governments around the world have also enacted various measures, some of which have been subsequently rescinded, modified or reinstated, including orders to close all businesses not deemed “essential,” isolate residents to their homes or places of residence, and practice social ~~distancing when engaging in essential activities.~~distancing. We anticipate that these actions and the global health crisis caused by COVID-19, including any resurgences, will continue to negatively impact business activity across the globe. While we have observed demand increases for our streaming entertainment service in the ~~past fiscal~~first half of 2020, we experienced less growth in the third quarter of 2020 and we cannot estimate the impact COVID-19 will have in the future as business and consumer activity decelerates across the globe.

We will continue to actively monitor the situation and may take further actions that alter our business operations as may be required by federal, state, local or foreign authorities, or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, partners and stockholders. It is not clear what the potential effects any such alterations or modifications may have on our business, including the effects on our customers, suppliers or vendors, or on our financial results.

Streaming Revenues

We derive revenues from monthly membership fees for services related to streaming content to our members. We offer a variety of streaming membership plans, the price of which varies by country and the features of the plan. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, pricing on our plans ranged from the U.S. dollar equivalent of $3 to ~~$22~~$24 per month. We expect that from time to time the prices of our membership plans in each country may change and we may test other plan and price variations.

The following tables summarize streaming revenue and other streaming membership information by region for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019.

United States and Canada (UCAN)

Three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019


	As of/ Three Months Ended				Change				As of/ Three Months Ended				Change
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019		Q1'20 vs. Q1'19				September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		Q3'20 vs. Q3'19
	(in thousands, except revenue per membership and percentages)								(in thousands, except revenue per membership and percentages)
Revenues	$	2,702,776	$	2,256,851	$	445,925	20	%	$	2,933,445	$	2,621,250	$	312,195		12	%
Paid net membership additions	2,307		1,876		431		23	%	177		613		(436		)	(71	)%
Paid memberships at end of period	69,969		66,633		3,336		5	%	73,081		67,114		5,967			9	%
Average paying memberships	68,816		65,695		3,121		5	%	72,993		66,808		6,185			9	%
Average monthly revenue per paying membership	$	13.09	$	11.45	$	1.64	14	%	$	13.40	$	13.08	$	0.32		2	%
Constant currency change (1)							14	%								3	%

Nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019



	As of/ Nine Months Ended				Change
	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		YTD'20 vs. YTD'19
	(in thousands, except revenue per membership and percentages)
Revenues	$	8,475,891	$	7,379,300	$	1,096,591	15	%
Paid net membership additions	5,419		2,357		3,062		130	%
Paid memberships at end of period	73,081		67,114		5,967		9	%
Average paying memberships	71,082		66,357		4,725		7	%
Average monthly revenue per paying membership	$	13.25	$	12.36	$	0.89	7	%
Constant currency change (1)							7	%

Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA)

Three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019


	As of/ Three Months Ended				Change				As of/ Three Months Ended				Change
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019		Q1'20 vs. Q1'19				September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		Q3'20 vs. Q3'19
	(in thousands, except revenue per membership and percentages)								(in thousands, except revenue per membership and percentages)
Revenues	$	1,723,474	$	1,233,379	$	490,095	40	%	$	2,019,083	$	1,428,040	$	591,043		41	%
Paid net membership additions	6,956		4,724		2,232		47	%	759		3,126		(2,367		)	(76	)%
Paid memberships at end of period	58,734		42,542		16,192		38	%	62,242		47,355		14,887			31	%
Average paying memberships	55,256		40,180		15,076		38	%	61,863		45,792		16,071			35	%
Average monthly revenue per paying membership	$	10.40	$	10.23	$	0.17	2	%	$	10.88	$	10.40	$	0.48		5	%
Constant currency change (1)							4	%								3	%

Nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019



	As of/ Nine Months Ended				Change
	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		YTD'20 vs. YTD'19
	(in thousands, except revenue per membership and percentages)
Revenues	$	5,635,094	$	3,980,506	$	1,654,588	42	%
Paid net membership additions	10,464		9,537		927		10	%
Paid memberships at end of period	62,242		47,355		14,887		31	%
Average paying memberships	59,076		43,119		15,957		37	%
Average monthly revenue per paying membership	$	10.60	$	10.26	$	0.34	3	%
Constant currency change (1)							5	%

Latin America (LATAM)

Three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019


	As of/ Three Months Ended				Change				As of/ Three Months Ended				Change
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019		Q1'20 vs. Q1'19				September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		Q3'20 vs. Q3'19
	(in thousands, except revenue per membership and percentages)								(in thousands, except revenue per membership and percentages)
Revenues	$	793,453	$	630,472	$	162,981	26	%	$	789,384	$	741,434	$	47,950		6	%
Paid net membership additions	2,901		1,470		1,431		97	%	256		1,490		(1,234		)	(83	)%
Paid memberships at end of period	34,318		27,547		6,771		25	%	36,324		29,380		6,944			24	%
Average paying memberships	32,868		26,812		6,056		23	%	36,196		28,635		7,561			26	%
Average monthly revenue per paying membership	$	8.05	$	7.84	$	0.21	3	%	$	7.27	$	8.63	$	(1.36	)	(16	)%
Constant currency change (1)							12	%								5	%

Nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019



	As of/ Nine Months Ended				Change
	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		YTD'20 vs. YTD'19
	(in thousands, except revenue per membership and percentages)
Revenues	$	2,368,205	$	2,049,042	$	319,163		16	%
Paid net membership additions	4,907		3,303		1,604			49	%
Paid memberships at end of period	36,324		29,380		6,944			24	%
Average paying memberships	34,752		27,722		7,030			25	%
Average monthly revenue per paying membership	$	7.57	$	8.21	$	(0.64	)	(8	)%
Constant currency change (1)								10	%

Asia-Pacific (APAC)

Three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019


	As of/ Three Months Ended				Change					As of/ Three Months Ended				Change
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019		Q1'20 vs. Q1'19					September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		Q3'20 vs. Q3'19
	(in thousands, except revenue per membership and percentages)									(in thousands, except revenue per membership and percentages)
Revenues	$	483,660	$	319,602	$	164,058		51	%	$	634,891	$	382,304	$	252,587		66	%
Paid net membership additions	3,602		1,534		2,068			135	%	1,012		1,543		(531		)	(34	)%
Paid memberships at end of period	19,835		12,141		7,694			63	%	23,504		14,485		9,019			62	%
Average paying memberships	18,034		11,374		6,660			59	%	22,998		13,714		9,284			68	%
Average monthly revenue per paying membership	$	8.94	$	9.37	$	(0.43	)	(5	)%	$	9.20	$	9.29	$	(0.09	)	(1	)%
Constant currency change (1)								(3	)%								(1	)%

Nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019



	As of/ Nine Months Ended				Change
	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		YTD'20 vs. YTD'19
	(in thousands, except revenue per membership and percentages)
Revenues	$	1,687,691	$	1,051,400	$	636,291		61	%
Paid net membership additions	7,271		3,878		3,393			87	%
Paid memberships at end of period	23,504		14,485		9,019			62	%
Average paying memberships	20,732		12,543		8,189			65	%
Average monthly revenue per paying membership	$	9.05	$	9.31	$	(0.26	)	(3	)%
Constant currency change (1)								(1	)%

(1) We believe constant currency information is useful in analyzing the underlying trends in average monthly revenue per paying membership. In order to exclude the effect of foreign currency rate fluctuations on average monthly revenue per paying membership, we estimate current period revenue assuming foreign exchange rates had remained constant with foreign exchange rates from each of the corresponding months of the prior-year period. For the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, our revenues would have been approximately ~~$115~~$158 million and $562 million higher, respectively, had foreign currency exchange rates remained constant with those for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019.

Cost of Revenues

Amortization of content assets makes up the majority of cost of revenues. Expenses associated with the acquisition, licensing and production of content (such as payroll and related personnel expenses, costs associated with obtaining rights to music included in our content, overall deals with talent, miscellaneous production related costs and participations and residuals), streaming delivery costs and other operations costs make up the remainder of cost of revenues. We have built our own global content delivery network (“Open Connect”) to help us efficiently stream a high volume of content to our members over the internet. Delivery expenses, therefore, include equipment costs related to Open Connect, payroll and related personnel expenses and all third-party costs, such as cloud computing costs, associated with delivering content over the internet. Other operations costs include customer service and payment processing fees, including those we pay to our integrated payment partners, as well as other costs incurred in making our content available to members.

Three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019


	Three Months Ended						Change				Three Months Ended						Change
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			Q1'20 vs. Q1'19				September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			Q3'20 vs. Q3'19
	(in thousands, except percentages)										(in thousands, except percentages)
Cost of revenues	$	3,599,701		$	2,870,614		$	729,087	25	%	$	3,867,751		$	3,097,919		$	769,832	25	%
As a percentage of revenues	62		%	63		%					60		%	59		%

The increase in cost of revenues was primarily due to a ~~$359~~$454 million increase in content amortization relating to our existing and new content, including more exclusive and original programming. We also incurred $218 million in incremental content costs due to paused productions and hardship fund commitments due to the COVID-19 pandemic and expect to continue to incur additional incremental costs in

~~future periods. Other content costs increased $152 million primarily due to increases in expenses~~Expenses associated with the acquisition, licensing and production of content increased $277 million, including expenses related to the COVID-19 pandemic and expenses related to overall deals. Streaming delivery costs and other operations costs increased driven by our growing member base.

Nine months ended September 30, 2020 as ~~well as~~compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019



	Nine Months Ended						Change
	September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			YTD'20 vs. YTD'19
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Cost of revenues	$	11,111,159		$	8,974,190		$	2,136,969	24	%
As a percentage of revenues	61		%	61		%

The increase in cost of revenues was primarily due to a $1,188 million increase in content amortization relating to our existing and new content, including more exclusive and original programming. Expenses associated with the acquisition, licensing and production of content increased ~~payment processing fees~~$830 million, including expenses related to the COVID-19 pandemic and expenses related to overall deals. Streaming delivery costs and other operations costs increased driven by our growing member base.

Marketing

Marketing expenses consist primarily of advertising expenses and certain payments made to our marketing partners, including consumer electronics ("CE") manufacturers, multichannel video programming distributors ("MVPDs"), mobile operators and internet service providers ("ISPs"). Advertising expenses include promotional activities such as digital and television advertising. Marketing expenses also include payroll and related expenses for personnel that support marketing activities.

Three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019


	Three Months Ended						Change					Three Months Ended						Change
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			Q1'20 vs. Q1'19					September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			Q3'20 vs. Q3'19
	(in thousands, except percentages)											(in thousands, except percentages)
Marketing	$	503,830		$	616,578		$	(112,748	)	(18	)%	$	527,597		$	553,797		$	(26,200	)	(5	)%
As a percentage of revenues	9		%	14		%						8		%	11		%

The decrease in marketing expenses was primarily due to a ~~$126~~$25 million decrease in advertising expenses.

Nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019



	Nine Months Ended						Change
	September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			YTD'20 vs. YTD'19
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Marketing	$	1,465,797		$	1,773,525		$	(307,728	)	(17	)%
As a percentage of revenues	8		%	12		%

The decrease in marketing expenses was primarily due to a $327 million decrease in advertising expenses, partially offset by increased payments to our marketing partners.

Technology and Development

Technology and development expenses consist of payroll and related expenses for all technology personnel, as well as other costs incurred in making improvements to our service offerings, including testing, maintaining and modifying our user interface, our recommendation, merchandising and streaming delivery technology and infrastructure. Technology and development expenses also include costs associated with computer hardware and software.

Three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019


	Three Months Ended						Change				Three Months Ended						Change
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			Q1'20 vs. Q1'19				September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			Q3'20 vs. Q3'19
	(in thousands, except percentages)										(in thousands, except percentages)
Technology and development	$	453,817		$	372,764		$	81,053	22	%	$	453,802		$	379,776		$	74,026	19	%
As a percentage of revenues	8		%	8		%					7		%	7		%

The increase in technology and development expenses was primarily due to a ~~$78~~$67 million increase in personnel-related costs, including increases in compensation for existing employees and growth in average headcount to support the increase in our production activity and continued improvements in our streaming service.

Nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019



	Nine Months Ended						Change
	September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			YTD'20 vs. YTD'19
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Technology and development	$	1,342,664		$	1,135,773		$	206,891	18	%
As a percentage of revenues	7		%	8		%

The increase in technology and development expenses was primarily due to a $188 million increase in personnel-related costs, including increases in compensation for existing employees and growth in average headcount to support the increase in our production activity and continued improvements in our streaming service.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist of payroll and related expenses for corporate personnel. General and administrative expenses also include professional fees and other general corporate expenses.

Three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019


	Three Months Ended						Change				Three Months Ended						Change
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			Q1'20 vs. Q1'19				September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			Q3'20 vs. Q3'19
	(in thousands, except percentages)										(in thousands, except percentages)
General and administrative	$	252,087		$	201,952		$	50,135	25	%	$	271,624		$	233,174		$	38,450	16	%
As a percentage of revenues	4		%	4		%					4		%	4		%

General and administrative expenses increased primarily due to a ~~$46~~$32 million increase in personnel-related costs, including increases in compensation for existing employees and growth in average headcount to support the increase in our production activity and continued improvements in our streaming service.

Nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019



	Nine Months Ended						Change
	September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			YTD'20 vs. YTD'19
	(in thousands, except percentages)
General and administrative	$	800,947		$	659,783		$	141,164	21	%
As a percentage of revenues	4		%	4		%

General and administrative expenses increased primarily due to a $118 million increase in personnel-related costs, including increases in compensation for existing employees and growth in average headcount to support the increase in our production activity and continued improvements in our streaming service.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists primarily of the interest associated with our outstanding debt obligations, including the amortization of debt issuance costs. See Note 6 Debt in the accompanying notes to our consolidated financial statements for further detail on our debt obligations.

Three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019


	Three Months Ended						Change				Three Months Ended						Change
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			Q1'20 vs. Q1'19				September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			Q3'20 vs. Q3'19
	(in thousands, except percentages)										(in thousands, except percentages)
Interest expense	$	184,083		$	135,529		$	48,554	36	%	$	197,079		$	160,660		$	36,419	23	%
As a percentage of revenues	3		%	3		%					3		%	3		%

Nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019



	Nine Months Ended						Change
	September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			YTD'20 vs. YTD'19
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Interest expense	$	570,313		$	448,222		$	122,091	27	%
As a percentage of revenues	3		%	3		%

Interest expense primarily consists of interest on our Notes of ~~$180~~$191 million and $556 million for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31, 2020.~~September 30, 2020, respectively. The increase in interest expense for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 as compared to the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 was due to the increase in debt.

Interest and Other Income (Expense)

Interest and other income (expense) consists primarily of foreign exchange gains and losses on foreign currency denominated balances and interest earned on cash and cash equivalents.

Three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019


	Three Months Ended						Change					Three Months Ended						Change
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			Q1'20 vs. Q1'19					September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			Q3'20 vs. Q3'19
	(in thousands, except percentages)											(in thousands, except percentages)
Interest and other income (expense)	$	21,697		$	76,104		$	(54,407	)	(71	)%	$	(256,324	)	$	192,744		$	(449,068	)	(233	)%
As a percentage of revenues	—		%	2		%						(4		)%	4		%

Nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019



	Nine Months Ended						Change
	September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			YTD'20 vs. YTD'19
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Interest and other income (expense)	$	(367,802	)	$	215,378		$	(583,180	)	(271	)%
As a percentage of revenues	(2		)%	1		%

Interest and other income (expense) decreased in the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 primarily due to foreign exchange ~~gains~~losses of $9$258 million and $397 million, respectively, compared to gains of ~~$62~~$170 million and $161 million, respectively, for the corresponding ~~period~~periods in 2019. In the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, the foreign exchange losses were primarily driven by the losses of $249 million and $275 million, respectively, from the remeasurement of our €5,170 million Senior Notes, coupled with the remeasurement of

cash and content liability positions in currencies other than the functional currencies. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the foreign exchange gains were primarily driven by the ~~$93~~gains of $171 million ~~gain~~and $168 million, respectively, from the remeasurement of our ~~€4,700~~€3,600 million Senior Notes, partially offset by the remeasurement of cash and content liability positions in currencies other than the functional currencies. In the three months ended March 31, 2019, the foreign exchange gains were primarily driven by the $58 million gain from the remeasurement of our €2,400 million Senior Notes, coupled with the remeasurement of cash and content liability positions in currencies other than the functional currencies.

Provision for Income Taxes


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands, except percentages)						(in thousands, except percentages)
Provision for income taxes	$	86,803		$	55,607		$	71,484		$	347,079		$	473,693		$	632,952
Effective tax rate	11		%	14		%	8		%	34		%	18		%	33		%

On June 29, 2020, California enacted legislative changes that impose an annual cap of $5 million on the amount of business incentive tax credits we can utilize in California effective for tax years 2020 through 2022.

As of September 30, 2020, we had a California research and development ("R&D") credit carryforward of $239 million which can be carried forward indefinitely. In ~~connection with~~ the ~~Tax Cuts~~second quarter of 2020 we evaluated our ability to realize the California R&D credit, and ~~Jobs Act~~considered all available positive and negative evidence, including operating results, ongoing tax planning, and forecasts of ~~2017~~future taxable income and determined it is more likely than not that the ~~Company simplified its global corporate structure, effective April 1, 2019. The~~pre-2020 credits and a portion of the current year R&D credit would not be realized. In the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded a valuation allowance of $239 million. We will monitor our business strategies, weighing positive and negative evidence in assessing the realization of this asset in the future and in the event there is a need to release the valuation allowance, a tax ~~impacts of such simplifications were not material to the financial statements taken as a whole.~~benefit will be recorded.

The effective tax ~~rate~~rates for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 differed from the Federal statutory rate primarily due to the recognition of excess tax benefits of stock-based compensation, ~~Federal and California research and development (“R&D”) credits, and the international provisions of U.S. tax reform that became effective in 2018,~~ partially offset by ~~state taxes, foreign taxes, and non-deductible expenses.~~

the establishment of a valuation allowance on the California R&Dcredit in the second quarter of 2020.

The decrease in our effective tax ~~rate~~rates for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019 was primarily due to ~~changes from~~ the ~~global corporate structure simplification, offset by a lower benefit on a percentage basis for~~United States Treasury issuance of final regulations that made certain aspects related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 no longer applicable to the Company and the recognition of excess tax benefits of stock-based compensation, ~~and Federal and~~partially offset by the establishment of a valuation allowance on the California R&D ~~credits due to higher pre-tax income.~~credit in the second quarter of 2020.

Liquidity and Capital Resources


	As of				As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	5,178,187	$	5,043,786	$	8,422,280	$	5,043,786
Debt	14,669,501		14,759,260
Short-term and long-term debt					16,047,133		14,759,260

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash increased ~~$134~~$3,378 million in the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 primarily due to cash provided by ~~operations.~~operations coupled with the issuance of debt.

Debt, net of debt issuance costs, ~~decreased $90~~increased $1,288 million primarily due to the issuance of debt in April 2020 coupled with the remeasurement of our euro-denominated notes. The amount of principal and interest due in the next twelve months is ~~$1,233~~$1,259 million. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, no amounts had been borrowed under the $750 million Revolving Credit Agreement. See Note 6 Debt in the accompanying notes to our consolidated financial statements. We anticipate continuing to finance our future capital needs, if any, in the debt market. Our ability to obtain this or any additional financing that we may choose to, or need to, obtain will depend on, among other things, our development efforts, business plans, operating performance and the condition of the capital markets at the time we seek financing. ~~In addition, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruption in the capital markets. It could make financing more difficult and/or expensive and we~~We may not be able to obtain such financing on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or debt securities, those securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to the rights of our common stock, and our stockholders may experience dilution.

Our primary uses of cash include the acquisition, licensing and production of content, streaming delivery, marketing programs and personnel-related costs. Cash payment terms for non-original content have historically been in line with the amortization period. Investments in original content, and in particular content that we produce and own, require more cash upfront relative to licensed content. For example, production costs are paid as the content is created, well in advance of when the content is available on the service and amortized. We expect to continue to significantly increase our investments in global content, particularly in original content, which will impact our liquidity and result in future net cash used in operating activities and negative free cash flow. We currently anticipate that cash flows from operations, available funds and access to financing sources, including our revolving credit facility, will continue to be sufficient to meet our cash needs for at least the next twelve months. ~~During the period of uncertainty of volatility related to the COVID-19 pandemic, we will continue to monitor our liquidity.~~

Free Cash Flow

We define free cash flow as cash provided by (used in) operating and investing activities. We believe free cash flow is an important liquidity metric because it measures, during a given period, the amount of cash generated that is available to repay debt obligations, make investments and for certain other activities or the amount of cash used in operations, including investments in global content. Free cash flow is considered a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be considered in isolation of, or as a substitute for, net income, operating income, cash flow provided by (used in) operating activities, or any other measure of financial performance or liquidity presented in accordance with GAAP.

In assessing liquidity in relation to our results of operations, we compare free cash flow to net income, noting that the three major recurring differences are excess content payments over amortization, non-cash stock-based compensation expense and other working capital differences. Working capital differences include deferred revenue, excess property and equipment purchases over depreciation, taxes and semi-annual interest payments on our outstanding debt. Membership fees due are generally collected quickly.

Three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019			September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	259,912		$	(379,799	)	$	1,263,761		$	(501,794	)
Net cash used in investing activities	(98,303		)	(80,103		)	(118,651		)	(49,354		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	43,694			22,972			68,665			11,989

Non-GAAP reconciliation of free cash flow:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	259,912			(379,799		)	1,263,761			(501,794		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(98,303		)	(80,103		)	(118,651		)	(49,354		)
Free cash flow	$	161,609		$	(459,902	)	$	1,145,110		$	(551,148	)

While we and our partners have resumed productions and related operations in many parts of the world, our ability to produce content remains affected by the pandemic. As a result, the timing of certain production payments has been and will continue to be delayed until productions can resume and may be shifted to future years. Net cash provided by operating activities increased ~~$640~~$1,766 million to ~~$260~~$1,264 million for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020. The increase in cash provided by operating activities was primarily driven by a ~~$1,247~~$1,191 million or ~~28%~~23% increase in revenues ~~partially offset by an increase~~coupled with a decrease in ~~investments in~~cash payments for content ~~that require more upfront cash payments.~~assets. The payments for content assets ~~increased $23~~decreased $710 million, from ~~$3,012~~$3,744 million to ~~$3,035~~$3,033 million, or 1%19%, as compared to the increase in the amortization of content assets of ~~$359~~$454 million, from ~~$2,125~~$2,280 million to ~~$2,483~~$2,734 million, or ~~17%~~20%. At the end of the three months ended March 31, 2020, due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, we have paused most of our productions in response to government lockdowns and guidance from local health officials. As a result, the timing of certain production payments will be delayed until productions can resume and may be shifted to future years. In addition, we had increased payments associated with higher operating expenses, primarily related to increased headcount to support our continued improvements in our streaming service and our international ~~expansion and increased content production activities.~~expansion.

Net cash used in investing activities increased ~~$18~~$69 million for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, primarily due to the increase in purchases of property and equipment.

Net cash provided by financing activities increased ~~$21~~$57 million for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, due to an increase in the proceeds from the issuance of common stock.

Free cash flow was ~~$547~~$355 million higher than net income for the three months ended September 30, 2020 primarily due to $300 million favorable working capital differences, $249 million of non-cash remeasurement loss on our euro-denominated debt and $106 million of non-cash stock-based compensation expense, partially offset by $300 million of cash payments for content assets over amortization expense.

Free cash flow was $1,216 million lower than net income for the three months ended ~~March 31, 2020~~September 30, 2019, primarily due to ~~$552~~$1,464 million of cash payments for content assets over amortization expense, ~~and $92~~partially offset by $148 million ~~in other non-favorable~~favorable working capital differences ~~partially offset by $97~~and $100 million of non-cash stock-based compensation expense.

Nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019



	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	2,564,749		$	(1,425,347	)
Net cash used in investing activities	(358,955		)	(179,493		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,203,324			2,281,861

Non-GAAP reconciliation of free cash flow:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	2,564,749			(1,425,347		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(358,955		)	(179,493		)
Free cash flow	$	2,205,794		$	(1,604,840	)

Net cash used in investing activities increased $179 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to the increase in purchases of property and equipment.

Net cash provided by financing activities decreased $1,079 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, due to a decrease in proceeds from the issuance of debt from $2,225 million, net of $18 million issuance costs in the nine months ended September 30, 2019, to $1,002 million, net of $8 million issuance costs in the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Free cash flow was ~~$804~~$13 million lower than net income for the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31, 2019,~~September 30, 2020 primarily due to ~~$888~~$864 million of cash payments for content assets over amortization expense, ~~and $17 million in other non-favorable working capital differences,~~ partially offset by ~~$101~~$275 million of non-cash remeasurement loss on our euro-denominated debt, $239 million non-cash valuation allowance for deferred taxes due to recent legislation which imposed an annual cap on research and development credits, $308 million of non-cash stock-based compensation ~~expense.~~expenses and $29 million favorable other working capital differences.

Free cash flow was $2,885 million lower than net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to $3,457 million of cash payments for content assets over amortization expense, partially offset by $267 million favorable other working capital differences and $305 million of non-cash stock-based compensation expenses.

Contractual Obligations

For the purpose of this table, contractual obligations for purchases of goods or services are defined as agreements that are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms, including: fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction. The expected timing of the payment of the obligations discussed below is estimated based on information available to us as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020. Timing of payments and actual amounts paid may be different depending on the time of receipt of goods or services or changes to agreed-upon amounts for some obligations. The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020:


	Payments due by Period										Payments due by Period
Contractual obligations (in thousands):	Total		Less than 1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		More than 5 years		Total		Less than 1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		More than 5 years
Content obligations (1)	$	19,174,038	$	8,618,185	$	8,064,206	$	1,974,855	$	516,792	$	19,072,254	$	8,668,296	$	8,004,624	$	1,956,565	$	442,769
Debt (2)	20,587,654		1,233,206		2,060,732		2,502,066		14,791,650		21,882,995		1,258,639		2,136,439		3,612,818		14,875,099
Operating lease obligations (3)	2,739,071		285,784		587,752		533,605		1,331,930		2,801,946		332,028		629,071		567,453		1,273,394
Other purchase obligations (4)	1,000,138		716,792		254,922		28,060		364		1,020,860		762,225		248,487		10,148		—
Total	$	43,500,901	$	10,853,967	$	10,967,612	$	5,038,586	$	16,640,736	$	44,778,055	$	11,021,188	$	11,018,621	$	6,146,984	$	16,591,262


(1)	As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, content obligations were comprised of ~~$4.8~~$4.6 billion included in "Current content liabilities" and ~~$3.2~~$2.9 billion of "Non-current content liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and ~~$11.2~~$11.6 billion of obligations that are not reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as they did not then meet the criteria for recognition.

Content obligations include amounts related to the acquisition, licensing and production of content. An obligation for the production of content includes non-cancelable commitments under creative talent and employment agreements and other production related commitments. An obligation for the acquisition and licensing of content is incurred at the time we enter into an agreement to obtain future titles. Once a title becomes available, a content liability is recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Certain agreements include the obligation to license rights for unknown future titles, the ultimate quantity and/or fees for which are not yet determinable as of the reporting date. Traditional film output deals, or certain TV series license agreements where the number of seasons to be aired is unknown, are examples of these types of agreements. The contractual obligations table above does not include any estimated obligation for the unknown future titles, payment for which could range from less than one year to more than five years. However, these unknown obligations are expected to be significant and we believe could include approximately $1 billion to $4 billion over the next three years, with the payments for the vast majority of such amounts expected to occur after the next twelve months. The foregoing range is based on considerable management judgments and the actual amounts may differ. Once we know the title that we will receive and the license fees, we include the amount in the contractual obligations table above.


(2)	~~Long-term debt~~Debt obligations include our Notes consisting of principal and interest payments. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for further details.


(3)	See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for further details regarding leases.


(4)	Other purchase obligations include all other non-cancelable contractual obligations. These contracts are primarily related to streaming delivery and cloud computing costs, as well as other miscellaneous open purchase orders for which we have not received the related services or goods.

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, we had gross unrecognized tax benefits of ~~$71~~$85 million, of which $24 million was classified in “Other non-current liabilities” and $30 million as a reduction to deferred tax assets which was classified as "Other non-current assets" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At this time, an estimate of the range of reasonably possible adjustments to the balance of unrecognized tax benefits cannot be made.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have transactions with unconsolidated entities, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, whereby we have financial guarantees, subordinated retained interests, derivative instruments, or other contingent arrangements that expose us to material continuing risks, contingent liabilities, or any other obligation under a variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk, or credit risk support to us.

Indemnification

The information set forth under Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements under the caption “Indemnification” is incorporated herein by reference.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported periods. The SEC has defined a company’s critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of a company’s financial condition and results of operations, and which require a company to make its most difficult and subjective judgments. Based on this definition, we have identified the critical accounting policies and judgments addressed below. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Content

We acquire, license and produce content, including original programing, in order to offer our members unlimited viewing of entertainment. The content licenses are for a fixed fee and specific windows of availability. Payment terms for certain content licenses and the production of content require more upfront cash payments relative to the amortization expense. Payments for content, including additions to content assets and the changes in related liabilities, are classified within "Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities" on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

We recognize content assets (licensed and produced) as "Content assets, net" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For licensed content, we capitalize the fee per title and record a corresponding liability at the gross amount of the liability when the license period begins, the cost of the title is known and the title is accepted and available for streaming. For produced content, we capitalize costs associated with the production, including development cost, direct costs and production overhead. Participations and residuals are expensed in line with the amortization of production costs.

Based on factors including historical and estimated viewing patterns, we amortize the content assets (licensed and produced) in “Cost of revenues” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations over the shorter of each title's contractual window of availability or estimated period of use or ten years, beginning with the month of first availability. The amortization is on an accelerated basis, as we typically expect more upfront viewing, for instance due to additional merchandising and marketing efforts, and film amortization is more accelerated than TV series amortization. On average, over 90% of a licensed or produced content asset is expected to be amortized within four years after its month of first availability. We review factors that impact the amortization of the content assets on a regular basis. Our estimates related to these factors require considerable management judgment.

Our business model is subscription based as opposed to a model generating revenues at a specific title level. Content assets (licensed and produced) are predominantly monetized as a group and therefore are reviewed at a group level when an event or change in circumstances indicates a change in the expected usefulness of the content or that the fair value may be less than unamortized cost. To date, we have not identified any such event or changes in circumstances. If such changes are identified in the future, these aggregated content assets will be stated at the lower of unamortized cost or fair value. In addition, unamortized costs for assets that have been, or are expected to be, abandoned are written off.

Income Taxes

We record a provision for income taxes for the anticipated tax consequences of our reported results of operations using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are recognized by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases as well as net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance for any tax benefits for which future realization is uncertain.

Although we believe our assumptions, judgments and estimates are reasonable, changes in tax laws or our interpretation of tax laws and the resolution of any tax audits could significantly impact the amounts provided for income taxes in our consolidated financial statements.

In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets, in full or in part, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including our past operating results, and our forecast of future earnings, future taxable income and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. The assumptions utilized in determining future taxable income require significant judgment and are consistent with the plans and estimates we are using to manage the underlying businesses. Actual operating results in future years could differ from our current assumptions, judgments and estimates. However, we believe that it is more likely than not that most of the deferred tax assets recorded on our Consolidated Balance

Sheets will ultimately be realized. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the net amount that we believe is more likely than not to be realized. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, the valuation allowance of ~~$132~~$371 million was related to the California research and development credits and certain foreign tax credits that we ~~are~~do not ~~expected~~expect to realize.

We did not recognize certain tax benefits from uncertain tax positions within the provision for income taxes. We may recognize a tax benefit only if it is more likely than not the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. At ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, our estimated gross unrecognized tax benefits were ~~$71~~$85 million of which ~~$60~~$49 million, if recognized, would favorably impact our future earnings. Due to uncertainties in any tax audit outcome, our estimates of the ultimate settlement of our unrecognized tax positions may change and the actual tax benefits may differ significantly from the estimates. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements for further information regarding income taxes.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The information set forth under Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements under the caption “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” is incorporated herein by reference.


Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

For financial market risks related to changes in interest rates, reference is made to Item 7A “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” contained in Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Our exposure to market risk has not changed significantly since December 31, 2019.

Foreign Currency Risk

Revenues denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar account for ~~53%~~54% of the consolidated amount for the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020. We therefore have foreign currency risk related to these currencies, which are primarily the euro, the British pound, the Brazilian real, the Canadian dollar, the Mexican Peso, the Australian dollar, the Japanese yen, ~~the Mexican Peso,~~and the Argentine ~~peso, and the Brazilian real.~~peso.

~~Volatile market conditions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic may result in significant~~Accordingly, changes in exchange rates, and in particular a weakening of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar may negatively affect our revenue and operating income as expressed in U.S. dollars. In the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, our revenues would have been approximately ~~$115~~$562 million higher had foreign currency exchange rates remained consistent with those in same period of 2019.

We have also experienced and will continue to experience fluctuations in our net income as a result of gains (losses) on the settlement and the remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies that are not the functional currency. In the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, we recognized a $9$397 million foreign exchange ~~gain~~loss primarily due to the remeasurement of our Senior Notes denominated in euros, ~~partially offset by~~coupled with the remeasurement of cash and content liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies.

In addition, the effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as disclosed on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow for the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 was a decrease of ~~$71~~$31 million.

We do not use foreign exchange contracts or derivatives to hedge any foreign currency exposures. The volatility of exchange rates depends on many factors that we cannot forecast with reliable accuracy. Our continued international expansion increases our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations and, as a result, such fluctuations could have a significant impact on our future results of operations.


Item 4.	Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our ~~Chief~~co-Chief Executive ~~Officer~~Officers and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our ~~Chief~~co-Chief Executive ~~Officer~~Officers and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q were effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our ~~Chief~~co-Chief Executive ~~Officer~~Officers and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Our management, including our ~~Chief~~co-Chief Executive ~~Officer~~Officers and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We have not experienced any material impact to our internal controls over financial reporting despite the fact that most of our employees are working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We are continually monitoring and assessing the COVID-19 situation on our internal controls to minimize the impact on their design and operating effectiveness.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION


Item 1.	Legal Proceedings

The information set forth under Note 7 in the notes to the consolidated financial statements under the caption “Legal Proceedings” is incorporated herein by reference.


Item 1A.	Risk Factors

~~The following risk factor is provided to update~~There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed under the heading ~~“Risk Factors”~~"Risk Factors" in the ~~Company’s~~Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019.~~

~~The recent coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the global attempt to contain it may harm our industry, business, results of operations and ability to raise additional capital.~~

The global spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) and the various attempts to contain it have created significant volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption. In response to government mandates, health care advisories and otherwise responding to employee and vendor concerns, we have altered certain aspects of our operations. Our workforce has had to spend a significant amount of time working from home, which impacts their productivity. International travel has been severely curtailed and virtually all of our productions are paused,2019, as are productions of third-parties who supply us with content. Other partners have similarly had their operations altered or temporarily suspended, including those partners that we use for our operations as well as development, production and post-production of content. To the extent the resulting economic disruption is severe, we could see some vendors go out of business, resulting in supply constraints and increased costs or delays to our productions. Such production pauses may cause us temporarily to have less new content available on our service in subsequent quarters, which could negatively impact consumer demand for and member retention to our service and the number of paid memberships. Temporary production pauses or permanent shutdowns in production could result in content asset impairments or other charges and will change the timing and amount of cash outflows associated with production activity.

The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic and the various responses to it impacts our business, operations and financial results will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict, including: the duration and scope of the pandemic; governmental, business and individuals’ actions that have been and continue to be taken in response to the pandemic; the availability and cost to access the capital markets; the effect on our customers and customer demand for and ability to pay for our services; disruptions or restrictions on our employees’ ability to work and travel; interruptions or restrictions related to the provision of streaming services over the internet, including impacts on content delivery networks and streaming quality; and any stoppages, disruptions or increased costs associated with our development, production, post-production, marketing and distribution of original programming. During the COVID-19 crisis, we may not be able to provide the same level of customer service and product features, such as dubbing, that our members are used to which could negatively impact their perception of our service resulting in an increase in cancellations. Furthermore, given increased government expenditures associated with their COVID-19 response, we could see increased government obligations which could negatively impact our results of operations. If we need to access the capital markets, there can be no assurance that financing may be available on attractive terms, if at all. We will continue to actively monitor the issues raised by the COVID-19 pandemic and may take further actions that alter our business operations, including content production, as may be required by federal, state, local or foreign authorities, or that we determine areupdated in the ~~best interests of our employees, customers, partners and stockholders. It is not clear what~~Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the ~~potential effects any such alterations or modifications may have on our business, including the effects on our customers, suppliers or vendors, or on our financial results.~~

The COVID-19 pandemic has also led to an increase in our net paid membership additions relative to our quarterly forecast and historic trends. These results, as well as those of other metrics such as revenues, operating margins, net income and other financial and operating data, may not be indicative of results for future periods. Our increase in net paid membership additions may reflect the acceleration of growth that we would have seen in subsequent periods, and membership growth may slow or reverse, due to slower acquisition and/or higher cancellations, as government and other restrictions are relaxed. In addition to the potential direct impacts to our business, the global economy is likely to be significantly weakened as a result of the actions taken in response to COVID-19. To the extent that such a weakened global economy impacts consumers’ ability or willingness to pay for our service or vendors’ ability to provide services to us, especially those related to our content productions, we could see our business and results of operation negatively impacted.quarter ended March 31, 2020.


Item 6.	Exhibits

(a) Exhibits:

See Exhibit Index immediately following the signature page of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

EXHIBIT INDEX

~~Exhibit Number~~

~~Exhibit Description~~

~~Incorporated by Reference~~

Filed
Herewith

~~Form~~

~~File No.~~

~~Exhibit~~

~~Filing Date~~

~~31.1~~

~~Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002~~

~~31.2~~

~~Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002~~

32.1*

~~Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002~~

~~101~~

The following financial statements from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (v) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and including detailed tags

~~104~~

~~The cover page from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL~~

Exhibit Number

Exhibit Description

Incorporated by Reference

Filed
Herewith

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

3.1

Restated Certificate of Incorporation

10-Q

001-35727

3.1

July 17, 2015

3.2

Amended and Restated Bylaws

8-K

001-35727

3.1

September 4, 2020

31.1

Certification of Co-Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2

Certification of Co-Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.3

Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1*

Certifications of Co-Chief Executive Officers and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101

The following financial statements from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (v) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and including detailed tags

104

The cover page from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL


*	These certifications are not deemed filed by the SEC and are not to be incorporated by reference in any filing we make under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, irrespective of any general incorporation language in any filings.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



		NETFLIX, INC.
Dated:	~~April 21,~~October 22, 2020	By:	/s/ Reed Hastings
			Reed Hastings ~~Chief~~Co-Chief Executive Officer (Principal executive officer)

Dated:	~~April 21,~~October 22, 2020	By:	/s/ Spencer Neumann
			Spencer Neumann Chief Financial Officer (Principal financial and accounting officer)

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