0001084580jef:ForwardStartingReverseReposMember2021-05-31
Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                     to                     
Commission file number 1-14947
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware95-4719745
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
520 Madison Avenue, New York,New York10022
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 284-2550
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes      No  
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
4.850% Senior Notes Due 2027JEF/27ANew York Stock Exchange
5.125%2.750% Senior Notes Due 20232032JEF/2332ANew York Stock Exchange
The Registrant is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Jefferies Financial Group Inc. and meets the conditions set forth in General Instructions H(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-Q and is therefore filing this Form 10-Q with a reduced disclosure format as permitted by Instruction H(2).


Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC
INDEX TO QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
May 31, 2021February 28, 2022
Page

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Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (UNAUDITED)
(In thousands)
May 31, 2021November 30, 2020February 28, 2022November 30, 2021
ASSETSASSETSASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents (includes $34 and $468 at May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)$6,220,892 $7,111,929 
Cash and cash equivalents (includes $11,575 and $3,765 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)Cash and cash equivalents (includes $11,575 and $3,765 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)$6,719,648 $8,813,564 
Cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing and depository organizationsCash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing and depository organizations901,381 604,321 Cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing and depository organizations838,092 1,015,107 
Financial instruments owned, at fair value (includes securities pledged of $13,000,756 and $13,065,585 at May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively; and $0 and $5,238 at May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)19,411,677 17,686,052 
Financial instruments owned, at fair value (includes securities pledged of $14,308,758 and $12,723,502 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively; and $304,191 and $319,497 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)Financial instruments owned, at fair value (includes securities pledged of $14,308,758 and $12,723,502 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively; and $304,191 and $319,497 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)21,317,167 19,336,237 
Loans to and investments in related partiesLoans to and investments in related parties1,102,091 1,000,730 Loans to and investments in related parties1,413,381 1,159,048 
Securities borrowedSecurities borrowed6,720,683 6,934,762 Securities borrowed7,110,757 6,409,420 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell6,917,225 5,096,769 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell ($18,016 and $0 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)Securities purchased under agreements to resell ($18,016 and $0 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)6,557,213 7,642,484 
Securities received as collateral, at fair valueSecurities received as collateral, at fair value7,517 Securities received as collateral, at fair value973 7,289 
Receivables:Receivables:Receivables:
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations ($22,529 and $12,919 at May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)4,730,467 4,158,823 
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations ($52,637 and $39,435 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations ($52,637 and $39,435 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)5,095,243 4,896,704 
CustomersCustomers2,121,816 1,286,925 Customers1,896,488 1,615,822 
Fees, interest and other458,032 397,630 
Fees, interest and other ($742,926 and $679 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)Fees, interest and other ($742,926 and $679 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)1,190,860 474,304 
Premises and equipmentPremises and equipment858,531 847,127 Premises and equipment877,097 860,742 
GoodwillGoodwill1,651,725 1,646,933 Goodwill1,645,960 1,645,317 
Other assets ($195 and $131 at May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)1,076,553 972,479 
Other assets ($88,007 and $0 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)Other assets ($88,007 and $0 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)1,236,519 892,862 
Total assetsTotal assets$52,171,073 $47,751,997 Total assets$55,899,398 $54,768,900 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITYLIABILITIES AND EQUITYLIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Short-term borrowings (includes $0 and $5,067 at fair value at May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively)$475,834 $764,715 
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value ($0 and $2,466 at May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)11,957,633 10,017,522 
Short-term borrowingsShort-term borrowings$467,853 $221,863 
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value ($17,987 and $109,088 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value ($17,987 and $109,088 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)14,682,727 11,690,795 
Collateralized financings:Collateralized financings:Collateralized financings:
Securities loanedSecurities loaned2,277,423 1,810,748 Securities loaned1,808,896 1,525,721 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase7,079,322 8,316,269 
Other secured financings (includes $2,493 and $1,543 at fair value at May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively; and $3,533,845 and $2,769,674 at May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)3,536,338 2,771,217 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase ($47,138 and $0 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)Securities sold under agreements to repurchase ($47,138 and $0 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)8,933,643 8,446,099 
Other secured financings (includes $158,008 and $102,788 at fair value at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively; and $3,550,869 and $3,791,886 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)Other secured financings (includes $158,008 and $102,788 at fair value at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively; and $3,550,869 and $3,791,886 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)3,553,232 3,794,248 
Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair valueObligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value7,517 Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value973 7,289 
Payables:Payables:Payables:
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations5,350,380 3,325,753 
Customers (includes $267 and $0 at May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)4,190,813 4,251,556 
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations (includes $50,143 and $44,246 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations (includes $50,143 and $44,246 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)4,632,440 5,814,066 
CustomersCustomers4,021,948 4,461,950 
Lease liabilitiesLease liabilities550,234 561,249 Lease liabilities533,627 521,448 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (includes $1,475 and $1,202 at May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)2,673,452 2,663,639 
Long-term debt (includes $1,819,975 and $1,712,245 at fair value at May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively)7,392,296 6,895,680 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (includes $2,909 and $1,787 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)Accrued expenses and other liabilities (includes $2,909 and $1,787 at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)1,609,073 3,166,987 
Long-term debt (includes $1,762,163 and $1,843,598 at fair value at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively)Long-term debt (includes $1,762,163 and $1,843,598 at fair value at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively)7,887,975 8,039,826 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities45,483,725 41,385,865 Total liabilities48,132,387 47,690,292 
EQUITYEQUITYEQUITY
Member’s paid-in capitalMember’s paid-in capital6,978,468 6,569,328 Member’s paid-in capital8,027,244 7,381,391 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Currency translation and other adjustmentsCurrency translation and other adjustments(127,612)(141,843)Currency translation and other adjustments(151,422)(151,661)
Changes in instrument specific credit risk(162,172)(71,151)
Changes in instrument-specific credit riskChanges in instrument-specific credit risk(112,238)(153,672)
Additional minimum pension liabilityAdditional minimum pension liability(7,914)(8,104)Additional minimum pension liability(8,702)(8,843)
Available-for-sale securitiesAvailable-for-sale securities426 513 Available-for-sale securities96 269 
Total accumulated other comprehensive lossTotal accumulated other comprehensive loss(297,272)(220,585)Total accumulated other comprehensive loss(272,266)(313,907)
Total Jefferies Group LLC member’s equityTotal Jefferies Group LLC member’s equity6,681,196 6,348,743 Total Jefferies Group LLC member’s equity7,754,978 7,067,484 
Noncontrolling interestsNoncontrolling interests6,152 17,389 Noncontrolling interests12,033 11,124 
Total equityTotal equity6,687,348 6,366,132 Total equity7,767,011 7,078,608 
Total liabilities and equityTotal liabilities and equity$52,171,073 $47,751,997 Total liabilities and equity$55,899,398 $54,768,900 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS (UNAUDITED)
(In thousands)
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
202120202021202020222021
Revenues:Revenues:Revenues:
Commissions and other feesCommissions and other fees$222,643 $243,267 $459,581 $422,802 Commissions and other fees$229,453 $236,938 
Principal transactionsPrincipal transactions325,059 467,283 1,116,278 839,185 Principal transactions260,026 791,219 
Investment bankingInvestment banking1,000,700 387,491 2,004,362 979,493 Investment banking945,048 1,003,662 
Asset management fees and revenuesAsset management fees and revenues14,567 4,576 51,950 16,296 Asset management fees and revenues39,551 37,383 
InterestInterest206,958 211,941 425,979 506,609 Interest212,790 219,021 
OtherOther66,769 (47,275)127,357 (17,546)Other65,791 60,588 
Total revenuesTotal revenues1,836,696 1,267,283 4,185,507 2,746,839 Total revenues1,752,659 2,348,811 
Interest expenseInterest expense219,278 232,916 438,723 541,776 Interest expense210,885 219,445 
Net revenuesNet revenues1,617,418 1,034,367 3,746,784 2,205,063 Net revenues1,541,774 2,129,366 
Non-interest expenses:Non-interest expenses:Non-interest expenses:
Compensation and benefitsCompensation and benefits789,836 571,547 1,909,730 1,206,777 Compensation and benefits744,212 1,119,894 
Non-compensation expenses:Non-compensation expenses:Non-compensation expenses:
Floor brokerage and clearing feesFloor brokerage and clearing fees76,617 77,619 153,197 138,199 Floor brokerage and clearing fees83,961 76,580 
Underwriting costsUnderwriting costs8,128 36,136 
Technology and communicationsTechnology and communications107,962 95,594 212,303 184,778 Technology and communications119,822 104,341 
Occupancy and equipment rentalOccupancy and equipment rental32,839 24,395 60,829 51,898 Occupancy and equipment rental30,905 27,990 
Business developmentBusiness development27,023 8,359 45,004 38,316 Business development27,371 17,981 
Professional servicesProfessional services59,780 41,994 104,068 86,659 Professional services51,118 44,288 
Underwriting costs33,031 12,485 69,167 30,014 
OtherOther61,031 29,506 92,017 60,176 Other39,363 30,986 
Total non-compensation expensesTotal non-compensation expenses398,283 289,952 736,585 590,040 Total non-compensation expenses360,668 338,302 
Total non-interest expensesTotal non-interest expenses1,188,119 861,499 2,646,315 1,796,817 Total non-interest expenses1,104,880 1,458,196 
Earnings before income taxesEarnings before income taxes429,299 172,868 1,100,469 408,246 Earnings before income taxes436,894 671,170 
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense110,846 43,972 288,151 107,985 Income tax expense95,751 177,305 
Net earningsNet earnings318,453 128,896 812,318 300,261 Net earnings341,143 493,865 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests(363)(1,842)(566)(3,866)
Net losses attributable to noncontrolling interestsNet losses attributable to noncontrolling interests(267)(203)
Net earnings attributable to Jefferies Group LLCNet earnings attributable to Jefferies Group LLC$318,816 $130,738 $812,884 $304,127 Net earnings attributable to Jefferies Group LLC$341,410 $494,068 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(In thousands)
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
202120202021202020222021
Net earningsNet earnings$318,453 $128,896 $812,318 $300,261 Net earnings$341,143 $493,865 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Currency translation adjustments and other (1)Currency translation adjustments and other (1)3,482 (28,526)14,421 (37,522)Currency translation adjustments and other (1)380 10,939 
Changes in instrument specific credit risk (2)(21,585)148,738 (91,021)171,734 
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities(27)196 (87)433 
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk (2)Changes in instrument-specific credit risk (2)41,434 (69,436)
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securitiesUnrealized losses on available-for-sale securities(173)(60)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (3)Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (3)(18,130)120,408 (76,687)134,645 Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (3)41,641 (58,557)
Comprehensive incomeComprehensive income300,323 249,304 735,631 434,906 Comprehensive income382,784 435,308 
Net losses attributable to noncontrolling interestsNet losses attributable to noncontrolling interests(363)(1,842)(566)(3,866)Net losses attributable to noncontrolling interests(267)(203)
Comprehensive income attributable to Jefferies Group LLCComprehensive income attributable to Jefferies Group LLC$300,686 $251,146 $736,197 $438,772 Comprehensive income attributable to Jefferies Group LLC$383,051 $435,511 

(1)The amounts includeamount includes income tax expensesexpense of approximately $1.3 million and $4.5$3.2 million during the three and six months ended May 31, 2021, respectively, and income tax benefits of $8.8 million and $11.9 million during the three and six months ended May 31, 2020, respectively.February 28, 2021.
(2)The amounts include income tax benefits (expenses) of approximately $7.1$(13.2) million and $29.4$22.3 million during the three and six months ended May 31,February 28, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and income tax expenses of $50.7 million and $58.6 millionrespectively. The amount during the three and six months ended May 31, 2020, respectively. The amounts during the three and six months ended May 31,February 28, 2021 also includes a net lossesloss of $2.7$0.2 million, and $2.9 million, respectively, net of an income tax benefits of $0.8benefit $0.1 million, and $0.9 million, respectively, related to changes in instrument specific creditspecific-credit risk, which werewas reclassified to Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The amounts during the three and six months ended May 31, 2020 includes net losses of $1.7 million and $2.0 million, respectively, net of income tax benefits of $0.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively, related to changes in instrument specific credit risk, which were reclassified to Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated StatementsStatement of Earnings.
(3)None of the components of other comprehensive income (loss) are attributable to noncontrolling interests.
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(In thousands)
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
202120202021202020222021
Member’s paid-in capital:Member’s paid-in capital:Member’s paid-in capital:
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$6,819,060 $6,503,066 $6,569,328 $6,329,677 Balance, beginning of period$7,381,391 $6,569,328 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle for current expected credit losses, net of taxCumulative effect of change in accounting principle for current expected credit losses, net of tax2,698 Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle for current expected credit losses, net of tax— 2,698 
Net earnings attributable to Jefferies Group LLCNet earnings attributable to Jefferies Group LLC318,816 130,738 812,884 304,127 Net earnings attributable to Jefferies Group LLC341,410 494,068 
Contribution from Jefferies Financial Group Inc.Contribution from Jefferies Financial Group Inc.153,557 Contribution from Jefferies Financial Group Inc.476,549 153,557 
Distributions to Jefferies Financial Group Inc.Distributions to Jefferies Financial Group Inc.(159,408)(152,064)(559,999)(152,064)Distributions to Jefferies Financial Group Inc.(170,705)(400,591)
Settlement of related balances from the transfer of employees from Jefferies Financial Group Inc. to Jefferies Group LLCSettlement of related balances from the transfer of employees from Jefferies Financial Group Inc. to Jefferies Group LLC(1,401)— 
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$6,978,468 $6,481,740 $6,978,468 $6,481,740 Balance, end of period$8,027,244 $6,819,060 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$(279,142)$(189,968)$(220,585)$(204,205)Balance, beginning of period$(313,907)$(220,585)
Currency translation and other adjustmentsCurrency translation and other adjustments3,482 (28,526)14,421 (37,522)Currency translation and other adjustments380 10,939 
Changes in instrument specific credit risk(21,585)148,738 (91,021)171,734 
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities(27)196 (87)433 
Changes in instrument-specific credit riskChanges in instrument-specific credit risk41,434 (69,436)
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securitiesUnrealized losses on available-for-sale securities(173)(60)
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$(297,272)$(69,560)$(297,272)$(69,560)Balance, end of period$(272,266)$(279,142)
Total Jefferies Group LLC member’s equityTotal Jefferies Group LLC member’s equity$6,681,196 $6,412,180 $6,681,196 $6,412,180 Total Jefferies Group LLC member’s equity$7,754,978 $6,539,918 
Noncontrolling interests:Noncontrolling interests:Noncontrolling interests:
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$15,713 $19,351 $17,389 $4,275 Balance, beginning of period$11,124 $17,389 
Net losses attributable to noncontrolling interestsNet losses attributable to noncontrolling interests(363)(1,842)(566)(3,866)Net losses attributable to noncontrolling interests(267)(203)
ContributionsContributions2,595 305 2,595 17,405 Contributions1,176 — 
DistributionsDistributions(11,793)(216)(13,266)(216)Distributions— (1,473)
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$6,152 $17,598 $6,152 $17,598 Balance, end of period$12,033 $15,713 
Total equityTotal equity$6,687,348 $6,429,778 $6,687,348 $6,429,778 Total equity$7,767,011 $6,555,631 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(In thousands)
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
2021202020222021
Cash flows from operating activities:Cash flows from operating activities:Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earningsNet earnings$812,318 $300,261 Net earnings$341,143 $493,865 
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash used in operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization38,288 31,056 Depreciation and amortization24,381 20,159 
Goodwill impairment400 3,000 
Bad debt expenseBad debt expense39,785 3,703 Bad debt expense8,615 (703)
(Income) loss on loans to and investments in related parties(121,418)26,186 
Income on loans to and investments in related partiesIncome on loans to and investments in related parties(58,018)(57,541)
Distributions received on investments in related partiesDistributions received on investments in related parties35,949 Distributions received on investments in related parties1,031 — 
Other adjustmentsOther adjustments(76,260)152,364 Other adjustments(148,702)(100,094)
Net change in assets and liabilities:Net change in assets and liabilities:Net change in assets and liabilities:
Securities deposited with clearing and depository organizationsSecurities deposited with clearing and depository organizations(23,788)(61,212)Securities deposited with clearing and depository organizations— (84,307)
Receivables:Receivables:Receivables:
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizationsBrokers, dealers and clearing organizations(605,719)(1,224,951)Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations(199,295)(584,477)
CustomersCustomers(834,887)413,489 Customers(280,577)(576,506)
Fees, interest and otherFees, interest and other(50,368)(13,663)Fees, interest and other59,027 (86,611)
Securities borrowedSecurities borrowed219,788 1,142,449 Securities borrowed(701,961)(211,177)
Financial instruments ownedFinancial instruments owned(1,706,903)(1,862,147)Financial instruments owned(1,737,918)(869,326)
Securities purchased under agreements to resellSecurities purchased under agreements to resell(1,811,829)(14,988)Securities purchased under agreements to resell1,084,266 (1,576,329)
Other assetsOther assets(82,185)(238,505)Other assets(247,880)(48,342)
Payables:Payables:Payables:
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizationsBrokers, dealers and clearing organizations2,018,934 471,213 Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations(1,180,945)767,964 
CustomersCustomers(60,744)(153,116)Customers(439,990)(160,488)
Securities loanedSecurities loaned461,500 438,246 Securities loaned283,598 704,075 
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchasedFinancial instruments sold, not yet purchased1,923,703 (809,925)Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased2,993,575 2,330,574 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchaseSecurities sold under agreements to repurchase(1,244,181)1,159,948 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase488,456 (1,114,857)
Lease liabilitiesLease liabilities(24,242)(27,757)Lease liabilities(20,655)(11,297)
Accrued expenses and other liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other liabilities(25,350)294,139 Accrued expenses and other liabilities(1,544,708)(382,976)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities(1,153,158)65,739 
Net cash used in operating activitiesNet cash used in operating activities(1,276,557)(1,548,394)
Cash flows from investing activities:Cash flows from investing activities:Cash flows from investing activities:
Contributions to loans to and investments in related partiesContributions to loans to and investments in related parties(1,984,863)(1,334,785)Contributions to loans to and investments in related parties(280,799)(912,340)
Capital distributions from investments and repayments of loans from related partiesCapital distributions from investments and repayments of loans from related parties2,004,357 1,307,239 Capital distributions from investments and repayments of loans from related parties266,523 952,882 
Originations and purchases of automobile loansOriginations and purchases of automobile loans(134,852)— 
Principal collections of automobile loansPrincipal collections of automobile loans99,306 — 
Net payments on premises and equipmentNet payments on premises and equipment(40,858)(66,953)Net payments on premises and equipment(16,393)(16,897)
Transfer of net assets from Jefferies Financial Group Inc.Transfer of net assets from Jefferies Financial Group Inc.(2,173)Transfer of net assets from Jefferies Financial Group Inc.— (2,173)
Net cash used in investing activities(23,537)(94,499)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) investing activities(66,215)21,472 
Continued on next page.
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JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – CONTINUED (UNAUDITED)
(In thousands)
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
2021202020222021
Cash flows from financing activities:Cash flows from financing activities:Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from short-term borrowingsProceeds from short-term borrowings567,000 1,226,800 Proceeds from short-term borrowings727,000 319,000 
Payments on short-term borrowingsPayments on short-term borrowings(905,090)(1,114,871)Payments on short-term borrowings(527,000)(196,090)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costsProceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs535,569 440,951 Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs186,521 58,983 
Repayment of long-term debtRepayment of long-term debt(46,350)(647,489)Repayment of long-term debt(210,645)(10,089)
Contributions from Jefferies Financial Group Inc.Contributions from Jefferies Financial Group Inc.153,557 Contributions from Jefferies Financial Group Inc.60,332 153,557 
Distributions to Jefferies Financial Group Inc.Distributions to Jefferies Financial Group Inc.(554,148)(12,580)Distributions to Jefferies Financial Group Inc.(193,048)(307,114)
Net proceeds from (payments on) other secured financingsNet proceeds from (payments on) other secured financings765,121 (369,685)Net proceeds from (payments on) other secured financings(933,992)1,033,008 
Net change in bank overdraftsNet change in bank overdrafts49,187 (3,126)Net change in bank overdrafts45,990 (4,706)
Proceeds from contributions of noncontrolling interestsProceeds from contributions of noncontrolling interests2,595 17,405 Proceeds from contributions of noncontrolling interests1,176 — 
Payments on distributions to noncontrolling interestsPayments on distributions to noncontrolling interests(13,266)(216)Payments on distributions to noncontrolling interests— (1,473)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) financing activities554,175 (462,811)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(843,666)1,045,076 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashEffect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash4,755 (13,547)Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(467)3,886 
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashNet decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(617,765)(505,118)Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(2,186,905)(477,960)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of periodCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period7,682,013 6,329,712 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period9,828,671 7,682,013 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of periodCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$7,064,248 $5,824,594 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$7,641,766 $7,204,053 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period forCash paid during the period forCash paid during the period for
InterestInterest$406,539 $543,337 Interest$320,399 $236,116 
Income taxes, netIncome taxes, net330,002 37,449 Income taxes, net5,239 29,953 
Noncash financing activities:
On December 1, 2021, Jefferies transferred certain loans and certain investments in securities and limited partnerships to us. In addition, Jefferies transferred its investment in Foursight Capital LLC (“Foursight”), a subsidiary of Jefferies, to us. These transfers were accomplished as a capital contribution from Jefferies and total equity increased by $476.5 million in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition. See Note 1, Organization and Basis of Presentation for further details.
The following presents our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash by category in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (in thousands):
May 31, 2021November 30, 2020February 28, 2022November 30, 2021
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$6,220,892 $7,111,929 Cash and cash equivalents$6,719,648 $8,813,564 
Cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes with clearing and depository organizationsCash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes with clearing and depository organizations843,356 570,084 Cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes with clearing and depository organizations838,092 1,015,107 
Other assetsOther assets84,026 — 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashTotal cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$7,064,248 $7,682,013 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$7,641,766 $9,828,671 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Index
NotePage

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Organization and Basis of Presentation
Organization
Jefferies Group LLC is the largest independent U.S.-headquartered global full service, integrated investment banking and securities firm. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements represent the accounts of Jefferies Group LLC and all our subsidiaries (together “we” or “us”). The subsidiaries of Jefferies Group LLC include Jefferies LLC, Jefferies International Limited, Jefferies GmbH, Jefferies Hong Kong Limited, Jefferies Financial Services, Inc., Jefferies Funding LLC, Jefferies Leveraged Credit Products, LLC and all other entities in which we have a controlling financial interest or are the primary beneficiary.
Jefferies Group LLC is a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of publicly traded Jefferies Financial Group Inc. (“Jefferies”). Jefferies does not guarantee any of our outstanding debt securities. Jefferies Group LLC is a Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) reporting company, filing annual, quarterly and periodic financial reports. Richard Handler, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, is the Chief Executive Officer of Jefferies, as well as a Director of Jefferies. Brian P. Friedman, our Chairman of the Executive Committee, is Jefferies’ President and a Director of Jefferies.
We operate in 2 reportable business segments: (1) Investment Banking and Capital Markets and (2) Asset Management. For further information on our reportable business segments, refer to Note 18,17, Segment Reporting.
Transfers from Jefferies
On December 1, 2021, Jefferies transferred certain loans and certain investments in securities and limited partnerships to us. In addition, Jefferies transferred its investment in Foursight, a subsidiary of Jefferies, to us. These transfers were accomplished as a capital contribution from Jefferies, and since we are under common control, these loans and investments and the assets and liabilities of Foursight were recorded at their carrying amounts. As a result of these transfers, our total assets increased by $1.27 billion, total liabilities increased by $800.4 million and total equity increased by $476.5 million in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition. Included in the total assets increase is cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash transferred of approximately $60.3 million included as financing activities in our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the three months ended February 28, 2022.
The transferred securities and limited partnership interests are subsequently accounted for in accordance with our existing accounting policies for Financial instruments owned and Loans to and investments in related parties. Certain transferred loans have been classified within Other assets in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition and are accounted for at amortized cost as the transfer did not qualify as an event upon which the fair value option for these loans could be elected. Principal transactions revenues related to the change in fair value of the investments classified in Financial instruments owned, at fair value, Other revenue related to our share of the investees’ earnings for investments classified in Loans to and investments in related parties and interest income on transferred loans are included within our results of operations as of the period beginning December 1, 2021 in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition and, accordingly, for the three months ended February 28, 2022 in our Consolidated Statement of Earnings.
From December 1, 2021, Foursight is consolidated by us. Foursight is engaged primarily in automobile lending. The net assets of Foursight in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition consist primarily of automobile loans classified within Receivables—Fees, interest and other and are accounted for at amortized cost, with a provision for current expected credit losses, and Other secured financings. The results of operations of Foursight, which consist primarily of Interest income, Other revenues related to servicing activities and operating expenses are included within our results of operations as of the period beginning December 1, 2021 and, accordingly, for the three months ended February 28, 2022 in our Consolidated Statement of Earnings.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2020.2021. Certain footnote disclosures included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 20202021 have been condensed or omitted from the consolidated financial statements as they are not required for interim reporting under U.S. GAAP. The Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the results for the interim period. The results presented in our Consolidated Financial Statements for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire year.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED
(Unaudited)
We have made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period to prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The most important of these estimates and assumptions relate to fair value measurements, compensation and benefits, goodwill and intangible assets, the ability to realize certain deferred tax assets and the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions. Although these and other estimates and assumptions are based on the best available information, actual results could be materially different from these estimates.
Consolidation
Our policy is to consolidate all entities that we control by ownership of a majority of the outstanding voting stock. In addition, we consolidate entities that meet the definition of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) for which we are the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the party who has the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and who has an obligation to absorb losses of the entity or a right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity. For consolidated entities that are less than wholly-owned, the third-party’s holding of equity interest is presented as Noncontrolling interests in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity. The portion of net earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interests is presented as Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
In situations in which we have significant influence, but not control, of an entity that does not qualify as a VIE, we apply either the equity method of accounting or fair value accounting pursuant to the fair value option election under U.S. GAAP, with our portion of net earnings or gains and losses recorded in Other revenues or Principal transactions revenues, respectively. We also have formed nonconsolidated investment vehicles with third-party investors that are typically organized as partnerships or limited liability companies and are carried at fair value. We act as general partner or managing member for these investment vehicles and have generally provided the third-party investors with termination or “kick-out” rights.
Intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED
(Unaudited)
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
For a detailed discussion about the Company’s significant accounting policies, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2020.2021.
During the sixthree months ended May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, there were no significant changes made to the Company’s significant accounting policies.policies except as follows.

Note 3. Accounting Developments
Adopted Accounting Standards
Income Taxes. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The objective of the guidance is to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and to provide more consistent application to improve the comparability of financial statements. We adopted the guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and the adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Consolidation. In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-17, Consolidation: Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities. The guidance requires indirect interests held through related parties under common control arrangements be considered on a proportional basis for determining whether fees paid to decision makers and service providers are variable interests. We adopted the guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and the adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Internal-Use Software. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software: Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract. The guidance amends the definition of a hosting arrangement and requires that the customer in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract capitalize certain implementation costs as if the arrangement was an internal-use software project. We adopted the guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and elected to apply the guidance prospectively to implementation costs incurred after the adoption date. The adoption did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements on the adoption date.
Defined Benefit Plans. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General: Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans. The objective of the guidance is to improve the effectiveness of disclosure requirements on defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement plans. We adopted the guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and the adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Goodwill. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which simplifies goodwill impairment testing. We adopted the guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and the adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Financial Instruments—Credit Losses. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Certain Financial Instruments. The guidance provides for estimating credit losses on financial assets measuredAssets Measured at amortized cost by introducing an approach based on expected losses over the financial asset's entire life, recorded at inception or purchase. We adopted the new credit loss guidance onAmortized Cost
On December 1, 20202021, Jefferies transferred its investment in Foursight, a subsidiary of Jefferies, to us. Foursight is engaged primarily in automobile lending. At February 28, 2022, we had automobile loans, including accrued interest and appliedrelated fees, of $836.1 million, which are classified as either held for investment or held for sale depending on the intent to hold the underlying collateral and which are collateralized by a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings upon adoption. At transition on December 1, 2020, the new accounting guidance's adoption resulted in a decreasesecurity interest in the provisionvehicles’ titles. Automobile loans held for investment consisted of approximately 18.1% with credit scores 680 and above, 48.7% with scores between 620 and 679 and 33.2% with scores below 620 at February 28, 2022. These loans are included in Receivables—fees, interest and other in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and are not carried at fair value. The automobile loans have a fair value of $868.7 million at February 28, 2022, which would be classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
Provision for credit losses of $3.6 million with a corresponding increaseare charged to income in retained earnings of $2.7 million, net of tax.amounts sufficient to maintain an allowance for credit losses inherent in automobile loans held for investment. The decrease was attributable to applying a revised provisioning methodologyallowance for credit losses is established systematically by management based on historical loss experience for our investment banking fee receivables. The impact upon adoption for our secured financing receivables (reverse repurchases agreements, securities borrowing arrangements, and margin loans) was immaterial becausethe determination of the contractual collateral maintenance provisions that require that the counterparty continually adjust the amount of collateralization securingcredit losses inherent in the credit exposure on these contracts. Forautomobile loans held for investment as of the remaining financial instruments within the guidance's scope, thereporting date. All automobile loans held for investment are collectively evaluated for impairment. Management's estimate of expected credit losses were also determined to be immaterial consideringis based on an evaluation of relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the counterparty's credit quality, an insignificant history of credit losses, or the short-term naturefuture collectability of the credit exposures. The updated accounting policyreported amounts. We use static pool modeling techniques to determine the allowance for estimating creditloan losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost as a resultexpected over the remaining life of this adoptionthe loans, which is outlined below.supplemented by management judgment. Expected losses are estimated for groups of accounts aggregated by monthly vintage.
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(Unaudited)
Credit Losses on Financial Assets Measured at Amortized Cost
Financial assets measured at amortized cost are presented atGenerally, the net amount expected to be collected and the measurement of credit losses and any expected increases or decreases in expected credit losses are recognizedprojected based on historical loss experience over the last eight years, more heavily weighted toward recent performance when determining the allowance to result in earnings. Thean estimate that is more reflective of the current internal and external environments. Our estimate of expected credit losses involves judgmentincludes a reasonable and supportable forecast period of two years and then reverts to an estimate based on an assessment overhistorical losses. We review charge-off experience factors, contractual delinquency, historical collection rates, the lifevalue of underlying collateral and other information to make the necessary judgments as to credit losses expected in the portfolio as of the financial instrument taking into consideration forecasts of expected future economic conditions. In evaluating secured financing receivables (reverse repurchases agreements, securities borrowing arrangements,reporting date. While management utilizes the best information available to make its evaluations, changes in macroeconomic conditions, interest rate environments, or both, may significantly impact the assumptions and margin loans),inputs used in determining the underlying collateral maintenance provisions are taken into consideration. The underlying contractual collateral maintenanceallowance for significantly all of our secured financing receivables requires that the counterparty continually adjust the collateralization amount, securing the credit exposure on these contracts. Collateralization levels for our secured financing receivables are initially established based upon the counterparty, the type of acceptable collateral that is monitored daily and adjusted to mitigate the potential of any credit losses. Credit losses are not recognized for secured financing receivables where the underlying collateral's fair valueOur charge-off policy is equal to or exceeds the asset's amortized cost basis. In cases where the collateral's fair value does not equal or exceed the amortized cost basis,based on a loan by loan review of delinquent loans.
A rollforward of the allowance for credit losses if any, is limited to the difference between the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date and the amortized cost basis of the financial assets. During the three and six months ended May 31, 2021, we incurred bad debt expense of $39.0 million related to our prime brokerage business.automobile loans for the three months ended February 28, 2022 is as follows (in thousands):
Our receivables from brokers, dealers,
Beginning balance (1)$67,236 
Provision for doubtful accounts7,545 
Charge-offs, net of recoveries(4,672)
Ending balance$70,109 
(1)The beginning balance is at December 1, 2021 and clearing organizations include depositsis related to Jefferies’ transfer of cash with exchange clearing organizationsits investment in Foursight to meet margin requirements, amounts due from clearing organizations for daily variation settlements, securities failed-to-deliver or receive, receivables and payables for fees and commissions, and receivables arising from unsettled securities or loans transactions. These receivables generally do not give rise to material credit risk and have a remote probability of default either because of their short-term nature or due to the credit protection framework inherent in the design and operations of brokers, dealers and clearing organizations. As such, generally, no allowance for credit losses is held against these receivables.
For all other financial assets measured at amortized cost, we estimate expected credit losses over the financial assets' life as of the reporting date based on relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.us.
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(Unaudited)
Note 4.3. Fair Value Disclosures
The following is a summary of our financial assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis, excluding Investments at fair value based on net asset value (“NAV”) of $900.2 million$1.16 billion and $956.0 million$1.01 billion at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, respectively, by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
May 31, 2021February 28, 2022
Level 1Level 2Level 3Counterparty and
Cash Collateral
Netting (1)
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Counterparty and
Cash Collateral
Netting (1)
Total
Assets:Assets:Assets:
Financial instruments owned:Financial instruments owned:Financial instruments owned:
Corporate equity securitiesCorporate equity securities$2,816,012 $125,957 $71,724 $— $3,013,693 Corporate equity securities$3,136,424 $114,692 $108,156 $— $3,359,272 
Corporate debt securitiesCorporate debt securities3,735,133 7,985 — 3,743,118 Corporate debt securities— 3,625,740 42,358 — 3,668,098 
Collateralized debt obligations and collateralized loan obligationsCollateralized debt obligations and collateralized loan obligations186,271 26,466 — 212,737 Collateralized debt obligations and collateralized loan obligations— 870,505 45,219 — 915,724 
U.S. government and federal agency securitiesU.S. government and federal agency securities3,505,313 167,456 — 3,672,769 U.S. government and federal agency securities3,767,868 50,574 — — 3,818,442 
Municipal securitiesMunicipal securities363,812 — 363,812 Municipal securities— 480,000 — — 480,000 
Sovereign obligationsSovereign obligations1,203,666 1,110,548 — 2,314,214 Sovereign obligations1,177,045 932,076 23 — 2,109,144 
Residential mortgage-backed securitiesResidential mortgage-backed securities811,879 6,033 — 817,912 Residential mortgage-backed securities— 798,936 1,186 — 800,122 
Commercial mortgage-backed securitiesCommercial mortgage-backed securities572,370 1,176 — 573,546 Commercial mortgage-backed securities— 181,635 3,732 — 185,367 
Other asset-backed securitiesOther asset-backed securities393,495 70,555 — 464,050 Other asset-backed securities— 624,575 62,382 — 686,957 
Loans and other receivablesLoans and other receivables2,768,540 119,550 — 2,888,090 Loans and other receivables— 3,428,850 137,942 — 3,566,792 
DerivativesDerivatives2,793 2,888,792 55,394 (2,546,358)400,621 Derivatives4,659 3,665,534 13,144 (3,245,884)437,453 
Investments at fair valueInvestments at fair value6,518 40,385 — 46,903 Investments at fair value— 4,565 125,824 — 130,389 
Total financial instruments owned, excluding Investments at fair value based on NAVTotal financial instruments owned, excluding Investments at fair value based on NAV$7,527,784 $13,130,771 $399,268 $(2,546,358)$18,511,465 Total financial instruments owned, excluding Investments at fair value based on NAV$8,085,996 $14,777,682 $539,966 $(3,245,884)$20,157,760 
Securities received as collateralSecurities received as collateral$973 $— $— $— $973 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Corporate equity securitiesCorporate equity securities$2,313,048 $3,660 $4,462 $— $2,321,170 Corporate equity securities$2,031,781 $13,988 $5,666 $— $2,051,435 
Corporate debt securitiesCorporate debt securities2,053,152 927 — 2,054,079 Corporate debt securities— 2,405,463 7,308 — 2,412,771 
U.S. government and federal agency securitiesU.S. government and federal agency securities2,155,547 — 2,155,547 U.S. government and federal agency securities4,615,370 — — — 4,615,370 
Sovereign obligationsSovereign obligations1,062,934 1,149,771 — 2,212,705 Sovereign obligations1,302,485 888,806 1,159 — 2,192,450 
Commercial mortgage-backed securitiesCommercial mortgage-backed securities35 — 35 Commercial mortgage-backed securities— — 315 — 315 
LoansLoans2,325,115 20,389 — 2,345,504 Loans— 2,486,780 11,541 — 2,498,321 
DerivativesDerivatives1,049 3,601,531 282,452 (3,016,439)868,593 Derivatives2,825 4,333,655 60,914 (3,485,329)912,065 
Total financial instruments sold, not yet purchasedTotal financial instruments sold, not yet purchased$5,532,578 $9,133,229 $308,265 $(3,016,439)$11,957,633 Total financial instruments sold, not yet purchased$7,952,461 $10,128,692 $86,903 $(3,485,329)$14,682,727 
Other secured financingsOther secured financings$$$2,493 $— $2,493 Other secured financings$— $125,631 $32,377 $— $158,008 
Obligation to return securities received as collateralObligation to return securities received as collateral$973 $— $— $— $973 
Long-term debtLong-term debt$$1,024,877 $795,098 $— $1,819,975 Long-term debt$— $967,703 $794,460 $— $1,762,163 
(1)Represents counterparty and cash collateral netting across the levels of the fair value hierarchy for positions with the same counterparty.
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(Unaudited)
November 30, 2020November 30, 2021
Level 1Level 2Level 3Counterparty and
Cash Collateral
Netting (1)
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Counterparty and
Cash Collateral
Netting (1)
Total
Assets:Assets:Assets:
Financial instruments owned:Financial instruments owned:Financial instruments owned:
Corporate equity securitiesCorporate equity securities$2,331,440 $58,159 $75,797 $— $2,465,396 Corporate equity securities$2,567,690 $199,244 $76,082 $— $2,843,016 
Corporate debt securitiesCorporate debt securities2,954,201 23,146 — 2,977,347 Corporate debt securities— 3,836,303 11,803 — 3,848,106 
Collateralized debt obligations and collateralized loan obligationsCollateralized debt obligations and collateralized loan obligations64,155 10,513 — 74,668 Collateralized debt obligations and collateralized loan obligations— 579,518 31,944 — 611,462 
U.S. government and federal agency securitiesU.S. government and federal agency securities2,840,025 91,653 — 2,931,678 U.S. government and federal agency securities3,045,295 68,784 — — 3,114,079 
Municipal securitiesMunicipal securities453,881 — 453,881 Municipal securities— 509,559 — — 509,559 
Sovereign obligationsSovereign obligations1,962,346 591,342 — 2,553,688 Sovereign obligations899,086 654,199 — — 1,553,285 
Residential mortgage-backed securitiesResidential mortgage-backed securities1,100,849 21,826 — 1,122,675 Residential mortgage-backed securities— 1,168,246 1,477 — 1,169,723 
Commercial mortgage-backed securitiesCommercial mortgage-backed securities736,291 2,003 — 738,294 Commercial mortgage-backed securities— 196,419 2,333 — 198,752 
Other asset-backed securitiesOther asset-backed securities103,611 79,995 — 183,606 Other asset-backed securities— 337,022 93,524 — 430,546 
Loans and other receivablesLoans and other receivables2,610,746 77,042 — 2,687,788 Loans and other receivables— 3,363,050 74,585 — 3,437,635 
DerivativesDerivatives1,523 2,000,752 21,678 (1,556,136)467,817 Derivatives4,429 3,858,848 10,248 (3,304,566)568,959 
Investments at fair valueInvestments at fair value6,122 67,108 — 73,230 Investments at fair value— 4,236 34,557 — 38,793 
Total financial instruments owned, excluding Investments at fair value based on NAVTotal financial instruments owned, excluding Investments at fair value based on NAV$7,135,334 $10,771,762 $379,108 $(1,556,136)$16,730,068 Total financial instruments owned, excluding Investments at fair value based on NAV$6,516,500 $14,775,428 $336,553 $(3,304,566)$18,323,915 
Securities received as collateralSecurities received as collateral$7,517 $$$— $7,517 Securities received as collateral$7,289 $— $— $— $7,289 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Corporate equity securitiesCorporate equity securities$2,046,441 $9,046 $4,434 $— $2,059,921 Corporate equity securities$1,671,696 $19,654 $4,635 $— $1,695,985 
Corporate debt securitiesCorporate debt securities1,237,631 141 — 1,237,772 Corporate debt securities— 2,111,777 482 — 2,112,259 
U.S. government and federal agency securitiesU.S. government and federal agency securities2,609,660 — 2,609,660 U.S. government and federal agency securities2,457,420 — — — 2,457,420 
Sovereign obligationsSovereign obligations1,050,771 624,740 — 1,675,511 Sovereign obligations935,801 593,040 — — 1,528,841 
Residential mortgage-backed securitiesResidential mortgage-backed securities477 — 477 Residential mortgage-backed securities— 719 — — 719 
Commercial mortgage-backed securitiesCommercial mortgage-backed securities35 — 35 Commercial mortgage-backed securities— — 210 — 210 
LoansLoans1,776,446 16,635 — 1,793,081 Loans— 2,476,087 15,770 — 2,491,857 
DerivativesDerivatives551 2,391,478 47,695 (1,798,659)641,065 Derivatives1,815 5,024,682 78,017 (3,701,010)1,403,504 
Total financial instruments sold, not yet purchasedTotal financial instruments sold, not yet purchased$5,707,423 $6,039,818 $68,940 $(1,798,659)$10,017,522 Total financial instruments sold, not yet purchased$5,066,732 $10,225,959 $99,114 $(3,701,010)$11,690,795 
Short-term borrowings$$5,067 $$— $5,067 
Other secured financingsOther secured financings$$$1,543 $— $1,543 Other secured financings$— $76,883 $25,905 $— $102,788 
Obligation to return securities received as collateralObligation to return securities received as collateral$7,517 $$$— $7,517 Obligation to return securities received as collateral$7,289 $— $— $— $7,289 
Long-term debtLong-term debt$$1,036,217 $676,028 $— $1,712,245 Long-term debt$— $961,866 $881,732 $— $1,843,598 
(1)Represents counterparty and cash collateral netting across the levels of the fair value hierarchy for positions with the same counterparty.
The following is a description of the valuation basis, including valuation techniques and inputs, used in measuring our financial assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis:
Corporate Equity Securities
Exchange-Traded Equity Securities: Exchange-traded equity securities are measured based on quoted closing exchange prices, which are generally obtained from external pricing services, and are categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy, otherwise they are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. To the extent these securities are actively traded, valuation adjustments are not applied.
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Non-Exchange-Traded Equity Securities: Non-exchange-traded equity securities are measured primarily using broker quotations, pricing data from external pricing services and prices observed from recently executed market transactions and are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Where such information is not available, non-exchange-traded equity securities are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and measured using valuation techniques involving quoted prices of or market data for comparable companies, similar company ratios and multiples (e.g., price/Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), price/book value), discounted cash flow analyses and transaction prices observed from subsequent financing or capital issuance by the company. When using pricing data of comparable companies, judgment must be applied to adjust the pricing data to account for differences between the measured security and the comparable security (e.g., issuer market capitalization, yield, dividend rate, geographical concentration).
Equity Warrants: Non-exchange-traded equity warrants are measured primarily from observed prices on recently executed market transactions and broker quotations and are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Where such information is not available, non-exchange-traded equity warrants are generally categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and can be measured using third-party valuation services or the Black-Scholes model with key inputs impacting the valuation including the underlying security price, implied volatility, dividend yield, interest rate curve, strike price and maturity date.
Corporate Debt Securities
Investment Grade Corporate Bonds: Investment grade corporate bonds are measured primarily using pricing data from external pricing services and broker quotations, where available, prices observed from recently executed market transactions and bond spreads or credit default swap spreads of the issuer adjusted for basis differences between the swap curve and the bond curve. Investment grade corporate bonds measured using these valuation methods are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. If broker quotes, pricing data or spread data is not available, alternative valuation techniques are used including cash flow models incorporating interest rate curves, single name or index credit default swap curves for comparable issuers and recovery rate assumptions. Investment grade corporate bonds measured using alternative valuation techniques are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and are a limited portion of our investment grade corporate bonds.
High Yield Corporate and Convertible Bonds: A significant portion of our high yield corporate and convertible bonds are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and are measured primarily using broker quotations and pricing data from external pricing services, where available, and prices observed from recently executed market transactions of institutional size. Where pricing data is less observable, valuations are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and are based on pending transactions involving the issuer or comparable issuers, prices implied from an issuer’s subsequent financing or recapitalization, models incorporating financial ratios and projected cash flows of the issuer and market prices for comparable issuers.
Collateralized Debt Obligations and Collateralized Loan Obligations
Collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”) and collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) are measured based on prices observed from recently executed market transactions of the same or similar security or based on valuations received from third-party brokers or data providers and are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy depending on the observability and significance of the pricing inputs. Valuation that is based on recently executed market transactions of similar securities incorporates additional review and analysis of pricing inputs and comparability criteria, including, but not limited to, collateral type, tranche type, rating, origination year, prepayment rates, default rates and loss severity.
U.S. Government and Federal Agency Securities
U.S. Treasury Securities: U.S. Treasury securities are measured based on quoted market prices obtained from external pricing services and categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
U.S. Agency Debt Securities: Callable and non-callable U.S. agency debt securities are measured primarily based on quoted market prices obtained from external pricing services and are generally categorized within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Municipal Securities
Municipal securities are measured based on quoted prices obtained from external pricing services, where available, or recently executed independent transactions of comparable size and are generally categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
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Sovereign Obligations
Sovereign government obligations are measured based on quoted market prices obtained from external pricing services, where available, or recently executed independent transactions of comparable size. Sovereign government obligations, with consideration given to the country of issuance, are generally categorized within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. High price volatility was observed for certain sovereign bonds given the recent geopolitical tensions in Eastern Europe, which resulted in Level 3 classification for certain obligations given the wide price dispersion in available external pricing data.
Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities
Agency Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities (“RMBS”): Agency RMBS include mortgage pass-through securities (fixed and adjustable rate), collateralized mortgage obligations and principal-only and interest-only (including inverse interest-only) securities. Agency RMBS are generally measured using recent transactions, pricing data from external pricing services or expected future cash flow techniques that incorporate prepayment models and other prepayment assumptions to amortize the underlying mortgage loan collateral and are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. We use prices observed from recently executed transactions to develop market-clearing spread and yield assumptions. Valuation inputs with regard to the underlying collateral incorporate factors such as weighted average coupon, loan-to-value, credit scores, geographic location, maximum and average loan size, originator, servicer and weighted average loan age.
Non-Agency RMBS: The fair value of non-agency RMBS is determined primarily using pricing data from external pricing services, where available, and discounted cash flow methodologies and securities are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy based on the observability and significance of the pricing inputs used. Performance attributes of the underlying mortgage loans are evaluated to estimate pricing inputs, such as prepayment rates, default rates and the severity of credit losses. Attributes of the underlying mortgage loans that affect the pricing inputs include, but are not limited to, weighted average coupon; average and maximum loan size; loan-to-value; credit scores; documentation type; geographic location; weighted average loan age; originator; servicer; historical prepayment, default and loss severity experience of the mortgage loan pool; and delinquency rate. Yield curves used in the discounted cash flow models are based on observed market prices for comparable securities and published interest rate data to estimate market yields. In addition, broker quotes, where available, are also referenced to compare prices primarily on interest-only securities.
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities
Agency Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (“CMBS”): Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”Ginnie Mae”) project loan bonds are measured based on inputs corroborated from and benchmarked to observed prices of recent securitization transactions of similar securities with adjustments incorporating an evaluation of various factors, including prepayment speeds, default rates and cash flow structures. Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”Fannie Mae”) Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (“DUS”) mortgage-backed securities are generally measured by using prices observed from recently executed market transactions to estimate market-clearing spread levels for purposes of estimating fair value. GNMAGinnie Mae project loan bonds and FNMAFannie Mae DUS mortgage-backed securities are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Non-Agency CMBS: Non-agency CMBS are measured using pricing data obtained from external pricing services, prices observed from recently executed market transactions or based on expected cash flow models that incorporate underlying loan collateral characteristics and performance. Non-Agency CMBS are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy depending on the observability of the underlying inputs.
Other Asset-Backed Securities
Other asset-backed securities (“ABS”) include, but are not limited to, securities backed by autoautomobile loans, credit card receivables, student loans and other consumer loans and are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Valuations are primarily determined using pricing data obtained from external pricing services, broker quotes and prices observed from recently executed market transactions. In addition, recent transaction data from comparable deals is deployed to develop market clearing yields and cumulative loss assumptions. The cumulative loss assumptions are based on the analysis of the underlying collateral and comparisons to earlier deals from the same issuer to gauge the relative performance of the deal.
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Loans and Other Receivables
Corporate Loans: Corporate loans categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are measured based on market consensus pricing service quotations. Where available, market price quotations from external pricing services are reviewed to ensure they are supported by transaction data. Corporate loans categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are measured based on price quotations that are considered to be less transparent, for example, derived using market prices for debt securities of the same creditor and estimates of future cash flows incorporating assumptions regarding creditor default and recovery rates and consideration of the issuer’s capital structure.
Participation Certificates in Agency Residential Loans: Valuations of participation certificates in agency residential loans are based on observed market prices of recently executed purchases and sales of similar loans and data provider pricing. The loan participation certificates are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy given the observability and volume of recently executed transactions and availability of data provider pricing.
Project Loans and Participation Certificates in GNMAGinnie Mae Project and Construction Loans: Valuations of participation certificates in GNMAGinnie Mae project and construction loans are based on inputs corroborated from and benchmarked to observed prices of recent securitizations with similar underlying loan collateral to derive an implied spread. Securitization prices are adjusted to estimate the fair value of the loans to account for the arbitrage that is realized at the time of securitization. The measurements are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy given the observability and volume of recently executed transactions.
Consumer Loans and Funding Facilities: Consumer and small business whole loans and related funding facilities are valued based on observed market transactions and incorporating valuation inputs including, but not limited to, delinquency and default rates, prepayment rates, borrower characteristics, loan risk grades and loan age. These assets are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Escrow and Claim Receivables: Escrow and claim receivables are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy where fair value is based on recent observations in the same receivable. Escrow and claim receivables are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy where fair value is estimated based on reference to market prices and implied yields of debt securities of the same or similar issuers. Escrow and claim receivables are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy where fair value is based on recent observations in the same receivable.
Derivatives
Listed Derivative Contracts: Listed derivative contracts that are actively traded are measured based on quoted exchange prices, broker quotes or vanilla option valuation models, such as Black-Scholes, using observable valuation inputs from the principal market or consensus pricing services. Exchange quotes and/or valuation inputs are generally obtained from external vendors and pricing services. Broker quotes are validated directly through observable and tradeable quotes. Listed derivative contracts that use unadjusted exchange close prices are generally categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. All other listed derivative contracts are generally categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Over-the-Counter (“OTC”) Derivative Contracts: OTC derivative contracts are generally valued using models, whose inputs reflect assumptions that we believe market participants would use in valuing the derivative in a current transaction. Where available, valuation inputs are calibrated from observable market data. For many OTC derivative contracts, the valuation models do not involve material subjectivity as the methodologies do not entail significant judgment and the inputs to valuation models do not involve a high degree of subjectivity as the valuation model inputs are readily observable or can be derived from actively quoted markets. OTC derivative contracts are primarily categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy given the observability and significance of the inputs to the valuation models. Where significant inputs to the valuation are unobservable, derivative instruments are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
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OTC options include OTC equity, foreign exchange, interest rate and commodity options measured using various valuation models, such as Black-Scholes, with key inputs including the underlying security price, foreign exchange spot rate, commodity price, implied volatility, dividend yield, interest rate curve, strike price and maturity date. Discounted cash flow models are utilized to measure certain OTC derivative contracts including the valuations of our interest rate swaps, which incorporate observable inputs related to interest rate curves, valuations of our foreign exchange forwards and swaps, which incorporate observable inputs related to foreign currency spot rates and forward curves and valuations of our commodity swaps and forwards, which incorporate observable inputs related to commodity spot prices and forward curves. Discounted cash flow models are also utilized to measure certain variable funding note swaps, which are backed by CLOs and incorporates constant prepayment rate, constant default rate and loss severity assumptions. Credit default swaps include both index and single-name credit default swaps. Where available, external data is used in measuring index credit default swaps and single-name credit default swaps. For commodity and equity total return swaps, market prices are generally observable for the underlying asset and used as the basis for measuring the fair value of the derivative contracts. Total return swaps executed on other underlyings are measured based on valuations received from external pricing services.
Investments at Fair Value
Investments at fair value includes investments in hedge funds fund of funds and private equity funds, which are measured at the NAV of the funds, provided by the fund managers and are excluded from the fair value hierarchy. Investments at fair value also include direct equity investments in private companies, which are measured at fair value using valuation techniques internally or by third-party valuation services involving quoted prices of or marketperformance data, for comparable companies, similar company ratios and multiples (e.g., price/EBITDA, price/book value), for comparable companies, discounted cash flow analyses and transaction prices observed for subsequent financing or capital issuance by the company. Direct equity investments in private companies are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
The following tables present information about our investments in entities that have the characteristics of an investment company (in thousands):
May 31, 2021February 28, 2022
Fair Value (1)Unfunded
Commitments
Fair Value (1)Unfunded
Commitments
Equity Long/Short Hedge Funds (2)Equity Long/Short Hedge Funds (2)$363,945 $Equity Long/Short Hedge Funds (2)$413,151 $— 
Equity Funds (3)Equity Funds (3)28,376 11,043 Equity Funds (3)51,341 41,532 
Commodity Funds (4)Commodity Funds (4)23,311 Commodity Funds (4)23,636 — 
Multi-asset Funds (5)Multi-asset Funds (5)406,405 Multi-asset Funds (5)366,855 — 
Other Funds (6)Other Funds (6)78,175 21,750 Other Funds (6)304,424 25,335 
TotalTotal$900,212 $32,793 Total$1,159,407 $66,867 
November 30, 2020November 30, 2021
Fair Value (1)Unfunded
Commitments
Fair Value (1)Unfunded
Commitments
Equity Long/Short Hedge Funds (2)Equity Long/Short Hedge Funds (2)$328,096 $Equity Long/Short Hedge Funds (2)$466,231 $— 
Equity Funds (3)Equity Funds (3)23,821 11,242 Equity Funds (3)32,412 10,593 
Commodity Funds (4)Commodity Funds (4)17,747 Commodity Funds (4)24,401 — 
Multi-asset Funds (5)Multi-asset Funds (5)561,236 Multi-asset Funds (5)390,224 — 
Other Funds (6)Other Funds (6)25,084 5,000 Other Funds (6)99,054 36,090 
TotalTotal$955,984 $16,242 Total$1,012,322 $46,683 
(1)Where fair value is calculated based on NAV, fair value has been derived from each of the funds’ capital statements.
(2)This category includes investments in hedge funds that invest, long and short, primarily in both public and private equity securities in domestic and international markets. At both May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, approximately 94%73% and 74%, respectively, are redeemable quarterly with 90 days prior written notice on December 31, 2021. At both February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, approximately 21% of the fair value of investments in this category cannot be redeemed because these investments include restrictions that do not allow for redemption before December 31, 2021. At both May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, approximately 6% of the fair value of2023. The remaining investments in this category are redeemable quarterly with 60 days prior written notice.
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(3)The investments in this category include investments in equity funds that invest in the equity of various U.S. and foreign private companies in the energy, technology, internet service and telecommunication servicea broad range of industries. These investments cannot be redeemed; instead, distributions are received through the liquidation of the underlying assets of the funds which are primarily expected to be liquidated in approximately one to seventhirteen years.
(4)This category includes investments in a hedge fund that invests, long and short, primarily in commodities. Investments in this category are redeemable quarterly with 60 days prior written notice.
(5)This category includes investments in hedge funds that invest, long and short, primarily in multi-asset securities in domestic and international markets in both the public and private sectors. At May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, investments representing approximately 80%82% and 57%78%, respectively, of the fair value of investments in this category are redeemable monthly with 60 days prior written notice. At February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, approximately 18% and 22%, respectively, of the fair value of investments in this category are redeemable quarterly with 90 days prior written notice.
(6)This category includes investments in a fund that invests in short-term trade receivables and payables that are expected to generally be outstanding between 90 to 120 days and short-term credit instruments. This category also includes investments in a fund that invests in distressed and special situations long and short credit strategies across sectors and asset types. Investments in this category are redeemable quarterly with 90 days prior written notice.
Other Secured Financings
Other secured financings that are accounted for at fair value are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Fair value is based on estimates of future cash flows incorporating assumptions regarding recovery rates.
Securities Received as Collateral / Obligations to Return Securities Received as Collateral
In connection with securities-for-securities transactions in which we are the lender of securities and are permitted to sell or repledge the securities received as collateral, we report the fair value of the collateral received and the related obligation to return the collateral. Valuation is based on the price of the underlying security and is categorized within the corresponding leveling guidance above and is specific for each asset type.above. These financial instruments are typically categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
Short-term Borrowings / Long-term DebtOther Secured Financings
Short-term borrowingsOther secured financings that are accounted for at fair value include equity-linked notes, which are generally categorizedclassified within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, as the fairhierarchy. Fair value is based on the priceestimates of the underlying equity security. future cash flows incorporating assumptions regarding recovery rates.
Long-term Debt
Long-term debt includes variable rate, fixed-to-floating rate, equity-linked notes, constant maturity swap, digital and Bermudan structured notes. These are valued using various valuation models that incorporate our own credit spread, market price quotations from external pricing sources referencing the appropriate interest rate curves, volatilities and other inputs as well as prices for transactions in a given note during the period. Long-term debt notes are generally categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy where market trades have been observed during the period or model pricing is available, otherwise the notes are categorized within Level 3.

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Level 3 Rollforwards
The following is a summary of changes in fair value of our financial assets and liabilities that have been categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three months ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 (in thousands):

Three Months Ended May 31, 2021Three Months Ended February 28, 2022
Balance at February 28, 2021Total gains/losses (realized and unrealized) (1)PurchasesSalesSettlementsIssuancesNet transfers into/
(out of) Level 3
Balance at May 31, 2021
For instruments still held at
 May 31, 2021 changes in
unrealized gains/(losses) included in:
Balance at November 30, 2021Total gains/losses (realized and unrealized) (1)PurchasesSalesSettlementsIssuancesNet transfers into/
(out of) Level 3
Balance at February 28, 2022
For instruments still held at
 February 28, 2022 changes in
unrealized gains/(losses) included in:
Earnings (1)Other comprehensive income (1)Earnings (1)Other comprehensive income (1)
Assets:Assets:Assets:
Financial instruments owned:Financial instruments owned:Financial instruments owned:
Corporate equity securitiesCorporate equity securities$83,278 $12,057 $448 $(24,561)$$$502 $71,724 $(911)$Corporate equity securities$76,082 $7,325 $18,786 $(706)$(651)$— $7,320 $108,156 $6,566 $— 
Corporate debt securitiesCorporate debt securities6,811 1,292 4,116 (5,870)(132)1,768 7,985 963 Corporate debt securities11,803 (1,176)125,968 (103,602)(9)— 9,374 42,358 (1,929)— 
CDOs and CLOsCDOs and CLOs25,894 6,557 4,287 (29,324)(1,072)20,124 26,466 2,888 CDOs and CLOs31,944 (671)13,523 (7,740)(1,643)— 9,806 45,219 (906)— 
Sovereign obligationsSovereign obligations— (306)3,780 (3,451)— — — 23 (60)— 
RMBSRMBS21,692 205 (612)(15,252)6,033 (36)RMBS1,477 (69)— (187)(35)— — 1,186 (44)— 
CMBSCMBS2,671 201 (1,696)1,176 (824)CMBS2,333 1,177 — — — — 222 3,732 1,655 — 
Other ABSOther ABS60,594 3,575 12,835 (1,099)(14,408)9,058 70,555 819 Other ABS93,524 2,033 11,590 (14,485)(14,269)— (16,011)62,382 (3,661)— 
Loans and other receivablesLoans and other receivables79,055 1,981 26,948 (8,070)(156)19,792 119,550 (127)Loans and other receivables74,585 (4,737)72,203 (17,710)— — 13,601 137,942 (4,585)— 
Investments at fair valueInvestments at fair value45,472 (4,037)133 (1,183)40,385 (4,037)Investments at fair value34,557 26,430 72,278 (6,826)(615)— — 125,824 22,953 — 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Corporate equity securitiesCorporate equity securities$4,443 $42 $(23)$$$$$4,462 $(40)$Corporate equity securities$4,635 $(3,447)$(812)$5,050 $— $— $240 $5,666 $3,447 $— 
Corporate debt securitiesCorporate debt securities1,571 (22)(665)27 16 927 (38)Corporate debt securities482 (8,866)(63,714)66,976 — — 12,430 7,308 5,210 — 
Sovereign obligationsSovereign obligations— (1,362)(99,374)101,911 — — (16)1,159 54 — 
CMBSCMBS35 (35)35 35 CMBS210 — — 105 — — — 315 — — 
LoansLoans14,916 (7)(637)6,330 44 (257)20,389 (167)Loans15,770 (46)(13,125)2,695 — — 6,247 11,541 (135)— 
Net derivatives (2)Net derivatives (2)305,506 (8,965)(36)33,715 593 (103,755)227,058 8,372 Net derivatives (2)67,769 (54,836)— — — 35,069 (232)47,770 53,352 — 
Other secured financingsOther secured financings2,168 325 2,493 Other secured financings25,905 — — — — 6,472 — 32,377 — — 
Long-term debtLong-term debt723,115 15,986 28,565 27,432 795,098 3,057 (19,043)Long-term debt881,732 (92,871)— — — 23,753 (18,154)794,460 60,739 32,132 
(1)Realized and unrealized gains/losses are primarily reported in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Changes in instrument-specific credit risk related to structured notes within Long-term debt are included in our Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, net of tax.
(2)Net derivatives represent Financial instruments owned—Derivatives and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased—Derivatives.
Analysis of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities for the Three Months Ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022
During the three months ended May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, transfers of assets of $57.8$64.8 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
CDOs and CLOs of $18.8 million, Loans and other receivables of $20.9$16.1 million, CDOs and CLOs of $20.1 million and Other ABS of $13.5$12.9 million, Corporate debt securities of $9.4 million and Corporate equity securities of $7.4 million due to reduced pricing transparency.
During the three months ended May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, transfers of assets of $21.8$40.5 million from Level 3 to Level 2 are primarily attributed to:
RMBS of $15.3 million and Other ABS of $4.4$28.9 million, CDOs and CLOs of $9.0 million and Loans and other receivables of $2.4 million due to greater pricing transparency supporting classification into Level 2.
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During the three months ended May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, transfers of liabilities of $78.1$72.6 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
Net derivatives of $50.5$27.9 million, and structured notes within Long-term debt of $27.4$25.8 million, Corporate debt securities of $12.4 million and Loans of $6.2 million due to reduced pricing and market transparency.
During the three months ended May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, transfers of liabilities of $154.7$72.1 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
Structured notes within Long-term debt of $44.0 million and Net derivatives of $154.2$28.1 million due to greater market and pricing transparency.
Net gains on Level 3 assets were $21.8$30.0 million and net lossesgains on Level 3 liabilities were $7.0$161.4 million for the three months ended May 31, 2021.February 28, 2022. Net gains on Level 3 assets were primarily due to increased market values across Investments at fair value and Corporate equity securities, CDOspartially offset by decreases in Loans and CLOs and Other ABS.other receivables. Net lossesgains on Level 3 liabilities were primarily due to increaseddecreased valuations of structured notes within Long-term debt, partially offset by decreases in certain derivatives.derivatives and Corporate debt securities.
The following is a summary of changes in fair value of our financial assets and liabilities that have been categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the sixthree months ended May 31,February 28, 2021 (in thousands):
Six Months Ended May 31, 2021Three Months Ended February 28, 2021
Balance at November 30, 2020Total gains/losses (realized and unrealized) (1)PurchasesSalesSettlementsIssuancesNet transfers into/
(out of) Level 3
Balance at May 31, 2021
For instruments still held at
 May 31, 2021 changes in
unrealized gains/(losses) included in:
Balance at November 30, 2020Total gains/losses (realized and unrealized) (1)PurchasesSalesSettlementsIssuancesNet transfers into/
(out of) Level 3
Balance at February 28, 2021
For instruments still held at
February 28, 2021, changes in unrealized gains/(losses) included in:
Earnings (1)Other comprehensive income (1)Earnings (1)Other comprehensive income (1)
Assets:Assets:Assets:
Financial instruments owned:Financial instruments owned:Financial instruments owned:
Corporate equity securitiesCorporate equity securities$75,797 $14,329 $8,288 $(37,297)$$$10,607 $71,724 $(653)$Corporate equity securities$75,797 $1,309 $4,805 $(4,647)$— $— $6,014 $83,278 $135 $— 
Corporate debt securitiesCorporate debt securities23,146 2,466 4,370 (5,960)(132)(15,905)7,985 1,492 Corporate debt securities23,146 266 130 (6)— — (16,725)6,811 297 — 
CDOs and CLOsCDOs and CLOs10,513 9,695 16,510 (27,251)(1,142)18,141 26,466 6,808 CDOs and CLOs10,513 3,840 11,427 (8,007)(5,652)— 13,773 25,894 3,368 — 
RMBSRMBS21,826 33 799 (784)(1,126)(14,715)6,033 88 RMBS21,826 1,327 791 (627)(514)— (1,111)21,692 1,347 — 
CMBSCMBS2,003 158 1,119 (393)(1,696)(15)1,176 (740)CMBS2,003 (29)1,105 (393)— — (15)2,671 97 — 
Other ABSOther ABS79,995 6,373 34,476 (27,647)(26,465)3,823 70,555 1,158 Other ABS79,995 2,361 14,604 (20,909)(8,449)— (7,008)60,594 1,721 — 
Loans and other receivablesLoans and other receivables77,042 4,312 37,431 (50,556)(273)51,594 119,550 878 Loans and other receivables77,042 1,642 8,758 (44,427)(66)— 36,106 79,055 1,656 — 
Investments at fair valueInvestments at fair value67,108 (2,098)133 (23,575)(1,183)40,385 (3,989)Investments at fair value67,108 1,939 — (23,575)— — — 45,472 1,939 — 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Corporate equity securitiesCorporate equity securities$4,434 $64 $(23)$$$$(13)$4,462 $(62)$Corporate equity securities$4,434 $$— $— $— $— $— $4,443 $(22)$— 
Corporate debt securitiesCorporate debt securities141 1,349 (563)927 (414)Corporate debt securities141 1,430 — — — — — 1,571 (1,430)— 
CMBSCMBS35 (35)35 35 CMBS35 — (35)35 — — — 35 — — 
LoansLoans16,635 1,441 (6,872)8,817 368 20,389 (884)Loans16,635 1,559 (6,821)3,358 — — 185 14,916 (1,559)— 
Net derivatives (2)Net derivatives (2)26,017 16,813 (82)66,304 506 117,500 227,058 (17,358)Net derivatives (2)26,017 43,727 — 12,670 (92)— 223,184 305,506 (43,727)— 
Other secured financingsOther secured financings1,543 950 2,493 Other secured financings1,543 — — — — 625 — 2,168 — — 
Long-term debtLong-term debt676,028 41,064 50,295 27,711 795,098 20,565 (61,629)Long-term debt676,028 25,357 — — — 21,730 — 723,115 15,501 (40,858)
(1)Realized and unrealized gains/losses are primarily reported in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Changes in instrument-specific credit risk related to structured notes within Long-term debt are included in our Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, net of tax.
(2)Net derivatives represent Financial instruments owned—Derivatives and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased—Derivatives.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED
(Unaudited)
Analysis of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities for the SixThree Months Ended May 31,February 28, 2021
During the sixthree months ended May 31,February 28, 2021, transfers of assets of $99.7$75.8 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
Loans and other receivables of $58.3$42.9 million, CDOs and CLOs of $18.2$14.6 million, Corporate equity securities of $11.0$9.9 million and Other ABS of $10.5$7.5 million due to reduced pricing transparency.
During the sixthree months ended May 31,February 28, 2021, transfers of assets of $46.1$44.7 million from Level 3 to Level 2 are primarily attributed to:
Corporate debt securities of $17.5 million, RMBS of $14.7 million, Other ABS of $6.7$14.5 million and Loans and other receivables of $6.7$6.8 million due to greater pricing transparency supporting classification into Level 2.
During the sixthree months ended May 31,February 28, 2021, transfers of liabilities of $162.9$236.7 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
Net derivatives of $134.8 million and structured notes within Long-term debt of $27.7$236.5 million due to reduced pricing and market transparency.
During the sixthree months ended May 31,February 28, 2021, transfers of liabilities of $17.3$13.3 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
Net derivatives of $17.3$13.3 million due to greater pricing and market transparency.
Net gains on Level 3 assets were $35.3$12.7 million and net losses on Level 3 liabilities were $60.7$72.1 million for the sixthree months ended May 31,February 28, 2021. Net gains on Level 3 assets were primarily due to increased market values across Corporate equity securities, CDOs and CLOs, Other ABS, Investments at fair value, Loans and other receivables, RMBS and Corporate debtequity securities. Net losses on Level 3 liabilities were primarily due to increased valuations of structured notes within Long-term debt and certain derivatives.
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(Unaudited)
The following is a summary of changes in fair value of our financial assets and liabilities that have been categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three months ended May 31, 2020 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended May 31, 2020
Balance at February 29, 2020Total gains/losses (realized and unrealized) (1)PurchasesSalesSettlementsIssuancesNet transfers into/
(out of) Level 3
Balance at May 31, 2020
For instruments still held at
May 31, 2020, changes in unrealized gains/(losses) included in:
Earnings (1)Other comprehensive income (1)
Assets:
Financial instruments owned:
Corporate equity securities$103,643 $(5,319)$36 $(68)$$$(22,192)$76,100 $(5,220)$
Corporate debt securities25,090 (1,480)328 (365)(1)1,606 25,178 (1,464)
CDOs and CLOs20,952 (12,879)(8,471)(1,673)25,210 23,139 (16,031)
RMBS16,970 (1,773)1,380 (7)5,769 22,339 (1,733)
CMBS4,264 53 144 4,461 53 
Other ABS41,903 (2,380)11,038 (8,490)43,991 86,062 (5,087)
Loans and other receivables54,321 (4,891)45,984 (46,939)(128)20,082 68,429 (4,847)
Investments at fair value55,270 (10,805)400 (91)19,185 63,959 (10,805)
Liabilities:
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Corporate equity securities$4,275 $(60)$$$$$(25)$4,190 $60 $
Corporate debt securities767 (23)(20)(561)163 
CMBS35 105 140 
Loans7,859 1,015 (2,785)3,290 1,295 10,674 (1,015)
Net derivatives (2)110,843 (32,744)(10,810)33,196 (603)(54,751)45,131 32,259 
Long-term debt543,463 (92,480)66,916 (20,859)497,040 664 91,816 
(1)Realized and unrealized gains/losses are primarily reported in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Changes in instrument-specific credit risk related to structured notes within Long-term debt are included in our Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, net of tax.
(2)Net derivatives represent Financial instruments owned—Derivatives and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased—Derivatives.
Analysis of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities for the Three Months Ended May 31, 2020
During the three months ended May 31, 2020, transfers of assets of $127.5 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
Other ABS of $44.5 million, CDOs and CLOs of $29.6 million, Loans and other receivables of $20.7 million and Investment at fair value of $19.2 million due to reduced pricing transparency.
During the three months ended May 31, 2020, transfers of assets of $33.7 million from Level 3 to Level 2 are primarily attributed to:
Corporate equity securities of $26.2 million and CDOs and CLOs of $4.4 million due to greater pricing transparency supporting classification into Level 2.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED
(Unaudited)
During the three months ended May 31, 2020, transfers of liabilities of $23.7 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
Net derivatives of $11.4 million and structured notes within Long-term debt of $11.1 million due to reduced market and pricing transparency.
During the three months ended May 31, 2020, transfers of liabilities of $98.6 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
Net derivatives of $66.1 million and structured notes within Long-term debt of $31.9 million due to greater market transparency.
Net losses on Level 3 assets were $39.5 million and net gains on Level 3 liabilities were $124.3 million for the three months ended May 31, 2020. Net losses on Level 3 assets were primarily due to decreased market values across CDOs and CLOs, Investments at fair value, Corporate equity securities and Loans and other receivables. Net gains on Level 3 liabilities were primarily due to decreased valuations of certain structured notes within Long-term debt and market values across certain derivatives.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED
(Unaudited)
The following is a summary of changes in fair value of our financial assets and liabilities that have been categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the six months ended May 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Six Months Ended May 31, 2020
Balance at November 30, 2019Total gains/losses (realized and unrealized) (1)PurchasesSalesSettlementsIssuancesNet transfers into/
(out of) Level 3
Balance at May 31, 2020
For instruments still held at
 May 31, 2020 changes in
unrealized gains/(losses) included in:
Earnings (1)Other comprehensive income (1)
Assets:
Financial instruments owned:
Corporate equity securities$58,301 $(12,860)$2,989 $(2,017)$$$29,687 $76,100 $(12,787)$
Corporate debt securities7,490 1,560 766 (479)(602)16,443 25,178 1,190 
CDOs and CLOs20,081 (14,223)9,426 (11,849)(3,193)22,897 23,139 (17,115)
RMBS17,740 (2,248)2,062 (10)4,795 22,339 (2,195)
CMBS6,110 (95)(1,660)106 4,461 (680)
Other ABS42,563 (2,848)33,917 (664)(17,361)30,455 86,062 (7,226)
Loans and other receivables64,240 (8,600)66,047 (76,227)(6,606)29,575 68,429 (11,689)
Investments at fair value75,738 (30,496)18,885 (168)63,959 (30,496)
Securities purchased under agreements to resell25,000 (25,000)0
Liabilities:
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Corporate equity securities$4,487 $216 $(513)$$$$$4,190 $140 $
Corporate debt securities340 (27)(150)163 
CMBS35 (35)140 140 
Loans9,463 1,072 (12,958)3,290 9,807 10,674 (1,075)
Net derivatives (2)77,168 (44,729)(11,088)38,823 (1,010)(14,033)45,131 32,211 
Long-term debt480,069 (101,267)175,498 (57,260)497,040 (4,802)106,069 
(1)Realized and unrealized gains/losses are primarily reported in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Changes in instrument-specific credit risk related to structured notes within Long-term debt are included in our Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, net of tax.
(2)Net derivatives represent Financial instruments owned—Derivatives and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased—Derivatives.
Analysis of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities for the Six Months Ended May 31, 2020
During the six months ended May 31, 2020, transfers of assets of $148.5 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
Corporate equity securities of $37.0 million, Loans and other receivables of $33.5 million, Other ABS of $31.1 million, CDOs and CLOs of $22.9 million and Corporate debt securities of $18.3 million due to reduced pricing transparency.
During the six months ended May 31, 2020, transfers of assets of $14.6 million from Level 3 to Level 2 are primarily attributed to:
Corporate equity securities of $7.3 million and Loans and other receivables of $4.0 million due to greater pricing transparency supporting classification into Level 2.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED
(Unaudited)
During the six months ended May 31, 2020, transfers of liabilities of $37.0 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
Net derivatives of $26.2 million and Loans and other receivables of $10.8 million due to reduced pricing transparency.
During the six months ended May 31, 2020, transfers of liabilities of $98.5 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
Structured notes within Long-term debt of $57.3 million and net derivatives of $40.2 million due to greater pricing transparency.
Net losses on Level 3 assets were $69.8 million and net gains on Level 3 liabilities were $144.7 million for the six months ended May 31, 2020. Net losses on Level 3 assets were primarily due to decreased market values across Investments at fair value, CDOs and CLOs, Corporate equity securities and Loans and other receivables. Net gains on Level 3 liabilities were primarily due to decreased valuations of certain structured notes within Long-term debt and market values across certain derivatives.long-term debt.
Quantitative Information about Significant Unobservable Inputs used in Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 20202021
The tables below present information on the valuation techniques, significant unobservable inputs and their ranges for our financial assets and liabilities, subject to threshold levels related to the market value of the positions held, measured at fair value on a recurring basis with a significant Level 3 balance. The range of unobservable inputs could differ significantly across different firms given the range of products across different firms in the financial services sector. The inputs are not representative of the inputs that could have been used in the valuation of any one financial instrument (i.e., the input used for valuing one financial instrument within a particular class of financial instruments may not be appropriate for valuing other financial instruments within that given class). Additionally, the ranges of inputs presented below should not be construed to represent uncertainty regarding the fair values of our financial instruments; rather, the range of inputs is reflective of the differences in the underlying characteristics of the financial instruments in each category.
For certain categories, we have provided a weighted average of the inputs allocated based on the fair values of the financial instruments comprising the category. We do not believe that the range or weighted average of the inputs is indicative of the reasonableness of uncertainty of our Level 3 fair values. The range and weighted average are driven by the individual financial instruments within each category and their relative distribution in the population. The disclosed inputs when compared with the inputs as disclosed in other periods should not be expected to necessarily be indicative of changes in our estimates of unobservable inputs for a particular financial instrument as the population of financial instruments comprising the category will vary from period to period based on purchases and sales of financial instruments during the period as well as transfers into and out of Level 3 each period.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED
(Unaudited)
May 31, 2021
February 28, 2022February 28, 2022
Financial Instruments Owned:Financial Instruments Owned:Fair Value
(in thousands)
Valuation TechniqueSignificant Unobservable Input(s)Input / RangeWeighted
Average
Financial Instruments Owned:Fair Value
(in thousands)
Valuation TechniqueSignificant Unobservable Input(s)Input / RangeWeighted
Average
Corporate equity securitiesCorporate equity securities$71,724 Corporate equity securities$107,769 
Non-exchange traded securitiesMarket approachPrice$1-$213$89
Non-exchange-traded securitiesNon-exchange-traded securitiesMarket approachPrice$0-$344$141
Corporate debt securitiesCorporate debt securities$42,358 Market approachPrice$13-$100$91
Transaction level$1EBITDA multiple3.4
EBITDA multiple7.4
Corporate debt securities$7,985 Scenario analysisEstimated recovery percentage20 %-44%30%
CDOs and CLOsCDOs and CLOs$26,466 Discounted cash flowsConstant prepayment rate%-20%19%CDOs and CLOs$45,219 Discounted cash flowsConstant prepayment rate20%
Constant default rate%-2%2%
Loss severity25 %-55%27%
Discount rate/yield%-37%19%
Market approachTransaction level$100
RMBS$6,033 Discounted cash flowsDiscount rate/yield3%
Cumulative loss rate2%Constant default rate2%
Duration (years)2.4Loss severity25 %-70%38%
Discount rate/yield%-18%13%
Market approachPrice$73-$102$93
CMBSCMBS$3,732 Market approachPrice$600
Scenario analysisEstimated recovery percentage81%
Other ABSOther ABS$70,555 Discounted cash flowsDiscount rate/yield%-13%10%Other ABS$46,733 Discounted cash flowsConstant prepayment rate%-9%4%
Constant default rate2%
Loss severity50 %-88%72%
Discount rate/yield%-23%15%
Cumulative loss rate%-79%16%Cumulative loss rate%-18%14%
Duration (years)0.7-2.31.5Duration (years)1.2-7.05.0
Market approachPrice$100Market approachPrice$37
Loans and other receivablesLoans and other receivables$119,550 Market approachPrice$31-$101$72Loans and other receivables$136,716 Market approachPrice$29-$102$89
Transaction level$98
Scenario analysisEstimated recovery percentage%-100%52%Scenario analysisEstimated recovery percentage%-94%33%
DerivativesDerivatives$54,085 Derivatives$4,762 
Equity optionsEquity optionsVolatility benchmarkingVolatility41 %-88%54%Equity optionsVolatility benchmarkingVolatility41%
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swapsMarket approachBasis points upfront1.0-10.75.0Interest rate swapsMarket approachBasis points upfront0.0-8.74.4
Total return swapsTotal return swapsPrice$101
Investments at fair valueInvestments at fair value$40,385 Investments at fair value$113,164 
Private equity securitiesPrivate equity securitiesMarket approachPrice$5-$169$58Private equity securitiesMarket approachPrice$1-$15,852$549
Scenario analysisEstimated recovery percentage11%
Financial Instruments Sold, Not Yet Purchased:Financial Instruments Sold, Not Yet Purchased:Financial Instruments Sold, Not Yet Purchased:
Corporate equity securitiesCorporate equity securities$4,462 Corporate equity securities$5,666 
Non-exchange traded securitiesMarket approachPrice$1
Corporate debt securities$927 Scenario analysisEstimated recovery percentage20%
Non-exchange-traded securitiesNon-exchange-traded securitiesMarket approachPrice$1
LoansLoans$20,389 Market approachPrice$31-$92$46Loans$11,541 Market approachPrice$98
Scenario analysisEstimated recovery percentage%-87%37%Scenario analysisEstimated recovery percentage5%
DerivativesDerivatives$282,452 Derivatives$56,329 
Equity optionsEquity optionsVolatility benchmarkingVolatility26 %-61%45%Equity optionsVolatility benchmarkingVolatility30 %-57%45%
Loans total return swapsMarket approachPrice$0.2
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swapsMarket approachBasis points upfront1.0-19.57.5Interest rate swapsMarket approachBasis points upfront0.7-17.58.8
Total return swapsTotal return swapsPrice$101
Other secured financingsOther secured financings$2,493 Scenario analysisEstimated recovery percentage19 %-100%66%Other secured financings$32,377 Scenario analysisEstimated recovery percentage13 %-36%29%
Market approachPrice$87
Long-term debtLong-term debtLong-term debt
Structured notesStructured notes$795,098 Market approachPrice$88-$110$103Structured notes$794,460 Market approachPrice$66-$106$83
Price€82-€111€102Price€73-€106€93
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(Unaudited)
November 30, 2020
November 30, 2021November 30, 2021
Financial Instruments OwnedFinancial Instruments OwnedFair Value
(in thousands)
Valuation TechniqueSignificant Unobservable Input(s)Input / RangeWeighted
Average
Financial Instruments OwnedFair Value
(in thousands)
Valuation TechniqueSignificant Unobservable Input(s)Input / RangeWeighted
Average
Corporate equity securitiesCorporate equity securities$75,409 Corporate equity securities$75,694 
Non-exchange-traded securitiesNon-exchange-traded securitiesMarket approachPrice$1-$213$86Non-exchange-traded securitiesMarket approachPrice$1-$366$208
EBITDA multiple4.0-8.05.7
Corporate debt securitiesCorporate debt securities$23,146 Market approachPrice$69Corporate debt securities$11,803 Market approachPrice$13-$100$86
Scenario analysisEstimated recovery percentage20 %-44%30%
CDOs and CLOsCDOs and CLOs$10,513 Discounted cash flowsConstant prepayment rate20%CDOs and CLOs$31,944 Discounted cash flowsConstant prepayment rate20%
Constant default rate2%Constant default rate2%
Loss severity25 %-30%26%Loss severity25 %-30%26%
Discount rate/yield14 %-28%20%Discount rate/yield%-19%16%
RMBS$21,826 Discounted cash flowsCumulative loss rate%-3%3%
Market approachPrice$86-$103$93
CMBSCMBS$2,333 Scenario analysisEstimated recovery percentage81%
Other ABSOther ABS$86,099 Discounted cash flowsConstant prepayment rate%-35%31%
Loss severity35 %-50%36%Constant default rate%-4%4%
Duration (years)2.0-12.95.1Loss severity60 %-85%55%
Discount rate/yield%-12%4%
Other ABS$67,816 Discounted cash flowsCumulative loss rate%-28%11%
Loss severity50 %-85%54%Discount rate/yield%-16%10%
Duration (years)0.2-2.11.3Cumulative loss rate%-20%14%
Discount rate/yield%-16%9%Duration (years)0.7-1.41.1
Market approachPrice$100Market approachPrice$37-$100$94
Loans and other receivablesLoans and other receivables$76,046 Market approachPrice$31-$100$84Loans and other receivables$73,361 Market approachPrice$31-$101$54
Scenario analysisEstimated recovery percentage19 %-100%52%Scenario analysisEstimated recovery percentage%-100%42%
DerivativesDerivatives$19,951 Derivatives$6,501 
Equity optionsEquity optionsVolatility benchmarkingVolatility47%Equity optionsVolatility benchmarkingVolatility46%
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swapsMarket approachBasis points upfront1.2-8.04.8Interest rate swapsMarket approachBasis points upfront0.1-8.73.3
Total return swapsTotal return swapsPrice$100
Investments at fair valueInvestments at fair value$67,108 Investments at fair value$34,557 
Private equity securitiesPrivate equity securitiesMarket approachPrice$1-$169$34Private equity securitiesMarket approachPrice$1-$152$48
Scenario analysisEstimated recovery percentage17%Scenario analysisEstimated recovery percentage7%
Financial Instruments Sold, Not Yet Purchased:Financial Instruments Sold, Not Yet Purchased:Financial Instruments Sold, Not Yet Purchased:
Corporate equity securitiesCorporate equity securities$4,434 Corporate equity securities$4,635 
Non-exchange-traded securitiesNon-exchange-traded securitiesMarket approachPrice$1Non-exchange-traded securitiesMarket approachPrice$1
Corporate debt securities$141 Scenario analysisEstimated recovery percentage20%
LoansLoans$16,635 Market approachPrice$31-$99$55Loans$15,770 Market approachPrice$31-$100$43
Scenario analysisEstimated recovery percentage50%
DerivativesDerivatives$46,971 Derivatives$76,533 
Equity optionsEquity optionsVolatility benchmarkingVolatility33 %-50%42%Equity optionsVolatility benchmarkingVolatility26 %-77%40%
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swapsMarket approachBasis points upfront1.2 -8.05.4Interest rate swapsMarket approachBasis points upfront0.1-8.73.1
Total return swapsTotal return swapsPrice$100
Other secured financingsOther secured financings$1,543 Scenario analysisEstimated recovery percentage19 %-55%45%Other secured financings$25,905 Scenario analysisEstimated recovery percentage13 %-98%92%
Long-term debtLong-term debtLong-term debt
Structured notesStructured notes$676,028 Market approachPrice$100Structured notes$881,732 Market approachPrice$76-$115$94
Price€76-€113€99Price€81-€113€103
The fair values of certain Level 3 assets and liabilities that were determined based on third-party pricing information, unadjusted past transaction prices or a percentage of the reported enterprise fair value are excluded from the above tables. At May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, asset exclusions consisted of $2.5$39.5 million and $17.3$14.3 million, respectively, primarily comprised of other ABS, private equity securities, sovereign obligations, RMBS, CMBS, certain derivatives, loans and other receivables and corporate equity securities. At February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, liability exclusions consisted of $0.8$13.4 million and $2.2 million, respectively, primarily comprised of certain derivatives, sovereign obligations, corporate debt securities and CMBS.
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(Unaudited)
Uncertainty of Fair Value Measurement from Use of Significant Unobservable Inputs
For recurring fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the uncertainty of the fair value measurement due to the use of significant unobservable inputs and interrelationships between those unobservable inputs (if any) are described below:
Non-exchange-traded securities, corporate debt securities, CDOs and CLOs, CMBS, loans and other receivables, other ABS, private equity securities, certain derivatives, other secured financings and structured notes using a market approach valuation technique. A significant increase (decrease) in the price of the private equity securities, non-exchange-traded securities, and corporate debt securities, CDOs and CLOs, CMBS, other ABS, loans and other receivables, total return swaps, other secured financings or structured notes would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. A significant increase (decrease) in the transaction level of non-exchange-traded securities, CDOs and CLOs and loans and other receivables would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. A significant increase (decrease) in the EBITDA multiple related to non-exchange-tradedcorporate debt securities would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. Depending on whether we are a receiver or (payer) of basis points upfront, a significant increase in basis points would result in a significant increase (decrease) in the fair value measurement of interest rate swaps.
Loans and other receivables, corporate debt securities,CMBS, private equity securities and other secured financings using scenario analysis. A significant increase (decrease) in the possible recovery rates of the cash flow outcomes underlying the financial instrument would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement for the financial instrument.
CDOs and CLOs RMBS and other ABS using a discounted cash flow valuation technique. A significant increase (decrease) in isolation in the constant default rate, loss severity or cumulative loss rate would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. The impact of changes in the constant prepayment rate and duration would have differing impacts depending on the capital structure and type of security. A significant increase (decrease) in the discount rate/security yield would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
Derivative equity options using volatility benchmarking. A significant increase (decrease) in volatility would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.
Fair Value Option Election
We have elected the fair value option for all loans and loan commitments made by our investment banking and capital markets businesses. These loans and loan commitments include loans entered into by our investment banking division in connection with client bridge financing and loan syndications, loans purchased by our leveraged credit trading desk as part of its bank loan trading activities and mortgage and consumer loan commitments, purchases and fundings in connection with mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securitization activities. Loans and loan commitments originated or purchased by our leveraged credit and mortgage-backed businesses are managed on a fair value basis. Loans are included in Financial instruments owned and loan commitments are included in Financial instruments owned and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The fair value option election is not applied to loans made to affiliate entities as such loans are entered into as part of ongoing, strategic business ventures. Loans to affiliate entities are included in Loans to and investments in related parties in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and are accounted for on an amortized cost basis. We have also elected the fair value option for certain of our structured notes which are managed by our investment banking and capital markets businesses and are included in Long-term debt and Short-term borrowings in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. We have elected the fair value option for certain financial instruments held by subsidiaries as the investments are risk managed by us on a fair value basis. The fair value option has been elected for certain other secured financings that arise in connection with our securitization activities and other structured financings. Other secured financings, Receivables – Receivables—Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations, Receivables – Receivables—Customers, Receivables – Receivables—Fees, interest and other, Payables – Payables—Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations and Payables – Payables—Customers, are accounted for at cost plus accrued interest rather than at fair value; however, the recorded amounts approximate fair value due to their liquid or short-term nature.nature, except for our automobile loans. See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for further details on our automobile loans.

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(Unaudited)
The following is a summary of gains (losses) due to changes in instrument specificinstrument-specific credit risk on loans, other receivables and debt instruments and gains (losses) due to other changes in fair value on Short-term borrowings and Long-term debt measured at fair value under the fair value option (in thousands):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
202120202021202020222021
Financial instruments owned:Financial instruments owned:Financial instruments owned:
Loans and other receivablesLoans and other receivables$15,520 $(13,926)$23,259 $(10,830)Loans and other receivables$(2,287)$10,696 
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
LoansLoans$(363)$127 $(363)$127 Loans$1,548 $— 
Loan commitments1,750 1,089 
Short-term borrowings:
Changes in instrument specific credit risk (1)$$35 $$91 
Other changes in fair value (2)(644)(881)
Long-term debt:Long-term debt:Long-term debt:
Changes in instrument specific credit risk (1)$(32,247)$197,737 $(122,898)$227,169 
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk (1)Changes in instrument-specific credit risk (1)$51,248 $(91,982)
Other changes in fair value (2)Other changes in fair value (2)6,846 (30,982)86,113 (68,624)Other changes in fair value (2)94,551 80,819 
(1)Changes in instrument specificinstrument-specific credit risk related to structured notes are included in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, net of tax.
(2)Other changes in fair value are included in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
The following is a summary of the amounts by which contractual principal is greater than (less than) fair value for loans and other receivables, short-term borrowings, Other secured financings and Long-term debt measured at fair value under the fair value option (in thousands):
May 31, 2021November 30, 2020February 28, 2022November 30, 2021
Financial instruments owned:Financial instruments owned:Financial instruments owned:
Loans and other receivables (1)Loans and other receivables (1)$5,809,031 $1,662,647 Loans and other receivables (1)$5,533,863 $5,600,648 
Loans and other receivables on nonaccrual status and/or 90 days or greater past due (1) (2)Loans and other receivables on nonaccrual status and/or 90 days or greater past due (1) (2)135,054 287,889 Loans and other receivables on nonaccrual status and/or 90 days or greater past due (1) (2)51,601 64,203 
Long-term debt and short-term borrowings(75,025)(42,819)
Long-term debtLong-term debt107,282 (38,391)
Other secured financingsOther secured financings2,782 2,782 Other secured financings3,432 3,432 
(1)Interest income is recognized separately from other changes in fair value and is included in Interest revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
(2)Amounts include loans and other receivables 90 days or greater past due by which contractual principal exceeds fair value of $36.5$16.8 million and $30.0$19.7 million at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, respectively.
The aggregate fair value of loans and other receivables on nonaccrual status and/or 90 days or greater past due was $67.4$42.0 million and $69.7$56.9 million at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, respectively, which includes loans and other receivables 90 days or greater past due of $26.2$11.9 million and $3.8$23.5 million at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, respectively.
Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value
Certain of our financial instruments are not carried at fair value but are recorded at amounts that approximate fair value due to their liquid or short-term nature and generally negligible credit risk. These financial assets include Cash and cash equivalents and Cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing and depository organizations and would generally be presented within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing and depository organizations includes U.S. Treasury securities with a fair value of $58.0 million and $34.2 million at May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively.

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Note 5.4. Derivative Financial Instruments
Derivative Financial Instruments
Our derivative activities are recorded at fair value in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition in Financial instruments owned and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, net of cash paid or received under credit support agreements and on a net counterparty basis when a legally enforceable right to offset exists under a master netting agreement. We enter into derivative transactions to satisfy the needs of our clients and to manage our own exposure to market and credit risks resulting from our trading activities. In addition, we apply hedge accounting to: (1) interest rate swaps that have been designated as fair value hedges of the changes in fair value due to the benchmark interest rate for certain fixed rate senior long-term debt, and (2) forward foreign exchange contracts designated as hedges to offset the change in the value of certain net investments in foreign operations.
See Note 4,3, Fair Value Disclosures, and Note 16,15, Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees, for additional disclosures about derivative financial instruments.
Derivatives are subject to various risks similar to other financial instruments, including market, credit and operational risk. The risks of derivatives should not be viewed in isolation, but rather should be considered on an aggregate basis along with our other trading-related activities. We manage the risks associated with derivatives on an aggregate basis along with the risks associated with proprietary trading as part of our firm wide risk management policies.
In connection with our derivative activities, we may enter into International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. master netting agreements or similar agreements with counterparties. See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 20202021 for additional information regarding the offsetting of derivative contracts.
The following tables present the fair value and related number of derivative contracts at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 20202021 categorized by type of derivative contract and the platform on which these derivatives are transacted. The fair value of assets/liabilities represents our receivable/payable for derivative financial instruments, gross of counterparty netting and cash collateral received and pledged. The following tables also provide information regarding 1) the extent to which, under enforceable master netting arrangements, such balances are presented net in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as appropriate under U.S. GAAP and 2) the extent to which other rights of setoff associated with these arrangements exist and could have an effect on our financial position (in thousands, except contract amounts).
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(Unaudited)
May 31, 2021 (1)February 28, 2022 (1)
AssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilities
Fair ValueNumber of Contracts (2)Fair ValueNumber of Contracts (2)Fair ValueNumber of Contracts (2)Fair ValueNumber of Contracts (2)
Derivatives designated as accounting hedges:Derivatives designated as accounting hedges:Derivatives designated as accounting hedges:
Interest rate contracts:Interest rate contracts:Interest rate contracts:
Cleared OTCCleared OTC$46,580 $38,941 Cleared OTC$13,714 $56,705 
Foreign exchange contracts:Foreign exchange contracts:Foreign exchange contracts:
Bilateral OTCBilateral OTC45,157 11 Bilateral OTC19,524 — — 
Total derivatives designated as accounting hedgesTotal derivatives designated as accounting hedges46,580 84,098 Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges33,238 56,705 
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:
Interest rate contracts:Interest rate contracts:Interest rate contracts:
Exchange-tradedExchange-traded2,232 27,499 829 54,731 Exchange-traded3,787 32,961 2,896 75,002 
Cleared OTCCleared OTC6,335 4,288 29,428 4,217 Cleared OTC1,110,870 3,824 1,038,884 3,865 
Bilateral OTCBilateral OTC469,243 1,424 340,671 992 Bilateral OTC336,238 791 434,723 958 
Foreign exchange contracts:Foreign exchange contracts:Foreign exchange contracts:
Bilateral OTCBilateral OTC686,254 16,056 666,153 15,946 Bilateral OTC869,171 15,664 858,003 15,520 
Equity contracts:Equity contracts:Equity contracts:
Exchange-tradedExchange-traded1,397,909 1,190,684 1,452,191 1,118,612 Exchange-traded935,862 1,706,804 715,512 1,589,013 
Bilateral OTCBilateral OTC327,272 2,703 1,293,010 2,554 Bilateral OTC293,800 6,084 1,174,659 6,263 
Commodity contracts:Commodity contracts:Commodity contracts:
Exchange-tradedExchange-traded259 2,455 40 2,253 Exchange-traded78 1,931 30 1,860 
Bilateral OTC
Credit contracts:Credit contracts:Credit contracts:
Cleared OTCCleared OTC7,664 21 12,556 42 Cleared OTC93,487 131 103,708 140 
Bilateral OTCBilateral OTC3,231 13 6,056 12 Bilateral OTC6,806 14 12,274 14 
Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedgesTotal derivatives not designated as accounting hedges2,900,399 3,800,934 Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedges3,650,099 4,340,689 
Total gross derivative assets/ liabilities:Total gross derivative assets/ liabilities:Total gross derivative assets/ liabilities:
Exchange-tradedExchange-traded1,400,400 1,453,060 Exchange-traded939,727 718,438 
Cleared OTCCleared OTC60,579 80,925 Cleared OTC1,218,071 1,199,297 
Bilateral OTCBilateral OTC1,486,000 2,351,047 Bilateral OTC1,525,539 2,479,659 
Amounts offset in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (3):Amounts offset in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (3):Amounts offset in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (3):
Exchange-tradedExchange-traded(1,391,808)(1,391,808)Exchange-traded(716,499)(716,499)
Cleared OTCCleared OTC(60,157)(64,519)Cleared OTC(1,189,030)(1,199,297)
Bilateral OTCBilateral OTC(1,094,393)(1,560,112)Bilateral OTC(1,340,355)(1,569,533)
Net amounts per Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (4)Net amounts per Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (4)$400,621 $868,593 Net amounts per Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (4)$437,453 $912,065 
(1)Exchange-traded derivatives include derivatives executed on an organized exchange. Cleared OTC derivatives include derivatives executed bilaterally and subsequently novated to and cleared through central clearing counterparties. Bilateral OTC derivatives include derivatives executed and settled bilaterally without the use of an organized exchange or central clearing counterparty.
(2)Number of exchange-traded contracts may include open futures contracts. The unsettled fair value of these futures contracts is included in Receivables from/Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
(3)Amounts netted include both netting by counterparty and for cash collateral paid or received.
(4)We have not received or pledged additional collateral under master netting agreements and/or other credit support agreements that is eligible to be offset beyond what has been offset in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
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November 30, 2020 (1)November 30, 2021 (1)
AssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilities
Fair ValueNumber of Contracts (2)Fair ValueNumber of Contracts (2)Fair ValueNumber of Contracts (2)Fair ValueNumber of Contracts (2)
Derivatives designated as accounting hedges:Derivatives designated as accounting hedges:Derivatives designated as accounting hedges:
Interest rate contracts:Interest rate contracts:Interest rate contracts:
Cleared OTCCleared OTC$67,381 $6,891 Cleared OTC$35,726 $32,200 
Foreign exchange contracts:Foreign exchange contracts:Foreign exchange contracts:
Bilateral OTCBilateral OTC3,306 11 Bilateral OTC30,462 — — 
Total derivatives designated as accounting hedgesTotal derivatives designated as accounting hedges67,381 10,197 Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges66,188 32,200 
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:
Interest rate contracts:Interest rate contracts:Interest rate contracts:
Exchange-tradedExchange-traded2,442 52,620 439 42,611 Exchange-traded1,262 23,888 756 39,195 
Cleared OTCCleared OTC17,379 3,785 114,524 4,307 Cleared OTC373,355 4,505 367,134 4,467 
Bilateral OTCBilateral OTC626,210 1,493 317,534 466 Bilateral OTC322,353 1,037 283,481 967 
Foreign exchange contracts:Foreign exchange contracts:Foreign exchange contracts:
Exchange-traded180 
Bilateral OTCBilateral OTC297,165 15,005 277,628 15,049 Bilateral OTC1,428,712 17,792 1,437,116 17,576 
Equity contracts:Equity contracts:Equity contracts:
Exchange-tradedExchange-traded558,304 1,147,486 564,951 971,938 Exchange-traded1,206,606 1,582,713 1,036,019 1,450,624 
Bilateral OTCBilateral OTC429,304 2,374 1,125,944 2,421 Bilateral OTC377,132 2,888 1,824,418 2,682 
Commodity contracts:Commodity contracts:Commodity contracts:
Exchange-tradedExchange-traded64 3,207 2,654 Exchange-traded448 1,394 223 1,457 
Bilateral OTCBilateral OTC— — — 
Credit contracts:Credit contracts:Credit contracts:
Cleared OTCCleared OTC24,696 39 26,298 31 Cleared OTC84,180 132 108,999 128 
Bilateral OTCBilateral OTC1,008 11 2,209 11 Bilateral OTC13,289 14 14,168 17 
Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedgesTotal derivatives not designated as accounting hedges1,956,572 2,429,527 Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedges3,807,337 5,072,314 
Total gross derivative assets/liabilities:Total gross derivative assets/liabilities:Total gross derivative assets/liabilities:
Exchange-tradedExchange-traded560,810 565,390 Exchange-traded1,208,316 1,036,998 
Cleared OTCCleared OTC109,456 147,713 Cleared OTC493,261 508,333 
Bilateral OTCBilateral OTC1,353,687 1,726,621 Bilateral OTC2,171,948 3,559,183 
Amounts offset in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (3):Amounts offset in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (3):Amounts offset in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (3):
Exchange-tradedExchange-traded(546,989)(546,989)Exchange-traded(1,008,091)(1,008,091)
Cleared OTCCleared OTC(109,228)(111,654)Cleared OTC(483,339)(508,333)
Bilateral OTCBilateral OTC(899,919)(1,140,016)Bilateral OTC(1,813,136)(2,184,586)
Net amounts per Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (4)Net amounts per Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (4)$467,817 $641,065 Net amounts per Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (4)$568,959 $1,403,504 
(1)Exchange-traded derivatives include derivatives executed on an organized exchange. Cleared OTC derivatives include derivatives executed bilaterally and subsequently novated to and cleared through central clearing counterparties. Bilateral OTC derivatives include derivatives executed and settled bilaterally without the use of an organized exchange or central clearing counterparty.
(2)Number of exchange-traded contracts may include open futures contracts. The unsettled fair value of these futures contracts is included in Receivables from/Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
(3)Amounts netted include both netting by counterparty and for cash collateral paid or received.
(4)We have not received or pledged additional collateral under master netting agreements and/or other credit support agreements that is eligible to be offset beyond what has been offset in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
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The following table provides information related to gains (losses) recognized in Interest expense in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings related to fair value hedges (in thousands):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
Gains (Losses)Gains (Losses)2021202020212020Gains (Losses)20222021
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swaps$(1,671)$22,004 $(45,462)$46,469 Interest rate swaps$(43,998)$(43,791)
Long-term debtLong-term debt5,215 (22,306)52,026 (47,173)Long-term debt50,542 46,811 
TotalTotal$3,544 $(302)$6,564 $(704)Total$6,544 $3,020 
The following table provides information related to gains (losses) on our net investment hedges recognized in Currency translation and other adjustments, a component of Other comprehensive income (loss), in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (in thousands):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
Gains (Losses)2021202020212020
(Losses)(Losses)20222021
Foreign exchange contractsForeign exchange contracts$(21,906)$$(63,406)$Foreign exchange contracts$(10,938)$(41,500)
TotalTotal$(21,906)$$(63,406)$Total$(10,938)$(41,500)
The following table presents unrealized and realized gains (losses) on derivative contracts recognized in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings, which are utilized in connection with our client activities and our economic risk management activities (in thousands):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
Gains (Losses)Gains (Losses)2021202020212020Gains (Losses)20222021
Interest rate contractsInterest rate contracts$21,364 $(4,079)$(20,760)$(5,168)Interest rate contracts$(41,592)$(42,124)
Foreign exchange contractsForeign exchange contracts24,243 2,053 71,273 (847)Foreign exchange contracts2,624 47,030 
Equity contractsEquity contracts(3,315)9,147 (93,012)146,035 Equity contracts210,937 (89,697)
Commodity contractsCommodity contracts1,754 5,291 2,563 (781)Commodity contracts(1,808)809 
Credit contractsCredit contracts(2,864)12,554 (2,043)14,384 Credit contracts4,432 821 
TotalTotal$41,182 $24,966 $(41,979)$153,623 Total$174,593 $(83,161)
The net gains (losses) on derivative contracts in the table above are one of a number of activities comprising our business activities and are before consideration of economic hedging transactions, which generally offset the net gains (losses) included above. We substantially mitigate our exposure to market risk on our cash instruments through derivative contracts, which generally provide offsetting revenues, and we manage the risk associated with these contracts in the context of our overall risk management framework.
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OTC Derivatives. The following tables set forth by remaining contract maturity the fair value of OTC derivative assets and liabilities at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 (in thousands):
OTC Derivative Assets (1) (2) (3)OTC Derivative Assets (1) (2) (3)
0 – 12 Months1 – 5 YearsGreater Than 5 YearsCross-Maturity Netting (4)Total0 – 12 Months1 – 5 YearsGreater Than 5 YearsCross-Maturity Netting (4)Total
Equity options and forwardsEquity options and forwards$51,619 $2,347 $17,573 $(18,453)$53,086 Equity options and forwards$10,211 $2,998 $— $(4,086)$9,123 
Credit default swapsCredit default swaps666 3,369 (1)4,034 Credit default swaps— 15 — — 15 
Total return swapsTotal return swaps83,513 14,032 (3,120)94,425 Total return swaps80,255 44,438 158 (8,263)116,588 
Foreign currency forwards, swaps and optionsForeign currency forwards, swaps and options97,410 4,454 (1,262)100,602 Foreign currency forwards, swaps and options339,685 4,081 — (4,111)339,655 
Fixed income forwardsFixed income forwards17,702 17,702 Fixed income forwards5,285 — — — 5,285 
Interest rate swaps, options and forwardsInterest rate swaps, options and forwards53,624 124,028 145,490 (39,642)283,500 Interest rate swaps, options and forwards59,302 155,998 84,286 (45,314)254,272 
TotalTotal$303,868 $145,527 $166,432 $(62,478)553,349 Total$494,738 $207,530 $84,444 $(61,774)724,938 
Cross product counterparty nettingCross product counterparty netting(12,172)Cross product counterparty netting(8,869)
Total OTC derivative assets included in Financial instruments ownedTotal OTC derivative assets included in Financial instruments owned$541,177 Total OTC derivative assets included in Financial instruments owned$716,069 
(1)At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, we held net exchange-traded derivative assets and other credit agreements with a fair value of $18.3$226.9 million, which are not included in this table.
(2)OTC derivative assets in the table above are gross of collateral received. OTC derivative assets are recorded net of collateral received in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, cash collateral received was $158.8$505.5 million.
(3)Derivative fair values include counterparty netting within product category.
(4)Amounts represent the netting of receivable balances with payable balances for the same counterparty within product category across maturity categories.
OTC Derivative Liabilities (1) (2) (3)OTC Derivative Liabilities (1) (2) (3)
0 – 12 Months1 – 5 YearsGreater Than 5 YearsCross-Maturity Netting (4)Total0 – 12 Months1 – 5 YearsGreater Than 5 YearsCross-Maturity Netting (4)Total
Equity options and forwardsEquity options and forwards$14,879 $523,306 $161,290 $(18,453)$681,022 Equity options and forwards$9,871 $534,211 $33,407 $(4,086)$573,403 
Credit default swapsCredit default swaps17 2,607 7,101 (1)9,724 Credit default swaps— 10,236 — — 10,236 
Total return swapsTotal return swaps123,588 308,799 1,243 (3,120)430,510 Total return swaps124,832 324,482 — (8,263)441,051 
Foreign currency forwards, swaps and optionsForeign currency forwards, swaps and options127,194 2,222 (1,262)128,154 Foreign currency forwards, swaps and options307,174 5,271 — (4,111)308,334 
Fixed income forwardsFixed income forwards19,941 19,941 Fixed income forwards2,879 — — — 2,879 
Interest rate swaps, options and forwardsInterest rate swaps, options and forwards29,813 53,418 132,556 (39,642)176,145 Interest rate swaps, options and forwards43,259 124,965 200,069 (45,314)322,979 
TotalTotal$315,432 $890,352 $302,190 $(62,478)1,445,496 Total$488,015 $999,165 $233,476 $(61,774)1,658,882 
Cross product counterparty nettingCross product counterparty netting(12,172)Cross product counterparty netting(8,869)
Total OTC derivative liabilities included in Financial instruments sold, not yet purchasedTotal OTC derivative liabilities included in Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased$1,433,324 Total OTC derivative liabilities included in Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased$1,650,013 
(1)At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, we held net exchange-traded derivative liabilities and other credit agreements with a fair value of $64.2$7.0 million, which are not included in this table.
(2)OTC derivative liabilities in the table above are gross of collateral pledged. OTC derivative liabilities are recorded net of collateral pledged in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, cash collateral pledged was $628.9$744.9 million.
(3)Derivative fair values include counterparty netting within product category.
(4)Amounts represent the netting of receivable balances with payable balances for the same counterparty within product category across maturity categories.
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The following table presents the counterparty credit quality with respect to the fair value of our OTC derivative assets at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 (in thousands):
Counterparty credit quality (1):
A- or higher$127,260467,918 
BBB- to BBB+33,39815,109 
BB+ or lower192,047119,477 
Unrated188,472113,565 
Total$541,177716,069 
(1)We utilize internal credit ratings determined by our Risk Management department. Credit ratings determined by Risk Management use methodologies that produce ratings generally consistent with those produced by external rating agencies.
Credit Related Derivative Contracts
The external credit ratings of the underlyings or referenced assets for our written credit related derivative contracts (in millions):
May 31, 2021February 28, 2022
External Credit RatingExternal Credit Rating
Investment GradeNon-investment GradeUnratedTotal NotionalInvestment GradeNon-investment GradeUnratedTotal Notional
Credit protection sold:Credit protection sold:Credit protection sold:
Index credit default swapsIndex credit default swaps$163.2 $70.0 $$233.2 Index credit default swaps$2,674.4 $1,262.8 $— $3,937.2 
Single name credit default swapsSingle name credit default swaps81.8 6.2 0.2 88.2 Single name credit default swaps— — 0.2 0.2 
November 30, 2020November 30, 2021
External Credit RatingExternal Credit Rating
Investment GradeNon-investment GradeUnratedTotal NotionalInvestment GradeNon-investment GradeUnratedTotal Notional
Credit protection sold:Credit protection sold:Credit protection sold:
Index credit default swapsIndex credit default swaps$62.0 $262.8 $$324.8 Index credit default swaps$2,612.0 $1,298.8 $— $3,910.8 
Single name credit default swapsSingle name credit default swaps6.2 0.2 6.4 Single name credit default swaps— 17.6 0.2 17.8 
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(Unaudited)
Contingent Features
Certain of our derivative instruments contain provisions that require our debt to maintain an investment grade credit rating from each of the major credit rating agencies. If our debt were to fall below investment grade, it would be in violation of these provisions and the counterparties to the derivative instruments could request immediate payment or demand immediate and ongoing full overnight collateralization on our derivative instruments in liability positions. The following table presents the aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with such credit-risk-related contingent features that are in a liability position, the collateral amounts we have posted or received in the normal course of business and the potential collateral we would have been required to return and/or post additionally to our counterparties if the credit-risk-related contingent features underlying these agreements were triggered (in millions):
May 31, 2021November 30, 2020February 28, 2022November 30, 2021
Derivative instrument liabilities with credit-risk-related contingent featuresDerivative instrument liabilities with credit-risk-related contingent features$508.2 $284.6 Derivative instrument liabilities with credit-risk-related contingent features$642.0 $821.5 
Collateral postedCollateral posted(209.9)(129.8)Collateral posted(313.7)(160.5)
Collateral receivedCollateral received155.7 141.4 Collateral received117.6 369.3 
Return of and additional collateral required in the event of a credit rating downgrade below investment grade (1)Return of and additional collateral required in the event of a credit rating downgrade below investment grade (1)454.0 296.2 Return of and additional collateral required in the event of a credit rating downgrade below investment grade (1)446.0 1,030.4 
(1)These potential outflows include initial margin received from counterparties at the execution of the derivative contract. The initial margin will be returned if counterparties elect to terminate the contract after a downgrade.

Note 6.5. Collateralized Transactions
Our repurchase agreements and securities borrowing and lending arrangements are generally recorded at cost in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, which is a reasonable approximation of their fair values due to their short-term nature. We enter into secured borrowing and lending arrangements to obtain collateral necessary to effect settlement, finance inventory positions, meet customer needs or re-lend as part of our dealer operations. We monitor the fair value of the securities loaned and borrowed on a daily basis as compared with the related payable or receivable, and request additional collateral or return excess collateral, as appropriate. We pledge financial instruments as collateral under repurchase agreements, securities lending agreements and other secured arrangements, including clearing arrangements. Our agreements with counterparties generally contain contractual provisions allowing the counterparty the right to sell or repledge the collateral. Pledged securities owned that can be sold or repledged by the counterparty are included in Financial instruments owned, at fair value, and noted parenthetically as Securities pledged in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
In instances where we receive securities as collateral in connection with securities-for-securities transactions in which we are the lender of securities and are permitted to sell or repledge the securities received as collateral, we report the fair value of the collateral received and the related obligation to return the collateral in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
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The following tables set forth the carrying value of securities lending arrangements, repurchase agreements and obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value by class of collateral pledged (in thousands):
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Securities Lending ArrangementsRepurchase AgreementsObligation to Return Securities Received as Collateral, at Fair ValueTotal
Collateral Pledged:
Corporate equity securities$1,431,940 $429,316 $973 $1,862,229 
Corporate debt securities347,323 2,521,386 — 2,868,709 
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities— 1,869,580 — 1,869,580 
U.S. government and federal agency securities21,530 9,787,873 — 9,809,403 
Municipal securities— 294,824 — 294,824 
Sovereign obligations8,103 3,493,773 — 3,501,876 
Loans and other receivables— 905,073 — 905,073 
Total$1,808,896 $19,301,825 $973 $21,111,694 
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May 31, 2021
Securities Lending ArrangementsRepurchase AgreementsTotal
Collateral Pledged:
Corporate equity securities$1,845,840 $157,948 $2,003,788 
Corporate debt securities401,275 2,370,242 2,771,517 
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities1,293,794 1,293,794 
U.S. government and federal agency securities18,562 10,035,319 10,053,881 
Municipal securities289,739 289,739 
Sovereign obligations11,746 2,180,790 2,192,536 
Loans and other receivables955,107 955,107 
Total$2,277,423 $17,282,939 $19,560,362 
November 30, 2020November 30, 2021
Securities Lending ArrangementsRepurchase AgreementsObligation to Return Securities Received As Collateral, at Fair ValueTotalSecurities Lending ArrangementsRepurchase AgreementsObligation to Return Securities Received as Collateral, at Fair ValueTotal
Collateral Pledged:Collateral Pledged:Collateral Pledged:
Corporate equity securitiesCorporate equity securities$1,371,978 $157,912 $7,517 $1,537,407 Corporate equity securities$1,160,916 $150,602 $7,289 $1,318,807 
Corporate debt securitiesCorporate debt securities369,218 1,869,844 2,239,062 Corporate debt securities321,356 2,684,458 — 3,005,814 
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securitiesMortgage-backed and asset-backed securities1,547,140 1,547,140 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities— 1,209,442 — 1,209,442 
U.S. government and federal agency securitiesU.S. government and federal agency securities14,789 7,149,992 7,164,781 U.S. government and federal agency securities6,348 8,426,536 — 8,432,884 
Municipal securitiesMunicipal securities278,470 278,470 Municipal securities— 413,073 — 413,073 
Sovereign obligationsSovereign obligations54,763 2,763,032 2,817,795 Sovereign obligations37,101 2,422,901 — 2,460,002 
Loans and other receivablesLoans and other receivables1,392,883 1,392,883 Loans and other receivables— 712,388 — 712,388 
TotalTotal$1,810,748 $15,159,273 $7,517 $16,977,538 Total$1,525,721 $16,019,400 $7,289 $17,552,410 
The following tables set forth the carrying value of securities lending arrangements, repurchase agreements and obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value, by remaining contractual maturity (in thousands):
May 31, 2021
Overnight and ContinuousUp to 30 Days31-90 DaysGreater than 90 DaysTotal
Securities lending arrangements$861,554 $$598,203 $817,666 $2,277,423 
Repurchase agreements8,251,453 2,894,885 2,811,683 3,324,918 17,282,939 
Total$9,113,007 $2,894,885 $3,409,886 $4,142,584 $19,560,362 
November 30, 2020February 28, 2022
Overnight and ContinuousUp to 30 Days31-90 DaysGreater than 90 DaysTotalOvernight and ContinuousUp to 30 Days31-90 DaysGreater than 90 DaysTotal
Securities lending arrangementsSecurities lending arrangements$636,256 $59,735 $459,455 $655,302 $1,810,748 Securities lending arrangements$973,963 $— $292,966 $541,967 $1,808,896 
Repurchase agreementsRepurchase agreements5,510,476 1,747,526 5,019,885 2,881,386 15,159,273 Repurchase agreements10,491,946 2,288,295 2,686,587 3,834,997 19,301,825 
Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair valueObligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value7,517 7,517 Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value973 — — — 973 
TotalTotal$6,154,249 $1,807,261 $5,479,340 $3,536,688 $16,977,538 Total$11,466,882 $2,288,295 $2,979,553 $4,376,964 $21,111,694 
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November 30, 2021
Overnight and ContinuousUp to 30 Days31-90 DaysGreater than 90 DaysTotal
Securities lending arrangements$595,628 $1,318 $539,623 $389,152 $1,525,721 
Repurchase agreements6,551,934 1,798,716 4,361,993 3,306,757 16,019,400 
Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value7,289 — — — 7,289 
Total$7,154,851 $1,800,034 $4,901,616 $3,695,909 $17,552,410 
We receive securities as collateral under resale agreements, securities borrowing transactions and customer margin loans. We also receive securities as collateral in connection with securities-for-securities transactions in which we are the lender of securities. In many instances, we are permitted by contract to rehypothecate the securities received as collateral. These securities may be used to secure repurchase agreements, enter into securities lending transactions, satisfy margin requirements on derivative transactions or cover short positions. At May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, the approximate fair value of securities received as collateral by us that may be sold or repledged was $33.0$34.59 billion and $25.9$31.97 billion, respectively. At May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, a substantial portion of the securities received by us had been sold or repledged.
Offsetting of Securities Financing Agreements
To manage our exposure to credit risk associated with securities financing transactions, we may enter into master netting agreements and collateral arrangements with counterparties. Generally, transactions are executed under standard industry agreements, including, but not limited to, master securities lending agreements (securities lending transactions) and master repurchase agreements (repurchase transactions). See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 20202021 for additional information regarding the offsetting of securities financing agreements.
The following tables provide information regarding repurchase agreements, securities borrowing and lending arrangements and securities received as collateral, at fair value, and obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value, that are recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and 1) the extent to which, under enforceable master netting arrangements, such balances are presented net in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as appropriate under U.S. GAAP and 2) the extent to which other rights of setoff associated with these arrangements exist and could have an effect on our financial position (in thousands).
May 31, 2021February 28, 2022
Gross AmountsNetting in Consolidated Statement of Financial ConditionNet Amounts in Consolidated Statement of Financial ConditionAdditional Amounts Available for Setoff (1)Available Collateral (2)Net Amount (3)Gross AmountsNetting in Consolidated Statement of Financial ConditionNet Amounts in Consolidated Statement of Financial ConditionAdditional Amounts Available for Setoff (1)Available Collateral (2)Net Amount (3)
Assets:Assets:Assets:
Securities borrowing arrangementsSecurities borrowing arrangements$6,720,683 $$6,720,683 $(493,650)$(2,083,503)$4,143,530 Securities borrowing arrangements$7,110,757 $— $7,110,757 $(666,368)$(1,374,501)$5,069,888 
Reverse repurchase agreementsReverse repurchase agreements17,120,842 (10,203,617)6,917,225 (618,350)(6,259,927)38,948 Reverse repurchase agreements16,925,395 (10,368,182)6,557,213 (669,010)(5,845,969)42,234 
Securities received as collateral, at fair valueSecurities received as collateral, at fair value973 — 973 — (973)— 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Securities lending arrangementsSecurities lending arrangements$2,277,423 $$2,277,423 $(493,650)$(1,718,328)$65,445 Securities lending arrangements$1,808,896 $— $1,808,896 $(666,368)$(1,091,177)$51,351 
Repurchase agreementsRepurchase agreements17,282,939 (10,203,617)7,079,322 (618,350)(5,933,921)527,051 Repurchase agreements19,301,825 (10,368,182)8,933,643 (669,010)(7,788,211)476,422 
Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair valueObligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value973 — 973 — (973)— 
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November 30, 2020November 30, 2021
Gross AmountsNetting in Consolidated Statement of Financial ConditionNet Amounts in Consolidated Statement of Financial ConditionAdditional Amounts Available for Setoff (1)Available Collateral (2)Net Amount (4)Gross AmountsNetting in Consolidated Statement of Financial ConditionNet Amounts in Consolidated Statement of Financial ConditionAdditional Amounts Available for Setoff (1)Available Collateral (2)Net Amount (4)
Assets:Assets:Assets:
Securities borrowing arrangementsSecurities borrowing arrangements$6,934,762 $$6,934,762 $(395,342)$(1,706,046)$4,833,374 Securities borrowing arrangements$6,409,420 $— $6,409,420 $(271,475)$(1,528,206)$4,609,739 
Reverse repurchase agreementsReverse repurchase agreements11,939,773 (6,843,004)5,096,769 (412,327)(4,578,560)105,882 Reverse repurchase agreements15,215,785 (7,573,301)7,642,484 (540,312)(7,048,823)53,349 
Securities received as collateral, at fair valueSecurities received as collateral, at fair value7,517 7,517 7,517 Securities received as collateral, at fair value7,289 — 7,289 — (7,289)— 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Securities lending arrangementsSecurities lending arrangements$1,810,748 $$1,810,748 $(395,342)$(1,397,550)$17,856 Securities lending arrangements$1,525,721 $— $1,525,721 $(271,475)$(1,213,563)$40,683 
Repurchase agreementsRepurchase agreements15,159,273 (6,843,004)8,316,269 (412,327)(7,122,422)781,520 Repurchase agreements16,019,400 (7,573,301)8,446,099 (540,312)(7,136,585)769,202 
Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair valueObligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value7,517 7,517 7,517 Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value7,289 — 7,289 — (7,289)— 
(1)Under master netting agreements with our counterparties, we have the legal right of offset with a counterparty, which incorporates all of the counterparty’s outstanding rights and obligations under the arrangement. These balances reflect additional credit risk mitigation that is available by a counterparty in the event of a counterparty’s default, but which are not netted in the balance sheet because other netting provisions of U.S. GAAP are not met.
(2)Includes securities received or paid under collateral arrangements with counterparties that could be liquidated in the event of a counterparty default and thus offset against a counterparty’s rights and obligations under the respective repurchase agreements or securities borrowing or lending arrangements.
(3)Amounts include $4,032.0 million$5.01 billion of securities borrowing arrangements for which we have received securities collateral of $3,904.7 million,$4.87 billion, and $520.0$470.0 million of repurchase agreements, for which we have pledged securities collateral of $533.6$485.1 million, which are subject to master netting agreements, but we have not determined the agreements to be legally enforceable.
(4)Amounts include $4,757.8 million$4.51 billion of securities borrowing arrangements for which we have received securities collateral of $4,617.0 million,$4.35 billion, and $720.0$765.0 million of repurchase agreements, for which we have pledged securities collateral of $733.9$781.8 million, which are subject to master netting agreements, but we have not determined the agreements to be legally enforceable.
Cash and Securities Segregated and on Deposit for Regulatory Purposes or Deposited with Clearing and Depository Organizations
Cash and securities segregated in accordance with regulatory regulations and deposited with clearing and depository organizations totaled $901.4$838.1 million and $604.3 million$1.02 billion at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, respectively. Segregated cash and securities consist of deposits in accordance with Rule 15c3-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which subjects Jefferies LLC as a broker-dealer carrying customer accounts to requirements related to maintaining cash or qualified securities in segregated special reserve bank accounts for the exclusive benefit of its customers.
Other Assets
Restricted cash, which is comprised of cash reserve balances required by securitization agreements and cash collections associated with automobile loans pledged to warehouse credit facilities, is included in Other assets in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition at February 28, 2022. These restricted cash balances are held by trustees and are distributed monthly by the trustees per the various securitization and warehouse credit facility agreements. Restricted cash may also include amounts related to pre-funding arrangements put in place for securitizations, which are funds that remain in an escrow account managed by a trustee until we pledge additional automobile loans to meet the collateral requirements of the related notes, at which time the funds become available for our use.

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Note 7.6. Securitization Activities
We engage in securitization activities related to corporate loans, mortgage loans, consumer loans and mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities. In our securitization transactions, we transfer these assets to special purpose entities (“SPEs”) and act as the placement or structuring agent for the beneficial interests sold to investors by the SPE. A significant portion of our securitization transactions are the securitization of assets issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. These SPEs generally meet the criteria of VIEs; however, we generally do not consolidate the SPEs as we are not considered the primary beneficiary for these SPEs. See Note 8,7, Variable Interest Entities, for further discussion on VIEs and our determination of the primary beneficiary.
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We account for our securitization transactions as sales, provided we have relinquished control over the transferred assets. Transferred assets are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reflected in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings prior to the identification and isolation for securitization. Subsequently, revenues recognized upon securitization are reflected as net underwriting revenues. We generally receive cash proceeds in connection with the transfer of assets to an SPE. We may, however, have continuing involvement with the transferred assets, which is limited to retaining one or more tranches of the securitization (primarily senior and subordinated debt securities in the form of mortgage-backed and other-asset backed securities or CLOs). These securities are included in Financial instruments owned, at fair value in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and are generally initially categorized as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. For further information on fair value measurements and the fair value hierarchy, refer to Note 4,3, Fair Value Disclosures, herein, and Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2020.2021.
The following table presents activity related to our securitizations that were accounted for as sales in which we had continuing involvement (in millions):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
202120202021202020222021
Transferred assetsTransferred assets$3,146.5 $1,475.8 $6,730.0 $3,810.4 Transferred assets$1,080.6 $3,583.5 
Proceeds on new securitizationsProceeds on new securitizations3,146.5 1,475.7 6,729.6 3,810.4 Proceeds on new securitizations1,080.6 3,583.1 
Cash flows received on retained interestsCash flows received on retained interests5.1 7.2 11.1 11.7 Cash flows received on retained interests8.9 6.3 
We have no explicit or implicit arrangements to provide additional financial support to these SPEs, have no liabilities related to these SPEs and do not have any outstanding derivative contracts executed in connection with these securitization activities at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020.2021.
The following tables summarize our retained interests in SPEs where we transferred assets and have continuing involvement and received sale accounting treatment (in millions):
May 31, 2021November 30, 2020February 28, 2022November 30, 2021
Securitization TypeSecuritization TypeTotal AssetsRetained InterestsTotal AssetsRetained InterestsSecuritization TypeTotal AssetsRetained InterestsTotal AssetsRetained Interests
U.S. government agency RMBSU.S. government agency RMBS$447.8 $6.2 $562.5 $7.8 U.S. government agency RMBS$278.4 $4.9 $330.2 $4.9 
U.S. government agency CMBSU.S. government agency CMBS2,224.0 114.5 2,461.2 205.2 U.S. government agency CMBS1,842.3 54.0 2,201.8 69.2 
CLOsCLOs3,702.0 91.9 3,345.5 39.5 CLOs3,984.1 31.7 3,382.3 31.0 
Consumer and other loansConsumer and other loans1,693.3 95.1 1,290.6 56.6 Consumer and other loans2,541.2 141.7 2,271.4 136.4 
Total assets represent the unpaid principal amount of assets in the SPEs in which we have continuing involvement and are presented solely to provide information regarding the size of the transactions and the size of the underlying assets supporting our retained interests, and are not considered representative of the risk of potential loss. Assets retained in connection with a securitization transaction represent the fair value of the securities of one or more tranches issued by an SPE, including senior and subordinated tranches. Our risk of loss is limited to this fair value amount which is included in total Financial instruments owned in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
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Although not obligated, in connection with secondary market-making activities we may make a market in the securities issued by these SPEs. In these market-making transactions, we buy these securities from and sell these securities to investors. Securities purchased through these market-making activities are not considered to be continuing involvement in these SPEs. To the extent we purchased securities through these market-making activities and we are not deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE, these securities are included in agency and non-agency mortgage-backed and asset-backed securitizations in the nonconsolidated VIEs section presented in Note 8,7, Variable Interest Entities.

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Note 8.7. Variable Interest Entities
VIEs are entities in which equity investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. VIEs are consolidated by the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the party who has both (1) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (2) an obligation to absorb losses of the entity or a right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity.
Our variable interests in VIEs include debt and equity interests, commitments, guarantees and certain fees. Our involvement with VIEs arises primarily from:
Purchases of securities in connection with our trading and secondary market making activities;
Retained interests held as a result of securitization activities;
Acting as placement agent and/or underwriter in connection with client-sponsored securitizations;
Financing of agency and non-agency mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities;
Acting as servicer for a fee to automobile loan financing vehicles;
Warehouse funding arrangements for client-sponsored consumer and mortgage loan vehicles and CLOs through participation agreements, forward sale agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, and revolving loan and note commitments; and
Loans to, investments in and fees from various investment vehicles.
We determine whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE upon our initial involvement with the VIE and we reassess whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing basis. Our determination of whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE is based upon the facts and circumstances for each VIE and requires judgment. Our considerations in determining the VIE’s most significant activities and whether we have power to direct those activities include, but are not limited to, the VIE’s purpose and design and the risks passed through to investors, the voting interests of the VIE, management, service and/or other agreements of the VIE, involvement in the VIE’s initial design and the existence of explicit or implicit financial guarantees. In situations where we have determined that the power over the VIE’s significant activities is shared, we assess whether we are the party with the power over the most significant activities. If we are the party with the power over the most significant activities, we meet the “power” criteria of the primary beneficiary. If we do not have the power over the most significant activities or we determine that decisions require consent of each sharing party, we do not meet the “power” criteria of the primary beneficiary.
We assess our variable interests in a VIE both individually and in aggregate to determine whether we have an obligation to absorb losses of or a right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The determination of whether our variable interest is significant to the VIE requires judgment. In determining the significance of our variable interest, we consider the terms, characteristics and size of the variable interests, the design and characteristics of the VIE, our involvement in the VIE and our market-making activities related to the variable interests.
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Consolidated VIEs
The following table presents information about our consolidated VIEs at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 20202021 (in millions). The assets and liabilities in the tables below are presented prior to consolidation and thus a portion of these assets and liabilities are eliminated in consolidation.
May 31, 2021November 30, 2020February 28, 2022November 30, 2021
Secured Funding VehiclesOtherSecured Funding VehiclesOtherSecured Funding VehiclesOtherSecured Funding VehiclesOther
Cash (1)Cash (1)$$1.2 $$1.2 Cash (1)$11.6 $— $3.8 $— 
Financial instruments owned (2)Financial instruments owned (2)0.2 5.2 Financial instruments owned (2)239.5 64.7 173.1 146.4 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell (3)(1)Securities purchased under agreements to resell (3)(1)3,535.2 2,908.9 Securities purchased under agreements to resell (3)(1)2,554.8 18.0 3,697.1 — 
Receivable from brokers22.5 12.9 
Other assets0.2 0.1 
Receivables from brokers (2)Receivables from brokers (2)— 54.0 — 40.6 
Other receivablesOther receivables742.9 — 0.6 — 
Other assets (3)Other assets (3)133.7 — — — 
Total assetsTotal assets$3,535.2 $24.1 $2,908.9 $19.4 Total assets$3,682.5 $136.7 $3,874.6 $187.0 
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchasedFinancial instruments sold, not yet purchased$$$$2.5 Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased$— $18.0 $— $109.1 
Other secured financings (4)Other secured financings (4)3,533.8 2,907.8 Other secured financings (4)3,609.5 — 3,828.6 — 
Payables to customers0.3 
Repurchase agreementsRepurchase agreements— 47.1 — — 
Payables to broker dealersPayables to broker dealers50.1 — 44.2 — 
Other liabilities (5)Other liabilities (5)1.4 0.5 1.1 0.4 Other liabilities (5)2.8 75.3 1.8 75.3 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities$3,535.2 $0.8 $2,908.9 $2.9 Total liabilities$3,662.4 $140.4 $3,874.6 $184.4 
(1)Approximately $1.2 million and $0.7 million of the cash amounts at May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively, represent cash on deposit with related consolidated entities and are eliminated in consolidation.
(2)Approximately $0.2 million of financial instruments owned at May 31, 2021, are with related consolidated entities, which are eliminated in consolidation.
(3)Securities purchased under agreements to resell primarily represent amounts due under collateralized transactions on related consolidated entities, which are eliminated in consolidation. At February 28, 2022, approximately $18.0 million was not eliminated in consolidation.
(4)(2)Approximately $138.2$1.4 million and $1.2 million of the other secured financingsreceivables from brokers at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, respectively, are with related consolidated entities, which are eliminated in consolidation.
(3)Approximately $45.7 million of the other assets at February 28, 2022 represent intercompany receivables with related consolidated entities, which are eliminated in consolidation.
(4)Approximately $58.6 million and $36.7 million of the other secured financings at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, are with related consolidated entities and are eliminated in consolidation.
(5)Approximately $0.3$75.2 million and $75.3 million of the other liabilities amounts at both May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020 represent intercompany payables2021, respectively, are with related consolidated entities, which are eliminated in consolidation.
Secured Funding Vehicles. We are the primary beneficiary of asset-backed financing vehicles to which we sell agency and non-agency residential and commercial mortgage loans, and asset-backed securities pursuant to the terms of a master repurchase agreement. Our variable interests in these vehicles consist of our collateral margin maintenance obligations under the master repurchase agreement, which we manage, and retained interests in securities issued. The assets of these VIEs consist of reverse repurchase agreements, which are available for the benefit of the vehicle’s debt holders.
At February 28, 2022, we are the primary beneficiary of automobile loan financing vehicles to which we transfer automobile loans, act as servicer of the automobile loans for a fee and retain equity interests in the vehicles. The assets of these VIEs consist primarily of automobile loans, which are accounted for as loans held for investment at amortized cost and included within Receivables—fees, interest and other on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition. The liabilities of these VIEs consist of notes issued by the VIEs, which are accounted for at amortized cost and included within Other secured financings on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition and do not have recourse to our general credit. The automobile loans are pledged as collateral for the related notes and available only for the benefit of the note holders.
Other. We are the primary beneficiary of certain investment vehicles set up for the benefit of our employees. We manage and invest alongside our employees in these vehicles. The assets of these VIEs consist of private equity securities, and are available for the benefit of the entities’ equity holders. Our variable interests in these vehicles consist of equity securities. The creditors of these VIEs do not have recourse to our general credit and each such VIE’s assets are not available to satisfy any other debt.
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Nonconsolidated VIEs
The following tables present information about our variable interests in nonconsolidated VIEs (in millions):
May 31, 2021February 28, 2022
Carrying AmountMaximum Exposure to LossVIE AssetsCarrying AmountMaximum Exposure to LossVIE Assets
AssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilities
CLOsCLOs$145.3 $2.4 $1,089.7 $6,684.9 CLOs$851.1 $2.9 $3,500.2 $8,461.2 
Asset-backed vehiclesAsset-backed vehicles265.6 421.2 2,584.6 Asset-backed vehicles485.8 — 510.6 5,022.5 
Related party private equity vehiclesRelated party private equity vehicles23.7 34.6 67.2 Related party private equity vehicles26.2 — 36.9 74.7 
Other investment vehiclesOther investment vehicles796.3 797.5 11,490.3 Other investment vehicles1,239.8 — 1,333.5 14,685.4 
TotalTotal$1,230.9 $2.4 $2,343.0 $20,827.0 Total$2,602.9 $2.9 $5,381.2 $28,243.8 
November 30, 2020November 30, 2021
Carrying AmountMaximum Exposure to LossVIE AssetsCarrying AmountMaximum Exposure to LossVIE Assets
AssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilities
CLOsCLOs$60.7 $0.2 $642.7 $6,849.1 CLOs$582.2 $2.0 $2,557.1 $10,277.5 
Asset-backed vehiclesAsset-backed vehicles251.6 377.2 2,462.7 Asset-backed vehicles281.9 — 359.3 3,474.6 
Related party private equity vehiclesRelated party private equity vehicles19.0 30.0 53.0 Related party private equity vehicles27.1 — 37.8 78.9 
Other investment vehiclesOther investment vehicles739.7 740.9 12,570.2 Other investment vehicles907.6 — 908.5 12,536.8 
TotalTotal$1,071.0 $0.2 $1,790.8 $21,935.0 Total$1,798.8 $2.0 $3,862.7 $26,367.8 
Our maximum exposure to loss often differs from the carrying value of the variable interests. The maximum exposure to loss is dependent on the nature of our variable interests in the VIEs and is limited to the notional amounts of certain loan and equity commitments and guarantees. Our maximum exposure to loss does not include the offsetting benefit of any financial instruments that may be utilized to hedge the risks associated with our variable interests and is not reduced by the amount of collateral held as part of a transaction with a VIE.
Collateralized Loan Obligations. Assets collateralizing the CLOs include bank loans, participation interests, sub-investment grade and senior secured U.S. loans, and senior secured Euro denominated corporate leveraged loans and bonds. We underwrite securities issued in CLO transactions on behalf of sponsors and provide advisory services to the sponsors. We may also sell corporate loans to the CLOs. Our variable interests in connection with CLOs where we have been involved in providing underwriting and/or advisory services consist of the following:
Forward sale agreements whereby we commit to sell, at a fixed price, corporate loans and ownership interests in an entity holding such corporate loans to CLOs;
Warehouse funding arrangements in the form of:
Participation interests in corporate loans held by CLOs and commitments to fund such participation interests, and
Reverse repurchase agreements with collateral margin maintenance obligations and commitments to fund such reverse repurchase agreements; and
Senior and subordinated notes issued in connection with CLO warehousing activities.
Trading positions in securities issued in CLO transactions; and
Investments in variable funding notes issued by CLOs.
Asset-Backed Vehicles. We provide financing and lending related services to certain client-sponsored VIEs in the form of revolving funding note agreements, revolving credit facilities, forward purchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements. The underlying assets, which are collateralizing the vehicles, are primarily composed of unsecured consumer loans, mortgage loans, and trade claims.loans. In addition, we may provide structuring and advisory services and act as an underwriter or placement agent for securities issued by the vehicles. We do not control the activities of these entities.
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Related Party Private Equity Vehicles. We committed to invest in private equity funds, (the “JCP Funds”, including JCP Fund V (see Note 9,8, Investments)) managed by Jefferies Capital Partners, LLC (the “JCP Manager”). Additionally, we committed to invest in the general partners of the JCP Funds (the “JCP General Partners”) and the JCP Manager. Our variable interests in the JCP Funds, JCP General Partners and JCP Manager (collectively, the “JCP Entities”) consist of equity interests that, in total, provide us with limited and general partner investment returns of the JCP Funds, a portion of the carried interest earned by the JCP General Partners and a portion of the management fees earned by the JCP Manager. At both May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, our total equity commitment in the JCP Entities was $133.0 million, of which $122.1 million and $122.0$122.3 million had been funded, respectively.funded. The carrying value of our equity investments in the JCP Entities was $23.7$26.2 million and $19.0$27.1 million at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, respectively. Our exposure to loss is limited to the total of our carrying value and unfunded equity commitment. The assets of the JCP Entities primarily consist of private equity and equity related investments.
Other Investment Vehicles. At May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, we had equity commitments to invest $662.3 million$1.07 billion and $749.3$760.0 million, respectively, in various other investment vehicles, of which $661.1$976.0 million and $748.1$759.1 million was funded, respectively. The carrying value of our equity investments was $796.3 million$1.24 billion and $739.7$907.6 million at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, respectively. Our exposure to loss is limited to the total of our carrying value and unfunded equity commitment. These investment vehicles have assets primarily consisting of private and public equity investments, debt instruments, trade and insurance claims and various oil and gas assets.
Mortgage-Backed and Other Asset-Backed Secured Funding Vehicles. In connection with our secondary trading and market-making activities, we buy and sell agency and non-agency mortgage-backed securities and other asset-backed securities, which are issued by third-party securitization SPEs and are generally considered variable interests in VIEs. Securities issued by securitization SPEs are backed by residential mortgage loans, U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations, commercial mortgage loans, CDOs and CLOs and other consumer loans, such as installment receivables, autoautomobile loans and student loans. These securities are accounted for at fair value and included in Financial instruments owned in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. We have no other involvement with the related SPEs and therefore do not consolidate these entities.
We also engage in underwriting, placement and structuring activities for third-party-sponsored securitization trusts generally through agency (FNMA (“Fannie Mae”),(Fannie Mae, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) or GNMA (“Ginnie Mae”))Mae) or non-agency-sponsored SPEs and may purchase loans or mortgage-backed securities from third-parties that are subsequently transferred into the securitization trusts. The securitizations are backed by residential and commercial mortgage, home equity and autoautomobile loans. We do not consolidate agency-sponsored securitizations as we do not have the power to direct the activities of the SPEs that most significantly impact their economic performance. Further, we are not the servicer of non-agency-sponsored securitizations and therefore do not have power to direct the most significant activities of the SPEs and accordingly, do not consolidate these entities. We may retain unsold senior and/or subordinated interests at the time of securitization in the form of securities issued by the SPEs.
At May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, we held $1,418.2 million$1.05 billion and $1,571.6 million$1.31 billion of agency mortgage-backed securities, respectively, and $239.2$207.0 million and $252.0$253.9 million of non-agency mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities, respectively, as a result of our secondary trading and market-making activities, and underwriting, placement and structuring activities. Our maximum exposure to loss on these securities is limited to the carrying value of our investments in these securities. These mortgage-backed and other asset-backed secured funding vehicles discussed are not included in the above table containing information about our variable interests in nonconsolidated VIEs.

Note 9.8. Investments
At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, we had investments in Jefferies FinanceJFIN Parent LLC (“Jefferies Finance”) and Berkadia. We hold an equity interest in JFIN Parent LLC and Jefferies Finance LLC is a direct subsidiary of JFIN Parent LLC. Our investments in Jefferies Finance and Berkadia have been accounted for under the equity method and have been included in Loans to and investments in related parties in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition with our share of the investees’ earnings recognized in Other revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. We have limited partnership interests of 11% and 50%51% in Jefferies Capital Partners V L.P. and the Jefferies SBI USA Fund L.P. (together, “JCP Fund V”), respectively, which are private equity funds managed by a team led by one of our directors and our Chairman of the Executive Committee.
In addition, at December 1, 2021, in connection with the transfer of certain securities and partnership interests from Jefferies to us, we have investments in Monashee Holdings LLC (“Monashee”); Oak Hill Capital Management LLC, OHCP GenPar Holdco, LP, Oak Hill Capital Management Partners III, LP and Oak Hill Capital Partners IV (Management), LP (collectively the “Oak Hill entities”) and ApiJect Systems, Corp. (“ApiJect”).
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Jefferies Finance
Jefferies Finance, aour 50/50 joint venture entity pursuant to an agreement with Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (“MassMutual”), is a commercial finance company that structures, underwrites and syndicates primarily senior secured loans to corporate borrowers.borrowers; and manages proprietary and third-party investments for both broadly syndicated and direct lending loans. Jefferies Finance conducts its operations primarily through 2 business lines, Leveraged Finance Arrangement and Portfolio &and Asset Management. The Leveraged Finance Arrangement business line participates in transactions typically ranging from $250.0 million to $1.5 billion for borrowers. Loans are originated primarily through theour investment banking efforts and Jefferies Finance typically syndicates to third-party investors substantially all of Jefferies LLC.its arranged volume through us. The Portfolio &and Asset Management business line,lines, collectively referred to as Jefferies Credit Partners, manages a broad portfolio of assets under management comprised of portions of loans it has arranged, as well as loan positions that it has purchased in the primary and secondary markets. Jefferies Credit Partners is comprised of three registered Investment Advisors: Jefferies Finance, Apex Credit Partners LLC and JFIN Asset Management LLC, which serve as a private credit platform that manages more than $10.0 billion ofmanaging proprietary and third partythird-party capital invested across commingled funds, separately managed accounts and CLOs.
At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, we and MassMutual each had equity commitments to Jefferies Finance of $750.0 million, for a combined total commitment of $1.5$1.50 billion. The equity commitment is reduced quarterly based on our share of any undistributed earnings from Jefferies Finance and the commitment is increased only to the extent the share of such earnings are distributed. At May 31, 2021, we had funded $676.8 million ofFebruary 28, 2022, our $750.0 millionremaining commitment leaving $73.2 million unfunded.to Jefferies Finance was $15.4 million. The investment commitment is scheduled to expire on March 1, 20222023 with automatic one year extensions absent a 60 days termination notice by either party.
Jefferies Finance has executed a Secured Revolving Credit Facility with us and MassMutual, to be funded equally, to support loan underwritings by Jefferies Finance, which bears interest based on the interest rates of the related Jefferies Finance underwritten loans and is secured by the underlying loans funded by the proceeds of the facility. The total Secured Revolving Credit Facility is a committed amount of $500.0 million at May 31, 2021.February 28, 2022. Advances are shared equally between us and MassMutual. The facility is scheduled to mature on March 1, 20222023 with automatic one year extensions absent a 60 days termination notice by either party. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, we had funded $0.0 million of our $250.0 million commitment. The following summarizes the activity included in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings related to the facility (in millions):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
202120202021202020222021
Interest incomeInterest income$1.1 $1.4 $1.4 $2.2 Interest income$0.1 $0.3 
Unfunded commitment feesUnfunded commitment fees0.2 0.1 0.5 0.4 Unfunded commitment fees0.3 0.3 
The following is a summary of selected financial information for Jefferies Finance (in millions):
May 31, 2021November 30, 2020
Our total equity balance$676.8 $604.6 
February 28, 2022November 30, 2021
Our total equity balance$734.6 $707.4 
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
2021202020212020
Net earnings (loss)$83.3 $(99.2)$144.6 $(78.5)
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
20222021
Net earnings$57.5 $61.3 
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The following summarizes activity related to our other transactions with Jefferies Finance (in millions):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
202120202021202020222021
Origination and syndication fee revenues (1)Origination and syndication fee revenues (1)$145.4 $43.8 $215.7 $81.5 Origination and syndication fee revenues (1)$114.9 $70.3 
Origination fee expenses (1)Origination fee expenses (1)20.5 3.0 32.8 8.6 Origination fee expenses (1)15.9 12.3 
CLO placement fee revenues (2)CLO placement fee revenues (2)1.3 3.7 0.4 CLO placement fee revenues (2)0.7 2.4 
Underwriting fees (3)Underwriting fees (3)0.5 0.3 Underwriting fees (3)— 0.5 
Service fees (4)Service fees (4)14.0 10.7 45.5 35.9 Service fees (4)50.0 31.5 
(1)We engage in the origination and syndication of loans underwritten by Jefferies Finance. In connection with such services, we earned fees, which are recognized in Investment banking revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. In addition, we paid fees to Jefferies Finance in respect of certain loans originated by Jefferies Finance, which are recognized as Business development expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
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(2)We act as a placement agent for CLOs managed by Jefferies Finance, for which we recognized fees, which are included in Investment banking revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. At May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, we held securities issued by CLOs managed by Jefferies Finance, which are included in Financial instruments owned, at fair value.
(3)We acted as underwriter in connection with term loans issued by Jefferies Finance.
(4)Under a service agreement, we charge Jefferies Finance for services provided.

In connection with non-U.S. dollar loans originated by Jefferies Finance to borrowers who are investment banking clients of ours, we have entered into an agreement to indemnify Jefferies Finance with respect to any foreign currency exposure.
Receivables from Jefferies Finance, included in Other assets in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, were $31.6$37.2 million and $24.2$26.2 million at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, respectively. At May 31,February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, Payablespayables to Jefferies Finance, related to cash deposited with us and included in Payables to customers in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, was $1.8 million. At November 30, 2020, payables to Jefferies Finance, related to cash deposited with uswere $2.5 million and included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, was $13.7 million.$8.5 million, respectively.
Berkadia
Berkadia is a commercial mortgage banking and servicing joint venture that was formed in 2009 by Jefferies and Berkshire Hathaway Inc. On October 1, 2018, Jefferies transferred its 50% voting equity interest in Berkadia and related arrangements to us. As a result, we are entitled to receive 45% of the profits of Berkadia. Berkadia originates commercial/multifamily real estate loans that are sold to U.S. government agencies or other investors. Berkadia also is an investment sales advisor focused on the multifamily industry. Berkadia is a servicer of commercial real estate loans in the U.S., performing primary, master and special servicing functions for U.S. government agency programs, commercial mortgage-backed securities transactions, banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions.
The following is a summary of selected financial information for Berkadia (in millions):
May 31, 2021November 30, 2020
Our total equity balance$361.3 $301.2 
February 28, 2022November 30, 2021
Our total equity balance$412.3 $373.4 
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
2021202020212020
Net earnings$68.1 $$134.8 $48.7 
We received distributions from Berkadia on our equity interest as follows (in millions):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
2021202020212020
Distributions$0.2 $0.4 $0.5 $36.6 
At May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, we had commitments to purchase $544.1 million and $401.0 million, respectively, of agency CMBS from Berkadia.
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
20222021
Net earnings$86.4 $66.7 
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We received distributions from Berkadia on our equity interest as follows (in millions):
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
20222021
Distributions$0.2 $0.3 
At February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, we had commitments to purchase $431.0 million and $425.6 million, respectively, of agency CMBS from Berkadia.
JCP Fund V
The amount of our investments in JCP Fund V included in Financial instruments owned, at fair value in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition was $22.1$24.6 million and $17.4$25.4 million at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, respectively. We account for these investments at fair value based on the NAV of the funds provided by the fund managers (see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2020)2021). The following summarizes the results from these investments which are included in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings (in millions):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
2021202020212020
Net gains (losses) from our investments in JCP Fund V$5.0 $(7.0)$4.5 $(5.5)
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
20222021
Net gains (losses) from our investments in JCP Fund V$0.9 $(0.5)
At both May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, we were committed to invest equity of up to $85.0 million in JCP Fund V. At May 31, 2021both February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, our unfunded commitment relating to JCP Fund V was $8.9 million and $9.1 million, respectively.$8.7 million.
The following is a summary of the Net change in net assets resulting from operations for 100.0% of JCP Fund V, in which we owned effectively 35.2%35.7% at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 of the combined equity interests (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2021December 31, 2020March 31, 2020December 31, 2019
Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations (1)$14,315 $(1,024)$(19,893)$(1,397)
Three Months Ended December 31,
20212020
Net decrease in net assets resulting from operations (1)$(3,159)$(1,024)
(1)Financial information for JCP Fund V within our results of operations for the three and six months ended May 31,February 28, 2022 and 2021 and 2020 is included based on the presented periods.
Asset Management Investments
We have investments in various asset management entities with an aggregate carrying amount of $183.0 million at February 28, 2022. These equity method investments consist of our shares in Monashee, an investment management company, registered investment advisor and general partner of various investment management funds and provide us with a 50% voting rights interest and the rights to distributions of 47.5% of the annual net profits of Monashee’s operations if certain thresholds are met. These investments also consist of membership interests and limited partnership interests of approximately 15% in the Oak Hill investment management company and registered investment adviser and the Oak Hill general partner entity, which is entitled to carried interest from certain Oak Hill managed funds. A portion of the carrying amount of these investments relates to contract and customer relationship and client relationship intangible assets and goodwill. The intangible assets are amortized over their useful life and the goodwill is not amortized. Our proportionate share of the allocated net profits of the investments are reported within Other revenues in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings.
ApiJect
At February 28, 2022, we owned shares which represent a 36% economic interest in ApiJect. Our investment in ApiJect is accounted for at fair value by electing the fair value option available under U.S. GAAP and included within corporate equity securities in Financial instruments owned, at fair value, in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition. The valuation of our investment at February 28, 2022 is calibrated using the last funding round and is included within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. There was no change in the fair value of our investment in ApiJect for the three months ended February 28, 2022.
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We have entered into a term loan agreement with ApiJect for $25.0 million, and a term loan agreement with a principal of ApiJect for $25.0 million, both maturing on April 15, 2022. These loans are accounted for at cost plus accrued interest and are reported within Other assets in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition. Interest income of $1.1 million was recognized related to the loans for the three months ended February 28, 2022 and are recognized in Interest revenues in our Consolidated Statement of Earnings. These loans have a fair value of $54.6 million at February 28, 2022, which would be classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Note 10.9. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
Goodwill, which is all attributed to our Investment Banking and Capital Markets reportable business segments are as follows (in thousands):
May 31, 2021November 30, 2020
Investment Banking and Capital Markets$1,651,725 $1,646,523 
Asset Management410 
Total goodwill$1,651,725 $1,646,933 
segment, amounted to $1.65 billion at both February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021.
The following table is a summary of the changes to goodwill for the sixthree months ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 (in thousands):
Balance at November 30, 20202021$1,646,9331,645,317 
Currency translation and other adjustments5,192643 
Impairment losses(400)
Balance at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022$1,651,7251,645,960 
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Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are included in Other assets in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The following tables present the gross carrying amount, changes in carrying amount, net carrying amount and weighted average amortization period of identifiable intangible assets at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 20202021 (dollars in thousands):
May 31, 2021Weighted average remaining lives (years)February 28, 2022Weighted average remaining lives (years)
Gross costAccumulated amortizationNet carrying amountGross costAccumulated amortizationWeighted average remaining lives (years)Net carrying amount
Customer relationshipsCustomer relationships$126,839 $(80,462)$46,377 9.2Customer relationships$126,019 $(86,130)9.0
Trade nameTrade name129,929 (30,682)99,247 26.8Trade name128,919 (33,207)95,712 26.0
Exchange and clearing organization membership interests and registrationsExchange and clearing organization membership interests and registrations7,928 — 7,928 N/AExchange and clearing organization membership interests and registrations7,727 — 7,727 N/A
TotalTotal$264,696 $(111,144)$153,552 Total$262,665 $(119,337)$143,328 

November 30, 2020Weighted average remaining lives (years)November 30, 2021Weighted average remaining lives (years)
Gross costAccumulated amortizationNet carrying amountWeighted average remaining lives (years)Accumulated amortizationNet carrying amount
Customer relationshipsCustomer relationships$126,080 $(75,776)$50,304 9.4Customer relationships$125,921 $41,942 9.0
Trade nameTrade name128,840 (28,585)100,255 27.3Trade name128,753 (32,244)96,509 26.3
Exchange and clearing organization membership interests and registrationsExchange and clearing organization membership interests and registrations7,884 — 7,884 N/AExchange and clearing organization membership interests and registrations7,732 — 7,732 N/A
TotalTotal$262,804 $(104,361)$158,443 Total$262,406 $(116,223)$146,183 
Amortization Expense
For finite life intangible assets, aggregate amortization expense amounted to $3.0 million and $6.0 million for both the three and six months ended May 31, 2021, respectively,February 28, 2022 and $3.3 million and $6.3 million for the three and six months ended May 31, 2020, respectively.2021. These expenses are included in Other expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
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The estimated future amortization expense for the next five succeeding fiscal years is as follows (in thousands):
Remainder of fiscal 2021year 2022$6,091 
Year ending November 30, 20229,2396,194 
Year ending November 30, 20238,258 
Year ending November 30, 20248,258 
Year ending November 30, 20258,258 
Year ending November 30, 20268,258 

Note 11.10. Short-Term Borrowings
Short-term borrowings at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 20202021 mature in one year or less and include the following (in thousands):
May 31, 2021November 30, 2020February 28, 2022November 30, 2021
Bank loans (1)Bank loans (1)$469,034 $752,848 Bank loans (1)$461,053 $215,063 
Floating rate puttable notes (1)Floating rate puttable notes (1)6,800 6,800 Floating rate puttable notes (1)6,800 6,800 
Equity-linked notes (2)5,067 
Total short-term borrowingsTotal short-term borrowings$475,834 $764,715 Total short-term borrowings$467,853 $221,863 
(1)These Short-term borrowings are recorded at cost in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, which is a reasonable approximation of their fair values due to their liquid and short-term nature.
(2)
See Note 4, Fair Value Disclosures,
At February 28, 2022, the weighted average interest rate on short-term borrowings outstanding is 1.52% per annum.
At February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, our borrowings under credit facilities classified within bank loans in Short-term borrowings in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition were $400.0 million and $200.0 million, respectively. Our borrowings include credit facilities that contain certain covenants that, among other things, require us to maintain a specified level of tangible net worth, require a minimum regulatory net capital requirement for further informationour U.S. broker-dealer, Jefferies LLC, and impose certain restrictions on the future indebtedness of certain of our subsidiaries that are borrowers. Interest is based on rates at spreads over the federal funds rate or other adjusted rates, as defined in the various credit agreements, or at a rate as agreed between the bank and us in reference to the bank’s cost of funding. At February 28, 2022, we were in compliance with all covenants under these notes.credit facilities.


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At May 31, 2021, the weighted average interest rate on short-term borrowings outstanding is 1.49% per annum.
Our bank loans include facilities that contain certain covenants that, among other things, require us to maintain a specified level of tangible net worth and impose certain restrictions on the future indebtedness of certain of our subsidiaries that are borrowers. At May 31, 2021, we were in compliance with all covenants under these facilities. Our facilities are with a bank and are included within bank loans at May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020 were $413.0 million and $746.0 million, respectively. Interest is based on a rate per annum at spreads over the Federal Funds Rate, as defined in the credit agreements.
In addition, a bank has agreed to make revolving intraday credit advances (“Intraday Credit Facility”) for an aggregate committed amount of $150.0 million. The Intraday Credit Facility is structured so that advances are generally repaid before the end of each business day. However, if an advance is not repaid by the end of any business day, the advance is converted to an overnight loan. Intraday loans accrue interest at a rate of 0.12%. Interest is charged based on the number of minutes in a day the advance is outstanding. Overnight loans are charged interest at the base rate plus 3% on a daily basis. The base rate is the higher of the federal funds rate plus 0.50% or the prime rate in effect at that time. The Intraday Credit Facility contains financial covenants, which include a minimum regulatory net capital requirement for our U.S. broker-dealer, Jefferies LLC. At May 31, 2021, we were in compliance with all debt covenants under the Intraday Credit Facility.

Note 12.11. Long-Term Debt
The following summarizes our long-term debt carrying values (including unamortized discounts and premiums, valuation adjustments and debt issuance costs, where applicable) (in thousands):
MaturityEffective Interest RateMay 31,
2021
November 30,
2020
MaturityEffective Interest RateFebruary 28,
2022
November 30,
2021
Unsecured long-term debt:Unsecured long-term debt:Unsecured long-term debt:
2.250% Euro Medium Term NotesJuly 13, 20220%$$4,638 
5.125% Senior NotesJanuary 20, 20234.47%757,670 759,901 
1.000% Euro Medium Term Notes1.000% Euro Medium Term NotesJuly 19, 20241.00%609,952 595,700 1.000% Euro Medium Term NotesJuly 19, 20241.00%$559,925 $564,985 
4.850% Senior Notes (1)4.850% Senior Notes (1)January 15, 20274.93%788,749 809,039 4.850% Senior Notes (1)January 15, 20274.93%757,872 775,550 
6.450% Senior Debentures6.450% Senior DebenturesJune 8, 20275.46%367,824 369,057 6.450% Senior DebenturesJune 8, 20275.46%365,909 366,556 
4.150% Senior Notes4.150% Senior NotesJanuary 23, 20304.26%990,044 989,574 4.150% Senior NotesJanuary 23, 20304.26%990,769 990,525 
2.750% Senior Notes (1) 2.750% Senior Notes (1)October 15, 20322.85%454,096 485,134  2.750% Senior Notes (1)October 15, 20322.85%445,542 460,724 
6.250% Senior Debentures6.250% Senior DebenturesJanuary 15, 20366.03%510,611 510,834 6.250% Senior DebenturesJanuary 15, 20366.03%505,151 505,267 
6.500% Senior Notes6.500% Senior NotesJanuary 20, 20436.09%419,611 419,826 6.500% Senior NotesJanuary 20, 20436.09%409,815 409,926 
2.625% Senior Notes (1)2.625% Senior Notes (1)October 15, 20312.73%970,927 988,059 
Floating Rate Senior NotesFloating Rate Senior NotesOctober 29, 2071—%61,706 61,703 
Unsecured Credit FacilityUnsecured Credit FacilityAugust 3, 20231.63%349,105 348,951 
Structured notes (2)Structured notes (2)VariousVarious1,819,975 1,712,245 Structured notes (2)VariousVarious1,762,163 1,843,598 
Total unsecured long-term debtTotal unsecured long-term debt6,718,532 6,655,948 Total unsecured long-term debt7,178,884 7,315,844 
Secured long-term debtSecured long-term debtSecured long-term debt
Revolving Credit Facility248,764 189,732 
Secured Credit Facility375,000 
Secured Credit FacilitiesSecured Credit Facilities609,091 623,982 
Secured Bank LoanSecured Bank LoanSeptember 27, 202150,000 50,000 Secured Bank Loan100,000 100,000 
Total long-term debt (3)Total long-term debt (3)$7,392,296 $6,895,680 Total long-term debt (3)$7,887,975 $8,039,826 
(1)The carrying values of these senior notes includes ainclude net gaingains of $52.0$50.5 million and a net loss of $47.2$46.8 million in the sixthree months ended May 31,February 28, 2022 and 2021, and 2020, respectively, associated with interest rate swaps based on designation as fair value hedges. See Note 5,4, Derivative Financial Instruments, for further information.
(2)These structured notes contain various interest rate payment terms and are accounted for at fair value, with changes in fair value resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk presented in other comprehensive income and changes in fair value resulting from non-credit components recognized in Principal transactions revenues. A weighted average coupon rate is not meaningful, as all of the structured notes are carried at fair value.
(3)The Total Long-term debt has a fair value of $8,046.1 million$8.21 billion and $7,575.2 million$8.64 billion at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, respectively, which would be classified as Level 2 and Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
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During the sixthree months ended May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, long-term debt increased $496.6decreased by $151.9 million to $7.89 billion at February 28, 2022, as presented in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, primarily due to an increase of $375.0 million from our borrowings under our Secured Credit Facility (“Secured Credit Facility”), approximately $59.5 million of structured notes issuances, net of retirements, a $59.0 million net increase due to our secured Revolving Credit Facility (“Revolving Credit Facility”) andfair value changes in instrument specific credit risk on our structured notes partially offset by lossesand decreases on our senior notes associated with interest rate swaps based on their designation as fair value hedges.hedges, partially offset by structured notes issuances, net of retirements, of approximately $71.2 million. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, all of our structured notes contain various interest rate payment terms and are accounted for at fair value, with changes in fair value resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk presented in other comprehensive income and changes in fair value resulting from non-credit components recognized in Principal transactions revenues. Gains and losses in the fair value of structured notes resulting from non-credit components are recognized within Other adjustments on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow.
During AprilAt February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, we entered into a Revolving Credit Facility with a group of commercial banks following the maturity of our previous revolving credit facility. At May 31, 2021, borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facilityseveral credit facilities classified within Long-term debt in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition amounted to $248.8 million.$958.2 million and $972.9 million, respectively. Interest on these credit facilities is based on an adjusted London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”),LIBOR rates or other adjusted rates, as defined in the various credit agreement.agreements. The Revolving Credit Facility containscredit facility agreements contain certain covenants that, among other things, requires Jefferies Group LLCrequire us to maintain specified levellevels of tangible net worth and liquidity amounts, and imposesimpose certain restrictions on future indebtedness of and requiresrequire specified levels of regulated capital and cash reserves for certain of our subsidiaries. Throughout the period and at May 31, 2021, no instances of noncompliance with the Revolving Credit Facility covenants occurred and we expect to remain in compliance given our current liquidity and anticipated funding requirements given our business plan and profitability expectations.
During May 2021, we entered into a Secured Credit Facility agreement with a bank under which we have borrowed $375.0 million at May 31, 2021. Interest is based on a rate per annum at spreads over an Adjusted LIBOR Rate, as defined in the credit agreement. The Secured Credit Facility contains certain covenants that, among other things, require Jefferies Group LLC to maintain a specified level of tangible net worth. The covenants also require the borrower to maintain specified leverage amounts and impose certain restrictions on the borrower’s future indebtedness. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, we were in compliance with all debt covenants under the Secured Credit Facility.theses credit facilities.
One
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In addition one of our subsidiaries has a Loan and Security Agreement with a bank for a term loan with a principal amount of $50.0 million (“Secured Bank Loan”). ThisAt both February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, borrowings under the Secured Bank Loan amounted to $100.0 million and are also classified within Long-term debt in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Secured Bank Loan matures on September 27, 202113, 2024 and is collateralized by certain trading securities. Interest on the Secured Bank Loan issecurities with an interest rate of 1.25% plus LIBOR. The agreement contains certain covenants that, among other things, restrictrestricts lien or encumbrance upon any of the pledged collateral. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, we were in compliance with all covenants under the Loan and Security Agreement.Secured Bank Loan.

Note 13.12. Revenues from Contracts with Customers
The following table presents our total revenues separated for our revenues from contracts with customers and our other sources of revenues (in thousands):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
2021202020212020
Revenues from contracts with customers:
Commissions and other fees$222,643 $243,267 $459,581 $422,802 
Investment banking1,000,700 387,491 2,004,362 979,493 
Asset management fees2,315 2,237 9,228 6,641 
Total revenue from contracts with customers1,225,658 632,995 2,473,171 1,408,936 
Other sources of revenue:
Principal transactions325,059 467,283 1,116,278 839,185 
Revenue from strategic affiliates12,252 2,339 42,722 9,655 
Interest206,958 211,941 425,979 506,609 
Other66,769 (47,275)127,357 (17,546)
Total revenues$1,836,696 $1,267,283 $4,185,507 $2,746,839 
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Three Months Ended 
February 28,
20222021
Revenues from contracts with customers:
Commissions and other fees$229,453 $236,938 
Investment banking945,048 1,003,662 
Asset management fees12,569 6,913 
Total revenue from contracts with customers1,187,070 1,247,513 
Other sources of revenue:
Principal transactions260,026 791,219 
Revenue from strategic affiliates26,982 30,470 
Interest212,790 219,021 
Other65,791 60,588 
Total revenues$1,752,659 $2,348,811 
Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when, or as, we satisfy our performance obligations by transferring the promised goods or services to the customers. A good or service is transferred to a customer when, or as, the customer obtains control of that good or service. A performance obligation may be satisfied over time or at a point in time. Revenue from a performance obligation satisfied over time is recognized by measuring our progress in satisfying the performance obligation in a manner that depicts the transfer of the goods or services to the customer. Revenue from a performance obligation satisfied at a point in time is recognized at the point in time that we determine the customer obtains control over the promised good or service. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those promised goods or services (i.e., the “transaction price”). In determining the transaction price, we consider multiple factors, including the effects of variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price only to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainties with respect to the amount are resolved. In determining when to include variable consideration in the transaction price, we consider the range of possible outcomes, the predictive value of our past experiences, the time period of when uncertainties expect to be resolved and the amount of consideration that is susceptible to factors outside of our influence, such as market volatility or the judgment and actions of third-parties.
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The following provides detailed information on the recognition of our revenues from contracts with customers:
Commissions and Other Fees. We earn commission and other fee revenue by executing, settling and clearing transactions for clients primarily in equity, equity-related and futures products. Trade execution and clearing services, when provided together, represent a single performance obligation as the services are not separately identifiable in the context of the contract. Commission revenues associated with combined trade execution and clearing services, as well as trade execution services on a standalone basis, are recognized at a point in time on trade-date. Commissions revenues are generally paid on settlement date and we record a receivable between trade-date and payment on settlement date. We permit institutional customers to allocate a portion of their gross commissions to pay for research products and other services provided by third-parties. The amounts allocated for those purposes are commonly referred to as soft dollar arrangements. We act as an agent in the soft dollar arrangements as the customer controls the use of the soft dollars and directs our payments to third-party service providers on its behalf. Accordingly, amounts allocated to soft dollar arrangements are netted against commission revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. We also earn investment research fees for the sales of our proprietary investment research when a contract with a client has been identified. The delivery of investment research services represents a distinct performance obligation that is satisfied over time when the performance obligation is to provide ongoing access to a research platform or research analysts, with fees recognized on a straight-line basis over the period in which the performance obligation is satisfied. The performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time when the performance obligation is to provide individual interactions with research analysts or research events, with fees recognized on the interaction date.
We earn account advisory and distribution fees in connection with wealth management services. Account advisory fees are recognized over time using the time-elapsed method as we determined that the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of investment advisory services as they are provided. Account advisory fees may be paid in advance of a specified service period or in arrears at the end of the specified service period (e.g., quarterly). Account advisory fees paid in advance are initially deferred within Accrued expenses and other liabilities in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Distribution fees are variable and recognized when the uncertainties with respect to the amounts are resolved.
Investment Banking. We provide our clients with a full range of financial advisory and underwriting services. Revenues from financial advisory services primarily consist of fees generated in connection with merger, acquisition and restructuring transactions. Advisory fees from mergers and acquisitions engagements are recognized at a point in time when the related transaction is completed, as the performance obligation is to successfully broker a specific transaction. Fees received prior to the completion of the transaction are deferred within Accrued expenses and other liabilities in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Advisory fees from restructuring engagements are recognized over time using a time elapsed measure of progress as our clients simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of those services as they are provided. A significant portion of the fees we receive for our advisory services are considered variable as they are contingent upon a future event (e.g., completion of a transaction or third-party emergence from bankruptcy) and are excluded from the transaction price until the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved, which is expected to occur upon achievement of the specified milestone. Payment for advisory services are generally due promptly upon completion of a specified milestone or, for retainer fees, periodically over the course of the engagement. We recognize a receivable between the date of completion of the milestone and payment by the customer. Expenses associated with investment banking advisory engagements are deferred only to the extent they are explicitly reimbursable by the client and the related revenue is recognized at a point in time. All other investment banking advisory related expenses, including expenses incurred related to restructuring assignments, are expensed as incurred. All investment banking advisory expenses are recognized within their respective expense category in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings and any expenses reimbursed by our clients are recognized as Investment banking revenues.
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Underwriting services include underwriting and placement agent services in both the equity and debt capital markets, including private equity placements, initial public offerings, follow-on offerings and equity-linked convertible securities transactions and structuring, underwriting and distributing public and private debt, including investment grade debt, high yield bonds, leveraged loans, municipal bonds and mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities. Underwriting and placement agent revenues are recognized at a point in time on trade-date, as the client obtains the control and benefit of the underwriting offering at that point. Costs associated with underwriting transactions are deferred until the related revenue is recognized or the engagement is otherwise concluded, and are recorded on a gross basis within Underwriting costs in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings as we are acting as a principal in the arrangement. Any expenses reimbursed by our clients are recognized as Investment banking revenues.
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Asset Management Fees. We earn management and performance fees in connection with investment advisory services provided to various funds and accounts, which are satisfied over time and measured using a time elapsed measure of progress as the customer receives the benefits of the services evenly throughout the term of the contract. Management and performance fees are considered variable as they are subject to fluctuation (e.g., changes in assets under management, market performance) and/ or are contingent on a future event during the measurement period (e.g., meeting a specified benchmark) and are recognized only to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty is resolved. Management fees are generally based on month-end assets under management or an agreed upon notional amount and are included in the transaction price at the end of each month when the assets under management or notional amount is known. Performance fees are received when the return on assets under management for a specified performance period exceed certain benchmark returns, “high-water marks” or other performance targets. The performance period related to our performance fees is annual or semi-annual. Accordingly, performance fee revenue will generally be recognized only at the end of the performance period to the extent that the benchmark return has been met.
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following presents our revenues from contracts with customers disaggregated by major business activity and primary geographic regions (in thousands):
Three Months Ended May 31,Six Months Ended May 31,Three Months Ended February 28,
202120202021202020222021
Reportable SegmentReportable SegmentReportable SegmentReportable SegmentReportable SegmentReportable Segment
Investment
Banking
and Capital
Markets
Asset ManagementTotalInvestment
Banking
and Capital
Markets
Asset ManagementTotalInvestment
Banking
and Capital
Markets
Asset ManagementTotalInvestment
Banking
and Capital
Markets
Asset ManagementTotalInvestment
Banking
and Capital
Markets
Asset ManagementTotalInvestment
Banking
and Capital
Markets
Asset ManagementTotal
Major business activity:Major business activity:Major business activity:
Investment banking - AdvisoryInvestment banking - Advisory$390,508 $$390,508 $182,081 $$182,081 $701,947 $$701,947 $525,239 $$525,239 Investment banking - Advisory$543,769 $— $543,769 $311,439 $— $311,439 
Investment banking - UnderwritingInvestment banking - Underwriting610,192 610,192 205,410 205,410 1,302,415 1,302,415 454,254 454,254 Investment banking - Underwriting401,279 — 401,279 692,223 — 692,223 
Equities (1)Equities (1)219,855 219,855 236,683 236,683 453,394 453,394 412,932 412,932 Equities (1)226,068 — 226,068 233,539 — 233,539 
Fixed income (1)Fixed income (1)2,788 2,788 6,584 6,584 6,187 6,187 9,870 9,870 Fixed income (1)3,385 — 3,385 3,399 — 3,399 
Asset managementAsset management2,315 2,315 2,237 2,237 9,228 9,228 6,641 6,641 Asset management— 12,569 12,569 — 6,913 6,913 
TotalTotal$1,223,343 $2,315 $1,225,658 $630,758 $2,237 $632,995 $2,463,943 $9,228 $2,473,171 $1,402,295 $6,641 $1,408,936 Total$1,174,501 $12,569 $1,187,070 $1,240,600 $6,913 $1,247,513 
Primary geographic region:Primary geographic region:Primary geographic region:
AmericasAmericas$962,556 $2,011 $964,567 $524,627 $566 $525,193 $1,989,472 $8,595 $1,998,067 $1,173,696 $1,546 $1,175,242 Americas$937,070 $12,569 $949,639 $1,026,916 $6,584 $1,033,500 
EuropeEurope196,891 304 197,195 68,082 1,671 69,753 360,628 633 361,261 147,520 5,095 152,615 Europe166,172 — 166,172 163,737 329 164,066 
Asia PacificAsia Pacific63,896 63,896 38,049 38,049 113,843 113,843 81,079 81,079 Asia Pacific71,259 — 71,259 49,947 — 49,947 
TotalTotal$1,223,343 $2,315 $1,225,658 $630,758 $2,237 $632,995 $2,463,943 $9,228 $2,473,171 $1,402,295 $6,641 $1,408,936 Total$1,174,501 $12,569 $1,187,070 $1,240,600 $6,913 $1,247,513 
(1)Revenues from contracts with customers associated with the equities and fixed income businesses primarily represent commissions and other fee revenue.
Refer to Note 18,17, Segment Reporting, for a further discussion on the allocation of revenues to geographic regions.
Information on Remaining Performance Obligations and Revenue Recognized from Past Performance
We do not disclose information about remaining performance obligations pertaining to contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less. The transaction price allocated to remaining unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations with an original expected duration exceeding one year was not material at May 31, 2021.February 28, 2022. Investment banking advisory fees that are contingent upon completion of a specific milestone and fees associated with certain distribution services are also excluded as the fees are considered variable and not included in the transaction price at May 31, 2021.
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February 28, 2022.
During the three and six months ended May 31,February 28, 2022 and 2021, we recognized $20.9$35.0 million and $41.4$33.6 million, respectively, compared with $7.4 million and $10.5 million, during the three and six months ended May 31, 2020, respectively, of revenue related to performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods, mainly due to resolving uncertainties in variable consideration that was constrained in prior periods. In addition, we recognized $5.6 million, and $8.5 million, during the three and six months ended May 31,February 28, 2022 and 2021, respectively, compared with $4.5we recognized $3.5 million, and $10.1$2.9 million, during the three and six months ended May 31, 2020, respectively, of revenues primarily associated with distribution services, a portion of which relates to prior periods.
Contract Balances
The timing of our revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment by our customers. We record a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to payment and we have an unconditional right to payment. Alternatively, when payment precedes the provision of the related services, we record deferred revenue until the performance obligations are satisfied.
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Our deferred revenue primarily relates to retainer and milestone fees received in investment banking advisory engagements where the performance obligation has not yet been satisfied. Deferred revenues at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 20202021 were $12.2$4.0 million and $10.0$14.9 million, respectively, which are recorded in Accrued expenses and other liabilities in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. During the three and six months ended May 31,February 28, 2022 and 2021, we recognized revenues of $3.1$11.4 million and $5.0$3.4 million, respectively, compared with $3.2 million and $4.9 million, during the three and six months ended May 31, 2020, respectively, that were recorded as deferred revenue at the beginning of the periods.
We had receivables related to revenues from contracts with customers of $258.1$203.8 million and $278.5$232.6 million at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, respectively. We estimate an allowance for credit losses on our investment banking fee receivables using a provisioning matrix based on the shared risk characteristics and historical loss experience for such receivables. In some instances, we may adjust the allowance calculated based on the provision matrix to incorporate a specific allowance based on the unique credit risk profile of a receivable. The provisioning matrix is periodically updated to reflect changes in the underlying portfolio's credit characteristics and most recent historical loss data.
The allowance for credit losses on our investment banking fee receivables for the three and six months ended May 31,February 28, 2022 and 2021 and 2020 is as follows:follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
202120202021202020222021
Beginning balanceBeginning balance$14,011 $7,649 $19,788 $6,817 Beginning balance$4,824 $19,788 
Adjustment for change in accounting principle for current expected credit lossesAdjustment for change in accounting principle for current expected credit losses(3,594)Adjustment for change in accounting principle for current expected credit losses— (3,594)
Bad debt expense, net of reversalsBad debt expense, net of reversals396 3,074 1,022 4,414 Bad debt expense, net of reversals340 626 
Charge-offsCharge-offs(47)(1,514)(472)(1,721)Charge-offs(50)(425)
Recoveries collectedRecoveries collected(1,704)(395)(4,088)(696)Recoveries collected(605)(2,384)
Ending balance (1)Ending balance (1)$12,656 $8,814 $12,656 $8,814 Ending balance (1)$4,509 $14,011 
(1)The allowance for doubtful accounts balances are substantially all related to mergers and acquisitions and restructuring fee receivables, which include recoverable expense receivables.
Contract Costs
We capitalize costs to fulfill contracts associated with investment banking advisory engagements where the revenue is recognized at a point in time and the costs are determined to be recoverable. Capitalized costs to fulfill a contract are recognized at the point in time that the related revenue is recognized.
At May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, capitalized costs to fulfill a contract were $1.2$1.1 million and $1.8$1.6 million, respectively, which are recorded in Receivables–Receivables—Fees, interest and other in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. For the three and six months ended May 31,February 28, 2022 and 2021, we recognized expenses of $0.8$1.0 million and $1.8$1.2 million, respectively, compared with $1.8 million and $3.7 million for the three and six months ended May 31, 2020, respectively, related to costs to fulfill a contract that were capitalized as of the beginning of the period. There were no significant impairment charges recognized in relation to these capitalized costs during the three and six months ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and 2020.2021.

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Note 14.13. Compensation Plans
Jefferies sponsors our following share-based compensation plans: the IncentiveEquity Compensation Plan, the Employee Stock Purchase Plan and the Deferred Compensation Plan. The outstanding and future share-based awards relating to these plans relate to Jefferies common shares. The fair value of share-based awards is estimated on the date of grant based on the market price of the underlying common stock less the impact of market conditions and selling restrictions subsequent to vesting, if any, and is amortized as compensation expense over the related requisite service periods. We are allocated costs associated with awards granted to our employees under such plans.
During the six months ended May 31, 2021, Jefferies also granted to certain of our senior executives nonqualified stock options pursuant to the Incentive Compensation Plan that had been granted to these executives during the three months ended February 28, 2021 and were converted to nonqualified stock awards at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
In addition, we sponsor non-share-based compensation plans. Non-share-based compensation plans sponsored by us include a profit sharing plan and other forms of restricted cash awards.
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The components of total compensation cost associated with certain of our compensation plans are as follows (in millions):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
202120202021202020222021
Components of compensation cost:Components of compensation cost:Components of compensation cost:
Restricted cash awards (1)Restricted cash awards (1)$52.9 $78.7 $102.0 $156.0 Restricted cash awards (1)$32.1 $49.1 
Stock options and Stock appreciation rightsStock options and Stock appreciation rights1.9 41.3 Stock options and Stock appreciation rights— 39.4 
Restricted stock and RSUs (2)(1)Restricted stock and RSUs (2)(1)4.4 6.0 8.6 12.5 Restricted stock and RSUs (2)(1)7.1 4.2 
Profit sharing planProfit sharing plan1.3 1.3 5.3 5.4 Profit sharing plan5.3 4.0 
Total compensation costTotal compensation cost$60.5 $86.0 $157.2 $173.9 Total compensation cost$44.5 $96.7 
(1)The decrease is primarily a result of the accelerated amortization recognized in the year ended November 30, 2020 of certain cash-based awards that had been granted during previous years, which were amended to remove any service requirements for vesting in the awards.
(2)Total compensation cost associated with restricted stock and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) includes the amortization of sign-on, retention and senior executive awards, less forfeitures and clawbacks.
Remaining unamortized amounts related to certain compensation plans at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 are as follows (dollars in millions):
Remaining Unamortized AmountsWeighted Average
 Vesting Period
(in Years)
Remaining Unamortized AmountsWeighted Average
 Vesting Period
(in Years)
Non-vested share-based awardsNon-vested share-based awards$27.9 2Non-vested share-based awards$96.9 4
Restricted cash awards (1)Restricted cash awards (1)401.5 3Restricted cash awards (1)298.1 3
TotalTotal$429.4 Total$395.0 
(1)The remaining unamortized amount is included within Other assets in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition.
For detailed descriptions on the Company’s compensation plans, see Note 16, Compensation Plans, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2020.2021.

Note 15.14. Income Taxes
In the first quarter of fiscal 2022, we changed our accounting policy election as it relates to where we record interest accrued on unrecognized tax benefits in order to align our accounting policy and income statement presentation with that of Jefferies. Beginning with the first quarter of fiscal 2022, we record interest on unrecognized tax benefits as a component of the provision for income taxes and reported financial information for historical comparable periods has not been revised. Prior to the first quarter of fiscal 2022, interest on unrecognized tax benefits was recorded in Interest expense in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. In addition, penalties, if any, are recognized in the provision for income taxes. This change did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and has no impact on Net earnings in our historical periods.
At May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020, we had $200.5 million and $168.6 million, respectively, of2021, our total gross unrecognized tax benefits.benefits were $287.1 million and $198.9 million, respectively. The increase is primarily attributable to the inclusion of $77.5 million of accrued interest at February 28, 2022 related to the change in accounting policy discussed above. At February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, we had interest accrued of approximately $77.5 million and $74.3 million, respectively, included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The total amount of unrecognized benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective tax rate was $159.1$227.2 million and $133.9$157.8 million (net of Federal benefit) at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, respectively.
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We recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in Interest expense. Penalties, if any, are recognized in Other expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. At May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, we had interest accrued of approximately $71.7 million and $65.4 million, respectively, included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities. NaN material penalties were accrued for the six months ended May 31, 2021 and the year ended November 30, 2020.
We are currently under examination by a number of taxing jurisdictions. Though we do not expect that resolution of these examinations will have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, they may have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations for the period in which resolution occurs.
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The table below summarizes the earliest tax years that remain subject to examination in the major tax jurisdictions in which we operate:
JurisdictionTax Year
United States2017
New Jersey20102018
New York State2001
New York City2006
United Kingdom2019
Germany2017
Italy20122020
Hong Kong2015
IndiaGermany20102017
For the sixthree months ended May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, the provision for income taxes was $288.2$95.8 million, equating to an effective tax rate of 26.2%21.9%. For the sixthree months ended May 31, 2020,February 28, 2021, the provision for income taxes was $108.0$177.3 million, equating to an effective tax rate of 26.5%26.4%.

Note 16.15. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees
Commitments
The following table summarizes our commitments at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 (in millions):
Expected Maturity Date (fiscal years)Expected Maturity Date (fiscal years)
202120222023 
and 
2024
2025 
and 
2026
2027 
and 
Later
Maximum Payout202220232024 
and 
2025
2026 
and 
2027
2028 
and 
Later
Maximum Payout
Equity commitments (1)Equity commitments (1)$8.9 $74.5 $$$33.7 $117.1 Equity commitments (1)$84.9 $27.2 $2.7 $4.1 $35.2 $154.1 
Loan commitments (1)Loan commitments (1)260.0 34.0 61.0 355.0 Loan commitments (1)— 275.3 — 60.0 — 335.3 
Underwriting commitmentsUnderwriting commitments231.8 231.8 Underwriting commitments116.9 — — — — 116.9 
Forward starting reverse repos (2)Forward starting reverse repos (2)6,715.3 6,715.3 Forward starting reverse repos (2)9,616.7 — — — — 9,616.7 
Forward starting repos (2)Forward starting repos (2)5,212.3 5,212.3 Forward starting repos (2)6,215.0 — — — — 6,215.0 
Other unfunded commitments (1)Other unfunded commitments (1)155.6 63.2 336.4 555.2 Other unfunded commitments (1)25.0 477.0 5.4 — — 507.4 
Total commitmentsTotal commitments$12,323.9 $397.7 $370.4 $61.0 $33.7 $13,186.7 Total commitments$16,058.5 $779.5 $8.1 $64.1 $35.2 $16,945.4 
(1)Equity, loan and other unfunded commitments are presented by contractual maturity date. The amounts, however, are available on demand.
(2)At May 31, 2021, $6,714.8 millionFebruary 28, 2022, $9.58 billion within forward starting securities purchased under agreements to resell and all of the forward starting securities sold under agreements to repurchase settled within three business days.
Equity Commitments. Includes a commitment to invest in our joint venture, Jefferies Finance, and commitments to invest in private equity funds and in Jefferies Capital Partners, LLC, the manager of the private equity funds, which consists of a team led by one of our directors and Chairman of the Executive Committee. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, our outstanding commitments relating to Jefferies Capital Partners, LLC and its private equity funds were $10.8$10.7 million.
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See Note 9,8, Investments, for additional information regarding our investments in Jefferies Finance.
Additionally, at May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, we had other outstanding equity commitments to invest up to $33.1$71.8 million toin the Oak Hill entities and $56.2 million in various other investments.
Loan Commitments. From time to time we make commitments to extend credit to investment banking and other clients in loan syndication and acquisition finance, and to strategic affiliates. These commitments and any related drawdowns of these facilities typically have fixed maturity dates and are contingent on certain representations, warranties and contractual conditions applicable to the borrower. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, we had $104.0$85.3 million of outstanding loan commitments to clients and $1.0 million to strategic affiliates.clients.
Loan commitments outstanding at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 also include our portion of the outstanding secured revolving credit facility provided to Jefferies Finance, to support loan underwritings by Jefferies Finance. See Note 9,8, Investments, for additional information.
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Underwriting Commitments. In connection with investment banking activities, we may from time to time provide underwriting commitments to our clients in connection with capital raising transactions.
Forward Starting Reverse Repos and Repos. We enter into commitments to take possession of securities with agreements to resell on a forward starting basis and to sell securities with agreements to repurchase on a forward starting basis that are primarily secured by U.S. government and agency securities.
Other Unfunded Commitments. Other unfunded commitments include obligations in the form of revolving notes, warehouse financings and debt securities to provide financing to asset-backed and CLO vehicles. Upon advancing funds, drawn amounts are collateralized by the assets of an entity.
Guarantees
Derivative Contracts. As a dealer, we make markets and trade in a variety of derivative instruments. Certain derivative contracts that we have entered into meet the accounting definition of a guarantee under U.S. GAAP, including credit default swaps, written foreign currency options and written equity put options. On certain of these contracts, such as written interest rate caps and foreign currency options, the maximum payout cannot be quantified since the increase in interest or foreign exchange rates are not contractually limited by the terms of the contract. As such, we have disclosed notional values as a measure of our maximum potential payout under these contracts.
The following table summarizes the notional amounts associated with our derivative contracts meeting the definition of a guarantee under U.S. GAAP at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 (in millions):
Expected Maturity Date (Fiscal Years)Expected Maturity Date (Fiscal Years)
202120222023 
and 
2024
2025 
and 
2026
2027 
and 
Later
Notional/ Maximum Payout202220232024 
and 
2025
2026 
and 
2027
2028 
and 
Later
Notional/ Maximum Payout
Guarantee Type:Guarantee Type:Guarantee Type:
Derivative contracts—non-credit relatedDerivative contracts—non-credit related$10,052.6 $5,851.3 $9,272.7 $398.3 $12.2 $25,587.1 Derivative contracts—non-credit related$13,370.4 $8,083.3 $6,874.9 $1,621.7 $— $29,950.3 
Written derivative contracts—credit relatedWritten derivative contracts—credit related6.4 81.8 88.2 Written derivative contracts—credit related— — 0.2 — — 0.2 
Total derivative contractsTotal derivative contracts$10,052.6 $5,851.3 $9,279.1 $480.1 $12.2 $25,675.3 Total derivative contracts$13,370.4 $8,083.3 $6,875.1 $1,621.7 $— $29,950.5 
The derivative contracts deemed to meet the definition of a guarantee under U.S. GAAP are before consideration of hedging transactions and only reflect a partial or “one-sided” component of any risk exposure. Written equity options and written credit default swaps are often executed in a strategy that is in tandem with long cash instruments (e.g., equity and debt securities). We substantially mitigate our exposure to market risk on these contracts through hedges, such as other derivative contracts and/or cash instruments, and we manage the risk associated with these contracts in the context of our overall risk management framework. We believe notional amounts overstate our expected payout and that fair value of these contracts is a more relevant measure of our obligations. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, the fair value of derivative contracts meeting the definition of a guarantee is approximately $173.7$398.1 million.
Standby Letters of Credit. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, we provided guarantees to certain counterparties in the form of standby letters of credit in the amount of $7.0$6.1 million, allwith a weighted average maturity of which expire withinapproximately one year. Standby letters of credit commit us to make payment to the beneficiary if the guaranteed party fails to fulfill its obligation under a contractual arrangement with that beneficiary. Since commitments associated with these collateral instruments may expire unused, the amount shown does not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirement.
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Other Guarantees. We are members of various exchanges and clearing houses. In the normal course of business, we provide guarantees to securities clearing houses and exchanges. These guarantees generally are required under the standard membership agreements, such that members are required to guarantee the performance of other members. Additionally, if a member becomes unable to satisfy its obligations to the clearing house, other members would be required to meet these shortfalls. To mitigate these performance risks, the exchanges and clearing houses often require members to post collateral. Our obligations under such guarantees could exceed the collateral amounts posted. Our maximum potential liability under these arrangements cannot be quantified; however, the potential for us to be required to make payments under such guarantees is deemed remote. Accordingly, no liability has been recognized for these arrangements. Additionally, we provide certain indemnifications in connection with third-party clearing and execution arrangements whereby a third-party may clear and settle transactions on behalf of our clients. These indemnifications generally have standard contractual terms and are entered into in the ordinary course of business. Our obligations in respect of such transactions are secured by the assets in our client’s account, as well as any proceeds received from the transactions cleared and settled on behalf of our client. However, we believe that it is unlikely we would have to make any material payments under these arrangements and no material liabilities related to these indemnifications have been recognized.

Note 17.16. Net Capital Requirements
As a broker-dealer registered with the SEC and a member firm of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), Jefferies LLC is subject to the SEC Uniform Net Capital Rule (“Rule 15c3-1”), which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital, and has elected to calculate minimum capital requirements using the alternative method permitted by Rule 15c3-1 in calculating net capital. Jefferies LLC, as a dually-registered U.S. broker-dealer and futures commission merchant (“FCM”), is also subject to Rule 1.17 of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), which sets forth minimum financial requirements. The minimum net capital requirement in determining excess net capital for a dually-registered U.S. broker-dealer and FCM is equal to the greater of the requirement under Rule 15c3-1 or CFTC Rule 1.17.
At May 31, 2021, Jefferies LLC’s net capital and excess net capital were as follows (in thousands):
Net CapitalExcess Net Capital
Jefferies LLC$1,518,186 $1,394,465 
FINRA is the designated examining authority for Jefferies LLC and the National Futures Association (“NFA”) is the designated self-regulatory organization for Jefferies LLC as an FCM.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) contains provisions that require the registration of all swap dealers, major swap participants, security-based swap dealers, and/or major security-based swap participants. Jefferies Financial Services, Inc. (“JFSI”), a registered swap dealer, is subject to the CFTC’s regulatory capital requirements and holds regulatory capital in excess of the minimum regulatory requirement. Additionally, JFSI is registered as a security-based swap dealer with the SEC and is subject to the SEC’s security-based swap dealer regulatory rules. Further, JFSI is approved by the SEC as an OTC derivatives dealer, and is subject to compliance with the SEC’s net capital requirements. As a security-based swap dealer and swap dealer, JFSI is subject to the net capital requirements of the SEC, CFTC and the NFA, as a member of the NFA. JFSI is required to maintain minimum net capital, as defined under SEC Rule 18a-1 of not less than the greater of 2% of the risk margin amount, as defined, or $20 million.
At February 28, 2022, Jefferies LLC and JFSI’s net capital and excess net capital were as follows (in thousands):
Net CapitalExcess Net Capital
Jefferies LLC$1,788,293 $1,679,136 
JFSI427,645 407,645 
Certain other U.S. and non-U.S. subsidiaries are subject to capital adequacy requirements as prescribed by the regulatory authorities in their respective jurisdictions, including Jefferies International Limited which is authorizedsubject to the regulatory supervision and regulated byrequirements of the Financial Conduct Authority in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”).
The regulatory capital requirements referred to above may restrict our ability to withdraw capital from our regulated subsidiaries.

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Note 18.17. Segment Reporting
We operate in 2 reportable business segments: (1) Investment Banking and Capital Markets and (2) Asset Management. The Investment Banking and Capital Markets reportable business segment includes our securities, commodities, futures and foreign exchange capital markets activities and investment banking business, which is composed of financial advisory and underwriting activities. The Investment Banking and Capital Markets reportable business segment provides the sales, trading, origination and advisory effort for various fixed income, equity and advisory products and services. The Asset Management reportable business segment provides investment management services to investors in the U.S. and overseas and invests capital in hedge funds, separately managed accounts and third-party asset managers.
On December 1, 2021, we have expanded the activities of our Asset Management reportable business segment to include alternative investment strategies. Previously reported results are presented on a comparable basis.
Our reportable business segment information is prepared using the following methodologies:
Net revenues and non-interest expenses directly associated with each reportable business segment are included in determining earnings (loss) before income taxes.
Net revenues and non-interest expenses not directly associated with specific reportable business segments are allocated based on the most relevant measures applicable, including each reportable business segment’s net revenues, headcount and other factors.
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Reportable business segment assets include an allocation of indirect corporate assets that have been fully allocated to our reportable business segments, generally based on each reportable business segment’s capital utilization.
Our net revenues, non-interest expenses and earnings (loss) before income taxes by reportable business segment are summarized below (in millions):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
202120202021202020222021
Investment Banking and Capital Markets:Investment Banking and Capital Markets:Investment Banking and Capital Markets:
Net revenuesNet revenues$1,572.9 $1,028.9 $3,532.4 $2,177.7 Net revenues$1,481.8 $1,958.8 
Non-interest expensesNon-interest expenses1,146.4 814.3 2,562.6 1,713.3 Non-interest expenses1,060.9 1,416.2 
Earnings before income taxesEarnings before income taxes$426.5 $214.6 $969.8 $464.4 Earnings before income taxes$420.9 $542.6 
Asset Management:Asset Management:Asset Management:
Net revenuesNet revenues$44.5 $5.5 $214.4 $27.4 Net revenues$60.0 $170.6 
Non-interest expensesNon-interest expenses41.7 47.2 83.7 83.6 Non-interest expenses44.0 42.0 
Earnings (loss) before income taxes$2.8 $(41.7)$130.7 $(56.2)
Earnings before income taxesEarnings before income taxes$16.0 $128.6 
Total:Total:Total:
Net revenuesNet revenues$1,617.4 $1,034.4 $3,746.8 $2,205.1 Net revenues$1,541.8 $2,129.4 
Non-interest expensesNon-interest expenses1,188.1 861.5 2,646.3 1,796.9 Non-interest expenses1,104.9 1,458.2 
Earnings before income taxesEarnings before income taxes$429.3 $172.9 $1,100.5 $408.2 Earnings before income taxes$436.9 $671.2 
The following table summarizes our total assets by reportable business segment (in millions):
May 31, 2021November 30, 2020February 28, 2022November 30, 2021
Investment Banking and Capital MarketsInvestment Banking and Capital Markets$49,436.3 $44,488.1 Investment Banking and Capital Markets$52,729.5 $51,697.4 
Asset ManagementAsset Management2,734.8 3,263.9 Asset Management3,169.9 3,071.5 
Total assetsTotal assets$52,171.1 $47,752.0 Total assets$55,899.4 $54,768.9 
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Net Revenues by Geographic Region
Net revenues for the Investment Banking and Capital Markets reportable business segment are recorded in the geographic region in which the position was risk-managed or, in the case of investment banking, in which the senior coverage banker is located. For the Asset Management reportable business segment, net revenues are allocated according to the location of the investment advisor. Net revenues by geographic region were as follows (in millions):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
202120202021202020222021
Americas (1)Americas (1)$1,255.3 $754.3 $3,005.9 $1,704.4 Americas (1)$1,211.1 $1,750.6 
Europe (2)Europe (2)289.4 189.6 588.2 348.9 Europe (2)255.0 298.8 
Asia PacificAsia Pacific72.7 90.5 152.7 151.8 Asia Pacific75.7 80.0 
Net revenuesNet revenues$1,617.4 $1,034.4 $3,746.8 $2,205.1 Net revenues$1,541.8 $2,129.4 
(1)Substantially all relates to U.S. results.
(2)Substantially all relates to U.K. and Germany results.

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Note 19.18. Related Party Transactions
Officers, Directors and Employees. The following sets forth information regarding related party transactions with our officers, directors and employees:
At May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, we had $26.4$20.9 million and $28.9$23.1 million, respectively, of loans outstanding to certain of our officers and employees (none of whom are executive officers or directors) that are included in Other assets in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Receivables from and payables to customers include balances arising from officers’, directors’ and employees’ individual security transactions. These transactions are subject to the same regulations as all customer transactions and are provided on substantially the same terms.
One of our directors had an investment in a hedge fund managed by us of approximately $0.8 million at November 30, 2020. This investment was fully redeemed in February 2021.
See Note 8,7, Variable Interest Entities, and Note 16,15, Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees, for further information regarding related party transactions with our officers, directors and employees.
Jefferies. The following is a description of our related party transactions with Jefferies and its affiliates:
We provide services to and receive services from Jefferies under service agreements (in millions):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
202120202021202020222021
Charges to Jefferies for services providedCharges to Jefferies for services provided$8.3 $10.1 $23.9 $20.5 Charges to Jefferies for services provided$7.2 $15.6 
Charges from Jefferies for services receivedCharges from Jefferies for services received8.5 7.5 18.4 15.4 Charges from Jefferies for services received5.1 9.9 
We also provide investment banking and capital markets and asset management services to Jefferies and its affiliates. The following table presents the revenues earned by type of services provided (in millions):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
202120202021202020222021
Investment bankingInvestment banking$10.5 $$24.1 $Investment banking$— $13.6 
Commissions and other feesCommissions and other fees0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 Commissions and other fees0.3 0.3 
Receivables from and payables to Jefferies, included in Other assets and Accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (in millions):
May 31, 2021November 30, 2020February 28, 2022November 30, 2021
Receivable from JefferiesReceivable from Jefferies$0.7 $1.3 Receivable from Jefferies$111.1 $0.3 
Payable to JefferiesPayable to Jefferies3.7 7.1 Payable to Jefferies1.4 10.9 
During the sixthree months ended May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, we paid distributions of $554.2$193.0 million to Jefferies. In addition, duringJefferies, based on our results for the sixthree months ended May 31, 2021, we received a contribution of $153.6 million from Jefferies.November 30, 2021. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, we have accrued a distribution payable of $159.4$170.7 million, included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities, in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, based on our results for the three months ended May 31, 2021.February 28, 2022.
Pursuant to a tax sharing agreement entered into between us and Jefferies, payments are made between us and Jefferies to settle current tax receivables and payables. At May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, we had net current tax payables toreceivables from Jefferies of $75.0$54.0 million and $111.1$130.6 million, respectively, included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities,Other assets, in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. In six months ended May 31, 2021, we made payments totaling $275.0 million to Jefferies, which reduced the cumulative net current tax payable.
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We purchase securities from and sell securities to Jefferies, at fair value (in millions). There were 0no gains or losses on these transactions.
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
2021202020212020
Securities purchased from Jefferies$8.0 $13.9 $17.1 $39.9 
Securities sold to Jefferies0.5 
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
2021
Securities purchased from Jefferies$9.1 
Securities sold to Jefferies0.5 
At May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, we have customer account payablesa payable to entitiesan entity of Jefferies totaling $0.4$1.0 million and $2.2$0.5 million, respectively, included in Payables—customers, in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
In connection with foreign exchange contracts entered into under a prime brokerage agreement with an affiliate of Jefferies, we have $0.6 million and $2.7$0.7 million at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, respectively, included in Payables—brokers, dealers and clearing organizations, in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
We enter into OTC foreign exchange contracts with a subsidiary of Jefferies. In connection with these contracts, we had $0.1 million recorded in Financial instruments owned, at fair value, in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at November 30, 2020. Net gains (losses) relating to these contracts, which are included in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings, are as follows (in millions):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
2021202020212020
Net gains on foreign exchange contracts$$1.6 $0.1 $1.0 
We had investments in a hedge fund managed by Jefferies of $239.0 million at November 30, 2020, included in Financial instruments owned, at fair value, in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition. In January 2021, Jefferies transferred one of its asset management divisions, the investment manager of this fund, to us, in return for a payment of $2.2 million. Net gains on our investments in this hedge fund for the three and six months ended May 31, 2020, were $2.5 million and $6.3 million, respectively, which were included in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statement of Earnings.
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
2021
Net gains on foreign exchange contracts$0.1 
In connection with our capital markets activities, from time to time we make a market in long-term debt securities of Jefferies (i.e., we buy and sell debt securities issued by Jefferies). At February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, approximately $2.6$3.3 million and $2.3 million, respectively, of debt issued by Jefferies is included in Financial instruments owned, at fair value, in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
ForWe have entered into an investment management agreement whereby Monashee provides asset management services to us for certain separately managed accounts. Our net investment balance in the separately managed accounts was $8.0 million and $13.6 million at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, for which we recognized a loss of $2.1 million and a gain of $2.4 million for the three and six months ended May 31,February 28, 2022 and 2021, werespectively, which are recorded in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statement of Earnings. We also recorded management fees related to our asset management business of $(0.2)$0.2 million and $0.3$0.5 million for the three months ended February 28, 2022 and 2021, respectively, which are included in Floor brokerage and clearing fees in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
We owned limited partnership interests in certain Oak Hill managed funds of $4.1 million at February 28, 2022, which are measured at the NAV of the funds and included within Investments at fair value in Financial instruments owned, at fair value, in our Consolidated Statement of Earnings, relating to an investmentFinancial Condition. Changes in a separately managed account, which is managed by a strategic affiliate.the fair value of the investments in the funds are reported within Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statement of Earnings.
We have entered into a sublease agreement with an affiliate of Jefferies for office space. Payments received from this affiliate for rent and other expenses are as follows (in millions):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
2021202020212020
Payments received$0.2 $0.2 $0.4 $0.4 
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
20222021
Payments received$0.2 $0.2 
For information on transactions with our equity method investees, see Note 9,8, Investments.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
This report contains or incorporates by reference “forward looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward looking statements include statements about our future and statements that are not historical facts. These forward looking statements are usually preceded by the words “believe,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” or similar expressions. Forward looking statements may contain expectations regarding revenues, earnings, operations and other results, and may include statements of future performance, plans and objectives. Forward looking statements also include statements pertaining to our strategies for future development of our business and products. Forward looking statements represent only our belief regarding future events, many of which by their nature are inherently uncertain. It is possible that the actual results may differ, possibly materially, from the anticipated results indicated in these forward-looking statements. Information regarding important factors that could cause actual results to differ, perhaps materially, from those in our forward looking statements is contained in this report and other documents we file. You should read and interpret any forward looking statement together with these documents, including the following:
the description of our business and risk factors contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 20202021 and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on January 29, 2021;28, 2022;
the discussion of our analysis of financial condition and results of operations contained in this report under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” herein;
the discussion of our risk management policies, procedures and methodologies contained in this report under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Risk Management” herein;
the notes to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report; and
cautionary statements we make in our public documents, reports and announcements.
Any forward looking statement speaks only as of the date on which that statement is made. We will not update any forward looking statement to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date on which the statement is made, except as required by applicable law.
Our business, by its nature, does not produce predictable or necessarily recurring earnings. Our results in any given period can be materially affected by conditions in global financial markets, economic conditions generally and our own activities and positions. For a further discussion of the factors that may affect our future operating results, see “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2020.2021.

Consolidated Results of Operations
Transfers from Jefferies Financial Group Inc.
On December 1, 2021, Jefferies Financial Group Inc. (“Jefferies”), our parent company, transferred certain loans and certain investments in securities and limited partnerships to us. In addition, Jefferies transferred its investment in Foursight Capital LLC (“Foursight”), a subsidiary of Jefferies, to us. These transfers were accomplished as a capital contribution from Jefferies, and since we are under common control, these loans and investments and the assets and liabilities of Foursight were recorded at their carrying amounts on December 1, 2021. As a result of these transfers, our total assets increased by $1.27 billion, total liabilities increased by $800.4 million and total equity increased by $476.5 million in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition. See Note 1, Organization and Basis of Presentation for further details.
The transferred securities and limited partnership interests are subsequently accounted for in accordance with our existing accounting policies for Financial instruments owned and Loans to and investments in related parties. Certain transferred loans have been classified within Other assets in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition and are accounted for at amortized cost as the transfer did not qualify as an event upon which the fair value option for these loans could be elected. Principal transactions revenues related to the change in fair value of the investments classified in Financial instruments owned, at fair value, Other revenue related to our share of the investees’ earnings for investments classified in Loans to and investments in related parties and interest income on transferred loans are included within our results of operations as of the period beginning December 1, 2021 and, accordingly, for the three months ended February 28, 2022.
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From December 1, 2021, Foursight is consolidated by us. Foursight is engaged primarily in automobile lending. The net assets of Foursight consist primarily of automobile loans classified within Receivables—Fees, interest and other and are accounted for at amortized cost, with a provision for current expected credit losses, and Other secured financings in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition. The results of operations of Foursight, which consist primarily of Interest income, Other revenues related to servicing activities and operating expenses are included within our results of operations as of the period beginning December 1, 2021 and, accordingly, for the three months ended February 28, 2022.
Overview
The following table provides an overview of our consolidated results of operations (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
% ChangeSix Months Ended 
May 31,
% ChangeThree Months Ended 
February 28,
% Change
202120202021202020222021
Net revenuesNet revenues$1,617,418 $1,034,367 56.4 %$3,746,784 $2,205,063 69.9 %Net revenues$1,541,774 $2,129,366 (27.6)%
Non-interest expensesNon-interest expenses1,188,119 861,499 37.9 %2,646,315 1,796,817 47.3 %Non-interest expenses1,104,880 1,458,196 (24.2)%
Earnings before income taxesEarnings before income taxes429,299 172,868 148.3 %1,100,469 408,246 169.6 %Earnings before income taxes436,894 671,170 (34.9)%
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense110,846 43,972 152.1 %288,151 107,985 166.8 %Income tax expense95,751 177,305 (46.0)%
Net earningsNet earnings318,453 128,896 147.1 %812,318 300,261 170.5 %Net earnings341,143 493,865 (30.9)%
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests(363)(1,842)(80.3)%(566)(3,866)(85.4)%
Net losses attributable to noncontrolling interestsNet losses attributable to noncontrolling interests(267)(203)31.5 %
Net earnings attributable to Jefferies Group LLCNet earnings attributable to Jefferies Group LLC318,816 130,738 143.9 %812,884 304,127 167.3 %Net earnings attributable to Jefferies Group LLC341,410 494,068 (30.9)%
Effective tax rateEffective tax rate25.8 %25.4 %26.2 %26.5 %Effective tax rate21.9 %26.4 %


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Executive Summary
Three Months Ended May 31, 2021 - Record Investment Banking Revenues and a Strong Performance in Capital Markets Led to Our Second Highest Ever Quarterly Net Revenues and the Highest Ever for a Second QuarterFebruary 28, 2022
Consolidated Results
Net revenues for the three months ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 were $1.62$1.54 billion, up 56.4%down 27.6% compared with $1.03$2.13 billion for the three months ended May 31, 2020.February 28, 2021, reflecting solid results in investment banking and lower net revenues in equities, fixed income and asset management, as we returned to a more normal trading environment as compared to the prior year’s exceptional comparable quarter.
Earnings before income taxes of $429.3$436.9 million were up 148.3%down 34.9% over the prior year comparable quarter and further demonstrating the operating leverage inherent in our business model.quarter.
Net earnings attributable to Jefferies Group LLC of $318.8$341.4 million were up 143.9%down 30.9% over the prior year comparable quarter.
Business Results
Our secondinvestment banking net revenues were $1.00 billion for the three months ended February 28, 2022, compared with $1.06 billion in the prior year comparable quarter, results reflecton advisory revenues of $543.8 million, as mergers and acquisitions activity was strong, with an increase of 74.6% over the prior year comparable quarter. Underwriting revenues of $401.3 million were down $290.9 million over the prior year comparable quarter, which reflected record quarterly net revenues in investment banking, as well as solid results in equities, fixed income and asset management.equity underwriting for that prior period.
Our investment banking results reflect our increased market share, including record net revenues in investment banking advisory and debt underwriting, and solid performance in equity underwriting.
Our combined capital markets results reflected strong net revenues in equities and fixed income against a backdrop of reduced secondary trading activity and lower trading market volumes.
Business Results
Our record investment banking net revenues of $1.03 billion for the three months ended May 31, 2021 were an increase of 226.8% from the prior year comparable quarter, reflecting record advisory revenues of $390.5 million, as the mergers and acquisitions markets remained strong due to the record low interest rate environment and the surge in the stock market, and strong underwriting revenues of $610.2 million, up $404.8 million, or 197.1%, over the prior year comparable quarter, as companies continued to take advantage of the record low interest rate environment to access the debt capital markets and clients took advantage of the strong equity environment to raise equity capital in almost all sectors.
Our investment banking resultsFebruary 28, 2022 include record net revenues of $41.7$27.2 million from our share of the net earnings of our Jefferies Finance LLC (“Jefferies Finance”) joint venture, compared with a net lossrevenues of $49.7$30.6 million in the prior year comparable quarter. Strongquarter, partially offset by expenses in connection with transactions between us and Jefferies Finance of $8.2 million and $3.1 million for the periods. In addition, results in the current year quarter reflect high loan arrangement volumes due to continued strength in the leveraged finance markets. Results in the prior year comparable quarter reflect unrealized losses related to the write-down of commitments and loans held-for-sale, as well as reserves recorded on the loan portfolio, primarily due to the impact of the global novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic on the markets and the economy.
Our equities netboth periods also included revenues of $242.9$0.3 million increased 2.5% comparedfrom Jefferies Finance to the prior year comparable quarter, as our global franchise continues to grow and increase market share. Our European and Asian businesses continued to expand. In addition, compared to the prior year comparable quarter, our results include lower losses on certain block positions and lower revenues due to reduced volatility levels and our current year quarter results also include mark-to-market losses from SPAC-related activity.
Our fixed income net revenues of $257.2 million were down 47.8% compared to the prior year comparable quarter, which had extremely strong trading volumes and active market activity for many asset classes due to the onset of COVID-19. The current year quarter trading volumes and client activity across products and regions declined, as market volumes and opportunities decreased due to increasing inflation expectations, treasury yield volatility and tightening spreads.
Our asset management net revenues of $44.5 million were significantly higher than the $5.5 million recorded in the prior year comparable quarter, driven by meaningfully higher investment returns across most platforms and an increase in asset management fees and revenues. Results in the prior year comparable quarter were impacted by lower investment returns from certain of our investments in separately managed accounts and funds, as a result of the significant impact of COVID-19 on the markets and economy.us. Results in the current year quarter include $14.6 million in management, performance and similar fees and revenues earned directly or through our strategic affiliates in the current year quarter, as compared with $4.6 million in the prior year comparable quarter.
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Net revenues in our other business category in the three months ended May 31, 2021 were $39.1 million, compared with net losses of $17.7 million in the prior year comparable quarter. Results in the current year quarteralso include net revenues of $30.7$38.9 million from our share of the net income of Berkadia Commercial Mortgage Holding LLC (“Berkadia”) due to higher mortgage origination,, compared with negligible$30.0 million of net revenues from Berkadia in the prior year comparable quarter. Results in the prior year comparable quarter, areprimarily due to increased mortgage origination at Berkadia. Revenues from our share of the impairmentnet earnings of mortgage servicing rights as a result of lowerJefferies Finance and Berkadia are partially offset by allocated interest rates, higher loan loss provisionsexpense associated with our investments in Jefferies Finance and a decline in loan originations due to the impact of COVID-19.
Expenses
Non-interest expenses of $1.19 billionBerkadia. Our other investment banking results for the three months ended May 31, 2021 increased $326.6 million, or 37.9%, compared with $861.5 million for the prior year comparable quarter. The increase, which is primarily due to higher compensation and benefits expense, is meaningfully lower than our 56.4% increase in net revenues, demonstrating the operating leverage inherent in our business model. As a result, our pre-tax operating margin increased to 26.5% in the current year quarter from 16.7% in the prior year comparable quarter.
Compensation and benefits expense for the three months ended May 31, 2021 was $789.8 million, an increase of $218.3 million, or 38.2%, from the prior year comparable quarter, while net revenues increased 56.4%, demonstrating the operating leverage inherent in our business model. Compensation and benefits expense as a percentage of Net revenues was 48.8% for the three months ended May 31, 2021, significantly below the ratio of 55.3%, in the prior year comparable quarter.
Non-compensation expenses for the three months ended May 31, 2021 increased $108.3 million to $398.3 million, compared with $290.0 million for the prior year comparable quarter. This 37.4% increase is again meaningfully lower than our 56.4% increase in net revenues. The increase in non-compensation expenses primarily relates to higher Underwriting costs associated with our record investment banking and equity net revenues. The increase wasFebruary 28, 2022 also due to higher Technology and communication expenses as we continue to invest in our operating platform. In addition, the increase in Other expenses is primarily due to an increase in bad debt expense mostly related to our prime brokerage business. Results in the prior year comparable quarter included our charitable donations of $8.6 million, in memory of Peg Broadbent, our longstanding, esteemed Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) who tragically died from complications of COVID-19 in March 2020.
Six Months Ended May 31, 2021 - Record Six Months Net Revenues and Net Income
Consolidated Results
Net revenues for the six months ended May 31, 2021 were an all-time six months record of $3.75 billion, up 69.9% compared with $2.21 billion for the six months ended May 31, 2020, which was then an all-time six months record.
Earnings before income taxes of $1.10 billion for the six months ended May 31, 2021 were a record for the six months period, up 169.6% over the prior year comparable period.
Net earnings attributable to Jefferies Group LLC of $812.9 million for the six months ended May 31, 2021 were a record for the six months period, up 167.3% over the prior year comparable period.
Our results for the six months ended May 31, 2021 reflect record six months net revenues in investment banking, equities and asset management, as well as solid results in fixed income.
Our investment banking results reflect our increased market share, including record six months net revenues in investment banking advisory and equity and debt underwriting.
Our record equities net revenues reflect higher trading market volumes throughout most of the current year period and our increased market share in almost all our businesses and across each of our core regions.
Our lower results in fixed income were primarily due to reduced trading volumes, as the strong trading volumes and active markets seen in 2020 did not continue in the current year period.
Business Results
Our investment bankinginclude net revenues of $2.07 billion for the six months ended May 31, 2021 were an increase of 131.3%$21.8 million from the prior year comparable period, reflecting record underwriting revenues of $1.30 billion, up $848.2 million, or 186.7%, over the prior year comparable period and record advisory revenues of $701.9 million, up $176.7, or 33.6% over the prior year comparable period. Foursight.
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Our investment banking results includeequities net revenues of $72.3$277.0 million from our shareare 47.8% lower than those of the net earnings ofprior year’s exceptionally strong comparable quarter, as our Jefferies Finance joint venture, compared withresults were impacted by challenging market conditions for equity trading as a net loss of $39.3 million in the prior year comparable period. Strong results in the current year period reflect high loan arrangement volumes in the leveraged finance markets as borrowers took advantageresult of the low interest rate environment, as well as a reduction in loan loss reserves. Results in the prior year comparable period reflect unrealized losses relatedmarket volatility and global instability. This compares to the write-down of commitments and loans held-for-sale, as well as reserves recorded on the loan portfolio, primarily due to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the markets and the economy. Other investment banking revenues during the prior year comparable period also include unrealized write-downs of private equity investments received or acquired in connection with our investment banking activities.
Our equities net revenues increased 60.3% compared to the prior year comparable period, driven by all-time record results in almostpredominately all our equities businesses and across each of our core regions primarily induring the three months ended February 28, 2021. Last year’s first quarter of the current year period. Ourbenefited from all-time record results in predominately all our equities business continues to gain market sharebusinesses and benefited significantly from the continued expansionacross each of our businesses both from a product and geographic perspective and the favorable trading environment and increased SPAC-related activity in the U.S., in the first quarter of the current year.regions.
Our fixed income net revenues of $202.8 million were down 16.3%44.2% compared to the prior year comparable period, which was an all-time record period. While our net revenues decreased from that of the prior year comparable period, fixed income results produced the second best six month fixed income net revenues period on record. The prior year comparable period significantly benefited from strong trading volumes due to extremely active markets and high levels of volatility during the period,quarter, as a result of the U.S. Federal Reserve Bankreduced client activity across most products and other government interventions to support the markets.regions, as increased inflation and interest rate concerns resulted in lower volumes. Last year’s first quarter benefited from particularly strong client activity and robust revenues from high levels of volatility.
OurOverall net revenues in our asset management net revenues of $214.3business were $60.0 million, for the six months ended May 31, 2021, were significantly higher than the $27.4 million recorded in the prior year comparable period, driven by meaningfully higher investment returns across most platforms and a substantial increase in asset management fees and revenues. Results in the prior year comparable period were impacted by lower investment returns from certain of our investments in separately managed accounts and funds, as a result of the significant impact of COVID-19 on the markets and economy. Results in the current year period include $52.0 million in management, performance and similar fees and revenues earned directly or through our strategic affiliates in the current year period, as compared with $16.3a record $170.5 million in the prior year comparable period. Performance fees and similar revenues are generally realized and recognized once a year inquarter, due to significantly lower investment returns on our capital for the first quarter of our fiscal year and are attributable to performance realized in respect of the calendar year ending during our first fiscal quarter.
Net revenues in our other business category in the sixthree months ended May 31, 2021 were $70.8 million, compared with net revenues of $59.8 million inFebruary 28, 2022, on lower performance by strategies that had exceptionally strong returns during the prior year comparable period. Results in the current year period include higher net revenues of $60.7 million from our share of the net income of Berkadia, compared with $21.9 million in the prior year comparable period. The results in the prior year comparable period also included gains of $61.5 million from macro hedges that were bought and sold in the prior year period at the onset of COVID-19.quarter.
Expenses
Non-interest expenses of $1.10 billion for the sixthree months ended May 31, 2021 increased $849.5February 28, 2022 decreased $353.3 million, or 47.3%24.2%, to $2.65 billion, compared with $1.80$1.46 billion for the prior year comparable period. This 47.3% increase, whichquarter. The decrease is primarilylargely due to higherthe decline in compensation and benefits expense is meaningfully lower than our 69.9% increaseconsistent with the decline in net revenues, demonstrating the operating leverage inherent in our business model. As a result, our pre-tax operating margin increased to 29.4% in the current year from 18.5% in the prior year period.revenues.
Compensation and benefits expense for the sixthree months ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 was $1.91 billion, an increase$744.2 million, a decrease of $703.0$375.7 million, or 58.3%33.5%, from the prior year comparable period, below the 69.9% growth in our net revenues.quarter. Compensation and benefits expense as a percentage of Net revenues was 51.0%48.3% for the sixthree months ended May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, compared with 54.7%,52.6% in the prior year comparable period.quarter and 47.9% for the year ended November 30, 2021.
Non-compensation expenses for the sixthree months ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 increased $146.6$22.4 million or 24.8% to $736.6$360.7 million, compared with $590.0$338.3 million for the prior year comparable period. This 24.8% increase is meaningfully lower than our 69.9% increase in net revenues. The increase in non-compensation expenses was primarily due to higher Floor brokerage and clearing fees due to an increase in trading volumes and higher Underwriting costs due to an increase in the volume of investment banking transactions. These increases correspond with our record equities net revenues and record investment banking net revenues.quarter. The increase was alsoprimarily due to higher Technology and communication expenses related to the development of various trading and management systems and increased market data costs, higher Professional servicesBusiness development expenses as business travel and events increased from the prior year comparable quarter which was substantially curtailed due to COVID-19 and higher Other expenses, withwhich included expenses related to the operations of Foursight. This increase in Other expenses primarilywas partially offset by lower Underwriting costs due to an increase in bad debt expense mostly related to our prime brokerage business. Resultsa decrease in the prior year comparable period included our charitable donationsvolume of $8.6 million, in memory of Peg Broadbent, our longstanding, esteemed CFO who tragically died from complications of COVID-19 in March 2020.equity underwriting transactions.
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Headcount
At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, we had 4,1214,808 employees globally, an increase of 271824 employees from our headcount of 3,8503,984 at May 31, 2020.February 28, 2021. Our headcount increased across theall regions, primarily as a result of continued investment to support and drive the growth ofin our investment banking business,businesses, including the addition of 202 employees as well asa result of the transfer of Foursight from Jefferies to us. The increase was also due to additions in technology and other corporate services staff to support our growth. The increase was partially offset by a reduction in our asset management business due to the wind down of an asset management platform.

increased growth and other strategic priorities.
Revenues by Source
For presentation purposes, the remainder of “Consolidated Results of Operations” is presented on a detailed product and expense basis, rather than on a business segment basis. Net revenues presented for our Investment Banking and Capital Markets businesses include allocations of interest income and interest expense as we assess the profitability of these businesses inclusive of the net interest revenue or expense associated with the respective activities, including the net interest cost of allocated long-term debt, which is a function of the mix of each business’s associated assets and liabilities and the related funding costs.
We have made a change to the presentation of our “Revenues by Source” to present our share of the net earnings of Berkadia within Other investment banking net revenues, which was previously presented within our Other business category. We believe that this change to our revenue reporting better aligns with management’s current view of our business activities related to commercial real estate investment banking and management reporting. Previously reported results are presented on a comparable basis in the tables below.
On December 1, 2021, we have also expanded the activities of our asset management business to include alternative investment strategies. Previously reported results are presented on a comparable basis in the tables below. Additionally, our other investment banking activities reflects the operations of Foursight.
The changes to the manner in which we describe and disclose the performance of our business activities has no effect on our historical consolidated results of operation. These changes do not impact our reportable segments and we will continue to report our activities in two business segments: (1) Investment Banking and Capital Markets and (2) Asset Management.
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The composition of our net revenues has varied over time as financial markets and the scope of our operations have changed. The composition of net revenues can also vary from period to period due to fluctuations in economic and market conditions, and our own performance. The following provides a summary of “Net Revenues by Source” (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended May 31,Six Months Ended May 31,Three Months Ended February 28,
202120202021202020222021
Amount% of Net RevenuesAmount% of Net Revenues% ChangeAmount% of Net RevenuesAmount% of Net Revenues% ChangeAmount% of Net RevenuesAmount% of Net Revenues% Change
AdvisoryAdvisory$390,508 24.1 %$182,081 17.6 %114.5 %$701,947 18.7 %$525,239 23.8 %33.6 %Advisory$543,769 35.3 %$311,439 14.6 %74.6 %
Equity underwritingEquity underwriting324,462 20.1 124,383 12.0 160.9 %819,268 21.9 256,075 11.6 219.9 %Equity underwriting156,100 10.1 494,806 23.2 (68.5)%
Debt underwritingDebt underwriting285,730 17.7 81,027 7.8 252.6 %483,147 12.9 198,179 9.0 143.8 %Debt underwriting245,179 15.9 197,417 9.3 24.2 %
Total underwritingTotal underwriting610,192 37.8 205,410 19.8 197.1 %1,302,415 34.8 454,254 20.6 186.7 %Total underwriting401,279 26.0 692,223 32.5 (42.0)%
Other investment bankingOther investment banking32,971 2.0 (71,234)(6.9)N/M62,796 1.7 (85,763)(3.9)N/MOther investment banking58,134 3.8 54,323 2.6 7.0 %
Total investment bankingTotal investment banking1,033,671 63.9 316,257 30.5 226.8 %2,067,158 55.2 893,730 40.5 131.3 %Total investment banking1,003,182 65.1 1,057,985 49.7 (5.2)%
EquitiesEquities242,949 15.0 237,131 22.9 2.5 %773,965 20.7 482,772 21.9 60.3 %Equities277,047 18.0 531,016 24.9 (47.8)%
Fixed incomeFixed income257,197 15.9 493,144 47.7 (47.8)%620,556 16.6 741,326 33.6 (16.3)%Fixed income202,800 13.2 363,359 17.1 (44.2)%
Total capital marketsTotal capital markets500,146 30.9 730,275 70.6 (31.5)%1,394,521 37.3 1,224,098 55.5 13.9 %Total capital markets479,847 31.2 894,375 42.0 (46.3)%
OtherOther39,147 2.5 (17,700)(1.6)N/M70,794 1.8 59,833 2.8 18.3 %Other(1,211)(0.2)6,486 0.3 N/M
Total Investment Banking and Capital Markets (1)Total Investment Banking and Capital Markets (1)1,572,964 97.3 1,028,832 99.5 52.9 %3,532,473 94.3 2,177,661 98.8 62.2 %Total Investment Banking and Capital Markets (1)1,481,818 96.1 1,958,846 92.0 (24.4)%
Asset management fees and revenuesAsset management fees and revenues14,567 0.9 4,576 0.4 218.3 %51,950 1.4 16,296 0.7 218.8 %Asset management fees and revenues44,502 2.9 37,383 1.8 19.0 %
Investment return (2)Investment return (2)41,326 2.6 13,944 1.3 196.4 %184,199 4.9 34,783 1.6 429.6 %Investment return (2)29,530 1.9 143,536 6.7 (79.4)%
Allocated net interest (2)Allocated net interest (2)(11,439)(0.8)(12,985)(1.2)(11.9)%(21,838)(0.6)(23,677)(1.1)(7.8)%Allocated net interest (2)(14,076)(0.9)(10,399)(0.5)35.4 %
Total Asset ManagementTotal Asset Management44,454 2.7 5,535 0.5 703.1 %214,311 5.7 27,402 1.2 682.1 %Total Asset Management59,956 3.9 170,520 8.0 (64.8)%
Net revenuesNet revenues$1,617,418 100.0 %$1,034,367 100.0 %56.4 %$3,746,784 100.0 %$2,205,063 100.0 %69.9 %Net revenues$1,541,774 100.0 %$2,129,366 100.0 %(27.6)%
N/M — Not Meaningful
(1)Allocated net interest is not separately disaggregated for Investment Banking and Capital Markets. This presentation is aligned to our Investment Banking and Capital Markets internal performance measurement.
(2)Allocated net interest represents thean allocation to Asset Management of our long-term debt interest expense, to Asset Management, net of interest income on our Cash and cash equivalents and other sources of liquidity. Allocated net interest has been disaggregated to increase transparency and to make clearer actual Investment return. We believe that aggregating Investment return and Allocated net interest would obscure the Investment return by including an amount that is unique to our credit spreads, debt maturity profile, capital structure, liquidity risks and allocation methods.

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Investment Banking Revenues
Investment banking is comprised of revenues from:
advisory services with respect to mergersmergers/acquisitions, restructurings/recapitalizations and acquisitions and restructurings and recapitalizations;private capital advisory transactions;
underwriting services, which include underwriting and placement services related to corporate debt, municipal bonds, mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities and equity and equity-linked securities and loan syndication;
our 50% share of net earnings from our corporate lending joint venture, Jefferies Finance;
our 45% share of net earnings from our commercial real estate joint venture, Berkadia;
the results of operations of Foursight, our wholly-owned subsidiary engaged in the lending and servicing of automobile loans; and
securities and loans received or acquired in connection with our investment banking activities.
The following table sets forth our investment banking revenues (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
% ChangeSix Months Ended 
May 31,
% Change
2021202020212020
Advisory$390,508 $182,081 114.5 %$701,947 $525,239 33.6 %
Equity underwriting324,462 124,383 160.9 %819,268 256,075 219.9 %
Debt underwriting285,730 81,027 252.6 %483,147 198,179 143.8 %
Total underwriting610,192 205,410 197.1 %1,302,415 454,254 186.7 %
Other investment banking32,971 (71,234)N/M62,796 (85,763)N/M
Total investment banking$1,033,671 $316,257 226.8 %$2,067,158 $893,730 131.3 %
N/M — Not Meaningful
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
% Change
20222021
Advisory$543,769 $311,439 74.6 %
Equity underwriting156,100 494,806 (68.5)%
Debt underwriting245,179 197,417 24.2 %
Total underwriting401,279 692,223 (42.0)%
Other investment banking58,134 54,323 7.0 %
Total investment banking$1,003,182 $1,057,985 (5.2)%
The following table sets forth our investment banking activities (dollars in billions):
Deals CompletedAggregate ValueDeals CompletedAggregate Value
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
202120202021202020212020202120202022202120222021
Advisory transactionsAdvisory transactions64 35 129 101 $71.1 $23.3 $153.3 $81.0 Advisory transactions132 65 $138.8 $82.2 
Public and private equity and convertible offeringsPublic and private equity and convertible offerings104 50 220 106 37.9 25.4 81.7 37.2 Public and private equity and convertible offerings47 116 12.1 43.8 
Public and private debt financingsPublic and private debt financings201 84 364 236 105.9 43.6 182.6 113.2 Public and private debt financings176 163 88.1 76.7 
Three Months Ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022
Investment banking revenues for the three months ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 were a record of $1.03$1.00 billion, compared with $316.3 million$1.06 billion for the three months ended May 31, 2020,February 28, 2021, reflecting recordhigher revenues in investment banking advisorymergers and acquisitions and debt underwriting, and solid performancemore than offset by lower revenues in equity underwriting, as the global economy continues to improve and market conditions stabilize. Our investment in our investment banking franchise and our strategy to lead with our investment banking platform has delivered increased market share as is reflected in global rankings.underwriting.
Our advisory revenues were a record $390.5$543.8 million, up $208.4$232.4 million, or 114.5%74.6%, compared to the prior year comparable quarter, reflecting record performanceas activity in our mergers and acquisitions business as a result of the increased number of transactions and higher average transaction deal values, as the mergers and acquisitions markets heldremained strong dueand the number of our completed transactions continued to the record low interest rate environment.increase.
OurTotal underwriting revenues for the three months ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 were $401.3 million, a record $610.2 million, an increasedecrease of 197.1%42.0% from $205.4$692.2 million in the prior year comparable quarter, with recordreflecting lower net revenues of $285.7$156.1 million in debtequity underwriting, andpartially offset by strong quarterly net revenues of $245.2 million in equity underwriting of $324.5 million, as companies continued to take advantage of the record low interest rate environment to access the debt capital markets and clients took advantage of the strong equity environment to raise equity capitalunderwriting. The decline in almost all sectors. In addition, our equity underwriting resultsnet revenues was consistent with the substantial reduction in the current year quarter were driven by growthindustry-wide deal activity, including a slowdown in initial public offerings, including our underwriting activities on 14 Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (“SPACs”) offerings and other SPAC-related transactions.transactions as compared with the prior year comparable quarter.

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Other investment banking net revenues were $33.0$58.1 million for the three months ended May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, compared with a net lossrevenues of $71.2$54.3 million for the three months ended May 31, 2020.February 28, 2021. Other investment banking revenues during the three months ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 include record net revenues of $41.7$27.2 million from our share of the net earnings of our Jefferies Finance joint venture, compared with a net lossrevenues of $49.7$30.6 million in the prior year comparable quarter. Strongquarter, partially offset by expenses in connection with transactions between us and Jefferies Finance of $8.2 million and $3.1 million for the periods. In addition, results in both periods also included revenues of $0.3 million from Jefferies Finance to us. Results in the current year quarter reflect higher loan arrangement volumesalso include net revenues of $38.9 million due to continued strength in the leveraged finance markets as borrowers took advantageour share of the low interest rate environment and strong volumes in the mergers and acquisition markets. Resultsnet income of Berkadia compared with net revenues of $30.0 million from Berkadia in the prior year comparable quarter, reflect unrealized losses related to the write-down of commitments and loans held-for-sale, as well as reserves recorded on the loan portfolio, primarily due to increased mortgage origination at Berkadia. Revenues from our share of the impactnet earnings of COVID-19 on the marketsJefferies Finance and the economy. The prior year comparable quarter also included unrealized write-downs of private equity investments received or acquired in connection with our investment banking activities. Our Other investment banking revenues in both periodsBerkadia are reducedpartially offset by allocated interest expense associated with our investments in Jefferies Finance and Berkadia. In addition, our other investment banking results for the amortizationthree months ended February 28, 2022 include net revenues of costs$21.8 million from Foursight. Other investment banking net revenues also include net mark-to-market losses of $13.7 million related to our investmentcertain investments, compared with net mark-to-market gains of $8.5 million in the Jefferies Finance business.prior year comparable quarter.
At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, the new issue markets are somewhat sluggish and while our investment banking backlog remains strong, our realization of potential net revenues from future transactions was at a record level.this backlog is sensitive to market conditions. As an indicator of net revenues in a given future period, backlog is subject to limitations. The time frame for the realization of revenues from these expected transactions varies and is influenced by factors we do not control. Transactions not included in the estimateour backlog may occur,be completed, and expected transactions may also be modified or cancelled.
Six Months Ended May 31, 2021
Investment banking revenues for the six months ended May 31, 2021 were a record of $2.07 billion, compared with $893.7 million for the six months ended May 31, 2020, reflecting record six months revenues in equity and debt underwriting and in mergers and acquisitions.
Our advisory revenues were a six months record of $701.9 million, up $176.7 million, or 33.6% higher than the prior year comparable period, primarily due to a significant increase in the number of deals and higher average transaction deal values, across most sectors, as the mergers and acquisitions markets held strong with high levels of activity due to the record low interest rate environment and the surge in the stock market.
Our underwriting revenues for the six months ended May 31, 2021 were a six months record of $1.30 billion, an increase of 186.7% from $454.3 million in the prior year comparable period, with record six months net revenues in equity underwriting of $819.3 million and record six months net revenues of $483.1 million in debt underwriting, as clients took advantage of the strong equity environment to raise equity capital in almost all sectors and companies continued to take advantage of the low rate environment to access the debt capital markets with high levels of activity in the leveraged loan new issuance markets and record levels of high yield bond refinancing activity. In addition, our equity underwriting results in the current year include revenues of $191.9 million generated from our underwriting activities on 36 SPACs offerings and other SPAC-related transactions.
Other investment banking revenues were $62.8 million for the six months ended May 31, 2021, compared with a net loss of $85.8 million for the six months ended May 31, 2020. Other investment banking revenues during the six months ended May 31, 2021 include net revenues of $72.3 million from our share of the net earnings of our Jefferies Finance joint venture, compared with a net loss of $39.3 million in the prior year comparable period. Strong results in the current year period reflect high loan arrangement volumes due to continued strength in the leveraged finance markets as borrowers took advantage of the low interest rate environment, as well as a reduction in loan loss reserves. The results during the prior year comparable period included a higher level of reserves recorded on the loan portfolio and unrealized losses related to the write-down of certain equity investments due to the impact of COVID-19 on the markets and the economy. Results in the current year period also include revenues from mark-to-market activity on SPAC and SPAC-related transactions. The prior year comparable period also included unrealized write-downs of private equity investments received or acquired in connection with our investment banking activities. Our Other investment banking revenues in both periods are reduced by allocated interest expense and the amortization of costs related to our investment in the Jefferies Finance business.
Equities Net Revenues
Equities is comprised of net revenues from:
services provided to our clients from which we earn commissions or spread revenue by executing, settling and clearing transactions for clients;
advisory services offered to clients;
financing, securities lending and other prime brokerage services offered to clients, including capital introductions and outsourced trading; and
wealth management services.
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Three Months Ended May 31, 2021
Total equities net revenues of $242.9 million for the three months ended May 31, 2021, a record for a second quarter and an increase of 2.5%, compared with $237.1 million for the prior year comparable quarter, as our equities franchise continues to gain market share and perform well in a market environment with a broad decline in market volumes and lower levels of client activity across several segments of the market.
Our global cash equities business declined in the U.S., as a result of lower client activity and changes in market dynamics, while our international franchise in Europe and across Asia Pacific continued to grow, driven by ongoing momentum, market share gains and increased client activity. Our electronic trading businesses in Europe and Asia Pacific had continued growth and momentum, while our U.S. electronic trading business had lower revenues, as our results in the prior year comparable quarter reflected record revenues driven by significantly higher global market volatility. Results in our prime services franchise, consisting of prime brokerage, outsourced trading and securities finance, were higher driven by increased client balances and improved trading in our securities finance franchise, as well as continued growth in outsourced trading for hedge fund clients, partially offset by decreased client activity in other areas as well as muted money market revenue as a result of low short-term interest rates. Our equity derivatives business had higher quarterly results driven by an increase in client activity and improved trading results due to a strengthening of our human capital. Our global convertibles franchise had increased revenues both in the U.S. and internationally, driven by improved trading results and market conditions.
The increase in our global equities net revenues is also reflective of losses on certain block positions in the prior year quarter that were not repeated in the current year quarter and our current year quarter results also include mark-to-market losses from SPAC-related activity.
Six Months Ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022
Total equities net revenues were $774.0$277.0 million for the sixthree months ended May 31, 2021, an increase of 60.3%,February 28, 2022, compared with $482.8$531.0 million for the prior year comparable period, driven byquarter, which included all-time six months record results in predominately all our equities businesses and across each of our core regions in the current year period. Our equities franchise continues to gain market share and benefited significantly from the favorable trading environment and SPAC-related activity in the U.S., particularly in the first quarter of the current year.regions.
In the current year, we received recognition from leading third-party market surveys - Our international convertibles franchise was ranked 1stResults in both European and Asian, excluding Japan, convertibles by Greenwich Associates. Bloomberg ranked our electronic trading platform as 2nd in the U.S. Hedgeweek named us as the Best U.S. Prime Broker and we doubled the number of analysts ranked in the Japanese Institutional Investor survey.
Ourglobal cash equities business had record results globally andreflected lower client activity across each regionregions versus strong market volumes in the U.S., Europe and Asia Pacific. Overall, our cash equities results were driven by significant client activity, meaningfulprior year comparable quarter. The prior year comparable quarter also benefited from trading revenue and SPAC-related activity. Record results in our electronic trading business were driven by higher commissions and growth in our European and Asia Pacific businesses. Overall, our international electronic trading franchise continuedopportunities related to benefit from our globalization and expansion strategy. Our prime services franchise, consisting of prime brokerage, outsourced trading and securities finance, had record results driven by higher balances and increased client activity, improved trading in our securities finance business, and continued growth and momentum in our outsourced trading franchise.SPACs. Our global convertibles franchisebusiness also had record resultslower revenues primarily driven by weaker equity markets and widening credit spreads compared to a strong trading activity and continued market-leading competitive positioning. Resultsissuance market in our equity derivatives business were significantly higher at record levels, driven by improved trading results and higher commission levels.the prior year comparable quarter.
Fixed Income Net Revenues
Fixed income is comprised of net revenues from:
executing transactions for clients and making markets in securitized products, investment grade, high-yield, distressed, emerging markets, municipal and sovereign securities and bank loans, as well as foreign exchange execution on behalf of clients;
interest rate derivatives and credit derivatives; and
financing services offered to clients.
Three Months Ended February 28, 2022
Fixed income net revenues totaled $202.8 million for the three months ended February 28, 2022, a decrease of 44.2% from net revenues of $363.4 million for the three months ended February 28, 2021, primarily due to lower trading volumes in the face of inflation concerns and interest rate uncertainty and a reduction in investor demand for securitized products. The prior year comparable quarter results were reflective of particularly strong client activity and robust revenues from high levels of volatility.
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Three Months Ended May 31, 2021
Fixed income net revenues totaled $257.2 million for the three months ended May 31, 2021, a decrease of 47.8% from net revenues of $493.1 million for the three months ended May 31, 2020, 2020, driven by reduced trading volumes and client activityResults across most products and regions, as the momentum we experienced in 2020 and the first quarter of 2021 dissipated due to increasing inflation expectations, treasury yield volatility and tightening spreads. The prior year comparable quarter, which was an all-time record quarter for our fixed income businesses, benefited significantly from increased trading opportunities as a result of the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank and other government interventions to support the markets.
Net revenues in the current year quarter were higher in our U.S. securitized markets group due to strong demand in the securitization markets, as compared with the prior year comparable quarter. Revenues also improved as a result of ongoing investments in our European securitized markets business. In addition, the current year quarter results benefited from trading gains in our municipal securities business compared to the equivalent prior year comparable quarter when markets experienced a significant sell-off due to the impact of COVID-19.
Our results include lower revenues in our U.S. and International rates businesses due to a decline in trading opportunities, compared with the prior year comparable quarter, which experienced record trading volumes as the effect of COVID-19 and the associated government support impacted the markets. Lower results across our global credit franchise and emerging markets business were driven bylower on a declineslowdown in trading opportunities, as results in the prior year comparable quarter reflected robust revenues across most regions and products, due to reducedincreased client activity and lower levels of volatility in the current year quarter,trading activity. Additionally, trading conditions were difficult for municipal securities as these businesses benefited significantly from the government support of the credit marketscompared to strong results in the prior year comparable quarter.
Six Months Ended May 31, 2021
Fixed income net revenues totaled $620.6 million for the six months ended May 31, 2021, a decrease of 16.3% from net revenues of $741.3 million for the six months ended May 31, 2020, drivenThe lower results were partially offset by reduced trading volumes across most products and regions in the second quarter of the current year period. While the six month period revenues decreased from that of the comparable six month period, fixed income results produced the second best six month fixed income revenue period on record with the six month period ended May 31, 2020 representing an all-time record six month results. The prior year comparable period significantly benefited from strong trading volumes due to extremely active markets and high levels of volatility during the period, as a result of the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank and other government interventions to support the markets.
Net revenues in the current year period were higher in our U.S. and international securitized markets groups on increased demand for most of these product classes, as compared with the prior year comparable period. Our revenues also benefited from ongoing investments across our European credit franchise. In addition, current year period results benefited from trading gains in our municipal securities business compared to the comparable prior year period when markets experienced a significant sell-off due to the impact of COVID-19.
Our results include lower revenues in our U.S. and Internationalglobal rates businesses due to a declinean increase in trading opportunities, which were impacted by lower levels of volatilityas increased inflation expectations drove an increase in rates during the current year period, as the prior year comparable period benefited from significant government interventions. Lower results across our Asian credit, investment grade corporates and emerging markets businesses, as well as our high yield and loan trading businesses, resulted from a decline in revenues across most regions and products due to reduced client activity and lower levels of volatility in the current year period, as these businesses benefited significantly from the government support of the credit markets in the prior year comparable period.quarter.
Other
Other is comprised of revenues from:
Berkadia and other investments (other than Jefferies Finance, which is included in Other investment banking);
principal investments in private equity and hedge funds managed by third-parties, or related parties andwhich are not part of our Leucadia Asset Management platform;platform, and other strategic investment positions; and
investments held as part of employee benefit plans, including deferred compensation plans (for which we incur an equal and offsetting amount of compensation expense).
Three Months Ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022
Our other net revenues totaled $39.1$1.2 million for the three months ended May 31, 2021, an increaseFebruary 28, 2022, a decrease of $56.8$7.7 million compared with net lossesrevenues of $17.7$6.5 million for the three months ended May 31, 2020.
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Results in the current year quarter include net revenues of $30.7 million due to our share of the net income of Berkadia due to higher mortgage origination, compared with negligible net revenues from Berkadia in the prior year comparable quarter. Results in the prior year comparable quarter are due to the impairment of mortgage servicing rights as a result of lower interest rates, higher loan loss provisions and a decline in loan originations due to the impact of COVID-19.
The results in the current year quarter also include unrealized net mark-to-market gains related to certain investments, compared with mark-to-market losses in the prior year comparable quarter.
Six Months Ended May 31, 2021
Our other net revenues totaled $70.8 million for the six months ended May 31, 2021, an increase of $11.0 million compared with net revenues of $59.8 million for the six months ended May 31, 2020.
The results in the prior year period included gains of $61.5 million from macro hedges that were bought and sold in the prior year comparable period at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results in the current year period include net revenues of $60.7 million due to our share of the net income of Berkadia compared with $21.9 million in the prior year comparable period. The lower results in the prior year comparable period are due to the impairment of mortgage servicing rights as a result of lower interest rates, higher loan loss provisions and a decline in loan originations due to the impact of COVID-19.February 28, 2021.
Asset Management
Our asset management business isWe operate a diversified alternative asset management platform offering institutional clients an innovative range of investment strategies directly and through us and our affiliated asset managers. We provide certain of our affiliated asset managers access to our fully integrated global operational infrastructure and support. This may include strategy and product development, daily operations and finance-related activities, compliance, legal and human resources support, as well as all aspects ofmarketing business development.
Asset management revenue includes the following:
management and performance fees from funds and accounts managed by us;
revenue from affiliated asset managers in whichwhere we hold interests that entitle usare entitled to portions of their revenues and/or profits;profits, as well as earnings on our ownership interests in our affiliated asset managers; and
investment income from capital invested in and managed by us, Jefferies and our affiliated asset managers.managers; and
alternative investing activities across a range of sectors.
The key components of asset management revenues are the level of assets under management and the performance return, for the most part on an absolute basis, and, in certain cases, relative to a benchmark or hurdle. These components can be affected by financial markets, profits and losses in the applicable investment portfolios and client capital activity. Further, asset management fees vary with the nature of investment management services. The terms under which clients may terminate our investment management authority, and the requisite notice period for such termination, varies depending on the nature of the investment vehicle and the liquidity of the portfolio assets. PerformanceIn some instances, performance fees and similar revenues are generally recognized once a year, typically in December, when they become fixed and determinable and are not probable of being significantly reversed.reversed, typically in December. As a result, a significant portion of our performance fees and similar revenues are generally realized and recognized in the first quarter of our fiscal year creating a timing lag betweengenerated from investment returns generated in a calendar year with the associated performance feesare recognized in our following fiscal year.
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The following summarizes the results of our Asset Management businesses by asset class (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
% ChangeSix Months Ended 
May 31,
% ChangeThree Months Ended 
February 28,
% Change
202120202021202020222021
Asset management fees:Asset management fees:Asset management fees:
EquitiesEquities$624 $1,073 (41.8)%$5,623 $3,947 42.5 %Equities$5,290 $4,999 5.8 %
Multi-assetMulti-asset1,691 1,164 45.3 %3,605 2,694 33.8 %Multi-asset7,279 1,914 280.3 %
Total asset management feesTotal asset management fees2,315 2,237 3.5 %9,228 6,641 39.0 %Total asset management fees12,569 6,913 81.8 %
Revenue from strategic affiliates (1)Revenue from strategic affiliates (1)12,252 2,339 423.8 %42,722 9,655 342.5 %Revenue from strategic affiliates (1)31,933 30,470 4.8 %
Total asset management fees and revenuesTotal asset management fees and revenues14,567 4,576 218.3 %51,950 16,296 218.8 %Total asset management fees and revenues44,502 37,383 19.0 %
Investment returnInvestment return41,326 13,944 196.4 %184,199 34,783 429.6 %Investment return29,530 143,536 (79.4)%
Allocated net interestAllocated net interest(11,439)(12,985)(11.9)%(21,838)(23,677)(7.8)%Allocated net interest(14,076)(10,399)35.4 %
Total Asset ManagementTotal Asset Management$44,454 $5,535 703.1 %$214,311 $27,402 682.1 %Total Asset Management$59,956 $170,520 (64.8)%
(1)These amounts include our share of fees received by affiliated asset management companies with which we have revenue and profit share arrangements.arrangements, as well as earnings on our ownership interest in affiliated asset managers.
Three Months Ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022
AssetTotal asset management netfees and revenues in the three months ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 were $44.5 million, significantly higher than the $5.5compared with $37.4 million recorded in the prior year comparable quarter, driven by investments in new platforms,quarter. The increase was due to higher investment returns across many platforms and an increase in asset management fees on funds managed by us and revenues. The resultsa modest increase in the prior year comparable quarter were impacted by lower investment returns from certain of our investments in separately managed accounts and funds due to the impact of COVID-19 on the markets and economy. Results in the current year quarter include $14.6 million in management, performance and similar fees and revenues earned directly or through our strategic affiliates, asaffiliates.
Our investment return in the three months ended February 28, 2022 was $29.5 million, compared with $4.6$143.5 million in the prior year comparable quarter, as our strategies were significantly impacted by a difficult environment for long/short equity funds, multi-strategy funds and energy funds and lower performance by strategies that had very strong returns during the prior year comparable quarter. Results were partially offset by fair value increases for the period on certain investments transferred to us from Jefferies. Results in the current year quarter also include allocated net interest expenses of $14.1 million, compared with $10.4 million in the prior year comparable quarter.
Six Months Ended May 31,Assets under Management
We and our affiliated asset managers have aggregate net asset values or net asset value equivalent assets under management of approximately $23.6 billion and $14.3 billion at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively. Net asset values or net asset value equivalent assets under management are comprised of the fair value of the net assets of a fund or the net capital invested in a separately managed account. These include the following:
Asset management net revenuesNet asset values of investments made by us or by Jefferies in the six months ended May 31, 2021 were a six months record of $214.3 million, significantly higher than the $27.4 million recorded in the prior year period, driven by meaningfully higher investment returns across most platforms, investments in new platforms and a substantial increase in asset management fees and revenues. The results in the prior year comparable period were impacted by lower investment returns from certain of our investments infunds or separately managed accounts were $2.6 billion at February 28, 2022 and funds$2.6 billion at November 30, 2021. We invest in certain strategies using our own capital often before opening a strategy to outside capital. The net asset values include our capital of $1.7 billion at February 28, 2022 and $1.6 billion at November 30, 2021 plus amounts financed of $0.9 billion at February 28, 2022 and $1.0 billion at November 30, 2021. Revenues related to the investments made by us are presented in Investment return within the results of our asset management businesses.
The assets under management by affiliated asset managers with whom we have an ongoing profit or revenue sharing arrangement were $20.0 billion at February 28, 2022 and $10.9 billion at November 30, 2021, primarily reflecting increases from the transfer of investments from Jefferies to us on December 1, 2021 (see Note 1, Organization and Basis of Presentation for further details). In some instances, due to the impacttiming of COVID-19 onpayments and crystallization of underlying profits or revenue, the markets and economy. Results in the current year period include $52.0 million in management, performance and similar fees and revenues earned directly or through our strategic affiliates, as compared with $16.3 million in the prior year comparable period. Performance fees and similar revenues arerevenue related to these relationships will generally be realized and recognized once aper year in the first quarter of our fiscal year and are attributable to performance realized in respect ofat the calendar year ending duringyear-end (during our first fiscal quarter.quarter). Revenues from our share of fees received by affiliated asset managers are presented in Revenue from strategic affiliates within the results of our asset management businesses.
Assets under Management
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Third-party investments actively managed by our wholly-owned managers were $1.0 billion at February 28, 2022 and $0.8 billion at November 30, 2021. We earn asset management fees as a result of the third-party investments, which are presented in Asset management fees and revenues within the results of our asset management businesses.
The tables below include only third-party assets under management by us, excluding those of our affiliated asset managers.
Period-end assets under management by predominant asset class were as follows (in millions):
May 31, 2021November 30, 2020
Assets under management (1):
Equities$326 $481 
Multi-asset442 173 
Total$768 $654 
(1)Assets under management include third-party net assets actively managed by us, including hedge funds and certain managed accounts. We may consolidate certain funds and for such consolidated funds, assets under management includes the pro-rata portion of third-party net assets in consolidated funds based on the percentage ownership of third-party investors in the consolidated fund. The above amounts do not include assets under management at non-consolidated strategic partners or investments or Jefferies Financial Group Inc. (“Jefferies”).
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February 28, 2022November 30, 2021
Assets under management:
Equities$355 $349 
Multi-asset637 482 
Total$992 $831 
Change in assets under management were as follows (in millions):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
202120202021202020222021
Asset under management:Asset under management:Asset under management:
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$773 $924 $654 $840 Balance, beginning of period$831 $654 
Net cash flows in (out)(19)101 120 
Net market appreciation (depreciation)(9)(26)13 (81)
Net cash flows inNet cash flows in157 97 
Net market appreciationNet market appreciation22 
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$768 $879 $768 $879 Balance, end of period$992 $773 
The change in assets under management during the three months ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 is primarily due to redemptions from certain funds that are in the process of being liquidated and net market depreciation, partially offset by new subscriptions and investments from third-parties. The change in assets under management during the sixthree months ended May 31,February 28, 2021 is primarily due to the transfer of third-party net assets from Jefferies to us, new subscriptions and investments from third-parties and netas well as market appreciation, partially offset by redemptions from certain funds that are in the process of being liquidated. The change in assets under management during the three months ended May 31, 2020 is primarily due to redemptions from certain funds and market depreciation due to the impact of COVID-19 on the markets and economy. The change in assets under management during the six months ended May 31, 2020 is primarily due to new subscriptions and investments from third-parties, partially offset by market depreciation due to the impact of COVID-19 on the markets and economy.appreciation.
Our definition of assets under management is not based on any definition contained in any of our investment management agreements and differs from the manner in which “Regulatory Assets Under Management” is reported to the SEC on Form ADV.
Asset Management Investments
In connection with building our business and growing the revenues we participate in via our affiliated managers, ourOur asset management business makes seed and additional strategic investments directly in alternative asset management separately managed accounts and co-mingled funds where we or our Parent act as the asset manager or in affiliated asset managers where we have strategic relationships and participate in the revenues or profits of the affiliated manager. Included in the table below at May 31, 2021 are $21.2 million of asset management investments that are in the process of being liquidated due to the wind down of a fund and a separately managed account. Our asset management investments generated an investment return of $41.3 million and $184.2 million for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021, respectively, and $13.9 million and $34.8 million for the three and six months ended May 31, 2020, respectively. The following table represents our investments by type of asset manager (in thousands):
May 31, 2021November 30, 2020February 28, 2022November 30, 2021
Jefferies Group LLC; as manager:Jefferies Group LLC; as manager:Jefferies Group LLC; as manager:
Fund investments (2)(1)Fund investments (2)(1)$145,803 $25,292 Fund investments (2)(1)$182,990 $221,359 
Separately managed accounts (3)(2)Separately managed accounts (3)(2)299,924 342,443 Separately managed accounts (3)(2)241,237 251,665 
TotalTotal$445,727 $367,735 Total$424,227 $473,024 
Jefferies Financial Group Inc.; as manager:
Fund investments (2)$— $233,601 
Total$— $233,601 
Strategic affiliates; as asset manager:Strategic affiliates; as asset manager:Strategic affiliates; as asset manager:
Fund investments(1)Fund investments(1)$703,961 $641,185 Fund investments(1)$1,001,126 $825,503 
Separately managed accounts (3)(2)Separately managed accounts (3)(2)298,239 261,273 Separately managed accounts (3)(2)222,538 307,723 
Investments in asset managers (3)Investments in asset managers (3)223,928 — 
TotalTotal$1,002,200 $902,458 Total$1,447,592 $1,133,226 
Total asset management investmentsTotal asset management investments$1,447,927 $1,503,794 Total asset management investments$1,871,819 $1,606,250 
(1)Due to the level or nature of an investment in a fund, we may consolidate that fund; and accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the fund are included in the representative line items in our consolidated financial statements. At May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020, $20.12021, $70.1 million and $0.1$76.5 million, respectively, representsrepresent net investments in funds that have been consolidated in our financial statements.
(2)In the six months ended May 31, 2021, certain fund investments, for which Jefferies Financial Group Inc. had acted as the manager, were transferred to us as the manager.
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(3)Where we have investments in a separately managed account, the assets and liabilities of such account are presented in our consolidated financial statements within each respective line item.
We and our affiliated asset managers (including our
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(3)On December 1, 2021, Jefferies Finance joint venture) have aggregate net asset values or net asset value equivalent assets under management of approximately $22.5 billion and $21.0 billion at May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively. Net asset values or net asset value equivalent assets under management are comprised of the fair value of the net assets of a fund, the net capital invested in a separately managed account or the par value of collateralized loan obligations. These include the following:
Net asset values of investments made by us or by Jefferies in funds or separately managed accounts were $2.4 billion at May 31, 2021 and $2.6 billion at November 30, 2020. We invest intransferred certain strategies using our own capital often before opening investments to outside capital. The net asset values include our capitalus. See Note 1, Organization and Basis of $1.4 billion at May 31, 2021 and $1.5 billion at November 30, 2020 plus amounts financed of $1.0 billion at May 31, 2021 and $1.1 billion at November 30, 2020. Revenues related to the investments made by us are presented in Investment return within the results of our Asset Management businesses.
The assets under management by affiliated asset managers with whom we have an ongoing profit or revenue sharing arrangement were $8.7 billion at May 31, 2021 and $6.9 billion at November 30, 2020. In some instances, due to the timing of payments and crystallization of underlying profits or revenue, the revenue related to these relationships will be realized and recognized once per year at the calendar year-end (during our first fiscal quarter). Revenues from our share of fees received by affiliated asset managers are presented in Revenue from strategic affiliates within the results of our Asset Management businesses.
Third-party investments actively managed by our wholly-owned managers were $0.8 billion at May 31, 2021 and $0.7 billion at November 30, 2020. We earn asset management fees as a result of the third-party investments, which are presented in Asset management fees and revenues within the results of our Asset Management businesses.
Asset management activities within Jefferies Finance were $10.6 billion at May 31, 2021 and $10.8 billion at November 30, 2020, which represent the aggregate par value of CLOs managed by Jefferies Finance, including those consolidated by Jefferies Finance. Although our asset management business provides advice and support, including marketing and sales, to Jefferies Finance, our management evaluates segment performance based on the inclusion of our share of the net earnings of our Jefferies Finance joint venture in our Investment Banking and Capital Markets reportable business segment. Those activities are therefore excluded from our Asset Management reportable business segment results. Revenues from our investment in Jefferies Finance are accountedPresentation for under the equity method and presented in Other revenues on the Consolidated Statement of Earnings.further details.
Non-interest Expenses
Non-interest expenses were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended 
May 31,
% ChangeSix Months Ended 
May 31,
% ChangeThree Months Ended 
February 28,
% Change
202120202021202020222021
Compensation and benefitsCompensation and benefits$789,836 $571,547 38.2 %$1,909,730 $1,206,777 58.3 %Compensation and benefits$744,212 $1,119,894 (33.5)%
Non-compensation expenses:Non-compensation expenses:Non-compensation expenses:
Floor brokerage and clearing feesFloor brokerage and clearing fees76,617 77,619 (1.3)%153,197 138,199 10.9 %Floor brokerage and clearing fees83,961 76,580 9.6 %
Underwriting costsUnderwriting costs8,128 36,136 (77.5)%
Technology and communicationsTechnology and communications107,962 95,594 12.9 %212,303 184,778 14.9 %Technology and communications119,822 104,341 14.8 %
Occupancy and equipment rentalOccupancy and equipment rental32,839 24,395 34.6 %60,829 51,898 17.2 %Occupancy and equipment rental30,905 27,990 10.4 %
Business developmentBusiness development27,023 8,359 223.3 %45,004 38,316 17.5 %Business development27,371 17,981 52.2 %
Professional servicesProfessional services59,780 41,994 42.4 %104,068 86,659 20.1 %Professional services51,118 44,288 15.4 %
Underwriting costs33,031 12,485 164.6 %69,167 30,014 130.4 %
OtherOther61,031 29,506 106.8 %92,017 60,176 52.9 %Other39,363 30,986 27.0 %
Total non-compensation expensesTotal non-compensation expenses398,283 289,952 37.4 %736,585 590,040 24.8 %Total non-compensation expenses360,668 338,302 6.6 %
Total non-interest expensesTotal non-interest expenses$1,188,119 $861,499 37.9 %$2,646,315 $1,796,817 47.3 %Total non-interest expenses$1,104,880 $1,458,196 (24.2)%
Compensation and Benefits
Compensation and benefits expense consists of salaries, benefits, commissions, annual cash compensation and share-based awards and the amortization of share-based and cash compensation awards to employees.
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Cash and share-based awards and a portion of cash awards granted to employees as part of year end compensation generally contain provisions such that employees who terminate their employment or are terminated without cause may continue to vest in their awards, so long as those awards are not forfeited as a result of other forfeiture provisions (primarily non-compete clauses) of those awards. Accordingly, the compensation expense for a portion ofsuch awards granted at year end as part of annual compensation is recorded during the year of the award. Compensation and benefits expense also includes amortization expense associated with theserelated to awards to the extentgranted where vesting is contingent on future service. In addition, the senior executive awards to our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman and our Chairman of the Executive Committee contain market and performance conditions and the awards are amortized over their service periods.
Compensation and benefits expense was $789.8$744.2 million and $1.91for the three months ended February 28, 2022, compared with $1.12 billion for the three and six months ended May 31,February 28, 2021, respectively, compared with $571.5 million and $1.21 billion for the three and six months ended May 31, 2020, respectively, increasing in lineconsistent with the significant increasedecrease in our net revenues. A significant portion of our compensation expense is highly variable with net revenues.
Compensation and benefits expense as a percentage of Net revenues was 48.8% and 51.0%48.3% for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021, respectively,February 28, 2022, compared with 55.3% and 54.7%52.6% for the three and six months ended May 31, 2020, respectively.February 28, 2021 and 47.9% for the year ended November 30, 2021.
Compensation expense related to the amortization of share- and cash-based awards amounted to $53.7 million and $95.8$39.2 million for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021, respectively,February 28, 2022, compared with $84.7 million and $168.5$42.1 million for the three and six months ended May 31, 2020, respectively. The decrease is primarily a result of the accelerated amortization recognized in the year ended November 30, 2020 of certain cash-based awards that had been granted during previous years, which were amended to remove any service requirements for vesting in the awards.February 28, 2021.
Employee headcount was 4,1214,808 at May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, an increase of 271824 employees from our headcount of 3,8503,984 at May 31, 2020.February 28, 2021. Our headcount increased across theall regions, primarily as a result of continued investment to support and drive the growth ofin our investment banking business, including the addition of 202 employees as well asa result of the transfer of Foursight from Jefferies to us. The increase was also due to additions in technology and other corporate services staff to support our growth. The increase was partially offset by a reduction in our asset management business due to the wind down of an asset management platform.increased growth and other strategic priorities.
Refer to Note 14,13, Compensation Plans, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for further details on compensation and benefits.
Non-Compensation Expenses
Three Months Ended May 31, 2021
Non-compensation expenses were $398.3 million for the three months ended May 31, 2021, an increase of $108.3 million, or 37.4%, compared with $290.0 million in the three months ended May 31, 2020.
The increase in non-compensation expenses was primarily due to higher Underwriting costs, primarily due to record investment banking net revenues resulting from an increase in the volume of investment banking transactions and higher Technology and communication expenses, primarily related to costs associated with the development of various trading systems and increased market data costs associated with business growth. Technology and communication expenses in the prior year comparable quarter also included the acceleration of certain costs related to the wind down of an asset management business. The increase also included higher Business development expenses as a result of higher costs associated with the increase in investment banking activity and higher Professional services expenses primarily due to an increase in legal and consulting fees due to the increase in activity in certain of our businesses.
The increase is also due to higher Other expenses, primarily due to an increase in bad debt expense mostly related to our prime brokerage business. Results in the prior year comparable quarter included our charitable donations of $8.6 million, in memory of Peg Broadbent, our longstanding, esteemed CFO who tragically died from complications of COVID-19 in March 2020 and a write-off of goodwill and intangible assets related to the wind down of an asset management platform.
Non-compensation expenses as a percentage of Net revenues was 24.6% and 28.0% for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020, respectively, demonstrating the operating leverage inherent in our business.
Six Months Ended May 31, 2021
Non-compensation expenses were $736.6 million for the six months ended May 31, 2021, an increase of $146.6 million, or 24.8%, compared with $590.0 million in the six months ended May 31, 2020.
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Non-Compensation Expenses
Three Months Ended February 28, 2022
Non-compensation expenses were $360.7 million for the three months ended February 28, 2022, an increase of $22.4 million, or 6.6%, compared with $338.3 million in the three months ended February 28, 2021.
The increase in non-compensation expenses wasis primarily due to higher Floor brokerageTechnology and clearing feescommunication expenses related to the development of various trading and management systems and increased market data costs, higher Business development expenses as business travel and events increased from the prior year comparable quarter which was substantially curtailed due to record net revenues in equitiesCOVID-19 and strong net revenues in fixed income resulting from an increase in trading volumes and growth in certain asset management funds and resultant trading activity. Thehigher Other expenses, which included expenses related to the operations of Foursight on December 1, 2021. This increase was alsopartially offset by lower Underwriting costs due to higher Underwriting costs, primarily due to record investment banking net revenues resulting from an increasea decrease in the volume of investment banking transactions. The increase also included higher Technology and communication expenses, primarily related to costs associated with the development of various trading systems and increased market data costs due to business growth and higher Professional services expenses primarily due to an increase in legal and consulting fees due to the increase in activity in certain of our businesses.
Results in the current year period also included higher Other expenses, with the increase in Other expenses primarily due to an increase in bad debt expense mostly related to our prime brokerage business. Non-compensation expenses in the current year also included our charitable donations of $7.7 million to approximately 130 charities around our planet that promote diversity and inclusion, support COVID-19 relief efforts, help Texas relief and support, protect and sustain our environment and strive to help humanity in other meaningful ways. The prior year comparable period included our charitable donations of $8.6 million, in memory of Peg Broadbent, our longstanding, esteemed CFO who tragically died from complications of COVID-19 in March 2020, our $2.4 million donation made to various charities in support of the Australian wildfire relief effort and a write-off of goodwill and intangible assets related to the wind down of an asset management platform.
Non-compensation expenses as a percentage of Net revenues was 19.7%23.4% and 26.8%15.9% for the sixthree months ended May 31,February 28, 2022 and 2021, and May 31, 2020, respectively, demonstrating the operating leverage inherent in our business.respectively.
Income Taxes
For the three and six months ended May 31,February 28, 2022, the provision for income taxes was $95.8 million, equating to an effective tax rate of 21.9%. For the three months ended February 28, 2021, the provision for income taxes was $110.8$177.3 million, and $288.2 million, respectively, equating to an effective tax rate of 25.8% and 26.2%, respectively. For the three and six months ended May 31, 2020, the provision for income taxes was $44.0 million and $108.0 million, respectively, equating to an effective tax rate of 25.4% and 26.5%, respectively.26.4%.
The changedecrease in the effective tax rate for the three months ended May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, as compared to the prior year comparable quarter, andis primarily due to the changerecognition of excess tax benefits on restricted stock units distributed in the effective tax rate for the six months ended May 31, 2021, as compared to the priorcurrent year comparable period, are largely unchanged.quarter.
Refer to Note 15,14, Income Taxes, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for further details on income taxes.
Accounting Developments
ForThere are no accounting standard updates, which we have either determined are applicable or expected to have a discussion of recently issued accounting developments and theirmaterial impact on our consolidated financial statements, see Note 3, Accounting Developments, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.statements.

Critical Accounting Policies
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and related notes. Actual results can and may differ from estimates. These differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements.
We believe our application of U.S. GAAP and the associated estimates are reasonable. Our accounting estimates are reevaluated, and adjustments are made when facts and circumstances dictate a change. Historically, we have found our application of accounting policies to be appropriate, and actual results have not differed materially from those determined using necessary estimates.
We believe our critical accounting policies (policies that are both material to the financial condition and results of operations and require our most subjective or complex judgments) are our valuation of certain financial instruments and assessment of goodwill.
For further discussions of the following significant accounting policies and other significant accounting policies, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2020.2021 and Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Valuation of Financial Instruments
Financial instruments owned and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased are recorded at fair value. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (the exit price). Unrealized gains or losses are generally recognized in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
For information on the composition of our Financial instruments owned and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased recorded at fair value, see Note 4,3, Fair Value Disclosures, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Fair Value Hierarchy – In determining fair value, we maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs reflect our assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. We apply a hierarchy to categorize our fair value measurements broken down into three levels based on the transparency of inputs, where Level 1 uses observable prices in active markets and Level 3 uses valuation techniques that incorporate significant unobservable inputs. Greater use of management judgment is required in determining fair value when inputs are less observable or unobservable in the marketplace, such as when the volume or level of trading activity for a financial instrument has decreased and when certain factors suggest that observed transactions may not be reflective of orderly market transactions. Judgment must be applied in determining the appropriateness of available prices, particularly in assessing whether available data reflects current prices and/or reflects the results of recent market transactions. Prices or quotes are weighed when estimating fair value with greater reliability placed on information from transactions that are considered to be representative of orderly market transactions.
Fair value is a market basedmarket-based measure; therefore, when market observable inputs are not available, our judgment is applied to reflect those judgments that a market participant would use in valuing the same asset or liability. The availability of observable inputs can vary for different products. We use prices and inputs that are current as of the measurement date even in periods of market disruption or illiquidity. The valuation of financial instruments categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy involves the greatest extent of management judgment. (See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 20202021 and Note 4,3, Fair Value Disclosures, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information on the definitions of fair value, Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 and related valuation techniques.)
Level 3 Assets and Liabilities – For information on the composition and activity of our Level 3 assets and Level 3 liabilities, see Note 4,3, Fair Value Disclosures, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Controls Over the Valuation Process for Financial Instruments – Our Independent Price Verification Group, independent of the trading function, plays an important role in determining that our financial instruments are appropriately valued and that fair value measurements are reliable. This is particularly important where prices or valuations that require inputs are less observable. In the event that observable inputs are not available, the control processes are designed to assure that the valuation approach utilized is appropriate and consistently applied and that the assumptions are reasonable. Where a pricing model is used to determine fair value, these control processes include reviews of the pricing model’s theoretical soundness and appropriateness by risk management personnel with relevant expertise who are independent from the trading desks. In addition, recently executed comparable transactions and other observable market data are considered for purposes of validating assumptions underlying the model.
Goodwill
At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, Goodwill recorded in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition is $1,651.7 million (3.2%$1.65 billion (2.9% of total assets). The nature and accounting for goodwill is discussed in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 20202021 and Note 10,9, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Goodwill must be allocated to reporting units and tested for impairment at least annually, or when circumstances or events make it more likely than not that an impairment occurred. Goodwill is tested by comparing the estimated fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying value. Our annual goodwill impairment testing date is August 1, which did not indicate any goodwill impairment in any of our reporting units at August 1, 2020.2021.
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We use allocated tangible equity plus allocated goodwill and intangible assets for the carrying amount of each reporting unit. The amount of tangible equity allocated to a reporting unit is based on our cash capital model deployed in managing our businesses, which seeks to approximate the capital a business would require if it were operating independently. For further information on our Cash Capital Policy, refer to the Liquidity, Financial Condition and Capital Resources section herein. Intangible assets are allocated to a reporting unit based on either specifically identifying a particular intangible asset as pertaining to a reporting unit or, if shared among reporting units, based on an assessment of the reporting unit’s benefit from the intangible asset in order to generate results.
Estimating the fair value of a reporting unit requires management judgment and often involves the use of estimates and assumptions that could have a significant effect on whether or not an impairment charge is recorded and the magnitude of such a charge. Estimated fair values for our reporting units utilize market valuation methods that incorporate price-to-earnings and price-to-book multiples of comparable public companies. Under the market valuation approach, the key assumptions are the selected multiples and our internally developed projections of future profitability, growth and return on equity for each reporting unit. The weight assigned to the multiples requires judgment in qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating the size, profitability and the nature of the business activities of the reporting units as compared to the comparable publicly-traded companies. In addition, as the fair values determined under the market valuation approach represent a noncontrolling interest, we apply a control premium to arrive at the estimate of fair value of each reporting unit on a controlling basis.
The carrying values of goodwill by reporting unit at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 are as follows: $568.0$566.1 million in Investment Banking, $161.3$160.7 million in Equities and Wealth Management, $922.4and $919.2 million in Fixed Income.
The results of our assessment on August 1, 20202021 indicated that all our reporting units had a fair value in excess of their carrying amounts based on current projections. The valuation methodology for our reporting units are sensitive to management’s forecasts of future profitability, which are a significant component of the valuation and come with a level of uncertainty regarding trading volumes and capital market transaction levels.
Refer to Note 10,9, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for further details on goodwill.

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Liquidity, Financial Condition and Capital Resources
Our CFO and Global Treasurer are responsible for developing and implementing our liquidity, funding and capital management strategies. These policies are determined by the nature and needs of our day to day business operations, business opportunities, regulatory obligations, and liquidity requirements.
Our actual levels of capital, total assets and financial leverage are a function of a number of factors, including asset composition, business initiatives and opportunities, regulatory requirements and cost and availability of both long term and short term funding. We have historically maintained a balance sheet consisting of a large portion of our total assets in cash and liquid marketable securities, arising principally from traditional securities brokerage and trading activity. The liquid nature of these assets provides us with flexibility in financing and managing our business.
We maintain modest leverage to support our investment grade ratings. The growth of our balance sheet is supported by our equity and we have quantitative metrics in place to monitor leverage and double leverage. Our capital plan is robust, in order to sustain our operating model through stressed conditions. We maintain adequate financial resources to support business activities in both normal and stressed market conditions, including a buffer in excess of our regulatory, or other internal or external, requirements. Our access to funding and liquidity is stable and efficient to ensure that there is sufficient liquidity to meet our financial obligations in normal and stressed market conditions.
Our Balance Sheet
A business unit level balance sheet and cash capital analysis are prepared and reviewed with senior management on a weekly basis. As a part of this balance sheet review process, capital is allocated to all assets and gross balance sheet limits are adjusted, as necessary. This process ensures that the allocation of capital and costs of capital are incorporated into business decisions. The goals of this process are to protect the firm’s platform, enable our businesses to remain competitive, maintain the ability to manage capital proactively and hold businesses accountable for both balance sheet and capital usage.
We actively monitor and evaluate our financial condition and the composition of our assets and liabilities. We continually monitor our overall securities inventory, including the inventory turnover rate, which confirms the liquidity of our overall assets. Substantially all of our financial instruments are valued on a daily basis and we monitor and employ balance sheet limits for our various businesses.
The following table provides detail on selected balance sheet items (dollars in millions):
February 28,
2022
November 30,
2021
% Change
Total assets$55,899.4 $54,768.9 2.1 %
Cash and cash equivalents6,719.6 8,813.6 (23.8)%
Cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing and depository organizations838.1 1,015.1 (17.4)%
Financial instruments owned21,317.2 19,336.2 10.2 %
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased14,682.7 11,690.8 25.6 %
Total Level 3 assets540.0 336.6 60.4 %
Securities borrowed$7,110.8 $6,409.4 10.9 %
Securities purchased under agreements to resell6,557.2 7,642.5 (14.2)%
Total securities borrowed and securities purchased under agreements to resell$13,668.0 $14,051.9 (2.7)%
Securities loaned$1,808.9 $1,525.7 18.6 %
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase8,933.6 8,446.1 5.8 %
Total securities loaned and securities sold under agreements to repurchase$10,742.5 $9,971.8 7.7 %
Total assets at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021 were $55.90 billion and $54.77 billion, respectively, an increase of 2.1%. On December 1, 2021, Jefferies transferred certain loans and certain investments in securities and limited partnerships to us. In addition, Jefferies transferred its investment in Foursight, a subsidiary of Jefferies, to us. These transfers contributed significantly to the increase in our total assets from November 30, 2021 to February 28, 2022. During the three months ended February 28, 2022, average total assets were approximately 10.0% higher than total assets at February 28, 2022.
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The following table provides detail on selected balance sheet items (dollars in millions):
May 31,
2021
November 30,
2020
% Change
Total assets$52,171.1 $47,752.0 9.3 %
Cash and cash equivalents6,220.9 7,111.9 (12.5)%
Cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing and depository organizations901.4 604.3 49.2 %
Financial instruments owned19,411.7 17,686.1 9.8 %
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased11,957.6 10,017.5 19.4 %
Total Level 3 assets399.3 379.1 5.3 %
Securities borrowed$6,720.7 $6,934.8 (3.1)%
Securities purchased under agreements to resell6,917.2 5,096.8 35.7 %
Total securities borrowed and securities purchased under agreements to resell$13,637.9 $12,031.6 13.4 %
Securities loaned$2,277.4 $1,810.7 25.8 %
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase7,079.3 8,316.3 (14.9)%
Total securities loaned and securities sold under agreements to repurchase$9,356.7 $10,127.0 (7.6)%
Total assets at May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020 were $52.2 billion and $47.8 billion, respectively, an increase of 9.3%. During the three and six months ended May 31, 2021, average total assets were approximately 14.7% and 14.6% higher, respectively, than total assets at May 31, 2021.
Our total Financial instruments owned inventory was $19.4$21.32 billion at May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, an increase of 9.8%10.2%, from $17.7$19.34 billion at November 30, 2020.2021. During the sixthree months ended May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, our total Financial instruments owned inventory increased primarily due to an increase in corporate debt and equity securities, government and federal agency securities and loanssovereign obligations, due to increased U.S. Treasury activity and other receivables, partially offsethigher interest rate volatility. Financial instruments owned also increased due to corporate debt and equity securities and investments at fair value transferred to us by a decrease in sovereign obligations.Jefferies on December 1, 2021. Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased inventory was $12.0$14.68 billion at May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, an increase of 19.4%25.6% from $10.0$11.69 billion at November 30, 2020,2021, with the increase primarily driven by increases in corporate debt and equity securities, loans, sovereign obligations and derivative contracts, partially offset by a decrease in government and federal agency securities.securities and sovereign obligations. Our overall net inventory position was $7.5$6.63 billion and $7.7$7.65 billion at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, respectively, with the decrease primarily due to decreases in sovereign obligations, loans and derivative contracts, partially offset by increases in government and federal agency securities and corporate equity securities. debt securities, partially offset by increases in derivative contracts and investments.
Our Level 3 Financial instruments owned as a percentage of total Financial instruments owned was 2.1%increased to 2.5% at both May 31, 2021 andFebruary 28, 2022 from 1.7% at November 30, 2020.2021. The increase in Level 3 financial instruments owned of $203.4 million is attributed primarily to investments transferred on December 1, 2021 to us from Jefferies, which had a fair value of $173.6 million at February 28, 2022. Approximately 89.9% of the investments transferred to us that are classified as Level 3 financial instruments represent investments now part of our asset management alternative investing activities. The remaining 10.1% of investments pertain to investment banking and our other business and do not reflect an increase in our fixed income and equities capital markets trading inventory.
See Note 1, Organization and Basis of Presentation, and Note 3, Fair Value Disclosures, for further details.
Securities financing assets and liabilities include financing for our financial instruments trading activity, matched book transactions and mortgage finance transactions. Matched book transactions accommodate customers, as well as obtain securities for the settlement and financing of inventory positions. The aggregate outstanding balance of our securities borrowedfinancing assets and securities purchased under agreementsliabilities increase or decrease from period to resell increased by 13.4% from November 30, 2020 to May 31, 2021, due to increasesperiod depending on fluctuations in our matched book transactions and firm financingthe level of our inventory, partially offset by an increase inclient activity and the netting benefit for our collateralized financing transactions. The outstanding balancelevel of our securities loaned and securities sold under agreement to repurchase decreased by 7.6% from November 30, 2020 to May 31, 2021, due to a decrease in the firm financing of our inventory and an increase in the netting benefit for our collateralized financing transactions, partially offset by an increase in our matched book transactions.own trading activity. Our average month end balances of total reverse repos and stock borrows during the three and six months ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 were 38.0% and 36.6%21.5% higher respectively, than the May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 balance. Our average month end balances of total repos and stock loans during the three and six months ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 were 51.5% and 59.6%40.4% higher respectively, than the May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 balance.
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The following table presents our period end balance, average balance and maximum balance at any month end within the periods presented for Securities purchased under agreements to resell and Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (dollars in millions):
Six Months Ended 
May 31,
2021
Year Ended 
November 30,
2020
Three Months Ended 
February 28,
2022
Year Ended 
November 30,
2021
Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell:Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell:Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell:
Period endPeriod end$6,917 $5,097 Period end$6,557 $7,642 
Month end averageMonth end average9,190 8,040 Month end average8,048 9,425 
Maximum month endMaximum month end12,321 12,061 Maximum month end10,095 12,321 
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase:Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase:Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase:
Period endPeriod end$7,079 $8,316 Period end$8,934 $8,446 
Month end averageMonth end average12,142 13,501 Month end average13,115 11,515 
Maximum month endMaximum month end19,207 18,979 Maximum month end17,417 19,207 
Fluctuations in the balance of our repurchase agreements from period to period and intraperiod are dependent on business activity in those periods. Additionally, the fluctuations in the balances of our securities purchased under agreements to resell are influenced in any given period by our clients’ balances and our clients’ desires to execute collateralized financing arrangements via the repurchase market or via other financing products. Average balances and period end balances will fluctuate based on market and liquidity conditions and we consider the fluctuations intraperiod to be typical for the repurchase market.
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Leverage Ratios
The following table presents total assets, total equity, total Jefferies Group LLC member’s equity and tangible Jefferies Group LLC member’s equity with the resulting leverage ratios (dollars in thousands):
May 31,
2021
November 30,
2020
February 28,
2022
November 30,
2021
Total assetsTotal assets$52,171,073 $47,751,997 Total assets$55,899,398 $54,768,900 
Total equityTotal equity$6,687,348 $6,366,132 Total equity$7,767,011 $7,078,608 
Total Jefferies Group LLC member’s equityTotal Jefferies Group LLC member’s equity$6,681,196 $6,348,743 Total Jefferies Group LLC member’s equity$7,754,978 $7,067,484 
Deduct: Goodwill and intangible assetsDeduct: Goodwill and intangible assets(1,805,277)(1,805,376)Deduct: Goodwill and intangible assets(1,789,288)(1,791,500)
Tangible Jefferies Group LLC member’s equityTangible Jefferies Group LLC member’s equity$4,875,919 $4,543,367 Tangible Jefferies Group LLC member’s equity$5,965,690 $5,275,984 
Leverage ratio (1)Leverage ratio (1)7.8 7.5 Leverage ratio (1)7.2 7.7 
Tangible gross leverage ratio (2)Tangible gross leverage ratio (2)10.3 10.1 Tangible gross leverage ratio (2)9.1 10.0 
(1)Leverage ratio equals total assets divided by total equity.
(2)Tangible gross leverage ratio (a non-GAAP financial measure) equals total assets less goodwill and identifiable intangible assets divided by tangible Jefferies Group LLC member’s equity. The tangible gross leverage ratio is used by rating agencies in assessing our leverage ratio.
Liquidity Management
The key objectives of the liquidity management framework are to support the successful execution of our business strategies while ensuring sufficient liquidity through the business cycle and during periods of financial distress. Our liquidity management policies are designed to mitigate the potential risk that we may be unable to access adequate financing to service our financial obligations without material franchise or business impact.
The principal elements of our liquidity management framework are our Contingency Funding Plan, our Cash Capital Policy and our assessment of Modeled Liquidity Outflow (“MLO”).
Contingency Funding Plan. Our Contingency Funding Plan is based on a model of a potential liquidity contraction over a one year time period. This incorporates potential cash outflows during a market or our idiosyncratic liquidity stress event, including, but not limited to, the following:
Repayment of all unsecured debt maturing within one year and no incremental unsecured debt issuance;
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Maturity rolloff of outstanding letters of credit with no further issuance and replacement with cash collateral;
Higher margin requirements than currently exist on assets on securities financing activity, including repurchase agreements;
Liquidity outflows related to possible credit downgrade;
Lower availability of secured funding;
Client cash withdrawals;
The anticipated funding of outstanding investment and loan commitments; and
Certain accrued expenses and other liabilities and fixed costs.
Cash Capital Policy. We maintain a cash capital model that measures long-term funding sources against requirements. Sources of cash capital include our equity and the noncurrent portion of long-term borrowings. Uses of cash capital include the following:
Illiquid assets such as equipment, goodwill, net intangible assets, exchange memberships, deferred tax assets and certain investments;
A portion of securities inventory that is not expected to be financed on a secured basis in a credit stressed environment (i.e., margin requirements); and
Drawdowns of unfunded commitments.
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To ensure that we do not need to liquidate inventory in the event of a funding stress, we seek to maintain surplus cash capital. Our total long-term capital of $13.4$14.93 billion at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 exceeded our cash capital requirements.
MLO. Our businesses are diverse, and our liquidity needs are determined by many factors, including market movements, collateral requirements and client commitments, all of which can change dramatically in a difficult funding environment. During a liquidity stress, credit-sensitive funding, including unsecured debt and some types of secured financing agreements, may be unavailable, and the terms (e.g., interest rates, collateral provisions and tenor) or availability of other types of secured financing may change. As a result of our policy to ensure we have sufficient funds to cover what we estimate may be needed in a liquidity stress, we hold more cash and unencumbered securities and have greater long-term debt balances than our businesses would otherwise require. As part of this estimation process, we calculate an MLO that could be experienced in a liquidity stress. MLO is based on a scenario that includes both a market-wide stress and firm-specific stress, characterized by some or all of the following elements:
Global recession, default by a medium-sized sovereign, low consumer and corporate confidence, and general financial instability.
Severely challenged market environment with material declines in equity markets and widening of credit spreads.
Damaging follow-on impacts to financial institutions leading to the failure of a large bank.
A firm-specific crisis potentially triggered by material losses, reputational damage, litigation, executive departure, and/or a ratings downgrade.
The following are the critical modeling parameters of the MLO:
Liquidity needs over a 30-day scenario.
A two-notch downgrade of our long-term senior unsecured credit ratings.
No support from government funding facilities.
A combination of contractual outflows, such as upcoming maturities of unsecured debt, and contingent outflows (e.g., actions though not contractually required, we may deem necessary in a crisis). We assume that most contingent outflows will occur within the initial days and weeks of a stress.
No diversification benefit across liquidity risks. We assume that liquidity risks are additive.
The calculation of our MLO under the above stresses and modeling parameters considers the following potential contractual and contingent cash and collateral outflows:
All upcoming maturities of unsecured long-term debt, commercial paper, promissory notes and other unsecured funding products assuming we will be unable to issue new unsecured debt or rollover any maturing debt.
Repurchases of our outstanding long-term debt in the ordinary course of business as a market maker.
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A portion of upcoming contractual maturities of secured funding trades due to either the inability to refinance or the ability to refinance only at wider haircuts (i.e., on terms which require us to post additional collateral). Our assumptions reflect, among other factors, the quality of the underlying collateral and counterparty concentration.
Collateral postings to counterparties due to adverse changes in the value of our over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives and other outflows due to trade terminations, collateral substitutions, collateral disputes, collateral calls or termination payments required by a two-notch downgrade in our credit ratings.
Variation margin postings required due to adverse changes in the value of our outstanding exchange-traded derivatives and any increase in initial margin and guarantee fund requirements by derivative clearing houses.
Liquidity outflows associated with our prime services business, including withdrawals of customer credit balances, and a reduction in customer short positions.
Liquidity outflows to clearing banks to ensure timely settlements of cash and securities transactions.
Draws on our unfunded commitments considering, among other things, the type of commitment and counterparty.
Other upcoming large cash outflows, such as tax payments.
Based on the sources and uses of liquidity calculated under the MLO scenarios, we determine, based on a calculated surplus or deficit, additional long-term funding that may be needed versus funding through the repurchase financing market and consider any adjustments that may be necessary to our inventory balances and cash holdings. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, we had sufficient excess liquidity to meet all contingent cash outflows detailed in the MLO. We regularly refine our model to reflect changes in market or economic conditions and our business mix.
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Sources of Liquidity
The following are financial instruments that are cash and cash equivalents or are deemed by management to be generally readily convertible into cash, marginable or accessible for liquidity purposes within a relatively short period of time (dollars in thousands):
May 31, 2021
Average Balance Three Months ended
May 31, 2021 (1)
November 30, 2020February 28, 2022
Average Balance Three Months ended
February 28, 2022 (1)
November 30, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents:Cash and cash equivalents:Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash in banksCash in banks$2,108,019 $3,136,547 $1,979,058 Cash in banks$1,950,784 $3,093,045 $1,888,693 
Money market investments (2)Money market investments (2)4,112,874 2,971,160 5,132,871 Money market investments (2)4,768,864 3,762,995 6,924,871 
Total cash and cash equivalentsTotal cash and cash equivalents6,220,893 6,107,707 7,111,929 Total cash and cash equivalents6,719,648 6,856,040 8,813,564 
Other sources of liquidity:Other sources of liquidity:Other sources of liquidity:
Debt securities owned and securities purchased under agreements to resell (3)Debt securities owned and securities purchased under agreements to resell (3)1,650,901 1,204,579 1,180,410 Debt securities owned and securities purchased under agreements to resell (3)1,376,826 1,520,549 1,621,118 
Other (4)Other (4)387,422 411,235 312,511 Other (4)440,075 536,894 311,641 
Total other sourcesTotal other sources2,038,323 1,615,814 1,492,921 Total other sources1,816,901 2,057,443 1,932,759 
Total cash and cash equivalents and other liquidity sourcesTotal cash and cash equivalents and other liquidity sources$8,259,216 $7,723,521 $8,604,850 Total cash and cash equivalents and other liquidity sources$8,536,549 $8,913,483 $10,746,323 
Total cash and cash equivalents and other liquidity sources as % of Total assetsTotal cash and cash equivalents and other liquidity sources as % of Total assets15.8 %18.0 %Total cash and cash equivalents and other liquidity sources as % of Total assets15.3 %19.6 %
Total cash and cash equivalents and other liquidity sources as % of Total assets less goodwill and intangible assetsTotal cash and cash equivalents and other liquidity sources as % of Total assets less goodwill and intangible assets16.4 %18.7 %Total cash and cash equivalents and other liquidity sources as % of Total assets less goodwill and intangible assets15.8 %20.3 %
(1)Average balances are calculated based on weekly balances.
(2)At May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020, $4,098.0 million2021, $4.75 billion and $5,118.0 million,$6.91 billion, respectively, was invested in U.S. government money funds that invest at least 99.5% of its total assets in cash, securities issued by the U.S. government and U.S. government-sponsored entities and repurchase agreements that are fully collateralized by cash or government securities. The remaining $14.9 million at both May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 20202021 are invested in AAA rated prime money funds. The average balance of U.S. government money funds for the three months ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 was $2,955.0 million.$3.75 billion. 
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(3)Consists of high quality sovereign government securities and reverse repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities and other high quality sovereign government securities; deposits with a central bank within the European Economic Area, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Japan, Switzerland or the U.S.; and securities issued by a designated multilateral development bank and reverse repurchase agreements with underlying collateral comprised of these securities.
(4)Other includes unencumbered inventory representing an estimate of the amount of additional secured financing that could be reasonably expected to be obtained from our Financial instruments owned that are currently not pledged after considering reasonable financing haircuts.
In addition to the cash balances and liquidity pool presented above, the majority of financial instruments (both long and short) in our trading accounts are actively traded and readily marketable. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, we had the ability to readily obtain repurchase financing for 70.8%70.1% of our inventory at haircuts of 10% or less, which reflects the liquidity of our inventory. In addition, as a matter of our policy, all of these assets have internal capital assessed, which is in addition to the funding haircuts provided in the securities finance markets. Additionally, certain of our Financial instruments owned, primarily consisting of bank loans, consumer loans and investments are predominantly funded by long term capital. Under our cash capital policy, we model capital allocation levels that are more stringent than the haircuts used in the market for secured funding; and we maintain surplus capital at these more stringent levels. We continually assess the liquidity of our inventory based on the level at which we could obtain financing in the marketplace for a given asset. Assets are considered to be liquid if financing can be obtained in the repurchase market or the securities lending market at collateral haircut levels of 10% or less.
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The following summarizes our financial instruments by asset class that we consider to be of a liquid nature and the amount of such assets that have not been pledged as collateral at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 20202021 (in thousands):
May 31, 2021November 30, 2020February 28, 2022November 30, 2021
Liquid Financial InstrumentsUnencumbered Liquid Financial Instruments (2)Liquid Financial InstrumentsUnencumbered Liquid Financial Instruments (2)Liquid Financial InstrumentsUnencumbered Liquid Financial Instruments (2)Liquid Financial InstrumentsUnencumbered Liquid Financial Instruments (2)
Corporate equity securitiesCorporate equity securities$2,839,654 $444,428 $2,191,536 $238,129 Corporate equity securities$3,126,673 $480,834 $2,635,956 $347,157 
Corporate debt securitiesCorporate debt securities2,579,263 40,672 2,298,591 50,217 Corporate debt securities2,933,603 38,136 2,943,135 31,935 
U.S. government, agency and municipal securitiesU.S. government, agency and municipal securities4,000,885 400,906 3,336,361 110,586 U.S. government, agency and municipal securities4,298,247 139,104 3,610,885 109,325 
Other sovereign obligationsOther sovereign obligations2,236,240 1,263,841 2,518,928 1,101,272 Other sovereign obligations1,997,961 1,178,684 1,528,100 1,463,968 
Agency mortgage-backed securities (1)Agency mortgage-backed securities (1)1,952,468 — 1,652,743 — Agency mortgage-backed securities (1)2,331,142 — 1,487,165 — 
Loans and other receivablesLoans and other receivables142,948 — 564,112 — Loans and other receivables261,704 — 132,989 — 
TotalTotal$13,751,458 $2,149,847 $12,562,271 $1,500,204 Total$14,949,330 $1,836,758 $12,338,230 $1,952,385 
(1)Consists solely of agency mortgage-backed securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac, Mac”), the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie MaeMae”) and the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae. These securities include pass-through securities, securities backed by adjustable rate mortgages, collateralized mortgage obligations, commercial mortgage-backed securities and interest- and principal-only securities.Mae”).
(2)Unencumbered liquid balances represent assets that can be sold or used as collateral for a loan, but have not been.
Average liquid financial instruments were $15.9 billion and $16.9$16.94 billion for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021, respectively,February 28, 2022, and $16.3$15.91 billion and $21.5$16.23 billion for the three and twelve months ended November 30, 2020,2021, respectively. Average unencumbered liquid financial instruments were $1.7$2.03 billion for both the three and six months ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022, and $1.4$1.97 billion and $1.79 billion for both the three and twelve months ended November 30, 2020.2021, respectively.
In addition to being able to be readily financed at reasonable haircut levels, we estimate that each of the individual securities within each asset class above could be sold into the market and converted into cash within three business days under normal market conditions, assuming that the entire portfolio of a given asset class was not simultaneously liquidated. There are no restrictions on the unencumbered liquid securities, nor have they been pledged as collateral.
Sources of Funding and Capital Resources
Our assets are funded by equity capital, senior debt, securities loaned, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, customer free credit balances, bank loans and other payables.
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Secured Financing
We rely principally on readily available secured funding to finance our inventory of financial instruments. Our ability to support increases in total assets is largely a function of our ability to obtain short and intermediate-term secured funding, primarily through securities financing transactions. We finance a portion of our long inventory and cover some of our short inventory by pledging and borrowing securities in the form of repurchase or reverse repurchase agreements (collectively “repos”), respectively. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, approximately 64.0%66.0% of our cash and noncash repurchase financing activities use collateral that is considered eligible collateral by central clearing corporations. During the sixthree months ended May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, an average of approximately 72.0%68.7% of our cash and noncash repurchase financing activities used collateral that was considered eligible collateral by central clearing corporations. Central clearing corporations are situated between participating members who borrow cash and lend securities (or vice versa); accordingly, repo participants contract with the central clearing corporation and not one another individually. Therefore, counterparty credit risk is borne by the central clearing corporation which mitigates the risk through initial margin demands and variation margin calls from repo participants. The comparatively large proportion of our total repo activity that is eligible for central clearing reflects the high quality and liquid composition of the inventory we carry in our trading books. For those asset classes not eligible for central clearing house financing, we seek to execute our bi-lateral financings on an extended term basis and the tenor of our repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements generally exceeds the expected holding period of the assets we are financing. The weighted average maturity of cash and noncash repurchase agreements for non-clearing corporation eligible funded inventory is approximately nineseven months at May 31, 2021.February 28, 2022.
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Our ability to finance our inventory via central clearinghouses and bi-lateral arrangements is augmented by our ability to draw bank loans on an uncommitted basis under our various banking arrangements. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, short-term borrowings, which must be repaid within one year or less totaled $467.9 million and include bank loans and overdrafts of $61.1 million, borrowings under revolving credit facilities of $400.0 million and floating rate puttable notes totaled $475.8of $6.8 million. Interest under the bank lines is generally at a spread over the federal funds rate. Letters of credit are used in the normal course of business mostly to satisfy various collateral requirements in favor of exchanges in lieu of depositing cash or securities. Average daily short-term borrowings outstanding were $825.2 million and $854.5$392.5 million for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021, respectively.February 28, 2022.
Our short-term borrowings includeunder credit facilities that contain certain covenants that, among other things, require us to maintain a specified level of tangible net worth, require a minimum regulatory net capital requirement for our U.S. broker-dealer, Jefferies LLC, and impose certain restrictions on the future indebtedness of certain of our subsidiaries that are borrowers. Interest is based on rates at spreads over the federal funds rate or other adjusted rates, as defined in the various credit agreements, or at a rate as agreed between the bank and us in reference to the bank’s cost of funding. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, we were in compliance with all covenants under these facilities. Our facilities are with a bank and are included within short-term borrowings at May 31, 2021 were $413.0 million. Interest is based on a rate per annum at spreads over the Federal Funds Rate, as defined in the credit agreements.
Our short-term borrowings at May 31, 2021 also include floating rate puttable notes of $6.8 million and other bank loans of $56.0 million.
In addition, a bank has agreed to make revolving intraday credit advances (“Intraday Credit Facility”) for an aggregate committed amount of $150.0 million. The Intraday Credit Facility is structured so that advances are generally repaid before the end of each business day. However, if an advance is not repaid by the end of any business day, the advance is converted to an overnight loan. Intraday loans accrue interest at a rate of 0.12%. Interest is charged based on the number of minutes in a day the advance is outstanding. Overnight loans are charged interest at the base rate plus 3% on a daily basis. The base rate is the higher of the federal funds rate plus 0.50% or the prime rate in effect at that time. The Intraday Credit Facility contains financial covenants, which include a minimum regulatory net capital requirement for our U.S. broker-dealer, Jefferies LLC. At May 31, 2021, we were in compliance with all debt covenants under the Intraday Credit Facility.facilities.
For additional details on our short-term borrowings, refer to Note 11,10, Short-Term Borrowings, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
In addition to the above financing arrangements, we issue notes backed by eligible collateral under a master repurchase agreement,agreements, which provides an additional financing source for our inventory (our “repurchase agreement financing program”). We also issue notes through SPEs collateralized by auto loans. The notes issued under the programthese programs are presented within Other secured financings in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, the outstanding notes were $3.5totaled $3.55 billion, bear interest at a spreadspreads over the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or as stated in agreements and mature from June 2021March 2022 to April 2023.August 2029.
For additional details on our repurchase agreement financing program,these programs, refer to Note 8,7, Variable Interest Entities, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Total Long-Term Capital
At May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020,2021, we had total long-term capital of $13.4$14.93 billion and $13.0$14.38 billion, respectively, resulting in a long-term debt to equity capital ratio of 1:0.92:1 and 1.05:1.03:1, respectively. See “Equity Capital” herein for further information on our change in total equity. Our total long-term capital base at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 20202021 was as follows (in thousands):
May 31, 2021November 30, 2020February 28, 2022November 30, 2021
Unsecured Long-Term Debt (1)Unsecured Long-Term Debt (1)$6,718,532 $6,655,948 Unsecured Long-Term Debt (1)$7,164,486 $7,303,866 
Total EquityTotal Equity6,687,348 6,366,132 Total Equity7,767,011 7,078,608 
Total Long-Term CapitalTotal Long-Term Capital$13,405,880 $13,022,080 Total Long-Term Capital$14,931,497 $14,382,474 
(1)The amountamounts at May 31,February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021 exclude our secured long-term debt. The amounts at February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2021 also excludes $248.8$12.0 million of our outstanding borrowings under our senior secured revolving credit facility (“Revolving Credit Facility”), $375.0 million of outstanding borrowings under our secured credit facility (“Secured Credit Facility”) and $50.0 million of our secured bank loan.structured notes as these notes mature on June 10, 2022. The amount at November 30, 2020February 28, 2022 also excludes $189.7$2.4 million of our outstanding borrowings under our previous revolving credit facility, which matured in six months ended May 31, 2021, and $50.0 million of our secured bank loan.structured notes as these notes mature on February 9, 2023.
Long-Term Debt
During the sixthree months ended May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, long-term debt increased $496.6decreased by $151.9 million to $7,392.3 million$7.89 billion at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022, as presented in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, primarily due to an increase of $375.0 million from our borrowings under our Secured Credit Facility, approximately $59.5 million of structured notes issuances, net of retirements, a $59.0 million net increase due to our Revolving Credit Facility andfair value changes in instrument specific credit risk on our structured notes partially offset by lossesand decreases on our senior notes associated with interest rate swaps based on their designation as fair value hedges.hedges, partially offset by structured notes issuances, net of retirements, of approximately $71.2 million. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, all of our structured notes contain various interest rate payment terms and are accounted for at fair value, with changes in fair value resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk presented in other comprehensive income and changes in fair value resulting from non-credit components recognized in Principal transactions revenues. The fair value of all of our structured notes at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 was $1,820.0 million.$1.76 billion.
During April 2021, we entered into a Revolving Credit Facility with a group

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At February 28, 2022, our previous revolving credit facility. At May 31, 2021, borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facilityseveral credit facilities classified within Long-term debt in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition amounted to $248.8$958.2 million. Interest on these credit facilities is based on an adjusted LIBOR Rate,rates or other adjusted rates, as defined in the various credit agreement.agreements. The Revolving Credit Facility containscredit facility agreements contain certain covenants that, among other things, requires Jefferies Group LLCrequire us to maintain specified levellevels of tangible net worth and liquidity amounts, and imposesimpose certain restrictions on future indebtedness of and requiresrequire specified levels of regulated capital and cash reserves for certain of our subsidiaries. Throughout the period and at May 31, 2021, no instances of noncompliance with the Revolving Credit Facility covenants occurred and we expect to remain in compliance given our current liquidity and anticipated funding requirements given our business plan and profitability expectations.
During May 2021, we entered into a Secured Credit Facility agreement with a bank under which we have borrowed $375.0 million at May 31, 2021. Interest is based on a rate per annum at spreads over an Adjusted LIBOR Rate, as defined in the credit agreement. The Secured Credit Facility contains certain covenants that, among other things, require Jefferies Group LLC to maintain a specified level of tangible net worth. The covenants also require the borrower to maintain specified leverage amounts and impose certain restrictions on the borrower’s future indebtedness. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, we were in compliance with all debt covenants under the Secured Credit Facility.theses credit facilities.
OneIn addition, one of our subsidiaries has a Loan and Security Agreement with a bank for a term loan with a principal amount of $50.0 million (“Secured Bank Loan”). ThisAt February 28, 2022, borrowings under the Secured Bank Loan amounted to $100.0 million and are also classified within Long-term debt in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition. The Secured Bank Loan matures on September 27, 202113, 2024 and is collateralized by certain trading securities. Interest on the Secured Bank Loan issecurities with an interest rate of 1.25% plus LIBOR. The agreement contains certain covenants that, among other things, restrictrestricts lien or encumbrance upon any of the pledged collateral. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, we were in compliance with all covenants under the Loan and Security Agreement.Secured Bank Loan.
At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, our unsecured long-term debt, which excludes the Revolving Credit Facility and the Secured Bank Loan, has a weighted average maturity of approximately 10.410.5 years.
For further information, see Note 12,11, Long-Term Debt, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Our long-term debt ratings at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 are as follows:
RatingOutlook
Moody’s Investors Service (1)Baa3Baa2PositiveStable
Standard and Poor’sBBBStable
Fitch Ratings (1)BBBStablePositive
(1)On March 15, 2021, Moody’s Investor Service (“Moody’s)January 24, 2022, Fitch Ratings affirmed our rating of Baa3BBB and revised our rating outlook from stable to positive.
At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, the long-term ratings on our principal operating broker-dealers,subsidiaries, Jefferies LLC, and Jefferies International Limited (a broker-dealer in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”)) broker-dealer) and Jefferies GmbH are as follows:
Jefferies LLCJefferies International LimitedJefferies GmbH
RatingOutlookRatingOutlookRatingOutlook
Moody’s (1)Baa2Baa1PositiveStableBaa2Baa1PositiveStableBaa1Stable
Standard and Poor’sBBB+StableBBB+StableBBB+Stable
(1)On March 15, 2021, Moody’s affirmed our ratings of Baa2 and revised our rating outlooks from stable to positive on Jefferies LLC and Jefferies International Limited.
Access to external financing to finance our day to day operations, as well as the cost of that financing, is dependent upon various factors, including our debt ratings. Our current debt ratings are dependent upon many factors, including industry dynamics, operating and economic environment, operating results, operating margins, earnings trend and volatility, balance sheet composition, liquidity and liquidity management, our capital structure, our overall risk management, business diversification and our market share and competitive position in the markets in which we operate. Deterioration in any of these factors could impact our credit ratings. While certain aspects of a credit rating downgrade are quantifiable pursuant to contractual provisions, the impact on our business and trading results in future periods is inherently uncertain and depends on a number of factors, including the magnitude of the downgrade, the behavior of individual clients and future mitigating action taken by us.
In connection with certain over-the-counter derivative contract arrangements and certain other trading arrangements, we may be required to provide additional collateral to counterparties, exchanges and clearing organizations in the event of a credit rating downgrade. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, the amount of additional collateral that could be called by counterparties, exchanges and clearing organizations under the terms of such agreements in the event of a downgrade of our long-term credit rating below investment grade was $120.1$122.2 million. For certain foreign clearing organizations, credit rating is only one of several factors employed in determining collateral that could be called. The above represents management’s best estimate for additional collateral to be called in the event of a credit rating downgrade. The impact of additional collateral requirements is considered in our Contingency Funding Plan and calculation of MLO, as described above.
Equity Capital
As compared to November 30, 2020, the $332.5 million increase to Total Jefferies Group LLC member’s equity at May 31, 2021 is primarily attributed to net earnings, partially offset by net distributions to Jefferies and changes in instrument specific credit risk on structured notes. During the three and six months ended May 31, 2021, we recognized gains due to foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax, of $3.4 million and $14.2 million, respectively, the majority of which is due to our £959.4 million investment in our London subsidiaries at May 31, 2021. The gains or losses resulting from translating foreign currency financial statements into U.S. dollars, net of hedging gains or losses and taxes, if any, are included in Other comprehensive income. For further information on foreign currency translations, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2020.
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Equity Capital
As compared to November 30, 2021, the $687.5 million increase to total Jefferies Group LLC member’s equity at February 28, 2022 is primarily attributed to the capital contribution from Jefferies in connection with Jefferies’ transfer to us of certain loans, certain investments in securities and limited partnerships and the investment in Foursight. Additionally, total Jefferies Group LLC’s member’s equity increased due to Net earnings attributable to Jefferies Group LLC of $341.4 million for the three months ended February 28, 2022. These increases were partially offset by net distributions to Jefferies.
During the sixthree months ended May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, we paid distributions of $400.6$193.0 million to Jefferies, based on our results for the sixthree months ended November 30, 2021. At February 28, 2021. In addition, during the six months ended May 31, 2021, we received a contribution of $153.6 million from Jefferies and paid an additional distribution of $153.6 million to Jefferies. At May 31, 2021,2022, we have accrued a distribution payable of $159.4$170.7 million, based on our results for the three months ended May 31, 2021.February 28, 2022. For further information on the contribution from Jefferies, see “Consolidated Results of Operations—Transfer of Investments from Jefferies” herein.
Net Capital
As a broker-dealer registered with the SEC and a member firmsfirm of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), Jefferies LLC is subject to the Securities and Exchange CommissionSEC Uniform Net Capital Rule (“Rule 15c3-1”), which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital, and has elected to calculate minimum capital requirements using the alternative method permitted by Rule 15c3-1 in calculating net capital. Jefferies LLC, as a dually-registered U.S. broker-dealer and futures commission merchant (“FCM”), is also subject to Rule 1.17 of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), which sets forth minimum financial requirements. The minimum net capital requirement in determining excess net capital for a dually-registered U.S. broker-dealer and FCM is equal to the greater of the requirement under Rule 15c3-1 or CFTC Rule 1.17.
At May 31, 2021, Jefferies LLC’s net capital and excess net capital were as follows (in thousands):
Net CapitalExcess Net Capital
Jefferies LLC$1,518,186 $1,394,465 
FINRA is the designated examining authority for Jefferies LLC and the National Futures Association (“NFA”) is the designated self-regulatory organization for Jefferies LLC as an FCM.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) contains provisions that require the registration of all swap dealers, major swap participants, security-based swap dealers, and/or major security-based swap participants. Jefferies Financial Services, Inc. (“JFSI”), a registered swap dealer, is subject to the CFTC’s regulatory capital requirements and holds regulatory capital in excess of the minimum regulatory requirement. Additionally, JFSI is registered as a security-based swap dealer with the SEC and is subject to the SEC’s security-based swap dealer regulatory rules. Further, JFSI is approved by the SEC as an OTC derivatives dealer, and is subject to compliance with the SEC’s net capital requirements. As a security-based swap dealer and swap dealer, JFSI is subject to the net capital requirements of the SEC, CFTC and the NFA, as a member of the NFA. JFSI is required to maintain minimum net capital, as defined under SEC Rule 18a-1 of not less than the greater of 2% of the risk margin amount, as defined, or $20 million.
At February 28, 2022, Jefferies LLC and JFSI’s net capital and excess net capital were as follows (in thousands):
Net CapitalExcess Net Capital
Jefferies LLC$1,788,293 $1,679,136 
JFSI427,645 407,645 
Certain other U.S. and non-U.S. subsidiaries are subject to capital adequacy requirements as prescribed by the regulatory authorities in their respective jurisdictions, including Jefferies International Limited which is subject to the regulatory supervision and requirements of the Financial Conduct Authority in the U.K. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) was signed into law on July 21, 2010. The Dodd-Frank Act contains provisions that require the registration of all swap dealers, major swap participants, security-based swap dealers, and/or major security-based swap participants. The CFTC has finalized rules establishing capital requirements and financial reporting requirements for CFTC-registered swap dealers not subject to regulation by a banking regulator. These provisions will result in certain of our entities becoming subject to regulatory capital requirements for the first time, namely Jefferies Financial Services, Inc., which registered as a swap dealer with the CFTC during January 2013 and Jefferies Financial Products LLC, which registered during August 2014. Compliance with these rules is required by October 6, 2021.
The regulatory capital requirements referred to above may restrict our ability to withdraw capital from our regulated subsidiaries.
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Other Developments
TheIn February 2022, military conflict escalated between Russia and Ukraine. Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the U.S., the U.K. left, and the European Union governments, among others, have developed coordinated financial and economic sanctions targeting Russia that, in various ways constrain transactions with numerous Russian entities, including major Russian banks, and individuals; transactions in Russian sovereign debt; and investment, trade and financing to, from, or in certain regions of Ukraine. We do not have any operations in Russia or any clients with significant Russian operations and we have minimal market risk related to securities of companies either domiciled or operating in Russia. On February 24, 2022, the Central Bank of Russia suspended all trading on January 31, 2020the Moscow Exchange. Additionally, all foreign clients are banned from selling securities. As a result, we have trades to buy and sell securities that were executed prior to the suspension of trading that are currently unable to be settled. While limited trading for certain securities has resumed as of March 21, 2022, there is no timeline as to when the exchange will be fully operational and the current transition period ended on December 31, 2020. On January 1, 2021, our U.K. broker dealer, Jefferies International Limited, was no longer ablesettlement of all open trades may occur. We continue to provide services to European clients undermonitor the passport regime. We have taken steps to ensure our ability to provide services to our European clients without interruption by establishing a wholly-owned subsidiary in Germany (“Jefferies GmbH”), which is authorizedstatus of trading and regulated in Germany by the Federal Financial Services Authority (“BaFin”). As of January 1, 2021, allcredit risk of our European clients were migratedcounterparties on the unsettled trades. It is not possible to Jefferies GmbH to conduct business across alldetermine whether any loss is probable; however, we believe that any amount of our European investment banking, fixed income and equity platforms. There were no client disruptionsloss or settlement issues experienced after this migration.range of potential loss that could be reasonably estimated is not material.
Central banks and regulators around the world have convened working groups to find, and implement the transition to, suitable replacements for IBORs.Interbank Offered Rates (“IBORs”). The publication of the one-week and two-month U.S. Dollar LIBOR maturities and all non-U.S. Dollar LIBOR maturities ceased immediately after December 31, 2021, and the remaining U.S. Dollar LIBOR maturities will cease immediately after June 30, 2023. We are a counterparty to a number of LIBOR-based contracts, with maturity dates subsequent to 2021, composed primarily of cleared derivative contracts and floating rate notes. Our IBOR transition plan is overseen by a global steering committee and we have an active transition program that focusesfocused on an orderly transition from IBORs to alternative reference rates including internalin accordance with industry transition timelines. A firmwide LIBOR transition policy is in place to limit new agreements that reference U.S. Dollar LIBOR or non-U.S Dollar LIBOR, except as permitted under certain circumstances. We continue to make progress on our transition plan, which is designed to enable operational readiness and robust risk management. Wemanagement and are identifying, assessing and monitoring risk associated with the expected discontinuation of IBORs, which includes taking steps to update operational processes, and models and evaluating legacy contracts for any changes that may be required.required as well as reduce our overall exposure to LIBOR. We are actively engaged with our counterparties to ensure that our contracts adhere to the International Swaps and Derivative Association, Inc. (“ISDA”) fallback protocol or are actively converted to alternative risk-free reference rates and are both educating and assisting our clients with the transition from and cessation of LIBOR.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have contractual commitments arising in the ordinary course of business for securities loaned or purchased under agreements to resell, repurchase agreements, future purchases and sales of foreign currencies, securities transactions on a when-issued basis and underwriting. Each of these financial instruments and activities contains varying degrees of off-balance sheet risk whereby the fair values of the securities underlying the financial instruments may be in excess of, or less than, the contract amount. The settlement of these transactions is not expected to have a material effect upon our consolidated financial statements.
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In the normal course of business, we engage in other off-balance sheet arrangements, including derivative contracts. Neither derivatives’ notional amounts nor underlying instrument values are reflected as assets or liabilities in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Rather, the fair values of derivative contracts are reported in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as Financial instruments owned or Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased as applicable. Derivative contracts are reflected net of cash paid or received pursuant to credit support agreements and are reported on a net by counterparty basis when a legal right of offset exists under an enforceable master netting agreement. For additional information about our accounting policies and our derivative activities, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 20202021 and Note 4,3, Fair Value Disclosures, and Note 5,4, Derivative Financial Instruments, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
We are routinely involved with variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in the normal course of business. At May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, we did not have any commitments to purchase assets from these VIEs. For additional information regarding our involvement with VIEs, see Note 7,6, Securitization Activities, and Note 8,7, Variable Interest Entities, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Due to the uncertainty regarding the timing and amounts that will ultimately be paid, our liability for unrecognized tax benefits has been excluded from the below contractual obligations table. See Note 15,14, Income Taxes, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information for further information.
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For information on our commitments and guarantees, see Note 16,15, Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Contractual Obligations
The table below provides information about our contractual obligations at May 31, 2021.February 28, 2022. The table presents principal cash flows with expected maturity dates (in millions):
Expected Maturity DateExpected Maturity Date
202120222023 
and 
2024
2025 
and 
2026
2027 
and 
Later
Total202220232024 
and 
2025
2026 
and 
2027
2028 
and 
Later
Total
Debt obligations:
Contractual obligations:Contractual obligations:
Unsecured long-term debt (contractual principal payments net of unamortized discounts and premiums) (1)Unsecured long-term debt (contractual principal payments net of unamortized discounts and premiums) (1)$— $11.5 $1,372.7 $59.7 $5,274.6 $6,718.5 Unsecured long-term debt (contractual principal payments net of unamortized discounts and premiums) (1)$12.0 $355.4 $597.8 $1,229.4 $4,984.3 $7,178.9 
Revolving credit facility (1)— — 248.8 — — 248.8 
Secured bank loan (1)50.0 — — — — 50.0 
Secured long-term debt (1)Secured long-term debt (1)— 360.0 349.1 — — 709.1 
Interest payment obligations on long-term debt (2)Interest payment obligations on long-term debt (2)155.0 289.9 487.3 459.9 1,602.5 2,994.6 Interest payment obligations on long-term debt (2)277.2 272.1 519.1 471.8 1,577.5 3,117.7 
TotalTotal$205.0 $301.4 $2,108.8 $519.6 $6,877.1 $10,011.9 Total$289.2 $987.5 $1,466.0 $1,701.2 $6,561.8 $11,005.7 
(1)For additional information on long-term debt, see Note 12,11, Long-Term Debt, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
(2)Amounts based on applicable interest rates at May 31, 2021.February 28, 2022.
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Risk Management
Overview
Risk is an inherent part of our business and activities. The extent to which we properly and effectively identify, assess, monitor and manage each of the various types of risk involved in our activities is critical to our financial soundness, viability and profitability. Accordingly, we have a comprehensive risk management approach, with a formal governance structure and policies outlining frameworks and processes to identify, assess, monitor and manage risk. Principal risks involved in our business activities include market, credit, liquidity and capital, operational, legal and compliance, new business and reputational risk.
Risk management is a multifaceted process that requires communication, judgment and knowledge of financial products and markets. Our risk management process encompasses the active involvement of executive and senior management, and also many departments independent of the revenue-producing business units, including the Risk Management, Operations, Information Technology, Compliance, Legal and Finance Departments. Our risk management policies, procedures and methodologies are flexible in nature and are subject to ongoing review and modification.
In achieving our strategic business objectives, our risk appetite incorporates keeping our clients’ interests at theas top of our priority list and ensuring we are in compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, as well as adhering to the highest ethical standards. We undertake prudent and conservative risk-taking that protects the capital base and franchise, utilizing risk limits and tolerances that avoid outsized risk-taking. We maintain a diversified business mix and avoid significant concentrations to any sector, product, geography, or activity and set quantitative concentration limits to manage this risk. We consider contagion, second order effects and correlation in our risk assessment process and actively seek out value opportunities of all sizes. We manage the risk of opportunities larger than our approved risk levels through risk sharing and risk distribution, sell-down and hedging as appropriate. We have a limited appetite for illiquid assets and complex derivative financial instruments. We maintain the asset quality of our balance sheet through conducting trading activity in liquid markets and generally ensure high turnover of our inventory. We subject less liquid positions and derivative financial instruments to oversightparticular scrutiny and use a wide variety of specific metrics, limits, and constraints to manage these risks. We protect our reputation and franchise, as well as our standing within the market. We operate a federated approach to risk management withand assign risk oversight responsibilities assigned to thosea number of functions with specific areas of the business that have the appropriate knowledge.focus.
For a discussion of liquidity and capital risk management, refer to the “Liquidity, Financial Condition and Capital Resources” section herein.
Governance and Risk Management Structure and Risk Policy Framework
For a discussion of our governance and risk management structure and our risk management framework, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Risk Management” in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2020.2021.
Risk Considerations
We apply a comprehensive framework of limits on a variety of key metrics to constrain the risk profile of our business activities. The size of the limits reflects our risk toleranceappetite for a certain activity under normal business conditions. Key metrics included in our risk management framework include inventory position and exposure limits on a gross and net basis, scenario analysis and stress tests, Value-at-Risk (“VaR”), sensitivities, exposure concentrations, aged inventory, amount of Level 3 assets, counterparty exposure, leverage and cash capital.
Market Risk
Market risk is defined as the risk of loss due to fluctuations in the market value of financial assets and liabilities attributable to changes in market variables.
Our market risk principally arises from interest rate risk, from exposure to changes in the yield curve, the volatility of interest rates, and credit spreads, and from equity price risks from exposure to changes in prices and volatilities of individual equities, equity baskets and equity indices. In addition, commodity price risk results from exposure to the changes in prices and volatilities of individual commodities, commodity baskets and commodity indices, and foreign exchange risk results from changes in foreign currency rates.
Market risk is present in our capital markets business through market making, proprietary trading, underwriting and investing activities includingand is present in our asset management business through investments in Asset Management separately managed accounts and is principally managed by diversifyingdirect investments in funds. Given our involvement in a broad set of financial products and markets, market risk exposures controlling position sizes,are diversified, and establishing economic hedges in related securities or derivatives. Due to imperfections in correlations, gains and losses can occur even for positions that are economically hedged. Position limits in trading and inventory accounts are established and monitored on an ongoing basis. Each day, consolidated position and exposure reports are prepared and distributed to various levels of management, which enable management to monitor inventory levels and the results of our trading businesses.as appropriate.

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Market risk is monitored and managed through a set of key risk metrics such as VaR, stress scenarios, risk sensitivities and position exposures. Limits are set on the key risk metrics to monitor and control the risk exposure ensuring that it is in line with our risk appetite. Our risk appetite, including the market risk limits, is periodically reviewed to reflect business strategy and market environment. Through risk reporting, material risk changes, current top/emerging risks, and limit utilizations including the breaches are highlighted and escalated as necessary.
Trading is principally managed through front office trader mandates, where each trader is provided a specific mandate in line with our product registry. Mandates set out the activities, currencies, countries and products that the desk is permitted to trade in and set the limits applicable to the desk. Traders are responsible for knowing their trading limits and trading in a manner consistent with their mandate.
VaR
VaR is a statistical estimate of the potential loss from adverse market movements over a specified time horizon within a specified probability (confidence level). It provides a common risk measure across financial instruments, markets and asset classes. We estimate VaR using a model that simulates revenue and loss distributions on our trading portfolios by applying historical market changes to the current portfolio. We calculate a one-day VaR using a one year look-back period measured at a 95% confidence level.
As with all measures of VaR, our estimate has inherent limitations due to the assumption that historical changes in market conditions are representative of the future. Furthermore, the VaR model measures the risk of a current static position over a one-day horizon and might not capture the market risk over a longer time horizon where moves may be more extreme. Previous changes in market risk factors may not generate accurate predictions of future market movements. While we believe the assumptions and inputs in our risk model are reasonable, we could incur losses greater than the reported VaR. Consequently, this VaR estimate is only one of a number of tools we use in our daily risk management activities.
There was a modest decrease in our averageThe table below shows firmwide daily VaR to $15.77 million for the three months ended May 31, 2021 from $16.02 million for the three months ended February 28, 2021. The decrease was primarily driven by lower interest rate and credit spread VaR as the volatile period in 2020 driven by the impact of COVID-19 continued to drop from the one year look-back period. This decrease was partially offset by higher equity price VaR driven by longer beta positioning in our Asset Management business during the three months ended May 31, 2021.
The following table illustrates each separate component of VaR for each component of market risk by interest rate and credit spreads, equity, currency and commodity products as well as for our overall trading positions using the past 365 days of historical data (in millions):
Daily VaR (1)
Value-at-Risk in Trading Portfolios
Daily Firmwide VaR (1)
VaR at May 31, 2021VaR at February 28, 2021VaR at February 28, 2022VaR at November 30, 2021
Daily VaR for the Three Months Ended May 31, 2021Daily VaR for the Three Months Ended February 28, 2021Daily VaR for the Three Months Ended February 28, 2022Daily VaR for the Three Months Ended November 30, 2021
Risk CategoriesRisk CategoriesAverageHighLowAverageHighLowRisk CategoriesAverageHighLowAverageHighLow
Interest Rates and Credit
Spreads
Interest Rates and Credit
Spreads
$4.06 $5.08 $10.77 $3.21 $10.35 $8.58 $11.15 $5.83 Interest Rates and Credit
Spreads
$4.73 $5.02 $5.71 $4.17 $4.60 $4.28 $5.39 $3.38 
Equity PricesEquity Prices15.53 14.83 18.98 10.57 11.36 10.90 15.71 6.17 Equity Prices8.38 10.16 15.75 7.39 9.85 9.25 11.39 6.44 
Currency RatesCurrency Rates0.06 0.14 0.31 0.06 0.31 0.19 0.31 0.11 Currency Rates0.04 0.15 0.34 0.03 0.12 0.06 0.12 0.03 
Commodity PricesCommodity Prices0.43 0.55 0.77 0.37 0.72 0.42 0.75 0.16 Commodity Prices0.45 0.25 0.56 0.12 0.15 0.23 0.45 0.13 
Diversification Effect (2)Diversification Effect (2)(3.60)(4.83)N/AN/A(6.61)(4.07)N/AN/ADiversification Effect (2)(3.16)(3.46)N/AN/A(2.06)(3.68)N/AN/A
Firmwide$16.48 $15.77 $20.30 $12.37 $16.13 $16.02 $22.91 $6.94 
Firmwide VaR (3)Firmwide VaR (3)$10.44 $12.12 $15.04 $9.31 $12.66 $10.14 $12.77 $7.01 
(1)For the firmwide VaR numbers reported above, a one-day time horizon, with a one year look-back period, and a 95% confidence level were used.
(2)The diversification effect is not applicable for the maximum and minimum VaR values as the firmwide VaR and the VaR values for the four risk categories might have occurred on different days during the period.
(3)The aggregated VaR presented here is less than the sum of the individual components (i.e., interest rate risk, foreign exchange rate risk, equity risk and commodity price risk) due to the benefit of diversification among the four risk categories. Diversification benefit equals the difference between aggregated VaR and the sum of VaRs for the four risk categories and arises because the market risk categories are not perfectly correlated.

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The primary method usedtable below shows VaR for our capital markets trading activities, which excludes the impact on VaR for each component of market risk from our asset management activities by interest rate and credit spreads, equity, currency and commodity products using the past 365 days of historical data (in millions):
Daily Capital Markets VaR (1)
VaR at February 28, 2022VaR at November 30, 2021
Daily VaR for the Three Months Ended February 28, 2022Daily VaR for the Three Months Ended November 30, 2021
Risk CategoriesAverageHighLowAverageHighLow
Interest Rates and Credit
   Spreads
$4.58 $5.07 $6.07 $4.24 $4.63 $4.29 $5.27 $3.34 
Equity Prices6.13 8.45 12.41 6.07 5.20 4.63 5.31 3.90 
Currency Rates0.04 0.13 0.29 0.02 0.07 0.04 0.08 0.02 
Commodity Prices0.01 0.03 0.56 — 0.01 0.01 0.17 — 
Diversification Effect (2)(2.28)(4.25)N/AN/A(2.21)(2.30)N/AN/A
Capital Markets VaR (3)$8.48 $9.43 $11.55 $7.67 $7.70 $6.67 $8.01 $5.23 
(1)For the capital markets VaR numbers reported above, a one-day time horizon, with a one year look-back period, and a 95% confidence level were used.
(2)The diversification effect is not applicable for the maximum and minimum VaR values as the capital markets VaR and the VaR values for the four risk categories might have occurred on different days during the period.
(3)The aggregated VaR presented here is less than the sum of the individual components (i.e., interest rate risk, foreign exchange rate risk, equity risk and commodity price risk) due to test the benefit of diversification among the four risk categories. Diversification benefit equals the difference between aggregated VaR and the sum of VaRs for the four risk categories and arises because the market risk categories are not perfectly correlated.
Our average daily firmwide VaR increased to $12.12 million for the three months ended February 28, 2022 from $10.14 million for the three months ended November 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to higher market volatility across asset classes. Equity price VaR was higher driven by a modest increase in exposure over the averaging period and due to the impact of market volatility. The increase in interest rates and credit spreads VaR was driven by elevated volatility.
The efficacy of the VaR model is to comparetested by comparing our actual daily net revenuerevenues for those positions included in our VaR calculation with the daily VaR estimate. This evaluation is performed at various levels, of the trading portfolio, from the overall level down to specific business lines. For the VaR model, trading related revenue is defined as principal transactions revenues, trading related commissions, revenue from securitization activities and net interest income. VaR backtesting methodologies differ for regulated entities with approved capital models.
For a 95% confidence one day VaR model (i.e., no intra-day trading), assuming current changes in market value are consistent with the historical changes used in the calculation, net trading losses would not be expected to exceed the VaR estimates more than twelve times on an annual basis (i.e., once in every 20 days). During the three months ended May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, results of the evaluation at the aggregate level demonstrated threeno days when the net trading loss exceeded the 95% one day VaR due to our asset management and equity businesses.


VaR.
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The chart below reflectsshows our daily firmwide VaR and capital markets VaR over the last four quarters. TheVaR increases at various points from August 2020March 2021 through mid-Januaryearly June 2021 were driven by increases in equity exposure. VaR trended lower from June 2021 through most of the high historical volatility observed throughoutfourth quarter of 2021 due to position reductions and as the initial periodremaining volatile days from 2020 dropped out of the time series. The uptick in 2020VaR towards the end of 2021 until early January 2022 was driven by the impact of COVID-19.increased equity exposure. The lower trenddrop in VaR from January 2021 to the end of February 20212022 was driven by exposure reductions. Equity exposure increased at various pointsreductions in the current year quarter, which was offset as the highly volatile period in 2020response to market volatility driven by the impactinflation, rate hike expectations and Russia’s invasion of COVID-19 dropped out of the one year look-back period.Ukraine.
jef-20210531_g1.jpgjef-20220228_g1.jpg
Daily Net Trading Revenue
There were 20eight days with firmwide trading losses out of a total of 6461 trading days in the three months ended May 31, 2021. The loss days during the three months ended May 31, 2021 were primarily driven by SPAC-related activity, certain block positions and certain funds in our Asset Management business.February 28, 2022. The histogram below presents the distribution of our actual daily net trading revenue for substantially all of our trading activities for the three months ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 (in millions).

jef-20210531_g2.jpgjef-20220228_g2.jpg
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Other Risk Measures
CertainSensitivity analysis is viewed as the most appropriate measure of risks for certain positions within financial instruments and therefore such positions are not included in the VaR model because VaR is not the most appropriate measure of risk.model. Accordingly, Risk Management has additional procedures in place to assure that the level of potential loss that would arise from market movements are within acceptable levels. Such procedures include performing stress tests monitoring concentration risk and tracking price target/stopprofit and loss levels.analysis. The table below presents the potential reduction in net income associated with a 10% stress of the fair value of the positions that are not included in the VaR model at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 (in thousands):
10% Sensitivity
Investment in funds (1)$90,021115,941 
Private investments14,24933,271 
Corporate debt securities in default11,9558,097 
Trade claims5,1802,181 
(1)Includes investments in hedge funds, fund of funds and private equity funds. For additional details on these investments refer to “Investments at Fair Value” within Note 4,3, Fair Value Disclosures, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
The impact of changes in our own credit spreads on our structured notes for which the fair value option was elected is not included in VaR. The estimated credit spread risk sensitivity for each one basis point widening in our own credit spreads on financial liabilities for which the fair value option was elected was an increase in value of approximately $1.7$1.4 million at May 31, 2021,February 28, 2022, which is included in other comprehensive income.
Stress Tests and Scenario Analysis
Stress tests are used to analyze the potential impact of specific events or extreme market moves on the current portfolio both firm-widefirmwide and within business segments. Stress testing is an important part of our risk management approach because it allows us to quantify our exposure to tail risks, highlight potential loss concentrations, undertake risk/reward analysis, set risk controls and overall assess and mitigate our risk.
We employ a range of stress scenarios, which comprise both historical market price and rate changes and hypothetical market environments, and generally involve simultaneous changes of many risk factors. Indicative market changes in the scenarios include, but are not limited to, a large widening of credit spreads, a substantial decline in equities markets, significant moves in selected emerging markets, large moves in interest rates and changes in the shape of the yield curve.
Unlike our VaR, which measures potential losses within a given confidence interval, stress scenarios do not have an associated implied probability. Rather, stress testing is used to estimate the potential loss from market moves that tend to be larger than those embedded in the VaR calculation. Stress testing complements VaR to cover for potential limitations of VaR such as the breakdown in correlations, non-linear risks, tail risk and extreme events and capturing market moves beyond the confidence levels assumed in the VaR calculations.
Stress testing is performed and reported at least weekly as part of our risk management process and on an ad hoc basis in response to market events or concerns. Current stress tests provide estimated revenue and loss of the current portfolio through a range of both historical and hypothetical events. The stress scenarios are reviewed and assessed at least annually so that they remain relevant and up to date with market developments. Additional hypothetical scenarios are also conducted on a sub-portfolio basis to assess the impact of any relevant idiosyncratic stress events as needed.
Counterparty Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk of loss due to adverse changes in a counterparty’s credit worthiness or its ability or willingness to meet its financial obligations in accordance with the terms and conditions of a financial contract.
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We are exposed to credit risk as a trading counterparty to other broker-dealers and customers, as a counterparty to derivative contracts, as a direct lender and through extending loan commitments as a holder of securitiesand providing securities-based lending and as a member of exchanges and clearing organizations. Credit exposure exists across a wide-range of products, including cash and cash equivalents, loans, securities finance transactions and over-the-counter derivative contracts. The main sources of credit risk are:
Loans and lending arising in connection with our investment banking and capital markets activities, which reflects our exposure at risk on a default event with no recovery of loans. Current exposure represents loans that have been drawn by the borrower and lending commitments that are outstanding. In addition, credit exposures on forward settling traded loans are included within our loans and lending exposures for consistency with the balance sheet categorization of these items. Loans and lending also arise in connection with our portion of a Secured Revolving Credit Facility that is with us and Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, to be funded equally, to support loan underwritings by Jefferies Finance. For further information on this facility, refer to Note 9,8, Investments, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition, we have loans outstanding to certain of our officers and employees (none of whom are executive officers or directors). For further information on these employee loans, refer to Note 19,18, Related Party Transactions, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Securities and margin financing transactions, which reflect our credit exposure arising from reverse repurchase agreements, repurchase agreements and securities lending agreements to the extent the fair value of the underlying collateral differs from the contractual agreement amount and from margin provided to customers.
OTC derivatives, which are reported net by counterparty when a legal right of setoff exists under an enforceable master netting agreement. OTC derivative exposure is based on a contract at fair value, net of cash collateral received or posted under credit support agreements. In addition, credit exposures on forward settling trades are included within our derivative credit exposures.
Cash and cash equivalents, which includes both interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing deposits at banks.
Credit is extended to counterparties in a controlled manner and in order to generate acceptable returns, whether such credit is granted directly or is incidental to a transaction. All extensions of credit are monitored and managed as a whole to limit exposure to loss related to credit risk. Credit risk is managed according to the Credit Risk Management Policy, which sets out the process for identifying counterparty credit risk, establishing counterparty limits, and managing and monitoring credit limits. The policy includes our approach for:
Client on-boarding and approving counterparty credit limits;
Negotiating, approving and monitoring credit terms in legal and master documentation;
Determining the analytical standards and risk parameters for ongoing management and monitoring credit risk books;
Actively managing daily exposure, exceptions and breaches; and
Monitoring daily margin call activity and counterparty performance.
Counterparty credit exposure limits are granted within our credit ratings framework, as detailed in the Credit Risk Management Policy. The Credit Risk Department assesses counterparty credit risk and sets credit limits at the counterparty master agreement level. Limits must be approved by appropriate credit officers and initiated in our credit and trading systems before trading commences. All credit exposures are reviewed against approved limits on a daily basis.
Our Secured Revolving Credit Facility, which supports loan underwritings by Jefferies Finance, is governed under separate policies other than the Credit Risk Management Policy and is approved by our Board of Directors.Board. The loans outstanding to certain of our officers and employees are extended pursuant to a review by our most senior management.
Current counterparty credit exposures at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 20202021 are summarized in the tables below and provided by credit quality, region and industry (in millions). Credit exposures presented take netting and collateral into consideration by counterparty and master agreement. Collateral taken into consideration includes both collateral received as cash as well as collateral received in the form of securities or other arrangements. Current exposure is the loss that would be incurred on a particular set of positions in the event of default by the counterparty, assuming no recovery. Current exposure equals the fair value of the positions less collateral. Issuer risk is the credit risk arising from inventory positions (for example, corporate debt securities and secondary bank loans). Issuer risk is included in our country risk exposure tables below.

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Counterparty Credit Exposure by Credit Rating
Loans and LendingSecurities and Margin
Finance
OTC DerivativesTotalCash and
Cash Equivalents
Total with Cash and
Cash Equivalents
Loans and LendingSecurities and Margin
Finance
OTC DerivativesTotalCash and
Cash Equivalents
Total with Cash and
Cash Equivalents
AtAtAtAtAtAtAtAtAtAtAtAt
May
31,
2021
November
30,
2020
May
31,
2021
November
30,
2020
May
31,
2021
November
30,
2020
May
31,
2021
November
30,
2020
May
31,
2021
November
30,
2020
May
31,
2021
November
30,
2020
February
28,
2022
November
30,
2021
February
28,
2022
November
30,
2021
February
28,
2022
November
30,
2021
February
28,
2022
November
30,
2021
February
28,
2022
November
30,
2021
February
28,
2022
November
30,
2021
AAA RangeAAA Range$— $— $— $1.1 $— $0.1 $— $1.2 $4,112.9 $5,132.9 $4,112.9 $5,134.1 AAA Range$— $— $1.4 $0.8 $— $— $1.4 $0.8 $4,768.9 $6,924.9 $4,770.3 $6,925.7 
AA RangeAA Range60.0 45.2 104.5 111.7 32.9 9.8 197.4 166.7 14.4 7.8 211.8 174.5 AA Range60.0 60.0 90.2 111.7 19.1 13.0 169.3 184.7 5.6 5.1 174.9 189.8 
A RangeA Range0.4 0.2 621.5 542.2 178.0 147.2 799.9 689.6 2,092.1 1,967.9 2,892.0 2,657.5 A Range0.6 0.4 541.4 530.4 314.2 338.0 856.2 868.8 1,934.7 1,869.4 2,790.9 2,738.2 
BBB RangeBBB Range279.6 250.5 129.1 110.2 16.0 18.1 424.7 378.8 1.4 2.2 426.1 381.0 BBB Range250.1 250.3 175.6 170.9 32.9 37.2 458.6 458.4 0.8 0.8 459.4 459.2 
BB or LowerBB or Lower50.0 50.0 7.2 8.3 134.3 201.6 191.5 259.9 0.1 0.1 191.6 260.0 BB or Lower40.8 40.0 9.6 11.4 41.2 71.0 91.6 122.4 0.1 0.1 91.7 122.5 
UnratedUnrated141.0 142.0 — — — 0.2 141.0 142.2 — 1.0 141.0 143.2 Unrated155.2 164.2 — — — — 155.2 164.2 9.5 13.3 164.7 177.5 
TotalTotal$531.0 $487.9 $862.3 $773.5 $361.2 $377.0 $1,754.5 $1,638.4 $6,220.9 $7,111.9 $7,975.4 $8,750.3 Total$506.7 $514.9 $818.2 $825.2 $407.4 $459.2 $1,732.3 $1,799.3 $6,719.6 $8,813.6 $8,451.9 $10,612.9 
Counterparty Credit Exposure by RegionCounterparty Credit Exposure by RegionCounterparty Credit Exposure by Region
Loans and LendingSecurities and Margin
Finance
OTC DerivativesTotalCash and
Cash Equivalents
Total with Cash and
Cash Equivalents
Loans and LendingSecurities and Margin
Finance
OTC DerivativesTotalCash and
Cash Equivalents
Total with Cash and
Cash Equivalents
AtAtAtAtAtAtAtAtAtAtAtAt
May
31,
2021
November
30,
2020
May
31,
2021
November
30,
2020
May
31,
2021
November
30,
2020
May
31,
2021
November
30,
2020
May
31,
2021
November
30,
2020
May
31,
2021
November
30,
2020
February
28,
2022
November
30,
2021
February
28,
2022
November
30,
2021
February
28,
2022
November
30,
2021
February
28,
2022
November
30,
2021
February
28,
2022
November
30,
2021
February
28,
2022
November
30,
2021
Asia/Latin America/OtherAsia/Latin America/Other$15.0 $15.0 $93.5 $72.6 $8.6 $6.9 $117.1 $94.5 $266.6 $248.4 $383.7 $342.9 Asia/Latin America/Other$15.8 $14.9 $68.3 $63.7 $3.7 $0.9 $87.8 $79.5 $227.3 $268.1 $315.1 $347.6 
EuropeEurope0.2 0.1 324.4 313.0 33.7 42.5 358.3 355.6 245.2 96.4 603.5 452.0 Europe0.4 0.3 249.3 300.8 51.5 66.4 301.2 367.5 71.5 57.0 372.7 424.5 
North AmericaNorth America515.8 472.8 444.4 387.9 318.9 327.6 1,279.1 1,188.3 5,709.1 6,767.1 6,988.2 7,955.4 North America490.5 499.7 500.6 460.7 352.2 391.9 1,343.3 1,352.3 6,420.8 8,488.5 7,764.1 9,840.8 
TotalTotal$531.0 $487.9 $862.3 $773.5 $361.2 $377.0 $1,754.5 $1,638.4 $6,220.9 $7,111.9 $7,975.4 $8,750.3 Total$506.7 $514.9 $818.2 $825.2 $407.4 $459.2 $1,732.3 $1,799.3 $6,719.6 $8,813.6 $8,451.9 $10,612.9 
Counterparty Credit Exposure by IndustryCounterparty Credit Exposure by IndustryCounterparty Credit Exposure by Industry
Loans and LendingSecurities and Margin
Finance
OTC DerivativesTotalCash and
Cash Equivalents
Total with Cash and
Cash Equivalents
Loans and LendingSecurities and Margin
Finance
OTC DerivativesTotalCash and
Cash Equivalents
Total with Cash and
Cash Equivalents
AtAtAtAtAtAtAtAtAtAtAtAt
May
31,
2021
November
30,
2020
May
31,
2021
November
30,
2020
May
31,
2021
November
30,
2020
May
31,
2021
November
30,
2020
May
31,
2021
November
30,
2020
May
31,
2021
November
30,
2020
February
28,
2022
November
30,
2021
February
28,
2022
November
30,
2021
February
28,
2022
November
30,
2021
February
28,
2022
November
30,
2021
February
28,
2022
November
30,
2021
February
28,
2022
November
30,
2021
Asset ManagersAsset Managers$— $0.2 $— $— $— $— $— $0.2 $4,112.9 $5,132.9 $4,112.9 $5,133.1 Asset Managers$— $— $— $— $9.3 $— $9.3 $— $4,768.8 $6,924.9 $4,778.1 $6,924.9 
Banks, Broker-dealersBanks, Broker-dealers280.0 250.7 656.5 558.6 226.7 178.8 1,163.2 988.1 2,108.0 1,979.0 3,271.2 2,967.1 Banks, Broker-dealers250.7 250.7 558.7 602.9 357.3 388.9 1,166.7 1,242.5 1,950.8 1,888.7 3,117.5 3,131.2 
CorporatesCorporates150.0 132.7 — — 128.7 183.9 278.7 316.6 — — 278.7 316.6 Corporates157.4 158.2 — — 34.9 68.0 192.3 226.2 — — 192.3 226.2 
As Agent BanksAs Agent Banks— — 184.1 190.0 — — 184.1 190.0 — — 184.1 190.0 As Agent Banks— — 210.1 185.2 — — 210.1 185.2 — — 210.1 185.2 
OtherOther101.0 104.3 21.7 24.9 5.8 14.3 128.5 143.5 — — 128.5 143.5 Other98.6 106.0 49.4 37.1 5.9 2.3 153.9 145.4 — — 153.9 145.4 
TotalTotal$531.0 $487.9 $862.3 $773.5 $361.2 $377.0 $1,754.5 $1,638.4 $6,220.9 $7,111.9 $7,975.4 $8,750.3 Total$506.7 $514.9 $818.2 $825.2 $407.4 $459.2 $1,732.3 $1,799.3 $6,719.6 $8,813.6 $8,451.9 $10,612.9 
For additional information regarding credit exposure to OTC derivative contracts, refer to Note 5,4, Derivative Financial Instruments, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Country Risk Exposure
Country risk is the risk that events or developments that occur in the general environment of a country or countries due to economic, political, social, regulatory, legal or other factors, will affect the ability of obligors of the country to honor their obligations. We define the country of risk as the country of jurisdiction or domicile of the obligor, and monitor country risk resulting from both trading positions and counterparty exposure, which may not include the offsetting benefit of any financial instruments utilized to manage market risk. The following tables reflect our top exposure at May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 20202021 to the sovereign governments, corporations and financial institutions in those non- U.S.non-U.S. countries in which we have a net long issuer and counterparty exposure (in millions):
May 31, 2021February 28, 2022
Issuer RiskCounterparty RiskIssuer and Counterparty RiskIssuer RiskCounterparty RiskIssuer and Counterparty Risk
Fair Value of
Long Debt
Securities
Fair Value of
Short Debt
Securities
Net Derivative
Notional
Exposure
Loans and
Lending
Securities and
Margin Finance
OTC
Derivatives
Cash and
Cash
Equivalents
Excluding Cash
and Cash
Equivalents
Including Cash
and Cash
Equivalents
Fair Value of
Long Debt
Securities
Fair Value of
Short Debt
Securities
Net Derivative
Notional
Exposure
Loans and
Lending
Securities and
Margin Finance
OTC
Derivatives
Cash and
Cash
Equivalents
Excluding Cash
and Cash
Equivalents
Including Cash
and Cash
Equivalents
CanadaCanada$169.3 $(95.3)$11.5 $— $54.0 $247.3 $2.0 $386.8 $388.8 
NetherlandsNetherlands351.0 (183.2)(0.6)— 0.1 0.5 1.1 167.8 168.9 
GermanyGermany379.7 (313.5)7.0 — 56.7 1.6 30.0 131.5 161.5 
Hong KongHong Kong37.6 (40.3)— — — — 163.3 (2.7)160.6 
United
Kingdom
United
Kingdom
$484.1 $(246.1)$(86.0)$0.2 $68.4 $2.1 $194.5 $222.7 $417.2 United Kingdom490.5 (418.8)(13.3)0.4 20.8 20.1 35.5 99.7 135.2 
Germany493.3 (321.1)122.0 — 61.0 13.5 42.5 368.7 411.2 
Canada148.7 (94.5)1.1 — 48.0 142.5 6.8 245.8 252.6 
Hong Kong37.8 (16.3)— — 1.1 — 173.0 22.6 195.6 
ChinaChina522.0 (339.9)(27.2)— — — — 154.9 154.9 China385.1 (243.9)(17.4)— — — — 123.8 123.8 
Ireland140.6 (6.3)(0.3)— — — — 134.0 134.0 
Switzerland135.1 (58.6)2.3 — 33.0 7.6 1.8 119.4 121.2 
JapanJapan188.0 (96.5)(1.8)— 10.8 — 19.3 100.5 119.8 
AustraliaAustralia202.8 (155.8)(3.5)— 38.1 — 2.0 81.6 83.6 
AustriaAustria171.3 (56.4)— — — — — 114.9 114.9 Austria90.5 (33.8)0.6 — — — — 57.3 57.3 
Netherlands393.9 (337.5)— — 4.1 0.3 0.1 60.8 60.9 
Italy1,009.6 (813.0)(137.5)— — 0.1 0.7 59.2 59.9 
IndiaIndia31.9 (15.2)0.1 — — — 34.1 16.8 50.9 
TotalTotal$3,536.4 $(2,289.7)$(125.6)$0.2 $215.6 $166.1 $419.4 $1,503.0 $1,922.4 Total$2,326.4 $(1,596.3)$(17.4)$0.4 $180.5 $269.5 $287.3 $1,163.1 $1,450.4 
November 30, 2020
Issuer RiskCounterparty RiskIssuer and Counterparty Risk
Fair Value of Long Debt SecuritiesFair Value of Short Debt SecuritiesNet Derivative Notional ExposureLoans and LendingSecurities and Margin FinanceOTC DerivativesCash and Cash EquivalentsExcluding Cash and Cash EquivalentsIncluding Cash and Cash Equivalents
Italy$1,929.5 $(921.6)$(618.9)$— $— $0.1 $— $389.1 $389.1 
United
   Kingdom
464.0 (235.8)(46.7)0.1 67.4 5.2 64.8 254.2 319.0 
France357.3 (290.9)48.3 — 140.8 24.3 — 279.8 279.8 
Germany470.7 (352.7)40.2 — 63.1 11.3 26.7 232.6 259.3 
Australia32.7 (17.8)173.9 — 24.9 — 12.8 213.7 226.5 
Hong Kong35.2 (11.8)0.7 — 0.1 — 157.4 24.2 181.6 
Canada417.3 (326.8)1.3 — 20.4 64.3 2.1 176.5 178.6 
Austria151.2 (73.6)— — — — — 77.6 77.6 
India50.9 (6.7)— — — — 24.3 44.2 68.5 
Switzerland104.0 (72.2)2.9 — 31.6 1.3 0.4 67.6 68.0 
Total$4,012.8 $(2,309.9)$(398.3)$0.1 $348.3 $106.5 $288.5 $1,759.5 $2,048.0 
We have no material exposure to countries where either sovereign or non-sovereign sectors pose potential default risk as the result of liquidity concerns.
November 30, 2021
Issuer RiskCounterparty RiskIssuer and Counterparty Risk
Fair Value of Long Debt SecuritiesFair Value of Short Debt SecuritiesNet Derivative Notional ExposureLoans and LendingSecurities and Margin FinanceOTC DerivativesCash and Cash EquivalentsExcluding Cash and Cash EquivalentsIncluding Cash and Cash Equivalents
Canada$196.4 $(94.2)$1.3 $— $63.1 $259.5 $1.7 $426.1 $427.8 
United Kingdom570.6 (350.1)(1.4)0.3 68.9 24.9 26.7 313.2 339.9 
Hong Kong27.9 (18.3)(1.8)— 2.5 — 160.6 10.3 170.9 
Japan247.3 (205.4)(3.1)— 18.3 0.1 51.4 57.2 108.6 
Spain191.4 (111.8)(0.1)— 25.3 0.3 — 105.1 105.1 
Australia134.1 (78.5)0.6 — 25.5 — 7.5 81.7 89.2 
Netherlands220.2 (142.0)0.7 — 3.9 0.1 1.3 82.9 84.2 
Switzerland97.3 (67.6)3.5 — 40.3 2.5 2.7 76.0 78.7 
France210.7 (201.7)(59.5)— 99.6 26.9 — 76.0 76.0 
China458.4 (356.9)(34.1)— — — — 67.4 67.4 
Total$2,354.3 $(1,626.5)$(93.9)$0.3 $347.4 $314.3 $251.9 $1,295.9 $1,547.8 
Operational Risk
Operational risk refers tois the risk of lossfinancial or non-financial impact, resulting from our operations, including, but not limited to, improperinadequate or unauthorized execution and processing of transactions, deficiencies in our operating systems, business disruptions and inadequacies or breaches in our internal control processes. Our businesses are highly dependent on our ability to process, on a daily basis, a large number of transactions across numerous and diverse markets in many currencies. In addition, the transactions we process have become increasingly complex. If our financial, accounting or other data processing systems do not operate properly or are disabled or if there are other shortcomings or failures in ourfailed internal processes, people and systems or systems, we could suffer an impairmentfrom external events. We interpret this definition as including not only financial loss or gain but also other negative impacts to our liquidity, financial loss, a disruption ofobjectives such as reputational impact, legal/regulatory impact and impact on our businesses, liability to clients, regulatory intervention or reputational damage.
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These systems may fail to operate properly or become disabledclients. Third-party risk is also included as a resultsubset of events that are wholly or partially beyond our control, including a disruption of electrical or communications servicesOperational Risk and is defined as the potential threat presented to us, or our inability to occupy oneemployees or more ofclients, from our buildings. The inability of our systems to accommodate an increasing volume of transactions could also constrain our ability to expand our businesses.
We also face the risk of operational failure or termination of any of the clearing agents, exchanges, clearing houses or other financial intermediaries we use to facilitate our securities transactions. Any such failure or termination could adversely affect our ability to effect transactions and manage our exposure to risk. In addition, despite the contingency plans we have in place, our ability to conduct business may be adversely impacted by a disruption in the infrastructure that supports our businesses and the communities in which they are located. This may include a disruption involving electrical, communications, transportation or other services used by us or third-parties with which we conduct business.
Our operations rely on the secure processing, storage and transmission of confidentialsupply chain and other information inthird-parties used to perform a process, service or activity on our computer systems and networks. Although we take protective measures and endeavor to modify them as circumstances warrant, our computer systems, software and networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses or other malicious code, and other events that could have a security impact. If one or more of such events occur, this potentially could jeopardize our or our clients’ or counterparties’ confidential and other information processed and stored in, and transmitted through, our computer systems and networks, or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in our, our clients’, our counterparties’ or third-parties’ operations. We may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify our protective measures or to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures, and we may be subject to litigation and financial losses that are either not insured against or not fully covered through any insurance maintained by us.behalf.
Our Operational Risk framework includes governance collectionas well as operational risk processes, which is comprised of operational risk incidents, proactiveevent capture and analysis, risk and control self-assessments, operational risk management,key indicators, action tracking, risk monitoring and periodic reviewreporting, deep dive risk assessments, new business approvals and analysis of business metrics to identify and recommend controls and process-related enhancements.vendor risk management. Each revenue producing and support department is responsible for the management and reporting of operational risks and the implementation of the Operational Risk policyManagement Policy and processes within the department. department with regular operational risk training provided to our employees.
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Operational Risk policy,events are mapped to Risk Categories used for the consistent classification of risk data to support root cause and trend analysis, these include:
Fraud and Theft
Clients and Business Practices
Market Conduct / Regulatory Compliance
Business Disruption
Technology
Data Protection and Privacy
Trading
Transaction and Process Management
People
Cyber
Vendor Risk
Operational Risk Management Policy, framework, infrastructure, methodology, processes, guidance and oversight of the operational risk processes are centralized and consistent firm widefirmwide and alsoadditionally subject to regional and legal entity operational risk governance.governance as required. We also maintain a firmwide Third-Party (“Vendor”) Risk Management Policy & Framework to ensure adequate control and monitoring over our critical third parties which includes processes for conducting periodic reviews covering areas of risk including financial health, information security, privacy, business continuity management, disaster recovery and operational risk.
Our leadership is continuously monitoring circumstances around COVID-19, as well as economic and capital market conditions, and providing frequent communications to both our clients and our employees. We have adoptedcontinue to adopt enhanced cleaning practices across our offices, have established protocols for office access, travel, meetings and entertainment to ensure the safety of our people and clients, and continue to work actively with our employees to navigate the constantly changing environment. Our Business Continuity Plan is operating effectively across a largelyhybrid remote working environment across all functions without any significantmeaningful disruptions to our business or control processes. Additionally, we are working continuously with all of our critical vendors regarding their own pandemic responses to ensure there is minimal impact on our business operations.
Model Risk
Model risk refers to the risk of losses resulting from decisions that are based on the output of models, due to errors or weaknesses in the design and development, implementation, or improper use of models. We use quantitative models primarily to value certain financial assets and liabilities and to monitor and manage our risk. Model risk is a function of the model materiality, frequency of use, complexity and uncertainty around inputs and assumptions used in a given model. Robust model risk management is a core part of our risk management approach and is overseen through our risk governance structure and risk management controls.
Legal and Compliance Risk
Legal and compliance risk includes the risk of noncompliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements. We are subject to extensive regulation in the different jurisdictions in which we conduct our business. We have various procedures addressing issues such as regulatory capital requirements, sales and trading practices, use of and safekeeping of customer funds, credit granting, collection activities, anti-money laundering and record keeping. These risks also reflect the potential impact that changes in local and international laws and tax statutes have on the economics and viability of current or future transactions. In an effort to mitigate these risks, we continuously review new and pending regulations and legislation and participate in various industry interest groups. We also maintain an anonymous hotline for employees or others to report suspected inappropriate actions by us or by our employees or agents.
New Business Risk
New business risk refers to the risks of entering into a new line of business or offering a new product. By entering a new line of business or offering a new product, we may face risks that we are unaccustomed to dealing with and may increase the magnitude of the risks we currently face. The New Business Committee reviews proposals for new businesses and new products to determine if we are prepared to handle the additional or increased risks associated with entering into such activities.
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Reputational Risk
We recognize that maintaining our reputation among clients, investors, regulators and the general public is an important aspect of minimizing legal and operational risks. Maintaining our reputation depends on a large number of factors, including the selection of our clients and the conduct of our business activities. We seek to maintain our reputation by screening potential clients and by conducting our business activities in accordance with high ethical standards. Our reputation and business activity can be affected by statements and actions of third-parties, even false or misleading statements by them. We actively monitor public comment concerning us and are vigilant in seeking to assure accurate information and perception prevails.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk are set forth under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations —Risk Management” in Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Our Management, under the direction of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are functioning effectively to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure. A controls system cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the controls system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected.
No change in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during the quarter ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Many aspects of our business involve substantial risks of legal and regulatory liability. In the normal course of business, we have been named as defendants or co-defendants in lawsuits involving primarily claims for damages. We are also involved in a number of judicial and regulatory matters, including exams, investigations and similar reviews, arising out of the conduct of our business. Based on currently available information, we do not believe that any matter will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors
Information regarding our risk factors appears in Item 1A. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2020 filed with the SEC on January 29, 2021. These risk factors describe some of the assumptions, risks, uncertainties and other factors that could adversely affect our business or that could otherwise result in changes that differ materially from our expectations. The following risk factor is an update to our previously disclosed risk factor and should be considered in conjunction with the Risk Factors section in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year, filed with the SEC on January 28, 2022.
We may incur losses as a result of unforeseen or catastrophic events, including the emergence of a pandemic, cybersecurity incidents and events, terrorist attacks, war, trade policies, military conflict, climate-related incidents, or other natural disasters.
The occurrence of unforeseen or catastrophic events, including the emergence of a pandemic, such as COVID-19, or other widespread health emergency (or concerns over the possibility of such an emergency), cybersecurity incidents and events, terrorist attacks, war, trade policies, military conflict, extreme climate-related incidents or events or other natural disasters, could create economic and financial disruptions, and could lead to operational difficulties (including travel limitations) that could impair our ability to manage our businesses. For instance, military conflict and escalating tensions between Russia and Ukraine could result in geopolitical instability and adversely affect the global economy or specific markets, which could have an adverse impact or cause volatility in the financial services industry generally or on our results of operations and financial conditions.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.

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Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit No.Description
3.1
3.2
3.3
4Instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt securities of the Registrant and its subsidiaries are omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K. Registrant hereby agrees to furnish copies of these instruments to the Commission upon request.
31.1*
31.2*
32*32.1**
32.2**
101*Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and November 30, 2020;2021; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and 2020;2021; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and 2020;2021; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021February 28, 2022 and 2020;2021; (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the sixthree months ended May 31,February 28, 2022 and 2021 and 2020 and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
104Cover page interactive data file pursuant to Rule 406 of Regulation S-T, formatted in iXBRL (included in Exhibit 101)
* Filed herewith.
** Furnished herewith pursuant to item 601(b) (32) of Regulation S-K.
*Filed herewith.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC
          (Registrant)
Date:July 9, 2021April 8, 2022By:/s/ Matt Larson
Matt Larson
Chief Financial Officer
(duly authorized officer)

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