Cigna Corporation

Consolidated Balance Sheets

	Unaudited				Unaudited
	As of		As of		As of		As of
	September 30,		December 31,		March 31,		December 31,
(In millions, except per share amounts)	2016		2015		2017		2016
Assets
Investments:
Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost, $19,392; $18,456)	$	21,244	$	19,455
Equity securities, at fair value (cost, $185; $190)	188		190
Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost, $20,639; $19,942)					$	21,734	$	20,961
Equity securities, at fair value (cost, $584; $583)					574		583
Commercial mortgage loans	1,822		1,864		1,752		1,666
Policy loans	1,442		1,419		1,431		1,452
Other long-term investments	1,408		1,404		1,465		1,462
Short-term investments	997		381		303		691
Total investments	27,101		24,713		27,259		26,815
Cash and cash equivalents	3,224		1,968		4,155		3,185
Premiums, accounts and notes receivable, net	3,577		3,694		3,154		3,077
Reinsurance recoverables	6,539		6,813		6,386		6,478
Deferred policy acquisition costs	1,876		1,659		1,982		1,818
Property and equipment	1,561		1,534		1,519		1,536
Deferred tax assets, net	110		379		263		304
Goodwill	6,007		6,019		5,982		5,980
Other assets, including other intangibles	2,611		2,476		2,250		2,227
Separate account assets	8,156		7,833		8,197		7,940
Total assets	$	60,762	$	57,088
TOTAL ASSETS					$	61,147	$	59,360
Liabilities
Contractholder deposit funds	$	8,470	$	8,443	$	8,415	$	8,458
Future policy benefits	10,043		9,479		9,840		9,648
Unpaid claims and claim expenses	4,889		4,574		5,006		4,917
Global Health Care medical costs payable	2,550		2,355		2,770		2,532
Unearned premiums	1,179		629		1,204		634
Total insurance and contractholder liabilities	27,131		25,480		27,235		26,189
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	6,374		6,493		6,667		6,414
Short-term debt	271		149		142		276
Long-term debt	4,780		5,020		4,621		4,756
Separate account liabilities	8,156		7,833		8,197		7,940
Total liabilities	46,712		44,975
TOTAL LIABILITIES					46,862		45,575
Contingencies — Note 16
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	68		69		56		58
Shareholders’ Equity
Common stock (par value per share, $0.25; shares issued, 296; authorized, 600)	74		74		74		74
Additional paid-in capital	2,884		2,859		2,912		2,892
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(715)		(1,250)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)					(1,252)		(1,382)
Retained earnings	13,487		12,121		14,356		13,855
Less treasury stock, at cost	(1,756)		(1,769)		(1,864)		(1,716)
Total shareholders’ equity	13,974		12,035
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY					14,226		13,723
Other noncontrolling interests	8		9		3		4
Total equity	13,982		12,044		14,229		13,727
Total liabilities and equity	$	60,762	$	57,088	$	61,147	$	59,360
Shareholders’ Equity Per Share	$	54.43	$	46.91
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY PER SHARE					$	55.52	$	53.42

The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

Cigna Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Total Equity

Accumulated

Redeemable

Unaudited

Additional

Other

Other Non-

Non-

For the three months ended September 30, 2016

Common

Paid-in

Comprehensive

Retained

Treasury

Shareholders’

controlling

Total

controlling

(In millions)

Stock

Capital

Loss

Earnings

Stock

Equity

Interests

Equity

Interests

Balance at July 1, 2016

$
74

$
2,879

$
(844)

$
13,046

$
(1,799)

$
13,356

$
8

$
13,364

$
71

Effect of issuing stock for employee benefit plans

7

(15)

43

35

35

Other comprehensive income (loss)

129

129

129

(3)

Net income (loss)

456

456

(3)

453

(1)

Other transactions impacting noncontrolling interests

(2)

(2)

3

1

1

Balance at September 30, 2016

$
74

$
2,884

$
(715)

$
13,487

$
(1,756)

$
13,974

$
8

$
13,982

$
68

																							Accumulated												Redeemable
Unaudited																					Additional		Other								Other non-				Non-
For the three months ended March 31, 2017																			Common		Paid-in		Comprehensive		Retained		Treasury		Shareholders’		controlling		Total		controlling
(In millions)																			Stock		Capital		Loss		Earnings		Stock		Equity		Interests		Equity		Interests

Balance at January 1, 2017																			$	74	$	2,892	$	(1,382)	$	13,855	$	(1,716)	$	13,723	$	4	$	13,727	$	58
Effect of issuing stock for employee benefit plans																					23				(87)		102		38				38
Other comprehensive income (loss)																							130						130				130		(2)
Net income (loss)																									598				598		(3)		595		(2)
Common dividends declared (per share: $0.04)																									(10)				(10)				(10)
Repurchase of common stock																											(250)		(250)				(250)
Other transactions impacting noncontrolling interests																					(3)								(3)		2		(1)		2
BALANCE AT MARCH 31, 2017																			$	74	$	2,912	$	(1,252)	$	14,356	$	(1,864)	$	14,226	$	3	$	14,229	$	56
					Accumulated												Redeemable
			Additional		Other								Other Non-				Non-
For the three months ended September 30, 2015	Common		Paid-in		Comprehensive		Retained		Treasury		Shareholders’		controlling		Total		controlling
(In millions)	Stock		Capital		Loss		Earnings		Stock		Equity		Interests		Equity		Interests

Balance at July 1, 2015	$	74	$	2,835	$	(1,125)	$	11,178	$	(1,672)	$	11,290	$	13	$	11,303	$	76



For the three months ended March 31, 2016
Balance at January 1, 2016																			$	74	$	2,859	$	(1,250)	$	12,121	$	(1,769)	$	12,035	$	9	$	12,044	$	69
Effect of issuing stock for employee benefit plans			11				(19)		36		28				28						21				(89)		53		(15)				(15)
Other comprehensive (loss)					(90)						(90)		(1)		(91)		(9)						262						262				262		3
Net income (loss)							547				547		(2)		545		(1)								519				519		(4)		515		(1)
Common dividends declared (per share: $0.04)																									(10)				(10)				(10)
Repurchase of common stock																											(110)		(110)				(110)
Other transactions impacting noncontrolling interests			(1)								(1)		3		2		1				(6)								(6)		4		(2)		2
Balance at September 30, 2015	$	74	$	2,845	$	(1,215)	$	11,706	$	(1,636)	$	11,774	$	13	$	11,787	$	67
BALANCE AT MARCH 31, 2016																			$	74	$	2,874	$	(988)	$	12,541	$	(1,826)	$	12,675	$	9	$	12,684	$	73

~~The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.~~

~~Cigna Corporation~~

~~Consolidated Statements of Changes in Total Equity~~

Accumulated

Redeemable

Unaudited

Additional

Other

Other non-

Non-

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016

Common

Paid-in

Comprehensive

Retained

Treasury

Shareholders’

controlling

Total

controlling

(In millions)

Stock

Capital

Loss

Earnings

Stock

Equity

Interests

Equity

Interests

Balance at January 1, 2016

$
74

$
2,859

$
(1,250)

$
12,121

$
(1,769)

$
12,035

$
9

$
12,044

$
69

Effect of issuing stock for employee benefit plans

38

(109)

123

52

52

Other comprehensive income (loss)

535

535

535

(1)

Net income (loss)

1,485

1,485

(12)

1,473

(4)

Common dividends declared (per share: $0.04)

(10)

(10)

(10)

Repurchase of common stock

(110)

(110)

(110)

Other transactions impacting noncontrolling interests

(13)

(13)

11

(2)

4

Balance at September 30, 2016

$
74

$
2,884

$
(715)

$
13,487

$
(1,756)

$
13,974

$
8

$
13,982

$
68

Accumulated

Redeemable

Additional

Other

Other non-

Non-

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015

Common

Paid-in

Comprehensive

Retained

Treasury

Shareholders’

controlling

Total

controlling

(In millions)

Stock

Capital

Loss

Earnings

Stock

Equity

Interests

Equity

Interests

Balance at January 1, 2015

$
74

$
2,769

$
(936)

$
10,289

$
(1,422)

$
10,774

$
15

$
10,789

$
90

Effect of issuing stock for employee benefit plans

80

(241)

304

143

143

Other comprehensive (loss)

(279)

(279)

(1)

(280)

(21)

Net income (loss)

1,668

1,668

(7)

1,661

(2)

Common dividends declared (per share: $0.04)

(10)

(10)

(10)

Repurchase of common stock

(518)

(518)

(518)

Other transactions impacting noncontrolling interests

(4)

(4)

6

2

Balance at September 30, 2015

$
74

$
2,845

$
(1,215)

$
11,706

$
(1,636)

$
11,774

$
13

$
11,787

$
67

The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

Cigna Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

	Unaudited				Unaudited
	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)	2016		2015		2017		2016
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	$	1,469	$	1,659	$	593	$	514
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	460		451		146		158
Realized investment (gains)	(110)		(104)
Realized investment (gains) losses					(46)		32
Deferred income taxes	63		44		11		11
Net changes in assets and liabilities, net of non-operating effects:
Premiums, accounts and notes receivable	184		(1,051)		(55)		(237)
Reinsurance recoverables	132		61		41		24
Deferred policy acquisition costs	(167)		(145)		(76)		(62)
Other assets	(32)		(89)		(22)		(57)
Insurance liabilities	1,098		620		868		507
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	9		219		(186)		(263)
Current income taxes	(57)		36		291		262
Loss on extinguishment of debt	-		100
Distributions from partnership investments (1)					45		27
Other, net ~~(1)~~	25		(4)		(31)		5
Net cash provided by operating activities (1)	3,074		1,797
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES (1)					1,579		921
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Proceeds from investments sold:
Fixed maturities and equity securities	1,012		1,452		414		361
Investment maturities and repayments:
Fixed maturities and equity securities	1,178		1,018		475		255
Commercial mortgage loans	117		458		21		18
Other sales, maturities and repayments (primarily short-term and other long-term investments)(1)	904		1,006		667		75
Investments purchased or originated:
Fixed maturities and equity securities	(2,894)		(2,686)		(1,240)		(758)
Commercial mortgage loans	(121)		(389)		(107)		(1)
Other (primarily short-term and other long-term investments)	(1,317)		(689)		(256)		(198)
Property and equipment purchases	(362)		(357)		(91)		(112)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(5)		(110)
Other	(101)		-
Net cash (used in) investing activities	(1,589)		(297)
NET CASH (USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES (1)					(117)		(360)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Deposits and interest credited to contractholder deposit funds	1,133		1,092		374		383
Withdrawals and benefit payments from contractholder deposit funds	(1,042)		(1,053)		(385)		(343)
Net change in short-term debt	(143)		(15)		(10)		(6)
Net proceeds on issuance of long-term debt	-		894
Repayment of long-term debt	-		(938)		(250)		—
Repurchase of common stock	(139)		(536)		(239)		(139)
Issuance of common stock	23		136		38		10
Other, net (1)	(87)		(83)
Net cash (used in) financing activities (1)	(255)		(503)
Other, net					(43)		(51)
NET CASH (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES					(515)		(146)
Effect of foreign currency rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	26		(36)		23		18
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	1,256		961		970		433
Cash and cash equivalents, January 1,	1,968		1,420			3,185		1,968
Cash and cash equivalents, September 30,	$	3,224	$	2,381
Cash and cash equivalents, March 31,					$	4,155	$	2,401
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Information:
Income taxes paid, net of refunds	$	904	$	881	$	(8)	$	37
Interest paid	$	192	$	192	$	70	$	69

(1) As required ~~by the adoption of ASU 2016-09,~~in adopting Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2016-15, the Company retrospectively reclassified ~~$78~~$27 million of cash ~~payments~~distributions from ~~operating~~partnership earnings from investing to ~~financing~~operating activities for the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2015. These payments were related to employee tax obligations associated with stock compensation.~~first quarter of 2016. The comparable amount reported in ~~financing~~operating activities ~~for the nine months ended September 30, 2016~~in 2017 was ~~$69~~$45 million. See Note 2 for further discussion.

The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

CIGNA CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Note Number	Footnote	Page

BUSINESS AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE
1	Description of Business	7
2	Significant Accounting Policies	8
3	Mergers and Acquisitions	10
4	Earnings Per Share	11
5	Debt	12
INSURANCE INFORMATION
6	Global Health Care Medical Costs Payable	13
7	Liabilities for Unpaid Claims and Claim Expenses	14
8	Reinsurance	15
INVESTMENTS
9	Fair Value Measurements	18
10	Investments	28
11	Derivatives	33
12	Variable Interest Entities	35
13	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	36
WORKFORCE MANAGEMENT AND COMPENSATION
14	Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans	37
COMPLIANCE, REGULATION AND CONTINGENCIES
15	Income Taxes	37
16	Contingencies and Other Matters	38
RESULTS DETAILS
17	Segment Information	43

Note 1~~— Basis~~ – Description of ~~Presentation~~Business

Cigna Corporation, together with its subsidiaries (either individually or collectively referred to as “Cigna,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) is a global health services organization dedicated to a mission of helping individuals improve their health, well-being and sense of security. To execute on our mission, Cigna’s strategy is to “Go Deep”, “Go Global” and “Go Individual” with a differentiated set of medical, dental, disability, life and accident insurance and related products and services offered by our insurance and other subsidiaries. The majority of these products are offered through employers and other groups (e.g. governmental and non-governmental organizations, unions and associations). Cigna also offers commercial health and dental insurance, Medicare and Medicaid products and health, life and accident insurance coverages to individuals in the U.S. and selected international markets. In addition to its ongoing operations described above, Cigna also has certain run-off operations.

The financial results of the Company’s businesses are reported in the following segments:

Global Health Care aggregates the Commercial and Government operating segments due to their similar economic characteristics, products and services and regulatory environment:

·The Commercial operating segment encompasses both the U.S. commercial and certain international health care businesses serving employers and their employees, other groups and individuals. Products and services include medical, dental, behavioral health, vision, and prescription drug benefit plans, health advocacy programs and other products and services to insured and self-insured customers.

·The Government operating segment offers Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D plans to seniors. This segment also offers Medicaid plans in selected markets.

Global Supplemental Benefits includes supplemental health, life and accident insurance products offered in selected international markets and in the U.S.

Group Disability and Life provides group long-term and short-term disability, group life, accident and specialty insurance products and related services.

Other Operations consist of:

·corporate-owned life insurance (“COLI”);

·run-off reinsurance business that is predominantly comprised of guaranteed minimum death benefit (“GMDB”) and guaranteed minimum income benefit (“GMIB”) business effectively exited through reinsurance with Berkshire Hathaway Life Insurance Company of Nebraska (“Berkshire”) in 2013;

·deferred gains recognized from the 1998 sale of the individual life insurance and annuity business and the 2004 sale of the retirement benefits business; and

·run-off settlement annuity business.

Corporate reflects amounts not allocated to operating segments, such as net interest expense (defined as interest on corporate debt less net investment income on investments not supporting segment operations), interest on uncertain tax positions, certain litigation matters, intersegment eliminations, compensation cost for stock options, excess tax benefits on stock compensation, expense associated with frozen pension plans and certain costs for corporate projects, including overhead.

Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Cigna Corporation and its subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. These Consolidated Financial Statements were prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Amounts recorded in the Consolidated Financial Statements necessarily reflect management’s estimates and assumptions about medical costs, investment valuation, interest rates and other factors. Significant estimates are discussed throughout these Notes; however, actual results could differ from those estimates. The impact of a change in estimate is generally included in earnings in the period of adjustment. Certain reclassifications ~~have been~~may be made to prior year amounts to conform to the current presentation. ~~See Note 2 for further discussion.~~

These interim Consolidated Financial Statements are unaudited but include all adjustments (including normal recurring adjustments) necessary, in the opinion of management, for a fair statement of financial position and results of operations for the periods reported. The interim Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included in the Company’s ~~2015~~2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K (“2016 Form 10-K”). The preparation of interim Consolidated Financial Statements necessarily relies heavily on estimates. This and certain other factors, including the seasonal nature of portions of the health care and related benefits business as well as competitive and other market conditions, call for caution in estimating full year results based on interim results of operations.

~~Note 2~~ — Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company’s ~~2015~~2016 Form 10-K includes discussion of significant recent accounting pronouncements that either have impacted or may impact our financial statements in the future.

The following ~~issuances of,~~tables provide information about recently adopted and ~~changes in,~~recently issued or changed accounting ~~pronouncements~~guidance (applicable to Cigna) that ~~apply to the Company~~ have occurred since the Company filed its ~~2015~~2016 Form 10-K.

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

~~Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-09).~~ In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued new guidance that changes the accounting for certain aspects of share-based payments to employees. The new guidance requires excess tax benefits or deficiencies to be recorded in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled, requires cash flows related to the excess tax benefits to be classified as an operating activity in the statement of cash flows, permits repurchasing more than was previously allowed of an employee’s shares for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting, clarifies that all cash payments made on an employee’s behalf for withheld shares are to be presented as a financing activity in the statement of cash flows and provides an accounting policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur. In addition, the new guidance changes the calculation of common stock equivalents for earnings per share purposes. The new standard is required to be adopted as of January 1, 2017.

As permitted, the Company elected to early adopt the new guidance effective January 1, 2016, which resulted in $25 million of tax benefits recorded in net income (in Corporate) during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 that previously would have been reported in additional paid-in capital. The change in the calculation of common stock equivalents added approximately one million weighted average shares for the diluted earnings per share calculations for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The Company applied these provisions prospectively.

The Company retrospectively applied the provisions related to the presentation of employee taxes paid for withheld shares and reclassified $78 million of tax withholding from operating to financing activities in its Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company reflected $69 million of tax withholding in financing activities. The ability under the new guidance to repurchase more employee shares for tax withholding purposes had no impact on the Company’s financial statements because no changes have been made to the Company’s withholding practices. The Company elected to continue to estimate forfeitures expected to occur to determine the amount of compensation cost to be recognized in each period.

~~Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis (ASU 2015-02).~~ The Company adopted this new consolidation guidance effective January 1, 2016 with no material effect on its financial statements. Among other provisions, the guidance defines limited partnerships as variable interest entities unless substantive kick-out rights or participating rights exist. See Note 10 for additional disclosures about various real estate and security limited partnerships that are newly identified as variable interest entities for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary.

~~Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent) (ASU 2015-07)~~. This amendment removed the requirement to categorize all investments within the fair value hierarchy for which fair value is measured using the practical expedient of net asset value (“NAV”) per share. The Company adopted this new guidance effective January 1, 2016. Upon adoption, the Company began to separately disclose certain separate account investments and provided comparable prior period disclosure. See Note 7 for this separate disclosure information.
Accounting Standard and
Adoption Date
Requirements and Effects of Adopting New Guidance
Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force) (Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-15)

Specifies how certain transactions should be classified in the statement of cash flows. While the standard addresses multiple types of transactions, only a change in the treatment of distributions from equity method investments impacted the Company.
Early adopted as of December 31, 2016
Effects of adoption: using the nature of distribution approach, the Company reported $45 million of cash receipts related to distributions from partnership earnings in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The Company reclassified $27 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 from investing to operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted

Except as noted below, there were no other new accounting pronouncements that were issued or became effective since the issuance of the Company’s 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K that had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Accounting Standard and
Effective Date Applicable
for Cigna
Requirements and Expected Effects of New Guidance Not Yet Adopted

~~Accounting for Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Asset Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory (ASU 2016-16).~~ In October 2016, the FASB issued this new standard that requires entities to recognize the tax impacts of all intra-entity sales of assets other than inventory even though the pre-tax effects of those transactions are eliminated in consolidation. The new standard is required to be adopted as of January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted as of January 1, 2017. The new standard is required to be adopted in a modified retrospective approach, with a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded in retained earnings to write off any unamortized tax expense previously deferred and record any previously unrecognized net deferred tax assets. The Company is evaluating the impact of this new standard on its financial statements and disclosures.
~~Statement of Cash Flows (ASU 2016-15).~~ In August 2016, the FASB issued this new standard that is a consensus of the FASB’s Emerging Issues Task Force. The standard provides new guidance on how certain transactions should be classified in the statement of cash flows. The new standard is required to be adopted as of January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted as of January 1, 2017. Upon adoption, the effects of the new guidance must be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented. The Company is evaluating its implementation timing options as well as the impact of this new standard on its financial statements and disclosures.
~~Financial Instruments — Credit Losses~~ ~~(ASU 2016-13).~~ In June 2016, the FASB issued this new standard that introduces a new approach to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments based on expected losses. It also modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities and provides for a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination. The ASU will be effective January 1, 2020, and early adoption is permitted on January 1, 2019. The Company is evaluating the impact of this new standard on its financial statements and disclosures.
~~Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (ASU 2016-01).~~ As previously disclosed in the Company’s 2015 Form 10-K, in January 2016 the FASB issued guidance that will require entities to measure equity investments at fair value in net income if they are not consolidated or accounted for under the equity method. The new standard will be effective January 1, 2018 and its effect will be recognized as a cumulative effect adjustment to the beginning balance of retained earnings. The Company has identified certain limited partnership interests carried at cost that are subject to the requirements of this new standard. If adopted as of September 30, 2016, the impact of this new guidance would have resulted in a cumulative effect increase to retained earnings of approximately $60 million after-tax. The actual cumulative effect adjustment will depend on the portfolio and market conditions as of the date of implementation.
~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09).~~ ~~The FASB issued three new ASUs in 2016 further clarifying the broader revenue guidance:~~
·      ~~“Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)” (ASU 2016-08) that clarifies the definition of principals and agents.~~
·      “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing” (ASU 2016-10) that clarifies guidance and adds examples to help companies properly identify performance obligations. This ASU also illustrates when a license provides a customer with a right to use (point in time) versus a right to access (over time) benefit.
·      “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients” (ASU 2016-12) that clarifies certain aspects of the previously-issued guidance, including the objective of the collectability criterion in the new revenue model.
These clarifications, together with the broader revenue recognition guidance within ASU 2014-09, are required to be adopted beginning January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted as of January 1, 2017. The Company does not plan to early adopt this new guidance but continues to monitor developing implementation guidance and evaluate these new requirements for its non-insurance customer contracts to determine its method of implementation and any resulting estimated effects on its financial statements.

Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost (ASU 2017-07)
Required as of January 1, 2018
Requires employers to separate the service cost component from the other components of net benefit cost. Under the new guidance, only service cost is eligible for capitalization (either deferred policy acquisition costs or capitalized software). The change in the capitalization rule is to be applied prospectively upon adoption. In addition, the income statement caption(s) where each component of net benefit cost is presented must be disclosed.
Expected effects: the Company expects the effect of this new guidance to be immaterial to its results of operations.
Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (ASU 2016-01)
Required as of January 1, 2018
Requires:
· Entities to measure equity investments at fair value in net income if they are neither consolidated nor accounted for under the equity method
· Cumulative effect adjustment to the beginning balance of retained earnings at adoption
Expected effects:
· Certain limited partnership interests carried at cost of $240 million as of March 31, 2017 will be reported at fair value at adoption
· An increase to retained earnings of approximately $50 million, after-tax, if implemented as of March 31, 2017. Actual cumulative effect adjustment will depend on investments held and market conditions at adoption.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09 and related amendments)
Required as of January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted as of January 1, 2017
Requires:
· Companies to estimate and allocate the expected customer contract revenues among distinct goods or services based on relative standalone selling prices
· Revenues to be recognized as goods or services are delivered
· Extensive new disclosures including the presentation of additional categories of revenues and information about related contract assets and liabilities
· Adoption through retrospective restatement with or without using certain practical expedients or adoption with a cumulative effect adjustment
Expected effects:
· Applies to the Company’s non-insurance, administrative service contracts but does not apply to certain contracts within the scope of other GAAP, such as insurance contracts
· The Company currently expects to adopt the new guidance as of January 1, 2018 through retrospective restatement
· The Company does not currently expect the adoption of the new guidance to have a material impact to its pattern of revenue recognition or net income
· The Company is continuing to evaluate the new requirements. Specifically, the Company is evaluating the combination of contract guidance for certain customers when the Company provides both insurance and non-insurance products, the deferral of revenue for services provided after the termination of certain administrative contracts and the Company’s status as principal or agent for certain performance obligations.

Note 3 —– Mergers and Acquisitions

Proposed Merger

On July 23, 2015, the Company entered into a merger agreement with Anthem, Inc. (“Anthem”) and Anthem Merger Sub Corp. (“Merger Sub”), a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Anthem.

The merger agreement provides (a) for the merger of the Company and Merger Sub, with the Company continuing as the surviving corporation and (b) if certain tax opinions are delivered, immediately following the completion of the initial merger, for the surviving corporation to be merged with and into Anthem, with Anthem continuing as the surviving corporation (collectively, the “merger”). Subject to certain terms, conditions, and customary operating covenants, each share of Cigna common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger would be converted into the right to receive (a) $103.40 in cash, without interest, and (b) 0.5152 of a share of Anthem common stock. The closing price of Anthem common stock on ~~November 2, 2016~~May 4, 2017 was ~~$122.99.~~$179.89.

At special shareholders’ meetings held in December 2015, Cigna shareholders approved the merger and Anthem shareholders approved the issuance of shares of Anthem common stock in connection with the merger. Completing the merger remains subject to certain customary conditions, including the receipt of certain necessary governmental and regulatory approvals and the absence of a legal restraint prohibiting the merger. Completing the merger is not subject to a financing condition.

On July 21, 2016, the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) and certain state attorneys general filed a civil antitrust lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia (the “District Court”) seeking to block the ~~merger. Trial is scheduled~~merger and, on January 4, 2017, the parties concluded the District Court trial.

On January 18, 2017, the Company received a written notice from Anthem seeking to ~~begin on November 21, 2016. The Company will continue to defend itself in this matter. In light~~extend the termination date of the ~~DOJ litigation, Cigna does not believe the transaction will close in 2016 and the earliest it could close is~~merger agreement from January 31, 2017 ~~if at all.~~to April 30, 2017.

IfOn February 8, 2017, the District Court issued an order enjoining the proposed merger. Anthem filed a notice of appeal of the District Court’s order with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (the “Appeals Court”) and requested an expedited appeal.

On February 14, 2017, the Company delivered a notice to Anthem terminating the merger agreement and filed suit in the Delaware Court of Chancery (the “Chancery Court”) seeking, among other things, declaratory judgment that Cigna’s termination of the merger agreement is ~~terminated under certain circumstances,~~lawful and that Anthem ~~will be required~~does not have the right to ~~pay Cigna a termination fee of $1.85 billion. Anthem’s obligation to pay the termination fee arises if~~extend the merger agreement ~~is terminated because: (1)~~termination date. Later that day, Anthem filed a ~~governmental entity, such as~~lawsuit in the ~~Department of Justice or~~Chancery Court against the Company seeking, among other things, a ~~state Department of Insurance, has prevented~~temporary restraining order to enjoin Cigna from terminating the merger ~~for regulatory reasons~~agreement, specific performance and ~~that decision is final~~damages, and, ~~non-appealable; or (2)~~on February 15, 2017, the Chancery Court issued an order temporarily enjoining the Company from terminating the merger ~~has not closed by January 31,~~agreement. This order will be subject to further review at a preliminary injunction hearing scheduled for May 8, 2017.

On February 17, 2017, ~~(subject to extension to~~the Appeals Court granted Anthem’s motion for an expedited appeal. That same day, the Company filed its notice of appeal of the District Court’s order enjoining the merger with the Appeals Court. Oral arguments were heard on March 24, 2017. On April ~~30,~~28, 2017, ~~under certain circumstances) only because all necessary regulatory approvals have not been received.~~the Appeals Court affirmed the decision of the District Court. On May 5, 2017, Anthem filed a petition for a writ of certiorari with the United States Supreme Court seeking appeal of the U.S. Court of Appeals decision affirming the District Court’s order enjoining the merger.

The merger agreement contains customary covenants, including covenants that Cigna conduct its business in the ordinary course during the period between entering into the merger agreement and closing. In addition, Cigna’s ability to take certain actions prior to closing without Anthem’s consent is subject to certain limitations. These limitations relate to, among other matters, the payment of dividends, capital expenditures, the payment or retirement of indebtedness or the incurrence of new indebtedness, settlement of material claims or proceedings, mergers or acquisitions, and certain employment-related matters.

The Company incurred ~~$49~~$63 million pre-tax ($4649 million after-tax) for the three months ~~and $123 million pre-tax ($108 million after-tax) for the nine months~~ ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 in costs directly related to the proposed merger. Comparable merger-related costs for the three months ~~and nine months~~ ended ~~September 30, 2015~~March 31, 2016 were ~~$35~~$40 million pre-tax ($2936 million after-tax). ~~These~~Since entering into this merger agreement in 2015, the Company has incurred pre-tax merger-related costs of approximately $295 million that primarily consisted of fees for legal, advisory and other professional services. If the merger is consummated, ~~most~~a significant portion of ~~the~~these merger-related costs ~~are~~would not be deductible for federal income tax purposes. If the merger is not consummated, these otherwise non-deductible costs would become tax deductible for federal income tax purposes, resulting in an incremental tax benefit of approximately $60 million.

Note 4 —– Earnings Per Share (“EPS”)

Basic and diluted earnings per share were computed as follows:

Effect of

(Shares in thousands, dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

Basic

Dilution

Diluted

Three Months Ended September 30,

2016

Shareholders’ net income

$
456

$
456

Shares:

Weighted average

255,519

255,519

Common stock equivalents

4,235

4,235

Total shares

255,519

4,235

259,754

EPS

$
1.78

$
(0.02)

$
1.76

2015

Shareholders’ net income

$
547

$
547

Shares:

Weighted average

256,070

256,070

Common stock equivalents

4,449

4,449

Total shares

256,070

4,449

260,519

EPS

$
2.14

$
(0.04)

$
2.10

							Three Months Ended
			Effect of				March 31, 2017						March 31, 2016
(Shares in thousands, dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	Basic		Dilution		Diluted		Basic		Effect of Dilution		Diluted		Basic		Effect of Dilution		Diluted
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2016
Shareholders’ net income	$	1,485			$	1,485	$	598			$	598	$	519			$	519
Shares:
Shares:
Weighted average	255,242				255,242		255,680				255,680		254,822				254,822
Common stock equivalents			4,326		4,326				4,094		4,094				4,625		4,625
Total shares	255,242		4,326		259,568		255,680		4,094		259,774		254,822		4,625		259,447
EPS	$	5.82	$	(0.10)	$	5.72	$	2.34	$	(0.04)	$	2.30	$	2.04	$	(0.04)	$	2.00

2015
Shareholders’ net income	$	1,668			$	1,668
Shares:
Weighted average	256,166				256,166
Common stock equivalents			4,451		4,451
Total shares	256,166		4,451		260,617
EPS	$	6.51	$	(0.11)	$	6.40

The following outstanding employee stock options were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and ~~nine months ended September 30,~~ 2016 ~~and 2015~~ because their effect was anti-dilutive.

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

Three Months Ended

(In millions)

2016

2015

2016

2015

March 31, 2017

March 31, 2016

Anti-dilutive options

2.6

2.2

0.5

2.5

1.3

The Company held ~~39,425,208~~39,928,289 shares of common stock in Treasury as of ~~September 30, 2016,~~March 31, 2017, and ~~38,553,358~~39,638,264 shares as of ~~September 30, 2015.~~March 31, 2016.

Note 5— Debt

The outstanding amounts of debt and capital leases were as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
(In millions)	2017		2016
Short-term:
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	131	$	250
Other, including capital leases	11		26
Total short-term debt	$	142	$	276
Long-term:
$131 million, 6.35% Notes due 2018	$	-	$	131
$250 million, 4.375% Notes due 2020 (1)	252		252
$300 million, 5.125% Notes due 2020 (1)	301		301
$78 million, 6.37% Notes due 2021	78		78
$300 million, 4.5% Notes due 2021 (1)	301		302
$750 million, 4% Notes due 2022	744		744
$100 million, 7.65% Notes due 2023	100		100
$17 million, 8.3% Notes due 2023	17		17
$900 million, 3.25% Notes due 2025	893		893
$300 million, 7.875% Debentures due 2027	299		299
$83 million, 8.3% Step Down Notes due 2033	82		82
$500 million, 6.15% Notes due 2036	498		498
$300 million, 5.875% Notes due 2041	296		296
$750 million, 5.375% Notes due 2042	743		743
Other, including capital leases	17		20
Total long-term debt	$	4,621	$	4,756

(1) The Company has entered into interest rate swap contracts hedging a portion of these fixed-rate debt instruments. See Note 11 for further information about the Company’s interest rate risk management and these derivative instruments.

The Company repaid $250 million of long-term notes that matured in the first quarter of 2017.

The Company has a five-year revolving credit and letter of credit agreement for $1.5 billion that permits up to $500 million to be used for letters of credit. This agreement extends through December 12, 2019 and is diversified among 16 banks, with three banks each having 12% of the commitment and the remainder spread among 13 banks in varying amounts. The credit agreement includes options subject to consent by the administrative agent and the committing banks to increase the commitment amount to $2 billion and to extend the term past December 12, 2019. The credit agreement is available for general corporate purposes, including for the issuance of letters of credit. The credit agreement contains customary covenants and restrictions, including a financial covenant that the Company may not permit its leverage ratio – which is total consolidated debt to total consolidated capitalization (each as defined in the credit agreement) – to be greater than 0.50. The leverage ratio calculation excludes the following items that are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets: net unrealized appreciation on fixed maturities and the portion of the post-retirement benefits liability adjustment attributable to pension.

In addition to the $4.8 billion of debt outstanding as of March 31, 2017, the Company had $10.5 billion of borrowing capacity within the maximum debt coverage covenant in the credit agreement. This additional borrowing capacity includes the $1.5 billion available under the credit agreement. Letters of credit outstanding as of March 31, 2017 totaled $13 million.

The Company was in compliance with its debt covenants as of March 31, 2017.

Note 6 — Global Health Care Medical Costs Payable

Medical costs payable for the Global Health Care segment reflects estimates of the ultimate cost of claims that have been incurred but not ~~yet~~ reported, those that have been reported but not yet paid (reported claims in process), and other medical care expenses and services payable that are primarily comprised of accruals for incentives and other amounts payable to health care professionals and ~~facilities,~~facilities. See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s 2016 Form 10-K for further information about the assumptions and estimates used to establish this liability.

Components of the Global Health Care medical costs payable balances as of March 31 were as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,		March 31,		March 31,
(In millions)	2016		2015		2017		2016
Incurred but not yet reported	$	1,947	$	1,757
Incurred but not reported					$	2,088	$	1,960
Reported claims in process	475		470		542		506
Physician incentives and other medical care expenses and services payable	128		128		140		180
Global Health Care medical costs payable	$	2,550	$	2,355	$	2,770	$	2,646

Activity in medical costs payable was as follows:

	For the period ended				Three Months Ended
	September 30,		December 31,		March 31,		March 31,
(In millions)	2016		2015		2017		2016
Balance at January 1,	$	2,355	$	2,180
Beginning balance					$	2,532	$	2,355
Less: Reinsurance and other amounts recoverable	243		252		275		243
Balance at January 1, net	2,112		1,928
Beginning balance, net					2,257		2,112
Incurred costs related to:
Current year	14,318		18,564		5,161		4,825
Prior years	(88)		(210)		(176)		(64)
Total incurred	14,230		18,354		4,985		4,761
Paid costs related to:
Current year	12,285		16,588		3,219		2,985
Prior years	1,783		1,582		1,509		1,449
Total paid	14,068		18,170		4,728		4,434
Ending Balance, net	2,274		2,112
Ending balance, net					2,514		2,439
Add: Reinsurance and other amounts recoverable	276		243		256		207
Ending Balance	$	2,550	$	2,355
Ending balance					$	2,770	$	2,646

Reinsurance and other amounts recoverable includes amounts due from reinsurers and policyholders to cover incurred but not reported and pending claims for certain business where the Company administers the plan benefits but the right of offset does not exist. See Note 68 for additional information on reinsurance.

For the ~~nine months~~periods ended ~~September 30, 2016, actual experience differed from the Company’s key assumptions resulting in favorable~~March 31, incurred costs related to prior ~~years’ medical costs payable~~years were attributable to the following factors:

	Three Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)	March 31, 2017			March 31, 2016
	$		%(1)	$		%(2)
Actual completion factors	$	78	0.4%	$	51	0.3%
Medical cost trend	98		0.5	28		0.1
Other (3)	-		-	(15)		(0.1)
Total favorable (unfavorable) variance	$	176	0.9%	$	64	0.3%

(1) Percentage of ~~$88 million, or 0.5% of the~~ current year incurred costs as reported for the year ended December 31, ~~2015. Of the favorability, actual completion factors accounted for 0.3%, and actual medical cost trend resulted in 0.2%.~~2016.

~~For the year ended December 31, 2015, actual experience differed from the Company’s key assumptions, resulting in favorable incurred costs related to prior years’ medical costs payable~~(2) Percentage of ~~$210 million, or 1.3% of the~~ current year incurred costs as reported for the year ended December 31, ~~2014. Actual completion factors accounted for 0.4% of favorability, while actual medical cost trend resulted~~2015.

(3) Other amounts in ~~0.7%. The remaining 0.2% was~~2016 related to ~~an increase~~increased medical costs in the ~~2014 reinsurance reimbursement rate~~Government segment resulting from ~~the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) under The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“Health Care Reform”).~~additional provider risk sharing.

The impact of prior year development on shareholders’ net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was not significant compared with $57 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The favorable effect of prior year development in a given period primarily reflects lower than expected utilization of medical services. Incurred costs related to prior years in the table above, although adjusted through shareholders’ net income, do not directly correspond to an increase or decrease to shareholders’ net ~~income.~~income. The primary reason for ~~the~~this difference is that decreases to prior year incurred costs ~~reflecting a release~~pertaining to the portion of the liability established for moderately adverse conditions are not considered as impacting shareholders’ net income if they are offset by increases in the current year provision for moderately adverse conditions.

The ~~determination~~net impact of prior year development on shareholders’ net income was a $61 million increase for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared with a $14 million increase for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Favorable prior year development implies primarily lower than expected utilization of medical services.

Note 7 – Liabilities for Unpaid Claims and Claim Expenses

The following information relates to the Company’s unpaid claims and claim expense liabilities ~~for Global Health Care medical costs payable requires the Company~~that are related to ~~make critical accounting estimates.~~short-duration insurance contracts. See Note ~~2(N)~~8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s ~~2015~~2016 Form 10-K for further information about the assumptions and estimates used to establish this liability.

The liability for unpaid claims and claim expenses by segment as of March 31 is as follows:

	March 31,		March 31,
(In millions)	2017		2016
Group Disability and Life	$	4,384	$	4,146
Global Supplemental Benefits	425		367
Other Operations	197		211
Unpaid claims and claim expenses	$	5,006	$	4,724

Activity in the Company’s Group Disability and Life and the Global Supplemental Benefits segments’ liabilities for unpaid claims and claim expenses are presented in the following table. Liabilities associated with the Company’s Other Operations segment are excluded because they pertain to obligations for long-duration insurance contracts or, if short-duration, the liabilities have been fully reinsured.

	Three Months Ended
(In millions)	March 31, 2017		March 31, 2016
Beginning balance	$	4,726	$	4,359
Less: Reinsurance	121		115
Beginning balance, net	4,605		4,244
Incurred claims related to:
Current year	1,148		988
Prior years:
Interest accretion	43		43
All other incurred	(64)		105
Total incurred	1,127		1,136
Paid claims related to:
Current year	371		327
Prior years	691		660
Total paid	1,062		987
Foreign currency	16		5
Ending balance, net	4,686		4,398
Add: Reinsurance	123		115
Ending balance	$	4,809	$	4,513

Reinsurance in the table above reflects amounts due from reinsurers related to unpaid claims liabilities. The Company’s insurance subsidiaries enter into agreements with other companies primarily to limit losses from large exposures and to permit recovery of a portion of incurred losses. See Note 8 for additional information on reinsurance.

The majority of the liability for unpaid claims and claim expenses is related to disability claims with long-tailed payouts. Interest earned on assets backing these liabilities is an integral part of pricing and reserving, and is therefore the basis for determining the rate used to discount these liabilities. Accordingly, interest accreted on prior year balances is shown as a separate component of prior year incurred claims. This interest is calculated by applying the average discount rate used in determining the liability balance to the average liability balance over the period. The remaining prior year incurred claims amount primarily reflects updates to the Company’s liability estimates and variances between actual experience during the period relative to the assumptions and expectations reflected in determining the liability. Assumptions reflect the Company’s expectations over the life of the book of business and will vary from actual experience in any period, both favorably and unfavorably, with variation in resolution rates being the most significant driver for the long-term disability business. Favorable prior year incurred claims reported in 2017 largely reflect improved claim resolution rates. Unfavorable prior year incurred claims reported in 2016 included the impact of modifications made to our disability claims management process and a period of elevated life claims.

Note 68 — Reinsurance

The Company’s insurance subsidiaries enter into agreements with other insurance companies to assume and cede reinsurance. Reinsurance is ceded primarily to limit losses from large exposures and to permit recovery of a portion of direct or assumed losses. Reinsurance is also used in acquisition and disposition transactions when the underwriting company is not being acquired. Reinsurance does not relieve the originating insurer of liability. The Company regularly evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers and monitors concentrations of its credit risk.

~~Effective Exit of GMDB and GMIB Business~~Reinsurance Recoverables

In 2013, the Company entered into an agreement with Berkshire Hathaway Life Insurance Company of Nebraska (“Berkshire”) to effectively exit the guaranteed minimum death benefit (“GMDB”) and guaranteed minimum income benefit (“GMIB”) business via a reinsurance transaction. Berkshire reinsured 100%The majority of the Company’s ~~future claim payments~~reinsurance recoverables resulted from acquisition and disposition transactions in ~~this business,~~which the underwriting company was not acquired. Components of the Company’s reinsurance recoverables are presented below:

(In millions)

Line of Business	Reinsurer(s)	March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016		Collateral and Other Terms at March 31, 2017

Ongoing operations:

Global Health Care, Global Supplemental Benefits, Group Disability and Life	Various	$	478	$	478	Recoverables from approximately 80 reinsurers including the U.S. Government, used in the ordinary course of business. Current balances range from less than $1 million up to $93 million. Excluding the recoverable from the U.S. Government of $39 million, over 60% of the balance is from companies rated investment grade by Standard & Poor’s, and 13% is secured by assets in trusts or letters of credit.

Total recoverables related to ongoing operations		478		478

Acquisition, disposition or runoff activities:

Individual Life and Annuity (sold in 1998)	Lincoln National Life and Lincoln Life & Annuity of New York	3,551		3,586		Both companies’ ratings are sufficient to avoid triggering a contractual obligation to fully secure the outstanding balance.

GMDB	Berkshire	1,052		1,085		100% secured by assets in a trust.

	Other	42		44		100% secured by assets in a trust or letters of credit.

Retirement Benefits Business (sold in 2004)	Prudential Retirement Insurance and Annuity	904		921		100% secured by assets in a trust.

Supplemental Benefits Business (2012 acquisition)	Great American Life	293		297		100% secured by assets in a trust.

Other run-off reinsurance	Various	66		67		100% secured by assets in trusts.

Total recoverables related to acquisition, disposition or runoff activities		5,908		6,000


Total reinsurance recoverables		$	6,386	$	6,478

The Company bears the risk of loss if its reinsurers and retrocessionaires do not meet or are unable to meet their reinsurance obligations to the Company. The Company reviews its reinsurance arrangements and establishes reserves against the recoverables if recovery is not considered probable. As of March 31, 2017, the Company’s recoverables were net of ~~other reinsurance arrangements existing at that time. The Berkshire reinsurance agreement is subject to an overall limit with~~a reserve of approximately ~~$3.5 billion remaining.~~$3 million.

Because this effective exit was accomplished via a reinsurance contract, the amounts related to the reinsured GMDB and GMIB contracts cannot be netted, so the gross assets and liabilities must continue to be measured and reported. The following disclosures provide further context for the methods and assumptions used to determine GMDB assets and liabilities.

~~GMDB~~

~~The Company estimates this liability with an internal model based on its experience and future expectations over an extended period, consistent with the long-term nature of this product.~~ Because the product is premium deficient, the Company records increases to the reserve if it is inadequate based on the model. As a result of the reinsurance transaction, reserve increases have a corresponding increase in the recorded reinsurance recoverable, provided the increased recoverable remains within the overall Berkshire limit (including the GMIB assets).

~~Activity in the future policy benefit reserve for the GMDB business was as follows:~~

For the period ended

September 30,

December 31,

(In millions)

2016

2015

Balance at January 1

$
1,252

$
1,270

Add: Unpaid claims

18

16

Less: Reinsurance and other amounts recoverable

1,164

1,186

Balance at January 1, net

106

100

Add: Incurred benefits

4

3

Less: Paid benefits

(1)

(3)

Ending balance, net

111

106

Less: Unpaid claims

18

18

Add: Reinsurance and other amounts recoverable

1,132

1,164

Ending balance

$
1,225

$
1,252

~~Benefits paid and incurred are net of ceded amounts. The ending net retained reserve covers ongoing administrative expenses, as well as the minor claims exposure retained by the Company.~~

The table below presents the account value, net amount at risk and number of underlying contractholders for guarantees assumed by the Company in the event of contractholder deaths. The net amount at risk is the amount that the Company would have to pay if all contractholders died as of the specified date. Unless the Berkshire limit is exceeded, the Company should be reimbursed in full for these payments.

(Dollars in millions, excludes impact of reinsurance ceded)

September 30, 2016

December 31, 2015

Account value

$
10,752

$
11,355

Net amount at risk

$
2,530

$
2,870

Number of contractholders

292,000

324,000

Effects of Reinsurance

In the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income, premiums were reported net of amounts ceded to reinsurers and Global Health Care medical costs and other benefit expenses were reported net of reinsurance recoveries in the following amounts:

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

(In millions)

2016

2015

2016

2015

Ceded premiums

Individual life insurance and annuity business sold

  $
37

  $
38

  $
118

  $
121

Other

94

130

262

323

Total

  $
131

  $
168

  $
380

  $
444

Reinsurance recoveries

Individual life insurance and annuity business sold

  $
77

  $
83

  $
211

  $
230

Other

8

113

209

313

Total

  $
85

  $
196

  $
420

  $
543

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(In millions)	2017		2016
Ceded premiums:
Individual life insurance and annuity business sold	$	39	$	41
Other	81		95
Total ceded premiums	$	120	$	136
Reinsurance recoveries:
Individual life insurance and annuity business sold	$	70	$	68
Other	29		96
Total reinsurance recoveries	$	99	$	164

The decrease in reinsurance recoveries in 2017 is primarily due to the ceded GMDB business. The ceded reserves declined during the three months ended March 31, 2017 due primarily to favorable equity market conditions, while the ceded reserves increased during the three months ended March 31, 2016 due to changes in the capital market assumptions that are used to calculate the reserves.

~~Reinsurance Recoverables~~Effective Exit of GMDB and GMIB Business

~~Components~~In 2013, the Company entered into an agreement with Berkshire to effectively exit the GMDB and GMIB business via a reinsurance transaction. Berkshire reinsured 100% of the Company’s future claim payments in this business, net of other reinsurance ~~recoverables~~arrangements existing at that time. The Berkshire reinsurance agreement is subject to an overall limit with approximately $3.5 billion remaining as of March 31, 2017.

A discussion of each of these businesses follows. While GMDB is accounted for as reinsurance, GMIB assets and liabilities are reported as derivatives at fair value as discussed below. Accordingly, GMIB assets are reported in other assets, including intangibles, and GMIB liabilities are reported in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities.

GMDB

The Company estimates the gross liability and reinsurance recoverable with an internal model based on the Company’s experience and future expectations over an extended period, consistent with the long-term nature of this product. As a result of the reinsurance transaction, reserve increases have a corresponding increase in the recorded reinsurance recoverable, provided the increased recoverable remains within the overall Berkshire limit (including the GMIB asset presented ~~below:~~below). The ending net retained reserve covers ongoing administrative expenses, as well as minor claim exposure retained by the Company.

Because the product is premium deficient, the Company records an increase to the net retained reserve if it is inadequate based on the model.

Activity in future policy benefit reserves for the GMDB business was as follows:

	For the period ended
	March 31,		December 31,
(In millions)	2017		2016
Balance at January 1	$	1,224	$	1,252
Add: Unpaid claims	16		18
Less: Reinsurance and other amounts recoverable	1,129		1,164
Balance at January 1, net	111		106
Add: Incurred benefits	-		4
Less: Paid benefits (recoveries)	(1)		(1)
Ending balance, net	112		111
Less: Unpaid claims	18		16
Add: Reinsurance and other amounts recoverable	1,094		1,129
Ending balance	$	1,188	$	1,224

Benefits paid and incurred are net of ceded amounts.

The table below presents the account value, net amount at risk and number of underlying contractholders for guarantees assumed by the Company in the event of death. The net amount at risk is the amount that the Company would have to pay if all contractholders died as of the specified date. Unless the Berkshire reinsurance limit is exceeded, the Company should be reimbursed in full for these payments.

(Dollars in millions, excludes impact of reinsurance ceded)	March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Account value	$	10,755	$	10,650
Net amount at risk	$	2,335	$	2,458
Number of contractholders	280,000		285,000

GMIB

In this business, the Company reinsured contracts with issuers of GMIB products. The Company’s exposure represents the excess of a contractually guaranteed amount over the level of variable annuity account values. Payment by the Company depends on the actual account value in the underlying mutual funds and the level of interest rates when the contractholders elect to receive minimum income payments that must occur within 30 days of a policy anniversary after the appropriate waiting period. The Company has purchased retrocessional coverage (“GMIB assets”) for these contracts.

The Company reports GMIB liabilities and assets as derivatives at fair value because cash flows of these liabilities and assets are affected by equity markets and interest rates, but are without significant life insurance risk and are settled in lump sum payments.

As of March 31, 2017, there were three reinsurers for GMIB as follows:

(In millions)

Line of Business

Reinsurer(s)

September 30,
2016

December 31,
2015

Collateral and Other Terms
at September 30, 2016

GMDB

Berkshire

$
1,089

$
1,123

100% secured by assets in a trust.

Other

43

41

99% secured by assets in a trust or letter of credit.

Individual Life and Annuity (sold in 1998)

Lincoln National Life and Lincoln Life & Annuity of New York

3,612

3,705

Both companies’ ratings are sufficient to avoid triggering a contractual obligation to fully secure the outstanding balance.

Retirement Benefits Business (sold in 2004)

Prudential Retirement Insurance and Annuity

944

995

100% secured by assets in a trust.

Supplemental Benefits Business (2012 acquisition)

Great American Life

301

315

100% secured by assets in a trust.

Global Health Care, Global Supplemental Benefits, Group Disability and Life

Various

475

553

Recoverables arising in the ordinary course of business from approximately 80 reinsurers including the U.S. Government. Excluding the recoverable from the U.S. Government of approximately $58 million, current balances range from less than $1 million up to $96 million, with 19% secured by assets in trusts or letters of credit.

Other run-off reinsurance

Various

75

81

99% secured by assets in trusts.

Total reinsurance recoverables

$
6,539

$
6,813

Line of Business	Reinsurer(s)	March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016		Collateral and Other Terms at March 31, 2017

GMIB	Berkshire	$	360	$	370	100% secured by assets in a trust.
	Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada	220		227
	Liberty Re (Bermuda) Ltd.	197		202		100% secured by assets in a trust.


Total GMIB recoverables reported in other assets		$	777	$	799

Assumptions used in fair value measurement. The Company estimates the fair value of the assets and liabilities for GMIB contracts by calculating the results for many scenarios run through a model utilizing various assumptions. The only assumption expected to impact future shareholders’ net income is non-performance risk. The non-performance risk adjustment reflects a market participant’s view of nonpayment risk by adding an additional spread to the discount rate in the calculation of both (a) the GMIB liabilities to be paid by the Company, and (b) the GMIB assets to be paid by the reinsurers, after considering collateral.

~~Over 90%~~Other assumptions that affect GMIB assets and liabilities include capital market assumptions (including market returns, interest rates and market volatilities of the ~~Company’s reinsurance recoverables were from companies that were rated A or higher by Standard & Poor’s at September 30, 2016.~~ underlying equity and bond mutual fund investments) and future annuitant behavior (including mortality, lapse, and annuity election rates). As certain assumptions used to estimate fair values for these contracts are largely unobservable (primarily related to future annuitant behavior), the Company classifies GMIB assets and liabilities in Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy presented in Note 9.

The Company ~~reviews its reinsurance arrangements~~regularly evaluates each of the assumptions used in establishing these assets and ~~establishes reserves against~~liabilities. Significant decreases in assumed lapse rates or spreads used to calculate non-performance risk of the ~~recoverables if recovery~~Company, or significant increases in assumed annuity election rates or spreads used to calculate the non-performance risk of the reinsurers, would result in higher fair value measurements. A change in one of these assumptions is not ~~considered probable. As~~necessarily accompanied by a change in another assumption.

GMIB guarantees. Future payments are not fixed and determinable under the terms of ~~September 30, 2016,~~these contracts. Accordingly, the ~~Company’s recoverables were net~~Company calculated exposure, without considering any reinsurance coverage, using the following hypothetical assumptions:

·no annuitants surrendered their accounts;

·all annuitants lived to elect their benefit;

·all annuitants elected to receive their benefit on the next available date (2017 through 2021); and

·all underlying mutual fund investment values remained at the March 31, 2017 value of ~~a reserve of approximately $4 million.~~ $818 million with no future returns.

The Company ~~bears~~has reinsurance coverage in place that covers the ~~risk of loss if its reinsurers and retrocessionaires do not meet or are unable to meet their reinsurance obligations to~~exposures on these contracts. Using these hypothetical assumptions, GMIB exposure is $665 million, which is lower than the ~~Company.~~recorded liability for GMIB calculated using fair value assumptions.

Note 79 — Fair Value Measurements

The Company carries certain financial instruments at fair value in the financial statements including fixed maturities, equity securities, short-term investments and derivatives. Other financial instruments are measured at fair value only under certain conditions, such as when impaired.

Fair value is defined as the price at which an asset could be exchanged in an orderly transaction between market participants at the balance sheet date. A liability’s fair value is defined as the amount that would be paid to transfer the liability to a market participant, not the amount that would be paid to settle the liability with the creditor.

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value have been classified based upon a hierarchy defined by GAAP. The hierarchy gives the highest ranking to fair values determined using unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest ranking to fair values determined using methodologies and models with unobservable inputs (Level 3). An asset’s or a liability’s classification is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to its measurement. For example, a financial asset or liability carried at fair value would be classified in Level 3 if unobservable inputs were significant to the instrument’s fair value, even though the measurement may be derived using inputs that are both observable (Levels 1 and 2) and unobservable (Level 3).

The Company estimates fair values using prices from third parties or internal pricing methods. Fair value estimates received from third-party pricing services are based on reported trade activity and quoted market prices when available, and other market information that a market participant may use to estimate fair value. The internal pricing methods are performed by the Company’s investment professionals and generally involve using discounted cash flow analyses, incorporating current market inputs for similar financial instruments with comparable terms and credit quality, as well as other qualitative factors. In instances where there is little or no market activity for the same or similar instruments, fair value is estimated using methods, models and assumptions that the Company believes a hypothetical market participant would use to determine a current transaction price. These valuation techniques involve some level of estimation and judgment that becomes significant with increasingly complex instruments or pricing models.

The Company is responsible for determining fair value, as well as ~~designating~~for assigning the appropriate level within the fair value hierarchy, based on the significance of unobservable inputs. The Company reviews methodologies, processes and controls of third-party pricing services and compares prices on a test basis to those obtained from other external pricing sources or internal estimates. The Company performs ongoing analyses of both prices received from third-party pricing services and those developed internally to determine that they represent appropriate estimates of fair value. The controls executed by the Company include evaluating changes in prices and monitoring for potentially stale valuations. The Company also performs sample testing of sales values to confirm the accuracy of prior fair value estimates. The minimal exceptions identified during these processes indicate that adjustments to prices are infrequent and do not significantly impact valuations. Annually, we conduct an on-site visit of the most significant pricing service to review their processes, methodologies and controls. This on-site review includes a walk-through of inputs offor a sample of securities held across various asset types to validate the documented pricing process.

Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Carried at Fair Value

The following tables provide information as of ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 and December 31, ~~2015~~2016 about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value. Separate account assets that are also recorded at fair value on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets are reported separately under the heading “separate account assets” as gains and losses related to these assets generally accrue directly to policyholders.

Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets

Significant Other
Observable Inputs

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs

(In millions)

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Total

March 31, 2017

Financial assets at fair value:

Fixed maturities:

Federal government and agency

372

525

897

State and local government

1,419

Foreign government

2,273

2,312

Corporate

16,144

483

16,627

Mortgage and other asset-backed

324

155

479

Total fixed maturities (1)

372

20,685

677

21,734

Equity securities

402

122

574

Subtotal

774

20,807

727

22,308

Short-term investments

303

GMIB assets

777

Other derivative assets

Total financial assets at fair value, excluding separate accounts

774

21,114

1,504

23,392

Financial liabilities at fair value:

GMIB liabilities

761

Other derivative liabilities

Total financial liabilities at fair value

761

763

(1) Fixed maturities includes $543 million of net appreciation required to adjust future policy benefits for the run-off settlement annuity business including $14 million of appreciation for securities classified in Level 3. See Note 10 for additional information.

	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs				Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(In millions)	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Total
September 30, 2016
December 31, 2016
Financial assets at fair value:
Fixed maturities:
Federal government and agency	$	180	$	570	$	-	$	750	$	374	$	503	$	-	$	877
State and local government	-		1,508		-		1,508		-		1,435		-		1,435
Foreign government	-		2,278		44		2,322		-		2,066		47		2,113
Corporate	-		15,714		451		16,165		-		15,552		498		16,050
Mortgage-backed	-		36		-		36
Other asset-backed	-		299		164		463
Mortgage and other asset-backed									-		329		157		486
Total fixed maturities (1)	180		20,405		659		21,244		374		19,885		702		20,961
Equity securities	4		110		74		188		396		113		74		583
Subtotal	184		20,515		733		21,432		770		19,998		776		21,544
Short-term investments	-		997		-		997		-		691		-		691
GMIB assets (2)	-		-		931		931
GMIB assets									-		-		799		799
Other derivative assets	-		7		-		7		-		10		-		10
Total financial assets at fair value, excluding separate accounts	$	184	$	21,519	$	1,664	$	23,367	$	770	$	20,699	$	1,575	$	23,044
Financial liabilities at fair value:
GMIB liabilities	$	-	$	-	$	908	$	908	$	-	$	-	$	780	$	780
Other derivative liabilities	-		4		-		4		-		5		-		5
Total financial liabilities at fair value	$	-	$	4	$	908	$	912	$	-	$	5	$	780	$	785
December 31, 2015
Financial assets at fair value:
Fixed maturities:
Federal government and agency	$	251	$	528	$	-	$	779
State and local government	-		1,641		-		1,641
Foreign government	-		2,010		4		2,014
Corporate	-		14,122		326		14,448
Mortgage-backed	-		48		1		49
Other asset-backed	-		198		326		524
Total fixed maturities (1)	251		18,547		657		19,455
Equity securities	32		89		69		190
Subtotal	283		18,636		726		19,645
Short-term investments	-		381		-		381
GMIB assets (2)	-		-		907		907
Other derivative assets	-		16		-		16
Total financial assets at fair value, excluding separate accounts	$	283	$	19,033	$	1,633	$	20,949
Financial liabilities at fair value:
GMIB liabilities	$	-	$	-	$	885	$	885
Total financial liabilities at fair value	$	-	$	-	$	885	$	885

(1) Fixed maturities includes $524 million of net appreciation required to adjust future policy benefits for run-off settlement annuity business including $14 million of appreciation for securities classified in Level 3.	Fixed maturities included $750 million as of September 30, 2016 and $483 million as of December 31, 2015 of net appreciation required to adjust future policy benefits for the run-off settlement annuity business including $19 million as of September 30, 2016 and $30 million as of December 31, 2015 of appreciation for securities classified in Level 3. See Note 8 for additional information.
~~(2)~~	~~The GMIB assets represent retrocessional contracts in place from three external reinsurers that cover the exposures on these contracts.~~

Level 1 Financial Assets

Inputs for instruments classified in Level 1 include unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets accessible at the measurement date. Active markets provide pricing data for trades occurring at least weekly and include exchanges and dealer markets.

Assets in Level 1 include actively-traded U.S. government bonds and exchange-listed equity securities. Given the narrow definition of Level 1 and the Company’s investment asset strategy to maximize investment returns, a relatively small portion of the Company’s investment assets are classified in this category.

Level 2 Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

Inputs for instruments classified in Level 2 include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices from those willing to trade in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are market observable or can be corroborated by market data for the term of the instrument. Such other inputs include market interest rates and volatilities, spreads and yield curves. An instrument is classified in Level 2 if the Company determines that unobservable inputs are insignificant.

Fixed maturities and equity securities. Approximately ~~96%~~ 93% of the Company’s investments in fixed maturities and equity securities are classified in Level 2 including most public and private corporate debt and equity securities, federal agency and municipal bonds, non-government mortgage-backed securities and preferred stocks. Because many fixed maturities do not trade daily, third-party pricing services and internal methods often use recent trades of securities with similar features and characteristics. When recent trades are not available, pricing models are used to determine these prices.�� These models calculate fair values by discounting future cash flows at estimated market interest rates. Such market rates are derived by calculating the appropriate spreads over comparable U.S. Treasury securities, based on the credit quality, industry and structure of the asset. Typical inputs and assumptions to pricing models include, but are not limited to, a combination of benchmark yields, reported trades, issuer spreads, liquidity, benchmark securities, bids, offers, reference data, and industry and economic events. For mortgage-backed securities, inputs and assumptions may also include characteristics of the issuer, collateral attributes, prepayment speeds and credit rating.

Nearly all of these instruments are valued using recent trades or pricing models. Less than 1% of the fair value of investments classified in Level 2 represents foreign bonds that are valued using a single unadjusted market-observable input derived by averaging multiple broker-dealer quotes, consistent with local market practice.

Short-term investments are carried at fair value which approximates cost. On a regular basis, the Company compares market prices for these securities to recorded amounts to validate that current carrying amounts approximate exit prices. The short-term nature of the investments and corroboration of the reported amounts over the holding period support their classification in Level 2.

Other derivatives classified in Level 2 represent over-the-counter instruments such as interest rate and foreign currency swap contracts. Fair values for these instruments are determined using market observable inputs including forward currency and interest rate curves and widely published market observable indices. Credit risk related to the counterparty and the Company is considered when estimating the fair values of these derivatives. However, the Company is largely protected by collateral arrangements with counterparties and determined that no adjustment for credit risk was required as of ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 or December 31, ~~2015.~~2016. Level 2 also includes exchange-traded interest rate swap contracts. Credit risk related to the clearinghouse counterparty and the Company is considered minimal when estimating the fair values of these derivatives because of upfront margin deposits and daily settlement requirements. The nature and use of these other derivatives are described in Note 9.11.

Level 3 Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

Certain inputs for instruments classified in Level 3 are unobservable (supported by little or no market activity) and significant to their resulting fair value measurement. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s best estimate of what hypothetical market participants would use to determine a transaction price for the asset or liability at the reporting date.

The Company classifies certain newly issued, privately-placed, complex or illiquid securities, as well as assets and liabilities relating to GMIB, in Level 3. Approximately 3% of fixed maturities and equity securities are priced using significant unobservable inputs and classified in this category.

Fair values of mortgage and other ~~asset and mortgage-backed~~asset-backed securities, corporate and government fixed maturities are primarily determined using pricing models that incorporate the specific characteristics of each asset and related assumptions including the investment type and structure, credit quality, industry and maturity date in comparison to current market indices, spreads and liquidity of assets with similar characteristics. For mortgage and other ~~asset and mortgage-backed~~asset-backed securities, inputs and assumptions for pricing may also include collateral attributes and prepayment speeds. Recent trades in the subject security or similar securities are assessed when available, and the Company may also review published research in its evaluation, as well as the issuer’s financial statements.

Quantitative Information about Unobservable Inputs

The following tables summarize the fair value and significant unobservable inputs used in pricing the following securities that were developed directly by the Company as of ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 and December 31, ~~2015.~~2016. The range and weighted average basis point amounts (“bps”) for fixed maturity spreads (adjustment to discount rates) and price-to-earnings multiples for equity investments reflect the Company’s best estimates of the unobservable adjustments a market participant would make to calculate these fair values.

~~Other asset~~Mortgage and ~~mortgage-backed~~other asset-backed securities. The significant unobservable inputs used to value the following mortgage and other ~~asset and mortgage-backed~~asset-backed securities are liquidity and weighting of credit spreads. When there is limited trading activity for the security, an adjustment for liquidity is made as of the measurement date that considers current market conditions, issuer circumstances and complexity of the security structure. An adjustment to weight credit spreads is needed to value a more complex bond structure with multiple underlying collateral and no standard market valuation technique. The weighting of credit spreads is primarily based on the underlying collateral’s characteristics and their proportional cash flows supporting the bond obligations. The resulting wide range of unobservable adjustments in the table below is due to the varying liquidity and quality of the underlying collateral, ranging from high credit quality to below investment grade.

Corporate and government fixed maturities. The significant unobservable input used to value the following corporate and government fixed maturities is an adjustment for liquidity. When there is limited trading activity for the security, an adjustment is needed to reflect current market conditions and issuer circumstances.

Equity securities. The significant unobservable input used to value the following equity securities is a multiple of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”). These securities are comprised of private equity investments with limited trading activity and therefore a ratio of EBITDA is used to estimate value based on company circumstances and relative risk characteristics.

(Fair value in millions)	Fair Value		Unobservable Input	Unobservable Adjustment Range (Weighted Average)
As of ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017
Fixed maturities:
~~Other asset~~Mortgage and ~~mortgage-backed~~other asset-backed securities	$	~~164~~155	Liquidity	60 - 340 (90) bps
			Weighting of credit spreads	170 - 450 (230) bps
Corporate and government fixed maturities		498	Liquidity	70 - 2,550 (340) bps
Total fixed maturities		653
Equity securities		50	Price-to-EBITDA multiples	5.0 - 12.0 (8.3)
Subtotal		703
Securities not priced by the Company(1)		24
Total Level 3 securities	$	727
As of December 31, 2016
Fixed maturities:
Mortgage and other asset-backed securities	$	157	Liquidity	60 - 330 (90) bps
			Weighting of credit spreads	~~200~~160 - ~~610 (280)~~470 (230) bps
Corporate and government fixed maturities		~~457~~490	Liquidity	80 - ~~1,310 (370)~~1,300 (340) bps
Total fixed maturities		~~621~~647
Equity securities		74	~~Price-to-earnings~~Price-to-EBITDA multiples	4.2 - 11.6 ~~(8.2)~~(8.5)
Subtotal		~~695~~
~~Securities not priced by the Company(1)~~		38
~~Total Level 3 securities~~	$	~~733~~
~~As of December 31, 2015~~
~~Fixed maturities:~~
~~Other asset and mortgage-backed securities~~	$	~~327~~	~~Liquidity~~	~~60 - 440 (200) bps~~
			~~Weighting of credit spreads~~	~~170 - 630 (220) bps~~
~~Corporate and government fixed maturities~~		~~285~~	~~Liquidity~~	~~70 - 930 (280) bps~~
~~Total fixed maturities~~		~~612~~
~~Equity securities~~		69	~~Price-to-earnings multiples~~	~~4.2 - 11.6 (8.3)~~
~~Subtotal~~		~~681~~721
Securities not priced by the Company(1)		4555
Total Level 3 securities	$	~~726~~776

(1) The fair values for these securities use single, unadjusted non-binding broker quotes not developed directly by the Company.

Significant increases in fixed maturity spreads would result in a lower fair value ~~measurement~~measurements while decreases in these inputs would result in a higher fair value ~~measurement.~~measurements. Significant decreases in equity ~~price-to-earnings~~price-to-EBITDA multiples would result in a lower fair value ~~measurement~~measurements while increases in these inputs would result in a higher fair value ~~measurement.~~measurements. Generally, the unobservable inputs are not interrelated and a change in the assumption used for one unobservable input is not accompanied by a change in the other unobservable input.

GMIB contracts. ~~As discussed~~ See discussion in Note 6, the Company effectively exited the GMIB business in 2013. Although these GMIB assets and liabilities must continue to be reported as derivatives at fair value, the only assumption that is expected to impact future shareholders’ net income is the risk of non-performance. This assumption reflects a market participant’s view of (a) the risk of a subsidiary of the Company not fulfilling its GMIB obligations (GMIB liabilities) and (b) the credit risk that the reinsurers do not pay their obligations (GMIB assets). As of September 30, 2016, there were three reinsurers for GMIB, with collateral securing 69% of the balance.

The Company reports GMIB liabilities and assets as derivatives at fair value because the cash flows of these liabilities and assets are affected by equity markets and interest rates, but are without significant life insurance risk and are settled in lump sum payments. Under the terms of these written and purchased contracts, the Company periodically receives and pays fees based on either contractholders’ account values or deposits increased at a contractual rate. The Company will also pay and receive cash depending on account values and interest rates when contractholders elect to begin to receive minimum income payments. 8.The Company estimates the fair value of the assets and liabilities for GMIB contracts by calculating the results for many scenarios run through a model utilizing various assumptions that include non-performance risk, among other things.

The non-performance risk adjustment is incorporated by adding an additional spread to the discount rate in the calculation of both (a) the GMIB liabilities to reflect a market participant’s view of the risk of a subsidiary of the Company not fulfilling its GMIB obligations, and (b) the GMIB assets to reflect a market participant’s view of the credit risk of the reinsurers, after considering collateral.

Other assumptions that affect GMIB assets and liabilities include capital market assumptions (including market returns, interest rates and market volatilities of the underlying equity and bond mutual fund investments) and future annuitant behavior (including mortality, lapse and annuity election rates). As certain assumptions used to estimate fair values for these contracts are largely unobservable (primarily related to future annuitant behavior), the Company classifies GMIB assets and liabilities in Level 3.

The Company regularly evaluates each of the assumptions used in establishing these assets and liabilities. Significant decreases in assumed lapse rates or spreads used to calculate non-performance risk, or increases in assumed annuity election rates, would result in higher fair value measurements. A change in one of these assumptions is not necessarily accompanied by a change in another assumption.

GMIB liabilities are reported in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities. GMIB assets associated with these contracts represent net receivables in connection with reinsurance that the Company has purchased from three external reinsurers and are reported in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets in other assets, including other intangibles.

Changes in Level 3 Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Carried at Fair Value

The following tables summarize the changes in financial assets and financial liabilities classified in Level 3 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and ~~nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.~~2016. Separate account asset changes are reported separately under the heading “separate account assets” as the changes in fair values of these assets accrue directly to the policyholders. Gains and losses reported in these tables may include net changes in fair value that are attributable to both observable and unobservable inputs.

Changes in Level 3 financial assets and financial liabilities

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
(In millions)

Fixed Maturities &
Equity Securities

GMIB Assets

GMIB Liabilities

GMIB Net

Balance at July 1, 2016

    $
743

$
975

$
(947)

$
28

Gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income:

GMIB fair value gain/(loss)

-

(22)

22

-

Other

-

1

(6)

(5)

Total gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income

-

(21)

16

(5)

Gains included in other comprehensive income

12

-

-

-

Gains required to adjust future policy benefits for settlement annuities (1)

-

-

-

-

Purchases, sales and settlements:

Purchases

20

-

-

-

Sales

(1)

-

-

-

Settlements

(55)

(23)

23

-

Total purchases, sales and settlements

(36)

(23)

23

-

Transfers into/(out of) Level 3:

Transfers into Level 3

44

-

-

-

Transfers out of Level 3

(30)

-

-

-

Total transfers into/(out of) Level 3

14

-

-

-

Balance at September 30, 2016

    $
733

$
931

$
(908)

$
23

Total gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income attributable to instruments held at the reporting date

    $
-

$
(21)

$
16

$
(5)

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 (In millions)	Fixed Maturities & Equity Securities		GMIB Assets		GMIB Liabilities		GMIB Net
Balance at July 1, 2015	$	666	$	867	$	(841)	$	26
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 (In millions)									Fixed Maturities & Equity Securities		GMIB Assets		GMIB Liabilities		GMIB Net
Balance at January 1, 2017									$	776	$	799	$	(780)	$	19
Gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income:
GMIB fair value gain/(loss)	-		104		(104)		-		-		(11)		11		-
Other	1		-		-		-		23		1		(4)		(3)
Total gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income	1		104		(104)		-		23		(10)		7		(3)
Losses included in other comprehensive income	(1)		-		-		-		(8)		-		-		-
Gains required to adjust future policy benefits for settlement annuities (1)	4		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Purchases, sales and settlements:
Purchases	25		-		-		-		25		-		-		-
Sales	(1)		-		-		-		(47)		-		-		-
Settlements	(13)		(10)		10		-		(27)		(12)		12		-
Total purchases, sales and settlements	11		(10)		10		-		(49)		(12)		12		-
Transfers into/(out of) Level 3:
Transfers into Level 3	48		-		-		-		40		-		-		-
Transfers out of Level 3	(8)		-		-		-		(55)		-		-		-
Total transfers into/(out of) Level 3	40		-		-		-		(15)		-		-		-
Balance at September 30, 2015	$	721	$	961	$	(935)	$	26
Balance at March 31, 2017									$	727	$	777	$	(761)	$	16
Total gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income attributable to instruments held at the reporting date	$	(1)	$	104	$	(104)	$	-	$	(6)	$	(10)	$	7	$	(3)

(1) Amounts do not accrue to shareholders.

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 (In millions)	Fixed Maturities & Equity Securities		GMIB Assets		GMIB Liabilities		GMIB Net
Balance at January 1, 2016	$	726	$	907	$	(885)	$	22
Gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income:
GMIB fair value gain/(loss)	-		61		(61)		-
Other	(25)		(1)		(5)		(6)
Total gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income	(25)		60		(66)		(6)
Losses included in other comprehensive income	-		-		-		-
Gains required to adjust future policy benefits for settlement annuities (1)	11		-		-		-
Purchases, sales and settlements:
Purchases	24		-		-		-
Sales	-		-		-		-
Settlements	(11)		(10)		10		-
Total purchases, sales and settlements	13		(10)		10		-
Transfers into/(out of) Level 3:
Transfers into Level 3	128		-		-		-
Transfers out of Level 3	(61)		-		-		-
Total transfers into/(out of) Level 3	67		-		-		-
Balance at March 31, 2016	$	792	$	957	$	(941)	$	16
Total gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income attributable to instruments held at the reporting date	$	(25)	$	60	$	(66)	$	(6)

(1) Amounts do not accrue to shareholders.

Changes in Level 3 financial assets and financial liabilities

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
(In millions)

Fixed Maturities &
Equity Securities

GMIB Assets

GMIB Liabilities

GMIB Net

Balance at January 1, 2016

    $
726

$
907

$
(885)

$
22

Gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income:

GMIB fair value gain/(loss)

-

71

(71)

-

Other

(16)

-

1

1

Total gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income

(16)

71

(70)

1

Gains included in other comprehensive income

11

-

-

-

Gains required to adjust future policy benefits for settlement annuities (1)

35

-

-

-

Purchases, sales and settlements:

Purchases

67

-

-

-

Sales

(126)

-

-

-

Settlements

(71)

(47)

47

-

Total purchases, sales and settlements

(130)

(47)

47

-

Transfers into/(out of) Level 3:

Transfers into Level 3

235

-

-

-

Transfers out of Level 3

(128)

-

-

-

Total transfers into/(out of) Level 3

107

-

-

-

Balance at September 30, 2016

    $
733

$
931

$
(908)

$
23

Total gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income attributable to instruments held at the reporting date

    $
(11)

$
71

$
(70)

$
1

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
(In millions)

Fixed Maturities &
Equity Securities

GMIB Assets

GMIB Liabilities

GMIB Net

Balance at January 1, 2015

    $
857

$
953

$
(929)

$
24

Gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income:

GMIB fair value gain/(loss)

-

37

(37)

-

Other

29

-

2

2

Total gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income

29

37

(35)

2

Losses included in other comprehensive income

(18)

-

-

-

Gains required to adjust future policy benefits for settlement annuities (1)

6

-

-

-

Purchases, sales and settlements:

Purchases

136

-

-

-

Sales

(229)

-

-

-

Settlements

(20)

(29)

29

-

Total purchases, sales and settlements

(113)

(29)

29

-

Transfers into/(out of) Level 3:

Transfers into Level 3

49

-

-

-

Transfers out of Level 3

(89)

-

-

-

Total transfers into/(out of) Level 3

(40)

-

-

-

Balance at September 30, 2015

    $
721

$
961

$
(935)

$
26

Total gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income attributable to instruments held at the reporting date

    $
(1)

$
37

$
(35)

$
2

~~(1) Amounts do not accrue to shareholders.~~

As noted in the preceding tables, ~~above,~~ total gains and losses included in shareholders’ net income are reflected in the following captions in the Consolidated Statements of Income:

·	Realized investment gains (losses) and net investment income for amounts related to fixed maturities and equity securities and realized investment gains (losses) for the impact of changes in non-performance risk related to GMIB assets and liabilities, similar to hedge ineffectiveness; and
·	Other operating expenses for amounts related to GMIB assets and liabilities (GMIB fair value gain/loss), except for the impact of changes in non-performance risk.

In the tables above, gains and losses included in other comprehensive income are reflected in net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on securities in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Reclassifications impacting Level 3 financial instruments are reported as transfers into or out of the Level 3 category as of the beginning of the quarter in which the transfer occurs. Therefore gains and losses in income only reflect activity for the period the instrument was classified in Level 3.

Transfers into or out of the Level 3 category occur when unobservable inputs, such as the Company’s best estimate of what a market participant would use to determine a current transaction price, become more or less significant to the fair value measurement. For the three months ended ~~September 30, 2016,~~March 31, 2017, transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 primarily reflect changes in liquidity and credit risk estimates for certain private placement issuers in the ~~significance of unobservable inputs used to value several securities across~~metals and mining, electric and capital goods sectors. For the ~~foreign government and consumer sectors. Additionally, for the nine~~three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2016, transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 primarily reflect changes in liquidity and credit risk estimates for certain private placement issuers in the metals and mining and energy ~~and consumer~~ sectors. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2015, transfers out of Level 3 primarily reflect a change in the significance of the unobservable inputs related to liquidity and credit estimates used to value several private corporate bonds.

Separate account assets

Fair values and changes in the fair values of separate account assets generally accrue directly to the policyholders and are excluded from the Company’s revenues and expenses. ~~Beginning~~See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in the Company’s 2016 ~~investments that are measured using the practical expedient of NAV (see Note 2~~Form 10-K for additional ~~information) are excluded from the fair value hierarchy. Prior periods have been reclassified~~policy information related to ~~conform to the current presentation.~~ separate accounts.

As of ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 and December 31, ~~2015,~~2016, separate account assets were as follows:

September 30, 2016 (In millions)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total

March 31, 2017 (In millions)									Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Guaranteed separate accounts (See Note 16)	$	246	$	271	$	-	$	517	$	245	$	263	$	-	$	508
Non-guaranteed separate accounts (1)	1,407		4,947		346		6,700		1,435		5,076		330		6,841
Subtotal	$	1,653	$	5,218	$	346	7,217		$	1,680	$	5,339	$	330	7,349
Non-guaranteed separate accounts priced at NAV as a practical expedient (1)							939								848
Total separate account assets							$	8,156							$	8,197

December 31, 2015
December 31, 2016
Guaranteed separate accounts (See Note 16)	$	235	$	274	$	-	$	509	$	238	$	262	$	-	$	500
Non-guaranteed separate accounts (1)	1,401		4,698		297		6,396		1,368		4,885		331		6,584
Subtotal	$	1,636	$	4,972	$	297	6,905		$	1,606	$	5,147	$	331	7,084
Non-guaranteed separate accounts priced at NAV as a practical expedient (1)							928								856
Total separate account assets							$	7,833							$	7,940

(1) Non-guaranteed separate accounts included ~~$3.7~~$3.8 billion as of ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 and ~~$3.6~~$3.7 billion as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016 in assets supporting the Company’s pension plans, including ~~$ 0.3~~$0.3 billion classified in Level 3 for both periods and $0.8 billion as of March 31, 2017 and $0.9 billion as of December 31, 2016 priced at ~~NAV~~net asset value (“NAV”) as a practical ~~expedient for both periods.~~expedient.

Separate account assets in Level 1 primarily include exchange-listed equity securities. Level 2 assets primarily include:

·	corporate and structured bonds valued using recent trades of similar securities or pricing models that discount future cash flows at estimated market interest rates as described above; and
·	actively-traded institutional and retail mutual fund investments and separate accounts priced using the daily net asset value that is the exit price.

Separate account assets classified in Level 3 primarily support Cigna’s pension plans, and include certain newly issued, privately-placed, complex, or illiquid securities that are priced using methods discussed above, as well as commercial mortgage loans that are valued according to the methodologies discussed below. The following tables summarize the changes in separate account assets reported in Level 3 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and ~~nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.~~2016.


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended				Three Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,				March 31,
(In millions)	2016		2015		2016		2015		2017			2016
Balance, beginning of period	$	333	$	273	$	297	$	255	$	331		$	297
Policyholder gains (losses)	2		(1)		3		(3)		27			(1		)
Purchases, sales and settlements:
Purchases	7		4		12		33		10			4
Sales	-		-		(1)		-		(35		)	(1		)
Settlements	(3)		(3)		(5)		(8)		(1		)	(2		)
Total purchases, sales and settlements	4		1		6		25		(26		)	1
Transfers into/(out of) Level 3:
Transfers into Level 3	7		16		46		16		-			23
Transfers out of Level 3	-		(3)		(6)		(7)		(2		)	(3		)
Total transfers into/(out of) Level 3	7		13		40		9		(2		)	20
Balance, end of period	$	346	$	286	$	346	$	286	$	330		$	317

Separate account investments in securities partnerships, real estate, and hedge funds are generally valued based on the separate account’s ownership share of the equity of the investee (NAV as a practical expedient), including changes in the fair values of its underlying investments. Substantially all of these assets support the Cigna Pension Plans. The table below provides additional information on these investments.


	Fair Value as of				Unfunded		Redemption Frequency	Redemption Notice	Fair Value as of				Unfunded		Redemption Frequency	Redemption Notice
(In millions)	September 30, 2016		December 31, 2015		Commitments		(if currently eligible)*	Period*	March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016		Commitments		(if currently eligible) (1)	Period (1)
Security Partnerships	$	460	$	406	$	279	Not applicable	Not applicable	$	409	$	424	$	340	Not applicable	Not applicable
Real Estate Funds	281		261		-		Quarterly	45-90 days	234		231		-		Quarterly	45-90 days
Hedge Funds	198		261		-		Up to Annually, varying by fund	30-90 days	205		201		-		Up to Annually, varying by fund	30-90 days
Total	$	939	$	928	$	279			$	848	$	856	$	340

* (1)The attributes noted are effective as of ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 and December 31, ~~2015.~~2016.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value under Certain Conditions

Some financial assets and liabilities are not carried at fair value each reporting period, but may be measured using fair value only under certain conditions, such as investments in real estate, partnership entities and commercial mortgage loans when they become impaired. Impaired values for these asset types classified as Level 3 representing less than 1% of total investments, were written down to their fair values, resulting in realized investment losses of $3$1 million after-tax for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2016 and $7 million after-tax~~March 31, 2017. There were no impaired real estate entities or commercial mortgage loans written down to fair value for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2015.~~March 31, 2016.

Fair Value Disclosures for Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

The following table includes the Company’s financial instruments not recorded at fair value that are subject to fair value disclosure requirements at ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 and December 31, ~~2015.~~2016. In addition to universal life products and capital leases, financial instruments that are carried in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements at amounts that approximate fair value are excluded from the following table.


	Classification in	September 30, 2016				December 31, 2015				Classification in	March 31, 2017				December 31, 2016
(In millions)	the Fair Value Hierarchy	Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		the Fair Value Hierarchy	Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value
Commercial mortgage loans	Level 3	$	1,887	$	1,822	$	1,911	$	1,864	Level 3	$	1,776	$	1,752	$	1,682	$	1,666
Contractholder deposit funds, excluding universal life products	Level 3	$	1,229	$	1,218	$	1,151	$	1,148	Level 3	$	1,206	$	1,203	$	1,215	$	1,212
Long-term debt, including current maturities, excluding capital leases	Level 2	$	5,802	$	5,012	$	5,515	$	5,020	Level 2	$	5,331	$	4,735	$	5,460	$	4,991

The fair values for all financial instruments presented in the table above have been estimated using market information when available. The following valuation methodologies and inputs are used by the Company to determine fair value.

Commercial mortgage loans. The Company estimates the fair value of commercial mortgage loans generally by discounting the contractual cash flows ~~using~~at estimated market interest rates that reflect the Company’s assessment of the credit quality of the loans. Market interest rates are derived by calculating the appropriate spread over comparable U.S. Treasury rates based on the property type, quality rating and average life of the loan. The quality ratings reflect the relative risk of the loan considering debt service coverage, the loan-to-value ratio and other factors. Fair values of impaired mortgage loans are based on the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral generally determined using an internal discounted cash flow model. The fair value measurements were classified in Level 3 because the cash flow models incorporate significant unobservable inputs.

Contractholder deposit funds, excluding universal life products. Generally, these funds do not have stated maturities. Approximately 70% of these balances can be withdrawn by the customer at any time without prior notice or penalty. The fair value for these contracts is the amount estimated to be payable to the customer as of the reporting date, which is generally the carrying value. Most of the remaining contractholder deposit funds are reinsured by the buyers of the individual life and annuity and retirement benefits businesses. The fair value for these contracts is determined using the fair value of these buyers’ assets supporting these reinsured contracts. The Company had reinsurance recoverables equal to the carrying value of these reinsured contracts. These instruments were classified in Level 3 because certain inputs are unobservable (supported by little or no market activity) and significant to their resulting fair value measurement.

Long-term debt, including current maturities, excluding capital leases. The fair value of long-term debt is based on quoted market prices for recent trades. When quoted market prices are not available, fair value is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis and the Company’s estimated current borrowing rate for debt of similar terms and remaining maturities. These measurements were classified in Level 2 because the fair values are based on quoted market prices or other inputs that are market observable or can be corroborated by market data.

Fair values of ~~off-balance-sheet~~off-balance sheet financial instruments were not material as of ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 and December 31, ~~2015.~~2016.

Note 810 — Investments

~~Total Realized Investment Gains and Losses~~

~~The following realized gains and (losses) on~~Cigna’s investment portfolio consists of a broad range of investments ~~exclude amounts required to adjust future policy benefits for the run-off settlement annuity business:~~

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,
(In millions)

2016

2015

2016

2015
Fixed maturities

     $
7

     $
(57)

     $
(5)

     $
(38)
Equity securities

(1)

28

-

42
Commercial mortgage loans

-

-

4

2
Other investments, including derivatives

69

39

111

98
Realized investment gains before income taxes

75

10

110

104
Less income taxes

27

3

39

36
Net realized investment gains

     $
48

     $
7

     $
71

     $
68

~~Included in these realized investment gains (losses) were pre-tax asset write-downs as follows:~~

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,
(In millions)

2016

2015

2016

2015
Other-than-temporary impairments on debt securities:

Credit-related

     $
-

     $
(3)

     $
(19)

     $
(4)
Non credit-related (1)

(1)

(55)

(12)

(69)
Total other-than-temporary impairments on debt securities

(1)

(58)

(31)

(73)
Other asset write-downs (2)

-

(1)

(13)

(12)
Total

     $
(1)

     $
(59)

     $
(44)

     $
(85)

(1) These write-downs pertain to other-than-temporary declines in fair values due to increases in market yields (widening of credit spreads), particularly within the energy sector, for certain below investment grade fixed maturities with an increased probability of sales activity prior to recovery of their amortized cost basis.

(2) Other asset write-downs include other-than-temporary declines in fair values of equity securities, increases in valuation reserves on commercial mortgage loans and asset write-downs related to real estate investments and security partnerships.

~~Sales information for available-for-sale~~including fixed maturities and equity securities, ~~was as follows:~~commercial mortgage loans, other long-term investments and short-term investments. The sections below provide more detail regarding our investment balances, net investment income and realized investment gains and losses. See Note 9 for information about the valuation of the Company’s investment portfolio. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in the Company’s 2016 Form 10-K for accounting policies for each investment type.

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,
(In millions)

2016

2015

2016

2015
Proceeds from sales

     $
300

     $
275

     $
1,012

     $
1,452
Gross gains on sales

     $
9

     $
31

     $
43

     $
82
Gross losses on sales

     $
-

     $
3

     $
6

     $
7

A.Investment Portfolio

~~Table of Contents~~

Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities

The amortized cost and fair value by contractual maturity periods for fixed maturities were as follows at ~~September 30, 2016:~~March 31, 2017:

Amortized

Fair

Amortized

Fair

(In millions)

Cost

Value

Cost

Value

Due in one year or less

1,550

1,557

1,405

1,416

Due after one year through five years

6,581

6,928

6,717

6,976

Due after five years through ten years

7,353

7,881

8,481

8,667

Due after ten years

3,447

4,379

3,586

4,196

Mortgage and other asset-backed securities

461

499

450

479

Total

19,392

21,244

Total fixed maturities

20,639

21,734

Actual maturities of these securities could differ from their contractual maturities used in the table above. This could occur because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations, with or without penalties.

Gross unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on fixed maturities by type of issuer is shown below.


			Gross		Gross						Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair		Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Appreciation		Depreciation		Value		Cost		Appreciation		Depreciation		Value
(In millions)	September 30, 2016								March 31, 2017
Federal government and agency	$	452	$	298	$	-	$	750	$	667	$	233	$	(3)	$	897
State and local government	1,360		148		-		1,508		1,324		100		(5)		1,419
Foreign government	2,104		221		(3)		2,322		2,206		122		(16)		2,312
Corporate	15,015		1,192		(42)		16,165		15,992		744		(109)		16,627
Mortgage-backed	35		2		(1)		36
Other asset-backed	426		40		(3)		463
Total	$	19,392	$	1,901	$	(49)	$	21,244
Mortgage and other asset-backed									450		32		(3)		479
Total fixed maturities									$	20,639	$	1,231	$	(136)	$	21,734

(In millions)	December 31, 2015								December 31, 2016
Federal government and agency	$	528	$	251	$	-	$	779	$	658	$	223	$	(4)	$	877
State and local government	1,496		147		(2)		1,641		1,342		99		(6)		1,435
Foreign government	1,870		147		(3)		2,014		1,998		129		(14)		2,113
Corporate	14,022		632		(206)		14,448		15,483		716		(149)		16,050
Mortgage-backed	48		2		(1)		49
Other asset-backed	492		39		(7)		524
Total	$	18,456	$	1,218	$	(219)	$	19,455
Mortgage and other asset-backed									461		29		(4)		486
Total fixed maturities									$	19,942	$	1,196	$	(177)	$	20,961

The above table includes investments with a fair value of ~~$2.9 billion at September 30, 2016 and~~ $2.7 billion at March 31, 2017 and December 31, ~~2015~~2016 supporting liabilities of the Company’s run-off settlement annuity business. These investments had gross unrealized appreciation of ~~$752~~$555 million and gross unrealized depreciation of $2$12 million at ~~September 30, 2016,~~March 31, 2017, compared with gross unrealized appreciation of ~~$521~~$539 million and gross unrealized depreciation of ~~$38~~$15 million at December 31, ~~2015. Such unrealized amounts are reported in future policy benefit liabilities rather than accumulated other comprehensive income.~~2016.

Review of declines in fair value. Management reviews fixed maturities with a decline in fair value from cost for impairment based on criteria that include:

· length of time and severity of decline;

· financial health and specific near term prospects of the issuer;

· changes in the regulatory, economic or general market environment of the issuer’s industry or geographic region; and

· the Company’s intent to sell or the likelihood of a required sale prior to expected recovery.

The table below summarizes fixed maturities in an unrealized loss position at ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 by the length of time these securities have been in an unrealized loss position. These fixed maturities were primarily corporate securities with a decline in fair value that reflects an increase in market yields since purchase.


	September 30, 2016							March 31, 2017
	Fair		Amortized		Unrealized		Number	Fair		Amortized		Unrealized		Number
(Dollars in millions)	Value		Cost		Depreciation		of Issues	Value		Cost		Depreciation		of Issues
One year or less:
Investment grade	$	784	$	797	$	(13)	329	$	3,960	$	4,067	$	(107)	870
Below investment grade	$	277	$	283	$	(6)	122	$	619	$	630	$	(11)	532
More than one year:
Investment grade	$	331	$	345	$	(14)	58	$	265	$	276	$	(11)	47
Below investment grade	$	181	$	197	$	(16)	32	$	116	$	123	$	(7)	21

As of March 31, 2017, equity securities also included an investment of approximately $400 million in an exchange traded fund (“ETF”) with a gross unrealized loss of $4 million. There were no other available for sale equity securities with a significant unrealized loss reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income at ~~September 30, 2016.~~ March 31, 2017.

Equity securities ~~also~~ include hybrid investments consisting of preferred stock with call features that are carried at fair value with changes in fair value reported in other realized investment gains (losses) and dividends reported in net investment income. As of ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, fair values of these securities were $36 million and amortized cost was ~~$51 million. As of December 31, 2015, fair values of these securities were $52 million and amortized cost was $66~~$49 million.

Commercial Mortgage Loans

Mortgage loans held by the Company are made exclusively to commercial borrowers and are diversified by property type, location and borrower. Loans are generally issued at a fixed rate of interest and are secured by high quality, primarily completed and substantially leased operating properties.

Credit quality. The Company regularly evaluates and monitors credit risk, beginning with the initial underwriting of a mortgage loan and continuing throughout the investment holding period. Mortgage origination professionals employ an internal credit quality rating system designed to evaluate the relative risk of the transaction at origination that is then updated each year as part of the annual portfolio loan review. The Company evaluates and monitors credit quality on an ongoing basis, classifying each loan as a loan in good standing, potential problem loan or problem loan.

Quality ratings are based on our evaluation of a number of key inputs related to the loan including real estate market-related factors such as rental rates and vacancies, and property-specific inputs such as growth rate assumptions and lease rollover statistics. However, the two most significant contributors to the credit quality rating are the debt service coverage and loan-to-value ratios. The debt service coverage ratio measures the amount of property cash flow available to meet annual interest and principal payments on the debt, with a ratio below 1.0 indicating that there is not enough cash flow to cover the required loan payments. The loan-to-value ratio, commonly expressed as a percentage, compares the amount of the loan to the fair value of the underlying property collateralizing the loan.

The following tables summarize the credit risk profile of the Company’s commercial mortgage loan portfolio based on loan-to-value and debt service coverage ratios, as of ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 and December 31, ~~2015:~~2016:

	September 30, 2016
	Debt Service Coverage Ratio												Debt Service Coverage Ratio
													1.30x or		1.20x to		1.10x to		1.00x to		Less than
Loan-to-Value Ratios													Greater		1.29x		1.19x		1.09x		1.00x			Total
(In millions)	1.30x or		1.20x to		1.10x to		1.00x to		Less than				March 31, 2017
Loan-to-Value Ratios	Greater		1.29x		1.19x		1.09x		1.00x		Total
Below 50%	$	465	$	15	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	480	$	331	$	15	$	-	$	-	$	-		$	346
50% to 59%	518		24		19		30		-		591		516		46		42		30		-			634
60% to 69%	651		14		-		-		-		665		687		14		-		-		-			701
70% to 79%	-		-		30		-		35		65		-		-		30		-		35			65
80% to 89%	-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-			-
90% to 100%	-		-		-		-		21		21		-		-		-		-		6			6
Total	$	1,634	$	53	$	49	$	30	$	56	$	1,822	$	1,534	$	75	$	72	$	30	$	41		$	1,752

(In millions)													December 31, 2016
Below 50%													$	335	$	15	$	-	$	-	$		-	$	350
50% to 59%													517		46		-		30		-			593
60% to 69%													624		14		-		-		-			638
70% to 79%													-		-		29		-		35			64
80% to 89%													-		-		-		-		-			-
90% to 100%													-		-		-		-		21			21
Total													$	1,476	$	75	$	29	$	30	$		56	$	1,666

December 31, 2015

Debt Service Coverage Ratio

(In millions)

1.30x or

1.20x to

1.10x to

1.00x to

Less than

Loan-to-Value Ratios

Greater

1.29x

1.19x

1.09x

1.00x

Total

Below 50%

    $
261

    $
2

    $
-

    $
67

    $
-

    $
330

50% to 59%

683

-

-

24

-

707

60% to 69%

590

14

-

19

-

623

70% to 79%

-

-

-

30

36

66

80% to 89%

40

-

-

-

-

40

90% to 100%

-

-

-

-

98

98

Total

    $
1,574

    $
16

    $
-

    $
140

    $
134

    $
1,864

The Company’s annual in-depth review of its commercial mortgage loan investments is the primary mechanism for identifying emerging risks in the portfolio. The most recent review was completed by the Company’s investment professionals in the second quarter of 2016 and included an analysis of each underlying property’s most recent annual financial statements, rent rolls, operating plans, budgets, a physical inspection of the property and other pertinent factors. Based on historical results, current leases, lease expirations and rental conditions in each market, the Company estimates the current year and future stabilized property income and fair value and categorizes the investments as loans in good standing, potential problem loans or problem loans. The results of the 2016 review showed improvement from the prior review in each of the key metrics and confirmed the overall strength of the portfolio. Based on property values and cash flows estimated as part of this review, and considering updates for loans where material changes were subsequently identified, the portfolio’s average loan-to-value ratio improved to 56% at September 30, 2016 compared with 58% at December 31, 2015 and the portfolio’s average debt service coverage ratio improved to 1.93 at September 30, 2016 compared with 1.78 at December 31, 2015. These improvements are primarily attributable to improvements in property operations and the relative stability of these metrics is primarily due to low portfolio turnover.

The Company will reevaluate a loan’s credit quality between annual reviews if new property information is received or an event such as delinquency or a borrower’s request for restructure causes management to believe that the Company’s estimate of financial performance, fair value or the risk profile of the underlying property has been impacted. The portfolio’s average loan-to-value ratio remained at 57% at March 31, 2017 and the portfolio’s average debt service coverage ratio remained at 1.95 at March 31, 2017 compared with December 31, 2016.

Potential problem mortgage loans are considered current (no payment is more than 59 days past due), but they exhibit certain characteristics that increase the likelihood of future default. The characteristics management considers include, but are not limited to, the deterioration of debt service coverage below 1.0, estimated loan-to-value ratios increasing to 100% or more, downgrade in quality rating and requests from the borrower for restructuring. In addition, loans are considered potential problems if principal or interest payments are past due by more than 30 but less than 60 days. Problem mortgage loans are either in default by 60 days or more or have been restructured as to terms that could include concessions on interest rate, principal payment or maturity date. The Company monitors each problem and potential problem mortgage loan on an ongoing basis, and updates the loan categorization and quality rating when warranted.

Problem and potential problem mortgage loans, net of valuation reserves, totaled ~~$21~~$6 million at ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 and ~~$139~~$21 million at December 31, ~~2015.~~2016.

Impaired commercial mortgage loans. A commercial mortgage loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will not collect all amounts due according to the terms of the original loan agreement. These loans are included in either problem or potential problem loans. The Company monitors credit risk and assesses the impairment of loans individually and on a consistent basis for all loans in the portfolio. Impaired loans are carried at the lower of unpaid principal balance or the fair value of the underlying real estate. Certain commercial mortgage loans without valuation reserves are considered impaired because the Company will not collect all interest due according to the terms of the original agreements; however, the Company expects to recover the unpaid principal because it is less than the fair value of the underlying real estate. The Company recognizes interest income on impaired mortgage loans only when payment is actually received.

The carrying value of the Company’s impaired commercial mortgage loans and related valuation reserves were as follows:


	September 30, 2016						December 31, 2015						March 31, 2017						December 31, 2016
(In millions)	Gross		Reserves		Net		Gross		Reserves		Net		Gross		Reserves		Net		Gross		Reserves		Net
Impaired commercial mortgage loans with valuation reserves	$	26	$	(5)	$	21	$	113	$	(15)	$	98	$	9	$	(3)	$	6	$	26	$	(5)	$	21
Impaired commercial mortgage loans without valuation reserves	-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	26	$	(5)	$	21	$	113	$	(15)	$	98
Total impaired commercial mortgage loans													$	9	$	(3)	$	6	$	26	$	(5)	$	21

~~The~~For the three months ended March 31, 2017, the average recorded investment in impaired loans decreased to ~~$83~~$18 million ~~during~~in 2017 compared with $112 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2016, ~~versus $129 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, partially~~primarily due to ~~foreclosing on~~the foreclosure of one impaired ~~loan. Because~~loan and the full payoff of ~~the risk profile of the underlying investment, the Company recognizes interest income on impaired mortgage loans only when payment is actually received.~~another.

Changes in valuation reserves for commercial mortgage loans were not material for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 and ~~2015.~~2016.

~~Short-term investments~~Short-Term Investments and ~~cash equivalents~~Cash Equivalents

Short-term investments and cash equivalents included corporate securities of ~~$2.3~~$2.4 billion, federal government securities of ~~$567~~$597 million and money market funds of ~~$40~~$17 million as of ~~September 30, 2016.~~March 31, 2017. The Company’s short-term investments and cash equivalents as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016 included corporate securities of ~~$925 million,~~$2.2 billion, federal government securities of ~~$220~~$378 million and money market funds of ~~$55~~$11 million.

B.Realized Investment Gains and Losses

The following realized gains and (losses) on investments exclude amounts required to adjust future policy benefits for the run-off settlement annuity business.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(In millions)	2017		2016
Fixed maturities	$	2	$	(18)
Equity securities	33		(10)
Other investments, including derivatives	11		(4)
Realized investment gains (losses) before income taxes	46		(32)
Less income taxes (benefits)	15		(11)
Net realized investment gains (losses)	$	31	$	(21)

Included in these realized investment gains (losses) were pre-tax asset write-downs as follows:

Three Months Ended

March 31,

(In millions)

2017

2016

Other-than-temporary impairments on debt securities:

Credit-related

(5)

(18)

Non credit-related (1)

(2)

(9)

Total other-than-temporary impairments on debt securities

(7)

(27)

Other asset write-downs (2)

(3)

(9)

Total write-downs

(10)

(36)

(1) These write-downs pertain to other-than-temporary declines in fair values due to increases in market yields (widening of credit spreads) for certain below investment grade fixed maturities with an increased probability of sales activity prior to recovery of their amortized cost basis.

(2) Other asset write-downs include other-than-temporary declines in fair values of equity securities and asset write-downs related to real estate investments.

The following table presents sales information for available-for-sale fixed maturities and equity securities. Gross gains on sales and gross losses on sales exclude amounts required to adjust future policy benefits for the run-off settlement annuity business.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(In millions)	2017		2016
Proceeds from sales	$	414	$	361
Gross gains on sales	$	47	$	12
Gross losses on sales	$	2	$	5

Note 9 11— Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage the characteristics of investment assets (such as duration, yield, currency and liquidity) to meet the varying demands of the related insurance and contractholder liabilities (such as paying claims, investment returns and withdrawals) and to hedge interest rate risk of its long-term debt. The Company has written and purchased GMIB reinsurance contracts in its run-off reinsurance business that are accounted for as freestanding ~~derivatives. For further information on the Company’s accounting policy for derivative financial instruments, see~~derivatives and discussed in Note ~~2(C) to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in the Company’s 2015 Form 10-K.~~8. Derivatives in the Company’s separate accounts are excluded from the following discussion because associated gains and losses generally accrue directly to separate account policyholders.

~~Collateral and termination features.~~Accounting policy. The Company ~~routinely monitors exposure to credit risk associated with~~applies hedge accounting when derivatives are designated, qualified and ~~diversifies~~highly effective as hedges. Effectiveness is formally assessed and documented at inception and each period throughout the ~~portfolio among approved dealers~~life of ~~high credit quality to minimize this risk. As of September 30, 2016, the Company had $14 million in cash on deposit representing the upfront margin required~~a hedge using various quantitative methods appropriate for the Company’s centrally-cleared derivative instruments. Certain of the Company’s over-the-counter derivative instruments contain provisions requiring either the Company or the counterparty to post collateral or demand immediate payment depending on the amount of the net liability positioneach hedge, including regression analysis and predefined financial strength or credit rating thresholds. Collateral posting requirements vary by counterparty. The net asset or liability positions of these derivatives were not material as of September 30, 2016 or December 31, 2015.

~~Investment Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedges~~

~~Using cash flow~~dollar offset. Under hedge accounting, the Company entered into interest rate, foreign currency, and combination (interest rate and foreign currency) swap contracts to hedge the interest and foreign currency cash flows of its fixed maturity bonds to match associated insurance liabilities. Fair values are reported in other long-term investments or accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities. Changes in fair value are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income and amortized into net investment income or reported in other realized investment gains and losses as interest or principal payments are received.

~~Beginning in the second quarter of 2016, the Company entered into a foreign currency swap contract to hedge the foreign exchange-related~~ changes in fair value of ~~a fixed maturity bond. Using fair value hedge accounting,~~ the ~~swap contract fair value is~~derivative and the hedged risk are generally recognized together and offset each other when reported in ~~other long-term investments or accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities.~~shareholders’ net income. Changes in the fair value of ~~the swap contract, as well as~~a derivative instrument may not always equal changes in the fair value of the hedged ~~bond attributable~~item. This is referred to ~~the hedged risk are reported~~as ‘‘hedge ineffectiveness’’ and is generally recorded in ~~other~~ realized investment gains and losses.

~~Under~~ In the ~~terms~~event of ~~these various contracts,~~an early hedge termination, the ~~Company periodically exchanges~~changes in fair value of derivatives that qualified for hedge accounting are reported in shareholders’ net income, generally as a part of realized investment gains and losses. See Note 9 for further information on our policies for determining fair value. Derivative cash flows ~~between variable and fixed interest rates or between two currencies for both principal and interest. Foreign currency and combination swaps~~ are ~~primarily Euros, Canadian dollars and Japanese yen and have terms for periods of up to seven years. Net interest cash flows are~~generally reported in operating activities.

The notional values of cash flow hedge swaps were $65 million as of September 30, 2016 and $131 million as of December 31, 2015. The notional value of the fair value hedge swap entered into beginning in the second quarter of 2016 was $23 million as of September 30, 2016.

~~The effects of these derivative instruments~~following tables provide information on the ~~Consolidated Financial Statements were not material as~~Company’s specific applications of ~~September 30, 2016~~derivative financial instruments during the periods ended March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2015, and for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. No material amounts were excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and no significant gains or losses were recognized due to hedge ineffectiveness.

~~Investment Economic Hedges~~

During the third quarter of 2016, the Company entered into a foreign currency forward contract to hedge the foreign exchange related changes in fair value of U.S. dollar-denominated fixed maturity bonds back to the local currency for one of its foreign subsidiaries. This arrangement was not designated as an accounting hedge, and therefore the forward contract fair value is reported in short-term investments or accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities, and changes in fair value are reported in other realized investment gains and losses.

Under the terms of this contract, the Company agrees to purchase South Korean won in exchange for U.S. dollars at a future date, generally within three months from the contract’s trade date. Cash flows on foreign currency forward contracts are reported in operating activities.

~~The notional value of the forward contract entered into during the third quarter of 2016 was $50 million as of September 30,~~ 2016.

~~The effects of these derivative instruments on the Consolidated Financial Statements were not material as of and for the three months ended September 30, 2016.~~

Fair Value Hedge of Long-Term Corporate Debt
Notional Value (in millions)
~~The Company entered into interest~~Type of instrument. Interest rate swap contracts to
March 31, 2017
December 31, 2016
$
750
$
750
Purpose. To convert a portion of the interest rate exposure on ~~its~~the Company’s long-term debt from fixed to variable ~~rates to~~rates. This more closely ~~align~~aligns the Company’s interest expense with the interest income received on its cash equivalent and short-term investment balances. The variable rates are benchmarked to LIBOR.

Terms of derivative instruments. The Company provides upfront margin and settles fair value changes and net interest between variable and fixed rates daily with a central clearinghouse.
Accounting.Using fair value hedge accounting, the fair values of the swap contracts are reported in other assets, including other intangibles, or accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities. ~~As the~~The critical terms of these swaps match those of the long-term debt being ~~hedged,~~hedged. As a result, the carrying value of the hedged debt is adjusted to reflect changes in its fair value driven by LIBOR. The effects of those adjustments on other operating expenses are offset by the effects of corresponding changes in the swaps’ fair ~~value, including~~value. The net impact from the hedge reported in other operating expenses reflects interest expense ~~for~~on the ~~difference between~~hedged debt at the variable ~~and fixed~~ interest ~~rates.~~rate.

Under the terms of these contracts, the Company provides upfront margin and settles fair value changes and net interest between variable and fixed interest rates daily with a central clearinghouse. Net interest cash flows are reported in operating activities.
~~The notional values of these derivative instruments were $750 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.~~
The effects of these derivative instruments on the Consolidated Financial Statements were not material as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.
~~GMIB~~
The Company’s run-off reinsurance business has written reinsurance contracts with issuers of variable annuities that provide annuitants with certain guarantees of minimum income benefits resulting from the level of variable annuity account values compared with a contractually guaranteed amount (“GMIB liabilities”). According to the contractual terms of the written reinsurance contracts, payment by the Company depends on the actual account value in the underlying mutual funds and the level of interest rates when the contractholders elect to receive minimum income payments. The Company has purchased retrocessional coverage (“GMIB assets”) for these contracts, including the agreement with Berkshire in 2013, effectively exiting this business. See Note 6 for further details.
The fair value effects of GMIB contracts on the financial statements are included in Note 7 and their volume of activity is included in Note 16. Cash flows on these contracts are reported in operating activities.
~~Note 10~~
Cash Flow Hedges of Fixed Maturity Bonds
Notional Value (in millions)
Type of instrument. Foreign currency swap contracts
March 31, 2017
December 31, 2016
$
31

$
55

Purpose. To hedge the foreign currency cash flows of its fixed maturity bonds to match associated insurance liabilities.

Terms of derivative instruments. The Company periodically exchanges cash flows between two currencies for both principal and interest. Foreign currency swaps are Canadian dollars and Japanese yen and have terms for periods of up to four years.

Accounting. Using cash flow hedge accounting, fair values are reported in other long-term investments or accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities. Changes in fair values are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income and amortized into net investment income or other realized investment gains and losses as interest or principal payments are received.

Fair Value Hedges of Fixed Maturity Bonds	Notional Value (in millions)
Type of instrument. Foreign currency swap contracts	March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
	$	87	$	78

Purpose. To hedge the foreign exchange related changes in fair values of the Company’s fixed maturity bonds.

Terms of derivative instruments. The Company periodically exchanges cash flows between two currencies for both principal and interest. Foreign currency swaps are Euros and British pounds and have terms for periods of up to nine years.

Accounting. Using fair value hedge accounting, fair values are reported in other long-term investments or accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities. Changes in fair values of the swap contracts, as well as changes in the fair values of the hedged bonds attributable to the hedged risk are reported in other realized investment gains and losses.

Economic Hedges of a Fixed Maturity Bond Portfolio	Notional Value (in millions)
Type of instrument. Foreign currency forward contracts	March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
	$	150	$	149

Purpose. To hedge the foreign exchange related changes in fair values of a U.S. dollar-denominated fixed maturity bond portfolio to reflect the local currency for one of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries.

Terms of derivative instruments. The Company agrees to purchase South Korean won in exchange for U.S. dollars at a future date, generally within three months from the contracts’ trade dates.

Accounting. As these arrangements were not designated as accounting hedges, fair values are reported in short-term investments or accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities, and changes in fair values are reported in other realized investment gains and losses.

As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, and for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the effects of these derivative instruments on the Consolidated Financial Statements, including the amounts of gains or losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into shareholders’ net income, were not material. No material amounts were excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and no significant gains or losses were recognized due to hedge ineffectiveness.

Collateral and termination features. The Company routinely monitors exposure to credit risk associated with derivatives and diversifies the portfolio among approved dealers of high credit quality to minimize this risk. As of March 31, 2017, the Company had $13 million in cash on deposit representing the upfront margin required for the Company’s centrally-cleared derivative instruments. Certain of the Company’s over-the-counter derivative instruments contain provisions requiring either the Company or the counterparty to post collateral or demand immediate payment depending on the amount of the net liability position and predefined financial strength or credit rating thresholds. Collateral posting requirements vary by counterparty. The net asset or liability positions of these derivatives were not material as of March 31, 2017 or December 31, 2016.

Note 12— Variable Interest Entities

When the Company becomes involved with a variable interest entity, as well as when there is a change in the Company’s involvement with an entity, the Company evaluates the following to determine if it is the primary beneficiary and must consolidate the entity:

the structure and purpose of the entity;

·the risks and rewards created by and shared through the entity; and

·the Company’s ability to direct its activities, receive its benefits and absorb its losses relative to the other parties involved with the entity including its sponsors, equity holders, guarantors, creditors and servicers.

The Company owns interests in security and real estate limited partnerships that are now defined as variable interest entities under ASU 2015-02 (see Note 2). These partnerships invest in the equity or mezzanine debt of privately held companies and real estate properties. General partners unaffiliated with the Company control decisions that most significantly impact the partnership’s operations and the limited partners do not have substantive kick-out or participating rights. The Company’s maximum exposure to these entities of $1.9 billion across approximately 100 limited partnerships as of September 30, 2016 includes $1.0 billion reported in other long-term investments and commitments to contribute an additional $0.9 billion. The Company’s non-controlling interest in each of these limited partnerships is generally less than 10% of the partnership ownership interests.

In the normal course of its investing activities, the Company also makes passive investments in certain asset-backed and corporate securities that are issued by variable interest entities whose sponsors or issuers are unaffiliated with the Company. The Company receives fixed-rate cash flows from these investments and the maximum potential exposure to loss is limited to the carrying amount of $0.6 billion as of September 30, 2016, that is reported in fixed maturities. The Company’s combined ownership interests are insignificant relative to the total principal amounts issued by these entities.

To provide certain services to its Medicare Advantage customers, the Company contracts with independent physician associations (“IPAs”) that are variable interest entities. Physicians provide health care services to Medicare Advantage customers and the Company provides medical management and administrative services to the IPAs. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss related to the IPA arrangements is limited to their liability for incurred but not reported medical costs for the Company’s Medicare Advantage customers. These liabilities are not material and are generally secured by deposits maintained by the IPAs.

~~The Company is not the primary beneficiary of any of the variable interest entities described above and does not consolidate these entities because either:~~

· ~~it has no power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance; or~~

· ~~it has neither the right to receive benefits nor the obligation to absorb losses that could be significant to these variable interest entities.~~

The Company has not provided, and does not intend to provide, financial support to these entities that it is not contractually required to provide. The Company performs ongoing qualitative analyses of its involvement with these variable interest entities to determine if consolidation is required.

~~Note 11~~ ~~— Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans~~

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries provide pension, health care and life insurance defined benefits to eligible retired employees, spouses and other eligible dependents through various domestic and foreign plans. The effect of its foreign pension and other postretirement benefit plans is immaterial to the Company’s results of operations, liquidity and financial position. The Company froze its defined benefit postretirement medical plan in 2013 and its primary domestic pension plans in 2009.

As further discussed in Note 16, the Company and the Cigna Pension Plan are defendants in a class action lawsuit that has yet to be resolved. When the parties agree on a final plan amendment, the pension benefit obligation will be updated to reflect additional benefits resulting from this litigation.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company’s unrecognized actuarial losses and prior service costs (reported in accumulated other comprehensive income) decreased by $41 million pre-tax in the aggregate ($28 million after-tax) resulting in an increase in shareholders’ equity. This change was primarily the result of amortization.

~~Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits~~~~. Components of net pension and net other postretirement benefit costs were as follows:~~

Pension Benefits

Other Postretirement Benefits

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

(In millions)

2016

2015

2016

2015

2016

2015

2016

2015

Service cost

$
-

$
1

$
1

$
2

$
-

$
-

$
-

$
-

Interest cost

50

49

149

146

3

3

8

8

Expected long-term return on plan assets

(62)

(66)

(186)

(199)

-

-

-

-

Amortization of:

Net loss from past experience

17

17

50

52

-

-

-

-

Prior service cost

-

-

-

-

(1)

(1)

(2)

(2)

Net cost

$
5

$
1

$
14

$
1

$
2

$
2

$
6

$
6

The Company funds its domestic qualified pension plans at least at the minimum amount required by the Pension Protection Act of 2006. The Company did not make any pension contributions to these plans during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, and does not expect to make any such contributions for the remainder of 2016.

~~Note 12~~ ~~— Debt~~

~~Short-term and long-term debt were as follows:~~

September 30,

December 31,
(In millions)

2016

2015
Short-term:

Commercial paper

$
-

$
100
Current maturities of long-term debt

250

-
Other, including capital leases

21

49
Total short-term debt

$
271

$
149
Long-term:

$250 million, 5.375% Notes due 2017

$
-

$
249
$131 million, 6.35% Notes due 2018

131

131
$250 million, 4.375% Notes due 2020 (1)

260

254
$300 million, 5.125% Notes due 2020 (1)

307

303
$78 million, 6.37% Notes due 2021

78

78
$300 million, 4.5% Notes due 2021 (1)

311

304
$750 million, 4% Notes due 2022

743

743
$100 million, 7.65% Notes due 2023

100

100
$17 million, 8.3% Notes due 2023

17

17
$900 million, 3.25% Notes due 2025

893

892
$300 million, 7.875% Debentures due 2027

299

299
$83 million, 8.3% Step Down Notes due 2033

82

82
$500 million, 6.15% Notes due 2036

498

498
$300 million, 5.875% Notes due 2041

296

295
$750 million, 5.375% Notes due 2042

743

743
Other, including capital leases

22

32
Total long-term debt

$
4,780

$
5,020

(1) The Company has entered into interest rate swap contracts hedging a portion of these fixed-rate debt instruments. See Note 9 for further information about the Company’s interest rate risk management and these derivative instruments.

The Company has a five-year revolving credit and letter of credit agreement for $1.5 billion that permits up to $500 million to be used for letters of credit. This agreement extends through December 12, 2019 and is diversified among 16 banks, with three banks each having 12% of the commitment and the remainder spread among 13 banks. The credit agreement includes options subject to consent by the administrative agent and the committing banks to increase the commitment amount to $2 billion and to extend the term past December 12, 2019. The credit agreement is available for general corporate purposes, including for the issuance of letters of credit. The credit agreement contains customary covenants and restrictions, including a financial covenant that the Company may not permit its leverage ratio – which is total consolidated debt to total consolidated capitalization (each as defined in the credit agreement) – to be greater than 0.50. The leverage ratio calculation excludes the following items that are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets: net unrealized appreciation on fixed maturities and the portion of the post-retirement benefits liability adjustment attributable to pension.

In addition to the $5.1 billion of debt outstanding as of September 30, 2016, the Company had $9.5 billion of borrowing capacity within the maximum debt coverage covenant in the credit agreement. This additional borrowing capacity includes the $1.5 billion available under the credit agreement. Letters of credit outstanding as of September 30, 2016 totaled $14 million.

~~The Company was in compliance with its debt covenants as of September 30, 2016.~~

In April 2015, the Company redeemed two of its outstanding notes early. The Company paid a total of $955 million including accrued interest and expenses that resulted in a total pre-tax loss on early debt extinguishment of $100 million ($65 million after-tax). See Note 15 of the Company’s 2015 Form 10-K for further details.

~~Note 13~~ ~~— Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)~~

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) excludes amounts required to adjust future policy benefits for the run-off settlement annuity business and a portion of deferred acquisition costs associated with the corporate owned life insurance business. Changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:

Tax

(Expense)

After-
(In millions)

Pre-Tax

Benefit

Tax
Three Months Ended September 30,

2016

Net unrealized appreciation, securities, July 1,

    $
1,135

    $
(367)

    $
768
Unrealized appreciation on securities arising during the period

94

(24)

70
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) included in shareholders’ net income (realized investment gains)

(6)

2

(4)
Net unrealized appreciation, securities arising during the period

88

(22)

66
Net unrealized appreciation, securities, September 30,

    $
1,223

    $
(389)

    $
834
Net unrealized appreciation, derivatives, July 1,

    $
5

    $
(2)

    $
3
Unrealized appreciation on derivatives arising during the period

2

-

2
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) included in shareholders’ net income (other operating expenses)

(4)

1

(3)
Net unrealized (depreciation) on derivatives arising during the period

(2)

1

(1)
Net unrealized appreciation, derivatives, September 30,

    $
3

    $
(1)

    $
2
Net translation of foreign currencies, July 1,

    $
(251)

    $
18

    $
(233)
Net translation of foreign currencies arising during the period

55

-

55
Net translation of foreign currencies, September 30,

    $
(196)

    $
18

    $
(178)
Postretirement benefits liability adjustment, July 1,

    $
(2,127)

    $
745

    $
(1,382)
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of net losses from past experience and prior service costs (other operating expenses)

16

(4)

12
Net change due to valuation update

(3)

-

(3)
Net postretirement benefits liability adjustment arising during the period

13

(4)

9
Postretirement benefits liability adjustment, September 30,

    $
(2,114)

    $
741

    $
(1,373)

2015

Net unrealized appreciation, securities, July 1,

    $
733

    $
(259)

    $
474
Unrealized (depreciation) on securities arising during the period

(37)

26

(11)
Reclassification adjustment for losses included in shareholders’ net income (realized investment gains)

29

(10)

19
Net unrealized (depreciation), securities arising during the period

(8)

16

8
Net unrealized appreciation, securities, September 30,

    $
725

    $
(243)

    $
482
Net unrealized appreciation, derivatives, July 1,

    $
7

    $
(3)

    $
4
Unrealized appreciation on derivatives arising during the period

4

(1)

3
Net unrealized appreciation, derivatives, September 30,

    $
11

    $
(4)

    $
7
Net translation of foreign currencies, July 1,

    $
(165)

    $
17

    $
(148)
Net translation of foreign currencies arising during the period

(113)

1

(112)
Net translation of foreign currencies, September 30,

    $
(278)

    $
18

    $
(260)
Postretirement benefits liability adjustment, July 1,

    $
(2,240)

    $
785

    $
(1,455)
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of net losses from past experience and prior service costs (other operating expenses)

16

(5)

11
Postretirement benefits liability adjustment, September 30,

    $
(2,224)

    $
780

    $
(1,444)

Tax

(Expense)

After-
(In millions)

Pre-Tax

Benefit

Tax
Nine Months Ended September 30,

2016

Net unrealized appreciation, securities, January 1,

    $
612

    $
(194)

    $
418
Unrealized appreciation on securities arising during the period

606

(193)

413
Reclassification adjustment for losses included in shareholders’ net income (realized investment gains)

5

(2)

3
Net unrealized appreciation, securities arising during the period

611

(195)

416
Net unrealized appreciation, securities, September 30,

    $
1,223

    $
(389)

    $
834
Net unrealized appreciation, derivatives, January 1,

    $
10

    $
(3)

    $
7
Unrealized (depreciation), derivatives arising during the period

(3)

1

(2)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) included in shareholders’ net income (other operating expenses)

(4)

1

(3)
Net unrealized (depreciation), derivatives arising during the period

(7)

2

(5)
Net unrealized appreciation, derivatives, September 30,

    $
3

    $
(1)

    $
2
Net translation of foreign currencies, January 1,

    $
(295)

    $
21

    $
(274)
Net translation of foreign currencies arising during the period

99

(3)

96
Net translation of foreign currencies, September 30,

    $
(196)

    $
18

    $
(178)
Postretirement benefits liability adjustment, January 1,

    $
(2,155)

    $
754

    $
(1,401)
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of net losses from past experience and prior service costs (other operating expenses)

48

(15)

33
Net change due to valuation update

(7)

2

(5)
Net postretirement benefits liability adjustment arising during the period

41

(13)

28
Postretirement benefits liability adjustment, September 30,

    $
(2,114)

    $
741

    $
(1,373)

2015

Net unrealized appreciation, securities, January 1,

    $
955

    $
(335)

    $
620
Unrealized (depreciation) on securities arising during the period

(226)

90

(136)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) included in shareholders’ net income (realized investment gains)

(4)

2

(2)
Net unrealized (depreciation), securities arising during the period

(230)

92

(138)
Net unrealized appreciation, securities, September 30,

    $
725

    $
(243)

    $
482
Net unrealized (depreciation), derivatives, January 1,

    $
(12)

    $
4

    $
(8)
Unrealized appreciation, derivatives arising during the period

11

(4)

7
Reclassification adjustment for losses included in shareholders’ net income (other operating expenses)

12

(4)

8
Net unrealized appreciation, derivatives arising during the period

23

(8)

15
Net unrealized appreciation, derivatives, September 30,

    $
11

    $
(4)

    $
7
Net translation of foreign currencies, January 1,

    $
(71)

    $
9

    $
(62)
Net translation of foreign currencies arising during the period

(207)

9

(198)
Net translation of foreign currencies, September 30,

    $
(278)

    $
18

    $
(260)
Postretirement benefits liability adjustment, January 1,

    $
(2,286)

    $
800

    $
(1,486)
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of net losses from past experience and prior service costs (other operating expenses)

50

(17)

33
Net change due to valuation update

12

(3)

9
Net postretirement benefits liability adjustment arising during the period

62

(20)

42
Postretirement benefits liability adjustment, September 30,

    $
(2,224)

    $
780

    $
(1,444)

~~Note 14~~ ~~— Income Taxes~~

~~A. Income Tax Expense~~

The consolidated effective tax rates of 38.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 37.8% for the nine months ended 2015 reflect the health insurance industry tax that is not deductible for federal income tax purposes. The effective tax rate for 2016 also reflects tax benefits associated with adopting ASU 2016-09 effective January 1, 2016 as described in Note 2, partially offset by the impact of certain costs related to the pending Anthem transaction that are not tax deductible.

As part of its global capital management strategy, the Company’s foreign operations retain a significant portion of their earnings overseas. These undistributed earnings are deployed outside of the U.S. in support of the liquidity and capital needs of our foreign operations. The Company does not intend to repatriate these earnings to the U.S. and as a result, income taxes are provided using the respective foreign jurisdictions’ tax rate. The Company has accumulated undistributed foreign earnings of $2.8 billion as of September 30, 2016. If the Company had intended to repatriate these foreign earnings to the U.S., the Company’s consolidated balance sheet would have included an additional $405 million of deferred tax liabilities as of September 30, 2016.

~~B. Unrecognized Tax Benefits~~

~~Changes in unrecognized tax benefits were immaterial for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.~~

~~C. Other Tax Matters~~

The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) is expected to complete their examination of the Company’s 2011 and 2012 consolidated federal income tax returns during the fourth quarter of 2016, the result of which are expected to have minimal effect on consolidated shareholders net income.

~~Note 15~~ ~~— Segment Information~~

~~The financial results of the Company’s businesses are reported in the following segments:~~

~~Global Health Care~~ ~~aggregates the Commercial and Government operating segments due to their similar economic characteristics, products and services and regulatory environment:~~

· ~~The~~ ~~Commercial~~ operating segment encompasses both the U.S. commercial and certain international health care businesses serving employers and their employees, other groups and individuals. Products and services include medical, dental, behavioral health, vision, and prescription drug benefit plans, health advocacy programs and other products and services to insured and self-insured customers.

· ~~The~~ ~~Government~~ ~~operating segment offers Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D plans to seniors. This segment also offers Medicaid plans in selected markets.~~

~~Global Supplemental Benefits~~ ~~includes supplemental health, life and accident insurance products offered in selected international markets and in the U.S.~~

~~Group Disability and Life~~ ~~provides group long-term and short-term disability, group life, accident and specialty insurance products and related services.~~

~~Other Operations~~ ~~consist of:~~

· ~~corporate-owned life insurance (“COLI”);~~

· ~~run-off reinsurance business that is predominantly comprised of GMDB and GMIB business effectively exited through reinsurance with Berkshire in 2013;~~

· ~~deferred gains recognized from the 1998 sale of the individual life insurance and annuity business and the 2004 sale of the retirement benefits business; and~~

· ~~run-off settlement annuity business.~~

~~Corporate~~ reflects amounts not allocated to operating segments, such as net interest expense (defined as interest on corporate debt less net investment income on investments not supporting segment operations), interest on uncertain tax positions, certain litigation matters, intersegment eliminations, compensation cost for stock options, expense associated with frozen pension plans and certain costs for corporate projects, including overhead.

~~In the Company’s segment disclosures, we present “operating revenues,~~

The Company owns interests in security and real estate limited partnerships defined as variable interest entities that invest in the equity or mezzanine debt of privately held companies and real estate properties. General partners unaffiliated with the Company control decisions that most significantly impact the partnership’s operations and the limited partners do not have substantive kick-out or participating rights. The Company’s maximum exposure to these entities of $2.2 billion across approximately 100 limited partnerships as of March 31, 2017 includes $1.1 billion reported in other long-term investments and commitments to contribute an additional $1.1 billion. The Company’s non-controlling interest in each of these limited partnerships is generally less than 10% of the partnership ownership interests.

In the normal course of its investing activities, the Company also makes passive investments in certain asset-backed and corporate securities that are issued by variable interest entities whose sponsors or issuers are unaffiliated with the Company. The Company receives fixed-rate cash flows from these investments and the maximum potential exposure to loss is limited to the carrying amount of $0.5 billion as of March 31, 2017, that is reported in fixed maturities. The Company’s combined ownership interests are insignificant relative to the total principal amounts issued by these entities.

The Company is also involved in real estate joint ventures with carrying values of $0.2 billion where all decisions significantly affecting the entities’ economic performance are subject to unanimous approval by the equity holders. As a result, the Company determined that the power over these entities is shared equally, and there is no primary beneficiary. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss was approximately equal to its carrying value that is reported in other long-term investments.

The Company is not the primary beneficiary of any of the variable interest entities described above and does not consolidate these entities because either:

· it has no power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance; or

· it has neither the right to receive benefits nor the obligation to absorb losses that could be significant to these variable interest entities.

Note 13 — Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

			Tax
			(Expense)		After-
(In millions)	Pre-Tax		Benefit		Tax
Three Months Ended March 31,
2017
Net unrealized appreciation, securities, January 1,	$	542	$	(180)	$	362
Unrealized appreciation on securities arising during the period	53		(24)		29
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) included in shareholders’ net income (realized investment gains)	(35)		13		(22)
Net unrealized appreciation, securities arising during the period	18		(11)		7
Net unrealized appreciation, securities, March 31,	$	560	$	(191)	$	369
Net unrealized appreciation, derivatives, January 1,	$	4	$	(1)	$	3
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) included in shareholders’ net income (net realized investment gains)	(4)		1		(3)
Net unrealized appreciation, derivatives, March 31,	$	-	$	-	$	-
Net translation of foreign currencies, January 1,	$	(390)	$	21	$	(369)
Net translation of foreign currencies arising during the period		111		1		112
Net translation of foreign currencies, March 31,	$	(279)	$	22	$	(257)
Postretirement benefits liability adjustment, January 1,	$	(2,120)	$	742	$	(1,378)
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of net losses from past experience and prior service costs (other operating expenses)		15		(5)		10
Reclassification adjustment for settlement loss (other operating expenses)		6		(2)		4
Net postretirement benefits liability adjustment arising during the period		21		(7)		14
Postretirement benefits liability adjustment, March 31,	$	(2,099)	$	735	$	(1,364)

2016
Net unrealized appreciation, securities, January 1,	$	612	$	(194)	$	418
Unrealized appreciation on securities arising during the period		227		(72)		155
Reclassification adjustment for losses included in shareholders’ net income (realized investment gains)	28		(10)			18
Net unrealized appreciation, securities arising during the period	255		(82)			173
Net unrealized appreciation, securities, March 31,	$	867	$	(276)	$	591
Net unrealized appreciation, derivatives, January 1,	$	10	$	(3)	$	7
Unrealized (depreciation), derivatives arising during the period		(4)		1		(3)
Net unrealized appreciation, derivatives, March 31,	$	6	$	(2)	$	4
Net translation of foreign currencies, January 1,	$	(295)	$	21	$	(274)
Net translation of foreign currencies arising during the period		83		(2)		81
Net translation of foreign currencies, March 31,	$	(212)	$	19	$	(193)
Postretirement benefits liability adjustment, January 1,	$	(2,155)	$	754	$	(1,401)
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of net losses from past experience and prior service costs (other operating expenses)		16		(5)		11
Postretirement benefits liability adjustment, March 31,	$	(2,139)	$	749	$	(1,390)

Note 14 — Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans

For the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company’s unrecognized actuarial losses and prior service costs (reported in accumulated other comprehensive income) decreased by $21 million pre-tax in the aggregate ($14 million after-tax) resulting in an increase in shareholders’ equity. This change was primarily the result of amortization.

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits. Components of net pension and net other postretirement benefit costs were as follows:

	Pension Benefits				Other Postretirement Benefits
	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)	2017		2016		2017		2016
Interest cost	$	48	$	50	$	3	$	3
Expected long-term return on plan assets	(65)		(62)		-		-
Amortization of:
Net loss from past experience	16		17		-		-
Prior service cost	-		-		(1)		(1)
Settlement loss	6		-		-		-
Net cost	$	5	$	5	$	2	$	2

The Company funds its domestic qualified pension plans at least at the minimum amount required by the Pension Protection Act of 2006. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company made a voluntary pension contribution of $150 million. No additional contributions are required for the remainder of 2017.

Note 15 — Income Taxes

A. Income Tax Expense

The consolidated effective tax rate decreased to 33.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared with 37.2% for the three months ended 2016 due to the moratorium in 2017 on the health insurance industry tax that is not deductible for federal income tax purposes.

The Company maintains a capital management strategy to retain overseas a significant portion of the earnings from its foreign operations. As of March 31, 2017, undistributed earnings were approximately $2.7 billion. These undistributed earnings are deployed outside of the U.S. predominantly in support of the liquidity and regulatory capital requirements of our foreign operations. The Company does not intend to repatriate these earnings to the U.S. and as a result, income taxes are provided using the respective foreign jurisdictions’ tax rate. If the Company had intended to repatriate these foreign earnings to the U.S., the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets would have included an additional $362 million of deferred tax liabilities as of March 31, 2017.

B. Unrecognized Tax Benefits

Changes in unrecognized tax benefits were immaterial for the three months ended March 31, 2017.

Note 16 — Contingencies and Other Matters

The Company, through its subsidiaries, is contingently liable for various guarantees provided in the ordinary course of business.

A. Financial Guarantees: Retiree and Life Insurance Benefits

Separate account assets are contractholder funds maintained in accounts with specific investment objectives. The Company records separate account liabilities equal to separate account assets. In certain cases, the Company guarantees a minimum level of benefits for retirement and insurance contracts written in separate accounts. The Company establishes an additional liability if management believes that the Company will be required to make a payment under these guarantees.

The Company guarantees that separate account assets will be sufficient to pay certain life insurance or retiree benefits. The sponsoring employers are primarily responsible for ensuring that assets are sufficient to pay these benefits and are required to maintain assets that exceed a certain percentage of benefit obligations. This percentage varies depending on the asset class within a sponsoring employer’s portfolio (for example, a bond fund would require a lower percentage than a riskier equity fund) and thus will vary as the composition of the portfolio changes. If employers do not maintain the required levels of separate account assets, the Company or an affiliate of the buyer of the retirement benefits business (Prudential Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company) has the right to redirect the management of the related assets to provide for benefit payments. As of March 31, 2017, employers maintained assets that exceeded the benefit obligations. Benefit obligations under these arrangements were $488 million as of March 31, 2017 and approximately 13% of these are reinsured by an affiliate of the buyer of the retirement benefits business. The remaining guarantees are provided by the Company with minimal reinsurance from third parties. There were no additional liabilities required for these guarantees as of March 31, 2017. Separate account assets supporting these guarantees are classified in Levels 1 and 2 of the GAAP fair value hierarchy. See Note 9 for further information on the fair value hierarchy.

The Company does not expect that these financial guarantees will have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, liquidity or financial condition.

B. GMIB Contracts

See Note 8 for discussion.

C. Certain Other Guarantees

The Company had financial guarantees and indemnification obligations to lenders of approximately $153 million as of March 31, 2017, related to borrowings by certain real estate joint ventures that the Company either records as an investment or consolidates. These borrowings, that are both recourse and nonrecourse to the Company, are secured by the joint ventures’ real estate properties with fair values in excess of the loan amounts and mature at various dates beginning in 2018 through 2021. The Company’s indemnification obligations would require payment to lenders for any actual damages resulting from certain acts such as unauthorized ownership transfers, misappropriation of rental payments by others or environmental damages. Based on initial and ongoing reviews of property management and operations, the Company does not expect that payments will be required under these financial guarantees or indemnification obligations. Any payments that might be required could be recovered through a refinancing or sale of the assets. In some cases, the Company also has recourse to partners for their proportionate share of amounts paid. There were no liabilities required for these financial guarantees and indemnification obligations as of March 31, 2017.

As of March 31, 2017, the Company guaranteed that it would compensate the lessors for a shortfall of up to $32 million in the market value of certain leased equipment at the end of its leases. Guarantees of $25 million expire in 2022 and $7 million expire in 2026. The Company had liabilities for these guarantees of $3 million as of March 31, 2017.

The Company does not expect that these guarantees will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

The Company had indemnification obligations as of March 31, 2017 in connection with acquisition and disposition transactions. These indemnification obligations are triggered by the breach of representations or covenants provided by the Company, such as representations for the presentation of financial statements, the filing of tax returns, compliance with law or the identification of outstanding litigation. These obligations are typically subject to various time limitations, defined by the contract or by operation of law, such as statutes of limitation. In some cases, the maximum potential amount due is subject to contractual limitations based on a percentage of the transaction purchase price, while in other cases limitations are not specified or applicable. The Company does not believe that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount due under these obligations, because not all amounts due under these indemnification obligations are subject to limitation. There were no liabilities required for these indemnification obligations as of March 31, 2017.

D. Guaranty Fund Assessments

On March 1, 2017, the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania entered an order of liquidation of Penn Treaty Network America Insurance Company, together with its subsidiary American Network Insurance Company (collectively “Penn Treaty”, a long-term care insurance carrier), triggering guaranty fund coverage and accrual of a liability. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company recorded in operating expenses $129 million pre-tax ($83 million after-tax), representing its estimate of future assessments on a discounted basis. Amounts recorded by segment were: Global Health Care, $106 million pre-tax ($68 million after-tax) and Group Disability and Life, $23 million pre-tax ($15 million after-tax). These estimates include small reductions for premium tax refunds for insurance contracts currently written. This assessment is expected to be updated in future periods for changes in the estimate of the insolvency. In addition, a portion of this assessment is expected to be offset in the future by premium tax credits that will be recognized in the period received.

E. Legal and Regulatory Matters

The Company is routinely involved in numerous claims, lawsuits, regulatory audits, investigations and other legal matters arising, for the most part, in the ordinary course of managing a global health services business. These actions may include benefit disputes, breach of contract claims, tort claims, provider disputes, disputes regarding reinsurance arrangements, employment and employment discrimination-related suits, employee benefit claims, wage and hour claims, privacy, claims arising from consumer protection laws, intellectual property claims and real estate-related disputes. There are currently, and may be in the future, attempts to bring class action lawsuits against the industry. The Company also is regularly engaged in Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) audits and may be subject to examinations by various state and foreign taxing authorities. Disputed income tax matters arising from these examinations, including those resulting in litigation, are accounted for under GAAP guidance for uncertain tax positions. Further information on income tax matters can be found in Note 15.

The business of administering and insuring health services programs, particularly health care and group insurance programs, is heavily regulated by federal and state laws and administrative agencies, such as state departments of insurance and the U.S. Departments of Health and Human Services, Treasury, Labor and Justice, as well as the courts. Health care regulation and legislation in its various forms, including the Health Care Reform Act, other regulatory reform initiatives, such as those relating to Medicare programs, or additional changes in existing laws or regulations or their interpretations, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, there is heightened review by federal and state regulators of the health care, disability and life insurance industry business and related reporting practices. Cigna is frequently the subject of regulatory market conduct reviews and other examinations of its business and reporting practices, audits and investigations by state insurance and health and welfare departments, state attorneys general, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) and the Office of Inspector General (“OIG”). With respect to Cigna’s Medicare Advantage business, CMS and OIG perform audits to determine a health plan’s compliance with federal regulations and contractual obligations, including compliance with proper coding practices (sometimes referred to as Risk Adjustment Data Validation audits or RADV audits), that may result in retrospective adjustments to payments made to health plans. Regulatory actions can result in assessments, civil or criminal fines or penalties or other sanctions, including loss of licensing or exclusion from participating in government programs.

In December 2016, the Company received a Civil Investigative Demand from the Civil Division of the U.S. Department of Justice relating to our Medicare Part C and D risk adjustment compliance activities and business processes, particularly as they relate to our review of medical records conducted as part of our data and payment accuracy compliance efforts. We believe that this request for information is in connection with a broader review of Medicare Risk Adjustment generally that includes a number of Medicare Advantage plans, providers and vendors. We intend to cooperate with and voluntarily respond to the information request.

As a global company, Cigna is also subject to the laws, regulations and rules of the foreign jurisdictions in which it conducts business. Foreign laws and rules, and regulatory audit and investigation practices, may differ from or be more stringent than, similar requirements in the U.S.

Regulation, legislation and judicial decisions have resulted in changes to industry and the Company’s business practices, financial liability or other sanctions and will continue to do so in the future.

When the Company (in the course of its regular review of pending litigation and legal or regulatory matters) has determined that a material loss is reasonably possible, the matter is disclosed. Such matters are described below. In accordance with GAAP, when litigation and regulatory matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and estimable, the Company accrues the estimated loss by a charge to shareholders’ net income. The amount accrued represents the Company’s best estimate of the probable loss at the time. If only a range of estimated losses can be determined, the Company accrues an amount within the range that, in the Company’s judgment, reflects the most likely outcome; if none of the estimates within that range is a better estimate than any other amount, the Company accrues the minimum amount of the range. In cases when the Company has accrued an estimated loss, the accrued amount may differ materially from the ultimate amount of the loss. In many proceedings, it is inherently difficult to determine whether any loss is probable or even possible or to estimate the amount or range of any loss. The Company provides disclosure in the aggregate for material pending litigation and legal or regulatory matters, including accruals, range of loss, or a statement that such information cannot be estimated. As a litigation or regulatory matter develops, the Company monitors the matter for further developments that could affect the amount previously accrued, if any, and updates such amount accrued or disclosures previously provided as appropriate.

The outcome of litigation and other legal or regulatory matters is always uncertain, and unfavorable outcomes that are not justified by the evidence or existing law can occur. The Company believes that it has valid defenses to the matters pending against it and is defending itself vigorously. Except as otherwise noted, the Company believes that the legal actions, regulatory matters, proceedings and investigations currently pending against it should not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or liquidity based upon our current knowledge and taking into consideration current accruals. The Company had pre-tax reserves as of March 31, 2017 of approximately $190 million ($125 million after-tax) for the matters discussed below under “Litigation Matters.” defined as total revenues excluding realized investment results. The Company excludes realized investment results from this measure because its portfolio managers may sell investments based on factors largely unrelated to the underlying business purposes of each segment. As a result, gains or losses created in this process may not be indicative of the past or future underlying performance of the business.

The Company uses “adjusted income (loss) from operations” as its principal financial measure of segment operating performance because management believes it best reflects the underlying results of business operations and permits analysis of trends in underlying revenue, expenses and profitability. Adjusted income from operations is defined as shareholders’ net income (loss) excluding after-tax realized investment gains and losses, net amortization of other acquired intangible assets and special items. Income or expense amounts are excluded from adjusted income from operations for the following reasons:

· Realized investment results are excluded because, as noted above, the Company’s portfolio managers may sell investments based on factors largely unrelated to the underlying business purposes of each segment.

· Net amortization of other intangible assets is excluded because it relates to costs incurred for acquisitions and, as a result, it does not relate to the core performance of the Company’s business operations.

· ~~Special items, if any, are excluded because management believes they are not representative of the underlying results of operations.~~

For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company reported special item charges consisting of $49 million and $123 million of pre-tax costs ($46 million and $108 million after-tax) related to the proposed merger with Anthem. Management excludes these costs from adjusted income from operations because the size and nature of the Anthem merger is not comparable with the Company’s previous acquisition activity. See Note 3 for additional details.

For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company also reported special item charges consisting of $40 million of pre-tax costs ($25 million after-tax) related to litigation matters further described in Note 16. These charges are excluded from adjusted income from operations because Management believes that the nature and size of these matters are not representative of the underlying results of the Company’s operations.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company reported special item charges consisting of a $100 million pre-tax loss ($65 million after-tax) on the early extinguishment of debt described in more detail in Note 15 of the Company’s 2015 Form 10-K. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company reported special item charges consisting of $35 million of pre-tax costs ($29 million after-tax) related to the proposed merger with Anthem as previously described.

In connection with adopting ASU 2016-09 effective January 1, 2016, the Company recognized $25 million in adjusted income from operations for Corporate for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 for certain income tax effects of stock-based compensation. See Note 2 for further discussion.

~~Summarized segment financial information was as follows:~~

(In millions)

Global Health
Care

Global
Supplemental
Benefits

Group
Disability and
Life

Other
Operations

Corporate

Total

Three Months Ended September 30, 2016

Premiums, fees and other revenues and mail order pharmacy revenues

  $
7,636

$
837

$
1,026

$
28

$
(4)

$
9,523

Net investment income

77

29

85

87

4

282

Operating revenues

  $
7,713

$
866

$
1,111

$
115

$
-

$
9,805

Total revenues

  $
7,775

$
868

$
1,128

$
109

$
-

$
9,880

Shareholders’ net income (loss)

  $
413

$
77

$
65

$
9

$
(108)

$
456

After-tax adjustments to reconcile to adjusted income from operations:

Net realized investment (gains) losses

(42)

-

(12)

5

1

(48)

Amortization of other acquired intangible assets, net

20

4

-

-

-

24

Special Item:

Charges associated with litigation matters

25

-

-

-

-

25

Merger-related transaction costs

-

-

-

-

46

46

Total special items

25

-

-

-

46

71

Adjusted income (loss) from operations

  $
416

$
81

$
53

$
14

$
(61)

$
503

Three Months Ended September 30, 2015

Premiums, fees and other revenues and mail order pharmacy revenues

  $
7,323

$
767

$
980

$
28

$
(4)

$
9,094

Net investment income

85

26

84

90

-

285

Operating revenues

  $
7,408

$
793

$
1,064

$
118

$
(4)

$
9,379

Total revenues

  $
7,427

$
792

$
1,055

$
119

$
(4)

$
9,389

Shareholders’ net income (loss)

  $
475

$
58

$
78

$
17

$
(81)

$
547

After-tax adjustments to reconcile to adjusted income from operations:

Net realized investment (gains) losses

(14)

1

6

-

-

(7)

Amortization of other acquired intangible assets, net

21

3

-

-

-

24

Special Item:

Merger-related transaction costs

-

-

-

-

29

29

Adjusted income (loss) from operations

  $
482

$
62

$
84

$
17

$
(52)

$
593

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016

Premiums, fees and other revenues and mail order pharmacy revenues

  $
23,207

$
2,425

$
3,065

$
83

$
(14)

$
28,766

Net investment income

230

82

253

270

13

848

Operating revenues

  $
23,437

$
2,507

$
3,318

$
353

$
(1)

$
29,614

Total revenues

  $
23,510

$
2,507

$
3,356

$
352

$
(1)

$
29,724

Shareholders’ net income (loss)

  $
1,414

$
214

$
81

$
53

$
(277)

$
1,485

After-tax adjustments to reconcile to adjusted income from operations:

Net realized investment (gains) losses

(49)

1

(25)

1

1

(71)

Amortization of other acquired intangible assets, net

56

16

-

-

-

72

Special Item:

Charges associated with litigation matters

25

-

-

-

-

25

Merger-related transaction costs

-

-

-

-

108

108

Total special items

25

-

-

-

108

133

Adjusted income (loss) from operations

  $
1,446

$
231

$
56

$
54

$
(168)

$
1,619

(In millions)

Global Health
Care

Global
Supplemental
Benefits

Group
Disability and
Life

Other
Operations

Corporate

Total

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015

Premiums, fees and other revenues and mail order pharmacy revenues

  $
22,110

$
2,266

$
2,934

$
90

$
(14)

$
27,386

Net investment income

251

78

252

276

1

858

Operating revenues

  $
22,361

$
2,344

$
3,186

$
366

$
(13)

$
28,244

Total revenues

  $
22,437

$
2,344

$
3,207

$
373

$
(13)

$
28,348

Shareholders’ net income (loss)

  $
1,440

$
195

$
254

$
61

$
(282)

$
1,668

After-tax adjustments to reconcile to adjusted income from operations:

Net realized investment (gains) losses

(50)

1

(13)

(6)

-

(68)

Amortization of other acquired intangible assets, net

64

12

-

-

-

76

Special Items:

Debt extinguishment costs

-

-

-

-

65

65

Merger-related transaction costs

-

-

-

-

29

29

Total special items

-

-

-

-

94

94

Adjusted income (loss) from operations

  $
1,454

$
208

$
241

$
55

$
(188)

$
1,770

The Company had receivables, net of allowances, from CMS of $1.2 billion as of September 30, 2016 and $1.5 billion as of December 31, 2015. These amounts were included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet in premiums, accounts and notes receivable and reinsurance recoverables. Premiums from CMS were 20% of consolidated revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 21% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

~~Note 16~~ ~~— Contingencies and Other Matters~~

~~The Company, through its subsidiaries, is contingently liable for various guarantees provided in the ordinary course of business.~~

~~A. Financial Guarantees: Retiree and Life Insurance Benefits~~

The Company guarantees that separate account assets will be sufficient to pay certain life insurance or retiree benefits. The sponsoring employers are primarily responsible for ensuring that assets are sufficient to pay these benefits and are required to maintain assets that exceed a certain percentage of benefit obligations. This percentage varies depending on the asset class within a sponsoring employer’s portfolio (for example, a bond fund would require a lower percentage than a riskier equity fund) and thus will vary as the composition of the portfolio changes. If employers do not maintain the required levels of separate account assets, the Company or an affiliate of the buyer of the retirement benefits business (Prudential Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company) has the right to redirect the management of the related assets to provide for benefit payments. As of September 30, 2016, employers maintained assets that exceeded the benefit obligations. Benefit obligations under these arrangements were $493 million as of September 30, 2016 and approximately 13% of these are reinsured by an affiliate of the buyer of the retirement benefits business. The remaining guarantees are provided by the Company with minimal reinsurance from third parties. There were no additional liabilities required for these guarantees as of September 30, 2016. Separate account assets supporting these guarantees are classified in Levels 1 and 2 of the GAAP fair value hierarchy. See Note 7 for further information on the fair value hierarchy.

~~The Company does not expect that these financial guarantees will have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, liquidity or financial condition.~~

~~B. GMIB Contracts~~

Under these guarantees, the future payment amounts are dependent on annuitants’ underlying mutual fund investment values and interest rate levels prior to and at the date of annuitization election that must occur within 30 days of a policy anniversary after the appropriate waiting period. Therefore, the future payments are not fixed and determinable under the terms of these contracts. Accordingly, the Company calculated an exposure, ~~without considering any reinsurance coverage, using the following hypothetical assumptions:~~

· ~~no annuitants surrendered their accounts;~~

· ~~all annuitants lived to elect their benefit;~~

· ~~all annuitants elected to receive their benefit on the next available date (2016 through 2022); and~~

· ~~all underlying mutual fund investment values remained at the September 30, 2016 value of $892 million with no future returns.~~

The Company has reinsurance coverage in place that covers the exposures on these contracts. Using these hypothetical assumptions, this GMIB exposure is $762 million, which is lower than the recorded liability for GMIB calculated using fair value assumptions. See Notes 6, 7 and 9 for further information on GMIB contracts.

~~C. Certain Other Guarantees~~

The Company had indemnification obligations to lenders of up to $166 million as of September 30, 2016, related to borrowings by certain real estate joint ventures that the Company either records as an investment or consolidates. These borrowings, that are nonrecourse to the Company, are secured by the joint ventures’ real estate properties with fair values in excess of the loan amounts and mature at various dates beginning in 2018 through 2021. The Company’s indemnification obligations would require payment to lenders for any actual damages resulting from certain acts such as unauthorized ownership transfers, misappropriation of rental payments by others or environmental damages. Based on initial and ongoing reviews of property management and operations, the Company does not expect that payments will be required under these indemnification obligations. Any payments that might be required could be recovered through a refinancing or sale of the assets. In some cases, the Company also has recourse to partners for their proportionate share of amounts paid. There were no liabilities required for these indemnification obligations as of September 30, 2016.

As of September 30, 2016, the Company guaranteed that it would compensate the lessors for a shortfall of up to $41 million in the market value of certain leased equipment at the end of its leases. Guarantees of $16 million expire in the fourth quarter of 2016 and $25 million expire in 2022. The Company had liabilities for these guarantees of $19 million as of September 30, 2016.

~~The Company does not expect that these guarantees will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.~~

The Company had indemnification obligations as of September 30, 2016 in connection with acquisition and disposition transactions. These indemnification obligations are triggered by the breach of representations or covenants provided by the Company, such as representations for the presentation of financial statements, the filing of tax returns, compliance with law or the identification of outstanding litigation. These obligations are typically subject to various time limitations, defined by the contract or by operation of law, such as statutes of limitation. In some cases, the maximum potential amount due is subject to contractual limitations based on a percentage of the transaction purchase price, while in other cases limitations are not specified or applicable. The Company does not believe that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount due under these obligations, because not all amounts due under these indemnification obligations are subject to limitation. There were no liabilities required for these indemnification obligations as of September 30, 2016.

~~D. Guaranty Fund Assessments~~

The Company operates in a regulatory environment that may require its participation in assessments under state insurance guaranty association laws. The Company’s exposure to assessments for certain obligations of insolvent insurance companies to policyholders and claimants is based on its share of business written in the relevant jurisdictions. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, charges related to guaranty fund assessments were ~~immaterial~~ ~~to the Company’s results of operations.~~

The Company is aware that Penn Treaty Network America Insurance Company, together with its subsidiary American Network Insurance Company (collectively “Penn Treaty”) is in rehabilitation. In 2012, the state court denied the regulator’s amended petitions for liquidation and set forth specific requirements and a deadline for the regulator to develop a plan of rehabilitation without liquidating Penn Treaty. The regulator has appealed the court’s decision. More recently, the state court has been holding settlement conferences to attempt to resolve outstanding issues with the rehabilitation plan. In July 2016, the regulator, who is the rehabilitator, filed another amended petition for liquidation with the court. Based on the developments in this matter, it is reasonably likely that a guaranty fund assessment related to Penn Treaty will be finalized either in the fourth quarter of 2016 or in 2017. Due to the uncertainties surrounding this matter, the Company’s share of this guaranty fund assessment related to Penn Treaty is uncertain, but based on current information it is estimated at approximately $80 million after-tax. The Company continues to monitor this situation.

~~E. Legal and Regulatory Matters~~

The Company is routinely involved in numerous claims, lawsuits, regulatory audits, investigations and other legal matters arising, for the most part, in the ordinary course of managing a global health services business. These actions may include benefit disputes, breach of contract claims, tort claims, provider disputes, disputes regarding reinsurance arrangements, employment and employment discrimination-related suits, employee benefit claims, wage and hour claims, privacy, intellectual property claims and real estate-related disputes. There are currently, and may be in the future, attempts to bring class action lawsuits against the industry. The Company also is regularly engaged in IRS audits and may be subject to examinations by various state and foreign taxing authorities. Disputed income tax matters arising from these examinations, including those resulting in litigation, are accounted for under the FASB’s guidance for uncertain tax positions. Further information on income tax matters can be found in Note 14.

The business of administering and insuring health services programs, particularly health care and group insurance programs, is heavily regulated by federal and state laws and administrative agencies, such as state departments of insurance and the U.S. Departments of Health and Human Services (“HHS”), Treasury, Labor and Justice, as well as the courts. Health care regulation and legislation in its various forms, including the implementation of Health Care Reform, other regulatory reform initiatives, such as those relating to Medicare programs, or additional changes in existing laws or regulations or their interpretations, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, there is heightened review by federal and state regulators of the health care, disability and life insurance industry business and related reporting practices. Cigna is frequently the subject of regulatory market conduct reviews and other examinations of its business and reporting practices, audits and investigations by state insurance and health and welfare departments, state attorneys general, CMS and the Office of Inspector General (“OIG”). With respect to Cigna’s Medicare Advantage business, CMS and OIG perform audits to determine a health plan’s compliance with federal regulations and contractual obligations, including compliance with proper coding practices (sometimes referred to as Risk Adjustment Data Validation audits or RADV audits), that may result in retrospective adjustments to payments made to health plans. Regulatory actions can result in assessments, civil or criminal fines or penalties or other sanctions, including loss of licensing or exclusion from participating in government programs.

When the Company (in the course of its regular review of pending litigation and legal or regulatory matters) has determined that a material loss is reasonably possible, the matter is disclosed. Such matters are described below. In accordance with GAAP, when litigation and regulatory matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and estimable, the Company accrues the estimated loss by a charge to net income. The amount accrued represents the Company’s best estimate of the probable loss at the time. If only a range of estimated losses can be determined, the Company accrues an amount within the range that, in the Company’s judgment, reflects the most likely outcome; if none of the estimates within that range is a better estimate than any other amount, the Company accrues the minimum amount of the range. In cases when the Company has accrued an estimated loss, the accrued amount may differ materially from the ultimate amount of the loss. In many proceedings, it is inherently difficult to determine whether any loss is probable or even possible or to estimate the amount or range of any loss. The Company provides disclosure in the aggregate for material pending litigation and legal or regulatory matters, including accruals, range of loss, or a statement that such information cannot be estimated. As a litigation or regulatory matter develops, the Company monitors the matter for further developments that could affect the amount previously accrued, if any, and updates such amount accrued or disclosures previously provided as appropriate.

The outcome of litigation and other legal or regulatory matters is always uncertain, and unfavorable outcomes that are not justified by the evidence or existing law can occur. The Company believes that it has valid defenses to the matters pending against it and is defending itself vigorously. Except as otherwise noted, the Company believes that the legal actions, regulatory matters, proceedings and investigations currently pending against it should not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or liquidity based upon our current knowledge and taking into consideration current accruals. The Company had pre-tax reserves as of September 30, 2016 of approximately $230 million ($150 million after-tax) for the matters described below under “Litigation Matters” as well as litigation related to the Company’s claim processing practices for a commercial client. Due to numerous uncertain factors presented in these cases, it is not possible to estimate an aggregate range of loss (if any) for these matters at this time. In light of the uncertainties involved in these matters, there is no assurance that their ultimate resolution will not exceed the amounts currently accrued by the Company. An adverse outcome in one or more of these matters could be material to the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or liquidity for any particular period.

Litigation Matters

Amara cash balance pension plan litigation. In December 2001, Janice Amara filed a class action lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Connecticut against Cigna Corporation and the Cigna Pension Plan (the “Plan”) on behalf of herself and other similarly situated Plan participants affected by the 1998 conversion to a cash balance formula. The plaintiffs allege various violations of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), including that the Plan’s cash balance formula discriminates against older employees; that the conversion resulted in a wear-away period (when the pre-conversion accrued benefit exceeded the post-conversion benefit); and that the Plan communications contained inaccurate or inadequate disclosures about these conditions.

In 2008, the District Court (1) affirmed the Company’s right to convert to a cash balance plan prospectively beginning in 1998; (2) found for plaintiffs on the disclosure claim only; and (3) required the Company to pay pre-1998 benefits under the pre-conversion traditional annuity formula and post-1997 benefits under the post-conversion cash balance formula. The Second Circuit upheld this decision. From 2008 through the present, this case has undergone a series of court proceedings that resulted in the original District Court order being largely upheld. In 2015, the Company submitted to the District Court its proposed method for calculating the additional pension benefits due to class members and plaintiffs responded in August 2015.

In January 2016, the District Court ordered the method of calculating the additional pension benefits due to class members. The court order left several aspects of the calculation of additional plan benefits open to interpretation. During 2016, the Company submitted its interpretation of the Court Order and the plaintiffs filed various objections. On January 10, 2017, the District Court issued an additional ruling regarding certain aspects of the calculation of additional plan benefits. The ~~parties continue to work towards obtaining agreement around differences in interpretation. The~~Company’s reserve for this litigation remains reasonable at March 31, 2017 based on calculations consistent with the Company’s interpretation of the updated guidance from the Court. However, certain aspects of the ruling will need further clarification from the Court before final plan benefits can be determined. As a result, the timing of the resolution of ~~these differences~~this matter remains uncertain. Once resolved, the Plan will be amended to comply with the ~~agreed-upon~~final interpretation of the District Court’s order and the benefits will begin to be paid. ~~The Company’s reserve for this litigation remains reasonable at September 30, 2016 based on a calculation consistent with the Company’s interpretation of the court order.~~

Ingenix. In April 2004, the Company was sued in a number of putative nationwide class actions alleging that the Company improperly underpaid claims for out-of-network providers through the use of data provided by Ingenix, Inc., a subsidiary of one of the Company’s competitors. These actions were consolidated into Franco v. Connecticut General Life Insurance Company, et al., pending in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey. The consolidated amended complaint, filed in 2009 on behalf of subscribers, health care providers and various medical associations, asserted claims related to benefits and disclosure under ERISA, the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (“RICO”) Act, the Sherman Antitrust Act and New Jersey state law and seeks recovery for alleged underpayments from 1998 through the present. Other major health insurers have been the subject of, or have settled, similar litigation.

In September 2011, the District Court (1) dismissed all claims by the health care provider and medical association plaintiffs for lack of standing; and (2) dismissed the antitrust claims, the New Jersey state law claims and the ERISA disclosure claim. In January 2013 and again in April 2014, the District Court denied separate motions by the plaintiffs to certify a nationwide class of subscriber plaintiffs. The Third Circuit denied ~~plaintiff’s~~plaintiffs’ request for an immediate appeal of the January 2013 ruling. As a result, the case is proceeding on behalf of the named plaintiffs only. In June 2014, the District Court granted the Company’s motion for summary judgment to terminate all claims, and denied the plaintiffs’ partial motion for summary judgment. In July 2014, the plaintiffs appealed all of the District Court’s decisions in favor of the Company, including the class certification decision, to the Third Circuit. On May 2, 2016, the Third Circuit affirmed the District Court’s decisions denying class certification for the claims asserted by members, the granting of summary judgment on the individual plaintiffs’ claims, as well as the dismissal of the antitrust claims. However, the Third Circuit also reversed the earlier dismissal of the providers’ ERISA claims. The Company will continue to vigorously defend its position.

Regulatory Matters

CMS actions. In January 2016, CMS issued a Notice of Imposition of Immediate Intermediate Sanctions ~~(“the Notice”~~(the “Notice”) to the Company. The Notice required us to suspend certain enrollment and marketing activities for Medicare Advantage-Prescription Drug and Medicare Part D Plans. The sanctions do not impact the right of current enrollees to remain covered by our Medicare Advantage-Prescription Drug or Medicare Part D Plans. We continue to devote significant resources to our remediation efforts. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, costs related to our CMS audit response were approximately $80 million after-tax.

CMS imposed sanctions based on its findings of deficiencies with the Company’s operations of its Parts C and D appeals and grievances, Part D formulary and benefit administration and compliance program. ~~While we are~~Management is working ~~with CMS to address the audit findings and have the~~towards having these sanctions lifted ~~as quickly as possible, these matters will not be resolved~~ in time to participate in the ~~2017 Medicare Advantage and Part D~~2018 annual enrollment ~~period that began in October 2016 and ends on December 7, 2016. The impact of disenrollment is not material to 2016 consolidated revenues and earnings. In~~period. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, Medicare enrollment and consolidated revenues ~~will be~~were materially impacted due to our inability to participate in 2017 annual ~~enrollment.~~enrollment, and management expects that trend to continue for the remainder of 2017. However, management ~~does not anticipate~~anticipates that full-year 2017 shareholders’ net income will not be materially affected because we expect ~~to offset~~ the margin impact of the revenue loss ~~with several factors including~~to be offset by 2017 remediation costs that are significantly lower ~~costs to remediate~~than the ~~sanctions~~$100 million after-tax amount reported in 2016 and other operational ~~efficiencies.~~efficiencies to improve 2017 results.

On October 12, 2016, CMS announced Medicare Star Quality Ratings (“Star Ratings”) for ~~2017 (see page 22 of our 2015 Form 10-K for further description of Star Ratings).~~ 2017. While Star Ratings are based on a number of plan performance measures that are evaluated each year, the projected Star Ratings for our plans included certain reductions ~~which~~that are primarily attributable to our CMS audit discussed above. Under these revised Star Ratings, approximately 20% of our Medicare Advantage customers ~~would~~are expected to be in a 4 Stars or greater plan. ~~We do~~The Company does not believe that these Star Ratings reflect the quality offerings ~~Cigna HealthSpring~~Cigna-HealthSpring provides to beneficiaries.

WeThe Company filed a Reconsideration request with CMS, which was denied, and will work fully with CMS through their process as well as consider additional alternatives ~~to ensure~~with the objective that the final Star Ratings more accurately reflect our ~~performance. We remain~~performance under the Star Ratings measures. The Company remains committed to our partnership with CMS and to delivering quality products and services to seniors, while working to mitigate the impact these Star Ratings could have on our offerings in 2018. If we are unsuccessful in restoring at least some of the Star Ratings, modifying our product offerings or implementing operational efficiencies in the Government business, the effect in 2018 could be material to shareholders’ net income. There is no financial impact in ~~2016 or~~ 2017 because these ratings apply to plans for the 2018 payment year.

Disability claims regulatory matter. During the second quarter of 2013, the Company finalized an agreement with the Departments of Insurance for Maine, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Connecticut and California (together, the “monitoring states”) related to the Company’s long-term disability claims handling practices. The agreement requires primarily: (1) enhanced procedures related to documentation and disposition and (2) a two-year monitoring period followed by a re-examination that began in the second quarter of 2016. Management believes the Company has addressed the requirements of the agreement. If the monitoring states find material non-compliance with the agreement upon re-examination, the Company may be subject to additional costs and penalties or requests to change its business practices that could negatively impact future earnings for this business.

Other Legal Matters

Antitrust Litigation.On July 21, 2016, the DOJ and certain state attorneys general filed a civil antitrust lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia (the “District Court”) seeking to block the merger and, on January 4, 2017, the parties concluded the District Court trial. On February 8, 2017, the District Court issued an order enjoining the proposed merger. Anthem filed a notice of appeal of the District Court’s order with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (the “Appeals Court”) and requested an expedited appeal. On February 17, 2017, the Appeals Court granted Anthem’s motion for an expedited appeal. That same day, the Company filed its notice of appeal of the District Court’s order with the Appeals Court. Oral arguments were heard on March 24, 2017. On April 28, 2017, the Appeals Court affirmed the decision of the District Court. On May 5, 2017, Anthem filed a petition for a writ of certiorari with the United States Supreme Court seeking appeal of the U.S. Court of Appeals decision affirming the District Court’s order enjoining the merger.

Litigation with Anthem. ~~Trial~~ On February 14, 2017, the Company delivered a notice to Anthem terminating the merger agreement, and notifying Anthem that it must pay the Company the $1.85 billion reverse termination fee pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement. Also on February 14, 2017, the Company filed suit against Anthem in the Delaware Court of Chancery (the “Chancery Court”). The complaint sought declaratory judgments that the Company’s termination of the merger agreement was valid and that Anthem was not permitted to extend the termination date. The complaint also sought payment of the reverse termination fee and additional damages in an amount exceeding $13 billion, which includes the lost premium value to the Company’s shareholders caused by Anthem’s willful breaches of the merger agreement.

Also on February 14, 2017, Anthem filed a lawsuit in the Chancery Court against the Company seeking (i) a temporary restraining order to enjoin Cigna from terminating and taking any action contrary to the terms of the merger agreement, (ii) specific performance compelling Cigna to comply with the merger agreement and (iii) damages. On February 15, 2017, the Chancery Court granted Anthem’s motion for a temporary restraining order and issued an order temporarily enjoining the Company from terminating the merger agreement. This is ~~scheduled~~not a decision on the merits of the case, but rather an order to ~~begin on November 21, 2016.~~ensure irrevocable actions do not take place before the Chancery Court’s substantive review of the issues. The Company will continue to ~~defend itself in this matter.~~abide by terms of the merger agreement until the expiration or lifting of the Chancery Court’s order and any further review of the case by the Chancery Court. This order will be subject to review by the Chancery Court at a preliminary injunction hearing scheduled for May 8, 2017.

We believe in the merits of our claims and dispute Anthem’s claims, and we intend to vigorously defend ourselves and pursue our claims. The outcomes of lawsuits are inherently unpredictable, and we may be unsuccessful in the ongoing litigation or any future claims or litigation.

Shareholder Litigation.Following announcement of the Company’s merger agreement with Anthem as discussed in Note 3, putative class action complaints (collectively the “complaints” or “Cigna Merger Litigation”) were filed by purported Cigna shareholders on behalf of a purported class of Cigna shareholders. Additional lawsuits arising out of or relating to the merger agreement or the merger may be filed in the future.

Cigna, members of the Cigna board of directors, Anthem and Anthem Merger Sub Corp (“Merger Sub”) have been named as defendants. The plaintiffs generally assert that the members of the Cigna board of directors breached their fiduciary duties to the Cigna shareholders during merger negotiations and by entering into the merger agreement and approving the merger, and that Cigna, Anthem and Merger Sub aided and abetted such breaches of fiduciary duties. The allegations include, among other things, that (1) the merger consideration undervalues Cigna, (2) the sales process leading up to the merger was flawed due to purported conflicts of interest of members of the Cigna board of directors and (3) certain provisions of the merger agreement inappropriately favor Anthem and inhibit competing bids. Plaintiffs seek, among other things, injunctive relief enjoining the merger, rescission of the merger agreement to the extent already implemented, and costs and damages.

Effective November 24, 2015, solely to avoid the costs, risks and uncertainties inherent in litigation, and without admitting any liability or wrongdoing, the Company, the Company’s directors, Anthem and Merger Sub entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”) to settle the Cigna Merger Litigation. Subject to approval by the Connecticut Superior Court, Judicial District of Hartford and further definitive documentation in a settlement agreement that will be subject to customary conditions, the MOU resolved the Cigna Merger Litigation and provided that the Company would make certain additional disclosures related to the merger. If the Court approves the settlement, the Cigna Merger Litigation will be dismissed with prejudice and all claims that were or could have been brought in any actions challenging any aspect of the merger, the merger agreement and any related disclosures will be released. In connection with the settlement, subject to the ultimate determination of the Court, plaintiffs’ counsel may receive an award of reasonable fees. There can be no assurance that the parties will ultimately enter into a settlement agreement, or that the Court will approve the settlement even if the parties were to enter into such agreement. The MOU may terminate, if, among other reasons, the Court does not approve the settlement or the merger is not consummated for any reason.

Note 17 — Segment Information

See Note 1 for a description of the Company’s reporting segments.

In the Company’s segment disclosures, we present “operating revenues,” defined as total revenues excluding realized investment results. The Company excludes realized investment results from this measure because its portfolio managers may sell investments based on factors largely unrelated to the underlying business purposes of each segment. As a result, gains or losses created in this process may not be indicative of the past or future underlying performance of the business.

· Special items, if any, are excluded because management believes they are not representative of the underlying results of operations. This is generally because the nature and size of these matters are not indicative of our ongoing business operations. Further context about these items is provided in the footnotes listed in the table below.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2017				Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
(In millions)	Before-tax impact		After-tax impact		Before-tax impact		After-tax impact
Long-term care guaranty fund assessment - see Note 16 (D)	$	129	$	83	$	-	$	-
Merger-related transaction costs - see Note 3	63		49		40		36
Total impact from special items	$	192	$	132	$	40	$	36

Summarized segment financial information was as follows:

(In millions)	Global Health Care		Global Supplemental Benefits		Group Disability and Life		Other Operations		Corporate		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
Premiums, fees and other revenues and mail order pharmacy revenues	$	8,106	$	881	$	1,032	$	30	$	(13)	$	10,036
Net investment income	92		28		89		86		8		303
Operating revenues	$	8,198	$	909	$	1,121	$	116	$	(5)	$	10,339
Total revenues	$	8,224	$	922	$	1,129	$	115	$	(5)	$	10,385
Shareholders’ net income (loss)	$	544	$	77	$	59	$	20	$	(102)	$	598
After-tax adjustments to reconcile to adjusted income from operations:
Net realized investment (gains)	(16)		(9)		(6)		-		-		(31)
Amortization of other acquired intangible assets, net	14		6		-		-		-		20
Special Items:
Long-term care guaranty fund assessment	68		-		15		-		-		83
Merger-related transaction costs	-		-		-		-		49		49
Adjusted income (loss) from operations	$	610	$	74	$	68	$	20	$	(53)	$	719

Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
Premiums, fees and other revenues and mail order pharmacy revenues	$	7,812	$	780	$	1,029	$	27	$	(4)	$	9,644
Net investment income	72		26		80		90		4		272
Operating revenues	$	7,884	$	806	$	1,109	$	117	$	-	$	9,916
Total revenues	$	7,867	$	804	$	1,106	$	107	$	-	$	9,884
Shareholders’ net income (loss)	$	514	$	59	$	13	$	14	$	(81)	$	519
After-tax adjustments to reconcile to adjusted income from operations:
Net realized investment losses	12		1		2		6		-		21
Amortization of other acquired intangible assets, net	18		7		-		-		-		25
Special Item:
Merger-related transaction costs	-		-		-		-		36		36
Adjusted income (loss) from operations	$	544	$	67	$	15	$	20	$	(45)	$	601

The Company had net receivables from CMS of $0.5 billion as of March 31, 2017 and $0.6 billion as of December 31, 2016. These amounts were included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in premiums, accounts and notes receivable and reinsurance recoverables. Premiums from CMS were 18% of consolidated revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 21% for the three months ended March 31, 2016. These amounts were reported in the Global Health Care segment.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

INDEX

Cautionary Statement	46
Executive Overview	47
~~Consolidated Results of Operations~~	53
Liquidity and Capital Resources	5553
Critical Accounting Estimates	5856
Segment Reporting	5956
Global Health Care	5957
Global Supplemental Benefits	6158
Group Disability and Life	6259
Other Operations	6360
Corporate	6361
Investment Assets	6461
Market Risk	6764

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to provide information to assist you in better understanding and evaluating our financial condition as of ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 compared with December 31, ~~2015~~2016 and our results of operations for the three months ~~and nine months~~ ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 compared with the same ~~periods~~period last year. We encourage you to read this MD&A in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016 (“~~2015~~2016 Form 10-K”), in particular the “Risk Factors” contained in Part I, Item 1A of that form.

Unless otherwise indicated, financial information in the MD&A is presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our ~~2015~~2016 Form 10-K for additional information regarding our significant accounting policies. The preparation of interim consolidated financial statements necessarily relies heavily on estimates. This and certain other factors, such as the seasonal nature of portions of the health care and related benefits business, as well as competitive and other market conditions, call for caution in estimating full year results based on interim results of operations. In some of our financial tables in this MD&A, we present percentage changes or “N/M” when those changes are so large as to become not meaningful. Changes in percentages are expressed in basis points (“bps”).

In this MD&A, our consolidated measures “operating revenues” and “adjusted income from operations” are not determined in accordance with GAAP and should not be viewed as substitutes for the most directly comparable GAAP measures “total revenues” and “shareholders’ net income.”

We define operating revenues as total revenues excluding realized investment results. We exclude realized investment results from this measure because our portfolio managers may sell investments based on factors largely unrelated to the underlying business purposes of each segment. As a result, gains or losses created in this process may not be indicative of the past or future underlying performance of the business.

We use adjusted income (loss) from operations as our principal financial measure of operating performance because management believes it best reflects the underlying results of our business operations and permits analysis of trends in underlying revenue, expenses and profitability. We define adjusted income from operations as shareholders’ net income (loss) excluding after-tax realized investment gains and losses, net amortization of other acquired intangible assets and special items. Income or expense amounts are excluded from adjusted income from operations for the following reasons:

· Realized investment results are excluded because, as noted above, our portfolio managers may sell investments based on factors largely unrelated to the underlying business purposes of each segment.

· Net amortization of other intangible assets is excluded because it relates to costs incurred for acquisitions and, as a result, it does not relate to the core performance of our business operations.

· Special items, if any, are excluded because management believes they are not representative of the underlying results of operations.

~~Special items for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015 were as follows:~~

·Costs related to the proposed merger with Anthem, Inc. (“Anthem”) of $49 million pre-tax ($46 million after-tax) for the three months ended September 30, 2016, $123 million pre-tax ($108 million after-tax) for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and $35 million pre-tax ($29 million after-tax) for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2015. Management excludes these costs from adjusted income from operations because the size and nature of the Anthem merger is not comparable with our previous merger activity. See Note 317 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for ~~additional details.~~descriptions of special items.

·Costs related to litigation matters of $40 million pre-tax ($25 million after-tax) for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016. Management excludes these costs from adjusted income from operations because the size and nature of these charges are not representative of our underlying results of operations. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details.

·Pre-tax loss related to the early extinguishment of debt of $100 million ($65 million after-tax) for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2015 Form 10-K for additional details.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are based on Cigna’s current expectations and projections about future trends, events and uncertainties. These statements are not historical facts. Forward-looking statements may include, among others, statements concerning ~~our business strategy and strategic~~future financial or ~~operational initiatives~~operating performance, including our ability to deliver personalized and innovative solutions for our customers and ~~clients;~~clients and future growth, ~~and expansion; future financial~~business strategy, strategic or ~~operating performance;~~operational initiatives; economic, regulatory or competitive ~~environments; our projected cash position, future pension funding~~environments, particularly with respect to the pace and extent of change in these areas; financing or capital deployment ~~plans;~~plans and amounts available for future deployment; our prospects for growth in the coming years; statements regarding the proposed merger between Cigna and ~~Anthem;~~Anthem, Inc. (“Anthem”) and the litigation related thereto; statements regarding the timing of resolution of the issues raised by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”); and other statements regarding Cigna’s future beliefs, expectations, plans, intentions, financial condition or performance. You may identify forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “may,” “should,” “will” or other words or expressions of similar meaning, although not all forward-looking statements contain such terms.

Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, both known and unknown, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: our ability to achieve our financial, strategic and operational plans or initiatives; our ability to predict and manage medical costs and price effectively and develop and maintain good relationships with physicians, hospitals and other health care providers; the impact of modifications to our operations and processes, including those in our disability business; our ability to identify potential strategic acquisitions or transactions and realize the expected benefits of such ~~strategic~~ transactions; the substantial level of government regulation over our business and the potential effects of new laws or regulations or changes in existing laws or regulations; the outcome of litigation, regulatory audits including the CMS review and sanctions, investigations, actions ~~and~~and/or guaranty fund assessments; uncertainties surrounding participation in government-sponsored programs such as Medicare; the effectiveness and security of our information technology and other business systems; unfavorable industry, economic or political conditions including foreign currency movements; acts of war, terrorism, natural disasters or pandemics; any ongoing litigation with respect to the ruling of the District Court enjoining the merger and the U.S. Court of Appeals’ decision affirming that ruling; potential adverse reactions or changes to business or employee relationships, including those resulting from the announcement of the ruling enjoining the merger; uncertainty as to litigation with respect to the termination of the merger agreement, the reverse termination fee, declaratory judgments with respect to the foregoing and/or contract and non-contract damages for claims filed against Anthem; the risk that a government entity or court of competent jurisdiction, in any litigation, arbitration or other forum, finds in any binding or non-binding decision that Cigna has not complied, in full or in part, with its obligations under the merger agreement or that Cigna is liable for any breach, willful or otherwise, of the merger agreement; uncertainty as to whether and, if so, when Anthem will pay the reverse termination fee; uncertainty as to litigation with respect to the suit initiated by Anthem against Cigna, including for damages with respect to the transactions contemplated in the merger agreement; competitive responses to the ruling; the inability to retain key personnel; the timing and likelihood of completion of the proposed merger, including the timing, receipt and terms and conditions of any required governmental and regulatory approvals for the proposed merger that could reduce anticipated benefits or cause the parties to abandon the transaction; if the merger is completed, the possibility that the expected synergies and value creation from the proposed merger will not be realized or will not be realized within the expected time period; if the merger is completed, the risk that the businesses of Cigna and Anthem will not be integrated successfully; disruption from the proposed merger making it more difficult to maintain business and operational relationships; the risk that unexpected costs will be incurred; the possibility that the proposed merger does not close, including adue to the failure to satisfy the closing conditions; the risk that financing for the proposed merger may not be available on favorable terms, as well as more specific risks and uncertainties discussed in Part I, Item 1A – Risk Factors and Part II, Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our ~~2015~~2016 Form 10-K and as described from time to time in our future reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as well as the risks and uncertainties described in Anthem’s most recent report on Form 10-K and subsequent reports filed with the SEC.

You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements that speak only as of the date they are made, are not guarantees of future performance or results, and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict or quantify. Cigna undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required by law.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

For further information on our business and strategy, please see Item 1, “Business” in our 2016 Form 10-K.

Summarized below are key measures of our performance by segment for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:

Financial highlights by segment

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	2017		2016		% Change
Total revenues	$	10,385	$	9,884	5	%
Operating revenues (1)
Global Health Care	$	8,198	$	7,884	4	%
Global Supplemental Benefits	909		806		13
Group Disability and Life	1,121		1,109		1
Other Operations	116		117		(1)
Corporate	(5)		-		N/M
Consolidated operating revenues	$	10,339	$	9,916	4	%
Shareholders’ net income (1)	$	598	$	519	15	%
Adjusted income (loss) from operations (1)
Global Health Care	$	610	$	544	12	%
Global Supplemental Benefits	74		67		10
Group Disability and Life	68		15		N/M
Other Operations	20		20		-
Corporate	(53)		(45)		(18)
Total adjusted income from operations	$	719	$	601	20	%
Earnings per share (diluted):
Shareholders’ net income (1)	$	2.30	$	2.00	15	%
Adjusted income from operations (1)	$	2.77	$	2.32	19	%

	As of March 31,
	2017		2016
Global medical customers (in thousands)	15,734		15,129		4	%

(1) See page 48 for reconciliations of consolidated operating revenues to consolidated total revenues and adjusted income from operations to shareholders’ net income.

See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our reporting segments. For further analysis and explanation of individual segment results, see the “Segment Reporting” section of this MD&A beginning on page 56.

Consolidated results of operations (GAAP basis)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)	2017		2016		% Change
Premiums	$	8,103	$	7,746	5	%
Fees and other revenues	1,223		1,201		2
Net investment income	303		272		11
Mail order pharmacy revenues	710		697		2
Consolidated operating revenues	10,339		9,916		4
Net realized investment gains (losses)	46		(32)		244
Total revenues	10,385		9,884		5
Global Health Care medical costs	4,985		4,761		5
Other benefit expenses	1,367		1,368		-
Mail order pharmacy costs	581		574		1
Operating expenses	2,530		2,321		9
Amortization of other acquired intangible assets, net	32		41		(22)
Total benefits and expenses	9,495		9,065		5
Income before income taxes	890		819		9
Income taxes	297		305		(3)
Net income	593		514		15
Less: net (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(5)		(5)		-
Shareholders’ net income	$	598	$	519	15	%

Reconciliation of shareholders’ net income to adjusted income from operations

	Three Months Ended				Change
	March 31,				Favorable
(In millions)	2017		2016		(Unfavorable)
Shareholders’ net income	$	598	$	519	15	%
After-tax adjustments required to reconcile to adjusted income from operations:
Net realized investment (gains) losses	(31)		21
Amortization of other acquired intangible assets, net	20		25
Special items:
Long-term care guaranty fund assessment	83		-
Merger-related transaction costs	49		36
Total special items	132		36
Adjusted income from operations	$	719	$	601	20	%

Other key consolidated financial data

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Change Favorable
(In millions)	2017			2016			(Unfavorable)
Earnings per share (diluted):
Shareholders’ net income	$	2.30		$	2.00		15	%
After-tax adjustments required to reconcile to adjusted income from operations:
Net realized investment (gains) losses	(0.12)			0.08
Amortization of other acquired intangible assets, net	0.08			0.10
Special items:
Long-term care guaranty fund assessment	0.32			-
Merger-related transaction costs	0.19			0.14
Adjusted income from operations	$	2.77		$	2.32		19	%
Effective tax rate	33.4		%	37.2		%	380	bps

Earnings, Revenue and Medical Customer Commentary

Shareholders’ net income increased for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared with the same period in 2016 primarily due to higher adjusted income from operations and realized investment results, partially offset by the impact of the long-term care guaranty fund assessment charge reported as a special item.

Adjusted income from operations increased for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared with the same period in 2016 due to higher earnings in each of our ongoing reportable segments: Global Health Care, Global Supplemental Benefits and Group Disability and Life. These increases were driven primarily by customer growth and increased contributions from specialty businesses in Global Health Care, as well as significantly improved disability claim experience in Group Disability and Life.

Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017 increased compared with 2016 primarily due to business growth in Global Health Care and Global Supplemental Benefits. Components of the revenue increases were as follows:

·	*Premiums* increased, primarily reflecting customer growth in all of our markets in the Commercial segment and in certain markets in Global Supplemental Benefits, primarily South Korea. Expected decreases in Government segment premiums due to Medicare disenrollment partially offset these increases. See the Health Care Industry Developments starting on page 51 for additional discussion of our Medicare business.

·	*Fees and other revenues.* The increase was largely the result of growth in our specialty businesses and an increased customer base for our administrative services only business.

·	*Net investment income* was higher, reflecting growth in average invested assets partially offset by lower yields.

·	*Mail order pharmacy revenues.* The modest increase primarily reflects price increases and a change in the types of medications being prescribed.

·	*Realized investment results* increased for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared with the same period in 2016 due primarily to a gain on the sale of an alternative investment and lower impairment losses.

Global medical customers. Our medical customer base increased as of March 31, 2017 compared with March 31, 2016, including growth across all of our Commercial market segments, partially offset by the expected disenrollment in our Medicare Advantage business.

Commentary on Other Components of Consolidated Results of Operations

·	*Global Health Care medical costs.* The increase for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared with the same period in 2016 was due primarily to customer growth and medical cost inflation, partially offset by favorable prior year reserve development.

·	*Other benefit expenses* for the three months ended March 31, 2017 were flat compared with the same period in 2016 as improvements in our disability claims experience were offset by customer growth in Global Supplemental Benefits.

·	*Mail order pharmacy costs.* The modest increase for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared with the same period in 2016 primarily reflects price increases and a change in the types of medications being prescribed.

·	Operating expenses. The increase for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared with the same period in 2016 was primarily the result of increases in special items and additional volume-based expenses in Global Health Care. The absence of the health insurance industry tax in 2017 partially offset these increases. See the Health Care Industry Developments starting on page 51 for discussion of the health insurance industry tax.

Table of Contents

·	*Special items*. Special items charges were higher for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared with the same period in 2016 primarily due to the long-term care guaranty fund assessment. See Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details about special items.

·	*Effective tax rate.* The decrease in our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared with the same period in 2016 was primarily due to the moratorium on the health insurance industry tax in 2017.

Proposed Merger with Anthem, Inc. (“Anthem”)

On July 23, 2015, we entered into a definitive agreement to merge with Anthem, subject to certain terms, conditions and customary operating covenants, with Anthem continuing as the surviving company.

At special shareholders’ meetings in December 2015, Cigna shareholders approved the merger with Anthem and Anthem shareholders voted to approve the issuance of shares of Anthem common stock according to the merger agreement.

Upon closing, our shareholders would receive $103.40 in cash and 0.5152 of a share of Anthem common stock for each common share of the Company. The closing price of Anthem ~~common~~ stock on ~~November 2, 2016~~May 4, 2017 was ~~$122.99.~~ $179.89.

Consummation of the merger is subject to certain customary conditions, including the receipt of certain necessary governmental and regulatory approvals, and the absence of a legal restraint prohibiting the consummation of the merger.

On July 21, 2016, the U.S. Department of Justice ~~(“DOJ”~~(‘‘DOJ’’) and certain state attorneys general filed a civil antitrust lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia (the ‘‘District Court’’) seeking to block the merger and, on January 4, 2017, the parties concluded the District Court trial. On February 8, 2017, the District Court issued an order enjoining the proposed merger. ~~Trial is scheduled~~Anthem appealed this ruling to ~~begin~~the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (the ‘‘Appeals Court’’). Additionally, Cigna appealed the District Court ruling following the Chancery Court ruling described below. Oral arguments were heard in the Appeals Court on ~~November 21, 2016. Cigna will continue to defend itself in this matter. In light~~March 24, 2017. On April 28, 2017, the Appeals Court affirmed the decision of the ~~DOJ litigation,~~District Court. On May 5, 2017, Anthem filed a petition for a writ of certiorari with the United States Supreme Court seeking appeal of the U.S. Court of Appeals decision affirming the District Court’s order enjoining the merger.

On February 14, 2017, Cigna delivered a notice to Anthem terminating the merger agreement and filed suit in the Delaware Court of Chancery (the ‘‘Chancery Court’’) seeking, among other things, declaratory judgment that Cigna’s termination of the merger agreement is lawful and that Anthem does not ~~believe~~have the ~~transaction~~right to extend the merger agreement termination date. Later that day, Anthem filed a lawsuit in the Chancery Court against us seeking, among other things, a temporary restraining order to enjoin Cigna from terminating the merger agreement, specific performance and damages, and, on February 15, 2017, the Chancery Court issued an order temporarily enjoining us from terminating the merger agreement. This order will ~~close in 2016 and the earliest it could close is 2017, if~~be subject to further review at ~~all.~~a preliminary injunction hearing currently scheduled for May 8, 2017.

See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details. In addition, see Item 1A. – Risk Factors in our ~~2015~~2016 Form 10-K for risks to our business due to the proposed merger.

~~For further information on our business and strategy, please see Item 1, “Business” in our 2015 Form 10-K.~~

~~Executive Overview~~Table of Contents

This section includes a discussion of our consolidated financial results for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the same periods in 2015 as well as key trends and transactions impacting our business. See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our reporting segments.

~~Financial Summary~~

~~Summarized below are certain key measures of our performance for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016:~~

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

2016

2015

% Change

2016

2015

% Change

Total revenues

$
9,880

$
9,389

5
%
$
29,724

$
28,348

5
%
Operating revenues (1)

Global Health Care

$
7,713

$
7,408

4
%
$
23,437

$
22,361

5
%
Global Supplemental Benefits

866

793

9

2,507

2,344

7

Group Disability and Life

1,111

1,064

4

3,318

3,186

4

Other Operations

115

118

(3)

353

366

(4)

Corporate

-

(4)

100

(1)

(13)

92

Consolidated operating revenues

$
9,805

$
9,379

5
%
$
29,614

$
28,244

5
%
Shareholders’ net income (1)

$
456

$
547

(17)
%
$
1,485

$
1,668

(11)
%
Adjusted income from operations (1)

Global Health Care

$
416

$
482

(14)
%
$
1,446

$
1,454

(1)
%
Global Supplemental Benefits

81

62

31

231

208

11

Group Disability and Life

53

84

(37)

56

241

(77)

Other Operations

14

17

(18)

54

55

(2)

Corporate

(61)

(52)

(17)

(168)

(188)

11

Total adjusted income from operations

$
503

$
593

(15)
%
$
1,619

$
1,770

(9)
%
Earnings per share (diluted):

Shareholders’ net income (1)

$
1.76

$
2.10

(16)
%
$
5.72

$
6.40

(11)
%
Adjusted income from operations (1)

$
1.94

$
2.28

(15)
%
$
6.24

$
6.79

(8)
%

As of September 30,

2016

2015

Global medical customers (in thousands)

15,177

14,849

2
%

(1) See Consolidated Results of Operations on page 53 for reconciliations of consolidated operating revenues to consolidated total revenues and adjusted income from operations to shareholders’ net income.

~~Total revenues.~~ The increase in total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2016, compared with the same period in 2015, reflected increased operating revenues discussed below and significantly higher realized investment gains. See the Consolidated Results of Operations discussion on page 53 for further details on realized investment gains.

~~For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, total revenues increased compared with the same period in 2015, driven primarily by increased operating revenues.~~

~~Operating revenues~~ increased for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the same periods in 2015 in each of our ongoing reporting segments (Global Health Care, Global Supplemental Benefits and Group Disability and Life). These increases were attributable primarily to growth in specialty businesses within our Global Health Care segment and in certain of our other targeted markets and segments. Higher premium rates in our health care businesses to recover medical cost trend also contributed to the increase.

~~Shareholders’ net income~~ decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the same period in 2015 due to lower adjusted income from operations as discussed below, partially offset by the significant increase in realized investment gains.

~~For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the same period in 2015, shareholders’ net income decreased due primarily to lower adjusted income from operations.~~

~~Adjusted income from operations~~ ~~decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the same period in 2015. These results were primarily attributable to the following factors:~~

· ~~Lower earnings in our Global Health Care segment due primarily to costs related to our CMS audit response and a higher medical care ratio in the Government segment.~~

· Lower earnings in our Group Disability and Life segment due to unfavorable disability and life claims experience and the absence of the favorable impact of reserve reviews. Although lower than last year, third quarter earnings for the Group Disability and Life segment recovered from the levels reported in the first half of 2016, as both disability and life claims experience improved.

~~Partially offsetting these factors were increased earnings in our Global Supplemental Benefits segment driven primarily by growth in our South Korea business.~~

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, adjusted income from operations decreased compared with the same period in 2015, primarily resulting from the significant earnings decline in our Group Disability and Life segment due to the factors discussed above. Improved earnings in our Global Supplemental Benefits segment partially offset this decline.

~~Global medical customers.~~ ~~Our medical customer base increased as of September 30, 2016 compared with September 30, 2015 due to growth in our middle market, select, international and government market segments.~~

Further discussion of detailed components of revenue and expenses can be found in the “Consolidated Results of Operations” section of this MD&A beginning on page 53. For further analysis and explanation of individual segment results, see the “Segment Reporting” section of this MD&A beginning on page 59.

Health Care Industry Developments ~~And~~and Other Matters Affecting Our Global Health Care Segment

Our ~~2015~~2016 Form 10-K provides a detailed description of The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“the Health Care ~~Reform”~~Reform Act” or “ACA”) provisions and other legislative initiatives that impact our health care business, including regulations issued by ~~CMS,~~the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) and the Departments of the Treasury and Health and Human Services (“HHS”). The table presented below provides an update of the impact of these items and other matters affecting our Global Health Care segment as of ~~September 30, 2016.~~March 31, 2017.


Item			Description

Medicare Advantage (“MA”)			CMS ~~actions:~~sanctions: InAs further discussed in Note 16(E) to the Consolidated Financial Statements, in January 2016, CMS ~~issued a Notice of Imposition of Immediate Intermediate Sanctions (“the Notice”) to the Company. The Notice~~imposed sanctions that required us to suspend certain enrollment and marketing activities ~~for~~on our Medicare Advantage-Prescription Drug and Medicare Part D Plans. ~~The sanctions do not impact the right of current enrollees to remain covered by our Medicare Advantage-Prescription Drug or Medicare Part D Plans.~~ We continue to devote significant resources to our remediation efforts. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, costs related to our CMS audit response were approximately $80 million after-tax. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. ~~While we~~ are working ~~with CMS to address the audit findings and have the~~towards having these sanctions lifted ~~as quickly as possible, these matters will not be resolved~~ in time to participate in the ~~2017 Medicare Advantage and Part D~~2018 annual enrollment ~~period that began in October 2016 and ends on December 7, 2016. The impact of disenrollment is not material to 2016 consolidated revenues and earnings. In~~period. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, Medicare enrollment and consolidated revenues ~~will be~~were materially impacted due to our inability to participate in 2017 annual ~~enrollment.~~enrollment, and management expects that trend to continue for the remainder of 2017. However, management ~~does not anticipate~~anticipates that full-year 2017 shareholders’ net income will not be materially affected because we expect ~~to offset~~ the margin impact of the revenue loss ~~with several factors including~~to be offset by 2017 remediation costs that are significantly lower ~~costs to remediate~~than the ~~sanctions~~$100 million after-tax amount reported in 2016 and other operational ~~efficiencies.~~efficiencies to improve 2017 results. The impact of disenrollment was not material to 2016 consolidated revenues and earnings. ~~On October 12, 2016, CMS announced~~ Medicare Star Quality Ratings (“Star Ratings”) ~~for 2017 (see page 22 of~~: During 2016, CMS took actions related to our ~~2015 Form 10-K for further description of Star Ratings).~~ ~~While~~ Star Ratings scheduled to take effect in 2018. These actions are ~~based on a number of plan performance measures that are evaluated each year,~~discussed further in Note 16(E) to the ~~projected Star Ratings for our plans included certain reductions which are primarily attributable to our CMS audit discussed above.~~ Under these revised Star Ratings, approximately 20% of our Medicare Advantage customers would be in a 4 Stars or greater plan. We do not believe that these Star Ratings reflect the quality offerings Cigna HealthSpring provides to beneficiaries.Consolidated Financial Statements. We will work fully with CMS through their process as well as consider additional alternatives to ensure that final Star Ratings more accurately reflect our performance. We remain committed to our partnership with CMS and to delivering quality products and services to seniors, whileare working to mitigate the impact these Star Ratings could have on our offerings in 2018. If we are unsuccessful in restoring at least some of the Star Ratings, modifying our product offerings or implementing operational efficiencies in the Government business, the effect could be material to shareholders’ net income in 2018. There is no financial impact in ~~2016 or~~ 2017 because these ratings apply to plans for the 2018 payment year. However, if we are unsuccessful in restoring at least some of the Star Ratings, the effect in 2018 could be material to shareholders’ net income. The actual impact on earnings in 2018 could potentially be offset in part by our ability to restore some or all of our 2018 Star Ratings, modify our product offerings and implement operational efficiencies in the government business. ~~2017~~2018 MA Rates: Final MA reimbursement rates for ~~2017~~2018 were published by CMS in April ~~2016.~~2017. We do not expect the new rates to have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations in ~~2017.~~2018.
Health Care Reform Act Taxes and Fees - Industry Tax			Health Insurance Industry Tax: ~~This~~From 2014-2016, this non-deductible tax ~~is being~~was levied based on a ratio of an insurer’s net health insurance premiums written for the previous calendar year compared to the U.S. health insurance industry total. We recognized approximately $230 million in operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. The industry assessment is $11.3 billion in both 2016 and 2015, and our full-year fee is approximately $310 million in both 2016 and 2015. Because this tax is not deductible for federal income tax purposes, it negatively impacts our effective tax rate. Of the full year 2016 tax, $170 million relates to our commercial business and $140 million to our Government business. For our commercial business, we incorporated the industry tax into target pricing actions. For our Medicare business, although we have partially mitigated the effect of the tax through benefit changes and customer premium increases, the combination of the tax and lower MA rates have reduced margins in the Government operating segment in both 2016 and 2015. In December 2015, federal appropriations legislation imposed a one-year moratorium on the industry tax for 2017, with reinstatement expected in ~~2018.~~ 2018 under the currently enacted legislation. The amount of the tax was approximately $310 million in 2016, and we recognized approximately $80 million in operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Because this tax is not deductible for federal income tax purposes, it negatively impacted our effective tax rate in 2016. Our ~~target~~ pricing actions ~~related to~~in 2017 ~~and 2018 plan years will consider~~reflected the ~~impacts~~moratorium on the industry tax, whereas in 2016 we included this tax in our premium rates (primarily for Commercial business). Given the current health care legislative proposals being discussed by the federal government, the future of this ~~legislation.~~

~~Item~~

~~Description~~industry tax remains uncertain beyond 2017.

- Reinsurance Fee

Reinsurance Fee: This fee was applicable only for 2014-2016, is a fixed dollar per customer levy that applies to both insured and self-insured major medical plans excluding certain products such as Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D. Proceeds from the fee are being used to fund the reinsurance program for non-grandfathered individual business sold either on or off the public exchanges.2014-2016. For our insured business, the amount of the fee ~~is expected to approximate $40~~was approximately $45 million in 2016, ~~compared with $70 million in 2015~~ and ~~is tax deductible. The decrease in 2016 reflects a decline in the per-customer levy from $44 in 2015 to $27 in 2016. We recorded~~we recognized approximately ~~$30~~$10 million for the ~~reinsurance fee for the nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2016 compared with approximately $60 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. We incorporate these fees into target pricing actions.~~March 31, 2016.

Table of Contents


Item			Description

Public Health Exchanges			Public Health Exchanges: ~~For 2016, we offered individual coverage on seven public health insurance exchanges in the following states: Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Missouri, Tennessee and Texas.~~ For 2017, we ~~expect to~~ offer individual coverage on seven public health insurance exchanges in the following states: Colorado, Illinois, Maryland, Missouri, North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia.

Risk Mitigation Programs

See Note ~~2(R)~~2(K) to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2016 Form ~~2015~~ 10-K for a description of these programs that commenced in 2014 and our related accounting policy. The risk corridor and reinsurance programs ended as of December 31, 2016.

The following table presents the after-tax impact to shareholders’ net income of these programs for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and ~~nine months ended September 30,~~ 2016 ~~and 2015~~ and our net receivable balances as of ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 and December 31, ~~2015.~~2016.


	After-tax Impact on Shareholders’ Net Income (1)												Net Receivable (Payable) Balance (2)						After-tax Impact on Shareholders’ Net Income
	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended				Net Receivable Balance (2)										Three Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,				September 30,		December 31,		March 31,			December 31,			March 31,
(In millions)	2016		2015		2016		2015		2016		2015		2017			2016			2017			2016
Risk Corridor (1)
Risk corridor (gross)													$	124		$	124		$	-		$	(4)
Risk corridor allowance													(124		)	(124		)	-			-
Net risk corridor													-			-			-			(4)
Reinsurance	$	10	$	33	$	26	$	104	$	58	$	158	39			63			(4		)	2
Risk Adjustment	1		12		23		75		53		118		(31		)	1			(18		)	(3)
Risk Corridor	9		27		(6)		34		124		134
Total	$	20	$	72	$	43	$	213	$	235	$	410	$	8		$	64		$	(22	)	$	(5)

(1) ~~For~~See discussion below of the ~~2016 coverage year, we have accrued reinsurance recoveries at the 50% coinsurance rate prescribed by Health Care Reform.~~risk corridor balance.

(2) For the reinsurance program, receivables are reported in reinsurance recoverables. Receivables, net of allowances, for the risk adjustment and risk corridor programs are reported in premiums, accounts and notes receivable. Payables for the risk adjustment program of $112 million as of March 31, 2017 and ~~risk corridor programs~~$51 million as of December 31, 2016 are netted in the ~~receivable~~ balance presented above, but are reported in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

InSee the ~~table above, the $43 million after-tax impact recorded~~MD&A in our 2016 Form 10-K for discussion of our decision to record an allowance for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 includes approximately $50 million related to the 2016 coverage year, and a $7 million reduction related to the 2015 coverage year. The $213 million after-tax impact recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 included approximately $193 million related to the 2015 coverage year and a $20 million increase related to the 2014 coverage year.

~~CMS has paid all amounts due under the 2014 reinsurance and risk adjustment programs and approximately 75%~~balance of ~~amounts due under the 2015 reinsurance and risk adjustment programs. In addition, CMS has paid approximately 13% of insurers’ 2014 coverage year~~our risk corridor ~~receivables. During the third quarter CMS announced 2015~~receivable. As of March 31, 2017, we continue to carry an allowance on our risk corridor ~~submissions are still undergoing review; however,~~receivable based on ~~preliminary analysis it anticipates~~the current status of court decisions. However, we continue to believe that ~~all 2015 collections will be used towards outstanding 2014 obligations and no funds will be available at this time for 2015 risk corridor payments. CMS also reiterated its legal~~the government has a binding obligation to ~~pay insurers under~~satisfy the risk corridor program as required by the Affordable Care Act. If CMS’ risk corridor program collections, including carryovers from prior years, are insufficient to satisfy its payment obligations, CMS has stated that it will explore other funding sources subject to the availability of appropriations that may require congressional approval. Additionally, in response to other carriers’ litigation requesting payment of outstanding risk corridor balances, the DOJ filed motions to dismiss on the grounds that the ACA does not require CMS to make risk corridor payments beyond collections from carriers. The court is expected to rule on each of these motions in the coming months. We are continuing to monitor developments related to the risk corridor program funding. If the court were to accept the DOJ’s argument, full collection of risk corridor receivables could be at risk.

~~CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS~~

~~Summarized below are our results of operations on a GAAP basis:~~

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

FINANCIAL SUMMARY

September 30,

September 30,

(In millions)

2016

2015

% Change

2016

2015

% Change

Premiums

$
7,605

$
7,347

4
%
$
23,005

$
22,181

4
%
Fees and other revenues

1,156

1,104

5

3,554

3,359

6

Net investment income

282

285

(1)

848

858

(1)

Mail order pharmacy revenues

762

643

19

2,207

1,846

20

Consolidated operating revenues

9,805

9,379

5

29,614

28,244

5

Net realized investment gains

75

10

N/M

110

104

6

Total revenues

9,880

9,389

5

29,724

28,348

5

Global Health Care medical costs

4,692

4,539

3

14,230

13,720

4

Other benefit expenses

1,343

1,230

9

4,125

3,698

12

Mail order pharmacy costs

638

532

20

1,842

1,553

19

Operating expenses

2,428

2,171

12

7,038

6,587

7

Amortization of other acquired intangible assets, net

37

39

(5)

115

122

(6)

Total benefits and expenses

9,138

8,511

7

27,350

25,680

7

Income before taxes

742

878

(15)

2,374

2,668

(11)

Income taxes

290

334

(13)

905

1,009

(10)

Net income

452

544

(17)

1,469

1,659

(11)

Less: net (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests

(4)

(3)

(33)

(16)

(9)

(78)

Shareholders’ net income

$
456

$
547

(17)
%
$
1,485

$
1,668

(11)
%

A reconciliation of shareholders’ net income to adjusted income from operations follows:

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

Change

September 30,

Change

FINANCIAL SUMMARY

(In millions)

2016

2015

Favorable
(Unfavorable)

2016

2015

Favorable
(Unfavorable)

Shareholders’ net income

$
456

$
547

(17)
%
$
1,485

$
1,668

(11)
%
After-tax adjustments required to reconcile to adjusted income from operations:

Net realized investment (gains)

(48)

(7)

(71)

(68)

Amortization of other acquired intangible assets, net

24

24

72

76

Special items:

Charges associated with litigation matters

25

-

25

-

Debt extinguishment costs

-

-

-

65

Merger-related transaction costs

46

29

108

29

Total special items

71

29

133

94

Adjusted income from operations

$
503

$
593

(15)
%
$
1,619

$
1,770

(9)
%

Other Key Consolidated Financial Data

Earnings per share (diluted):

Shareholders’ net income

$
1.76

$
2.10

(16)
%
$
5.72

$
6.40

(11)
%
After-tax adjustments required to reconcile to adjusted income from operations:

Net realized investment (gains)

(0.19)

(0.02)

(0.27)

(0.26)

Amortization of other acquired intangible assets, net

0.09

0.09

0.28

0.29

Special items:

Charges associated with litigation matters

0.10

-

0.10

-

Debt extinguishment costs

-

-

-

0.25

Merger-related transaction costs

0.18

0.11

0.41

0.11

Adjusted income from operations

$
1.94

$
2.28

(15)
%
$
6.24

$
6.79

(8)
%
Global medical customers (in thousands)

15,177

14,849

2
%
Effective tax rate

39.1%

38.0%

(110)
bps
38.1%

37.8%

(30)
bps

~~CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS~~receivable.

·52~~Revenues.~~ ~~Components~~

Table of ~~the increase in total revenues for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the same periods in 2015 are discussed further below.~~Contents

·~~Premiums.~~ The increases reflect growth in each of our ongoing operating segments: Global Health Care, Global Supplemental Benefits and Group Disability and Life. These favorable results are primarily attributable to customer growth in certain of our market segments, including specialty health care businesses, and higher premium rates in our health care businesses consistent with medical cost trend.

·~~Fees and other revenues.~~ ~~The increases were largely the result of customer growth in our administrative services only business including contributions from specialty products offered through our Global Health Care segment.~~

·~~Net investment income~~ ~~was slightly lower in each period reflecting lower investment yields from the continued low interest rate environment, partially offset by higher average invested assets.~~

·~~Mail order pharmacy revenues.~~ ~~The increase in each period was driven by higher volume, primarily for injectable medications, due to the increased use of home delivery by our growing customer base.~~

·~~Realized investment results~~ increased substantially for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the same period in 2015 due primarily to significantly reduced impairment losses on below investment grade fixed maturities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, realized investment results increased slightly compared with the same period in 2015, reflecting significantly lower impairment losses on below investment grade fixed maturities offset by lower gains from sales of equity securities. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

·~~Global Health Care medical costs.~~ The increases for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the same periods in 2015, were due primarily to growth in both our specialty businesses and the Government segment. To a lesser extent, medical cost inflation contributed to the increases.

·~~Other benefit expenses.~~ The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the same period in 2015, resulted primarily from business growth in the Group Disability and Life and Global Supplemental Benefits segments and unfavorable claims experience in the Group Disability and Life segment. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the increase compared with the same period in 2015 was due primarily to unfavorable claims experience in the Group Disability and Life segment and business growth in the Group Disability and Life and Global Supplemental Benefits segments.

·~~Mail order pharmacy costs.~~ The increases for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the same periods in 2015, were driven by higher volume, primarily for injectable medications, due to the increased use of home delivery by our growing customer base.

·~~Operating expenses~~. The increases for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the same periods in 2015, were primarily the result of costs related to our CMS audit response, business growth and strategic investments across our segments.

·~~Special items~~. The special item charges for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016 include the after-tax impact of legal, advisory and other transaction costs directly related to our proposed merger with Anthem and the after-tax impact of certain litigation matters. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details about the merger. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details about litigation matters.

~~The special item charges for the~~ nine months ended September 30, 2016 included both merger-related transaction costs and the after-tax impact of litigation matters. The special item charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 included both merger-related transaction costs and the after-tax impact of the loss on the early extinguishment of debt. See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details of the debt transaction.

·~~Effective tax rates.~~ The increase in our effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the same period in September 30, 2015, was largely driven by an increase in certain merger-related transaction costs reported in 2016 that are not tax deductible. Our effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased compared with the same period in September 30, 2015, due to the increase in non-tax deductible merger-related transaction costs offset by the tax benefits associated with adopting ASU 2016-09 as discussed in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity

We maintain liquidity at two levels: the subsidiary level and the parent company level.

Liquidity requirements at the subsidiary level generally consist of:

·medical costs and benefit payments to policyholders; and

·operating expense requirements, primarily for employee compensation and ~~benefits.~~benefits, information technology and facilities costs; and

· income taxes.

Our subsidiaries normally meet their operating requirements by:

·maintaining appropriate levels of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments;

·using cash flows from operating activities;

·selling investments;

·matching investment durations to those estimated for the related insurance and contractholder liabilities; and

·borrowing from affiliates, subject to applicable regulatory limits.

Liquidity requirements at the parent company level generally consist of:

·debt service and dividend payments to shareholders;

·pension plan funding; and

·repurchases of common stock.

The parent company normally meets its liquidity requirements by:

·maintaining appropriate levels of cash and various types of marketable investments;

·collecting dividends from its subsidiaries;

·using proceeds from issuance of debt and equity securities; and

·borrowing from its subsidiaries.

Cash flows for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, were as follows:

(In millions)	2016		2015		2017		2016
Operating activities (1)	$	3,074	$	1,797	$	1,579	$	921
Investing activities(1)	$	(1,589)	$	(297)	$	(117)	$	(360	)
Financing activities ~~(1)~~	$	(255)	$	(503)	$	(515)	$	(146	)

(1) As required in adopting ASU 2016-09, the Company retrospectively reclassified $78 million of cash payments from operating to financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. These payments were related to employee tax obligations associated with stock compensation. The comparable amount reported in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was $69
(1) As required in adopting Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-15, we retrospectively reclassified $27 million of cash distributions from partnership earnings from investing to operating activities for the first quarter of 2016. The comparable amount reported in operating activities in 2017 was $45 million. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

Cash flows from operating activities consist of cash receipts and disbursements for premiums, fees and other revenues, mail order pharmacy, investment income, taxes and benefits and expenses. Because certain income and expense transactions do not generate cash, and because cash transactions related to revenues and expenses may occur in periods different from when those revenues and expenses are recognized in shareholders’ net income, cash flows from operating activities can significantly differ from shareholders’ net income.

Cash flows from investing activities generally consist of net investment purchases or sales and net purchases of property and equipment including capitalized internal-use software, as well as cash used to acquire businesses.

Cash flows from financing activities are generally comprised of issuances and re-payment of debt, proceeds on the issuance of common stock resulting from stock option exercises, and stock repurchases. In addition, the subsidiaries report net deposits and withdrawals to and from contractholder deposit fund liabilities (that include universal life insurance liabilities) because such liabilities are considered financing activities with policyholders.

53

Table of Contents
Operating activities

Cash provided by operating activities increased for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 compared with the same period in ~~2015,~~2016, primarily driven by ~~approximately $775 million received~~ early receipt of the April monthly payment from CMS of approximately $730 million for ~~October payments~~our Medicare Advantage and ~~the timing of receipts for Medicare~~ Part D ~~and Medicare Advantage programs.~~businesses, partially offset by a voluntary pension contribution of $150 million.

Investing activities

Cash used in investing activities ~~increased~~ decreased for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 compared with the same period in ~~2015,~~2016, primarily due to ~~lower investment~~higher proceeds from sales and maturities ~~combined with higher purchases~~ of ~~short term~~short-term investments.

Financing activities

Cash used in financing activities ~~decreased~~increased for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 compared with the same period in ~~2015,~~ 2016, primarily due to ~~lower volume~~repayment of long-term debt and higher share ~~repurchases offset by lower proceeds from issuance of stock.~~repurchases.

We maintain a share repurchase program, authorized by ~~the~~our Board of Directors. Under this program, we may repurchase shares from time to time, depending on market conditions and alternate uses of capital. ~~We may suspend activity under our~~The timing and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including price, general business and market conditions, and alternate uses of capital. The share repurchase program ~~from time to time and~~ may ~~also remove such suspensions, generally without public announcement. We may also repurchase shares at times when we otherwise might~~ be ~~precluded from doing so~~effected through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under ~~insider trading laws or because~~the Securities Exchange Act of ~~self-imposed trading black-out periods by use of a~~1934, as amended, including through Rule 10b5-1 trading ~~plan.~~plans. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

Through ~~November 3, 2016,~~May 4, 2017, we had repurchased ~~0.8~~2.3 million shares for ~~$110 million under our share repurchase program.~~approximately $340 million. The total remaining share repurchase ~~authority~~authorization as of ~~November 3, 2016~~May 4, 2017 was ~~$725 million.~~$3.4 billion, and we are limited to a repurchase pace of $250 million per quarter, consistent with the merger agreement limitations.

Interest Expense

Interest expense on long-term debt, short-term debt and capital leases was as follows:

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

(In millions)

2016

2015

2016

2015

Interest expense

  $
63

$
62

  $
188

$
190

~~Interest expense presented above for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 excludes losses on the early extinguishment of debt.~~

Three Months Ended

March 31,

(In millions)

2017

2016

Interest expense

��  $
62

$
63

Capital Resources

Our capital resources (primarily retained earnings and the proceeds from the issuance of debt and equity securities) provide protection for policyholders, furnish the financial strength to underwrite insurance risks and facilitate continued business growth.

Management, guided by regulatory requirements and rating agency capital guidelines, determines the amount of capital resources that we maintain.  Management allocates resources to new long-term business commitments when returns, considering the risks, look promising and when the resources available to support existing business are adequate.
We prioritize our use of capital resources to:

·      provide the capital necessary to support growth and maintain or improve the financial strength ratings of subsidiaries;

·      consider acquisitions that are strategically and economically advantageous; and

·      return capital to investors through share repurchase.

See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding capital restrictions imposed by our merger agreement with Anthem. The availability of capital resources will be impacted by equity and credit market conditions. Extreme volatility in credit or equity market conditions may reduce our ability to issue debt or equity securities.

Liquidity and Capital Resources Outlook

~~The~~The availability of resources at the parent company level is partially dependent on dividends from our subsidiaries, most of which are subject to regulatory restrictions and rating agency capital guidelines, and partially dependent on the availability of liquidity from the issuance of debt or equity securities.

At ~~September 30, 2016,~~March 31, 2017, there was ~~$2.2~~$2.7 billion in cash and marketable investments available at the parent company level. For the remainder of ~~2016,~~2017, the parent company’s cash obligations are approximately $190 million, primarily for interest ~~payments of approximately $60 million. The parent company also has~~payments. We repaid $250 million of long-term debt ~~obligations that will mature~~and made a voluntary pension contribution of $150 million in ~~the~~ first quarter of 2017.

We expect to have sufficient liquidity to meet the obligations discussed above, based on the parent company’s current cash position and current projections for subsidiary dividends. In addition, we actively monitor our debt obligations and engage in issuance or redemption activities as needed in accordance with our capital management strategy.

Our cash projections may not be realized and the demand for funds could exceed available cash if our ongoing businesses experience unexpected shortfalls in earnings, or we experience material adverse effects from one or more risks or uncertainties described more fully in the Risk Factors section of the ~~2015~~2016 Form 10-K. In those cases, we expect to have the flexibility to satisfy liquidity needs through a variety of measures including intercompany borrowings and sales of liquid investments. The parent company may borrow up to $1.3 billion from its insurance subsidiaries without additional state approval. As of ~~September 30, 2016,~~March 31, 2017, the parent company had approximately ~~$68~~$162 million of net intercompany loans ~~receivable from~~payable to its insurance subsidiaries. Alternatively, to satisfy parent company liquidity requirements we may use short-term borrowings, such as the commercial paper program and the committed revolving credit and letter of credit agreement of up to $1.5 billion, subject to the maximum debt leverage covenant in the credit agreement. As of ~~September 30, 2016,~~March 31, 2017, short-term borrowing capacity of ~~$1.5~~$1.5 billion under the credit agreement was available to us. Including this ~~$1.5~~$1.5 billion, we have borrowing capacity of ~~$9.5~~$10.5 billion within the maximum debt leverage covenant in the credit agreement described in Note 125 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, in addition to the ~~$5.1~~$4.8 billion of debt outstanding.

Though we believe we have adequate sources of liquidity, significant disruption or volatility in the capital and credit markets could affect our ability to access those markets for additional borrowings or increase costs associated with borrowing funds.

The state of Illinois is operating without a budget for its second fiscal year. It is unclear when or if the state’s budget difficulties will be resolved. These budget difficulties have contributed to the state of Illinois being delinquent in processing payments for premiums and fees. At March 31, 2017, the total amount due was approximately $90 million. We continue to monitor our receivable balances and work with the state on the timing of payments.
Overseas earnings.We maintain a capital management strategy to retain overseas a significant portion of the earnings from our foreign operations. As of March 31, 2017, undistributed earnings were approximately $2.7 billion. These undistributed earnings are deployed outside of the U.S. predominantly in support of the liquidity and regulatory capital ~~needs~~requirements of our foreign operations. ~~As of September 30, 2016, undistributed earnings were approximately $2.8 billion. If repatriated, approximately $340~~Approximately $290 million of cash and cash equivalents held overseas as of March 31, 2017 would be subject to additional tax expense representing the difference between the U.S. and foreign tax ~~rates.~~rates, if repatriated. We continue to expect most of the undistributed earnings and future earnings to be reinvested to support growth initiatives overseas. This strategy does not materially limit our ability to meet our liquidity and capital needs in the U.S. ~~Cash and cash equivalents in foreign operations are held primarily to meet local liquidity and surplus needs with excess funds generally invested in longer duration, high quality securities.~~
~~Pension update.~~ As of September 30, 2016, discount rates used annually to measure pension liabilities had declined by approximately 75 basis points since December 31, 2015, reflecting continuing market volatility. As required by GAAP, the Company will update its pension liability at December 31, 2016 using an updated discount rate and actual year-end pension assets. If discount rates remain at their September 30, 2016 levels and asset performance for the balance of 2016 is in line with our assumptions, the pension liability is expected to increase by approximately $300 million at December 31, 2016 resulting in an after-tax decline in shareholders’ equity of approximately $200 million. The amount of the year-end 2016 adjustment will be influenced by the movement of discount rates and investment markets during the remainder of 2016. This potential increase in the pension liability is not expected to increase 2017 pension expense or expected funding, resulting in no material impact to the Company’s 2017 results of operations or liquidity.
Guarantees and Contractual Obligations

We are contingently liable for various contractual obligations entered into during the ordinary course of business. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Contractual obligations. ~~We have updated our~~ During the three months ended March 31, 2017, there were no material changes to the contractual obligations ~~previously provided~~reported in ~~our 2015~~the Company’s 2016 Form ~~10-K for the following item:~~10-K.

·Investment commitments: the Company has entered into new commitments primarily to invest in security and real estate limited partnerships. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. These investment commitments are reported along with future service commitments as purchase obligations in the below table.

Less than 1

1-3

4-5

After 5

(In millions, on an undiscounted basis)

Total

year

years

years

years

Off-Balance Sheet

Purchase obligations

$
1,258

$
381

$
596

$
182

$
99

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures in the Consolidated Financial Statements. We consider an accounting estimate to be critical if:

·      it requires assumptions to be made that were uncertain at the time the estimate was made; and

·      changes in the estimate or different estimates that could have been selected could have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations or financial condition.

We have discussed the development and selection of our critical accounting estimates and reviewed the disclosures presented in our ~~2015~~ 2016 Form 10-K with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. We regularly evaluate items that may impact critical accounting estimates. Our most critical accounting estimates, as well as the effects of hypothetical changes in material assumptions used to develop each estimate, are described in the ~~2015~~2016 Form 10-K. As of ~~September 30, 2016,~~March 31, 2017, there are no significant changes to the critical accounting estimates from what was reported in our ~~2015~~2016 Form ~~10-K except as noted below.~~
~~Goodwill~~10-K.
Our annual evaluations of goodwill for impairment were completed during the third quarter of 2016. These evaluations were performed at the reporting unit level, based on discounted cash flow analyses and market data.
Our evaluation of the Government reporting unit indicated that its fair value could decrease by approximately 15% before an indication of goodwill impairment occurs. The fair value of this reporting unit has declined since December 31, 2015 primarily reflecting an update of management’s assessment of the potential effects of CMS sanctions and updated Star Ratings discussed in the “Overview” section of this MD&A.
~~The estimated fair value of each of our remaining reporting units exceeded their carrying values by a substantial margin.~~

Management believes the current assumptions used to estimate amounts reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements are appropriate.  However, if actual experience differs from the assumptions used in estimating amounts reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements, the resulting changes could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, and in certain situations, could have a material adverse effect on liquidity and our financial condition.
SEGMENT REPORTING

The following section of this MD&A discusses the results of each of our reporting segments. In these segment discussions, we present “operating revenues,” defined as total revenues excluding realized investment results and “adjusted income from operations,” defined as shareholders’ net income (loss) excluding after-tax realized investment results, net amortization of other acquired intangible assets and special items. Ratios presented in this segment discussion exclude the same items as adjusted income from operations. See Note 1517 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion of these metrics.

In these segment discussions, we also present “adjusted margin,” defined as adjusted income from operations divided by operating revenues.

See the MD&A Executive Overview beginning on page 47 for summarized financial results of each of our reporting segments.
Global Health Care Segment

As described in the Segment Reporting introduction on page ~~59,~~56, the performance of the Global Health Care segment is measured using adjusted income from operations as presented in the table below. The key factors affecting adjusted income from operations for this segment are:

·      customer growth;

·      sales of specialty products;

·      operating expenses as a percentage of operating revenues (operating expense ratio); and

·      medical costs as a percentage of premiums (medical care ratio or “MCR”) for our commercial and government businesses.

Results of Operations

Global Health Care segment financial summary

Three Months Ended
March 31,

Change

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

Favorable

FINANCIAL SUMMARY

September 30,

Change

September 30,

Change

(In millions)

2016

2015

Favorable
(Unfavorable)

2016

2015

Favorable
(Unfavorable)

2017

2016

(Unfavorable)

Operating revenues

  $
7,713

  $
7,408

4
%
  $
23,437

  $
22,361

5
%

  $
8,198

  $
7,884

4
%
Adjusted income from operations

  $
416

  $
482

(14)
%
  $
1,446

  $
1,454

(1)
%

  $
610

  $
544

12
%
Adjusted margin

5.4
%
6.5
%
(110)bps

6.2
%
6.5
%
(30)bps

7.4
%
6.9
%
50bps

Medical Care Ratios:

Commercial

79.4
%
79.3
%
(10)bps

78.0
%
77.3
%
(70)bps

77.6
%
75.8
%
(180)bps

Government

85.3
%
83.6
%
(170)bps

85.9
%
85.9
%
-bps

85.9
%
86.2
%
30bps

Consolidated Global Health Care

81.6
%
81.0
%
(60)bps

81.1
%
80.7
%
(40)bps

80.3
%
80.0
%
(30)bps

Operating expense ratio

22.1
%
20.8
%
(130)bps

21.3
%
21.0
%
(30)bps

20.5
%
21.0
%
50bps

As of September 30,

As of March 31,

(In thousands)
(In thousands)

2016

2015

% Change

2017

2016

% Change

Customers:
Customers:

Total commercial risk
Total commercial risk

2,541

2,492

2
%

2,927

2,510

17
%
Total government
Total government

583

558

4

502

615

(18)

Total risk
Total risk

3,124

3,050

2

3,429

3,125

10

Service
Service

12,053

11,799

2

12,305

12,004

3

Total medical customers
Total medical customers

15,177

14,849

2
%

15,734

15,129

4
%

As of

As of

(In millions)
(In millions)

September 30,
2016

December 31,
2015

% Change

March 31,
2017

December 31,
2016

% Change

Global Health Care medical costs payable
Global Health Care medical costs payable

  $
2,550

  $
2,355

8
%

  $
2,770

  $
2,532

9
%
Adjusted income from operations~~. The decrease~~ for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 included favorable prior year reserve development of $61 million, compared with $14 million for the same period in 2015, is attributable to lower earnings in our Government segment reflecting higher operating expenses primarily due to costs related to our CMS audit response and a higher medical care ratio. These decreases were partially offset by increased contributions from specialty products in our Commercial segment.
~~Adjusted income from operations is essentially flat for~~2016. In addition, the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the same period in 2015, reflecting lower earnings in our Government segment primarily driven by costs related to our CMS audit response. This decrease was offset by earningsincrease also reflected growth in our Commercial segment ~~primarily due to~~including increased contributions from our specialty products ~~partially mitigated by lower~~and higher margins in our U.S. Individual business, partially offset by lower customer volumes in our Government business.

Operating revenues. The increase for the three months ~~and nine months~~ ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 compared with the same ~~periods~~period in ~~2015,~~2016 was primarily due to customer growth in our specialty and Medicare Advantage businesses, as well as increased fulfillment volumes through our home delivery pharmacy. In addition, the increase reflects higher premium rates for most products in our U.S. health care businesses primarily to recover underlying medical cost trend. These increases wereCommercial risk business, partially offset by lower customer volumes in our ~~Medicare Part D and U.S. Individual businesses.~~Government segment.

Medical care ratios. For the three months ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 compared with the same period in ~~2015,~~2016, the Commercial medical care ratio ~~was essentially unchanged,~~increased, reflecting ~~lower premium due to reduced Health Care Reform mandated fees offset by~~ the ~~impact of a business mix shift from individual to employer within our commercial book of business.~~moratorium on the health insurance industry tax.

For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 compared with the same period in ~~2015,~~2016, the ~~commercial~~Government medical care ratio ~~increased, primarily~~decreased, reflecting ~~lower premium due to reduced Health Care Reform mandated fees and less~~more favorable prior year reserve ~~development.~~
For the three months ended September 30, 2016, the government medical care ratio increased compared with the same period in 2015, primarily due to unfavorable medical costs in our Medicaid business and less favorable prior period claim development.
~~For the~~ nine months ended September 30, 2016, the government medical care ratio was flat compared with the same period in 2015, reflecting unfavorable medical costs in our Medicaid business and less favorable prior period claim development partially offset by ~~improvements in the Medicare Part D business.~~unfavorable 2017 claim experience.

Operating expense ratio. The operating expense ratio ~~increased~~decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2016, compared with the same period in 2015, primarily reflecting costs related to our CMS audit response. Excluding those costs, the operating expense ratio increased slightly, reflecting business initiative investments to enhance our capabilities mostly offset by higher revenue.
~~The operating expense ratio increased slightly for the~~ ~~nine months ended September 30, 2016,~~March 31, 2017, compared to the same period in ~~2015,~~2016, primarily reflecting ~~costs related to our CMS audit response. Excluding those costs,~~ the ~~operating expense ratio decreased slightly, reflecting higher revenue and operating efficiencies, partially offset by business initiative investments to enhance our capabilities.~~moratorium on the health insurance industry tax.

Other Items Affecting Health Care Results

Medical Customers

A medical customer is defined as a person meeting any one of the following criteria:

·      is covered under an insurance policy, managed care arrangement, or service agreement issued by us;

·      has access to our provider network for covered services under their medical plan; or

·      has medical claims and services that are administered by us.

Our medical customer base as of ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 was higher than the same period in ~~2015,~~2016, primarily driven by ~~strong sales~~growth across all market segments in our ~~middle market, select, international and government market segments.~~Commercial businesses, partially offset by declines in our Medicare Advantage business.
Global Health Care Medical Costs Payable

Medical costs payable was higher at ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 compared to December 31, ~~2015,~~2016, primarily due to customer growth and seasonality in our commercial risk and stop loss ~~products and customer growth.~~products. (See Note 56 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.)

Global Supplemental Benefits Segment

As described in the Segment Reporting introduction on page ~~59,~~56, the performance of the Global Supplemental Benefits segment is measured using adjusted income from operations. The key factors affecting adjusted income from operations for this segment are:

·      premium growth, including new business and customer retention;
·      benefit expenses as a percentage of premiums (loss ratio);
·      operating expenses and acquisition expenses as a percentage of operating revenues (expense ratio and acquisition cost ratio); and
·      the impact of foreign currency movements.

Throughout this discussion and the table presented below, prior period currency adjusted income from operations, revenues, and benefits and expenses are calculated by applying the current period’s exchange rates to reported results in the prior period. A strengthening U.S. Dollar against foreign currencies decreases these measures, while a weakening U.S. Dollar produces the opposite effect.
Results of Operations

Global Supplemental Benefits segment financial summary

Three Months Ended

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

Change

FINANCIAL SUMMARY

September 30,

Change

September 30,

Change

(In millions)

2016

2015

Favorable
(Unfavorable)

2016

2015

Favorable
(Unfavorable)

2017

2016

Favorable
(Unfavorable)

Operating revenues

  $
866

  $
793

9%

  $
2,507

  $
2,344

7%

  $
909

   $
806

13
%
Adjusted income from operations

  $
81

  $
62

31%

  $
231

  $
208

11%

  $
74

   $
67

10
%
Operating revenues, using 2016 currency exchange rates

  $
866

  $
804

8%

  $
2,507

  $
2,273

10%

Adjusted income from operations, using 2016 currency exchange rates

  $
81

  $
65

25%

  $
231

  $
200

16%

Operating revenues, using 2017 currency exchange rates

  $
909

   $
818

11
%
Adjusted income from operations, using 2017 currency exchange rates

  $
74

   $
69

7
%
Adjusted margin

9.4
%
7.8
%
160bps

9.2
%
8.9
%
30bps

8.1
%
8.3
%
(20)bps

Loss ratio

54.7
%
54.6
%
(10)bps

55.4
%
55.3
%
(10)bps

58.4
%
56.2
%
(220)bps

Acquisition cost ratio

18.2
%
20.2
%
200bps

18.3
%
19.1
%
80bps

17.2
%
18.4
%
120bps

Expense ratio (excluding acquisition costs)

17.3
%
18.4
%
110bps

17.6
%
17.7
%
10bps

17.2
%
18.2
%
100bps

Adjusted income from ~~operations~~operations. ~~increased~~Results for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 increased compared with the same ~~periods~~period in ~~2015,~~2016 reflecting ~~lower~~business growth, primarily in South Korea. Lower acquisition and operating cost ~~ratios. Business growth, primarily in South Korea,~~ratios also contributed to the favorable ~~results. These factors were~~results, partially offset by higher ~~income taxes primarily driven by less favorable tax adjustments and increased earnings~~claims in ~~higher tax rate jurisdictions.~~the U.S.

Operating revenues increased for the three months ~~and~~ ~~nine months~~ ended ~~September 30, 2016~~ March 31, 2017 compared with the same ~~periods~~period in ~~2015~~,2016 primarily due to ~~new sales,~~business growth, particularly in South Korea and the U.S.~~, partially offset by lower premiums in the U.K.~~ The impact of foreign currency movements ~~was~~also modestly contributed to the favorable results.
The segment’s loss ratio increased for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2016, and unfavorable for the nine months~~ ~~ended~~ ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 compared with the same ~~periods~~period in ~~2015~~.
~~The segment~~ ~~loss ratio~~ ~~was flat for~~2016, primarily due to higher claims in the ~~three months~~U.S. and ~~nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the same periods in 2015, reflecting~~ a change in business mix toward products with higher loss ratios, primarily in South Korea and the U.S. ~~and higher claims in the U.S.~~, partially offset by favorable claims experience in South Korea.

The acquisition cost ratio decreased for the three ~~months and~~ ~~nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 due to lower spending ~~and amortization~~ in certain markets ~~as well as~~and a shift toward higher premium ~~products~~markets with lower acquisition costs, primarily in South Korea and the U.S.
Operating expense ratio. The operating expense ratio (excluding acquisition costs) decreased for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 compared with the same period in ~~2015,~~2016 reflecting ~~operating efficiencies. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the~~strong operating expense ~~ratio was flat~~ ~~compared to the same period in 2015, reflecting operating efficiencies largely offset by strategic business investments, mainly in the U.S. and South Korea.~~management.

Other Items Affecting Global Supplemental Benefits Results

For our Global Supplemental Benefits segment, South Korea is the single largest geographic market. South Korea generated 51% of the segment’s operating revenues and ~~90%~~95% of the segment’s ~~earnings~~adjusted income from operations for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2016.~~March 31, 2017. For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017, our Global Supplemental Benefits segment operations in South Korea represented 4% of our total consolidated operating revenues and ~~13%~~10% of ~~shareholders’ net income.~~consolidated adjusted income from operations.

As a global company, our business is exposed to risks inherent in foreign operations. While we continue to monitor and evaluate the impacts of the U.K. vote to exit the European Union, ~~and~~ the political unrest in Turkey and tensions in the Korean Peninsula, we do not expect these events to materially impact the results of the Global Supplemental Benefits segment in ~~2016~~2017 or ~~2017.~~2018.

Group Disability and Life Segment

As described in the Segment Reporting introduction on page ~~59,~~56, the performance of the Group Disability and Life segment is measured using adjusted income from operations. The key factors affecting adjusted income from operations for this segment are:

·premium growth, including new business and customer retention;
·net investment income;
·benefit expenses as a percentage of premiums (loss ratio); and
·operating expenses as a percentage of premiums and fees and other revenues (expense ratio).
Results of Operations

Group Disability and Life segment financial summary

Three Months Ended

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

Change

FINANCIAL SUMMARY

September 30,

Change

September 30,

Change

(In millions)

2016

2015

Favorable
(Unfavorable)

2016

2015

Favorable
(Unfavorable)

2017

2016

Favorable
(Unfavorable)

Operating revenues

$
1,111

  $
1,064

4
%

$
3,318

  $
3,186

4
%

  $
1,121

   $
1,109

1%

Adjusted income from operations

$
53

  $
84

(37)
%

$
56

  $
241

(77)
%

  $
68

   $
15

N/M

Adjusted margin

4.8%

7.9%

(310)
bps

1.7%

7.6%

(590)
bps

6.1
%
1.4
%
N/M

Loss ratio

80.4%

76.2%

(420)
bps

85.2%

76.8%

(840)
bps

78.2
%
85.4
%
N/M

Expense ratio

22.9%

21.5%

(140)
bps

22.6%

21.6%

(100)
bps

22.7
%
22.4
%
(30)bps

~~During 2016,~~Adjusted income from operations. Results for the Group Disability and Life segment encountered significant unfavorable claims experience in its disability and life businesses that has caused earnings to decline from the prior year. In the third quarter of 2016, claim experience improvedthree months ended March 31, 2017 increased compared with the ~~first half of the year. The following discussion provides further context for this claim experience.~~
~~Disability:~~ ~~As previously reported, we~~ same period in 2016. We implemented modifications to our disability claims management process in the first quarter of 2016 ~~to drive improved quality and consistency. These modifications~~that temporarily extended the claims processing cycle and significantly lowered ~~the disability~~our claim resolution rate. As our modified ~~disability~~ claims management process ~~continued to mature~~has matured in ~~the third quarter of 2016,~~recent periods, we have seen our claim resolution rate ~~significantly improved compared with the first half of 2016. As overall claim metrics continue to~~ improve, ~~management expects~~driving comparably favorable disability ~~margins to continue to increase over the remainder of 2016 and into 2017.~~
~~Unfavorable claim experience~~results. Earnings in the ~~third quarter of 2016,~~period also reflected favorable life claims experience and higher investment income compared with the same period in ~~2015, was driven by higher open claim counts due to the lower claim resolution rates in the first half of 2016 as discussed above.~~
~~Life:~~ We experienced a period of elevated life claims in the second quarter of 2016, driven by substantially higher new claim incidence and sizes, both of which improved in June and throughout the third quarter of 2016. ~~Unfavorable claim experience in the third quarter of 2016, compared with the same period in 2015, reflected higher claim sizes.~~
~~Adjusted income from operations.~~ Results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased compared with the same periods in 2015 due to unfavorable disability and life claims experience as discussed above as well as the impact of reserve reviews and a higher operating expense ratio. Although lower than the same period last year, third quarter 2016 results represent an improvement compared with the first half of 2016 due to improved claims experience in the disability and life businesses.
The annual disability reserve review completed in the third quarter of 2016 had an immaterial impact, compared with a favorable impact of $11 million after-tax for reviews completed in the same period in 2015. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 included the unfavorable after-tax effect of reserve reviews of $18 million, compared to a favorable after-tax impact of $48 million for the same period in 2015.

Operating revenues increased ~~for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016~~ compared with the same ~~periods~~period in ~~2015, reflecting business growth~~2016 due primarily to ~~new sales~~higher investment income driven by higher average assets and ~~strong customer retention.~~higher yields.

The segment’s loss ratio ~~increased for~~decreased ~~the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016~~ compared with the same ~~periods~~period in ~~2015, driven by~~2016 due to improvement in the ~~unfavorable~~disability claim resolution rate as noted above, lower disability new claim incidence and favorable life ~~and disability claims experience and reserve review impacts described above.~~results.

Operating expense ratio. The operating expense ratio increased ~~for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016~~slightly compared with the same ~~periods~~period in ~~2015, primarily reflecting~~2016 due to higher ~~claim management costs.~~selling expenses.

Other Operations

As described in the Segment Reporting introduction on page ~~59,~~56, the performance of the Other Operations segment is measured using adjusted income from operations. Cigna’s corporate-owned life insurance (“COLI”) business contributes the majority of earnings in Other Operations. Other Operations also includes the results from the run-off reinsurance and settlement annuity businesses, as well as the remaining deferred gains recognized from the sale of the individual life insurance and annuity and retirement benefits businesses.

Results of Operations

Other Operations segment financial summary

Three Months Ended

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

Change

FINANCIAL SUMMARY

September 30,

Change

September 30,

Change

(In millions)

2016

2015

Favorable
(Unfavorable)

2016

2015

Favorable
(Unfavorable)

2017

2016

Favorable
(Unfavorable)

Operating revenues

$
115

$
118

(3)
%

$
353

$
366

(4)
%

  $
116

   $
117

(1)%

Adjusted income from operations

$
14

$
17

(18)
%

$
54

$
55

(2)
%

  $
20

   $
20

-%

Adjusted margin

12.2%

14.4%

(220)
bps

15.3%

15.0%

30
bps

17.2
%
17.1
%
10bps

Adjusted income from operations ~~decreased~~was flat for the three months ~~and nine~~ ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 compared with the same ~~periods~~period in ~~2015 primarily due to lower interest margins and, for the three months, less favorable claims experience due to higher mortality in COLI.~~2016.

Operating revenues decreased for the three months ~~and nine months~~ ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 compared with the same ~~periods~~period in ~~2015~~2016 primarily due to lower investment income yields partially offset by lower ~~deferred gain amortization from the sold businesses and, for the nine months, lower experience rated premiums in COLI.~~ceded premiums.
Corporate

Description

Corporate reflects amounts not allocated to operating segments, such as net interest expense (defined as interest on corporate debt less net investment income on investments not supporting segment operations), interest on uncertain tax positions, certain litigation matters, intersegment eliminations, compensation cost for stock options, excess tax benefits on stock compensation, expense associated with our frozen pension plans and certain overhead and project costs.

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

FINANCIAL SUMMARY

September 30,

September 30,

(In millions)

2016

2015

% Change

2016

2015

% Change

Adjusted loss from operations

$
(61)

$
(52)

(17)
%

$
(168)

$
(188)

11
%
Corporate financial summary

Three Months Ended

March 31,

(In millions)

2017

2016

% Change

Adjusted (loss) from operations

  $
(53)

   $
(45)

(18)
%
Corporate’s adjusted loss from operations was higher for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 compared with the same period in ~~2015,~~2016, mainly due to higher operating expenses partially offset by higher investment income. Corporate’s adjusted loss from operations was lower for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the same period in 2015, mainly due to adopting ASU 2016-09 effective January 1, 2016, as further discussed in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and higher net investment ~~income partially offset by higher operating expenses.~~income.

INVESTMENT ASSETS

The following table presents our investment asset portfolio, excluding separate account assets, as of ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 and December 31, ~~2015~~2016. Additional information regarding our investment assets and related accounting policies is included in Notes ~~7, 8,~~ 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

September 30,

December 31,

March 31,

December 31,

(In millions)

2016

2015

2017

2016

Fixed maturities

$
21,244

$
19,455

  $
21,734

  $
20,961

Equity securities

188

190

574

583

Commercial mortgage loans

1,822

1,864

1,752

1,666

Policy loans

1,442

1,419

1,431

1,452

Other long-term investments

1,408

1,404

1,465

1,462

Short-term investments

997

381

303

691

Total

$
27,101

$
24,713

Total investment assets

  $
27,259

  $
26,815

Fixed Maturities

Investments in fixed maturities include publicly traded and privately placed debt securities, mortgage and other asset-backed securities and preferred stocks redeemable by the investor. These investments are classified as available for sale and are carried at fair value on our balance sheet. Additional information regarding valuation methodologies, key inputs and controls is included in Note 79 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. More detailed information about fixed maturities by type of issuer and maturity dates ~~and, for mortgages, by debt service coverage and loan-to-value ratios~~ is included in Note 810 to these Consolidated Financial ~~Statements and Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2015 Form 10-K.~~Statements.

The following table reflects our fixed maturity portfolio by type of issuer as of ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 and December 31, ~~2015:~~2016:

September 30,

December 31,

March 31,

December 31,

(In millions)

2016

2015

2017

2016

Federal government and agency

$
750

$
779

  $
897

  $
877

State and local government

1,508

1,641

1,419

1,435

Foreign government

2,322

2,014

2,312

2,113

Corporate

16,165

14,448

16,627

16,050

Mortgage-backed

36

49

Other asset-backed

463

524

Total

$
21,244

$
19,455

Mortgage and other asset-backed

479

486

Total fixed maturities

  $
21,734

  $
20,961

The fixed maturity portfolio ~~value~~ increased during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2016,~~March 31, 2017, reflecting ~~increased investment~~an increase in ~~fixed maturities and the impact of decreased market yields on market valuations.~~ Although overall asset values are well in excess of amortized cost, there are specific securities with amortized cost in excess of fair value by $49 million in aggregate as of September 30, 2016. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
investable funds. As of ~~September 30, 2016, $18.9~~March 31, 2017, $19.3 billion, or 89%, of the fixed maturities in our investment portfolio were investment grade (Baa and above, or equivalent), and the remaining ~~$2.3~~$2.4 billion were below investment grade. The majority of the bonds that are below investment grade are rated at the higher end of the non-investment grade spectrum. These quality characteristics have not materially changed ~~since December 31, 2015.~~from the prior year and are consistent with our investment strategy.
State and local government. Our investment in state and local government securities, with an average quality rating of Aa2, is diversified by issuer and geography with no single exposure greater than $30 ~~million.~~million as of March 31, 2017. We assess each issuer’s credit quality based on a fundamental analysis of underlying financial information and do not rely solely on statistical rating organizations or monoline insurer guarantees.

Foreign government.We invest in high quality foreign government obligations, with an average quality rating of Aa3 as of ~~September 30, 2016.~~March 31, 2017. These investments are ~~primarily~~ concentrated in Asia, primarily South Korea, consistent with the geographic ~~distribution~~locations of our international business operations. Foreign government obligations also include ~~$236~~$221 million of investments in European sovereign debt, none of which are in countries with significant political or economic concerns such as Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece, Spain and Turkey.

Corporate.As of ~~September 30, 2016,~~March 31, 2017, corporate fixed maturities ~~include private~~included the following:
·               Private placement investments ofwere $5.4 ~~billion that~~billion. These investments are generally less marketable than publicly-traded ~~bonds. However,~~bonds, however yields on these investments tend to be higher than yields on publicly-traded bonds with comparable credit risk. We perform a credit analysis of each issuer, diversify investments by industry and issuer and require financial and other covenants that allow us to monitor issuers for deteriorating financial strength and pursue remedial actions, if warranted. ~~Corporate fixed maturities include $314 million of investments~~
·               Investments in companies that are domiciled or have significant business interests in Italy, Ireland, Spain and ~~Turkey.~~Turkey were $379 million. These investments have an average quality rating of Baa3 and are diversified by industry sector, including approximately 2% invested in financial institutions. ~~Corporate fixed maturities also include investments~~
·               Investments in the energy and natural gas sector ~~of $1.7~~were $1.8 billion with gross unrealized losses of $9$13 million. These investments have an average quality rating of Baa2 and are diversified by issuer with no single exposure greater than $40 million.

~~We have approximately $25 million of aggregate corporate~~·               Retail sector fixed maturity investments ~~in China-based companies.~~ were approximately $450 million as of March 31, 2017 with gross unrealized losses of $5 million. These investments have an average quality rating of Baa1 and are diversified across approximately 50 issuers with no single exposure exceeding $35 million.
In addition to amounts classified in fixed maturities on our Consolidated Balance ~~Sheet,~~Sheets, we operate a joint venture in China in which we have a 50% ownership interest. We account for this joint venture on the equity basis of accounting and report it in other assets, including other intangibles. This entity has an investment portfolio of approximately ~~$3.3~~$3.9 billion that is primarily invested in ~~diversified~~local Chinese corporate and government fixed maturities and has no investments with a material unrealized loss as of ~~September 30, 2016.~~March 31, 2017.

Equity Securities
Approximately $400 million in equity securities are invested in an exchange traded fund (“ETF”) as part of a temporary program to invest available funds in high quality and liquid assets. The underlying assets of the ETF are primarily U.S. investment grade corporate bonds and there is a gross unrealized loss of $4 million as of March 31, 2017 due to an increase in market yields since purchase.
Commercial Mortgage Loans

Our commercial mortgage loans are fixed rate loans, diversified by property type, location and borrower. Loans are secured by high quality commercial properties and are generally made at less than 70% of the property’s value at origination of the loan. Property value, debt service coverage, quality, building tenancy and stability of cash flows are all important financial underwriting considerations. We hold no direct residential mortgage loans and do not originate or service securitized mortgage loans.

We completed the annual in-depth review of our commercial mortgage loan portfolio during the second quarter of 2016. For a discussion of the results of this review and changes in key loan metrics, see Note 810 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Commercial real estate capital markets remain very active for well-leased, quality commercial real estate located in strong institutional investment markets. The vast majority of properties securing the mortgages in our mortgage loan portfolio possess these characteristics. We have $138 million of commercial mortgage loans in the retail sector for various shopping centers in the U.S. Loan to value ratio for these loans was 53%, and the debt service coverage ratio was 1.94. All of these loans are current.

The $1.8 billion commercial mortgage loan portfolio consists of approximately 65 loans, including one impaired loan with a carrying value of ~~$21~~$6 million, net of a $5$3 million reserve, that is classified as a problem loan. We have ~~$140~~$138 million of loans maturing in the next twelve months. Given the quality and diversity of the underlying real estate, positive debt service coverage and significant borrower cash investment ~~or equity value averaging 30%~~generally ranging between 30 and 40%, we remain confident that borrowers will continue to perform as expected under their contract terms.

Other Long-term Investments

Other long-term investments of ~~$1.4~~$1.5 billion primarily include investments in security partnership and real estate funds as well as direct investments in real estate joint ventures. The funds typically invest in mezzanine debt or equity of privately held companies (securities partnerships) and equity real estate. Given our subordinate position in the capital structure of these underlying entities, we assume a higher level of risk for higher expected returns. To mitigate risk, investments are diversified across approximately ~~115~~120 separate partnerships, and approximately 70 general partners who manage one or more of these partnerships. Also, the funds’ underlying investments are diversified by industry sector or property type, and geographic region. No single partnership investment exceeds 4% of our securities and real estate partnership portfolio.
Problem and Potential Problem Investments

“Problem” bonds and commercial mortgage loans are either delinquent by 60 days or more or have been restructured as to terms, including concessions by us to modify the interest rate, principal payment or maturity date. “Potential problem” bonds and commercial mortgage loans are considered current (no payment is more than 59 days past due), but management believes they have certain characteristics that increase the likelihood that they may become problems. The characteristics management considers include, but are not limited to, the following:

·   request from the borrower for restructuring;
·   principal or interest payments past due by more than 30 but fewer than 60 days;
·   downgrade in credit rating;
·   collateral losses on asset-backed securities; and
·   for commercial mortgages, deterioration of debt service coverage below 1.0 or value declines resulting in estimated loan-to-value ratios increasing to 100% or more.

We recognize interest income on problem bonds and commercial mortgage loans only when payment is actually ~~received because of the risk profile of the underlying investment.~~received. The amount that would have been reflected in net income if interest on non-accrual investments had been recognized in accordance with the original terms was not significant for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 or ~~2015.~~2016.

The following table shows problem and potential problem investments at amortized cost, net of valuation reserves and write-downs:

September 30, 2016
December 31, 2015

March 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

(In millions)
Gross
Reserve
Net
Gross
Reserve
Net

Gross

Reserve

Net

Gross

Reserve

Net

Problem bonds
$
28
$
(18)
$
10
$
3
$
(1)
$
2

  $
55

$
(10)

$
45

$
70

$
(9)

$
61

Problem commercial mortgage loans
26
(5)
21
90
(11)
79

9

(3)

6

26

(5)

21

Foreclosed real estate

51

-

51

-

-

-

48

-

48

49

-

49

Total problem investments
$
105
$
(23)
$
82
$
93
$
(12)
$
81

  $
112

$
(13)

$
99

$
145

$
(14)

$
131

Potential problem bonds
$
57
$
(16)
$
41
$
55
$
(23)
$
32

  $
15

$
(8)

$
7

$
12

$
(7)

$
5

Potential problem commercial mortgage loans
-
-
64
(4)
60

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total potential problem investments
$
57
$
(16)
$
41
$
119
$
(27)
$
92

  $
15

$
(8)

$
7

$
12

$
(7)

$
5

~~The increase in foreclosed real estate during 2016 reflects foreclosing on a commercial mortgage loan classified as a~~Problem and potential problem ~~loan as of~~investments decreased by $30 million from December 31, ~~2015. The decrease in potential~~2016 due primarily to payoffs and paydowns of problem bonds and mortgage loans ~~in 2016 was due to full payoff of one loan~~ and ~~partial payoff and subsequent reclassification to good standing of another loan due to improved loan metrics.~~new impairments on problem bonds.
Investment Outlook

~~Global~~Although financial markets ~~have exhibited continued volatility~~in the United States remained stable during the first nine months of 2016 reflecting global economic and political uncertainty, led by concerns about the United Kingdom’s decision to exit the European Union and China’s decelerating economic growth, as well as the negative and potentially destabilizing impacts from cyclically low energy prices. The near-term impact of these events has not materially impacted our financial condition or liquidity; however,quarter, we continue to closely monitor global macroeconomic trends and the potential impact to our investment portfolio. Recently, the retail sector of the U.S. economy has shown some weakness and that trend is expected to continue. See the fixed maturities and commercial mortgage loan sections for further information on our investments in that sector. Future realized and unrealized investment results will be driven largely by market conditions that exist when a transaction occurs or at the reporting date. These future conditions are not reasonably predictable; however, we believe that the vast majority of our investments will continue to perform under their contractual terms. Based on our strategy to match the duration of invested assets to the duration of insurance and contractholder liabilities, we expect to hold a significant portion of these assets for the long term. Although future impairment losses resulting from interest rate movements and credit deterioration due to both company-specific and the global economic uncertainties discussed above remain possible, we do not expect these losses to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or liquidity.
MARKET RISK

Financial Instruments

Our assets and liabilities include financial instruments subject to the risk of potential losses from adverse changes in market rates and prices. Our primary market risk exposures are ~~interest-rate~~interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange rate risk. Certain financial instruments, such as insurance-related assets and liabilities, are excluded from these hypothetical calculations. We encourage you to read this in conjunction with “Market Risk —– Financial Instruments” included in Part II, Item 7 of our ~~2015~~2016 Form 10-K.
~~The loss~~ As of March 31, 2017, there are no material changes in ~~fair value of a hypothetical 100 basis point increase~~our risk exposures from that reported in interest rates for certain financial instruments increased from approximately $865 million at December 31, 2015 to approximately $925 million at September 30, 2016. The increased interest rate sensitivity results primarily from increased asset purchases and valuation increases of our ~~fixed maturities and long-term debt resulting from lower market yields during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.~~
Our foreign operations hold investment assets, such as fixed maturities, cash, and cash equivalents, that are generally invested in the currency of the related liabilities. Due to an increase in the amount of these investments during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 that are primarily denominated in the South Korean won, the loss in fair value of a hypothetical 10% strengthening in the U.S. dollar to foreign currencies increased from approximately $340 million at December 31, 2015 to approximately $425 million at September 30, 2016.Form 10-K.
Item 3.                                QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Information responsive to this item is contained under the caption “Market Risk” in Item 2 above, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Item 4.                                CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Based on an evaluation of the effectiveness of Cigna’s disclosure controls and procedures conducted under the supervision and with the participation of Cigna’s management, Cigna’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, Cigna’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by Cigna in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to Cigna’s management, including Cigna’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

During the period covered by this report, there have been no changes in Cigna’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Cigna’s internal control over financial reporting.

Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.                                LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The information contained under “Litigation Matters”, “Regulatory Matters” and “Other Legal Matters” in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 1A.           RISK FACTORS

Cigna’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016 includes a detailed description of its risk factors.
Item 2.                                UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

(c) Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

The following table provides information about Cigna’s share repurchase activity for the quarter ended ~~September 30, 2016:~~March 31, 2017:

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period
Total # of
shares
purchased (1)

Average
price paid
per share

Total # of shares purchased as part
of publicly announced program (2)

Approximate dollar value of shares
that may yet be purchased as part of
publicly announced program (3)

July 1-31, 2016
310

$     128.89

-

$                725,000,122

August 1-31, 2016
1,151

$     129.08

-

$                725,000,122

September 1-30, 2016
260

$     128.48

-

$                725,000,122

Total
1,721

$     128.96

-

N/A

Period
Total # of
shares
purchased (1)

Average
price paid
per share

Total # of shares purchased as
part of publicly announced
program (2)

Approximate dollar value of
shares that may yet be
purchased as part of publicly
announced program (3)

January 1-31, 2017
333

$     134.72

-

$                725,000,122

February 1-28, 2017
1,281,243

$     147.15

999,855

$             3,611,474,335

March 1-31, 2017
718,453

$     150.79

680,900

$             3,508,792,842

Total
2,000,029

$     148.46

1,680,755

N/A

(1)Includes shares tendered by employees as payment of taxes withheld on the vesting of restricted stock and strategic performance shares granted under the Company’s equity compensation plans. Employees tendered ~~310~~333 shares in ~~July, 1,151~~January, 281,388 shares in ~~August~~February and ~~260~~37,553 shares in ~~September 2016.~~March 2017.

(2)~~Cigna has had~~ Additionally, the Company maintains a share repurchase program, ~~for many years, and has had varying levels~~authorized by the Board of ~~repurchase authority and activity under this program. The program has no expiration date. Cigna suspends activity under~~Directors. Under this program, the Company may repurchase shares from time to time, depending on market conditions and ~~also removes such suspensions, generally without public announcement. Remaining~~alternate uses of capital. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including price, general business and market conditions and alternate uses of capital. The share repurchase program may be effected through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including through Rule 10b5-1 trading plans. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. From April 1, 2017 through May 4, 2017, the Company repurchased 0.6 million shares for approximately $90 million. In February 2017, the Board increased repurchase authority to $3.7 billion. The remaining share repurchase authorization under the program was ~~approximately $725 million~~$3.4 billion as of ~~November 3, 2016.~~May 4, 2017, and the Company is limited to a repurchase pace of $250 million per quarter, consistent with the merger agreement.

(3)Approximate dollar value of shares is as of the last date of the applicable month.

Item 4.                                MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.
Item 6.                                EXHIBITS

(a)                        See Exhibit Index
SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Cigna Corporation

Date:
~~November 3, 2016~~May 5, 2017
By:
/s/ Thomas A. McCarthy

Thomas A. McCarthy

Executive Vice President
Chief Financial Officer

(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)
INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Number

Description

Method of Filing

3.1

Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant as last amended October 28, 2011

Filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
3.2

By-Laws of the registrant as last amended and restated December 6, 2012

Filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
~~10.1~~10.1*

~~Agreement~~Cigna Long-Term Incentive Plan as amended and ~~Release between the Company and Herbert A. Fritch dated October 20, 2016~~restated effective as of April 26, 2017

Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Form 8-K filed ~~on October 21, 2016~~May 1, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference.
~~10.2~~10.2*

~~Advisory Services~~Form of Cigna Long-Term Incentive Plan: Strategic Performance Share Grant Agreement ~~between the Company and Herbert A. Fritch dated October 20, 2016~~

Filed herewith.
10.3*
Form of Cigna Long-Term Incentive Plan: Nonqualified Stock Option Grant Agreement
Filed herewith.
10.4*
Form of Cigna Long-Term Incentive Plan: Restricted Stock Grant Agreement
Filed herewith.
10.5*
Cigna Stock Unit Plan as ~~Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s~~ amended and restated effective February 22, 2017
Filed herewith.
10.6*
Form ~~8-K filed on October 21, 2016~~of Cigna Stock Unit Plan: Restricted Stock Unit Grant Agreement
Filed herewith.
12

Computation of Ratios of Earnings to Fixed Charges

Filed herewith.
31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Cigna Corporation pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Filed herewith.
31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Cigna Corporation pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Filed herewith.
32.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Cigna Corporation pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

Furnished herewith.
32.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Cigna Corporation pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

Furnished herewith.
101

Financial statements from the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cigna Corporation for the quarter ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Total Equity; (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow; and (vi) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Filed herewith.

*Management contracts and compensatory plans or arrangements.

Shareholders may obtain copies of exhibits by writing to Cigna Corporation, Shareholder Services Department, 1601 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19192.

E-1

Delaware		06-1059331
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
900 Cottage Grove Road Bloomfield, Connecticut		06002
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)
(860) 226-6000
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code
(860) 226-6741
Registrant’s facsimile number, including area code
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark				YES	NO
· whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.				R	o
· whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).				R	o
· whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated ~~filer”,~~filer,” “accelerated ~~filer”~~filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and ~~“smaller reporting~~“emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer R	Accelerated filer o	Non-accelerated filer o	Smaller Reporting Company o	Emerging growth company o
·If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
· whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).				o	R


PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	Page

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Consolidated Statements of Income	1
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	2
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Total Equity	4
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	65
	Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	76
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	45
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	6865
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	6965


PART II	OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	7066
Item ~~1. A.~~1.A.	Risk Factors	7167
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	7268
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	7268
Item 6.	Exhibits	7369
SIGNATURE		7470
INDEX TO EXHIBITS		E-1

									Unaudited
									Three Months Ended
	Unaudited Three Months Ended September 30,				Unaudited Nine Months Ended September 30,				March 31,
(In millions, except per share amounts)	2016		2015		2016		2015		2017		2016
Revenues
Premiums	$	7,605	$	7,347	$	23,005	$	22,181	$	8,103	$	7,746
Fees and other revenues	1,156		1,104		3,554		3,359		1,223		1,201
Net investment income	282		285		848		858		303		272
Mail order pharmacy revenues	762		643		2,207		1,846		710		697
Realized investment gains (losses):
Other than temporary impairments on debt securities	(1)		(58)		(31)		(73)
Other realized investment gains, net	76		68		141		177
Net realized investment gains	75		10		110		104
Total revenues	9,880		9,389		29,724		28,348

Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturities									(7)		(27)
Other realized investment gains (losses), net									53		(5)
Net realized investment gains (losses)									46		(32)
TOTAL REVENUES									10,385		9,884
Benefits and Expenses
Global Health Care medical costs	4,692		4,539		14,230		13,720		4,985		4,761
Other benefit expenses	1,343		1,230		4,125		3,698		1,367		1,368
Mail order pharmacy costs	638		532		1,842		1,553		581		574
Other operating expenses	2,428		2,171		7,038		6,587		2,530		2,321
Amortization of other acquired intangible assets, net	37		39		115		122		32		41
Total benefits and expenses	9,138		8,511		27,350		25,680
TOTAL BENEFITS AND EXPENSES									9,495		9,065
Income before Income Taxes	742		878		2,374		2,668		890		819
Income taxes:
Current	210		282		842		965		286		294
Deferred	80		52		63		44		11		11
Total income taxes	290		334		905		1,009
TOTAL INCOME TAXES									297		305
Net Income	452		544		1,469		1,659		593		514
Less: Net (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests	(4)		(3)		(16)		(9)		(5)		(5)
Shareholders’ Net Income	$	456	$	547	$	1,485	$	1,668
SHAREHOLDERS’ NET INCOME									$	598	$	519
Shareholders’ Net Income Per Share:
Basic	$	1.78	$	2.14	$	5.82	$	6.51	$	2.34	$	2.04
Diluted	$	1.76	$	2.10	$	5.72	$	6.40	$	2.30	$	2.00
Dividends Declared Per Share	$	-	$	-	$	0.04	$	0.04	$	0.04	$	0.04

Line of Business	Reinsurer(s)	September 30, 2016		December 31, 2015		Collateral and Other Terms at September 30, 2016

GMDB	Berkshire	$	1,089	$	1,123	100% secured by assets in a trust.

	Other	43		41		99% secured by assets in a trust or letter of credit.

Individual Life and Annuity (sold in 1998)	Lincoln National Life and Lincoln Life & Annuity of New York	3,612		3,705		Both companies’ ratings are sufficient to avoid triggering a contractual obligation to fully secure the outstanding balance.

Retirement Benefits Business (sold in 2004)	Prudential Retirement Insurance and Annuity	944		995		100% secured by assets in a trust.

Supplemental Benefits Business (2012 acquisition)	Great American Life	301		315		100% secured by assets in a trust.

Global Health Care, Global Supplemental Benefits, Group Disability and Life	Various	475		553		Recoverables arising in the ordinary course of business from approximately 80 reinsurers including the U.S. Government. Excluding the recoverable from the U.S. Government of approximately $58 million, current balances range from less than $1 million up to $96 million, with 19% secured by assets in trusts or letters of credit.

Other run-off reinsurance	Various	75		81		99% secured by assets in trusts.


Total reinsurance recoverables		$	6,539	$	6,813

Fair Value Hedge of Long-Term Corporate Debt	Notional Value (in millions)
~~The Company entered into interest~~Type of instrument. Interest rate swap contracts to	March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
	$	750	$	750

Purpose. To convert a portion of the interest rate exposure on ~~its~~the Company’s long-term debt from fixed to variable ~~rates to~~rates. This more closely ~~align~~aligns the Company’s interest expense with the interest income received on its cash equivalent and short-term investment balances. The variable rates are benchmarked to LIBOR.

Terms of derivative instruments. The Company provides upfront margin and settles fair value changes and net interest between variable and fixed rates daily with a central clearinghouse.

Accounting.Using fair value hedge accounting, the fair values of the swap contracts are reported in other assets, including other intangibles, or accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities. ~~As the~~The critical terms of these swaps match those of the long-term debt being ~~hedged,~~hedged. As a result, the carrying value of the hedged debt is adjusted to reflect changes in its fair value driven by LIBOR. The effects of those adjustments on other operating expenses are offset by the effects of corresponding changes in the swaps’ fair ~~value, including~~value. The net impact from the hedge reported in other operating expenses reflects interest expense ~~for~~on the ~~difference between~~hedged debt at the variable ~~and fixed~~ interest ~~rates.~~rate. Under the terms of these contracts, the Company provides upfront margin and settles fair value changes and net interest between variable and fixed interest rates daily with a central clearinghouse. Net interest cash flows are reported in operating activities. ~~The notional values of these derivative instruments were $750 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.~~ The effects of these derivative instruments on the Consolidated Financial Statements were not material as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. ~~GMIB~~ The Company’s run-off reinsurance business has written reinsurance contracts with issuers of variable annuities that provide annuitants with certain guarantees of minimum income benefits resulting from the level of variable annuity account values compared with a contractually guaranteed amount (“GMIB liabilities”). According to the contractual terms of the written reinsurance contracts, payment by the Company depends on the actual account value in the underlying mutual funds and the level of interest rates when the contractholders elect to receive minimum income payments. The Company has purchased retrocessional coverage (“GMIB assets”) for these contracts, including the agreement with Berkshire in 2013, effectively exiting this business. See Note 6 for further details. The fair value effects of GMIB contracts on the financial statements are included in Note 7 and their volume of activity is included in Note 16. Cash flows on these contracts are reported in operating activities. ~~Note 10~~

Cash Flow Hedges of Fixed Maturity Bonds	Notional Value (in millions)
Type of instrument. Foreign currency swap contracts	March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
	$	31	$	55

Purpose. To hedge the foreign currency cash flows of its fixed maturity bonds to match associated insurance liabilities.

Terms of derivative instruments. The Company periodically exchanges cash flows between two currencies for both principal and interest. Foreign currency swaps are Canadian dollars and Japanese yen and have terms for periods of up to four years.

Accounting. Using cash flow hedge accounting, fair values are reported in other long-term investments or accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities. Changes in fair values are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income and amortized into net investment income or other realized investment gains and losses as interest or principal payments are received.

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
FINANCIAL SUMMARY	September 30,						September 30,
(In millions)	2016		2015		% Change		2016		2015		% Change
Premiums	$	7,605	$	7,347	4	%	$	23,005	$	22,181	4	%
Fees and other revenues	1,156		1,104		5		3,554		3,359		6
Net investment income	282		285		(1)		848		858		(1)
Mail order pharmacy revenues	762		643		19		2,207		1,846		20
Consolidated operating revenues	9,805		9,379		5		29,614		28,244		5
Net realized investment gains	75		10		N/M		110		104		6
Total revenues	9,880		9,389		5		29,724		28,348		5
Global Health Care medical costs	4,692		4,539		3		14,230		13,720		4
Other benefit expenses	1,343		1,230		9		4,125		3,698		12
Mail order pharmacy costs	638		532		20		1,842		1,553		19
Operating expenses	2,428		2,171		12		7,038		6,587		7
Amortization of other acquired intangible assets, net	37		39		(5)		115		122		(6)
Total benefits and expenses	9,138		8,511		7		27,350		25,680		7
Income before taxes	742		878		(15)		2,374		2,668		(11)
Income taxes	290		334		(13)		905		1,009		(10)
Net income	452		544		(17)		1,469		1,659		(11)
Less: net (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(4)		(3)		(33)		(16)		(9)		(78)
Shareholders’ net income	$	456	$	547	(17)	%	$	1,485	$	1,668	(11)	%

A reconciliation of shareholders’ net income to adjusted income from operations follows:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				Change		September 30,				Change
FINANCIAL SUMMARY (In millions)	2016		2015		Favorable (Unfavorable)		2016		2015		Favorable (Unfavorable)
Shareholders’ net income	$	456	$	547	(17)	%	$	1,485	$	1,668	(11)	%
After-tax adjustments required to reconcile to adjusted income from operations:
Net realized investment (gains)	(48)		(7)				(71)		(68)
Amortization of other acquired intangible assets, net	24		24				72		76
Special items:
Charges associated with litigation matters	25		-				25		-
Debt extinguishment costs	-		-				-		65
Merger-related transaction costs	46		29				108		29
Total special items	71		29				133		94
Adjusted income from operations	$	503	$	593	(15)	%	$	1,619	$	1,770	(9)	%

Other Key Consolidated Financial Data
Earnings per share (diluted):
Shareholders’ net income	$	1.76	$	2.10	(16)	%	$	5.72	$	6.40	(11)	%
After-tax adjustments required to reconcile to adjusted income from operations:
Net realized investment (gains)	(0.19)		(0.02)				(0.27)		(0.26)
Amortization of other acquired intangible assets, net	0.09		0.09				0.28		0.29
Special items:
Charges associated with litigation matters	0.10		-				0.10		-
Debt extinguishment costs	-		-				-		0.25
Merger-related transaction costs	0.18		0.11				0.41		0.11
Adjusted income from operations	$	1.94	$	2.28	(15)	%	$	6.24	$	6.79	(8)	%
Global medical customers (in thousands)							15,177		14,849		2	%
Effective tax rate	39.1%		38.0%		(110)	bps	38.1%		37.8%		(30)	bps

			Less than 1		1-3		4-5		After 5
(In millions, on an undiscounted basis)	Total		year		years		years		years
Off-Balance Sheet
Purchase obligations	$	1,258	$	381	$	596	$	182	$	99

Global Health Care segment financial summary																				Three Months Ended March 31,						Change
		Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended																Favorable
FINANCIAL SUMMARY		September 30,						Change		September 30,								Change
(In millions)		2016			2015			Favorable (Unfavorable)		2016				2015				Favorable (Unfavorable)		2017			2016			(Unfavorable)
Operating revenues		$	7,713		$	7,408		4	%	$		23,437		$		22,361		5	%	$	8,198		$	7,884		4	%
Adjusted income from operations		$	416		$	482		(14)	%	$		1,446		$		1,454		(1)	%	$	610		$	544		12	%
Adjusted margin		5.4		%	6.5		%	(110)bps		6.2			%	6.5			%	(30)bps		7.4		%	6.9		%	50bps
Medical Care Ratios:
Commercial		79.4		%	79.3		%	(10)bps		78.0			%	77.3			%	(70)bps		77.6		%	75.8		%	(180)bps
Government		85.3		%	83.6		%	(170)bps		85.9			%	85.9			%	-bps		85.9		%	86.2		%	30bps
Consolidated Global Health Care		81.6		%	81.0		%	(60)bps		81.1			%	80.7			%	(40)bps		80.3		%	80.0		%	(30)bps
Operating expense ratio		22.1		%	20.8		%	(130)bps		21.3			%	21.0			%	(30)bps		20.5		%	21.0		%	50bps

										As of September 30,										As of March 31,
(In thousands)	(In thousands)									2016				2015				% Change		2017			2016			% Change
Customers:	Customers:
Total commercial risk	Total commercial risk									2,541				2,492				2	%	2,927			2,510			17	%
Total government	Total government									583				558				4		502			615			(18)
Total risk	Total risk									3,124				3,050				2		3,429			3,125			10
Service	Service									12,053				11,799				2		12,305			12,004			3
Total medical customers	Total medical customers									15,177				14,849				2	%	15,734			15,129			4	%

										As of										As of
(In millions)	(In millions)									September 30, 2016				December 31, 2015				% Change		March 31, 2017			December 31, 2016			% Change
Global Health Care medical costs payable	Global Health Care medical costs payable									$	2,550			$	2,355			8	%	$	2,770		$	2,532		9	%

Global Supplemental Benefits segment financial summary															Three Months Ended
	Three Months Ended							Nine Months Ended							March 31,						Change
FINANCIAL SUMMARY	September 30,						Change	September 30,						Change
(In millions)	2016			2015			Favorable (Unfavorable)	2016			2015			Favorable (Unfavorable)	2017			2016			Favorable (Unfavorable)
Operating revenues	$	866		$	793		9%	$	2,507		$	2,344		7%	$	909		$	806		13	%
Adjusted income from operations	$	81		$	62		31%	$	231		$	208		11%	$	74		$	67		10	%
Operating revenues, using 2016 currency exchange rates	$	866		$	804		8%	$	2,507		$	2,273		10%
Adjusted income from operations, using 2016 currency exchange rates	$	81		$	65		25%	$	231		$	200		16%
Operating revenues, using 2017 currency exchange rates															$	909		$	818		11	%
Adjusted income from operations, using 2017 currency exchange rates															$	74		$	69		7	%
Adjusted margin	9.4		%	7.8		%	160bps	9.2		%	8.9		%	30bps	8.1		%	8.3		%	(20)bps
Loss ratio	54.7		%	54.6		%	(10)bps	55.4		%	55.3		%	(10)bps	58.4		%	56.2		%	(220)bps
Acquisition cost ratio	18.2		%	20.2		%	200bps	18.3		%	19.1		%	80bps	17.2		%	18.4		%	120bps
Expense ratio (excluding acquisition costs)	17.3		%	18.4		%	110bps	17.6		%	17.7		%	10bps	17.2		%	18.2		%	100bps

Group Disability and Life segment financial summary													Three Months Ended
	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended						March 31,						Change
FINANCIAL SUMMARY	September 30,				Change		September 30,				Change
(In millions)	2016		2015		Favorable (Unfavorable)		2016		2015		Favorable (Unfavorable)		2017			2016			Favorable (Unfavorable)
Operating revenues	$	1,111	$	1,064	4	%	$	3,318	$	3,186	4	%	$	1,121		$	1,109		1%
Adjusted income from operations	$	53	$	84	(37)	%	$	56	$	241	(77)	%	$	68		$	15		N/M
Adjusted margin	4.8%		7.9%		(310)	bps	1.7%		7.6%		(590)	bps	6.1		%	1.4		%	N/M
Loss ratio	80.4%		76.2%		(420)	bps	85.2%		76.8%		(840)	bps	78.2		%	85.4		%	N/M
Expense ratio	22.9%		21.5%		(140)	bps	22.6%		21.6%		(100)	bps	22.7		%	22.4		%	(30)bps

Other Operations segment financial summary													Three Months Ended
	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended						March 31,						Change
FINANCIAL SUMMARY	September 30,				Change		September 30,				Change
(In millions)	2016		2015		Favorable (Unfavorable)		2016		2015		Favorable (Unfavorable)		2017			2016			Favorable (Unfavorable)
Operating revenues	$	115	$	118	(3)	%	$	353	$	366	(4)	%	$	116		$	117		(1)%
Adjusted income from operations	$	14	$	17	(18)	%	$	54	$	55	(2)	%	$	20		$	20		-%
Adjusted margin	12.2%		14.4%		(220)	bps	15.3%		15.0%		30	bps	17.2		%	17.1		%	10bps

Corporate financial summary	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(In millions)	2017		2016		% Change
Adjusted (loss) from operations	$	(53)	$	(45)	(18)	%

Period	Total # of shares purchased (1)	Average price paid per share	Total # of shares purchased as part of publicly announced program (2)	Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased as part of publicly announced program (3)
July 1-31, 2016	310	$ 128.89	-	$ 725,000,122
August 1-31, 2016	1,151	$ 129.08	-	$ 725,000,122
September 1-30, 2016	260	$ 128.48	-	$ 725,000,122
Total	1,721	$ 128.96	-	N/A

Cigna Corporation

Date:	~~November 3, 2016~~May 5, 2017
By:	/s/ Thomas A. McCarthy

	Thomas A. McCarthy
	Executive Vice President Chief Financial Officer
	(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)

Number	Description	Method of Filing

3.1	Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant as last amended October 28, 2011	Filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
3.2	By-Laws of the registrant as last amended and restated December 6, 2012	Filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
~~10.1~~10.1*	~~Agreement~~Cigna Long-Term Incentive Plan as amended and ~~Release between the Company and Herbert A. Fritch dated October 20, 2016~~restated effective as of April 26, 2017	Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Form 8-K filed ~~on October 21, 2016~~May 1, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference.
~~10.2~~10.2*	~~Advisory Services~~Form of Cigna Long-Term Incentive Plan: Strategic Performance Share Grant Agreement ~~between the Company and Herbert A. Fritch dated October 20, 2016~~	Filed herewith.
10.3*	Form of Cigna Long-Term Incentive Plan: Nonqualified Stock Option Grant Agreement	Filed herewith.
10.4*	Form of Cigna Long-Term Incentive Plan: Restricted Stock Grant Agreement	Filed herewith.
10.5*	Cigna Stock Unit Plan as ~~Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s~~ amended and restated effective February 22, 2017	Filed herewith.
10.6*	Form ~~8-K filed on October 21, 2016~~of Cigna Stock Unit Plan: Restricted Stock Unit Grant Agreement	Filed herewith.
12	Computation of Ratios of Earnings to Fixed Charges	Filed herewith.
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Cigna Corporation pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934	Filed herewith.
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Cigna Corporation pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934	Filed herewith.
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Cigna Corporation pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350	Furnished herewith.
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Cigna Corporation pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350	Furnished herewith.
101	Financial statements from the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cigna Corporation for the quarter ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2017 formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Total Equity; (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow; and (vi) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	Filed herewith.