UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021

Or

For the transition period from ________ to _________

Commission file number: 000-33123

China Automotive Systems, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

No. 1 Henglong Road, Yu Qiao Development Zone, Shashi District

Jing Zhou City, Hubei Province, the People’s Republic of China

(Address of principal executive offices)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes           x          No           ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes           x           No          ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes           ¨           No           x

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

As of NovemberMay 12, 2020,2021, the Company had 30,851,776 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

CHINA AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS, INC.

INDEX

Cautionary Statement

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements relate to future events or the Company’s future financial performance. The Company has attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology including “anticipates,” “believes,” “expects,” “can,” “continues,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “should” or “will” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Such statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including the matters set forth in this Quarterly Report or other reports or documents the Company files with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time, which could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those projected. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, the Company cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Undue reliance should not be placed on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. The Company’s expectations are as of the date this Form 10-Q is filed, and the Company does not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is filed to conform these statements to actual results, unless required by law. All of the forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to the factors discussed under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019,2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

China Automotive Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income

(In thousands of USD, except share and per share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements.

China Automotive Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands of USD unless otherwise indicated)

Notes to Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

China Automotive Systems, Inc., “China Automotive,” was incorporated in the State of Delaware on June 29, 1999 under the name Visions-In-Glass, Inc. China Automotive, including, when the context so requires, its subsidiaries described below, is referred to herein as the “Company.” The Company is primarily engaged in the manufacture and sale of automotive systems and components, as described below.

Great Genesis Holdings Limited, a company incorporated in Hong Kong on January 3, 2003 under the Companies Ordinance in Hong Kong as a limited liability company, “Genesis,” is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

Henglong USA Corporation, “HLUSA,” incorporated on January 8, 2007 in Troy, Michigan, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and mainly engages in marketing of automotive parts in North America, and provides after-sales service and research and development support accordingly.

The Company owns the following aggregate net interests in the following subsidiaries organized in the People's Republic of China, the “PRC,” and Brazil as of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019.2020.

Basis of Presentation - The accompanying condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. The details of subsidiaries are disclosed in Note 1. Significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. The condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions in Regulation S-X. Accordingly they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by such accounting principles for complete financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.2020.

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited, but in the opinion of the Company’s management, contain all necessary adjustments, which include normal recurring adjustments, for a fair statement of the results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the interim periods presented.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 20192020 is derived from the Company’s audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

The results of operations for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2020.2021.

Estimation - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Foreign Currencies - China Automotive, the parent company, and HLUSA maintain their books and records in United States Dollars, “USD,” their functional currency. The Company’s subsidiaries based in the PRC and Genesis maintain their books and records in Renminbi, “RMB,” their functional currency. The Company’s subsidiary based in Brazil maintains its books and records in Brazilian reais,real, “BRL,” its functional currency. In accordance with ASCFinancial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 830, “FASB Accounting Standards Codification”, foreign currency transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are remeasured into the functional currency at the rate of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date for monetary items. Nonmonetary items are remeasured at historical rates. Income and expenses are remeasured at the rate in effect on the transaction dates. Transaction gains and losses, if any, are included in the determination of net income for the period. 

On January 1, 2020,No accounting standards newly issued during the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13 ASC (Topic 326), Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. The ASU introducesthree months ended March 31, 2021, had a new accounting model, the Current Expected Credit Losses model (CECL), which requires earlier recognition of credit losses and additional disclosures related to credit risk. The CECL model utilizes a lifetime expected credit loss measurement objective for the recognition of credit losses at the time the financial asset is originated or acquired. The Company adopted the CECL model to recognize credit losses of financial assets using a modified retrospective method of accounting as of January 1, 2020. Thematerial impact of adopting the new standard on the consolidatedCompany’s financial statements was a reduction of $0.8 million to beginning retained earnings.or disclosures.

The Company’s accounts and notes receivable, net as of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 are summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

Notes receivable represent accounts receivable in the form of bills of exchange for which acceptances are guaranteed and settlements are handled by banks.

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company pledged its notes receivable in amounts of $10.1 million and $9.7 million, respectively, as collateral for the government loans (See Note 7).

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company pledged its accounts and notes receivable in amounts of $1.9 million and $7.4 million, respectively, as collateral for banks to endorse the payment of the Company’s notes payable to the noteholder upon maturity.

Provision for doubtful accounts and notes receivable reversed in the consolidated statements of operations amounted to $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Provision for doubtful accounts and notes receivable reversed in the consolidated statements of operations amounted to $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Provision for doubtful accounts and notes receivable recognized in the consolidated statements of operations amounted to $0.002 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019.  

Provision for doubtful accounts and notes receivable recognized in the consolidated statements of operations amounted to $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.  

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company’s five largest customers accounted for 53.0% of its consolidated net product sales, with one customer accounting for more than 10% of consolidated net sales, i.e., 27.3%. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company’s five largest customers accounted for 47.8% of its consolidated net product sales, with one customer accounting for more than 10% of consolidated net sales, i.e., 23.5%. As of September 30, 2020, approximately 10.5% of accounts receivable were from trade transactions with the aforementioned customer.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company’s five largest customers accounted for 55.8% of its consolidated net product sales, with two customers individually accounting for more than 10% of consolidated net sales, i.e., 29.7% and 11.5%. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company’s five largest customers accounted for 48.3% of its consolidated net product sales, with two customers individually accounting for more than 10% of consolidated net sales, i.e., 23.2% and 10.1%. As of September 30, 2019, approximately 5.6% and 5.7%

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company pledged its notes receivable in amounts of $8.1 million and $8.2 million, respectively, as collateral in favor of the local government for the government loans; and pledged its notes receivable in amounts of $6.3 million and $5.5 million, respectively, as collateral for banks to endorse the payment of the Company’s notes payable to the noteholders upon maturity (See Note 7).
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable reversed in the consolidated statements of operations amounted to $0.2 million and $0.02 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.
During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company’s five largest customers accounted for 43.3% of its consolidated net product sales, with one customer individually accounting for more than 10% of consolidated net sales, i.e., 16.5%. As of March 31, 2021, approximately 8.1% of accounts receivable were from trade transactions with the aforementioned customers and there was no individual customer with a receivables balance of more than 10% of total accounts receivable.   During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company’s five largest customers accounted for 53.7% of its consolidated net product sales, with one customer individually accounting for more than 10% of consolidated net sales, i.e., 33.7%. As of March 31, 2020, approximately 8.8% of accounts receivable were from trade transactions with the aforementioned customers and there was no individual customer with a receivables balance of more than 10% of total accounts receivable.

The Company’s inventories as of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 consisted of the following (figures are in thousands of USD):

The Company recorded $0.9$1.0 million and $0.9$0.8 million of inventory write-down to cost of productsproduct sold for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively, and $2.3 million and $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company’s long-term investments at September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020, are summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

The Company’s property, plant and equipment, net as of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 are summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

Loans consist of the following as of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 (figures are in thousands of USD):

The Company must use the loans for the purpose as prescribed in the loan contracts. If the Company fails to do so, it will be charged penalty interest and/or trigger early repayment. The Company complied with such financial covenants as of September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021.

The Company’s accounts and notes payable as of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 are summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

The Company’s accrued expenses and other payables as of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 are summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

For the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, the warranties activities were as follows (figures are in thousands of USD): 

On January 31, 2018, the Company entered into an equipment sales agreement with a third party (the “buyer-lessor”) and simultaneously entered into a four-year contract to lease back the equipment from the buyer-lessor. The carrying value of the equipment was RMB 91.3 million (equivalent to $13.4$13.9 million as of September 30, 2020)March 31, 2021) and the sales price was RMB 100.0 million (equivalent to $14.7$15.2 million as of September 30, 2020)March 31, 2021). Pursuant to the terms of the contract, the Company is required to pay to the buyer-lessor lease payments over 4four (4) years with a quarterly lease payment of approximately $1.1$1.0 million and is entitled to obtain the ownership of this equipment at a nominal price upon the expiration of the lease. The Company is of the view that the transaction does not qualify as a sale. Therefore, the transaction was accounted for as a financing transaction by the Company. As of September 30, 2020, $3.9March 31, 2021, $4.2 million was recognized as other payable (See Note 9) and $2.1$0.04 million was recognized as other long-term payable to the buyer-lessor according to the contract term.

In September 2020, one of the Company’s subsidiaries issued shares to Hubei Venture Fund amounting to $0.7 million. The shares shallwill be transferred to the Company and the other shareholder of the subsidiary on a pro rata basis at the holder’s option if the subsidiary fails to complete a qualified IPO in a pre-agreed period of time after their issuance with a transfer price of par plus 6% per year. $0.5 million of the shares are subject to purchase by the Company and are therefore accounted for as redeemable non-controlling interests in mezzanine equity and are accreted to the redemption value over the period starting from the issuance date.

For the three months ended September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, the Company recognized accretion of $0.003$0.007 million to the redemption value of the shares over the period starting from the issuance date with a corresponding reduction to retained earnings.

The Company’s positions in respect of the amounts of additional paid-in capital for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, are summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

The Company’s stock option plan was approved at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on June 28, 2005, and extended to June 27, 2025 at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on September 16, 2014. The maximum common shares available for issuance under this plan is 2,200,000. The stock incentive plan provides for the issuance, to the Company’s officers, directors, management and employees who served over three years or have given outstanding performance, of options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company has issued 658,850 stock options under this plan, and there remain 1,541,150 stock options issuable in the future as of March 31, 2021.

Under the aforementioned plan, the stock options granted will have an exercise price equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock traded on NASDAQ one day before the date of grant, and will expire two to five years after the grant date. The stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2021 were exercisable immediately on the grant date. Stock options will be settled in shares of the Company’s common stock upon exercise and are recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets under the caption “Additional paid-in capital.” As of March 31, 2021, the Company has sufficient unissued registered common stock for settlement of the stock incentive plan mentioned above.

The fair value of stock options was determined at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option model requires management to make various estimates and assumptions, including expected term, expected volatility, risk-free rate, and dividend yield. The expected term represents the period of time that stock-based compensation awards granted are expected to be outstanding and is estimated based on considerations including the vesting period, contractual term and anticipated employee exercise patterns. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in relation to the contractual life of stock-based compensation instruments. The dividend yield assumption is based on historical patterns and future expectations for the Company dividends.

For the stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2021, assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options on the grant date is as follows:

The stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2021 were exercisable immediately and their fair value on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model was $0.1 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expenses of $0.1 million and nil, respectively.

The activities of stock options are summarized as follows, including granted, exercised and forfeited.

The following is a summary of the range of exercise prices for stock options that are outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 2021:

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the total intrinsic value of the Company’s stock options that were exercisable was $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, no Company’s stock options were exercised.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the weighted average fair value of the Company’s stock options granted was $3.92. No stock option was granted during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Appropriated

Pursuant to the relevant PRC laws, the profits distribution of the Company’s subsidiaries, which are based on their PRC statutory financial statements, are available for distribution in the form of cash dividends after these subsidiaries have paid all relevant PRC tax liabilities, provided for losses in previous years, and made appropriations to statutory surplus at 10% of their respective after-tax profits each year. When the statutory surplus reserve reaches 50% of the registered capital of a company, no additional reserve is required. For the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, no statutory reserve was appropriated by the subsidiaries in China.

The Company’s activities in respect of the amounts of appropriated retained earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, are summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

Unappropriated

The Company’s activities in respect of the amounts of the unappropriated retained earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, are summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

The Company’s activities in respect of the amounts of accumulated other comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, are summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD): 

The Company’s activities in respect of the amounts of the non-controlling interests’ equity for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, are summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):  

Revenue Disaggregation

Management has concluded that the disaggregation level is the same under both the revenue standard and the segment reporting standard. Please refer to Note 25.

Contract Assets and Liabilities

Contract assets, such as costs to obtain or fulfill contracts, are an insignificant component of the Company’s revenue recognition process. The majority of the Company’s cost of fulfillment as a manufacturer of products is classified as inventory, fixed assets and intangible assets, which are accounted for under the respective guidance for those asset types. Other costs of contract fulfillment are immaterial due to the nature of the Company’s products and their respective manufacturing processes.

Contract liabilities are mainly customer deposits. As of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Company has customer deposits of $2.6$1.1 million and $1.3$1.5 million, respectively, which were included in other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020, $2.2March 31, 2021, $1.0 million was received and $0.9$1.4 million (including $0.9$1.4 million from the beginning balance of customer deposits) was recognized as net product sales revenue. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, $0.3 million was received and $0.6 million (including $0.6 million from the beginning balance of customer deposits) was recognized as net product sales revenue. Customer deposits represent non-refundable cash deposits for customers to secure rights to an amount of products produced by the Company under supply agreements. When the products are shipped to customers, the Company will recognize revenue and bill the customers to reduce the amount of the customer deposit liability.

During the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, the Company’sCompany recorded financial (expense)/incomeexpense, net which is summarized as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

Income tax benefit was $0.2 million and income tax expense was $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Income tax expense was $0.3 million and $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in income tax benefit primarily resulted from the increase in loss before income tax expenses.

Basic income per share is computed using the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income per share is computed using the weighted average number of ordinary shares and dilutive ordinary share equivalents outstanding during the period. The dilutive effect of outstanding stock options is determined based on the treasury stock method.

The calculations of basic and diluted income per share attributable to the parent company for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, were as follows (figures are in thousands of USD, except share and per share amounts):

The calculations of basic and diluted income per share attributable to the parent company for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, were as follows (figures are in thousands of USD, except share and per share amounts):

As of September 30, 2020 and 2019,March 31, 2021, the exercise prices for 22,500 shares and 30,000 shares, respectively, of outstanding stock options were above the weighted average market price of the Company’s common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.March 31, 2021. Therefore, these stock options were excluded from the calculation of the diluted income per share for the corresponding periods presented.

AsFor the three months ended March 31, 2020, assumed conversion of September 30, 2020 and 2019, the exercise prices for 22,500 shares and 22,500 shares, respectively, of outstanding stock options were abovehas not been reflected in the weighted average market pricedilutive calculation pursuant to ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share,” due to the anti-dilutive effect as a result of the Company’s net loss. The effects of all outstanding share options with common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Therefore, these stock options wereshare equivalents of 74 shares, have been excluded from the calculation of the diluted incomeloss per share for the corresponding periods presented.three months ended March 31, 2020, due to their anti-dilutive effect.

A significant portion of the Company’s business is conducted in China where the currency is the RMB. Regulations in China permit foreign owned entities to freely convert the RMB into foreign currency for transactions that fall under the "current account", which includes trade related receipts and payments, interest and dividends. Accordingly, the Company’s Chinese subsidiaries may use RMB to purchase foreign exchangecurrency for settlement of such "current account" transactions without pre-approval.

China Automotive, the parent company, may depend on dividend payments from Genesis and HLUSA, which are generated from their subsidiaries in China, “China-based Subsidiaries,” after they receive payments from the China-based Subsidiaries. Regulations in the PRC currently permit payment of dividends of a PRC company only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with accounting standards and regulations in China. Under PRC law China-based Subsidiaries are required to set aside at least 10% of their after-tax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to their general reserves until the cumulative amount reaches 50% of their paid-in capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends, or as loans or advances. These foreign-invested enterprises may also allocate a portion of their after-tax profits, at the discretion of their boards of directors, to their staff welfare and bonus funds. Any amounts so allocated may not be distributed and, accordingly, would not be available for distribution to Genesis and HLUSA.

The PRC government also imposes controls on the convertibility of RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currencies out of China. The China-based Subsidiaries may experience difficulties in completing the administrative procedures necessary to obtain and remit foreign currencies. If China Automotive is unable to receive dividend payments from its subsidiaries, including the China-based subsidiaries, China Automotive may be unable to effectively finance its operations or pay dividends on its shares.

Transactions other than those that fall under the "current account" and that involve conversion of RMB into foreign currency are classified as "capital account" transactions; examples of "capital account" transactions include repatriations of investment by or loans to foreign owners, or direct equity investments in a foreign entity by a China domiciled entity. "Capital account" transactions require prior approval from China's State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, or its provincial branch to convert a remittance into a foreign currency, such as U.S. Dollars, and transmit the foreign currency outside of China.

This system could be changed at any time and any such change may affect the ability of the Company or its subsidiaries in China to repatriate capital or profits, if any, outside China. Furthermore, SAFE has a significant degree of administrative discretion in implementing the laws and has used this discretion to limit convertibility of current account payments out of China. Whether as a result of a deterioration in the Chinese balance of payments, a shift in the Chinese macroeconomic prospects or any number of other reasons, China could impose additional restrictions on capital remittances abroad. As a result of these and other restrictions under the laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China, or the PRC, the Company’s China subsidiaries are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to the parent. The Company has no assurance that the relevant Chinese governmental authorities in the future will not limit further or eliminate the ability of the Company’s China subsidiaries to purchase foreign currencies and transfer such funds to the Company to meet its liquidity or other business needs. Any inability to access funds in China, if and when needed for use by the Company outside of China, could have a material and adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity and its business.

Related party transactions are as follows (figures are in thousands of USD):

Related sales

Related purchases