UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549


FORM 10-Q


QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023


OR


TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


For the transition period from _______ to _______


Commission file number: 000-25927


MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Michigan


38-3391345

(State or other jurisdiction of  incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


10753 Macatawa Drive, Holland, Michigan 49424
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)


Registrant'sRegistrant’s telephone number, including area code: (616) 820-1444


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class
Trading Symbol
Name of each exchange on which registered

Common stock

MCBC

NASDAQ

Indicate by checkmarkcheck mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes No


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes No


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):Act:


Large accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company Emerging Growth Company ☐


If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐No ☒


The number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer'sissuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 33,941,20334,292,294 shares of the Company'sCompany’s Common Stock (no par value) were outstanding as of October 26, 2017.April 27, 2023.



Forward-Looking Statements


This report contains forward-looking statements that are based on management'smanagement’s beliefs, assumptions, current expectations, estimates and projections about the financial services industry, the economy, and Macatawa Bank Corporation. Forward-looking statements are identifiable by words or phrases such as “outlook”, “plan” or “strategy”; that an event or trend “could”, “may”, “should”, “will”, “is likely”, or is “possible” or “probable” to occur or “continue”, has “begun” or “is scheduled” or “on track” or that the Company or its management “anticipates”, “believes”, “estimates”, “plans”, “forecasts”, “intends”, “predicts”, “projects”, or “expects” a particular result, or is “committed”, “confident”, “optimistic” or has an “opinion” that an event will occur, or other words or phrases such as “ongoing”, “future”, “signs”, “efforts”, “tend”, “exploring”, “appearing”, “until”, “near term”, “concern”, “going forward”, “focus”, “starting”, “initiative,” “trend” and variations of such words and similar expressions. Such statements are based upon current beliefs and expectations and involve substantial risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These statements include, among others, those related to future levels of earning assets, statements related to stabilizationfuture composition of our loan portfolio, trends in credit quality metrics, future capital levels and capital needs, including the impact of Basel III, real estate valuation, future levels of repossessed and foreclosed properties and nonperforming assets, future levels of losses and costs associated with the administration and disposition of repossessed and foreclosed properties and nonperforming assets, future levels of loan charge-offs, future levels of other real estate owned, future levels of provisions for loan losses and reserve recoveries, the rate of asset dispositions, future dividends, future growth and funding sources, future cost of funds, future liquidity levels, future profitability levels, future FDIC assessmentinterest rate levels, future net interest margin levels, building and improving our investment portfolio, diversifying our credit risk, the effects on earnings of changes in interest rates, future economic conditions, future effects of new or changed accounting standards, future loss recoveries, future balances of short-term investments, future loan demand and loan growth, future levelsamounts of mortgage banking revenue andunrecognized tax benefits, the future level of other revenue sources. Management'ssources and future amounts of unrealized gains or losses in our investment securities portfolio. Management’s determination of the provision and allowance for loan losses, the appropriate carrying value of intangible assets (including deferred tax assets) and other real estate owned, and the fair value of investment securities (including whether any impairment on any investment security is temporary or other-than-temporary and the amount of any impairment) involves judgments that are inherently forward-looking. All statements with references to future time periods are forward-looking. All of the information concerning interest rate sensitivity is forward-looking. Our ability to sell other real estate owned at its carrying value or at all, successfully implement new programs and initiatives, increase efficiencies, maintain our current levels of deposits and other sources of funding, maintain liquidity, respond to declines in collateral values and credit quality, respond to a changing interest rate environment, increase loan volume, originate high quality loans, maintain or improve mortgage banking income, realize the benefit of our deferred tax assets, continue payment of dividends and improve profitability is not entirely within our control and is not assured. The future effect of changes in the real estate, financial and credit markets, interest rates and the national and regional economy on the banking industry, generally, and Macatawa Bank Corporation, specifically, are also inherently uncertain. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions (“risk factors”) that are difficult to predict with regard to timing, extent, likelihood and degree of occurrence. Therefore, actual results and outcomes may materially differ from what may be expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements. Macatawa Bank Corporation does not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that may arise after the date of the forward-looking statements.


Risk factors include, but are not limited to, the risk factors described in "Item“Item 1A - Risk Factors"Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2022. These and other factors are representative of the risk factors that may emerge and could cause a difference between an ultimate actual outcome and a preceding forward-looking statement.


INDEXINDEX




Page
Number


Number

Part I.Financial Information: 
   

Item 1.


4




10




Item 2.


40




Item 3.


5553




Item 4.


5654



Part II.Other Information:




Item 6.
2.


55




Item 6.

5755



58
56

Part I Financial Information
Part IFinancial Information
Item 1.
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 (unaudited) and December 31, 20162022
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)


  
March 31,
2023
  
December 31,
2022
 
ASSETS      
Cash and due from banks $29,402  $51,215 
Federal funds sold and other short-term investments  391,336   703,955 
Cash and cash equivalents  420,738   755,170 
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value  525,959   499,257 
Debt securities held to maturity (fair value 2023 - $335,559 and 2022 - $332,650)
  348,387   348,765 
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock  10,211   10,211 
Loans held for sale, at fair value  87   215 
Total loans  1,220,939   1,177,748 
Allowance for credit losses  (16,794)  (15,285)
Net loans  1,204,145   1,162,463 
Premises and equipment – net  40,249   40,306 
Accrued interest receivable  8,782   7,606 
Bank-owned life insurance  53,557   53,345 
Other real estate owned - net     2,343 
Net deferred tax asset  8,471   9,712 
Other assets  16,567   17,526 
Total assets $2,637,153  $2,906,919 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY        
Deposits        
Noninterest-bearing $690,444  $834,879 
Interest-bearing  1,640,451   1,780,263 
Total deposits  2,330,895   2,615,142 
Other borrowed funds  30,000   30,000 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities  15,690   14,739 
Total liabilities  2,376,585   2,659,881 
Commitments and contingent liabilities      
Shareholders’ equity        
Common stock, no par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 34,292,294 and 34,298,640 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022
  219,733   219,578 
Retained earnings  67,092   59,036 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
  (26,257)  (31,576)
Total shareholders’ equity  260,568   247,038 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $2,637,153  $2,906,919 


  
September 30,
2017
  
December 31,
2016
 
ASSETS      
Cash and due from banks $28,318  $27,690 
Federal funds sold and other short-term investments  131,571   62,129 
Cash and cash equivalents  159,889   89,819 
Securities available for sale, at fair value  214,182   184,433 
Securities held to maturity (fair value 2017 - $62,854 and 2016 - $69,849)  61,927   69,378 
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock  11,558   11,558 
Loans held for sale, at fair value  2,199   2,181 
Total loans  1,260,037   1,280,812 
Allowance for loan losses  (16,434)  (16,962)
Net loans  1,243,603   1,263,850 
Premises and equipment – net  46,822   50,026 
Accrued interest receivable  4,532   4,092 
Bank-owned life insurance  40,042   39,274 
Other real estate owned - net  6,661   12,253 
Net deferred tax asset  5,992   8,863 
Other assets  5,639   5,286 
Total assets $1,803,046  $1,741,013 
         
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY        
Deposits        
Noninterest-bearing $497,310  $501,478 
Interest-bearing  1,008,868   947,246 
Total deposits  1,506,178   1,448,724 
Other borrowed funds  72,118   84,173 
Long-term debt  41,238   41,238 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities  10,048   4,639 
Total liabilities  1,629,582   1,578,774 
         
Commitments and contingent liabilities  ---   --- 
         
Shareholders' equity        
Common stock, no par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized;  33,941,953 and 33,940,788 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016  217,099   216,731 
Retained deficit  (43,307)  (53,008)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)  (328)  (1,484)
Total shareholders' equity  173,464   162,239 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $1,803,046  $1,741,013 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Three month periods ended March 31, 2023 and Nine Month Periods Ended September 30, 2017 and 20162022
(unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)



  
Three Months
Ended
September 30,
 
Three Months
Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
  2017 2016 2017 2016
Interest income            
Loans, including fees $ 12,804 $ 11,838 $ 37,800 $ 35,228
Securities            
Taxable   741   584   2,025   1,699
Tax-exempt   574   451   1,658   1,325
FHLB Stock   122   122   367   368
Federal funds sold and other short-term investments   385   127   666   383
Total interest income   14,626   13,122   42,516   39,003
Interest expense            
Deposits   732   431   1,770   1,333
Other borrowings   314   418   1,053   1,318
Long-term debt   442   371   1,267   1,104
Total interest expense   1,488   1,220   4,090   3,755
Net interest income   13,138   11,902   38,426   35,248
Provision for loan losses   (350)   (250)   (1,350)   (1,100)
Net interest income after provision for loan losses   13,488   12,152   39,776   36,348
Noninterest income            
Service charges and fees   1,172   1,152   3,342   3,312
Net gains on mortgage loans   369   1,175   1,273   2,235
Trust fees   801   790   2,412   2,286
ATM and debit card fees   1,324   1,272   3,863   3,715
Gain on sales of securities   ---   ---   3   99
Bank owned life insurance ("BOLI") income   249   146   730   748
Other   385   540   1,386   1,824
Total noninterest income   4,300   5,075   13,009   14,219
Noninterest expense            
Salaries and benefits   6,211   6,166   18,363   18,521
Occupancy of premises   922   901   2,939   2,784
Furniture and equipment   797   772   2,278   2,476
Legal and professional   199   153   621   500
Marketing and promotion   226   275   678   825
Data processing   655   741   2,068   2,089
FDIC assessment   134   166   404   638
Interchange and other card expense   333   334   970   927
Bond and D&O Insurance   119   132   353   395
Net (gains) losses on repossessed and foreclosed properties   (190)   115   (575)   409
Administration and disposition of problem assets   113   210   435   787
Other   1,237   1,308   3,900   3,943
Total noninterest expenses   10,756   11,273   32,434   34,294
Income before income tax   7,032   5,954   20,351   16,273
Income tax expense   2,157   1,350   6,253   4,429
Net income $ 4,875 $ 4,604 $ 14,098 $ 11,844
Basic earnings per common share $ 0.14 $ 0.14 $ 0.42 $ 0.35
Diluted earnings per common share $ 0.14 $ 0.14 $ 0.42 $ 0.35
Cash dividends per common share $ 0.05 $ 0.03 $ 0.13 $ 0.09
  
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2023
  
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2022
 
Interest income      
Loans, including fees $15,660  $10,397 
Securities        
Taxable  4,481   1,434 
Tax-exempt  698   732 
FHLB Stock  65   51 
Federal funds sold and other short-term investments  6,362   529 
Total interest income  27,266   13,143 
Interest expense        
Deposits  4,494   158 
Other borrowings  156   320 
Total interest expense  4,650   478 
Net interest income  22,616   12,665 
Provision for credit losses
     (1,500)
Net interest income after provision for credit losses  22,616   14,165 
Noninterest income        
Service charges and fees  994   1,211 
Net gains on mortgage loans  11   308 
Trust fees  1,033   1,088 
ATM and debit card fees  1,662   1,599 
Bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) income  199   240 
Other  629   519 
Total noninterest income  4,528   4,965 
Noninterest expense        
Salaries and benefits  6,698   6,289 
Occupancy of premises  1,137   1,172 
Furniture and equipment  1,031   1,016 
Legal and professional  348   194 
Marketing and promotion  219   195 
Data processing  955   884 
FDIC assessment  330   180 
Interchange and other card expense  384   373 
Bond and D&O Insurance  122   130 
Other  941   1,306 
Total noninterest expenses  12,165   11,739 
Income before income tax  14,979   7,391 
Income tax expense  2,975   1,391 
Net income $12,004  $6,000 
Basic earnings per common share $0.35  $0.18 
Diluted earnings per common share $0.35  $0.18 
Cash dividends per common share $0.08  $0.08 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Three month periods ended March 31, 2023 and Nine Month Periods Ended September 30, 2017 and 20162022
(unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)


  
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2023
  
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2022
 
Net income $12,004  $6,000 
Other comprehensive income (loss):        
Unrealized gains (losses):        
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities available for sale  6,738   (15,119)
Net unrealized gain at time of transfer on securities transferred to held-to-maturity
     113 
Amortization of net unrealized gains on securities transferred to held-to-maturity  (5)  (6)
Tax effect  (1,414)  3,153 
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities available for sale, net of tax  5,319   (11,859)
Less: reclassification adjustments:        
Reclassification for gains included in net income      
Tax effect      
Reclassification for gains included in net income, net of tax      
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax  5,319   (11,859)
Comprehensive income (loss)
 $17,323  $(5,859)

  
Three Months
Ended
September 30,
 
Three Months
Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
  2017 2016 2017 2016
         
Net income $ 4,875 $ 4,604 $ 14,098 $ 11,844
             
Other comprehensive income:            
             
Unrealized gains (losses):            
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale   (53)   120   1,782   1,774
Tax effect   19   (42)   (624)   (621)
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale, net of tax   (34)   78   1,158   1,153
             
Less: reclassification adjustments:            
Reclassification for gains included in net income   ---   ---   3   99
Tax effect   ---   ---   (1)   (35)
Reclassification for gains included in net income, net of tax   ---   ---   2   64
             
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax   (34)   78   1,156   1,089
Comprehensive income $ 4,841 $ 4,682 $ 15,254 $ 12,933

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS'SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Nine Month Periods Ended September 30, 2017Three month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 20162022
(unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)


  
Common
Stock
    
Retained
Deficit
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
Balance, January 1, 2016 $ 216,540 $ (64,910) $ 347 $ 151,977
Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2016   ---   11,844   ---   11,844
Cash dividends at $.09 per share   ---   (3,042)   ---   (3,042)
Repurchase of 4,373 shares for taxes withheld on vested restricted stock   (31)   ---   ---   (31)
Net change in unrealized gain on securities available for sale, net of tax   ---   ---   1,089   1,089
Stock compensation expense   408   ---   ---   408
Balance, September 30, 2016 $ 216,917 $ (56,108) $ 1,436 $ 162,245
             
Balance, January 1, 2017 $ 216,731 $ (53,008) $ (1,484) $ 162,239
Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2017   ---   14,098   ---   14,098
Cash dividends at $.13 per share   ---   (4,397)   ---   (4,397)
Repurchase of 533 shares for taxes withheld on vested restricted stock   (5)   ---   ---   (5)
Issuance of 4,000 shares for stock option exercise   34   ---   ---   34
Net change in unrealized loss on securities available for sale, net of tax   ---   ---   1,156   1,156
Stock compensation expense   339   ---   ---   339
Balance, September 30, 2017 $ 217,099 $ (43,307) $ (328) $ 173,464
  
Common
Stock
  
Retained
Earnings
  
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
  
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
 
Balance, January 1, 2022
 $219,082  $35,220  $(297) $254,005 
Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2022
     6,000      6,000 
Cash dividends at $0.08 per share
     (2,728)     (2,728)
Repurchase of 1,338 shares for taxes withheld on vested restricted stock
  (13)  
   
   (13)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
        (11,859)  (11,859)
Stock compensation expense  197         197 
Balance, March 31, 2022
 $219,266  $38,492  $(12,156) $245,602 

Balance, January 1, 2023
 $219,578  $59,036  $(31,576) $247,038 
Adoption of ASU 2016-13, net of tax
    
(1,215)    
(1,215)
Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2023
     12,004      12,004 
Cash dividends at $0.08 per share
     (2,733)     (2,733)
Repurchase of 1,338 shares for taxes withheld on vested restricted stock
  (15)        (15)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax        5,319   5,319 
Stock compensation expense  170         170 
Balance, March 31, 2023
 $219,733  $67,092  $(26,257) $260,568 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Nine Month Periods Ended September 30, 2017Three month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 20162022
(unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)


  
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2017
    
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2016
  
Cash flows from operating activities      
Net income $14,098  $11,844 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:        
Depreciation and amortization  1,435   2,149 
Stock compensation expense  339   408 
Provision for loan losses  (1,350)  (1,100)
Origination of loans for sale  (45,018)  (76,096)
Proceeds from sales of loans originated for sale  46,273   79,094 
Net gains on mortgage loans  (1,273)  (2,235)
Gain on sales of securities  (3)  (99)
Write-down of other real estate  85   774 
Net gain on sales of other real estate  (660)  (365)
Net loss on sale of premises and equipment  240   --- 
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)  2,249   (167)
Change in accrued interest receivable and other assets  (794)  (1,142)
Earnings in bank-owned life insurance  (730)  (748)
Change in accrued expenses and other liabilities  4,041   1,341 
Net cash from operating activities  18,932   13,658 
         
Cash flows from investing activities        
Loan originations and payments, net  21,537   (37,699)
Change in interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions  ---   20,000 
Purchases of securities available for sale  (48,409)  (72,107)
Purchases of securities held to maturity  (16,411)  (21,977)
Purchase of bank-owned life insurance  ---   (10,000)
Proceeds from:        
Maturities and calls of securities  35,763   59,680 
Sales of securities available for sale  5,807   9,648 
Principal paydowns on securities  4,585   3,027 
Sales of other real estate  6,227   4,155 
Sales of premises and equipment  1,742   --- 
Death benefit from bank-owned life insurance  ---   518 
Additions to premises and equipment  (734)  (674)
Net cash from investing activities  10,107   (45,429)
         
Cash flows from financing activities        
Change in deposits  57,454   (76,885)
Repayments and maturities of other borrowed funds  (32,055)  (21,996)
Proceeds from other borrowed funds  20,000   10,000 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock  34   --- 
Repurchase of shares for taxes withheld on vested restricted stock  (5)  (31)
Cash dividends paid  (4,397)  (3,042)
Net cash from financing activities  41,031   (91,954)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents  70,070   (123,725)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period  89,819   181,476 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $159,889  $57,751 
  
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2023
  
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2022
 
Cash flows from operating activities      
Net income $12,004  $6,000 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:        
Depreciation and amortization  160   737 
Stock compensation expense  170   197 
Provision for credit losses     (1,500)
Origination of loans for sale  (179)  (10,148)
Proceeds from sales of loans originated for sale  318   11,008 
Net gains on mortgage loans  (11)  (308)
Net gain on sales of other real estate  (356)   
Deferred income tax expense
  150   456 
Earnings in bank-owned life insurance  (199)  (240)
Change in accrued interest receivable and other assets  (217)  504 
Change in accrued expenses and other liabilities  889   (551)
Net cash from operating activities  12,729   6,155 
Cash flows from investing activities        
Loan originations and payments, net  (43,158)  7,318 
Purchases of securities available for sale  (24,072)  (72,557)
Purchases of securities held to maturity  (3,966)  (28,120)
Proceeds from:        
Maturities and calls of securities available for sale
  1,626   5,187 
Maturities and calls of securities held to maturity
  1,126   31,238 
Principal paydowns on securities available for sale
  2,878   4,554 
Principal paydowns on securities held to maturity
  3,197   2,667 
Sales of other real estate  2,699    
Redemption of FHLB stock
     1,347 
Additions to premises and equipment  (496)  (235)
Net cash from investing activities  (60,166)  (48,601)
Cash flows from financing activities        
Change in deposits  (284,247)  4,339 
Repayments and maturities of other borrowed funds     (25,000)
Proceeds from other borrowed funds     25,000 
Repurchase of shares for taxes withheld on vested restricted stock  (15)  (13)
Cash dividends paid  (2,733)  (2,728)
Net cash from financing activities  (286,995)  1,598 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents  (334,432)  (40,848)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period  755,170   1,151,788 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $420,738  $1,110,940 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

-8-

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)
Nine Month Periods Ended September 30, 2017Three month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 20162022
(unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)


  
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
  2017 2016
Supplemental cash flow information      
Interest paid $ 3,827 $ 3,770
Income taxes paid   3,525   4,960
Supplemental noncash disclosures:      
Transfers from loans to other real estate   60   102
Security settlement   (1,368)   (1,315)
  
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2023
  
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2022
 
Supplemental cash flow information      
Interest paid $4,307  $481 
Supplemental noncash disclosures:        
Security settlement     5,747 
Transfer of securities from available for sale to held to maturity     123,469 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES


Principles of Consolidation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Macatawa Bank Corporation ("(“the Company"Company”, "our"“our”, "we"“we”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Macatawa Bank ("(“the Bank"Bank”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.


Macatawa Bank is a Michigan chartered bank with depository accounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.Corporation (“FDIC”). The Bank operates 26 full service branch offices providing a full range of commercial and consumer banking and trust services in Kent County, Ottawa County, and northern Allegan County, Michigan.

The Company owns all

Recent Events:  In early March 2023, over the course of the common stock of Macatawa Statutory Trust I and Macatawa Statutory Trust II. These are grantor trusts that issued trust preferred securities and are not consolidated with the Company under accounting principles generally acceptedfive days, three large financial institutions in the United States failed.  Silvergate Bank self liquidated and Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank were both closed by the FDIC. These bank failures were driven by rapid withdrawals by depositors with large uninsured balances held at these institutions and losses incurred by these banks in liquidating their bond portfolios to provide liquidity to fund these deposit outflows.   Silvergate Bank’s failure was also caused by its exposure to FTX and Alameda cryptocurrency firm failures.   The FDIC determined that Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank were systemically important and fully guaranteed their depositor balances above the $250,000 FDIC insurance limit.  Given the sharp increase in market interest rates during 2022 and into 2023, most financial institutions’ bond portfolios have significant unrealized loss positions.  In response to this, the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) created a new borrowing facility called the Bank Term Funding Program.  This program allows a bank to borrow against its investment portfolio, at par value, with no reduction for unrealized losses.  The term is for one year and interest rate is fixed at the time the advance is taken and there is no prepayment penalty.  Allowable investments for pledge are those the FRB can own.  This would include all of America.the Company’s investment securities except municipal securities and corporate bonds.  At March 31, 2023, the Company had no advances under this program and had $642.2 million in unused borrowing capacity under this program.  The program expires on March 11, 2024.


At March 31, 2023, the Company had $391.3 million in federal funds sold and overnight balances and had borrowing capacity of $951 million, including $242.3 million in unused availability with the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”), $65.0 million in available fed funds facilities with correspondent banks, $1.5 million in availability at the FRB Discount Window and the $642.2 million in the FRB Bank Term Funding Program discussed above.  At March 31, 2023, these liquidity sources exceeded the amount of the Company’s uninsured deposit balances.

Basis of Presentation:Presentation: The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals) believed necessary for a fair presentation have been included.


Operating results for the three and nine month periodsperiod ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017.2023. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company'sCompany’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2022.


Use of Estimates:  To prepare financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information.  These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided, and future results could differ.  The allowance for loancredit losses valuation of deferred tax assets, loss contingencies, fair value of other real estate owned and fair values of financial instruments are particularly subject to change.

Allowance for Loan Losses: The allowance for loan losses (allowance) is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses inherent in our loan portfolio, increased by the provision for loan losses and recoveries, and decreased by charge-offs of loans. Management believes the allowance for loan losses balance to be adequate based on known and inherent risks in the portfolio, past loan loss experience, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, economic conditions and other relevant factors. Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged-off. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Management continues its collection efforts on previously charged-off balances and applies recoveries as additions to the allowance for loan losses.

The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired. The general component covers non-classified loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current qualitative factors. The Company maintains a loss migration analysis that tracks loan losses and recoveries based on loan class and the loan risk grade assignment for commercial loans. At September 30, 2017, an 18 month annualized historical loss experience was used for commercial loans and a 12 month historical loss experience period was applied to residential mortgage loans and consumer loans. These historical loss percentages are adjusted (both upwards and downwards) for certain qualitative factors, including economic trends, credit quality trends, valuation trends, concentration risk, quality of loan review, changes in personnel, external factors and other considerations.

A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is believed to be probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Loans for which the terms have been modified and a concession has been made, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered troubled debt restructurings and classified as impaired.

-10-

Index
Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES(Continued)


Commercial and commercial real estate loans with relationship balances exceeding $500,000 and an internal risk grading of 6 or worse are evaluated for impairment. If a loan is impaired, a portion of the allowance is allocated and the loan is reported at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing interest rate or at the fair value of collateral, less estimated costs to sell, if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans, such as consumer and residential real estate loans, are collectively evaluated for impairment and they are not separately identified for impairment disclosures.

Troubled debt restructurings are also considered impaired with impairment generally measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s effective rate at inception or using the fair value of collateral, less estimated costs to sell, if repayment is expected solely from the collateral.

Foreclosed Assets: Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure, primarily other real estate owned, are initially recorded at fair value less estimated costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. If fair value declines, a valuation allowance is recorded through expense. Costs after acquisition are expensed unless they add value to the property.

Income Taxes: Income tax expense is the sum of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

We recognize a tax position as a benefit only if it is "more likely than not" that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the "more likely than not" test, no tax benefit is recorded. We recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.

Derivatives:  Certain of our commercial loan customers have entered into interest rate swap agreements directly with the Bank.  At the same time the Bank enters into a swap agreement with its customer, the Bank enters into a corresponding interest rate swap agreement with a correspondent bank at terms mirroring the Bank’s interest rate swap with its commercial loan customer.   This is known as a back-to-back swap agreement.  Under this arrangement the Bank has two freestanding interest rate swaps, both of which are carried at fair value.  As the terms mirror each other, there is no income statement impact to the Bank.  At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the total notional amount of such agreements was $42.7 million and $48.1 million and resulted in a derivative asset with a fair value of $351,000 and $494,000, respectively, which were included in other assets and a derivative liability of $351,000 and $494,000, respectively, which were included in other liabilities.

Reclassifications: Some items in the prior period financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards:  The Financial Accounting Standards Board “FASB” issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.  This ASU simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions for both public and nonpublic entities, including the following: Accounting for income taxes, classification of excess tax benefits on the statement of cash flows, forfeitures, statutory tax withholding requirements, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities and classification of employee taxes paid on the statement of cash flows when an employer withholds shares for tax-withholding purposes.  The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and for interim periods within those annual periods.  The impact of adoption of this ASU by the Company was not material.

FASB issued ASU No. 2017-08, Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities.  This ASU changes generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) to require premiums on purchased callable debt securities to be amortized to the earliest call date.  Previous GAAP allowed entities to amortize to contractual maturity or to call date.  The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted.  As the Company has consistently amortized premiums on its purchased callable debt securities to the earliest call date, the Company has elected to early adopt this ASU effective January 1, 2017.  There was no impact of adoption of this ASU by the Company.
-11-

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Newly Issued Not Yet Effective Standards:  FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).  The amendments in this Update create a new topic in the Codification, Topic 606. In addition to superseding and replacing nearly all existing U.S. GAAP revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance, ASC 606 establishes a new control-based revenue recognition model, changes the basis for deciding when revenue is recognized over time or at a point in time, provides new and more detailed guidance on specific topics and expands and improves disclosures about revenue.  In addition, ASU 2014-09 adds a new Subtopic to the Codification, ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs: Contracts with Customers, to provide guidance on costs related to obtaining a contract with a customer and costs incurred in fulfilling a contract with a customer that are not in the scope of another ASC Topic.   The new guidance does not apply to certain contracts within the scope of other ASC Topics, such as lease contracts, insurance contracts, financing arrangements, financial instruments, guarantees other than product or service warranties, and nonmonetary exchanges between entities in the same line of business to facilitate sales to customers. The amendments are effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017.  This ASU may require the Company to change how it recognizes certain recurring revenue streams within trust and investment management fees and interchange income.  Certain fees are currently recognized annually or semi-annually and may need to be accrued monthly under the new standard.  The timing of revenue recognition is expected to change nominally.  The total annual revenue for such fees amounts to less than $60,000.  Financial disclosures relative to revenue will be expanded as a result of this ASU.

FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement.  The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available.  As the Company owns most of its branch locations, this ASU will apply primarily to operating leases and the impact of adoption of this ASU by the Company is not expected to be material.

FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, as amended, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.  This ASU, commonly referred to as Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”), provides financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date by replacing the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates.  The new guidance eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold and, instead, reflects an entity’s current estimate of all expected credit losses. The new guidance broadens the information that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimate for assets measured either collectively or individually to include forecasted information, as well as past events and current conditions. There is no specified method for measuring expected credit losses, and an entity is allowed to apply methods that reasonably reflect its expectations of the credit loss estimate. Although an entity may still use its current systems and methods for recording the allowance for credit losses, under the new rules, the inputs used to record the allowance for credit losses generally will need to change to appropriately reflect an estimate of all expected credit losses and the use of reasonable and supportable forecasts. Additionally,FASB also issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures.  This standard eliminated the previous accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings and added additional disclosure requirements for gross chargeoffs by year of origination.  It also prescribes guidance for reporting modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty

The Company adopted these standards as required on January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures.  Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under CECL while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with the probable incurred loss accounting standards.  The transition adjustment of the CECL adoption included an increase in the allowance for loans of $1.5 million and an increase of $62,000 to establish a reserve for unfunded commitments, with a $1.2 million decrease to retained earnings, with the $323,000 income tax portion being recorded as part of the deferred tax asset in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”) - Loans: The allowance for credit losses (allowance) is a valuation account that is deducted from the loan portfolios’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on loans.  The allowance is increased by the provision for credit losses and recoveries, and decreased by charge-offs of loans. Management believes the allowance balance to be adequate based on known and inherent risks in the portfolio, past loan loss experience, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, current and forecasted economic conditions and other relevant factors. Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged-off. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed. Management continues its collection efforts on previously charged-off balances and applies recoveries as additions to the allowance for loan losses.

The allowance is measured on a collective pool basis when similar risk characteristics exist.  Loans with similar risk characteristics are grouped into homogeneous segments, or pools, for allowance calculation.  Commercial loans are divided into eight segments based primarily on property type and risk characteristics.  They are further segmented based on commercial loan risk grade. Retail loans are segmented into categories including residential mortgage, home equity, unsecured and other secured and then further segmented based on delinquency status.

The Company’s loan portfolio classes as of March 31, 2023 were as follows:
Commercial Loans:
Commercial and Industrial - Risks to this category include industry concentration and limitations associated with monitoring the adequacy and condition of collateral which can include inventory, accounts receivable, and other non-real estate assets.  Equipment and inventory obsolescence can also pose a risk.  Declines in general economic conditions and other events can cause cash flows to fall to levels insufficient to service debt.
Residential developed - Risks to this category include industry concentration, valuation of residential properties, inventory of homes for sale in the market area, inadequate long-term financing arrangements and velocity of sales.   Loans in this category are susceptible to weakening general economic conditions and increases in unemployment rates as well as market demand and supply of similar property.   Declines in real estate values and lack of suitable alternative use for the properties are also risks for loans in this category.

-11-

Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
Unsecured to residential developers - Risks to this category include industry concentration, valuation of residential properties, inventory of homes for sale in the market area and velocity of sales.   Declines in general economic conditions and other events can cause cash flows to fall to levels insufficient to service debt.
Vacant and unimproved - Risks to this category include industry concentration, valuation of farm land, agricultural properties and residential properties as well as velocity of sales.   Declines in general economic conditions and other events can cause cash flows to fall to levels insufficient to service debt.  Declines in real estate values and lack of suitable alternative use for the properties are also risks for loans in this category.
Commercial development - Risks to this category include industry concentration, valuation of commercial properties, lease terms, occupancy/vacancy rates and velocity of sales.   Declines in general economic conditions and other events can cause cash flows to fall to levels insufficient to service debt.  Declines in real estate values and lack of suitable alternative use for the properties are also risks for loans in this category.
Residential improved - Risks to this category include industry concentration, valuation of residential properties, inventory of homes for sale in the market area and velocity of sales.   Declines in general economic conditions and other events can cause cash flows to fall to levels insufficient to service debt.  Declines in real estate values and lack of suitable alternative use for the properties are also risks for loans in this category.
Commercial improved - Risks to this category include industry concentration, valuation of commercial properties, lease terms, occupancy/vacancy rates, cost overruns, changes in market demand for property or services and velocity of sales.   Declines in general economic conditions and other events can cause cash flows to fall to levels insufficient to service debt.  Declines in real estate values and lack of suitable alternative use for the properties are also risks for loans in this category.
Manufacturing and industrial - Risks to this category include industry concentration, valuation of commercial properties,  changes in market demand for products produced and velocity of sales.   Declines in general economic conditions and other events can cause cash flows to fall to levels insufficient to service debt.  Declines in real estate values and lack of suitable alternative use for the properties are also risks for loans in this category.
Consumer Loans:
Residential mortgage - Residential mortgage loans are susceptible to weakening general economic conditions and increases in unemployment rates and declining real estate values.
Unsecured - Unsecured loans are susceptible to weakening general economic conditions and increases in unemployment rates.
Home equity - Home equity loans are susceptible to weakening general economic conditions and increases in unemployment rates and declining real estate values.
Other secured - Other secured loans are susceptible to weakening general economic conditions and increases in unemployment rates, regulatory risks as well as the inability to monitor collateral consisting of personal property.




The remaining life methodology is used for all loan pools.  This nondiscounted cash flow approach projects an estimated future amortized cost basis based on current loan balance and repayment terms.  Given the bank’s limited loss history over the past twelve years, a loss rate computed for a comparable sized peer group (banks with assets between $1-3 billion) is then applied to future loan balances at the instrument level based on the remaining contractual life adjusted for amortization, prepayment and default to develop a baseline lifetime loss.  The baseline lifetime loss is adjusted for changes in macroeconomic conditions over the reasonable and supportable forecast period and reversion periods.

-12-

Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Reasonable and supportable economic forecasts have to be incorporated in determining expected losses.  The forecast period represents the time frame from the current period end through the point in time that the Company can reasonably forecast. Ideally, the economic forecast period would cover the contractual terms of all loans; however, the ability to produce a forecast that is both reasonable and supportable becomes more difficult the longer the period is projected.

For periods beyond the forecast period, the loss rate reverts back to the long term historical loss average.  As of January 1, 2023 and March 31, 2023, the Company used a one-year reasonable and supportable economic forecast period, with a six-month straight-line reversion period for all loan segments.  In determining the reasonable and supportable economic forecast period, the Company used a consensus economic forecast from a third-party provider that provided forecasts from twenty five leading economists.  The Company considered the March 2023 report’s consensus/mean estimates for gross domestic product and unemployment rates and selected a loss period for the reasonable and supportable forecast period that most closely matched that consensus (December 2006 to September 2007).  At adoption of CECL on January 1, 2023, the Company considered the December 2022 report for these same metrics and used a loss period from September 2007 to December 2007.  The effect of changing the loss period from that used at January 1, 2023 to March 31, 2023 was a reduction in the historical loss rate used at March 31, 2023.
A number of qualitative factors are considered including economic forecast uncertainty, credit quality trends, valuation trends, concentration risk, quality of loan review, changes in personnel, impact of rising interest rates, external factors and other considerations.  During each reporting period, management also considers the need to adjust the baseline lifetime loss rates for factors that may cause expected losses to differ from those experienced in the historical loss periods.

The Company is also required to consider expected credit losses associated with loan commitments over the contractual period in which it is exposed to credit risk on the underlying commitments.  Any allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures is reported as an other liability on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet and is increased or decreased via other noninterest expense on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Income.  The calculation includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and forecasted credit losses on available-for-salecommitments expected to be funded over their estimated lives.  The allowance is calculated using the same methodology, inputs and assumptions as the funded portion of loans at the segment level applied to the amount of commitments expected to be funded.

Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance.  Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income over the respective term of the loan using the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments.  Accrued interest on loans totaled $3.8 million at March 31, 2023 and $4.0 million at December 31, 2022.

Accrued interest receivable for loans is included as a separate line item on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.  The Company elected not to measure an allowance for accrued interest receivable and instead elected to reverse accrued interest income on loans that are placed on nonaccrual status.  The Company believes this policy results in the timely reversal of uncollectible interest.

Interest income on mortgage and commercial loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the loan is well-secured and in process of collection. Consumer loans are typically charged off no later than 120 days past due.  Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan.  In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.  Nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days still on accrual include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually classified impaired loans.

All interest accrued but not received for loans placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income.  Interest received on such loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual.  Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.
Securities: Securities are classified as held to maturity (“HTM”) and carried at amortized cost when management has the positive intent and ability to hold them to maturity. Securities available for sale (“AFS”) consist of those securities which might be sold prior to maturity due to changes in interest rates, prepayment risks, yield and availability of alternative investments, liquidity needs or other factors.  Securities classified as AFS are reported at their fair value and the related unrealized gain or loss is reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax.

Interest income includes amortization of purchase premium or discount.  Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized on the level yield method without anticipating prepayments.  Gains and losses on sales are based on the amortized cost of the security sold.  Accrued interest receivable on securities totaled $4.5 million at March 31, 2023 and $3.4 million at December 31, 2022.

-13-

Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

ACL - Securities Available for Sale - For securities AFS in an unrealized loss position, management determines whether they intend to sell or if it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of the amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income with an allowance being established under CECL.  For securities AFS with unrealized losses not meeting these criteria, management evaluates whether any decline in fair value is due to credit loss factors.  In making this assessment, management considers any changes to the rating of the security by rating agencies and adverse conditions specifically related to the issuer of the security, among other factors.  If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security.  If the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis.  Changes in the ACL under ASC 326-30 are recorded as provisions for (or reversal of) credit loss expense.  Losses are charged against the allowance when the collectability of a debt security AFS is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met.  Any impairment that has not been recorded through an ACL is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of income taxes.  At March 31, 2023 and at adoption of CECL on January 1, 2023, there was no ACL related to debt securities will now haveAFS.  Accrued interest receivable on debt securities was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
ACL - Securities Held to Maturity - Since the adoption of CECL, the Company measures credit losses on HTM securities on a collective basis by major security type with each type sharing similar risk characteristics, and considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The ACL on securities HTM is a contra asset valuation account that is deducted from the carrying amount of HTM securities to present the net amount expected to be presented ascollected.  HTM securities are charged off against the ACL when deemed uncollectible.  Adjustments to the ACL are reported in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income in the provision for credit losses.  Accrued interest receivable on HTM securities is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.  With regard to US Treasury securities, these have an explicit government guarantee; therefore, no ACL is recorded for these securities.  With regard to obligations of states and political subdivisions and other HTM securities, management considers (1) issuer bond ratings, (2) historical loss rates for given bond ratings, (3) the financial condition of the issuer, and (4) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities.  At March 31, 2023 and at adoption of CECL on January 1, 2023, there was no ACL related to securities HTM.

Income Taxes: Income tax expense is the sum of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance, rather thanif needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

The Company recognizes a tax position as a write-down.benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.

Revenue From Contracts With Customers: The Company records revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic 606”).  Under Topic 606, the Company must identify the contract with a customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize revenue when (or as) it satisfies a performance obligation. No revenue has been recognized in the current reporting period that results from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods.

The Company’s primary sources of revenue are derived from interest and dividends earned on loans, securities and other financial instruments that are not within the scope of Topic 606.  The Company has evaluated the nature of its contracts with customers and determined that further disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers into more granular categories beyond what is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income was not necessary.

The Company generally satisfies its performance obligations on contracts with customers as services are rendered, and the transaction prices are typically fixed and charged either on a periodic basis (generally monthly) or based on activity. Because performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered and the transaction prices are fixed, there is little judgment involved in applying Topic 606 that significantly affects the determination of the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers.

-14-

Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES(Continued)

Interest Income: The Company’s largest source of revenue is interest income which is primarily recognized on an accrual basis based on contractual terms written into loans and investment contracts.

Noninterest Revenue:  The Company derives the majority of its noninterest revenue from: (1) service charges for deposit related services, (2) gains related to mortgage loan sales, (3) trust fees and (4) debit and credit card interchange income.  Most of these services are transaction based and revenue is recognized as the related service is provided.

Derivatives:  Certain of the Bank’s commercial loan customers have entered into interest rate swap agreements directly with the Bank.  At the same time the Bank enters into a swap agreement with its customer, the Bank enters into a corresponding interest rate swap agreement with a correspondent bank at terms mirroring the Bank’s interest rate swap with its commercial loan customer.   This is known as a back-to-back swap agreement.  Under this arrangement the Bank has two freestanding interest rate swaps, each of which is carried at fair value.  As the terms mirror each other, there is no income statement impact to the Bank. At March 31,2023 and December 31, 2022, the total notional amount of such agreements was $115.1 million and $125.3 million, respectively, and resulted in a derivative asset with a fair value of $5.3 million and $6.5 million, respectively, which were included in other assets and a derivative liability of $5.3 million and $6.5 million, respectively, which were included in other liabilities.

Mortgage Banking Derivatives: Commitments to fund mortgage loans (interest rate locks) to be sold into the secondary market and forward commitments for the future delivery of these mortgage loans are accounted for as derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting.  Fair values of these mortgage derivatives are estimated based on changes in mortgage interest rates from the date the interest rate on the loan is locked.  The Bank enters into commitments to sell mortgage backed securities, which it later buys back in order to hedge its exposure to interest rate risk in its mortgage pipeline.  At times, the Bank also enters into forward commitments for the future delivery of mortgage loans when loans are closed but not yet sold, in order to hedge the change in interest rates resulting from its commitments to sell the loans.
Changes in the fair values of these interest rate lock and mortgage backed security and forward commitment derivatives are included in net gains on mortgage loans.  The fair value of interest rate lock commitments was $4,000 at March 31, 2023 and $0 at December 31, 2022.  The net fair value of mortgage backed security derivatives was ($3,000) at March 31, 2023 and $0 at December 31, 2022.

Loans Held for Sale:  Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at fair value, as determined by outstanding commitments from investors. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, these loans had net unrealized gains of $5,000 and $4,000, respectively, which are reflected in their carrying value.  Changes in fair value of loans held for sale are included in net gains on mortgage loans.  Loans are sold with servicing released; therefore no mortgage servicing right assets are established.
 
Newly Issued Not Yet Effective Standards:  FASB issued ASU 2023-01, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method.  This standard allows entities to elect to account for qualifying tax equity investments using the proportional amortization method, regardless of the program giving rise to the related income tax credits.  This election allows the entity to record writedown of investment to federal income tax expense where income tax credits are recorded.  This also aligns the treatment of other tax equity investments with that allowed for low income housing tax credit investments.  The standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and for2023, including interim periods within thosethese fiscal years.  The Company is currently evaluatingalready utilizes the impactproportional amortization method for its investments in low income housing tax credit investments and as it has no other types of investments in tax credit structures, adoption of this new ASU on its consolidated financial statements.standard will not have any immediate impact.


FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows2023-01, Leases (Topic 230)842): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus ofCommon Control Arrangements.  This standard requires entities to amortize leasehold improvements associated with common control leases over the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force).  This ASU addresses concerns regarding diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified inuseful life to the statement of cash flows.  In particular, this ASU addresses eight specific cash flow issues in an effort to reduce this diversity in practice: (1) debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; (2) settlement of zero-coupon bonds; (3) contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; (4) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; (5) proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance policies; (6) distributions received from equity method investees; (7) beneficial interests in securitization transactions; and (8) separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle.common control group.  The amendments arestandard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and for interim periods within those annual periods.  The impact of adoption of this ASU by the Company is not expected to be material.
-12-

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities.  This ASU simplifies and expands the eligible hedging strategies for financial and nonfinancial risks by more closely aligning hedge accounting with a company’s risk management activities, and also simplifies the application of Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, through targeted improvements in key practice areas.  This includes expanding the list of items eligible to be hedged and amending the methods used to measure the effectiveness of hedging relationships.  In addition, the ASU prescribes how hedging results should be presented and requires incremental disclosures.  These changes are intended to allow preparers more flexibility and to enhance the transparency of how hedging results are presented and disclosed.  Further, the ASU provides partial relief on the timing of certain aspects of hedge documentation and eliminates the requirement to recognize hedge ineffectiveness separately in earnings in the current period.  The ASU is effective forfiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and2023, including interim periods within thosethese fiscal years.  TheAs the Company does not expect the impact ofhave any such common control leases, adoption of this ASU to be material.standard will not have any immediate impact.

-13--15-

Index
Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 2 – SECURITIES


The amortized cost and fair value of securities at period-end were as follows (dollars in thousands):


Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
  
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
  
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  
Fair
Value
 
September 30, 2017
        
Available for Sale:
        
March 31, 2023
            
Available for Sale            
U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities $ 98,386 $ 58 $ (709) $ 97,735 $255,211  $175  $(13,528) $241,858 
U.S. Agency MBS and CMOs  20,281  13  (161)  20,133  134,956   81   (12,793)  122,244 
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds  41,255  677  (133)  41,799  37,142   77   (270)  36,949 
Taxable state and municipal bonds  43,100  89  (315)  42,874  119,862   149   (6,874)  113,137 
Corporate bonds and other debt securities  10,165  16  (20)  10,161  12,112   4   (345)  11,771 
Other equity securities   1,500   ---   (20)   1,480
 $559,283  $486  $(33,810) $525,959 
 $ 214,687 $ 853 $ (1,358) $ 214,182                
Held to Maturity
                        
U.S. Treasury
 $251,286  $  $(11,274) $240,012 
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds $ 61,927 $ 927 $ --- $ 62,854  97,101
   552
   (2,106)  95,547
 

 $348,387  $552  $(13,380) $335,559 

 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
  
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
  
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  
Fair
Value
 
December 31, 2016
        
December 31, 2022
            
Available for Sale:
                        
U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities $ 85,582 $ 49 $ (1,281) $ 84,350 $240,921  $23  $(16,310) $224,634 
U. S. Agency MBS and CMOs  12,037  11  (231)  11,817
U.S. Agency MBS and CMOs  128,165      (14,347)  113,818 
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds  39,578  212  (603)  39,187  37,198   10   (498)  36,710 
Taxable state and municipal bonds  34,255  65  (437)  33,883  120,647   49   (8,525)  112,171 
Corporate bonds and other debt securities   13,765  16  (55)  13,726  12,387      (463)  11,924 
Other equity securities   1,500   ---   (30)   1,470
 $ 186,717 $ 353 $ (2,637) $ 184,433 $539,318  $82  $(40,143) $499,257 
Held to Maturity:
        
Held to Maturity                
U.S. Treasury $
251,307  $
  $
(13,677) $
237,630 
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds $ 69,378 $ 573 $ (102) $ 69,849  97,458   415   (2,853)  95,020 

 $348,765  $415  $(16,530) $332,650 


There were no salesales of securities available for sale in the three month periods ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and 2016.  Proceeds2022.

-16-

Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 2 – SECURITIES (Continued)

On January 1, 2022, the Company reclassified ten U.S. Treasury securities with an amortized cost of $123.5 million from available for sale to held to maturity, as it has the sale ofintent and ability to hold these securities were $5.8 million in the nine month period ended September 30, 2017 resulting into maturity.  These securities had net unrealized gains of $3,000, as$113,000 at the date of transfer, which will continue to be reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income.  This resulted in reclassifications of $3,000 ($2,000 net of tax) from accumulated other comprehensive income, to gainand will be amortized over the remaining life of the securities as an adjustment of yield. The effect on saleinterest income of the amortization of net unrealized gains is offset by the amortization of the premium on the securities in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the nine month period ended September 30, 2017.  Proceeds from the sale of securities available for sale were $9.6 million in the nine month period ended September 30, 2016 resulting in net gains on sale of $99,000 as reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income.  This resulted in reclassifications of $99,000 ($64,000 net of tax) from accumulated other comprehensive income to gain on sale of securities in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the nine month period ended September 30, 2016.transferred.
-14-

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 2 – SECURITIES (Continued)

Contractual maturities of debt securities at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 were as follows (dollars in thousands):


 Held–to-Maturity Securities Available-for-Sale Securities Held–to-Maturity Securities  Available-for-Sale Securities 
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
  
Fair
Value
  
Amortized
Cost
  
Fair
Value
 
Due in one year or less $ 14,012 $ 14,019 $ 18,486 $ 18,493 $58,157  $57,487  $22,431  $22,106 
Due from one to five years  13,622  14,055  115,857  115,387  272,386   260,375   369,226   352,338 
Due from five to ten years  10,687  11,019  55,693  55,805  17,844   17,697   34,295   30,814 
Due after ten years   23,606   23,761   23,151   23,017        133,331   120,701 
 $ 61,927 $ 62,854 $ 213,187 $ 212,702 $348,387  $335,559  $559,283  $525,959 


Securities with unrealized losses at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2016,2022, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows (dollars in thousands):


 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total Less than 12 Months  12 Months or More  Total 
September 30, 2017
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Loss
March 31, 2023
 
Fair
Value
  
Unrealized
Loss
  
Fair
Value
  
Unrealized
Loss
  
Fair
Value
  
Unrealized
Loss
 
Available for Sale                  
U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities $ 60,225 $ (472) $ 15,497 $ (237) $ 75,722 $ (709) $90,278  $(2,249) $125,775  $(11,279) $216,053  $(13,528)
U.S. Agency MBS and CMOs  16,883  (129)  1,087  (32)  17,970  (161)  31,574   (1,021)  64,296   (11,772)  95,870   (12,793)
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds  7,428  (79)  2,124  (54)  9,552  (133)  17,744   (103)  5,541   (167)  23,285   (270)
Taxable state and municipal bonds  20,469  (239)  3,199  (76)  23,668  (315)  41,608   (989)  58,236   (5,885)  99,844   (6,874)
Corporate bonds and other debt securities  4,269  (9)  1,507  (11)  5,776  (20)  7,462   (148)  3,839   (197)  11,301   (345)
Other equity securities   1,480   (20)   ---   ---   1,480   (20)
Total temporarily impaired $ 110,754 $ (948) $ 23,414 $ (410) $ 134,168 $ (1,358)
Total $188,666  $(4,510) $257,687  $(29,300) $446,353  $(33,810)
                        
Held to Maturity                        
U.S. Treasury $114,386  $(5,063) $125,626  $(6,211) $240,012  $(11,274)
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds  26,395   (384)  49,855   (1,722)  76,250   (2,106)
 $140,781  $(5,447) $175,481  $(7,933) $316,262  $(13,380)


 
December 31, 2016
  Less than 12 Months  12 Months or More  Total
Fair
Value
  
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value
  
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value
  
Unrealized
Loss
U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities $ 59,129 $ (1,271) $ 3,053 $ (10) $ 62,182 $ (1,281)
U.S. Agency MBS and CMOs   10,702   (231)   ---   ---   10,702   (231)
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds   49,508   (698)   1,672   (7)   51,180   (705)
Taxable state and municipal bonds   22,633   (437)   ---   ---   22,633   (437)
Corporate bonds and other debt securities   5,745   (50)   500   (5)   6,245   (55)
Other equity securities   1,470   (30)   ---   ---   1,470   (30)
Total temporarily impaired $ 149,187 $ (2,717) $ 5,225 $ (22) $ 154,412 $ (2,739)
-15--17-

Index
Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 2 – SECURITIES(Continued)


  Less than 12 Months  12 Months or More  Total 
December 31, 2022
 
Fair
Value
  
Unrealized
Loss
  
Fair
Value
  
Unrealized
Loss
  
Fair
Value
  
Unrealized
Loss
 
Available for Sale:                  
U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities $144,796  $(6,230) $66,008  $(10,080) $210,804  $(16,310)
U.S. Agency MBS and CMOs  64,427   (4,789)  41,340   (9,558)  105,767   (14,347)
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds  31,337   (498)        31,337   (498)
Taxable state and municipal bonds  71,165   (3,337)  33,452   (5,188)  104,617   (8,525)
Corporate bonds and other debt securities  10,668   (357)  1,256   (106)  11,924   (463)

 $322,393  $(15,211) $142,056  $(24,932) $464,449  $(40,143)
                         
Held to Maturity:                        
U.S. Treasury $
237,630  $
(13,677) $
  $
  $
237,630  $
(13,677)
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds  57,671   (2,314)  21,721   (539)  79,392   (2,853)
  $295,301  $(15,991) $21,721  $(539) $317,022  $(16,530)

Other-Than-Temporary-Impairment

Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI")in an unrealized loss position at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation.  In analyzing an issuer’s financial condition, Management considers whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred and the results of reviews of the issuer’s financial condition.

At March 31, 2023, 413 securities available for sale with fair values totaling $446.4 million had unrealized losses totaling $33.8 million. For securities available for sale with unrealized losses, management considered the financial condition of the issuer and the Company’s intent and ability to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. At March 31, 2023, 66 securities held to maturity with fair values totaling $316.3 million had unrealized losses totaling $13.4 million. Management has the intent and ability to hold the securities classified as held to maturity until they mature, at which time the Company will receive full value for the securities. Management determined that the unrealized losses for each period and each investment were attributable to changes in interest rates and not due to credit quality.  As such, no OTTI charges were necessary during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.allowance for credit losses on securities available for sale or held to maturity have been established as of March 31, 2023.


Securities with a carrying value of approximately $2.0$3.6 million and $3.5 million were pledged as security for public deposits, letters of credit and for other purposes required or permitted by law at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2016.2022, respectively.

-18-

Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 –LOANS


Portfolio loans were as follows (dollars in thousands):

 
September 30,
2017
  
December 31,
2016
  
March 31,
2023
  
December 31,
2022
 
Commercial and industrial $418,838  $449,342  $
473,354  $
441,716 
                
Commercial real estate:                
Residential developed  9,077   11,970   7,001   7,234 
Unsecured to residential developers  2,410   4,734   
   
 
Vacant and unimproved  38,677   40,286   38,700   36,270 
Commercial development  486   378   99   103 
Residential improved  83,441   75,348   116,177   112,791 
Commercial improved  295,924   289,478   255,894   259,281 
Manufacturing and industrial  100,347   95,787   125,477   121,924 
Total commercial real estate  530,362   517,981   543,348   537,603 
        
Consumer        
Consumer:        
Residential mortgage  221,829   217,614   148,676   139,148 
Unsecured  254   396   106   121 
Home equity  82,296   88,113   52,647   56,321 
Other secured  6,458   7,366   2,808   2,839 
Total consumer  310,837   313,489   204,237   198,429 
Total loans  1,220,939   1,177,748 
Allowance for credit losses  (16,794)  (15,285)
         $1,204,145  $1,162,463 
Total loans  1,260,037   1,280,812 
Allowance for loan losses  (16,434)  (16,962)
 $1,243,603  $1,263,850 

The totals above are shown net of deferred fees and costs.  Deferred fees on loans totaled $1.3 million and $1.3 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.  Deferred costs on loans totaled $1.4 million and $1.4 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
 
-16--19-

Index
Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 –LOANS(Continued)


Activity in the allowance for loancredit losses by portfolio segment was as follows (dollars in thousands):


Three months ended September 30, 2017
  
Commercial
and
Industrial
  
Commercial
Real Estate
    Consumer    Unallocated    Total
Beginning balance $ 6,336 $ 6,583 $ 3,621 $ 30 $ 16,570
Three months ended March 31, 2023
 
Commercial
and
Industrial
  
Commercial
Real Estate
  Consumer  Unallocated  Total 
Beginning balance, prior to adoption of ASU 2016-03 $5,596  $7,180  $2,458  $51  $15,285 
Impact of adoption of ASU 2016-03  1,299   (212)  389      1,476 
Charge-offs  ---  ---  (55)  ---  (55)        (21)     (21)
Recoveries  32  199  38  ---  269  9   3   42      54 
Provision for loan losses   (212)   (94)   (43)   (1)   (350)
Provision for credit losses (1)
  220   (201)  (50)  31    
Ending Balance $ 6,156 $ 6,688 $ 3,561 $ 29 $ 16,434 $7,124  $6,770  $2,818  $82  $16,794 


Three months ended September 30, 2016
 
Commercial
and
Industrial
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 Consumer Unallocated Total
Three months ended March 31, 2022
 
Commercial
and
Industrial
  
Commercial
Real Estate
  Consumer  Unallocated  Total 
Beginning balance $ 4,960 $ 8,065 $ 3,894 $ 40 $ 16,959 $5,176  $8,051  $2,633  $29  $15,889 
Charge-offs  ---  ---  (46)  ---  (46)        (35)     (35)
Recoveries  50  95  39  ---  184  5   233   24      262 
Provision for loan losses   515   (548)   (190)   (27)   (250)
Provision for credit losses (1)
  148   (1,213)  (469)  34   (1,500)
Ending Balance $ 5,525 $ 7,612 $ 3,697 $ 13 $ 16,847 $5,329  $7,071  $2,153  $63  $14,616 

 
Nine months ended September 30, 2017
  
Commercial
and
Industrial
  
Commercial
Real Estate
    Consumer    Unallocated    Total
Beginning balance $ 6,345 $ 6,703 $ 3,871 $ 43 $ 16,962
Charge-offs   (108)   ---   (113)   ---   (221)
Recoveries   96   818   129   ---   1,043
Provision for loan losses   (177)   (833)   (326)   (14)   (1,350)
Ending Balance $ 6,156 $ 6,688 $ 3,561 $ 29 $ 16,434

 
Nine months ended September 30, 2016
  
Commercial
and
Industrial
  
Commercial
Real Estate
    Consumer    Unallocated    Total
Beginning balance $ 4,826 $ 8,457 $ 3,761 $ 37 $ 17,081
Charge-offs   ---   ---   (158)   ---   (158)
Recoveries   123   772   129   ---   1,024
Provision for loan losses   576   (1,617)   (35)   (24)   (1,100)
Ending Balance $ 5,525 $ 7,612 $ 3,697 $ 13 $ 16,847

-17-
(1)Beginning January 1, 2023, calculation is based on CECL methodology.  Prior to January 1, 2023, calculation was based on probable incurred loss methodology.

The following table presents gross chargeoffs for the three months ended March 31, 2023 by portfolio class and origination year (dollars in thousands):

  Term Loans By Origination Year       
March 31, 2023 2023  2022  2021  2020  2019  Prior  
Revolving
Loans
  Total 
                         
                         
Commercial and industrial $  $  $  $  $  $  $  $ 
Commercial development                        
Commercial improved                        
Manufacturing and industrial                        
Residential development                        
Residential improved                        
Vacant and unimproved                        
Total commercial                        
                                 
Residential mortgage                        
Consumer unsecured                        
Home equity                        
Other                    21   21 
Total consumer                    21   21 
                                 
Total loans                    21   21 

-20-

Index
Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 –LOANS(Continued)


Collateral dependent loans are loans for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty.  Under CECL for collateral dependent loans, the Company has adopted the practical expedient to measure the allowance on the fair value of collateral.

The allowance is calculated on an individual loan basis based on the shortfall between the fair value of the loan’s collateral, which is adjusted for liquidation costs/discounts, and the loan’s amortized cost.  If the fair value of the collateral exceeds the loan’s amortized cost, no allowance is necessary.  The Company’s policy is to obtain appraisals on any significant pieces of collateral.  For real estate collateral that is in industries that are undergoing significant stress, or properties that are specialized use or have limited marketability, higher discounts are applied in determining fair value.

There have been no significant changes to the types of collateral securing our collateral dependent loans.

The amortized cost of collateral-dependent loans by class as of March 31, 2023 was as follows (dollars in thousands):

  Collateral Type    
March 31, 2023 Real Estate  Other  
Allowance
Allocated
 
          
Commercial and industrial $  $  $ 
Commercial real estate:            
Residential developed         
Unsecured to residential developers         
Vacant and unimproved         
Commercial development         
Residential improved  30       
Commercial improved  303      6 
Manufacturing and industrial         
   333      6 
Consumer            
Residential mortgage         
Unsecured         
Home equity         
Other secured         
Consumer         
Total $333  $  $6 

The following table presents the balance in the allowance for loancredit losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method (dollars in thousands):


 
September 30, 2017
 
Commercial
and
Industrial
  
Commercial
Real Estate
  Consumer  Unallocated  Total 
Allowance for loan losses:               
Ending allowance attributable to loans:               
Individually reviewed for impairment $568  $244  $534  $---  $1,346 
Collectively evaluated for impairment  5,588   6,444   3,027   29   15,088 
Total ending allowance balance $6,156  $6,688  $3,561  $29  $16,434 
Loans:                    
Individually reviewed for impairment $4,555  $8,742  $8,663  $---  $21,960 
Collectively evaluated for impairment  414,283   521,620   302,174   ---   1,238,077 
Total ending loans balance $418,838  $530,362  $310,837  $---  $1,260,037 

December 31, 2016
 
Commercial
and
Industrial
  
Commercial
Real Estate
  Consumer  Unallocated  Total 
Allowance for loan losses:               
December 31, 2022
 
Commercial
and
Industrial
  
Commercial
Real Estate
  Consumer  Unallocated  Total 
Allowance for credit losses:           
Ending allowance attributable to loans:                          
Individually reviewed for impairment $605  $368  $723  $---  $1,696  $55 $20 $220 $ $295 
Collectively evaluated for impairment  5,740   6,335   3,148   43   15,266   5,541  7,160  2,238  51  14,990 
Total ending allowance balance $6,345  $6,703  $3,871  $43  $16,962  $5,596 $7,180 $2,458 $51 $15,285 
                    
Loans:                               
Individually reviewed for impairment $5,994  $11,934  $11,726  $---  $29,654  $3,603 $518 $2,886 $ $7,007 
Collectively evaluated for impairment  443,348   506,047   301,763   ---   1,251,158   438,113  537,085  195,543    1,170,741 
Total ending loans balance $449,342  $517,981  $313,489  $---  $1,280,812  $441,716 $537,603 $198,429 $ $1,177,748 
 
-18--21-

Index
Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 –LOANS (Continued)

The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans as of September 30, 2017 (dollars in thousands):
 
September 30, 2017
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
  
Recorded
Investment
  
Allowance
Allocated
 
With no related allowance recorded:         
Commercial and industrial $1,414  $1,414  $--- 
             
Commercial real estate:            
Residential developed  ---   ---   --- 
Unsecured to residential developers  ---   ---   --- 
Vacant and unimproved  ---   ---   --- 
Commercial development  190   190   --- 
Residential improved  5   5   --- 
Commercial improved  ---   ---   --- 
Manufacturing and industrial  ---   ---   --- 
   195   195   --- 
Consumer:            
Residential mortgage  ---   ---   --- 
Unsecured  ---   ---   --- 
Home equity  ---   ---   --- 
Other secured  ---   ---   --- 
   ---   ---   --- 
Total with no related allowance recorded $1,609  $1,609  $--- 
             
With an allowance recorded:            
Commercial and industrial $3,141  $3,141  $568 
             
Commercial real estate:            
Residential developed  181   181   4 
Unsecured to residential developers  ---   ---   --- 
Vacant and unimproved  361   361   12 
Commercial development  ---   ---   --- 
Residential improved  2,212   2,212   88 
Commercial improved  5,609   5,609   139 
Manufacturing and industrial  184   184   1 
   8,547   8,547   244 
Consumer:            
Residential mortgage  6,865   6,846   422 
Unsecured  ---   ---   --- 
Home equity  1,817   1,817   112 
Other secured  ---   ---   --- 
   8,682   8,663   534 
Total with an allowance recorded $20,370  $20,351  $1,346 
Total $21,979  $21,960  $1,346 
-19-

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 – LOANS (Continued)


The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans as of December 31, 20162022 (dollars in thousands):


December 31, 2016
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
  
Recorded
Investment
  
Allowance
Allocated
 
December 31, 2022
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
  
Recorded
Investment
  
Allowance
Allocated
  Year-To-Date Average Recorded Investment 
With no related allowance recorded:                     
Commercial and industrial $2,298  $2,298  $---  $3,278  $3,278  $  $2,338 
Commercial real estate:                
Residential improved  31   31      33 
              31   31      33 
Consumer            
Total with no related allowance recorded $3,309  $3,309  $  $2,371 
                
With an allowance recorded:                
Commercial and industrial $325  $325  $55  $365 
Commercial real estate:                            
Residential developed  ---   ---   --- 
Unsecured to residential developers  ---   ---   --- 
Vacant and unimproved  ---   ---   --- 
Commercial development  ---   ---   --- 
Residential improved  27   27   --- 
Commercial improved  350   350   ---   307   307   9   313 
Manufacturing and industrial  ---   ---   ---   180   180   11   185 
  377   377   ---   487   487   20   498 
Consumer:                            
Residential mortgage  ---   ---   ---   2,653   2,653   202   2,619 
Unsecured  ---   ---   ---   29   29   2   29 
Home equity  ---   ---   ---   204   204   16   234 
Other secured  ---   ---   --- 
  ---   ---   --- 
Total with no related allowance recorded $2,675  $2,675  $--- 
            
With an allowance recorded:            
Commercial and industrial $3,696  $3,696  $605 
            
Commercial real estate:            
Residential developed  187   187   4 
Unsecured to residential developers  ---   ---   --- 
Vacant and unimproved  387   387   9 
Commercial development  189   189   6 
Residential improved  4,687   4,687   216 
Commercial improved  5,879   5,879   128 
Manufacturing and industrial  228   228   5 
  11,557   11,557   368 
Consumer:            
Residential mortgage  7,523   7,523   464 
Unsecured  ---   ---   --- 
Home equity  4,203   4,203   259 
Other secured  ---   ---   --- 
  11,726   11,726   723   2,886   2,886   220   2,882 
Total with an allowance recorded $26,979  $26,979  $1,696  $3,698  $3,698  $295  $3,745 
Total $29,654  $29,654  $1,696  $7,007  $7,007  $295  $6,116 

-20--22-

Index
Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 –LOANS (Continued)


The following table presents information regarding average balances of impaired loans and interest recognized on impaired loans for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in thousands):
  
Three
Months
Ended
September 30,
  
Three
Months
Ended
September 30,
  
Nine
Months
Ended
September 30,
  
Nine
Months
Ended
September 30,
 
  2017  2016  2017  2016 
Average of impaired loans during the period:            
Commercial and industrial $4,047  $5,093  $5,410  $6,489 
                 
Commercial real estate:                
Residential developed  181   126   183   42 
Unsecured to residential developers  ---   ---   ---   --- 
Vacant and unimproved  372   418   338   433 
Commercial development  189   190   189   191 
Residential improved  2,255   5,156   3,002   5,396 
Commercial improved  5,925   6,627   6,026   7,660 
Manufacturing and industrial  185   235   246   237 
                 
Consumer  8,793   12,501   10,366   12,828 
                 
Interest income recognized during impairment:                
Commercial and industrial  179   203   697   740 
Commercial real estate  108   172   360   516 
Consumer  80   112   306   350 
                 
Cash-basis interest income recognized                
Commercial and industrial  177   195   708   746 
Commercial real estate  114   169   363   513 
Consumer  79   111   306   346 
-21-

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


NOTE 3 – LOANS (Continued)

Nonaccrual loans include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually classified impaired loans.  The following tables present the recorded investment in nonaccrual and loans past due over 90 days still on accrual by class of loans as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands):2022:

March 31, 2023 Nonaccrual with No Allowance  Nonaccrual with Allowance  Total Nonaccrual  
Over 90
days
Accruing
  Total Nonperforming Loans 
Commercial and industrial $  $  $  $  $ 
                     
Commercial real estate:                    
Residential developed               
Unsecured to residential developers               
Vacant and unimproved               
Commercial development               
Residential Improved               
Commercial improved               
Manufacturing and industrial               
                
Consumer:                    
Residential mortgage     75   75      75 
Unsecured               
Home equity               
Other secured               
      75   75      75 
Total $  $75  $75  $  $75 

December 31, 2022 Nonaccrual with No Allowance  Nonaccrual with Allowance  Total Nonaccrual  
Over 90
days
Accruing
  Total Nonperforming Loans 
Commercial and industrial $  $  $  $  $ 
                     
Commercial real estate:                    
Residential developed               
Unsecured to residential developers               
Vacant and unimproved               
Commercial development               
Residential improved               
Commercial improved               
Manufacturing and industrial               
                
Consumer:                    
Residential mortgage     78   78      78 
Unsecured               
Home equity               
Other secured               
      78   78      78 
Total $  $78  $78  $  $78 

No interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
Nonaccrual
  
Over 90
days
Accruing
 
       
Commercial and industrial $4  $--- 
         
Commercial real estate:        
Residential developed  ---   --- 
Unsecured to residential developers  ---   --- 
Vacant and unimproved  ---   --- 
Commercial development  239   --- 
Residential improved  91   --- 
Commercial improved  110   --- 
Manufacturing and industrial  ---   --- 
   440   --- 
Consumer:        
Residential mortgage  58   --- 
Unsecured  7   --- 
Home equity  ---   --- 
Other secured  12   --- 
   77   --- 
Total $521  $--- 
 
December 31, 2016
 
Nonaccrual
  
Over 90
days
Accruing
 
       
Commercial and industrial $36  $--- 
         
Commercial real estate:        
Residential developed  ---   --- 
Unsecured to residential developers  ---   --- 
Vacant and unimproved  ---   --- 
Commercial development  49   --- 
Residential improved  6   --- 
Commercial improved  128   --- 
Manufacturing and industrial  ---   --- 
   183   --- 
Consumer:        
Residential mortgage  58   --- 
Unsecured  16   --- 
Home equity  7   --- 
Other secured  ---   --- 
   81   --- 
Total $300  $--- 
-22--23-

Index
Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 –LOANS (Continued)


The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 20162022 by class of loans (dollars in thousands):

September 30, 2017
 
30-90
Days
  
Greater Than
90 Days
  
Total
Past Due
  
Loans Not
Past Due
  Total 
March 31, 2023 
30-90
Days
  
Greater Than
90 Days
  
Total
Past Due
  
Loans Not
Past Due
  Total 
Commercial and industrial $22  $---  $22  $418,816  $418,838  $ $
 $ $473,354 $473,354 
                    
Commercial real estate:                               
Residential developed  ---   ---   ---   9,077   9,077     7,001 7,001 
Unsecured to residential developers  ---   ---   ---   2,410   2,410  
 
 
 
 
 
Vacant and unimproved  308   ---   308   38,369   38,677     38,700 38,700 
Commercial development  ---   239   239   247   486     99 99 
Residential improved  ---   91   91   83,350   83,441     116,177 116,177 
Commercial improved  107   ---   107   295,817   295,924  83  83 255,811 255,894 
Manufacturing and industrial  ---   ---   ---   100,347   100,347         125,477  125,477 
  415   330   745   529,617   530,362   83    83  543,265  543,348 
Consumer:                               
Residential mortgage  ---   56   56   221,773   221,829  120 74 194 148,482 148,676 
Unsecured  ---   ---   ---   254   254     106 106 
Home equity  33   ---   33   82,263   82,296     52,647 52,647 
Other secured  5   11   16   6,442   6,458         2,808  2,808 
  38   67   105   310,732   310,837   120  74  194  204,043  204,237 
Total $475  $397  $872  $1,259,165  $1,260,037  $203 $74 $277 $1,220,662 $1,220,939 


 
December 31, 2016
 
30-90
Days
  
Greater Than
90 Days
  
Total
Past Due
  
Loans Not
Past Due
  Total 
Commercial and industrial $425  $28  $453  $448,889  $449,342 
                     
Commercial real estate:                    
Residential developed  ---   ---   ---   11,970   11,970 
Unsecured to residential developers  ---   ---   ---   4,734   4,734 
Vacant and unimproved  ---   ---   ---   40,286   40,286 
Commercial development  ---   49   49   329   378 
Residential improved  74   5   79   75,269   75,348 
Commercial improved  478   ---   478   289,000   289,478 
Manufacturing and industrial  ---   ---   ---   95,787   95,787 
   552   54   606   517,375   517,981 
Consumer:                    
Residential mortgage  64   56   120   217,494   217,614 
Unsecured  ---   ---   ---   396   396 
Home equity  187   ---   187   87,926   88,113 
Other secured  81   ---   81   7,285   7,366 
   332   56   388   313,101   313,489 
Total $1,309  $138  $1,447  $1,279,365  $1,280,812 
December 31, 2022
 
30-90
Days
  
Greater Than
90 Days
  
Total
Past Due
  
Loans Not
Past Due
  Total 
Commercial and industrial $  $  $  $441,716  $441,716 
Commercial real estate:                    
Residential developed           7,234   7,234 
Unsecured to residential developers
  
   
   
   
   
 
Vacant and unimproved           36,270   36,270 
Commercial development           103   103 
Residential improved           112,791   112,791 
Commercial improved  71      71   259,210   259,281 
Manufacturing and industrial           121,924   121,924 
   71      71   537,532   537,603 
Consumer:                    
Residential mortgage     77   77   139,071   139,148 
Unsecured           121   121 
Home equity  24      24   56,297   56,321 
Other secured           2,839   2,839 
   24   77   101   198,328   198,429 
Total $95  $77  $172  $1,177,576  $1,177,748 
 


-23--24-

Index
Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 –LOANS (Continued)


The
At times, the Company had allocated $1,346,000 and $1,696,000will modify terms of specific reserves to customers whosea loan terms have been modified in troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.  These loans may have involved the restructuring of terms to allow customersthe customer to mitigate the risk of foreclosure by meeting a lower loan payment requirement based upon their current cash flow.  These may also include loans that renewed at existing contractual rates, but below market rates for comparable credit.  The Company has been active at utilizing these programs and working with its customers to reduce the risk of foreclosure.  For commercial loans, these modifications typically include an interest only period and, in some cases, a lowering of the interest rate on the loan.  In some cases, the modification will include separating the note into two notes with the first note structured to be supported by current cash flows and collateral, and the second note made for the remaining unsecured debt.  The second note is charged off immediately and collected only after the first note is paid in full.  This modification type is commonly referred to as an A-B note structure.  For consumer mortgage loans, the restructuring typically includes a lowering of the interest rate to provide payment and cash flow relief.  For each restructuring, a comprehensive credit underwriting analysis of the borrower’s financial condition and prospects of repayment under the revised terms is performed to assess whether the structure can be successful and that cash flows will be sufficient to support the restructured debt.  An analysis is also performed to determine whether the restructured loan should be on accrual status.  Generally, if the loan is on accrual at the time of restructure, it will remain on accrual after the restructuring.  In some cases, a nonaccrual loan may be placed on accrual at restructuring if the loan’s actual payment history demonstrates it would have cash flowed under the restructured terms.  After six consecutive payments under the restructured terms, a nonaccrual restructured loan is reviewed for possible upgrade to accruing status.

In situations where there is a subsequent modification or renewal and the loan is brought to market terms, including a contractual interest rate not less than a market interest rate for new debt with similar credit risk characteristics, the TDR and impaired loan designations may be removed.  In addition, the TDR designation may also be removed from loans modified under an A-B note structure.  If the remaining “A” note is at a market rate at the time of restructuring (taking into account the borrower’s credit risk and prevailing market conditions), the loan can be removed from TDR designation in a subsequent calendar year after six months of performance in accordance with the new terms.  The market rate relative to the borrower’s credit risk is determined through analysis of market pricing information gathered from peers and use of a loan pricing model.  The general objective of the model is to achieve a consistent return on equity from one credit to the next, taking into consideration differences in credit risk.  In the model, credits with higher risk receive a higher potential loss allocation, and therefore require a higher interest rate to achieve the target return on equity.

As with other impairedindividually reviewed loans, an allowance for loan loss is estimated for each TDRsuch modification made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty based on the most likely source of repayment for each loan.  For impaired commercial real estate loans that are collateral dependent, the allowance is computed based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, less estimated costs to sell.  For impairedindividually reviewed commercial loans where repayment is expected from cash flows from business operations, the allowance is computed based on a discounted cash flow computation.  Certain groups of TDRs,such loans, such as residential mortgages, have common characteristics and for them the allowance is computed based on a discounted cash flow computation on the change in weighted rate for the pool.  The allowance allocations for commercial TDRsmodifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty where we have reduced the contractual interest rate are computed by measuring cash flows using the new payment terms discounted at the original contractual rate.


The following table presents information regarding troubled debt restructuringsmodifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as of September 30, 2017 and DecemberMarch 31, 20162023 (dollars in thousands):

 September 30, 2017  December 31, 2016  March 31, 2023 
 
Number of
Loans
  
Outstanding
Recorded
Balance
  
Number of
Loans
  
Outstanding
Recorded
Balance
  
Number of
Loans
  
Outstanding
Recorded
Balance
  
Percentage to
Total
Loans
 
Commercial and industrial  20  $4,555   25  $5,994   3  $309   0.07%
Commercial real estate  38   8,742   49   11,933   3   509   0.09%
Consumer  103   8,663   116   12,059   32   2,847   1.39%
  161  $21,960   190  $29,986   38  $3,665   0.30%
 
-24--25-

Index
Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 –LOANS (Continued)


TheThe following table presents information related to accruing troubled debt restructuringsmodifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as of September 30, 2017 and DecemberMarch 31, 2016.2023.  The table presents the amount of accruing troubled debt restructuringsmodifications that were on nonaccrual status prior to the restructuring,modification, accruing at the time of restructuringmodification and those that were upgraded to accruing status after receiving six consecutive monthly payments in accordance with the restructuredmodified terms as of eachthe period reported (dollars in thousands):


  
September 30,
2017
  
December 31,
2016
 
Accruing TDR - nonaccrual at restructuring $---  $--- 
Accruing TDR - accruing at restructuring  18,526   25,665 
Accruing TDR - upgraded to accruing after six consecutive payments  3,057   4,172 
  $21,583  $29,837 
  
March 31,
2023
 
Accruing - nonaccrual at modification
 $ 
Accruing - accruing at modification
  3,665 
Accruing - upgraded to accruing after six consecutive payments   
  $3,665 


The following tables present information regarding troubled debt restructurings executedThere were no modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three month period ended March 31, 2023.

There were no defaults on loans with modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three month periods ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and 2016 (dollars in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
2017
  
Three Months Ended September 30,
2016
 
 # of
Loans
    
Pre-TDR
Balance
   
Writedown
Upon
TDR
       
# of
Loans
    
Pre-TDR
Balance
   
Writedown
Upon
TDR
   
Commercial and industrial  ---  $---  $---   ---  $---  $--- 
Commercial real estate  ---   ---   ---   1   59   --- 
Consumer  2   222   ---   ---   ---   --- 
   2   222  $---   1  $59  $--- 

The following tables present information regarding troubled debt restructurings executed during the nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in thousands):

Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017
    
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2016
  
  
# of
Loans
 
Pre-TDR
Balance
 
Writedown
Upon
TDR
  
# of
Loans
 
Pre-TDR
Balance
 
Writedown
Upon
TDR
 
Commercial and industrial  ---  $---  $---   ---  $---  $--- 
Commercial real estate  1   1,018   ---   1   59   --- 
Consumer  4   396   ---   6   277   --- 
   5   1,414  $---   7  $336  $--- 

According to the accounting standards, not all loan modifications are TDRs.  TDRs are modifications or renewals where the Company has granted a concession to a borrower in financial distress.  The Company reviews all modifications and renewals for determination of TDR status.  In some situations a borrower may be experiencing financial distress, but the Company does not provide a concession.  These modifications are not considered TDRs.  In other cases, the Company might provide a concession, such as a reduction in interest rate, but the borrower is not experiencing financial distress.  This could be the case if the Company is matching a competitor’s interest rate.  These modifications would also not be considered TDRs.  Finally, any renewals at existing terms for borrowers not experiencing financial distress would not be considered TDRs.  As with other loans not considered TDR or impaired, allowance allocations are based on the historical based allocation for the applicable loan grade and loan class.

Payment defaults on TDRs have been minimal and during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the balance of loans that became delinquent by more than 90 days past due or that were transferred to nonaccrual within 12 months of restructuringmodification were not material.material.
 
-25--26-

Index
Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 –LOANS (Continued)


Credit Quality Indicators:The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of the borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors.  The Company analyzes commercial loans individually and classifies these relationships by credit risk grading.  The Company uses an eight point grading system, with grades 5 through 8 being considered classified, or watch, credits.  The higher the risk grade, the stronger likelihood of loss.  At grade 7, a loan is placed on nonaccrual status.  All commercial loans are assigned a grade at origination, at each renewal or any amendment.  When a credit is first downgraded to a watch credit (either through renewal, amendment, loan officer identification or the loan review process), an Administrative Loan Review (“ALR”) is generated by the credit department and the loan officer.  All watch credits have an ALR completed quarterly which analyzes the collateral position and cash flow of the borrower and its guarantors.  Management meets quarterly with loan officers to discuss each of these credits in detail and to help formulate solutions where progress has stalled.  When necessary, the loan officer proposes changes to the assigned loan grade as part of the ALR.  Additionally, Loan Review reviews all loan grades upon origination, renewal or amendment and again as loans are selected though the loan review process.  The credit will stay on the ALR until either its grade has improved to a 4 or the credit relationship is at a zero balance.  The Company uses the following definitions for the risk grades:grades in ascending order of likelihood of loss:


1. Excellent - Loans supported by extremely strong financial condition or secured by the Bank’s own deposits. Minimal risk to the Bank and the probability of serious rapid financial deterioration is extremely small.


2. Above Average - Loans supported by sound financial statements that indicate the ability to repay or borrowings secured (and margined properly) with marketable securities. Nominal risk to the Bank and probability of serious financial deterioration is highly unlikely. The overall quality of these credits is very high.


3. Good Quality - Loans supported by satisfactory asset quality and liquidity, good debt capacity coverage, and good management in all critical positions. Loans are secured by acceptable collateral with adequate margins. There is a slight risk of deterioration if adverse market conditions prevail.


4. Acceptable Risk - Loans carrying an acceptable risk to the Bank, which may be slightly below average quality. The borrower has limited financial strength with considerable leverage. There is some probability of deterioration if adverse market conditions prevail. These credits should be monitored closely by the Relationship Manager.


5. Marginally Acceptable - Loans are of marginal quality with above normal risk to the Bank. The borrower shows acceptable asset quality but very little liquidity with high leverage. There is inconsistent earning performance without the ability to sustain adverse market conditions. The primary source of repayment is questionable, but the secondary source of repayment still remains an option. Very close attention by the Relationship Manager and management is needed.


6. Substandard - Loans are inadequately protected by the net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or the collateral pledged. The primary and secondary sources of repayment are questionable. Heavy debt condition may be evident and volume and earnings deterioration may be underway. It is possible that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not immediately addressed and corrected.


7. Doubtful - Loans supported by weak or no financial statements, as well as the ability to repay the entire loan, are questionable. Loans in this category are normally characterized less than adequate collateral, insolvent, or extremely weak financial condition. A loan classified doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses makes collection or liquidation in full highly questionable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, however, activity may be underway to minimize the loss or maximize the recovery.


8. Loss - Loans are considered uncollectible and of little or no value as a bank asset.

 
-26--27-

Index
Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 –LOANS (Continued)


As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016,2022, the risk grade category of commercial loans by class of loans were as follows (dollars in thousands):

September 30, 2017
  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8 Total 
December 31, 2022
  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8  Total 
Commercial and industrial $---  $15,104  $103,220  $281,082  $15,603  $3,825  $4  $---  $418,838  $15,040 $21,451 $175,762 $220,987 $8,309 $167 $ $ $441,716 
                                                       
Commercial real estate:                                                       
Residential developed  ---   ---   1,173   7,119   785   ---   ---   ---   9,077     7,234     7,234 
Unsecured to residential developers  ---   ---   ---   2,410   ---   ---   ---   ---   2,410  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vacant and unimproved  ---   ---   16,252   18,975   3,450   ---   ---   ---   38,677   1,231 18,406 16,633     36,270 
Commercial development  ---   ---   110   137   ---   ---   239   ---   486    103      103 
Residential improved  ---   ---   5,218   75,297   1,579   1,256   91   ---   83,441    25,585 87,176 30    112,791 
Commercial improved  ---   1,287   63,600   226,190   3,798   939   110   ---   295,924   17,802 83,769 151,641 5,762 307   259,281 
Manufacturing & industrial  ---   961   44,416   52,150   2,301   519   ---   ---   100,347     11,422  32,977  73,566  1,646  2,313      121,924 
 $---  $17,352  $233,989  $663,360  $27,516  $6,539  $444  $---  $949,200  $15,040 $51,906 $336,602 $557,237 $15,747 $2,787 $ $ $979,319 



December 31, 2016
  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8  Total 
Commercial and industrial $---  $27,619  $118,243  $282,527  $14,610  $6,307  $36  $---  $449,342 
                                     
Commercial real estate:                                    
Residential developed  ---   ---   2,328   8,786   856   ---   ---   ---   11,970 
Unsecured to residential developers  ---   ---   ---   4,734   ---   ---   ---   ---   4,734 
Vacant and unimproved  ---   ---   17,672   19,028   3,586   ---   ---   ---   40,286 
Commercial development  ---   ---   ---   140   ---   189   49   ---   378 
Residential improved  ---   ---   7,100   63,957   2,628   1,657   6   ---   75,348 
Commercial improved  ---   2,433   66,259   210,449   9,084   1,125   128   ---   289,478 
Manufacturing & industrial  ---   1,665   38,719   51,718   3,076   609   ---   ---   95,787 
  $---  $31,717  $250,321  $641,339  $33,840  $9,887  $219  $---  $967,323 

-28-
Commercial
Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 3 –LOANS (Continued)

The following table summarizes loan ratings by grade for commercial loans rated a 6 or worse per the Company’s internal risk rating system are considered substandard, doubtful or loss. Commercial loans classified as substandard or worse were as follows at period-end (dollars in thousands):


  
September 30,
2017
  
December 31,
2016
 
Not classified as impaired $1,247  $2,608 
Classified as impaired  5,736   7,498 
Total commercial loans classified substandard or worse $6,983  $10,106 
  Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis By Origination Year and Risk Grades       
March 31, 2023 2023  2022  2021  2020  2019  Prior  Revolving  Total 
Commercial                        
Commercial and industrial                        
Grades 1-3 $14,305  $60,752  $18,955  $7,346  $14,878  $47,073  $70,542  $233,851 
Grade 4  12,017   46,095   24,990   26,313   10,486   30,408   77,814   228,123 
Grade 5     342   43   407   99   115   10,246   11,252 
Grade 6     41   49         38      128 
Grade 7-8                        
  $26,322  $107,230  $44,037  $34,066  $25,463  $77,634  $158,602  $473,354 
Commercial development                                
Grades 1-3 $  $99  $  $  $  $  $  $99 
Grade 4                        
Grade 5                        
Grade 6                        
Grade 7-8                        
  $  $99  $  $  $  $  $  $99 
Commercial improved                                
Grades 1-3 $6,992  $18,654  $33,327  $10,894  $14,484  $17,925  $2,915  $105,191 
Grade 4  1,778   37,516   37,376   43,647   17,937   3,321   3,200   144,775 
Grade 5     148      29   2,227   3,171   50   5,625 
Grade 6        303               303 
Grade 7-8                        
  $8,770  $56,318  $71,006  $54,570  $34,648  $24,417  $6,165  $255,894 
Manufacturing and industrial                                
Grades 1-3 $786  $17,839  $4,829  $8,562  $4,370  $7,459  $430  $44,275 
Grade 4  6,709   27,464   15,090   7,933   5,805   14,188   145   77,334 
Grade 5     177   94         810   495   1,576 
Grade 6                 2,292      2,292 
Grade 7-8                        
  $7,495  $45,480  $20,013  $16,495  $10,175  $24,749  $1,070  $125,477 
Residential development                                
Grades 1-3 $  $  $  $  $  $  $  $ 
Grade 4  322   3,837   1,455            1,387   7,001 
Grade 5                        
Grade 6                        
Grade 7-8                        
  $322  $3,837  $1,455  $  $  $  $1,387  $7,001 
Residential improved                                
Grades 1-3 $4,587  $7,574  $1,442  $9,544  $258  $5,442  $401  $29,248 
Grade 4  4,037   568   30,241   1,988   7,233   15,710   27,122   86,899 
Grade 5        30               30 
Grade 6                        
Grade 7-8                        
  $8,624  $8,142  $31,713  $11,532  $7,491  $21,152  $27,523  $116,177 
Vacant and unimproved                                
Grades 1-3 $  $4,503  $7,725  $7,210  $  $110  $646  $20,194 
Grade 4  952   2,897   3,721   8,332   163   117   982   17,164 
Grade 5  1,342                     1,342 
Grade 6                        
Grade 7-8                        
  $2,294  $7,400  $11,446  $15,542  $163  $227  $1,628  $38,700 
                                 
Total Commercial      
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
Grades 1-3 $26,670  $109,421  $66,278  $43,556  $33,990  $78,009  $74,934  $432,858 
Grade 4  25,815   118,377   112,873   88,213   41,624   63,744   110,650   561,296 
Grade 5  1,342   667   167   436   2,326   4,096   10,791   19,825 
Grade 6     41   352         2,330      2,723 
Grade 7-8                        
  $53,827  $228,506  $179,670  $132,205  $77,940  $148,179  $196,375  $1,016,702 

-27--29-

Index
Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 –LOANS (Continued)


The Company considers the performance of the loan portfolio and its impact on the allowance for loancredit losses. For consumer loan classes, the Company also evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by payment activity. The following table presents the recorded investment in consumer loans by year of origination and based on payment activitydelinquency status at March 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

September 30, 2017
 
Residential
Mortgage
  
Consumer
Unsecured
  
Home
Equity
  
Consumer
Other
 
Performing $221,773  $254  $82,296  $6,447 
Nonperforming  56   ---   ---   11 
Total $221,829  $254  $82,296  $6,458 


December 31, 2016
 
Residential
Mortgage
  
Consumer
Unsecured
  
Home
Equity
  
Consumer
Other
 
 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis By Origination Year       
March 31, 2023 2023  2022  2021  2020  2019  Prior  Revolving  Total 
Retail                        
Residential mortgage                        
Performing $217,558  $396  $88,113  $7,366  $17,336  $42,826  $27,298  $10,419  $5,322  $33,520  $11,880  $148,601 
Nonperforming  56   ---   ---   ---                  75      75 
Total $217,614  $396  $88,113  $7,366 
 $17,336  $42,826  $27,298  $10,419  $5,322  $33,595  $11,880  $148,676 
Consumer unsecured                        
Performing $  $  $  $13  $15  $26  $52  $106 
Nonperforming                        
 $  $  $  $13  $15  $26  $52  $106 
Home equity                        
Performing $71  $901  $233  $489  $249  $2,324  $48,380  $52,647 
Nonperforming                        
 $71  $901  $233  $489  $249  $2,324  $48,380  $52,647 
Other                        
Performing $304  $1,133  $687  $360  $100  $224  $  $2,808 
Nonperforming                        
 $304  $1,133  $687  $360  $100  $224  $  $2,808 
                        
Total Retail $17,711  $44,860  $28,218  $11,281  $5,686  $36,169  $60,312  $204,237 


The following table presents the recorded investment in consumer loans based on payment status at December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

December 31, 2022
 
Residential
Mortgage
  
Consumer
Unsecured
  
Home
Equity
  
Consumer
Other
 
Performing $139,071  $121  $56,321  $2,839 
Nonperforming  77          
Total $139,148  $121  $56,321  $2,839 

-30-

Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 4 – OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED

Other real estate owned was as follows (dollars in thousands):

  
Nine
Months Ended
September 30,
2017
  
Year
Ended
December 31,
2016
  
Nine
Months Ended
September 30,
2016
 
Beginning balance $22,864  $28,377  $28,377 
Additions, transfers from loans  60   339   102 
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned  (6,227)  (5,339)  (4,155)
Valuation allowance reversal upon sale  (7,003)  (1,158)  (533)
Gain on sales of other real estate owned  660   645   365 
   10,354   22,864   24,156 
Less: valuation allowance  (3,693)  (10,611)  (11,046)
Ending balance $6,661  $12,253  $13,110 
Activity in the valuation allowance was as follows (dollars in thousands):
  
Nine
Months Ended
September 30,
2017
  
Nine
Months Ended
September 30,
2016
 
Beginning balance $10,611  $10,805 
Additions charged to expense  85   774 
Reversals upon sale  (7,003)  (533)
Ending balance $3,693  $11,046 
-28-

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 5 – FAIR VALUE


ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value include:



Level 1:Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.


Level 2:Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.


Level 3:Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity'sentity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.


Investment Securities:Securities: The fair values of investment securities are determined by matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities'securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs). The fair values of certain securities held to maturity are determined by computing discounted cash flows using observable and unobservable market inputs (Level 3 inputs).


Loans Held for Sale:
Sale: The fair value of loans held for sale is based upon binding quotes from third party investors (Level 2 inputs).


Impaired Loans: Loans identified as impaired are measured using one of three methods: the loan’s observable market price, the fair value of collateral or the present value of expected future cash flows.  For each period presented, no impaired loans were measured using the loan’s observable market price. If an impaired loan has had a chargeoffcharge-off or if the fair value of the collateral is less than the recorded investment in the loan, we establish a specific reserve and report the loan as nonrecurring Level 3. The fair value of collateral of impaired loans is generally based on recent real estate appraisals.appraisals, less costs to sell. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.


Other Real Estate Owned: Other real estate owned (OREO) properties are initially recorded at fair value, less estimated costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis.  Adjustments to OREO are measured at fair value, less costs to sell. Fair values are generally based on third party appraisals or realtor evaluations of the property. These appraisals and evaluations may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach.  Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification. In cases where the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, less estimated costs to sell, an impairment loss is recognized through a valuation allowance, and the property is reported as nonrecurring Level 3.


Interest Rate Swaps:Swaps: For interest rate swap agreements, we measure fair value utilizing pricing provided by a third-party pricing source that that uses market observable inputs, such as forecasted yield curves, and other unobservable inputs and accordingly, interest rate swap agreements are classified as Level 3.

-29--31-

Index
Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 54 – FAIR VALUE (Continued)


Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands):

 Fair  
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
  
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
  
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
  Fair  
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
  
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
  
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
 
 Value  (Level 1)  (Level 2)  (Level 3)  Value
  (Level 1)
  (Level 2)
  (Level 3)
 
September 30, 2017
            
March 31, 2023
            
Available for sale securities            
U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities $97,735  $---  $97,735  $---  $241,858  $  $241,858  $ 
U.S. Agency MBS and CMOs  20,133   ---   20,133   ---   122,244      122,244    
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds  41,799   ---   41,799   ---   36,949      36,949    
Taxable state and municipal bonds  42,874   ---   42,874   ---   113,137      113,137    
Corporate bonds and other debt securities  10,161   ---   10,161   ---   11,771      11,771    
Other equity securities  1,480   ---   1,480   ---   1,321      1,321    
Loans held for sale  2,199   ---   2,199   ---   87      87    
Interest rate swaps  351   ---   ---   351   5,294      5,294    
Total assets measured at fair value on recurring basis $532,661  $  $532,661  $ 
                
Interest rate swaps  (351)  ---   ---   (351)  (5,294)     (5,294)   
Total liabilities measured at fair value on recurring basis $(5,294) $  $(5,294) $ 
                                
December 31, 2016
                
December 31, 2022
                
Available for sale securities                
U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities $84,350  $---  $84,350  $---  $224,634  $  $224,634  $ 
U.S. Agency MBS and CMOs  11,817   ---   11,817   ---   113,818      113,818    
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds  39,187   ---   39,187   ---   36,710      36,710    
Taxable state and municipal bonds  33,883   ---   33,883   ---   112,171      112,171    
Corporate bonds and other debt securities  13,726   ---   13,726   ---   11,924      11,924    
Other equity securities  1,470   ---   1,470   ---   1,304      1,304    
Loans held for sale  2,181   ---   2,181   ---   215      215    
Interest rate swaps  494   ---   ---   494   6,463      6,463    
Total assets measured at fair value on recurring basis $507,239  $  $507,239  $ 
                
Interest rate swaps  (494)  ---   ---   (494)  (6,463)     (6,463)   
Total liabilities measured at fair value on recurring basis $(6,463) $  $(6,463) $ 


Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands):


  Fair  
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
  
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
  
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
 
  Value  (Level 1)  (Level 2)  (Level 3) 
September 30, 2017
            
Impaired loans $2,775  $---  $---  $2,775 
Other real estate owned  4,631   ---   ---   4,631 
                 
December 31, 2016
                
Impaired loans $3,436  $---  $---  $3,436 
Other real estate owned  9,542   ---   ---   9,542 
 
 Fair  
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
  
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
  
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
 
  Value
  (Level 1)
  (Level 2)
  (Level 3)
 
March 31, 2023
            
Collateral dependent loans
 $327
  $
  $
  $327
 
                 
December 31, 2022
                
Impaired loans $328  $  $  $328 

-30--32-

Index
Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 54 – FAIR VALUE (Continued)


Quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements measured on a non-recurring basis was as follows at period end (dollars in thousands):


  
Asset
Fair
Value
 
Valuation
Technique
 
Unobservable
Inputs
 Range (%)
September 30, 2017
           
Impaired Loans $2,775 Sales comparison approach Adjustment for differences between comparable sales  4.0 to 15.0
     Income approach Capitalization rate  9.5 to 11.0
                 
Other real estate owned  4,631 Sales comparison approach Adjustment for differences between comparable sales  3.0 to 22.0
     Income approach Capitalization rate  9.5 to 11.0
                 

 
Asset Fair
Value
 
Valuation
Technique
 
Unobservable
Inputs
 Range (%)
March 31, 2023         
Collateral dependent loans
 $327 Sales comparison approach 
Adjustment for differences
between comparable sales
 1.5 to 20.0
     Income approach Capitalization rate 9.5 to 11.0


  
Asset
Fair
Value
 
Valuation
Technique
 
Unobservable
Inputs
 Range (%)
December 31, 2016
             
Impaired Loans $3,436 Sales comparison approach Adjustment for differences between comparable sales  1.0 to 35.0
     Income approach Capitalization rate  9.5 to 11.5
                 
Other real estate owned  9,542 Sales comparison approach Adjustment for differences between comparable sales  2.0 to 32.5
     Income approach Capitalization rate  9.5 to 11.5

 
Asset Fair
Value
 
Valuation
Technique
 
Unobservable
Inputs
 Range (%)
December 31, 2022         
Impaired Loans $328 Sales comparison approach 
Adjustment for differences
between comparable sales
 1.5 to 20.0
     Income approach Capitalization rate 9.5 to 11.0

-31-

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 5 – FAIR VALUE (Continued)

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments, not previously presented, were as follows at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 20162022 (dollars in thousands):


 
Level in
Fair Value
Hierarchy 
  September 30, 2017  December 31, 2016 
Carrying
Amount
  
Fair
Value
  
Carrying
Amount
  
Fair
Value
 
Financial assets             
Cash and due from banksLevel 1 $28,318  $28,318  $27,690  $27,690 
Cash equivalentsLevel 2  131,571   131,571   62,129   62,129 
Securities held to maturityLevel 3  61,927   62,854   69,378   69,849 
FHLB stock   11,558  NA   11,558  NA 
Loans, netLevel 2  1,240,828   1,237,274   1,260,414   1,247,842 
Bank owned life insuranceLevel 3  40,042   40,042   39,274   39,274 
Accrued interest receivableLevel 2  4,532   4,532   4,092   4,092 
                  
Financial liabilities                 
DepositsLevel 2  (1,506,178)  (1,506,115)  (1,448,724)  (1,448,692)
Other borrowed fundsLevel 2  (72,118)  (71,946)  (84,173)  (84,051)
Long-term debtLevel 2  (41,238)  (36,562)  (41,238)  (36,112)
Accrued interest payableLevel 2  (545)  (545)  (282)  (282)
                  
Off-balance sheet credit-related items                 
Loan commitments   ---   ---   ---   --- 



Level in March 31, 2023  December 31, 2022 
 
Fair Value
Hierarchy
 
Carrying
Amount
  
Fair
Value
  
Carrying
Amount
  
Fair
Value
 
Financial assets             
Cash and due from banksLevel 1
 $29,402  $29,402  $51,215  $51,215 
Federal funds sold and other short-term investments
Level 1
  391,336   391,336   703,955   703,955 
Securities held to maturity - U.S. TreasuryLevel 2  251,286   240,012   251,307   237,630 
Securities held to maturity - tax-exempt and muniLevel 3
  97,101   95,547   97,458   95,020 
FHLB stock Level 3
  10,211   10,211   10,211   10,211 
Loans, net Level 2
  1,203,818   1,185,925   1,162,135   1,131,387 
Bank owned life insurance Level 3
  53,557   53,557   53,345   53,345 
Accrued interest receivable Level 2
  8,782   8,782   7,606   7,606 
Financial liabilities                 
Deposits Level 2
  (2,330,895)  (2,331,330)  (2,615,142)  (2,615,860)
Other borrowed funds Level 2
  (30,000)  (28,824)  (30,000)  (28,666)
Accrued interest payable Level 2  (228)  (228)  (114)  (114)
Off-balance sheet credit-related items                 
Loan commitments             

The methods and assumptions used to estimate fair value are described as follows.

Carrying amount is the estimated fair value for cash and cash equivalents, bank owned life insurance, accrued interest receivable and payable, demand deposits, short-term borrowings and variable rate loans or deposits that reprice frequently and fully. Security fair values are determined by matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities as discussed above. For fixed rate loans, interest-bearing time deposits in other financial institutions, or deposits and for variable rate loans or deposits with infrequent repricing or repricing limits, fair value is based on discounted cash flows using current market rates applied to the estimated life and credit risk (including consideration of widening credit spreads). Fair value of debt is based on current rates for similar financing. It was not practicable to determine the fair value of FHLB stock due to restrictions placed on its transferability.transferability, so fair value approximates its cost. The fair value of off-balance sheet credit-related items is not significant.

The estimated fair values of financial instruments disclosed above as follow the guidance in ASU 2016-01 which prescribes an “exit price” approach in estimating and disclosing fair value of financial instruments incorporating discounts for credit, liquidity and marketability factors.

-32--33-

Index
Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATIONNOTE 5 - DERIVATIVES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and result from a service provided to certain commercial loan borrowers. The Company executes interest rate swaps with commercial banking customers desiring longer-term fixed rate loans, while simultaneously entering into interest rate swaps with a correspondent bank to offset the impact of the interest rate swaps with the commercial banking customers. The net result is the desired floating rate loans and a minimization of the risk exposure of the interest rate swap transactions. As the interest rate swaps associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the commercial banking customer interest rate swaps and the offsetting interest rate swaps with the correspondent bank are recognized directly to earnings. Since they offset perfectly, there is no net impact to earnings.


NOTE 6 – PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT – NET

PremisesThe notional and equipment werefair value of derivative instruments as followsof March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are reflected in the following table (dollars in thousands):

  
September 30,
2017
  
December 31,
2016
 
Land $16,384  $18,227 
Building  43,625   43,600 
Leasehold improvements  782   779 
Furniture and equipment  21,243   20,576 
Construction in progress  240   358 
   82,274   83,540 
Less accumulated depreciation  (35,452)  (33,514)
  $46,822  $50,026 
  Notional Amount Balance Sheet Location Fair Value 
March 31, 2023
       
Derivative assets       
Interest rate swaps $57,560
 Other Assets $5,294
 
          
Derivative liabilities         
Interest rate swaps  57,560
 Other Liabilities  5,294
 


  Notional Amount Balance Sheet Location Fair Value 
December 31, 2022
         
Derivative assets         
Interest rate swaps $62,661
 Other Assets $6,463
 
          
Derivative liabilities         
Interest rate swaps  62,661
 Other Liabilities  6,463
 

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company sold land parcels that had been held for several years as sites for future branch expansion.  One location was in northwest Grand Rapids (Walker) and was sold for $590,000, resultingThe fair value of interest rate swaps in a net loss on saleliability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk related to these agreements, was $5.3 million and $6.5 million as of $70,000.March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The other location wasBank has a master netting arrangement with the correspondent bank and has the right to offset, however it has elected to present the assets and liabilities gross. The Bank is required to pledge collateral to the correspondent bank equal to or in southwest Grand Rapids (Metro Village)excess of the net liability position. Securities pledged as collateral totaling $1.8 million and was sold for $1.2$1.7 million resulting in a net loss on salewere provided to the counterparty correspondent bank as of $176,000.  These losses are included in other noninterest income inMarch 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Interest rate swaps entered into with commercial loan customers had notional amounts aggregating $57.6 million as of March 31, 2023 and $62.7 million at December 31, 2022. Associated credit exposure is generally mitigated by securing the Consolidated Statementsinterest rate swaps with the underlying collateral of Income for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017.loan instrument that has been hedged.

-34-

Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 76 – DEPOSITS


Deposits are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):
  
September 30,
2017
  
December 31,
2016
 
Noninterest-bearing demand $497,310  $501,478 
Interest bearing demand  351,742   340,715 
Savings and money market accounts  564,883   532,853 
Certificates of deposit  92,243   73,678 
  $1,506,178  $1,448,724 


  
March 31,
2023
  
December 31,
2022
 
Noninterest-bearing demand $690,444  $834,879 
Interest bearing demand  608,967   760,889 
Savings and money market accounts  858,895   922,418 
Certificates of deposit  172,589   96,956 
  $2,330,895  $2,615,142 

Time deposits that exceedexceeded the FDIC insurance limit of $250,000 were approximately $28.1$56.1 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and $17.4$29.7 million at December 31, 2016.2022.

-33-

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 87 - OTHER BORROWED FUNDS


Other borrowed funds include advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank and borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank.


Federal Home Loan Bank Advances


At period-end, advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank were as follows (dollars in thousands):


Principal Terms
   
Advance
Amount
 
 
Range of Maturities
   
Weighted
Average
Interest Rate
  
Advance
Amount
 Range of Maturities 
Weighted
Average
Interest Rate
 
September 30, 2017     
March 31, 2023       
Single maturity fixed rate advances $70,000 February 2018 to April 2021  1.59% $10,000 
February 2024
  2.63%
Amortizable mortgage advances  2,118 March 2018 to July 2018  3.78%
Putable advances  20,000 
November 2024
  1.81%
 $72,118       $30,000      

Principal Terms
   
Advance
Amount
 
 
Range of Maturities
   
Weighted
Average
Interest Rate
  
Advance
Amount
 Range of Maturities 
Weighted
Average
Interest Rate
 
December 31, 2016     
December 31, 2022       
Single maturity fixed rate advances $80,000 February 2018 to April 2021  1.60% $10,000 
February 2024
  2.63%
Amortizable mortgage advances  4,173 March 2018 to July 2018  3.78%
Putable advances  20,000 
November 2024
  1.81%
 $84,173       $30,000      

Each advance is subject to a prepayment fee if paid prior to its maturity date. Fixed rate advances are payable at maturity. Amortizable mortgage advances are fixed rate advances with scheduled repayments based upon amortization to maturity. These advances were collateralized by residential and commercial real estate loans totaling $443.5$453.2 million and $425.0$446.1 million under a blanket lien arrangement at September 30, 2017 March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2016,2022, respectively. The remaining $20.0 million putable advance at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 had a one-time put option on November 13, 2020. The FHLB did not exercise this option.
-34--35-

Index
Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)



NOTE 87 - OTHER BORROWED FUNDS (Continued)


Scheduled repayments of FHLB advances as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2023  were as follows (in thousands):


2017 $--- 
2018  52,118 
2019  10,000 
2020  --- 
2021  10,000 
Thereafter  --- 
  $72,118 
2023
 $ 
2024
  30,000 
2025
   
2026
   
2027
   
Thereafter
   
  $30,000 


Federal Reserve Bank borrowings


The Company has a financing arrangement with the Federal Reserve Bank. There were no borrowings outstanding at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2016,2022, and the Company had approximately $12.6$1.5 million and $18.1$5.5 million in unused borrowing capacity based on commercial and mortgage loans pledged to the Federal Reserve Bank totaling $15.1$1.6 million and $20.7$5.8 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2016,2022, respectively. In March 2023, the Federal Reserve Bank implemented a new lending facility called the Bank Term Funding Program.  This program allows a bank to borrow against its investment portfolio, at par value, with no reduction for unrealized losses. The term is for one year and interest rate is fixed at the time the advance is taken and there is no prepayment penalty.  Allowable investments for pledge are those the Federal Reserve Bank can own. This would include all of the Company’s investments except municipal securities and corporate bonds. At March 31, 2023, the Company had no advances under this program and had $642.2 million in unused borrowing capacity under this program.  The program expires on March 11, 2024.


NOTE 98 - EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE


A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and 20162022 are as follows (dollars in thousands, except per share data):
 
  
Three Months
Ended
September 30,
2017
  
Three Months
Ended
September 30,
2016
  
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2017
  
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2016
 
Net income available to common shares $4,875  $4,604  $14,098  $11,844 
                 
Weighted average shares outstanding, including participating stock awards - Basic
  33,942,248   33,921,599   33,942,318   33,923,067 
                 
Dilutive potential common shares:                
Stock options  5,021   ---   6,101   --- 
Stock warrants  ---   ---   ---   --- 
Weighted average shares outstanding - Diluted
  33,947,269   33,921,599   33,948,419   33,923,067 
Basic earnings per common share $0.14  $0.14  $0.42  $0.35 
Diluted earnings per common share $0.14  $0.14  $0.42  $0.35 

Stock options for 100,896 shares of common stock for both the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, were not considered in computing diluted earnings per share because they were antidilutive.
  
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2023
  
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2022
 
Net income available to common shares $12,004  $6,000 
Weighted average shares outstanding, including participating stock awards - Basic  34,297,221   34,254,772 
Dilutive potential common shares:        
Stock options      
Weighted average shares outstanding - Diluted  34,297,221   34,254,772 
Basic earnings per common share $0.35  $0.18 
Diluted earnings per common share $0.35  $0.18 

There were no antidilutive shares of common stock in the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017.March 31, 2023 and 2022.

-35--36-

Index
Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


NOTE 109 - FEDERAL INCOME TAXES


Income tax expense was as follows (dollars in thousands):


 
Three Months
Ended
September 30,
2017
  
Three Months
Ended
September 30,
2016
  
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2017
  
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2016
  
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2023
  
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2022
 
Current $2,261  $1,370  $4,004  $4,596  $2,825  $935 
Deferred  (104)  (20)  2,249   (167)  150  456 
 $2,157  $1,350  $6,253  $4,429  $2,975  $1,391 


The difference between the financial statement tax expense and amount computed by applying the statutory federal tax rate to pretax income was reconciled as follows (dollars in thousands):


 
Three Months
Ended
September 30,
2017
  
Three Months
Ended
September 30,
2016
  
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2017
  
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2016
  
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2023
  
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2022
 
Statutory rate  35%  35%  35%  35%  21%  21%
Statutory rate applied to income before taxes $2,461  $2,083  $7,123  $5,695  $3,146  $1,552 
Deduct                        
Tax-exempt interest income  (195)  (154)  (564)  (451)  (147)  (154)
Bank-owned life insurance  (88)  (51)  (256)  (262)  (42)  (50)
Tax return credits and other adjustments  (5)  (512)  (5)  (512)
Other, net  (16)  (16)  (45)  (41)  18   43 
 $2,157  $1,350  $6,253  $4,429  $2,975  $1,391 


The realization of deferred tax assets (net of a recorded valuation allowance) is largely dependent upon future taxable income, future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and the ability to carryback losses to available tax years. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we consider positive and negative evidence, including taxable income in carry-back years, scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, expected future taxable income and tax planning strategies.  No valuation allowance was necessaryManagement believes it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets at September 30, 2017 or DecemberMarch 31, 2016.
-36-

2023 will be realized against deferred tax liabilities and projected future taxable income.
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


NOTE 10 - FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
(Continued)


The net deferred tax asset recorded included the following amounts of deferred tax assets and liabilities (dollars in thousands):

 
September 30,
2017
  
December 31,
2016
  
March 31,
2023
  
December 31,
2022
 
Deferred tax assets            
Allowance for loan losses $5,752  $5,937  $3,527  $3,210 
Net deferred loan fees      
Nonaccrual loan interest  598   718   12   12 
Valuation allowance on other real estate owned  1,292   3,714       
Unrealized loss on securities available for sale  177   799 
Unrealized loss on securities available for sale and transferred to held to maturity
  
6,980
   
8,394
 
Other  539   176   297   257 
Gross deferred tax assets  8,358   11,344   10,816   11,873 
Valuation allowance  ---   ---       
Total net deferred tax assets  8,358   11,344   10,816   11,873 
        
Deferred tax liabilities                
Depreciation  (1,608)  (1,705)  (1,104)  (1,098)
Net deferred loan fees  (20)  (309)
Prepaid expenses  (349)  (399)  (309)  (21)
Other  (409)  (377)  (912)  (733)
Gross deferred tax liabilities  (2,366)  (2,481)  (2,345)  (2,161)
Net deferred tax asset $5,992  $8,863  $8,471  $9,712 


There were no unrecognized tax benefits at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 or December 31, 20162022 and the Company does not expect the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits to significantly increase or decrease in the next twelve months. The Company is no longer subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service for years before 2013.2020.


-37-

Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1110 – COMMITMENTS AND OFF BALANCE-SHEET RISK


Some financial instruments are used to meet customer financing needs and to reduce exposure to interest rate changes. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These involve, to varying degrees, credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount reported in the financial statements.


Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the commitment, and generally have fixed expiration dates. Collateral or other security is normally not obtained for these financial instruments prior to their use and many of the commitments are expected to expire without being used.  Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments to guarantee a customer’s performance to a third party. Exposure to credit loss if the other party does not perform is represented by the contractual amount for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit.  At March 31, 2023, the reserve for unfunded commitments was $61,000 and was included in other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

A summary of the contractual amounts of financial instruments with off‑balance‑sheet risk was as follows at period-end (dollars in thousands):


 
September 30,
2017
  
December 31,
2016
  
March 31,
2023
  
December 31,
2022
 
Commitments to make loans $121,797  $90,293 
Commitments to extend credit
 $115,100  $77,384 
Letters of credit  12,117   13,823   11,937   13,455 
Unused lines of credit  495,151   437,435   719,013   745,674 


The notional amount of commitments to fund mortgage loans to be sold into the secondary market was approximately $14.2 million$82,000 and $19.8 million$0 at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2016,2022, respectively.

-37-The Bank enters into commitments to sell mortgage backed securities, which it later buys back in order to hedge its exposure to interest rate risk in its mortgage pipeline. These commitments were approximately $1.1 million and $0 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


NOTE 11 – COMMITMENTS AND OFF BALANCE-SHEET RISK (Continued)

At September 30, 2017,March 31, 2023, approximately 32.7%67.2% of the Bank’s commitments to make loans were at fixed rates, offered at current market rates. The remainder of the commitments to make loans were at variable rates tied to prime or one month LIBORterm SOFR and generally expire within 30 days. The majority of the unused lines of credit were at variable rates tied to prime.prime or SOFR.


NOTE 1211 – CONTINGENCIES


The Company and its subsidiaries periodically become defendants in certain claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2023, there were no material pending legal proceedings to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries are a party or which any of its properties are the subject.

NOTE 1312SHAREHOLDERS'SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY


Regulatory Capital


The Company and the Bank are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and prompt corrective action regulations involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors, and the regulators can lower classifications in certain cases. Failure to meet various capital requirements can initiate regulatory action that could have a direct material effect on the financial statements.


The prompt corrective action regulations provide five categories, including well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If a bank is only adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to, among other things, accept, renew or roll-over brokered deposits. If a bank is undercapitalized, capital distributions and growth and expansion are limited, and plans for capital restoration are required.

In July 2013, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC approved the final rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's
-38-

Index
MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 12 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY(Continued)

The regulatory capital guidelines for U.S. banks (commonly known as Basel III). Under the final rules, which began for the Company and the Bank on January 1, 2015 and are subject to a phase-in period through January 1, 2019, minimum requirements will increase for both the quantity and quality of capital held by the Company and the Bank. The rules include a new common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio (CET1 ratio) of 4.5% and a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets, which when fully phased-in, effectively results in a minimum CET1 ratio of 7.0%. Basel III raises theThe minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets from 4.0% tois 6.0% (which, with the capital conservation buffer, effectively results in a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5% when fully phased-in)), which effectively results in a minimum total capital to risk-weighted assets ratio of 10.5% (with the capital conservation buffer fully phased-in), and requires abuffer). The minimum leverage ratio ofis 4.0%. Basel III also makes changes to risk weights for certain assets

At March 31, 2023  and off-balance-sheet exposures.
-38-

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


NOTE 13 – SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Continued)

At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016,2022, actual capital levels and minimum required levels were (dollars in thousands):


 Actual  
Minimum
Capital
Adequacy
  
Minimum Capital
Adequacy With
Capital Buffer
  
To Be Well
Capitalized Under
Prompt Corrective
Action Regulations
        
Minimum
Capital
  
Minimum Capital
Adequacy With
  
To Be Well
Capitalized Under
Prompt Corrective
 
 Amount Ratio  Amount Ratio  Amount Ratio  Amount Ratio  Actual  Adequacy  Capital Buffer  Action Regulations 
September 30, 2017
                    
 Amount  Ratio  Amount  Ratio  Amount  Ratio  Amount  Ratio 
March 31, 2023                        
CET1 capital (to risk weighted assets)                                            
Consolidated $173,779 11.7% $66,837 4.5% $85,403 5.8%  N/A N/A  $286,826   17.1
% $75,561   4.5% $117,539   7.0%  N/A   N/A 
Bank  207,805 14.0   66,831 4.5   85,395 5.8  $96,533 6.5%  278,347   16.6
   75,558   4.5   117,535   7.0  $109,139   6.5%
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)                                                        
Consolidated  213,779 14.4   89,116 6.0   107,682 7.3   N/A N/A   286,826   17.1
   100,748   6.0   142,726   8.5   N/A   N/A 
Bank  207,805 14.0   89,108 6.0   107,672 7.3   118,810 8.0   278,347   16.6
   100,744   6.0   142,720   8.5   134,325   8.0 
Total capital (to risk weighted assets)                                                        
Consolidated  230,213 15.5   118,821 8.0   137,387 9.3   N/A N/A   303,620   18.1
   134,331   8.0   176,309   10.5   N/A   N/A 
Bank  224,239 15.1   118,810 8.0   137,374 9.3   148,513 10.0   295,141   17.6
   134,325   8.0   176,302   10.5   167,906   10.0 
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)                                                        
Consolidated  213,779 12.0   71,008 4.0   N/A N/A   N/A N/A   286,826   10.3
   111,845   4.0   N/A   N/A   N/A   N/A 
Bank  207,805 11.7   70,945 4.0   N/A N/A   88,682 5.0   278,347   10.0
   111,839   4.0   N/A   N/A   139,799   5.0 
                                                        
December 31, 2016
                        
December 31, 2022                                
CET1 capital (to risk weighted assets)                                                        
Consolidated $163,663 11.0% $66,743 4.5% $76,013 5.1%  N/A N/A  $278,615   16.9% $74,003   4.5% $115,116   7.0%  N/A   N/A 
Bank  197,972 13.4   66,737 4.5   76,006 5.1  $96,398 6.5%  270,274   16.4   73,992   4.5   115,098   7.0  $106,877   6.5%
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)                                                        
Consolidated  203,663 13.7   88,991 6.0   98,261 6.6   N/A N/A   278,615   16.9   98,670   6.0   139,783   8.5   N/A   N/A 
Bank  197,972 13.4   88,983 6.0   98,252 6.6   118,644 8.0   270,274   16.4   98,655   6.0   139,762   8.5   131,540   8.0 
Total capital (to risk weighted assets)                                                        
Consolidated  220,625 14.9   118,655 8.0   127,925 8.6   N/A N/A   293,900   17.9   131,561   8.0   172,673   10.5   N/A   N/A 
Bank  214,934 14.5   118,644 8.0   127,913 8.6   148,305 10.0   285,559   17.4   131,540   8.0   172,647   10.5   164,426   10.0 
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)                                                        
Consolidated  203,663 12.0   67,810 4.0   N/A N/A   N/A N/A   278,615   9.7   114,589   4.0   N/A   N/A   N/A   N/A 
Bank  197,972 11.7   67,742 4.0   N/A N/A   84,677 5.0   270,274   9.4   114,582   4.0   N/A   N/A   143,227
   5.0 

Approximately $40.0 million of trust preferred securities outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, qualified as Tier 1 capital. Refer to our 2016 Form 10-K for more information on the trust preferred securities.


The Bank was categorized as "well capitalized"“well capitalized” at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2016.
2022.

-39-

Item2.
MANAGEMENT'SMANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Macatawa Bank Corporation is a Michigan corporation and a registered bank holding company. It wholly-owns Macatawa Bank, Macatawa Statutory Trust I and Macatawa Statutory Trust II.Bank.  Macatawa Bank is a Michigan chartered bank with depository accounts insured by the FDIC. The Bank operates twenty-six branch offices and a lending and operational service facility, providing a full range of commercial and consumer banking and trust services in Kent County, Ottawa County, and northern Allegan County, Michigan. Macatawa Statutory Trusts I and II are grantor trusts and issued $20.0 million each of pooled trust preferred securities. These trusts are not consolidated in our Consolidated Financial Statements. For further information regarding consolidation, see the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

At September 30, 2017,March 31, 2023, we had total assets of $1.80$2.64 billion, total loans of $1.26$1.22 billion, total deposits of $1.51$2.33 billion and shareholders'shareholders’ equity of $173.5$260.6 million.  DuringFor the third quarter of 2017,three months ended March 31, 2023, we recognized net income of $4.9$12.0 million compared to net income of $4.6 million in the third quarter of 2016.  For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recognized net income of $14.1 million compared to $11.8$6.0 million for the same period in 2016.2022. The Bank was categorized as “well capitalized” under regulatory capital standards at September 30, 2017.March 31, 2023.

We paid a dividend of $0.03$0.08 per share in each quarter of 2016.  We increased the dividend to $0.04 per sharein 2022 and in the first and second quartersquarter of 2017 and $0.05 per share2023.

In early March 2023, over the course of five days, three large financial institutions in the third quarterUnited States failed.  Silvergate Bank self liquidated and Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank were both closed by the FDIC. These bank failures were driven by rapid withdrawals by depositors with large uninsured balances held at these institutions and losses incurred by these banks in liquidating their bond portfolios to provide liquidity to fund these deposit outflows.   Silvergate Bank’s failure was also caused by its exposure to FTX and Alameda cryptocurrency firm failures.   The FDIC determined that Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank were systematically important and fully guaranteed their depositor balances above the $250,000 FDIC insurance limit.  Given the sharp increase in market interest rates during 2022 and into 2023, most financial institutions’ bond portfolios have significant unrealized loss positions.  In response to this, the FRB created a new borrowing facility called the Bank Term Funding Program.  This program allows a bank to borrow against its investment portfolio, at par value, with no reduction for unrealized losses.  The term is for one year and interest rate is fixed at the time the advance is taken and there is no prepayment penalty.  Allowable investments for pledge are those the FRB can own.  This would include all of 2017.the Company’s investments except municipal securities and corporate bonds.  At March 31, 2023, the Company had no advances under this program and had $642.2 million in unused borrowing capacity under this program.  The program expires on March 11, 2024.


At March 31, 2023, the Company had $391.3 million in federal funds sold and overnight balances and had total additional borrowing capacity of $951 million, including $242.3 million in unused availability with the FHLB, $65.0 million in available fed funds facilities with correspondent banks, $1.5 million in availability at the FRB’s Discount Window and the $642.2 million availability in the FRB Bank Term Funding Program discussed above.  Given the flexibility of borrowing structure options with the FHLB, if the Company needed to borrow, we would likely utilize our FHLB capacity first.  At March 31, 2023, our uninsured deposits totaled approximately $962.7 million, or 41% of total deposits, and our liquidity sources exceeded the amount of uninsured deposit balances by over $300 million.

While the Bank experienced a decline in deposit balances during the three months ended March 31, 2023, most of the decline took place prior to the early March 2023 bank failures noted.  Our deposit base is primarily made up of many small accounts, and balances at March 31, 2023 were comprised of 48% personal customers and 52% business customers.  Our core deposits - which we define as deposits we have sourced within our local markets - represented 100% of our total deposits at March 31, 2023.  Our total deposit balances of $2.33 billion at March 31, 2023 remain elevated, reflecting a $625.5 million increase, or 37%, over pre-pandemic totals of $1.71 billion as of March 31, 2020.

-40-

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Summary: Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 was $4.9$12.0 million, compared to net income of $4.6 million in the same period in 2016. Net income per common share on a diluted basis was $0.14 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and $0.14 for the same period in 2016.  For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net income was $14.1 million, compared to $11.8$6.0 million for the same period in 2016.2022.  Net income per share on a diluted basis for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 was $0.42$0.35 compared to $0.35$0.18 for the same period in 2016.2022.

The increase in earnings in the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 20162022 was due primarily to increasedhigher levels of net interest income partially offset by lower mortgage banking income and reduced nonperforminga provision for credit losses benefit recorded in the first quarter of 2022.  Throughout 2022, beginning in March, the Federal Reserve Bank increased the federal funds rate several times, bringing the high end of their rate range rate from 0.25% at the beginning of 2022 to 4.50% at the end of 2022.  The Federal Reserve Bank raised this rate an additional 50 basis points to 5.00% during the three months ended March 31, 2023.  Given our asset expenses.sensitive balance sheet posture, this had a significant positive impact on our net interest income.  Net interest income increased to $13.1$22.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 compared to $11.9$12.7 million in the same period in 2016.  Nonperforming asset expenses (including administration costs and losses) were a negative $77,000 for2022.   Gains on sales of mortgage loans decreased to $11,000 in the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 compared to $325,000$308,000 in the same period in 2022.
The provision for credit losses was $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to a benefit (income) of $1.5 million for the same period in 2016, primarily as a result of a decrease of $220,000 in writedowns of other real estate owned.  The provision for loan losses was a negative $350,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to a negative $250,000 for the same period in 2016.2022.  We again were in a net loan recovery position for the three months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2023, with $214,000$33,000 in net loan recoveries, compared to $138,000$227,000 in net loan recoveries in the same period in 2016.  Also, income tax expense was reduced by $512,000 in September 2016 due to tax credits and other adjustments that did not recur in 2017.

The increase in earnings for2022.  Several of the nine month period ended September 30, 2017 comparedprevious qualitative environmental factors related to the same period of 2016, was due primarily to increased net interest income andCOVID-19 pandemic were reduced nonperforming asset expenses.  Net interest income increased to $38.4 million in the first nine monthsquarter of 2017 compared to $35.2 million2022, reflecting improvement in economic conditions and success at mitigating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in the same periodnet provision benefit recorded in 2016.  Nonperforming asset expenses (including administration costs and losses) were a negative $140,000the first quarter of 2022.  Also impacting comparability between periods is our adoption of ASU 2016-13, commonly referred to as CECL, effective January 1, 2023.  At adoption, we increased the allowance for credit losses by $1.5 million.  Provision for the first nine months of 2017 compared to $1.2 million forquarter 2023 was determined under CECL while the first nine months of 2016, primarily as a result of a net gains on other real estate owned of $575,000 forquarter 2022 was determined under the first nine months of 2017 compared to net losses of $409,000 for the same period in 2016.  The provision for loan losses was a negative $1.35 million for the first nine months of 2017, compared to a negative $1.1 million for the first nine months of 2016.  We again were in a net loan recovery position for the first nine months of 2017, with $822,000 in net loan recoveries, compared to $866,000 in net loan recoveries in the same period in 2016.  Each of these items is discussed more fully below.probable incurred loss model.
 
-40-

Net Interest Income:Net interest income totaled $13.1$22.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and $11.9March 31, 2023 compared to $12.7 million for the same period in 2016.  For the first nine months of 2017, net interest income was $38.4 million compared to $35.2 million for the same period in 2016.2022.


Net interest income was positively impacted infor the three months ended September 30, 2017 by an increase in average earning assetsfirst quarter of $96.52023 increased $10.0 million compared to the same period in 2016.  Our2022.  Of this increase, $1.4 million was from changes in the volume of average yield on earning assets for the three months ended September 30, 2017 increased 18 basis points compared to the same period in 2016 from 3.39% to 3.57%.  Average interest earning assets totaled $1.65 billion for three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $1.56 billion for the same periodand interest bearing liabilities and $8.6 million was from increases from changes in 2016.rates earned or paid.  The largest changes occurred in interest income on commercial loans and in overnight funds.  The net change in interest marginincome for commercial loans was 3.21% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 3.04% for the same period in 2016.  Anan increase of $42.4$5.4 million in average securities between periodswith an increase of $4.6 million due to rate and an increase of $36.4$782,000 due to portfolio growth.  Overnight funds contributed an increase of $6.2 million due to changes in rate, partially offset by a reduction of $394,000 due to lower average loans werebalances compared to the primary drivers of the increase.  Yield on commercial loans increased from 3.88% for three months ended September 30, 2016 to 4.11% for the same period in 2017.  Yield on residential mortgage loans decreased from 3.51% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 to 3.47% for the same period in 2017, while yields on consumer loans increased from 3.93% for the thirdfirst quarter of 2016 to 4.32% for the third quarter2022 as excess funds were deployed into loans and investment securities.    The average balance of 2017.  The December 2016, March 2017 and June 2017 increases in the federal funds rate had a net positive impact on our net interest margin position as more loans repriced at the higher rate than our funding sources.

Average interest earning assets increased to $1.61 billion for the first nine months of 2017, compared to $1.54 billion for the first nine months of 2016.  Our average yield on earning assets increased 17 basis points for the first nine months of 2017 in comparison to the same period in 2016.  Our net interest margin was 3.24% for the first nine months of 2017 compared to 3.04% for the same period in 2016.  Net interest margin for the first nine months of 2017 benefittedinvestment portfolio grew by $326.0 million from the December 2016, March 2017 and June 2017 increases in the federal funds rate.  The commercial loan yield in the first nine months of 2017 was also positively impacted by the complete payoff of a loan$572.7 million in the first quarter of 2017 that had been on nonaccrual, resulting2022 to $898.7 million in the realizationfirst quarter of $267,0002023.  This growth resulted in an additional $1.6 million of interest income that had been deferred.in the first quarter of 2023.


The cost of funds increased to 0.53% and 0.50%1.07% in the three and nine month periodsfirst quarter of 2017 from 0.45% and 0.47%2023 compared to 0.11% in the same periodsfirst quarter of 2016.2022.  Increases in the rates paid on our interest-bearing checking, savings, and money market and certificate of deposit accounts in response to the December 2016, March 2017 and June 2017 federal funds rate increases over the past year and market conditions caused the slight increase in our cost of funds.

The asset yield improvement to 4.15% in the first quarter of 2023 from 1.92% in the first quarter of 2022, far outweighed the increase in cost of funds.  As a result, net interest margin improved to 3.44% for the first quarter 2023 compared to 1.85% for the first quarter of 2022.

-41-

The following table shows an analysis of net interest margin for the three month periods ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and 20162022 (dollars in thousands):


 For the three months ended September 30,  For the three months ended March 31, 
 2017  2016  2023  2022 
 
Average
Balance
  
Interest
Earned
or Paid
  
Average
Yield
or Cost
  
Average
Balance
  
Interest
Earned
or Paid
  
Average
Yield
or Cost
  
Average
Balance
  
Interest
Earned
or Paid
  
Average
Yield
or Cost
  
Average
Balance
  
Interest
Earned
or Paid
  
Average
Yield
or Cost
 
Assets
                                    
Taxable securities $162,729  $741   1.83% $136,807  $584   1.71% $765,999  $4,481  2.35% $402,863  $1,434  1.43%
Tax-exempt securities (1)  104,387   574   3.51   87,918   451   3.31  132,692  698  2.71  169,845  731  2.22 
Commercial loans (2)  946,105   9,930   4.11   903,484   8,965   3.88  985,258  13,300  5.40  902,347  7,888  3.50 
PPP loans (3)       20,364  1,052  20.66 
Residential mortgage loans  219,532   1,905   3.47   219,170   1,928   3.51  143,839  1,343  3.73  116,504  939  3.22 
Consumer loans  88,933   969   4.32   95,551   945   3.93  57,303  1,017  7.20  54,096  519  3.89 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock  11,558   122   4.15   11,558   122   4.13  10,211  65  2.55  11,019  51  1.84 
Federal funds sold and other short-term investments  118,784   385   1.27   101,062   127   0.49   555,670   6,362   4.58   1,111,216   529   0.19 
Total interest earning assets (1)  1,652,028   14,626   3.57   1,555,550   13,122   3.39  2,650,972  27,266  4.15  2,788,254  13,143  1.92 
                        
Noninterest earning assets:                                          
Cash and due from banks  29,940           28,482          34,615        32,505       
Other  93,334           96,065           72,007         96,703       
Total assets $1,775,302          $1,680,097          $2,757,594        $2,917,462       
                        
Liabilities
                                          
Deposits:                                          
Interest bearing demand $352,661  $98   0.11% $313,624  $65   0.08% $690,246  $742  0.43% $706,872  $40  0.02%
Savings and money market accounts  551,917   454   0.33   522,697   239   0.19  903,236  3,017  1.35  894,976  65  0.03 
Time deposits  88,933   180   0.81   81,769   126   0.62  134,401  735  2.22  92,244  53  0.23 
Borrowings:                                          
Other borrowed funds  74,190   314   1.66   94,384   419   1.74   30,000   156   2.08   85,002   320   1.51 
Long-term debt  41,238   442   4.20   41,238   371   3.52 
Total interest bearing liabilities  1,108,939   1,488   0.53   1,053,712   1,220   0.45  1,757,883  4,650  1.07  1,779,094  478  0.11 
                        
Noninterest bearing liabilities:                                          
Noninterest bearing demand accounts  488,028           459,372          732,434        875,223       
Other noninterest bearing liabilities  6,348           6,817          17,117        11,545       
Shareholders' equity  171,987           160,196         
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $1,775,302          $1,680,097         
                        
Shareholders’ equity  250,160         251,600       
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $2,757,594         $2,917,462        
Net interest income     $13,138          $11,902         $22,616        $12,665    
Net interest spread (1)          3.04%          2.94%       3.08%       1.81%
Net interest margin (1)          3.21%          3.04%       3.44%       1.85%
Ratio of average interest earning assets to average interest bearing liabilities  148.97%          147.63%         150.80%       156.72%      


(1)Yields are presented on a tax equivalent basis using a 35%an assumed tax rate.rate of 21% at March 31, 2023 and 2022.
(2)Includes loan fees of $117,000$148,000 and $200,000$99,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and 2016.2022, respectively.  Includes average nonaccrual loans of approximately $558,000$75,000 and $270,000$90,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and 2016.2022, respectively.  Excludes PPP loans.
(3)Includes loan fees of $0 and $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
 
-42-

The following table shows an analysispresents the dollar amount of changes in net interest margin for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2017income due to changes in volume and 2016rate (dollars in thousands):


  For the nine months ended September 30, 
  2017  2016 
  
Average
Balance
  
Interest
Earned
or Paid
  
Average
Yield
or Cost
  
Average
Balance
  
Interest
Earned
or Paid
  
Average
Yield
or Cost
 
Assets
                  
Taxable securities $152,043  $2,025   1.78% $132,941  $1,700   1.70%
Tax-exempt securities (1)  106,481   1,658   3.29   85,682   1,324   3.29 
Commercial loans (2)  952,987   29,317   4.06   898,039   26,625   3.90 
Residential mortgage loans  217,223   5,649   3.47   217,185   5,730   3.51 
Consumer loans  91,141   2,834   4.16   96,975   2,873   3.96 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock  11,558   367   4.19   11,558   368   4.18 
Federal funds sold and other short-term investments  77,710   666   1.13   99,753   383   0.51 
Total interest earning assets (1)  1,609,143   42,516   3.58   1,542,133   39,003   3.41 
                         
Noninterest earning assets:                        
Cash and due from banks  28,911           26,690         
Other  97,371           97,232         
Total assets $1,735,425          $1,666,055         
                         
Liabilities
                        
Deposits:                        
Interest bearing demand $333,148  $237   0.09% $324,554  $227   0.09%
Savings and money market accounts  552,903   1,094   0.27   515,041   708   0.19 
Time deposits  82,035   440   0.71   85,862   398   0.62 
Borrowings:                        
Other borrowed funds  86,945   1,053   1.60   97,637   1,318   1.77 
Long-term debt  41,238   1,266   4.05   41,238   1,104   3.52 
Total interest bearing liabilities  1,096,269   4,090   0.50   1,064,332   3,755   0.47 
                         
Noninterest bearing liabilities:                        
Noninterest bearing demand accounts  465,191           437,943         
Other noninterest bearing liabilities  5,756           6,734         
Shareholders' equity  168,209           157,046         
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $1,735,425          $1,666,055         
                         
                         
Net interest income     $38,426          $35,248     
Net interest spread (1)          3.08%          2.94%
Net interest margin          3.24%          3.04%
Ratio of average interest earning assets to average interest bearing liabilities  146.78%          144.89%        
  
For the three months ended March 31,
2023 vs 2022
Increase (Decrease) Due to
 
  Volume  Rate  Total 
          
Interest income         
Taxable securities $1,778  $1,269  $3,047 
Tax-exempt securities  (223)  190   (33)
Commercial loans, excluding PPP loans  782   4,630   5,412 
PPP loans  (1,052)     (1,052)
Residential mortgage loans  241   163   404 
Consumer loans  32   466   498 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock  (4)  18   14 
Federal funds sold and other short-term investments  (394)  6,227   5,833 
Total interest income  1,160   12,963   14,123 
Interest expense            
Interest bearing demand $(1) $703  $702 
Savings and money market accounts  1   2,951   2,952 
Time deposits  35   647   682 
Other borrowed funds  (257)  93   (164)
Long-term debt         
Total interest expense  (222)  4,394   4,172 
Net interest income $1,382  $8,569  $9,951 


(1)Yields are presented on a tax equivalent basis using a 35% tax rate.
(2)Includes loan fees of $484,000 and $559,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.  Includes average nonaccrual loans of approximately $511,000 and $407,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.
-43-

Provision for LoanCredit Losses: The provision for loancredit losses for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 was a negative $350,000$0 compared to a negative $250,000 for the same period in 2016.  The negative provisions for loan losses for each period were the resultbenefit of  continued stabilization of real estate values on problem credits, continued improvement in asset quality metrics and net loan recoveries of $214,000 in the three months ended September 30, 2017 and $138,000 in the same period in 2016.  At September 30, 2017, we had experienced net loan recoveries in each of the past eleven quarters.  The provision for loan losses for the first nine months of 2017 was a negative $1.35 million compared to a negative $1.1$1.5 million for the same period in 2016.2022.  Total loans increased by $43.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 which, on its own, creates a need for provision expense; however, the economic forecast used in our calculation improved slightly from January 1, 2023 to March 31, 2023, thereby offsetting the need to record provision expense due to loan portfolio growth.  Net loan recoveries were $33,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to net loan recoveries of $227,000 in the same period in 2022.

Gross loan recoveries were $269,000$54,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and $184,000$262,000 for the same period in 2016.2022.  In the three months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2023, we had $55,000$21,000 in gross loan charge-offs, compared to $46,000$35,000 in the same period in 2016.  For2022.
We adopted CECL effective January 1, 2023 using the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we experienced gross loan recoveries of $1,043,000 compared to $1,024,000modified retrospective method for the sameall financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures.  Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under CECL while prior period in 2016.  Loan charge-offs were $221,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $158,000 for the same period in 2016.  Weamounts continue to experience positive results frombe reported in accordance with the probable incurred loss accounting standards.  The transition adjustment of the CECL adoption included an increase in the allowance for credit losses of $1.5 million, $62,000 to establish a reserve for unfunded commitments and a $1.2 million decrease to retained earnings to reflect the cumulative effect of adoption of CECL, with the $323,000 tax impact portion being recorded as part of the deferred tax asset on our collection efforts as evidenced by our net loan recoveries.  While we expect our collection efforts to produce further recoveries, they may not continue at the same level we have experienced the past several quarters.

Consolidated Balance Sheet.  The amounts of loan loss provision for credit losses in both the most recent quarter and comparable prior year period were the result of establishing our allowance for loancredit losses at levels believed necessary based upon our methodology for determining the adequacy of the allowance.  The sustained lower level of quarterlyprovision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was impacted by net charge-offs overreductions to certain qualitative factors that had been elevated in response to the past several quarters had a significant effect on the historical loss component of our methodology.COVID-19 pandemic.  More information about our allowance for loan losses and our methodology for establishing its level may be found under the heading "Allowance“Allowance for Loan Losses"Credit Losses” below.


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Noninterest Income: Noninterest income for the three and nine month periodsperiod ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 was $4.3 million and $13.0$4.5 million compared to $5.1 million and $14.2$5.0 million for the same periodsperiod in 2016.2022.   The components of noninterest income are shown in the table below (in thousands):


 
Three Months
Ended
September 30,
2017
  
Three Months
Ended
September 30,
2016
  
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2017
  
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2016
  
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2023
  
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2022
 
Service charges and fees on deposit accounts $1,172  $1,152  $3,342  $3,312  $994  $1,211 
Net gains on mortgage loans  369   1,175   1,273   2,235  11  308 
Trust fees  801   790   2,412   2,286  1,033  1,088 
Gain as sales of securities  ---   ---   3   99 
ATM and debit card fees  1,324   1,272   3,863   3,715  1,662  1,599 
Bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) income  249   146   730   748  199  240 
Investment services fees  239   181   705   755  411  313 
Other income  146   359   681   1,069   218   206 
Total noninterest income $4,300  $5,075  $13,009  $14,219  $4,528  $4,965 


Net gains on mortgage loans were down $806,000$297,000 in the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 20162022 as a result of an overall lower levelchanges in the volume of volume.loans originated for sale.  Mortgage rates increased sharply throughout 2022 and into the first quarter of 2023, causing a reduction in mortgage volume compared to the first quarter of 2022.  In addition, more of our origination volume in the first three months of 2023 was in variable rate products, which we hold in portfolio.  Mortgage loans originated for sale in the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 were $11.4 million,$179,000, compared to $38.2$10.1 million in the same period in 2016.  Mortgage loans originated for portfolio2022.
Service charges on deposit accounts decreased by $217,000 in the three months ended September 30, 2017 were $16.2 million,March 31, 2023 as compared to $25.4 million in the same period in 2016.  Mortgage loans originated2022 largely due to higher earnings credit offsets for saletreasury management accounts.  Trust fees were down $55,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease for the first ninethree months ended March 31, 2023 was largely due to lower market valuations of 2017 were $45.0 million, down from $76.1 million in the first nine months of 2016.underlying trust investments.  ATM and debit card fees were up $63,000 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022 due to higher volume of usage by our customers.  BOLI income in the first nine months of 2016 included $290,000 in net benefits from the distribution of a death claim on a covered former employee.  Trust fees were up in the first nine months of 2017 due to investment market value changes and growth in trust assets.  Other noninterest income for the three month period ended September 30, 2017 was reduced by a net loss of $176,000 on the sale of property in southwest Grand Rapids (Metro Village) during the quarter. This also impacted the nine month period ended September 30, 2017, along with a net loss of $70,000 on sale of property in northwest Grand Rapids (Walker) in the second quarter of 2017.
 
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Noninterest Expense: Noninterest expense decreasedincreased by $426,000 to $10.8$12.2 million for the three month period ended September 30, 2017, from $11.3 million forMarch 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2016.  Noninterest expense decreased to $32.4 million for the nine month period ended September 30, 2017 compared to $34.3 million for the same period in 2016.2022.  The components of noninterest expense are shown in the table below (in thousands):

 
Three Months
Ended
September 30,
2017
  
Three Months
Ended
September 30,
2016
  
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2017
  
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2016
  
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2023
  
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2022
 
Salaries and benefits $6,211  $6,166  $18,363  $18,521  $6,698  $6,289 
Occupancy of premises  922   901   2,939   2,784  1,137  1,172 
Furniture and equipment  797   772   2,278   2,476  1,031  1,016 
Legal and professional  199   153   621   500  348  194 
Marketing and promotion  226   275   678   825  219  195 
Data processing  655   741   2,068   2,089  955  884 
FDIC assessment  134   166   404   638  330  180 
Interchange and other card expense  333   334   970   927  384  373 
Bond and D&O insurance  119   132   353   395  122  130 
Net (gains) losses on repossessed and foreclosed properties  (190)  115   (575)  409 
Administration and disposition of problem assets  113   210   435   787 
Outside services  423   412   1,280   1,171  469  494 
Other noninterest expense  814   896   2,620   2,772   472   812 
Total noninterest expense $10,756  $11,273  $32,434  $34,294  $12,165  $11,739 


Most categories of noninterest expense were relatively flat or had reductionsunchanged compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2022 due to our ongoing efforts to manage expenses and scale our operations. Our largest component of noninterest expense, salaries and benefits, increased by $45,000$409,000 in the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 from the same period in 2016.2022. This increase is largelyprimarily due to a higher levelbase compensation, higher variable compensation, higher medical costs and lower salary deferral from commercial loan originations partially offset by lower variable compensation tied to lower mortgage production. The table below identifies the primary components of costs associated with employeesalaries and benefits particularly medical insurance, which was(in thousands):

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Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2023
  
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2022
 
Salaries and other compensation $5,912  $5,627 
Salary deferral from commercial loan originations  (145)  (215)
Bonus accrual  287   221 
Mortgage production - variable comp  58   144 
401k matching contributions  211   212 
Medical insurance costs  375   300 
Total salaries and benefits $6,698  $6,289 
Legal and professional fees were up $25,000 compared to$154,000 in the three months ended September 30, 2016.  Variable based compensation was down $83,000 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and was down $210,000 for the first nine months of 2017March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 20162022 due to lower mortgage production and brokerage volume.  We had 343 full-time equivalent employees at September 30, 2017 compared to 343 at September 30, 2016.

Occupancy expenses were up $21,000 in the third quarter of 2017 and were up $155,000 for the first nine months of 2017 compared to the same periods in 2016 due to higher property taxes and maintenance costs incurred associated with certain branch facilities.

Ournew accounting and proxy disclosures as well as regulatory compliance matters related to loan and deposit accounts referred to legal counsel during the quarter.  FDIC assessment costs decreased by $32,000were up $150,000 in the third quarter of 2017three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2016 and2022 due to higher assessment rates imposed by $234,000 for the first nineFDIC on all banks.  Other noninterest expense was down $340,000 in the three months of 2017ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 due primarily to positive changes in our assessment rates.   These costs have been trending down for the past few years and we believe the rate has stabilized and future expense fluctuations will likely be dependent on changes in our asset size.

Costs associated with administration and disposition of problem assets have decreased significantly over the past several years.  These expenses include legal costs, repossessed and foreclosed property administration expense and losses on repossessed and foreclosed properties. Repossessed and foreclosed property administration expense includes survey and appraisal, property maintenance and management and other disposition and carrying costs. Losses on repossessed and foreclosed properties include both$356,000 net gains and lossesgain recognized on the sale of properties and unrealized losses from value declines for outstanding properties.  We experienced decreases in almost every category in the third quarter of 2017 and the first nine months of 2017 compared to the same periods in the prior year.

These costs are itemized in the following table (in thousands):
  
Three Months
Ended
September 30,
2017
  
Three Months
Ended
September 30,
2016
  
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2017
  
Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2016
 
Legal and professional – nonperforming assets $39  $28  $74  $127 
Repossessed and foreclosed property administration  74   182   361   660 
Net (gains) losses on repossessed and foreclosed properties  (190)  115   (575)  409 
Total $(77) $325  $(140) $1,196 
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As the level of problem loans and assets have declined, the costs associated with these nonperforming assets have decreased significantly over the past several years.  Other real estate owned decreased from $13.1 million at September 30, 2016 to $6.7 million at September 30, 2017.  During the second quarter of 2017, we sold our largest individuallast remaining other real estate owned property (carry value of $3.4 million) for a net gain of $68,000.   This property was responsible for a significant portion of our nonperforming asset expense, including maintenance, property taxes and utility costs.

Net gains/losses on repossessed assets and foreclosed properties for the three month period ended September 30, 2017 decreased $305,000 from the same period in 2016.  Forduring the first nine monthsquarter of 2017, these expenses decreased $984,000 from the same period in 2016.  These decreases were primarily due to net gains on sales of other real estate properties in these periods.  In the three month period ended September 30, 2017, net gains totaled $190,000, compared to $105,000 for the same period in 2016.  In the first nine months of 2017, we recognized net gains totaling $660,000 on such sales, compared to $365,000 for the same period in 2016.2023.

Federal Income Tax Expense:We recorded $2.2 million and $6.3$3.0 million in federal income tax expense for the three and nine month periodsperiod ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 compared to $1.4 million and $4.4 million, respectively, infor the same periodsperiod in 2016.2022.  Our effective tax rate for the three and nine month periodsperiod ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 was 30.67% and 30.73%,19.86%  compared to 22.67% and 27.22%, respectively,18.82% for the same periodsperiod in 2016.  Federal income tax expense and related effective tax rates were lower in the 2016 periods due to tax credits and other adjustments recognized in our 2015 federal tax return which was filed in the third quarter of 2016.2022.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Total assets were $1.80$2.64 billion at September 30, 2017, an increaseMarch 31, 2023, a decrease of $62.0$269.8 million from $1.74 billion at December 31, 2016.2022. This change reflected increasesdecrease was caused primarily by a decrease in total deposits of $70.1 million in cash and cash equivalents and $29.7 million in securities available for sale, offset by decreases of $20.8 million in our loan portfolio, $7.5 million in securities held to maturity and $6.0 million in other real estate owned.  Total deposits increased by $57.5 million and other borrowed funds decreased by $12.1$284.2 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2016.2022.

Cash and Cash Equivalents:Our cash and cash equivalents, which include federal funds sold and short-term investments, were $159.9$420.7 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 compared to $89.8$755.2 million at December 31, 2016.2022.  The increasedecrease in these balances primarily related primarily to the decreasean increase in our total loansloan and increaseinvestment portfolios as well as a reduction in total deposits in the same period.deposit balances.

Securities:Securities Debt securities available for sale were $214.2$526.0 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 compared to $184.4$499.3 million at December 31, 2016.2022. The balance at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 primarily consisted of U.S. agency securities, agency mortgage backed securities and various municipal investments. Our held to maturity portfolio decreased from $69.4was $348.4 million at March 31, 2023 compared to $348.8 million at December 31, 2016 to $61.9 million at September 30, 2017.2022.  Our held to maturity portfolio is comprised of U.S. Treasury securities and state, municipal and municipalprivately placed commercial bonds.


We classify privately placed municipal and commercial bonds as held to maturity as they are typically non-transferable in the bond market.  In addition, we generally classify short-term U.S. Treasury securities as held to maturity.  Typically the final maturity on these short-term Treasury securities is three years or less.  Longer-term Treasury securities and all other marketable debt securities are generally classified as available for sale.

At March 31, 2023, the overall duration of our debt security available for sale portfolio was 3.11 years and the overall duration of our debt security held to maturity portfolio was 2.18 years and were similar to durations for these portfolios before the pandemic.  Net unrealized losses on debt securities available for sale decreased by $6.7 million from $40.1 million at December 31, 2022 to $33.7 million at March 31, 2023.  Net unrealized losses on debt securities held to maturity decreased by $3.3 million from $16.1 million at December 31, 2022 to $12.8 million at March 31, 2023.  Our overall bond portfolio will provide nearly $400 million in liquidity through maturities and scheduled paydowns over the next 24 months ending March 31, 2025.

Per U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, unrealized gains or losses on debt securities available for sale are reflected on the balance sheet in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), while unrealized gains or losses on debt securities held to maturity are not reflected on the balance sheet in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
Portfolio Loans and Asset Quality: Total portfolio loans decreasedincreased by $20.8$43.2 million in the first ninethree months of 20172023 and were $1.26$1.22 billion at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 compared to $1.28$1.18 billion at December 31, 2016.2022. During the first ninethree months of 2017,2023, our commercial portfolio decreasedincreased by $18.1 million, while$37.4 million.  During the same period, our consumer portfolio decreased by $6.9$3.7 million and our residential mortgage portfolio increased by $4.2$9.5 million.


The volume of residential mortgage loans originated for sale in the first nine months of 2017 decreased $31.1 million compared to the same period in 2016 due to a higher interest rate environment. Residential mortgage loans originated for sale were $45.0 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared to $76.1 million in the first nine months of 2016.  Mortgage loans originated for portfolio in the first nine months of 2017 were $37.4 million, compared to $62.6 million in the first nine months of 2016. 
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Mortgage loans originated for portfolio are typically adjustable rate loans as well as fixed rate loans that conform to secondary market requirements and have a term of fifteen years or less.  However, given the significant increase in residential mortgage rates, we have increased the percentage of our longer term fixed rate mortgage production that we hold in portfolio as they will typically have lower duration due to refinancings that occur when interest rates decline.  Mortgage loans originated for portfolio in the first three months of 2023 decreased $1.7 million compared to the same period in 2022, from $14.8 million in the first three months of 2022 to $13.1 million in the same period in 2023.
 
The volume of residential mortgage loans originated for sale in the first three months of 2023 decreased $10.0 million compared to the same period in 2022. Residential mortgage loans originated for sale were $179,000 in the first three months of 2023 compared to $10.1 million in the first three months of 2022.
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The following table shows our loan origination activity for loans to be held in portfolio loans during the first ninethree months of 20172023 and 2016,2022, broken out by loan type and also shows average originated loan size (dollars in thousands):

  Nine months ended September 30, 2017  Nine months ended September 30, 2016 
  
Portfolio
Originations
  
Percent of
Total
Originations
  
Average
Loan Size
  
Portfolio
Originations
  
Percent of
Total
Originations
  
Average
Loan Size
 
Commercial real estate:                  
Residential developed $7,227   3.1% $903  $5,227   2.1% $871 
Unsecured to residential developers  ---   ---   ---   ---   ---   --- 
Vacant and unimproved  2,149   0.9   269   552   ---   184 
Commercial development  125   ---   125   2,342   1.0   1,171 
Residential improved  38,828   16.5   254   48,718   19.4   350 
Commercial improved  41,436   17.6   1,480   29,632   11.8   988 
Manufacturing and industrial  12,039   5.1   926   11,457   4.6   955 
Total commercial real estate  101,804   43.2   482   97,928   38.9   510 
Commercial and industrial  60,269   25.6   685   58,432   23.2   526 
Total commercial  162,073   68.8   542   156,360   62.1   516 
                         
Consumer                        
Residential mortgage  37,439   15.9   234   62,616   24.9   204 
Unsecured  ---   ---   ---   20   ---   10 
Home equity  34,070   14.5   85   31,006   12.3   84 
Other secured  1,850   0.8   16   1,808   0.7   17 
Total consumer  73,359   31.2   108   95,450   37.9   121 
Total loans $235,432   100.0%  240  $251,810   100.0%  231 

The following table shows a breakout of our commercial loan activity during the first nine months of 2017 and 2016 (dollars in thousands):
  Three months ended March 31, 2023  Three months ended March 31, 2022 
  
Portfolio
Originations
  
Percent of
Total
Originations
  
Average
Loan Size
  
Portfolio
Originations
  
Percent of
Total
Originations
  
Average
Loan Size
 
Commercial real estate:                  
Residential developed $125   0.1% $63  $4,322   2.7% $1,080 
Unsecured to residential
developers
                  
Vacant and unimproved  2,779   3.1   463   1,570   1.0   523 
Commercial development                  
Residential improved  11,852   13.1   539   23,944   15.1   684 
Commercial improved  3,161   3.5   316   22,907   14.5   1,909 
Manufacturing and
industrial
  5,364   5.9   894   44,128   27.8   4,413 
Total commercial real estate  23,281   25.7   506   96,871   61.1   1,514 
Commercial and industrial  47,097   52.0   1,002   32,371   20.4   549 
Total commercial and commercial real estate  70,378   77.7   757   129,242   81.5   1,051 
Consumer                        
Residential mortgage  13,084   14.4   262   14,829   9.4   362 
Unsecured                  
Home equity  6,818   7.5   114   13,372   8.4   131 
Other secured  348   0.4   29   1,080   0.7   154 
Total consumer  20,250   22.3   166   29,281   18.5   195 
Total loans $90,628   100.0% $422  $158,523   100.0% $581 
 
      Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2017
   Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2016
 
Commercial loans originated $162,073  $156,360 
Repayments of commercial loans  (125,828)  (115,858)
Change in undistributed - available credit  (54,368)  (3,302)
Net increase/(decrease) in total commercial loans $(18,123) $37,200 

Overall, the commercial loan portfolio decreased $18.1increased $37.4 million in the first ninethree months of 2017.2023.  Our commercial and industrial portfolio decreasedincreased by $30.5$31.7 million andwhile our commercial real estate loans increased by $12.4$5.7 million.  However, our production of commercial loans increased by $5.7 million from $156.4 millionWhile overall originations as shown in the table above were down compared to the first ninethree months of 2016 compared to $162.12022, our on-balance-sheet commercial loan balances grew since year end 2022.  This largely resulted from the funding of various construction projects originating in 2022 and higher usage of approved commercial lines by our commercial borrowers.  This utilization was up $22.2 million in the same period of 2017.  The decrease in ending portfolio balance from December 31, 20162022 to September 30, 2017 was due primarilyMarch 31, 2023.
We also have a significant amount of unfunded commercial lines of credit, that can be drawn on by our commercial loan customers.  The table below shows the total commitment, the unused portion and the percentage of unused to changestotal commitment at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (dollars in undistributed balances/available credit.  Considering our pipelinethousands):

  
March 31,
2023
  
December 31,
2022
 
Commercial - Lines of credit commitments $1,011,846  $1,021,795 
Commercial - Unused portion of lines of credit  580,120   612,317 
Commercial - Unused lines of credit to total commitment  57.33%  60.07%

Total commercial lines of commercial credits at September 30, 2017, we expectcredit commitments decreased by $9.9 million from December 31, 2022 to achieve measured, high quality loan portfolio growth throughout the remainder of 2017.March 31, 2023.


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Commercial and commercial real estate loans remained our largest loan segment and accounted for approximately 75.3%83.3% and 75.5%83.2% of the total loan portfolio at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2016.2022, respectively. Residential mortgage and consumer loans comprised approximately 24.7%16.7% and 24.5%16.8% of total loans at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2016.2022, respectively.
 
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A further breakdown of the composition of the loan portfolio is shown in the table below (in thousands):

  September 30, 2017  December 31, 2016  March 31, 2023  December 31, 2022 
Balance  
Percent of
Total Loans
  Balance  
Percent of
Total Loans
  Balance  
Percent of
Total Loans
  Balance  
Percent of
Total Loans
 
Commercial real estate: (1)                        
Residential developed $9,077   0.7% $11,970   0.9% $7,001  0.6% $7,234  0.6%
Unsecured to residential developers  2,410   0.2   4,734   0.4         
Vacant and unimproved  38,677   3.1   40,286   3.1  38,700  3.2  36,270  3.1 
Commercial development  486   ---   378   ---  99    103   
Residential improved  83,441   6.6   75,348   5.9  116,177  9.5  112,791  9.6 
Commercial improved  295,924   23.5   289,478   22.6  255,894  20.9  259,281  22.0 
Manufacturing and industrial  100,347   8.0   95,787   7.5   125,477   10.3   121,924   10.4 
Total commercial real estate  530,362   42.1   517,981   40.4  543,348  44.5  537,603  45.7 
Commercial and industrial  418,838   33.2   449,342   35.1   473,354   38.8   441,716   37.5 
Total commercial  949,200   75.3   967,323   75.5 
                
Total commercial and commercial real estate 1,016,702  83.3  979,319  83.2 
Consumer                            
Residential mortgage  221,829   17.6   217,614   17.0  148,676  12.2  139,148  11.8 
Unsecured  254   ---   396   ---  106    121   
Home equity  82,296   6.6   88,113   6.9  52,647  4.3  56,321  4.8 
Other secured  6,458   0.5   7,366   0.6   2,808   0.2   2,839   0.2 
Total consumer  310,837   24.7   313,489   24.5   204,237   16.7   198,429   16.8 
Total loans $1,260,037   100.0% $1,280,812   100.0% $1,220,939   100.0% $1,177,748   100.0%


(1)Includes both owner occupied and non-owner occupied commercial real estate.

Commercial real estate loans accounted for 42.1%44.5% and 40.4%45.7% of the total loan portfolio at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 20162022, respectively, and consisted primarily of loans to business owners and developers of owner and non-owner occupied commercial properties and loans to developers of single and multi-family residential properties. In the table above, we show our commercial real estate portfolio by loans secured by residential and commercial real estate, and by stage of development. Improved loans are generally secured by properties that are under construction or completed and placed in use. Development loans are secured by properties that are in the process of development or fully developed. Vacant and unimproved loans are secured by raw land for which development has not yet begun and agricultural land.

Our consumer residential mortgage loan portfolio, which also includes residential construction loans made to individual homeowners, comprised 17.6%12.2% of portfolio loans at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and 17.0%11.8% at December 31, 2016.2022.  We expect to continue to retain in our loan portfolio certain types of residential mortgage loans (primarily high quality, low loan-to-value loans) in an effort to continue to diversify our credit risk and deploy our excess liquidity. A large portion of our residential mortgage loan production continues to be sold on the secondary market with servicing released.

The volume of residential mortgage loans originated for sale during the first nine months of 2017 decreased from the first nine months of 2016 as a result of interest rate conditions.  We are also experiencing a shift in production to financing new home purchases versus refinancings.

Our portfolio of other consumer loans includes loans secured by personal property and home equity fixed term and line of credit loans. Consumer loansThis portfolio decreased by $6.9$3.7 million to $89.0$55.6 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 from $95.9$59.3 million at December 31, 2016, due primarily to a decrease in home equity loans.  Consumer2022.  These other consumer loans comprised 7.1%4.5% of our portfolio loans at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and 7.5%5.0% at December 31, 2016.2022.
 
Given that current industry credit conditions are tightening, we expect industry pricing will increase in response to cost of funds increases and we will respond accordingly.
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Our loan portfolio is reviewed regularly by our senior management, our loan officers, and an internal loan review team that is independent of our loan originators and credit administration. An administrative loan committee consisting of senior management and seasoned lending and collections personnel meets quarterly to manage our internal watch list and proactively manage high risk loans.

When reasonable doubt exists concerning collectability of interest or principal of one of our loans, the loan is placed in nonaccrual status. Any interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed and charged against current earnings.


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Nonperforming assets are comprised of nonperforming loans, foreclosed assets and repossessed assets. At September 30, 2017,March 31, 2023, nonperforming assets totaled $7.2just $75,000, down $2.3 million compared to $12.6from $2.4 million at December 31, 2016. Additions2022. There were no additions to other real estate owned in the first ninethree months of 2017 were $60,000, compared to $102,0002023 or in the first ninethree months of 2016.2022.  At September 30, 2017,March 31, 2023, there was just one loanwere no loans in redemption,foreclosure, so we expect there to be few, if any, additions to other real estate owned in 2017.the remainder of 2023.  Proceeds from sales of foreclosed properties were $6.2$2.7 million in the first ninethree months of 2017,2023, resulting in net realized gains on sales of $660,000.  We sold our largest individual foreclosed property in the second quarter of 2017.$356,000.  Proceeds from sales of foreclosed properties were $4.2 million$0 in the first ninethree months of 20162022, resulting in net realized gainsloss on sales of $365,000.    Based upon purchase agreements in place at September 30, 2017 and$0.  With the sale of our largest individual property in the second quarter of 2017, we expect the level of sales of foreclosed properties to be lower in the final quarter of 2017 than experienced in the first nine monthsquarter of 2017.2023, we have no remaining other real estate owned at March 31, 2023.

Nonperforming loans include loans on nonaccrual status and loans delinquent more than 90 days but still accruing.  Nonperforming loans at March 31, 2023 consisted of $75,000 of residential mortgage loans.  As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2023, nonperforming loans were negligible and totaled $521,000,$75,000, or 0.04%0.01% of total portfolio loans, compared to $300,000,$78,000, or 0.02%0.01% of total portfolio loans, at December 31, 2016.2022.

Nonperforming loans at September 30, 2017 consisted of $440,000 of commercial real estate loans, $4,000 of commercial and industrial loans, and $77,000 of consumer and residential mortgage loans.

Foreclosed and repossessed assets include assets acquired in settlement of loans. Foreclosed assets totaled $6.7 million$0 at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and $12.3$2.3 million at December 31, 2016. Of this balance at September 30, 2017, there were 21 commercial real estate properties totaling approximately $6.6 million. The remaining balance was comprised of 4 residential properties totaling approximately $109,000.2022. All properties acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure are initially transferred at their fair value less estimated costs to sell and then evaluated monthly for impairment after transfer using a lower of cost or market approach. Updated property valuations are obtained at least annually on all foreclosed assets.

At September 30, 2017, our foreclosed asset portfolio had a weighted average age held in portfolio of 5.84 years. Below is a breakout of our foreclosed asset portfolio at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 by property type and the percentages the property has been written down since taken into our possession and the combined writedown percentage, including losses taken when the property was loan collateral (dollars in thousands):
  September 30, 2017  December 31, 2016 
Foreclosed Asset Property Type
 
Carrying
Value
  
Foreclosed
Asset
Writedown
  
Combined
Writedown
(Loan and
Foreclosed
Asset)
  
Carrying
Value at
Carrying
Value
  
Foreclosed
Asset
Writedown
  
Combined
Writedown
(Loan and
Foreclosed
Asset)
 
Single Family $---   ---%  ---% $136   ---%  20.3%
Residential Lot  109   46.9   73.1   438   30.1   48.0 
Multi-Family  ---   ---   ---   ---   ---   --- 
Vacant Land  2,246   46.8   53.6   3,096   47.2   58.3 
Residential Development  2,218   29.5   71.3   2,570   36.2   74.2 
Commercial Office  ---   ---   ---   240   49.3   51.1 
Commercial Industrial  ---   ---   ---   ---   ---   --- 
Commercial Improved  2,088   9.3   28.8   5,773   48.7   51.2 
  $6,661   32.5   58.1  $12,253   45.2   60.1 
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The following table shows the composition and amount of our nonperforming assets (dollars in thousands):

 
September 30,
2017
  
December 31,
2016
  
March 31,
2023
  
December 31,
2022
 
Nonaccrual loans $521  $300  $75  $78 
Loans 90 days or more delinquent and still accruing  ---   ---       
Total nonperforming loans (NPLs)  521   300  75  78 
Foreclosed assets  6,661   12,253    2,343 
Repossessed assets  ---   ---       
Total nonperforming assets (NPAs) $7,182  $12,553  $75  $2,421 
        
NPLs to total loans  0.04%  0.02% 0.01% 0.01%
NPAs to total assets  0.40%  0.72% 0.00% 0.08%


We adopted ASU 2022-02 effective January 1, 2023.  This standard eliminated the previous troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) accounting model and replaced it with guidance and disclosure requirements for identifying modifications to loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.  The following table shows the composition and amountbalance of our troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) at September 30, 2017 and Decemberloans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as of March 31, 20162023 (dollars in thousands):

  September 30, 2017  December 31, 2016 
  Commercial  Consumer  Total  Commercial  Consumer  Total 
Performing TDRs $12,974  $8,609  $21,583  $17,786  $12,051  $29,837 
Nonperforming TDRs (1)  322   55   377   141   8   149 
Total TDRs $13,296  $8,664  $21,960  $17,927  $12,059  $29,986 
  March 31, 2023 
  
Number of
Loans
  
Outstanding
Recorded
Balance
  
Percentage to
Total
Loans
 
Commercial and industrial  3  $309   0.07%
Commercial real estate  3   509   0.09%
Consumer  32   2,847   1.39%
   38  $3,665   0.30%


(1)Included in nonperforming asset table above

We had a totalAllowance for credit losses: The allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2023 was $16.8 million, an increase of $22.0 million and $30.0 million of loans whose terms have been modified in TDRs as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.  These loans may have involved the restructuring of terms to allow customers to mitigate the risk of foreclosure by meeting a lower loan payment requirement based upon their current cash flow.  These may also include loans that renewed at existing contractual rates, but below market rates for comparable credit.  For each restructuring, a comprehensive credit underwriting analysis of the borrower’s financial condition and prospects of repayment under the revised terms is performed to assess whether the structure can be successful and that cash flows will be sufficient to support the restructured debt.  An analysis is also performed to determine whether the restructured loan should be on accrual status.  Generally, if the loan is on accrual at the time of restructure, it will remain on accrual after the restructuring.  In some cases, a nonaccrual loan may be placed on accrual at restructuring if the loan’s actual payment history demonstrates it would have cash flowed under the restructured terms.  After six consecutive payments under the restructured terms, a nonaccrual restructured loan is reviewed for possible upgrade to accruing status.  In situations where there is a subsequent modification or renewal and the loan is brought to market terms, including a contractual interest rate not less than a market interest rate for new debt with similar credit risk characteristics, the TDR and impaired designations may be removed.  Total TDRs decreased by $8.0$1.5 million from December 31, 2016 to September 30, 2017.  Of this decrease, $2.4 million related to a consumer property that was sold during the period and the remainder of the decrease was primarily due to paydowns on commercial TDRs.

As with other impaired loans, an allowance for loan loss is estimated for each TDR based on the most likely source of repayment for each loan.  For impaired commercial real estate loans that are collateral dependent, the allowance is computed based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, less estimated costs to sell.  For impaired commercial loans where repayment is expected from cash flows from business operations, the allowance is computed based on a discounted cash flow computation.  Certain groups of TDRs, such as residential mortgages, have common characteristics and for them the allowance is computed based on a discounted cash flow computation on the change in weighted rate for the pool.  The allowance allocations for commercial TDRs where we have reduced the contractual interest rate are computed by measuring cash flows using the new payment terms discounted at the original contractual rate.

Allowance for loan losses:2022.  The allowance for loan losses at September 30, 2017 was $16.4 million, a decrease of $528,000 from $17.0 million at December 31, 2016.  The balance of the allowance for loancredit losses represented 1.30%1.38% of total portfolio loans at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and 1.30% at December 31, 2016.2022.   The allowance for loancredit losses to nonperforming loan coverage ratio decreasedincreased from 5654%19596.2% at December 31, 20162022 to 3154%22392.0% at September 30, 2017.March 31, 2023.

We adopted the Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”) standard effective January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures.  Results for reporting periods after January 1, 2023 are presented under CECL while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with the probable incurred loss accounting standards.  The transition adjustment of the CECL adoption included an increase in the allowance for credit losses of $1.5 million, $62,000 to establish a reserve for unfunded commitments and a $1.2 million decrease to retained earnings to reflect the cumulative effect of adoption of CECL, with the $323,000 tax impact portion being recorded as part of the deferred tax asset on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

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The table below shows the changes in thesecertain credit metrics over the past five quarters:quarters (dollars in thousands):

  
Quarter Ended
March 31,
2023
  
Quarter Ended
December 31,
2022
  
Quarter Ended
September 30,
2022
  
Quarter Ended
June 30,
2022
  
Quarter Ended
March 31,
2022
 
Nonperforming loans $75  $78  $85  $90  $90 
Other real estate owned and repo assets     2,343   2,343   2,343   2,343 
Total nonperforming assets  75   2,421   2,428   2,433   2,433 
Net charge-offs (recoveries)  (33)  (89)  (190)  (15)  (227)
Total delinquencies  277   172   84   197   171 
 
(Dollars in millions) 
Quarter Ended
September 30,
2017
  
Quarter Ended
June 30,
2017
  
Quarter Ended
March 31,
2017
  
Quarter Ended
December 31,
2016
  
Quarter Ended
September 30,
2016
 
Commercial loans $949.2  $949.8  $962.1  $967.3  $923.2 
Nonperforming loans  0.5   0.7   0.4   0.3   0.2 
Other real estate owned and repo assets  6.7   7.1   12.1   12.3   13.1 
Total nonperforming assets  7.2   7.8   12.5   12.6   13.3 
Net charge-offs (recoveries)  (0.2)  (0.4)  (0.2)  (1.2)  (0.1)
Total delinquencies  0.8   0.8   0.9   1.4   0.3 

As discussed earlier,At March 31, 2023, we have had net loan recoveries in eachthirty-one of the last elevenpast thirty-three quarters.  Our total delinquencies have continued to be negligiblewere $277,000 at March 31, 2023 and were $872,000 at September 30, 2017 and $1.4 million$172,000 at December 31, 2016.2022.  Our delinquency percentage at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 was just 0.07%, well below the Bank’s peers.0.02%.

These factors all impact our necessary level of allowance for loan losses and our provision for loan losses. The allowance for loancredit losses decreased $528,000increased $1.5 million in the first ninethree months of 2017.2023.  As discussed above, the increase in the first three months of 2023 was due to the effect of adopting CECL on January 1, 2023.  We recorded a negative provision for loancredit losses expense of $1.35 million$0 for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 compared to a negative $1.1provision benefit of $1.5 million for the same period of 2016.2022.  Net loan recoveries were $822,000$33,000 for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2023, compared to net loan recoveries of $866,000$227,000 for the same period in 2016.2022. The ratio of net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans was -0.09%-0.01% on an annualized basis for the first ninethree months of 2017, compared to -0.10%2023 and -0.03% for the first ninethree months of 2016.2022.

We are encouraged by the reduced levelWhile we have experienced low levels of gross charge-offs over recent quarters. We do, however,quarters, we recognize that future charge-offs and resulting provisions for loancredit losses are expected to be impacted by the timing and extent of changes in the overall economy and the real estate markets. We believe we have seen some stabilization in economic conditions and real estate markets.  However, we expect it to take additional time for sustained improvement in the economy and real estate markets in order to further reduce our impaired loans.

OurThe allowance for credit loss accounting in effect at December 31, 2022 and all prior periods was based on our estimate of probable incurred loan losses is maintained at a level believed appropriate based upon our assessmentas of the probable estimatedreporting date (“incurred loss” methodology).  Under the CECL methodology, our allowance is based on the total amount of credit losses inherent inthat are expected over the remaining life of the loan portfolio.  Our methodology for measuring the appropriate levelestimate of allowance and related provision for loancredit losses under CECL is determined using a complex model that relies on historical loss information including our own history as well as peer loss history, reasonable and supportable economic forecasts, and various qualitative factors.
The primary risk elements with respect to our commercial loans are the financial condition of the borrower, sufficiency of collateral and timeliness of scheduled payments.  We have a policy of reviewing periodic financial statements from commercial loan customers and have a disciplined and formalized review of the existence of collateral and its value.  The primary risk element with respect to residential and consumer loans is the timeliness of scheduled payments.  We have a reporting process that monitors past due loans and have adopted policies to pursue creditors’ rights in order to preserve our collateral position.  Over the past several key elements, which include specific allowances for loans considered impaired, general allowanceyears, consumer delinquency has been nominal.
Under CECL, for commercial loans not considered impairedidentified as collateral dependent, we estimate the CECL reserve based upon applying our loan rating system, and general allocations based on historical trends for homogeneous loan groups with similar risk characteristics.

Overall, impaired loans declined by $7.7 million to $22.0 million at September 30, 2017 compared to $29.7 million at December 31, 2016.  The specific allowance for impaired loans decreased $350,000 to $1.3 million at September 30, 2017, compared to $1.7 million at December 31, 2016.  The specific allowance for impaired loans represented 6.1% of total impaired loans at September 30, 2017 and 5.7% at December 31, 2016.  The overall balance of impaired loans remained elevated partially due to an accounting rule (ASU 2011-02) adopted in 2011 that requires us to identify classified loans that renew at existing contractual rates as TDRs if the contractual rate is less than market rates for similar loans at the time of renewal.

The general allowance allocated to commercial loans that were not considered to be impaired was based upon the internal risk grade of such loans.  We use a loan rating method based upon an eight point system.  Loans are stratified between real estate secured and non realnon-real estate secured.  The real estate secured portfolio is further stratified by the type of real estate.  Each stratified portfolio is assigned a loss allocation factor.  A higher numerical grade assigned to a loan category generally results in a greater allocation percentage.  Changes in risk grade of loans affect the amount of the allowance allocation.


We believe our commercial portfolio is adequately diversified, with our largest commercial concentrations in Real Estate, Rental and Leasing (27.5%), followed by Manufacturing (13.3%) and Retail Trade (11.7%).

The determinationtable below breaks down our commercial loan portfolio by industry type at March 31, 2023 and identifies the percentage of loans in each type that have a pass rating within our loss factors is based upon our actual loss history by loan gradegrading system (4 or better) and adjusted for significant factors that,criticized rating (5 or worse) (dollars in management's judgment, affect the collectability of the portfolio as of the analysis date.  We use a rolling 18 month actual net chargeoff history as the base for our computation.  Over the past few years, the 18 month period computations have reflected sizeable decreases in net chargeoff experience.  We addressed this volatility in the qualitative factor considerations applied in our allowance for loan losses computation. Adjustments to the qualitative factors also involved consideration of different loss periods for the Bank, including 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 month periods. We also considered the extended period of improved asset quality in assessing the overall qualitative component.  thousands):
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  Total  
Percent of
Total Loans
  
Percent Grade 4 or
Better
  
Percent Grade 5 or
Worse
 
Industry:            
Agricultural Products $47,478   4.67%  85.04%  14.96%
Mining and Oil Extraction  397   0.04%  89.17%  10.83%
Construction  86,876   8.54%  97.56%  2.44%
Manufacturing  134,851   13.26%  96.34%  3.66%
Wholesale Trade  68,215   6.71%  100.00%  0.00%
Retail Trade  119,262   11.73%  99.95%  0.05%
Transportation and Warehousing  68,983   6.78%  99.94%  0.06%
Information  567   0.06%  5.47%  94.53%
Finance and Insurance  44,467   4.37%  100.00%  0.00%
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing  279,131   27.45%  99.98%  0.02%
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services  5,807   0.57%  96.68%  3.32%
Management of Companies and Enterprises  756   0.07%  100.00%  0.00%
Administrative and Support Services  24,246   2.38%  98.41%  1.59%
Education Services  4,639   0.46%  100.00%  0.00%
Health Care and Social Assistance  37,907   3.73%  100.00%  0.00%
Arts, Entertainment and Recreation  3,588   0.35%  91.56%  8.44%
Accommodations and Food Services  51,198   5.04%  86.78%  13.22%
Other Services  38,334   3.77%  100.00%  0.00%
Total commercial loans $1,016,702   100.00%  97.78%  2.22%
Considering the change in our qualitative factors and our commercial loan portfolio balances, the general allowance allocated to commercial loans was $12.0$13.8 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 (under CECL) and $12.1$12.8 million at December 31, 2016.  This resulted in a general reserve percentage allocated at September 30, 2017 of 1.29% of commercial loans, an increase from 1.27% at December 31, 2016.2022 (under incurred loss).  The qualitative component of our allowance allocated to commercial loans was $12.0$11.2 million at September 30, 2017 (down from $12.4March 31, 2023 (under CECL) compared to $12.7 million at December 31, 2016)2022 (under incurred loss).  Under CECL, we use historical peer loss history so the quantitative component receives a higher allocation and, with the addition of reasonable and supportable forecast assumption under CECL in choosing the historical loss period, less qualitative allocations related to economic conditions are necessary.
 
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Groups of homogeneous loans, such as residential real estate and open- and closed-end consumer loans, receive allowance allocations based on loan type.  A rolling 12 month (four quarter) historical loss experience period was applied to residential mortgage and consumer loan portfolios.  As with commercial loans that are not considered impaired, theThe determination of the allowance allocation percentage is based principally on ourpeer historical loss experience.experience under CECL.  These allocations are adjusted for consideration of general economic and business conditions, credit quality and delinquency trends, collateral values, and recent loss experience for these similar pools of loans.  The homogeneous loan allowance for credit losses for consumer loans was $3.0$2.8 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 (under CECL) and $3.1$2.2 million at December 31, 2016.2022 (under incurred loss).

Allowance for credit losses allocated to loans identified as collateral dependent were $6,000 at March 31, 2023 (under CECL).  Allowance allocations for loans identified as impaired at December 31, 2022 (under incurred loss) were $295,000.
The allowance allocations are not intended to imply limitations on usage of the allowance for loan losses.  The entire allowance for loancredit losses is available for any loan lossesloss without regard to loan type.

See Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies in this Form 10-Q for further descriptions of our allowance for credit loss estimation process.  See also Note 3 - Loans in this Form 10-Q for further information regarding our loan portfolio and allowance.
Bank-Owned Life Insurance:  Bank-owned life insurance increased $212,000 from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2023 due to earnings on the underlying policies.
Premises and Equipment:   Premises and equipment totaled $46.8$40.2 million at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2023, down $3.2 million$57,000 from $50.0$40.3 million at December 31, 2016.  During the second quarter of 2017 we sold a property in northwest Grand Rapids that had been held for future branch expansion for $590,000, recognizing a net loss on sale of $70,000.   During the third quarter of 2017, we sold a property in southwest Grand Rapids (Metro Village) that had been held for future branch expansion for $1.2 million, recognizing a net loss on sale of $176,000.2022.

Deposits and Other Borrowings: Total deposits increased $57.5decreased $284.2 million to $1.51$2.33 billion at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2023, as compared to $1.45$2.62 billion at December 31, 2016.  2022.   While the Bank experienced a decline in deposit balances during the three months ended March 31, 2023, most of the decline took place prior to the early March 2023 bank failures noted earlier.  We experienced a seasonal run up in business deposits of about $90 million in December 2022, which came back out in January 2023.  In addition, a couple of large business customers removed deposits totaling nearly $90 million in early March 2023 for specific designated purposes.  We saw very little change in our deposit balances overall following the news of the bank failures and banking system disruption.

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Our deposit base is primarily made up of many small accounts, and balances at March 31, 2023 were comprised of 48% personal customers and 52% business customers.  Our core deposits - which we define as deposits we have sourced within our local markets - represented 100% of our total deposits at March 31, 2023.  Our total balances of $2.33 billion at March 31, 2023 remain elevated, reflecting a $625.5 million increase, or 37%, over pre-pandemic totals of $1.71 billion as of March 31, 2020.
Non-interest checking account balances decreased $4.1$144.4 million during the ninefirst three months of 2017.2023.  Interest bearing demand account balances increased $11.0decreased $151.9 million and savings and money market account balances increased $32.0decreased $63.5 million in the first ninethree months of 2017.2023 as municipal and business customers have begun deploying their excess balances they carried during the pandemic, including stimulus funding.  Certificates of deposits increased by $18.6$75.6 million in the first ninethree months of 2017.2023 reflecting our increases in offered interest rates, particularly in the 12-18 month term.  We believe our success in maintaining the balances of personal and business checking and savings accounts was primarily attributable to our focus on quality customer service, the desire of customers to deal with a local bank, the convenience of our branch network and the breadth and depth of our sophisticated product line.

Noninterest bearing demand accounts comprised 33%30% of total deposits at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and 35%31% of total deposits at December 31, 2016.  These balances typically increase at year end for many of our commercial customers, then decline in the first quarter.  Because2022.   In recent years, because of the generally low rates paid on interest bearing account alternatives, many of our business customers chose to keep their balances in these more liquid noninterest bearing demand account types.  We have begun to see some of these balances move to higher earning deposit types.  Interest bearing demand, including money market and savings accounts, comprised 61%63% of total deposits at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and 60%64% at December 31, 2016.2022. Time accounts as a percentage of total deposits were 6%7% at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and 5%4% at December 31, 2016.2022.

Deposit balances in excess of the $250,000 FDIC insured limit totaled approximately $962.7 million, or 41% of total deposits, at March 31, 2023 and approximately $1.21 billion, or 45% of total deposits, at December 31, 2022.  As discussed previously, we have sufficient liquid resources to cover all of the uninsured balances at March 31, 2023.
Borrowed funds totaled $113.4 million at September 30, 2017, including $72.1March 31, 2023 consisted of $30.0 million of Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances and $41.2advances.  Borrowed funds at December 31, 2022 consisted of $30.0 million of FHLB advances.  At March 31, 2023, we had $242.3 million in long-term debt associated with trust preferred securities.  Borrowed funds totaled $125.4available borrowing capacity at the FHLB.
CAPITAL RESOURCES
Total shareholders’ equity of $260.6 million at March 31, 2023 reflected an increase of $13.5 million from $247.0 million at December 31, 2016, including $84.2 million of FHLB advances and $41.2 million in long-term debt associated with trust preferred securities.  Borrowed funds decreased by $12.1 million in the first nine months of 2017 primarily due to an early payoff of $10.0 million of an FHLB advance in July 2017.
CAPITAL RESOURCES

Total shareholders' equity of $173.5 million at September 30, 2017 increased $11.2 million from $162.2 million at December 31, 2016.2022. The increase was primarily a result of net income of $14.1$12.0 million earned in the first ninethree months of 20172023 and an increasea positive swing of $1.2$5.3 million in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”), partially offset by thea payment of $4.4$2.7 million in cash dividends to shareholders.shareholders and $1.2 million reduction from adoption of the ASU 2016-13 CECL standard on January 1, 2023.  The positive swing in AOCI was attributable to a decrease in market interest rates on bonds during the first quarter 2023 causing an increase in market value on our investment securities available for sale.  The Bank was categorized as “well capitalized” at September 30, 2017.March 31, 2023.  The amount of capital retained by the Bank in excess of well capitalized minimums was $127.2 million at March 31, 2023.

In July 2013, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC approved the final rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's capitalCapital guidelines for U.S. banks (commonlyare commonly known as Basel III). Under the final rules, which began for the Company and the Bank on January 1, 2015 and are subject to a phase-in period through January 1, 2019, minimum requirements will increase for both the quantity and quality of capital held by the Company and the Bank.III guidelines. The rules include a new common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio (CET1 ratio) of 4.5% and a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets, which when fully phased-in, effectively resultsresulting in a minimum CET1 ratio of 7.0%. The Basel III raises the minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets from 4.0% tois 6.0% (which, with the capital conservation buffer, effectively results in a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5% when fully phased-in)), effectively results in aand the minimum total capital to risk-weighted assets ratio ofis 10.5% (with the capital conservation buffer fully phased-in)buffer), and Basel III requires a minimum leverage ratio of 4.0%. Basel III also makes changes to risk weights for certain assets and off-balance-sheet exposures. We expect that theThe capital ratios for the Company and the Bank under Basel III will continuehave continued to exceed the well capitalized minimum capital requirements.
 
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The following table shows our regulatory capital ratios (on a consolidated basis) for the past several quarters:

Macatawa Bank Corporation
  Sept 30,
2017
    June 30,
2017
    March 31,
2017
    Dec 31,
2016
    Sept 30,
2016
  
March 31,
2023
  
Dec 31,
2022
  
Sept 30,
2022
  
June 30,
2022
  
March 31,
2022
 
Total capital to risk weighted assets  15.5%  15.5%  15.1%  14.9%  15.2% 18.1% 17.9% 17.6% 17.5% 17.9%
Common Equity Tier 1 to risk weighted assets  11.7   11.6   11.3   11.0   11.3  17.1  16.9  16.7  16.5  16.9 
Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets  14.4   14.3   14.0   13.7   14.1  17.1  16.9  16.7  16.5  16.9 
Tier 1 capital to average assets  12.0   12.2   12.1   12.0   12.0  10.3  9.7  9.3  9.1  8.8 

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LIQUIDITY
 
Approximately $40.0 million of trust preferred securities outstanding at September 30, 2017 qualified as Tier 1 capital.

LIQUIDITY

Liquidity of Macatawa Bank: The liquidity of a financial institution reflects its ability to manage a variety of sources and uses of funds. Our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows categorize these sources and uses into operating, investing and financing activities. We primarily focus on developing access to a variety of borrowing sources to supplement our deposit gathering activities and provide funds for our investment and loan portfolios. Our sources of liquidity include our borrowing capacity with the FRB'sFRB’s discount window, the Federal Home Loan Bank, federal funds purchased lines of credit and other secured borrowing sources with our correspondent banks, loan payments by our borrowers, maturity and sales of our securities available for sale, maturities of our securities held to maturity, growth of our deposits, federal funds sold and other short-term investments, and the various capital resources discussed above.  In March 2023, the Federal Reserve Bank introduced a new borrowing facility named the Bank Term Funding Program.  This program allows an institution to borrow against its investment portfolio at a fixed rate for up to one year and to use their investment portfolio for liquidity without incurring losses by liquidating those investments.  At March 31, 2023, we would qualify for approximately $642.2 million in such borrowing capacity.

Liquidity management involves the ability to meet the cash flow requirements of our customers. Our customers may be either borrowers with credit needs or depositors wanting to withdraw funds. Our liquidity management involves periodic monitoring of our assets considered to be liquid and illiquid, and our funding sources considered to be core and non-core and short-term (less than 12 months) and long-term. We have established parameters that monitor, among other items, our level of liquid assets to short-term liabilities, our level of non-core funding reliance and our level of available borrowing capacity. We maintain a diversified wholesale funding structure and actively manage our maturing wholesale sources to reduce the risk to liquidity shortages. We have also developed a contingency funding plan to stress test our liquidity requirements arising from certain events that may trigger liquidity shortages, such as rapid loan growth in excess of normal growth levels or the loss of deposits and other funding sources under extreme circumstances.

We have actively pursued initiatives to maintain a strong liquidity position.  The Bank has reduced its reliance on non-core funding sources, including brokered deposits, and focused on achieving a non-core funding dependency ratio below its peer group average.  We have had no brokered deposits on our balance sheet since December 2011.  We continue to maintain significant on-balance sheet liquidity.  At September 30, 2017,March 31, 2023, the Bank held $131.6$391.3 million of federal funds sold and other short-term investments.  In addition, the Bank had available borrowing capacity from correspondent banks, including the Bank Term Funding Program discussed above, of approximately $304.1$951.0 million as of September 30, 2017.

InMarch 31, 2023.  Finally, because we have maintained the normal coursediscipline of business, we enter into certain contractual obligations, including obligations which are consideredbuying shorter-term bond durations in our overall liquidity management.  The table below summarizes our significant contractual obligations at September 30, 2017 (dollarsinvestment securities portfolio, we have $393.0 million in thousands):bond maturities and paydowns coming into the Bank in the next 24 months ending March 31, 2025.
  
Less than
1 year
  1-3 years  3-5 years  
More than
5 years
 
Long term debt $---  $---  $---  $41,238 
Time deposit maturities  59,436   30,505   2,262   40 
Other borrowed funds  42,118   20,000   10,000   --- 
Operating lease obligations  243   422   ---   --- 
Total $101,797  $50,927  $12,262  $41,278 


In addition to normal loan funding, we also maintain liquidity to meet customer financing needs through unused lines of credit, unfunded loan commitments and standby letters of credit.  The level and fluctuation of these commitments is also considered in our overall liquidity management.  At September 30, 2017,March 31, 2023, we had a total of $495.2$719.0 million in unused lines of credit, $121.8$115.1 million in unfunded loan commitments and $12.1$11.9 million in standby letters of credit.
 
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Liquidity of Holding Company: The primary sources of liquidity for the Company are dividends from the Bank, existing cash resources and the capital markets if the need to raise additional capital arises.  Banking regulations and the laws of the State of Michigan in which our Bank is chartered limit the amount of dividends the Bank may declare and pay to the Company in any calendar year.  Under the state law limitations, the Bank is restricted from paying dividends to the Company in excess of retained earnings.  In 2016,2022, the Bank paid dividends to the Company totaling $6.2$11.9 million.  In the same period, the Company paid $10.9 million in dividends to its shareholders totaling $4.0 million.shareholders.  On February 27, 2017,2023, the Bank paid a dividend totaling $1.8$3.1 million to the Company in anticipation of the common share cash dividend of $0.04$0.08 per share paid on February 28, 20172023 to shareholders of record on February 13, 2017.2023.  The cash distributed for this cash dividend payment totaled $1.4 million.  On May 30, 2017, the Bank paid a dividend totaling $1.9 million to the Company in anticipation of the common share cash dividend of $0.04 per share paid on May 30, 2017 to shareholders of record on May 15, 2017. The cash distributed for this cash dividend payment totaled $1.4 million.  On August 29, 2017, the Bank paid a dividend totaling $2.0 million to the Company in anticipation of the common share cash dividend of $0.05 per share paid on August 30, 2017 to shareholders of record on August 15, 2017.  The cash distributed for this cash dividend payment totaled $1.7$2.7 million.   The Company retained the remaining balance in each period for general corporate purposes.  At September 30, 2017,March 31, 2023, the Bank had a retained earnings balance of $46.6$114.5 million.
 
During 2016, the Company received payments from the Bank totaling $7.1 million, representing the Bank’s intercompany tax liability for the 2016 tax year, in accordance with the Company’s tax allocation agreement.  During the first nine months of 2017, the Company received payments from the Bank totaling $4.1 million, representing the Bank’s intercompany tax liability for the first nine months of 2017.
The Company has the right to defer interest payments for 20 consecutive quarters on its trust preferred securities if necessary for liquidity purposes.  During the deferral period, the Company may not declare or pay any dividends on its common stock or make any payment on any outstanding debt obligations that rank equally with or junior to the trust preferred securities.

The Company’s cash balance at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 was $6.0$8.1 million.  The Company believes that it has sufficient liquidity to meet its cash flow obligations.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES:

To prepare financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information.  These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and future results could differ.  The allowance for loancredit losses, other real estate owned valuation, loss contingencies, revenue recognition and income taxes are deemed critical due to the required level of management judgment and the use of estimates, making them particularly subject to change.

Our methodology for determining the allowance for loancredit losses and the related provision for loancredit losses is described above in the "Allowance“Allowance for Loan Losses"Credit Losses” discussion.  This area of accounting requires significant judgment due to the number of factors which can influence the collectability of a loan.  Unanticipated changes in these factors could significantly change the level of the allowance for loancredit losses and the related provision for loancredit losses.  Although, based upon our internal analysis, and in our judgment, we believe that we have provided an adequate allowance for loancredit losses, there can be no assurance that our analysis has properly identified all of the probable losses in our loan portfolio.  As a result, we could record future provisions for loancredit losses that may be significantly different than the levels that we recorded in the first ninethree months of 2017.2023.


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Assets acquired through or instead of foreclosure, primarily other real estate owned, are initially recorded at fair value less estimated costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis.  New real estate appraisals are generally obtained at the time of foreclosure and are used to establish fair value.  If fair value declines, a valuation allowance is recorded through expense.  Estimating the initial and ongoing fair value of these properties involves a number of factors and judgments including holding time, costs to complete, holding costs, discount rate, absorption and other factors.

Loss contingencies are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated.  This, too, is an accounting area that involves significant judgment.  Although, based upon our judgment, internal analysis, and consultations with legal counsel we believe that we have properly accounted for loss contingencies, future changes in the status of such contingencies could result in a significant change in the level of contingent liabilities and a related impact to operating earnings.

Noninterest revenue is recognized in accordance with contractual requirements and as we fulfill our obligations under contractual terms.  Most of our noninterest revenue comes from services that are transaction based and such revenue is recognized as the related service is provided.
Our accounting for income taxes involves the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities primarily associated with differences in the timing of the recognition of revenues and expenses for financial reporting and tax purposes.  At September 30, 2017,March 31, 2023, we had gross deferred tax assets of $8.4$10.8 million and gross deferred tax liabilities of $2.4$2.3 million resulting in a net deferred tax asset of $6.0$8.5 million.  Accounting standards require that companies assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against their deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a "more likely than not" standard.  Each reporting period we consider all reasonably available positive and negative evidence and determine whether it is “more likely than not” that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets.  With the positive results in the first nine months of 2017, westandard.  We concluded at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 that no valuation allowance on our net deferred tax asset was required.  Changes in tax laws, changes in tax rates, changes in ownership and our future level of earnings can impact the ultimate realization of our net deferred tax asset.

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Item 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Our primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk and, to a lesser extent, liquidity risk. All of our transactions are denominated in U.S. dollars with no specific foreign exchange exposure. Macatawa Bank has only limited agricultural-related loan assets, and therefore has no significant exposure to changes in commodity prices.

Our balance sheet has sensitivity, in various categories of assets and liabilities, to changes in prevailing rates in the U.S. for prime rate, mortgage rates, U.S. Treasury rates and various money market indexes. Our asset/liability management process aids us in providing liquidity while maintaining a balance between interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities.

We utilize a simulation model as our primary tool to assess the direction and magnitude of variations in net interest income and the economic value of equity (“EVE”) resulting from potential changes in market interest rates. Key assumptions in the model include contractual cash flows and maturities of interest-sensitive assets and interest-sensitive liabilities, prepayment speeds on certain assets, and changes in market conditions impacting loan and deposit pricing. We also include pricing floors on discretionary priced liability products which limit how low various checking and savings products could go under declining interest rates. These floors reflect our pricing philosophy in response to changing interest rates.

We forecast the next twelve months of net interest income under an assumed environment of gradual changes in market interest rates under various scenarios. The resulting change in net interest income is an indication of the sensitivity of our earnings to directional changes in market interest rates. The simulation also measures the change in EVE, or the net present value of our assets and liabilities, under an immediate shift, or shock, in interest rates under various scenarios, as calculated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using market-based discount rates.


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The following table shows the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income over the next twelve months and EVE based on our balance sheet as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

Interest Rate Scenario
 
Economic
Value of
Equity
    
Percent
Change
   
Net Interest
Income
    
Percent
Change
  
Economic
Value of
Equity
  
Percent
Change
  
Net Interest
Income
  
Percent
Change
 
Interest rates up 200 basis points $222,340   (3.71)% $55,481   3.59% $380,272  (6.13)% $92,806  1.64%
Interest rates up 100 basis points  227,555   (1.46)  54,498   1.75  392,526  (3.10) 92,049  0.81 
No change  230,918   ---   53,559   ---  405,104    91,313   
Interest rates down 100 basis points  214,540   (7.09)  51,752   (3.37) 412,343  1.79  90,291  (1.12)
Interest rates down 200 basis points  206,841   (10.43)  50,249   (6.18) 402,802  (0.57) 87,957  (3.68)

If interest rates were to increase, this analysis suggests that we are positioned for an improvement in net interest income over the next twelve months.  If interest rates were to decrease, this analysis suggests we would experience a reduction in net interest income over the next twelve months.

We also forecast the impact of immediate and parallel interest rate shocks on net interest income under various scenarios to measure the sensitivity of our earnings under extreme conditions.

The quarterly simulation analysis is monitored against acceptable interest rate risk parameters by the Asset/Liability Committee and reported to the Board of Directors.

In addition to changes in interest rates, the level of future net interest income is also dependent on a number of other variables, including: the growth, composition and absolute levels of loans, deposits, and other earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities; economic and competitive conditions; potential changes in lending, investing and deposit gathering strategies; and client preferences.
 
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Item 4:
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a)
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.Procedures. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"(“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"(“CFO”), we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) as of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2023, the end of the period covered by this report.

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, as the Company'sCompany’s are designed to do, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating whether the benefits of the controls and procedures that the Company adopts outweigh their costs.

Our CEO and CFO, after evaluating the effectiveness of the Company'sCompany’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this report, have concluded that the Company'sCompany’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission'sCommission’s rules and forms.

(b)
Changes in Internal Controls. During the period covered by this report, there have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION


Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

The following table provides information regarding the Company’s purchase of its own common stock during the first quarter of 2023.  All employee transactions are under stock compensation plans.  These include shares of Macatawa Bank Corporation common stock surrendered to satisfy tax withholding obligations that occur upon the vesting of restricted shares.  The value of the shares withheld is determined based on the closing price of Macatawa Bank Corporation common stock at the date of vesting.  The Company has no publicly announced repurchase plans or programs.

  
Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased
  
Average
Price Paid
Per Share
 
Period      
January 1 - January 31, 2023      
Employee Transactions  1,338  $10.92 
February 1 - February 28, 2023        
Employee Transactions    $ 
March 1 - March 31, 2023        
Employee Transactions    $ 
Total for First Quarter ended March 31, 2023        
Employee Transactions  1,338  $10.92 

Item 6.
EXHIBITS.


Restated Articles of Incorporation. Previously filed with the Commission on April 28, 2011October 27, 2016 in Macatawa Bank Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1.3.1. Here incorporated by reference.
Bylaws. Previously filed with the Commission on February 19, 2015 in Macatawa Bank Corporation'sCorporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, Exhibit 3.1.3.2. Here incorporated by reference.
Restated Articles of Incorporation. Exhibit 3.1 is here incorporated by reference.
Bylaws. Exhibit 3.2 is here incorporated by reference.
4.3Long-Term Debt. The registrant has outstanding long-term debt which at the time of this report does not exceed 10% of the registrant'sregistrant’s total consolidated assets. The registrant agrees to furnish copies of the agreements defining the rights of holders of such long-term debt to the SEC upon request.
Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


 MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION
  
 /s/ Ronald L. Haan
 Ronald L. Haan
 Chief Executive Officer
 (Principal Executive Officer)
  
 /s/ Jon W. Swets
 Jon W. Swets
 Senior Vice President and
 Chief Financial Officer
 (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
  
Dated: October 26, 2017April 27, 2023 


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