Table of Contents


 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
ýQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED June 30, 20182019
 
OR
 
oTRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ___________ TO___________
 
Commission file number 1-16671
 
AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATIONCORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 23-3079390
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
   
1300 Morris DriveChesterbrook,PA 19087-5594
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(610) (610727-7000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of exchange on which registered
Common stockABCNew York Stock Exchange(NYSE)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yesý  No  o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yesý  No o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
 
Large accelerated filerý  Accelerated filer o  Non-accelerated filer o  Smaller reporting company o


If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act o


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o   No  ý
 
The number of shares of common stock of AmerisourceBergen Corporation outstanding as of July 31, 201830, 2019 was 216,356,644.208,325,501.
 




Table of Contents


AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 Page No.
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM I. Financial Statements (Unaudited)
 
AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share data) June 30,
2018
 September 30,
2017
 June 30,
2019
 September 30,
2018
 (Unaudited)   (Unaudited)  
ASSETS  
  
  
  
Current assets:  
  
  
  
Cash and cash equivalents $2,388,928
 $2,435,115
 $2,999,559
 $2,492,516
Accounts receivable, less allowances for returns and doubtful accounts:
$1,059,127 as of June 30, 2018 and $1,050,361 as of September 30, 2017
 11,764,614
 10,303,324
Merchandise inventories 12,074,347
 11,461,428
Accounts receivable, less allowances for returns and doubtful accounts:
$1,070,182 as of June 30, 2019 and $1,036,333 as of September 30, 2018
 11,989,030
 11,314,226
Inventories (Note 1) 11,247,776
 11,918,508
Right to recover asset (Note 1) 1,001,632
 
Prepaid expenses and other 176,512
 103,432
 163,781
 169,122
Total current assets 26,404,401
 24,303,299
 27,401,778
 25,894,372
        
Property and equipment, at cost:  
  
  
  
Land 39,880
 40,302
 44,249
 39,875
Buildings and improvements 1,098,181
 979,589
 936,006
 1,086,909
Machinery, equipment, and other 2,249,802
 2,071,314
 2,344,702
 2,281,124
Total property and equipment 3,387,863
 3,091,205
 3,324,957
 3,407,908
Less accumulated depreciation (1,484,506) (1,293,260) (1,557,531) (1,515,484)
Property and equipment, net 1,903,357
 1,797,945
 1,767,426
 1,892,424
        
Goodwill 6,712,729
 6,044,281
 6,706,506
 6,664,272
Other intangible assets 3,000,912
 2,833,281
 2,330,457
 2,947,828
Other assets 288,193
 337,664
 272,371
 270,942
        
TOTAL ASSETS $38,309,592
 $35,316,470
 $38,478,538
 $37,669,838
        
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY  
  
  
  
Current liabilities:  
  
  
  
Accounts payable $26,449,542
 $25,404,042
 $27,807,403
 $26,836,873
Accrued expenses and other 1,454,537
 1,402,002
 815,331
 881,157
Short-term debt 195,592
 12,121
 166,137
 151,657
Total current liabilities 28,099,671
 26,818,165
 28,788,871
 27,869,687
        
Long-term debt 4,198,112
 3,429,934
 4,018,565
 4,158,532
Long-term financing obligation 371,650
 351,635
 321,364
 352,296
Accrued income taxes 369,789
 84,257
 276,708
 299,600
Deferred income taxes 1,877,480
 2,492,612
 1,871,549
 1,829,410
Other liabilities 116,958
 75,406
 94,284
 110,352
        
Stockholders’ equity:    
    
Common stock, $0.01 par value - authorized, issued, and outstanding:
600,000,000 shares, 283,342,929 shares, and 216,895,892 shares as of June 30, 2018, respectively, and 600,000,000 shares, 280,584,076 shares, and 217,993,598 shares as of September 30, 2017, respectively
 2,833
 2,806
Common stock, $0.01 par value - authorized, issued, and outstanding:
600,000,000 shares, 284,921,792 shares, and 208,379,917 shares as of June 30, 2019, respectively, and 600,000,000 shares, 283,588,463 shares, and 213,217,882 shares as of September 30, 2018, respectively
 2,849
 2,836
Additional paid-in capital 4,695,962
 4,517,635
 4,818,333
 4,715,473
Retained earnings 3,569,371
 2,395,218
 4,186,782
 3,720,582
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (82,020) (95,850) (86,883) (79,253)
Treasury stock, at cost: 66,447,037 shares as of June 30, 2018 and 62,590,478 shares as of September 30, 2017 (5,088,325) (4,755,348)
Treasury stock, at cost: 76,541,875 shares as of June 30, 2019 and 70,370,581 shares as of September 30, 2018 (5,931,659) (5,426,814)
Total AmerisourceBergen Corporation stockholders' equity 3,097,821
 2,064,461
 2,989,422
 2,932,824
Noncontrolling interest 178,111
 
 117,775
 117,137
Total equity 3,275,932
 2,064,461
 3,107,197
 3,049,961
        
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY $38,309,592
 $35,316,470
 $38,478,538
 $37,669,838
See notes to consolidated financial statements.

AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
 Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
 Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data) 2018 2017 2018 2017 2019 2018 2019 2018
Revenue $43,142,309
 $38,707,144
 $124,642,499
 $114,023,811
 $45,239,265
 $43,142,309
 $133,951,319
 $124,642,499
Cost of goods sold 41,930,968
 37,627,269
 121,062,823
 110,649,829
 44,008,026
 41,930,968
 129,997,744
 121,062,823
Gross profit 1,211,341
 1,079,875
 3,579,676
 3,373,982
 1,231,239
 1,211,341
 3,953,575
 3,579,676
Operating expenses: 

  
 

  
    
    
Distribution, selling, and administrative 626,548
 525,463
 1,802,496
 1,567,853
 656,943
 626,548
 1,941,564
 1,802,496
Depreciation 72,447
 59,478
 210,072
 173,083
 71,716
 72,447
 222,297
 210,072
Amortization 47,598
 40,041
 134,497
 120,185
 35,880
 47,598
 131,565
 134,497
Employee severance, litigation, and other 75,553
 284,517
 143,023
 317,517
 60,006
 75,553
 156,067
 143,023
Impairment of long-lived assets (Note 5) 
 
 570,000
 
Operating income 389,195
 170,376
 1,289,588
 1,195,344
 406,694
 389,195
 932,082
 1,289,588
Other (income) loss (3,158) 1,398
 26,289
 (3,958) (342) (3,158) (11,739) 26,289
Interest expense, net 47,151
 35,603
 131,652
 109,874
 35,921
 47,151
 121,366
 131,652
Loss on consolidation of equity investments 
 
 42,328
 
 
 
 
 42,328
Loss on early retirement of debt 
 
 23,766
 
 
 
 
 23,766
Income before income taxes 345,202
 133,375
 1,065,553
 1,089,428
 371,115
 345,202
 822,455
 1,065,553
Income tax expense (benefit) 67,327
 83,023
 (356,335) 380,357
 69,113
 67,327
 100,627
 (356,335)
Net income 277,875
 50,352
 1,421,888
 709,071
 302,002
 277,875
 721,828
 1,421,888
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest (2,066) 
 3,229
 
 (43) (2,066) 918
 3,229
Net income attributable to AmerisourceBergen
Corporation
 $275,809
 $50,352
 $1,425,117
 $709,071
 $301,959
 $275,809
 $722,746
 $1,425,117
                
Earnings per share:  
  
  
  
        
Basic $1.26
 $0.23
 $6.52
 $3.25
 $1.44
 $1.26
 $3.45
 $6.52
Diluted $1.25
 $0.23
 $6.44
 $3.20
 $1.43
 $1.25
 $3.42
 $6.44
           

    
Weighted average common shares outstanding:  
  
  
  
      
  
Basic 218,569
 218,676
 218,698
 218,336
 209,705
 218,569
 209,484
 218,698
Diluted 220,760
 221,873
 221,297
 221,698
 211,161
 220,760
 211,151
 221,297
                
Cash dividends declared per share of common stock $0.380
 $0.365
 $1.140
 $1.095
 $0.40
 $0.38
 $1.20
 $1.14
 See notes to consolidated financial statements.



AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
 Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
 Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
(in thousands) 2018 2017 2018 2017 2019 2018 2019 2018
Net income $277,875
 $50,352
 $1,421,888
 $709,071
 $302,002
 $277,875
 $721,828
 $1,421,888
Other comprehensive (loss) income 

 

 

 

        
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments (38,620) 10,841
 (32,195) 1,829
Foreign currency translation adjustments (1,158) (38,620) (5,118) (32,195)
Loss on consolidation of equity investments 
 
 45,941
 
 
 
 
 45,941
Other 106
 191
 84
 21
 33
 106
 146
 84
Total other comprehensive (loss) income (38,514) 11,032
 13,830
 1,850
 (1,125) (38,514) (4,972) 13,830
Total comprehensive income 239,361
 61,384
 1,435,718
 710,921
 300,877
 239,361
 716,856
 1,435,718
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to
noncontrolling interest
 (2,066) 
 3,229
 
 (659) (2,066) (1,740) 3,229
Comprehensive income attributable to
AmerisourceBergen Corporation
 $237,295
 $61,384
 $1,438,947
 $710,921
 $300,218
 $237,295
 $715,116
 $1,438,947
See notes to consolidated financial statements.


AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data) Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Treasury Stock Noncontrolling Interest Total
March 31, 2019 $2,846
 $4,790,507
 $3,969,459
 $(85,142) $(5,756,455) $117,116
 $3,038,331
Net income 
 
 301,959
 
 
 43
 302,002
Other comprehensive (loss) income 
 
 
 (1,741) 
 616
 (1,125)
Cash dividends, $0.40 per share 
 
 (84,636) 
 
 
 (84,636)
Exercises of stock options 3
 17,267
 
 
 
 
 17,270
Share-based compensation expense 
 10,562
 
 
 
 
 10,562
Purchases of common stock 
 
 
 
 (174,912) 
 (174,912)
Employee tax withholdings related to    restricted share vesting 
 
 
 
 (292) 
 (292)
Other 
 (3) 
 
 
 
 (3)
June 30, 2019 $2,849
 $4,818,333
 $4,186,782
 $(86,883) $(5,931,659) $117,775
 $3,107,197

(in thousands, except per share data) Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Treasury Stock Noncontrolling Interest Total
March 31, 2018 $2,831
 $4,674,295
 $3,376,993
 $(43,506) $(4,823,063) $176,046
 $3,363,596
Net income 
 
 275,809
 
 
 2,066
 277,875
Other comprehensive loss 
 
 
 (38,514) 
 
 (38,514)
Cash dividends, $0.38 per share 
 
 (83,431) 
 
 
 (83,431)
Exercises of stock options 3
 12,270
 
 
 
 
 12,273
Share-based compensation expense 
 9,396
 
 
 
 
 9,396
Purchases of common stock 
 
 
 
 (265,236) 
 (265,236)
Employee tax withholdings related to    restricted share vesting 
 
 
 
 (26) 
 (26)
Other (1) 1
 
 
 
 (1) (1)
June 30, 2018 $2,833
 $4,695,962
 $3,569,371
 $(82,020) $(5,088,325) $178,111
 $3,275,932























See notes to consolidated financial statements.


AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data) Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Treasury Stock Noncontrolling Interest Total
September 30, 2018 $2,836
 $4,715,473
 $3,720,582
 $(79,253) $(5,426,814) $117,137
 $3,049,961
Adoption of ASC 606 (Note 1) 
 
 (1,482) 
 
 (1,102) (2,584)
Net income (loss) 
 
 722,746
 
 
 (918) 721,828
Other comprehensive (loss) income 
 
 
 (7,630) 
 2,658
 (4,972)
Cash dividends, $1.20 per share 
 
 (255,064) 
 
 
 (255,064)
Exercises of stock options 11
 54,849
 
 
 
 
 54,860
Share-based compensation expense 
 48,431
 
 
 
 
 48,431
Purchases of common stock 
 
 
 
 (498,886) 
 (498,886)
Employee tax withholdings related to    restricted share vesting 
 
 
 
 (5,959) 
 (5,959)
Other 2
 (420) 
 
 
 
 (418)
June 30, 2019 $2,849
 $4,818,333
 $4,186,782
 $(86,883) $(5,931,659) $117,775
 $3,107,197

(in thousands, except per share data) Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Treasury Stock Noncontrolling Interest Total
September 30, 2017 $2,806
 $4,517,635
 $2,395,218
 $(95,850) $(4,755,348) $
 $2,064,461
Consolidation of variable interest entity 
 
 
 
 
 181,341
 181,341
Net income (loss) 
 
 1,425,117
 
 
 (3,229) 1,421,888
Other comprehensive income 
 
 
 13,830
 
 
 13,830
Cash dividends, $1.14 per share 
 
 (250,964) 
 
 
 (250,964)
Exercises of stock options 25
 127,484
 
 
 
 
 127,509
Share-based compensation expense 
 53,604
 
 
 
 
 53,604
Common stock purchases for    employee stock purchase plan 
 (202) 
 
 
 
 (202)
Purchases of common stock 
 
 
 
 (325,444) 
 (325,444)
Employee tax withholdings related to    restricted share vesting 
 
 
 
 (7,533) 
 (7,533)
Other 2
 (2,559) 
 
 
 (1) (2,558)
June 30, 2018 $2,833
 $4,695,962
 $3,569,371
 $(82,020) $(5,088,325) $178,111
 $3,275,932













See notes to consolidated financial statements.

AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)

Nine months ended
June 30,

Nine months ended
June 30,
(in thousands)
2018
2017
2019
2018
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
 



 


Net income attributable to AmerisourceBergen Corporation
$1,425,117

$709,071
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest 3,229
 
Net income 1,421,888
 709,071
 $721,828
 $1,421,888
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:











Depreciation, including amounts charged to cost of goods sold
233,508

192,865

246,290

233,508
Amortization, including amounts charged to interest expense
149,144

127,395

137,835

149,144
Provision for doubtful accounts
5,492

8,651

15,045

5,492
(Benefit) provision for deferred income taxes
(747,367)
225,948
Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes
44,681

(747,367)
Share-based compensation
53,604

51,592

48,431

53,604
LIFO credit (16,142) (82,919) (79,747) (16,142)
Impairment of long-lived assets 570,000
 
Gain on sale of an equity investment (13,692) 
Impairment of non-customer note receivable 30,000
 
 
 30,000
Loss on consolidation of equity investments 42,328
 
 
 42,328
Loss on early retirement of debt 23,766
 
 
 23,766
Other
(15,559)
(767)
(11,603)
(15,559)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of acquisitions and divestitures:





Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of acquisitions:





Accounts receivable
(1,107,631)
(1,419,099)
(672,742)
(1,107,631)
Merchandise inventories
(51,724)
(829,903)
Inventories
(280,148)
(51,724)
Prepaid expenses and other assets
(79,115)
23,844

(5,265)
(79,115)
Accounts payable
463,939

876,977

964,667

463,939
Income taxes payable 269,464
 22,570
 (32,589) 269,464
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 70,448
 217,459
 18,210
 70,448
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES
746,043

123,684

1,671,201

746,043
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
 

 

 

 
Capital expenditures
(248,359)
(371,428)
(230,767)
(248,359)
Cost of acquired companies, net of cash acquired
(783,262)
(61,633)
(64,044)
(783,262)
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-sale


70,008
Purchases of investment securities available-for-sale


(48,635)
Other
5,749

5,122

(2,222)
5,749
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES
(1,025,872)
(406,566)
(297,033)
(1,025,872)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
 

 

 

 
Senior notes and other loan borrowings
1,243,242



479,365

1,243,242
Senior notes and other loan repayments (561,419) (750,000) (480,718) (561,419)
Borrowings under revolving and securitization credit facilities
24,523,375

6,784,159

607,815

24,523,375
Repayments under revolving and securitization credit facilities
(24,506,039)
(6,791,411)
(736,955)
(24,506,039)
Payment of premium on early retirement of debt (22,348) 
 
 (22,348)
Purchases of common stock
(300,444)
(229,928)
(522,778)
(300,444)
Exercises of stock options
127,509

94,325

54,860

127,509
Cash dividends on common stock
(250,964)
(240,168)
(255,064)
(250,964)
Tax withholdings related to restricted share vesting (7,533) (9,339) (5,959) (7,533)
Other
(11,737)
(5,121)
(7,691)
(11,737)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES
233,642

(1,147,483)
DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
(46,187)
(1,430,365)
NET CASH (USED IN) PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES
(867,125)
233,642
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
507,043

(46,187)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
2,435,115

2,741,832

2,492,516

2,435,115
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD
$2,388,928

$1,311,467

$2,999,559

$2,388,928
 See notes to consolidated financial statements.

AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
 
Note 1.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Basis of Presentation
 
The accompanying financial statements present the consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of AmerisourceBergen Corporation and its subsidiaries, including less than wholly-owned subsidiaries in which AmerisourceBergen Corporation has a controlling financial interest (the "Company"), as of the dates and for the periods indicated.  All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information, the instructions to Form 10-Q, and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals, except as otherwise disclosed herein) considered necessary to present fairly the financial position as of June 30, 20182019 and the results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods ended June 30, 20182019 and 20172018 have been included. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, but which are not required for interim reporting purposes, have been omitted. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.2018.
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual amounts could differ from these estimated amounts. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts in order to conform to the current year presentation.


Recently IssuedAdopted Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted


In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)" ("ASU 2014-09"). ASU 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 605 - "Revenue Recognition" and most industry-specific guidance throughout the Codification. ASU 2014-09 outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. The standard's core principle is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 was originally scheduled to be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those reporting periods. In July 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year.


In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) - Principal versus Agent Considerations" ("ASU 2016-08"), which clarifies the implementation guidance for principal versus agent considerations in ASU 2014-09. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) - Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing" ("ASU 2016-10"), which amends the guidance in ASU 2014-09 related to identifying performance obligations and accounting for licenses of intellectual property. The Company mustwas required to adopt ASU 2016-08 and ASU 2016-10 with ASU 2014-09. Entities are permitted to adopt the standards as early as the original public entity effective date of ASU 2014-09, and either full or modified retrospective application is required. collectively ASC 606.

The Company will adopt this standardadopted ASC 606 as of October 1, 2018 on a modified retrospective basis infor all open contracts as of October 1, 2018. The adoption had an immaterial impact on the first quarter of fiscal 2019.

The Company continues to evaluate the impact of adopting ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10,Company’s October 1, 2018 retained earnings and ASU 2014-09. It has conducted a preliminary assessment of the Pharmaceutical Distribution Services reportable segment and the operating segments in Other and doeswill not expect adoption of the new standard to have a material impact on the Company's revenues, results of operations, or cash flows. The Company did not record any material contract assets, contract liabilities, or deferred contract costs in its consolidated financial statements. For example,Consolidated Balance Sheet upon adoption.

The Company's revenues are primarily generated from the majoritydistribution of pharmaceutical products. The Company also generates revenues from global commercialization services, which include clinical trial support, post-approval and commercialization support, and global specialty transportation and logistics for the Pharmaceutical Distribution Services reportable segment'sbiopharmaceutical industry. See Note 13 for the Company's disaggregated revenue.

The Company recognizes revenue related to the distribution of products at a point in time when title and control transfers to customers and there is no further obligation to provide services related to such products. Service revenue is generated from sales of pharmaceutical products, which will continue to be recognized when control of goods is transferredover the period that services are provided to the customer. This preliminary assessmentThe Company is subjectgenerally the principal in a transaction; therefore, revenue is

primarily recorded on a gross basis. When the Company is the principal in a transaction, it has determined that it controls the ability to changedirect the use of the product or service prior to adoption.the transfer to a customer, it is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the product or service to its customer, it has discretion in establishing pricing, and it controls the relationship with the customer. Revenue is recognized at the amount of consideration expected to be received, which is generally based on a purchase order, and is net of estimated sales returns and allowances, other customer incentives, and sales tax.


The Company’s customer sales return policy generally allows customers to return products only if the products can be resold at full value or returned to suppliers for full credit. The Company records an accrual for estimated customer sales returns at the time of sale to the customer based upon historical return trends. As of June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, the Company’s accrual for estimated customer sales returns was $1,001.6 million and $988.8 million, respectively. In fiscal 2019, due to the adoption of ASC 606, the Company records an asset for the right to recover products from its customers in Right to Recover Asset on its Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company's asset for the right to recover products from its customers was included in Inventories on its Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2018 and for all prior periods.

The Company elected the practical expedient to expense costs to obtain a contract when incurred when the amortization period would have been one year or less. Additionally, the Company elected the practical expedients to not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, (ii) contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services performed, and (iii) for contracts for which the variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation or to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

 In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" ("ASU 2016-02"). ASU 2016-02 aims to increase transparency and comparability across organizations by requiring lease assets and lease liabilities to be recognized on the balance sheet as well as key information to be disclosed regarding lease arrangements. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual reporting

periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Entities are permitted to adopt the standard early, and a modified retrospective application is required. The Company anticipates that the adoption of this new accounting standard will have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. However, theThe Company is continuingcontinues to evaluate the impact of adopting this new accounting guidancestandard, and, therefore, cannot reasonably estimate the impact on the results of operations or cash flows at this time. The Company expects tocontinues the process of implementing the adoption of this standard, including the implementation of new lease accounting software, policies, processes, and controls. The Company will adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2020.


In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" ("ASU 2016-13"). ASU 2016-13 requires financial assets measured at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectibility of the reported amounts. An entity must use judgment in determining the relevant information and estimation methods that are appropriate in its circumstances. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and a modified retrospective approach is required, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. Entities are permitted to adopt the standard early in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance.

As of June 30, 2018,2019, there were no other recently-issued accounting standards that may have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows upon their adoption.
 
Note 2.2.  Acquisitions and Investments


NEVSCO


In December 2017, the Company acquired Northeast Veterinary Supply Company ("NEVSCO") for $70.0 million in cash, subject to a final working capital adjustment.million. NEVSCO was an independent, regional distributor of veterinary pharmaceuticals and medical supplies serving primarily the northeast region of the United States and is expected to strengthenstrengthens MWI Animal Health's ("MWI") support of independent veterinary practices and provideprovides even greater value and care to current and future animal health customers. NEVSCO has beenis included within the MWI operating segment.


The purchase price has been preliminarilywas allocated to the underlying assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values aton the date of acquisition. The preliminary allocation is pending the finalization of the appraisals of intangible assets and the finalization of working capital account balances. There can be no assurance that the estimated amounts recorded will represent the final allocation.acquisition. The purchase price currently exceedsexceeded the estimated fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired by $23.6$30.4 million, which was allocated to goodwill. The estimated fair value of accounts receivable, inventory, and accounts payable and accrued expenses acquired was $14.7$8.5 million, $6.7 million, and $4.7$2.9 million, respectively. The estimated fair value of the intangible assets acquired of $29.8 million primarily consisted of customer relationships, which the Company is amortizing over theits estimated useful life of 15 years. Goodwill and intangible assets resulting from the acquisition are expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.


H.D. Smith


In January 2018, the Company acquired H.D. Smith Holding Company ("H.D. Smith") for $815.0 million, subject to a final working capital adjustment.million. The Company funded the acquisition through the issuance of new long-term debt (see Note 6).debt. H.D. Smith was the largest independent pharmaceutical wholesaler in the United States and provides full-line distribution of brand, generic, and specialty drugs, as well as high-value services and solutions for manufacturers and healthcare providers. H.D. Smith's customers include retail pharmacies, specialty pharmacies, long-term care facilities, institutional/hospital systems, and independent physicians and clinics. The acquisition strengthens the Company's core business, expands and enhances its strategic scale in pharmaceutical distribution, and expands the Company's support for independent community pharmacies. H.D. Smith has beenis included within the Pharmaceutical Distribution Services reportable segment.


The purchase price has been preliminarilywas allocated to the underlying assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values aton the date of acquisition. The preliminary allocation is pending the finalization of the appraisals of intangible assets and the finalization of working capital account balances. There can be no assurance that the estimated amounts recorded will represent the final allocation.acquisition. The purchase price currently exceedsexceeded the estimated fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired by $491.7$499.9 million, which was allocated to goodwill. The estimated fair value of accounts receivable, inventory, and accounts payable and accrued expenses acquired was $163.1 million, $350.7 million, and $356.1$366.1 million, respectively. The estimated fair value of the intangible assets acquired of $167.8 million consisted of customer relationships of $156.6 million and a tradename of $11.2 million. The Company is amortizing the fair value of the customer relationships and the tradename over thetheir estimated useful lives of 12 years and 2 years, respectively. The Company established a deferred tax liability of $54.7$60.6 million primarily in connection with the intangible assets acquired. Goodwill and intangible assets resulting from the acquisition are not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

Profarma and Specialty Joint Venture


As previously disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedof September 30, 2017, the Company held a noncontrolling ownership interest in Profarma Distribuidora de Produtos Farmacêuticos S.A. ("Profarma"), a leading pharmaceutical wholesaler in Brazil, and an ownership interest in a joint venture with Profarma to provide specialty distribution and services to the Brazilian marketplace (the "specialty joint venture"). The Company had accounted for these interests as equity method investments, which were reported in Other Assets on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. In January 2018, the Company invested an additional $62.5 million in Profarma and an additional $15.6 million in the specialty joint venture to increase its ownership interests to 38.2% and 64.5%, respectively. In connection with the additional investment in Profarma, the Company received substantial governance rights, thereby requiring it to begin consolidating the operating results of Profarma as of March 31, 2018 (see Note 3). The Company also began to consolidate the operating results of the specialty joint venture as of March 31, 2018 due to its majority ownership interest. In September 2018, the Company made an additional investment of $23.6 million in the specialty joint venture to increase its ownership interest to 89.9%. Profarma and the specialty joint venture have beenare included within the Pharmaceutical Distribution Services reportable segment and Other, respectively.


The fair value of Profarma, including the noncontrolling interest, was determined based upon Profarma's quotedan agreed-upon stock price and has been preliminarilywas allocated to the underlying assets and liabilities consolidated based upon their estimated fair values at the time of the January 2018 investment. The preliminary allocation is pending the finalization of the appraisals of intangible assets and the finalization of working capital account balances. There can be no assurance that the estimated amounts recorded will represent the final fair value allocation. The fair value of Profarma upon obtaining control exceeded the estimated fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets consolidated by $146.5$142.0 million, which was allocated to goodwill. The estimated fair value of accounts receivable, inventory, accounts payable and accrued expenses was $160.1 million, $190.5 million, and $179.2$167.7 million, respectively. The Company consolidated short-term debt and long-term debt of $216.4$209.9 million and $12.5$12.4 million, respectively, cash of $150.8 million, and recorded a noncontrolling interest of $167.3$168.0 million. The estimated fair value of the intangible assets consolidated of $93.2$84.6 million consisted of customer relationships of $49.4$25.9 million and a tradename of $43.8$58.7 million. The Company is amortizing the customer relationships over its estimated useful life of 15 years and the tradenametradenames over their estimated useful lives of between 15 years and 25 years. The Company established a deferred tax liability of $50.1 million primarily in connection with the intangible assets that were consolidated.recognized. Goodwill and intangible assets resulting from the consolidation are not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.


The fair value of the specialty joint venture including the noncontrolling interest, was determined based upon the cost of the incremental ownership percentage acquired from the January 2018 investment and has been preliminarilywas allocated to the underlying assets and liabilities consolidated based upon their estimated fair values at the time of the January 2018 investment. The preliminary allocation is pending the finalization of the appraisals of intangible assets and the finalization of working capital account balances. There can be no assurance that the estimated amounts recorded will represent the final fair value allocation. The fair value of the specialty joint venture currently exceedsexceeded the estimated fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets consolidated by $3.5 million, which was allocated to goodwill. The estimated fair value of accounts receivable, inventory, accounts payable and accrued expenses was $65.0 million, $29.1 million, and $55.6$54.3 million, respectively. The Company consolidated short-term debt and cash of $32.7 million and $28.9 million, respectively, and recorded a noncontrolling interest of $14.0 million.respectively. The estimated fair value of the intangible assets consolidated of $4.6 million is being amortized over its estimated useful life of 15 years. Goodwill and intangible assets resulting from the consolidation are not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.


In connection with the incremental January 2018 Brazil investments, the Company adjusted the carrying values of its previously held equity interests in Profarma and the specialty joint venture to equal their fair values, which were determined to be $103.1 million and $31.2 million, respectively. These represent Level 2 nonrecurring fair value measurements. The adjustments resulted in a pretax loss of $42.3 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 and waswere comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss of $45.9 million, a $12.4 million gain on the remeasurement of Profarma's previously held equity interest, and an $8.8 million loss on the remeasurement of the specialty joint venture's previously held equity interest.


Note 3.3. Variable Interest Entity


The Company first evaluates its investments in accordance with the variable interest model to determine whether it has a controlling financial interest in an investment. This evaluation is made as of the date on which the Company makes its initial investment, and subsequent evaluations are made if the structure of the investment changes. If it has determined that an investment is a variable interest entity ("VIE"), the Company evaluates whether the VIE is required to be consolidated. When the Company holds rights that give it the power to direct the activities of an entity that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance, combined with the obligation to absorb an entity's losses and the right to receive benefits, the Company consolidates a VIE. If it is determined that an investment is not a VIE, the Company then evaluates its investments under the voting interest model and generally consolidates investments in which it holds an ownership interest of greater than 50%. When the Company consolidates less than wholly-owned subsidiaries, it discloses its noncontrolling interest in its consolidated financial statements.

As discussed in Note 2, the Company made an additional investment in Profarma.Profarma in January 2018. In connection with this investment, the Company obtained substantial governance rights, allowing it to direct the activities that significantly impact Profarma’s economic performance. As such, the Company consolidated the operating results of Profarma in its consolidated financial statements as of and for the periods ended June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018. The Company is not obligated to provide future financial support to Profarma.


The following assets and liabilities of Profarma are included in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet:Sheets:
(in thousands) June 30,
2019
 September 30,
2018
Cash and cash equivalents $26,676
 $26,801
Accounts receivables, net 152,696
 144,646
Inventories 185,342
 168,931
Prepaid expenses and other 64,339
 61,924
Property and equipment, net 33,444
 32,667
Goodwill 82,309
 82,309
Other intangible assets 76,389
 80,974
Other long-term assets 8,952
 8,912
Total assets $630,147
 $607,164
     
Accounts payable $163,224
 $150,102
Accrued expenses and other 52,260
 37,195
Short-term debt 132,459
 115,461
Long-term debt 46,453
 39,704
Deferred income taxes 42,847
 46,137
Other long-term liabilities 6,291
 31,988
Total liabilities $443,534
 $420,587

(in thousands) June 30,
2018
Cash and cash equivalents $40,638
Accounts receivables, net 133,485
Merchandise inventories 143,473
Prepaid expenses and other 61,897
Property and equipment, net 34,065
Goodwill 146,484
Other intangible assets 90,630
Other long-term assets 8,564
Total assets $659,236
   
Accounts payable $132,205
Accrued expenses and other 36,647
Short-term debt 149,327
Long-term debt 5,230
Deferred income taxes 45,573
Other long-term liabilities 33,176
Total liabilities $402,158


Profarma's assets can only be used to settle its obligations, and its creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company.


Note 4.4.  Income Taxes


Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
    
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "2017 Tax Act") was signed into law. The 2017 Tax Act includes a broad range of tax reform provisions affecting businesses, including lower corporate tax rates, changes in business deductions, and international tax provisions. In response to the 2017 Tax Act, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118") to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations where a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act. SAB 118 provides that the measurement period is complete when a company's accounting is complete, and that measurement period shall not extend beyond one year from the enactment date. SAB 118 provides guidance for registrants under three scenarios: (i) measurement of certain income tax effects is complete, (ii) measurement of certain income tax effects can be reasonably estimated, and (iii) measurement of certain income tax effects cannot be reasonably estimated.

The Company has analyzedcompleted the income taxaccounting for the effects of the 2017 Tax Act and determined that measurement of the income tax effects can be reasonably estimated, and, as such, provisional amounts have been recorded. For the nine months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recognized discrete income tax benefits of $587.6 million in Income Tax Expense (Benefit) on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations related to effects of the 2017 Tax Act, which are comprised of the following:
(a)in accordance withAccounting Standards Codification No. 740, which requires deferred taxes to be remeasured in the year offiscal quarter ended December 31, 2018 and recognized an income tax rate change, the Company recorded a discrete deferred income tax benefit of $897.6$37.0 million related to a decrease in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 as a result of applying a lower U.S. federal incomeits tax rate to the Company's net deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2017; and

(b) the 2017 Tax Act also requires a one-time transition tax to be recognized on historical foreign earnings and profits. In the nine months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recorded a discrete current income tax expense of $310.0 million on historical foreign earnings and profits through December 31, 2017.


No2017 (the "transition tax"). This measurement period adjustments were made since December 31, 2017.

The measurement of incomeadjustment favorably impacted the Company's effective tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act cannot currently be completed due to the effective date of certain aspects of the 2017 Tax Act, including the impact on state taxes. Accordingly, the Company has recognized provisional amounts for the impact of the 2017 Tax Act within the accompanying interim unaudited consolidated financial statements as of andrate by 4.5% for the nine months ended June 30, 2018 and2019. The Company expects to finalizepay $182.6 million related to the measurementtransition tax, which is net of all amountsoverpayments and tax credits, over a six-year period commencing in January 2021. There were no adjustments recorded to deferred income taxes related to the 2017 Tax Act induring the fiscal quarter endingthree months ended December 31, 2018.


Other Information


The Company files income tax returns in U.S. federal and state jurisdictions as well as various foreign jurisdictions. As of June 30, 2018,2019, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits, defined as the aggregate tax effect of differences between tax return positions and the benefits recognized in the Company’s financial statements, of $254.5$112.5 million ($227.985.0 million, net of federal benefit). Included in unrecognized tax positions as of June 30, 2018 is approximately $150.5 million related to a $625.0 million civil litigation reserve, plus accrued interest (see Note 10). If recognized, $209.6$66.8 million of these tax benefits would reducehave reduced income tax expense and the effective tax rate. Included in this amount is $15.9$17.4 million of interest and penalties, which the Company records in income tax expense.Income Tax Expense (Benefit) in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations. In the nine months ended June 30, 2018,2019, unrecognized tax benefits decreased by $83.9 million primarily due to the impact of the 2017 Tax Act.$0.4 million. Over the next 12 months, it is reasonably possible that state tax audit resolutions and the expiration of statutes of limitations and the payment of the civil litigation settlement amount could result in a reduction of unrecognized tax benefits by approximately $155.4$4.6 million.


The Company's effective tax rates were 18.6% and 12.2% for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. The Company's effective tax rates were 19.5% and (33.4)% for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018.2018, respectively. The effective tax rate in the nine months ended June 30, 2019 was primarily impacted by the $570.0 million impairment of long-lived

assets (see Note 5), which changed the mix of domestic and international income. The effective tax rate in the nine months ended June 30, 2019 was also impacted by the $37.0 million decrease to the Company's transition tax related to the 2017 Tax Act. The effective tax rate in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 reflectswas primarily impacted by the benefit fromeffect of the 2017 Tax Act. The Company's effective tax rates were 62.2% and 34.9% for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. The effective tax rates in the prior year periods were negatively impacted by non-deductible legal settlement charges. The Company's effective tax rates for all interim periods reported herein were favorably impacted by the Company's international businesses in Switzerland and Ireland, which have significantly lower income tax rates, and the benefit from stock option exercises and restricted stock vesting.
 
Note 5.  Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 
The following is a summary of the changes in the carrying value of goodwill, by reportable segment, for the nine months ended June 30, 2018:2019:
(in thousands) 
Pharmaceutical
Distribution
Services
 Other Total
Goodwill as of September 30, 2018 $4,852,775
 $1,811,497
 $6,664,272
Goodwill recognized in connection with acquisitions 
 43,245
 43,245
Foreign currency translation 
 (1,011) (1,011)
Goodwill as of June 30, 2019 $4,852,775
 $1,853,731
 $6,706,506

(in thousands) 
Pharmaceutical
Distribution
Services
 Other Total
Goodwill as of September 30, 2017 $4,270,550
 $1,773,731
 $6,044,281
Goodwill recognized in connection with acquisitions and investments 638,171
 32,036
 670,207
Foreign currency translation 
 (1,759) (1,759)
Goodwill as of June 30, 2018 $4,908,721
 $1,804,008
 $6,712,729


The following is a summary of other intangible assets:
  June 30, 2019 September 30, 2018
(in thousands) Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
Indefinite-lived trade names   $685,348
 $
 $685,348
 $685,380
 $
 $685,380
Finite-lived:              
   Customer relationships 14 years 1,931,686
 (460,626) 1,471,060
 2,549,245
 (555,440) 1,993,805
   Trade names and other 13 years 271,033
 (96,984) 174,049
 397,946
 (129,303) 268,643
Total other intangible assets   $2,888,067
 $(557,610) $2,330,457
 $3,632,571
 $(684,743) $2,947,828
  June 30, 2018 September 30, 2017
(in thousands) 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
Indefinite-lived trade names $685,341
 $
 $685,341
 $685,088
 $
 $685,088
Finite-lived:            
   Customer relationships 2,572,895
 (519,076) 2,053,819
 2,329,665
 (408,636) 1,921,029
   Trade names and other 384,356
 (122,604) 261,752
 325,353
 (98,189) 227,164
Total other intangible assets $3,642,592
 $(641,680) $3,000,912
 $3,340,106
 $(506,825) $2,833,281

 
Amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was $47.6$35.9 million and $40.0$47.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, respectively. Amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was $134.5$131.6 million and $120.2$134.5 million in the nine months ended June 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, respectively. Amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets is estimated to be $182.0 million in fiscal 2018, $185.7$164.6 million in fiscal 2019, $177.0$133.9 million in fiscal 2020, $173.3$130.0 million in fiscal 2021, $171.7$128.4 million in fiscal 2022, $127.2 million in fiscal 2023, and $1,560.4$1,092.6 million thereafter.

After U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") inspections of PharMEDium Healthcare Holdings, Inc.'s ("PharMEDium") compounding facilities, the Company voluntarily suspended production activities in December 2017 at its largest compounding facility located in Memphis, Tennessee pending execution of certain remedial measures. On May 17, 2019, PharMEDium reached an agreement on the terms of a consent decree (the "Consent Decree") with the FDA and the Consumer Protection Branch of the Civil Division of the Department of Justice ("DOJ") that was entered by the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on May 22, 2019. The Consent Decree permits commercial operations to continue at PharMEDium’s Dayton, New Jersey and Sugar Land, Texas compounding facilities and administrative operations to continue at its Lake Forest, Illinois headquarters subject to compliance with requirements set forth therein. As required by the Consent Decree, the Company has commenced audit inspections by an independent current Good Manufacturing Practice ("cGMP") expert of the Dayton and Sugar Land facilities to determine that the facilities are being operated in conformity with cGMP. Additional audit inspections by the independent cGMP expert of the Sugar Land and Dayton facilities are also required at least annually for a period of four years.

The Consent Decree also establishes requirements that must be satisfied prior to the resumption of commercial operations at the Memphis, Tennessee facility. The requirements include a work plan approved by the FDA and an audit inspection and certification by an independent cGMP expert that the facilities, methods and controls at the Memphis facility and PharMEDium’s Lake Forest, Illinois headquarters comply with the Consent Decree. If PharMEDium receives written notification from the FDA of compliance with the requirements to resume operations at the Memphis facility, additional audit inspections are required for five years, during which time PharMEDium must correct any deviations from the Consent Decree observed by the independent cGMP expert.


After five years, PharMEDium may petition the district court for full relief from the Consent Decree, or for specific relief with regard to one or more facilities. If, at the time of such petition, all obligations under the Consent Decree with respect to the specific facilities for which PharMEDium is seeking relief have been satisfied, and there has been continuous compliance with the Consent Decree for at least five years, the United States will not oppose the petition, and PharMEDium may request that the district court grant such relief.
As a result of the suspension of production activities at PharMEDium's compounding facility located in Memphis, Tennessee and the aforementioned regulatory matters, the Company performed a recoverability assessment of PharMEDium's long-lived assets and recorded a $570.0 million impairment loss in the quarter ended March 31, 2019 for the amount that the carrying value of the PharMEDium asset group exceeded its fair value. Prior to the impairment, the carrying value of the asset group was $792 million. The fair value of the asset group was $222 million as of March 31, 2019. The PharMEDium asset group is included in the Pharmaceutical Distribution Services reportable segment. Significant assumptions used in estimating the fair value of PharMEDium's asset group included (i) a 15% discount rate, which contemplated a higher risk at PharMEDium; (ii) the estimated costs and length of time necessary to address the FDA compliance matters; (iii) the period in which PharMEDium will resume production at or near capacity; and (iv) the estimated operating margins when considering the likelihood of higher operating and compliance costs. The Company believes that its fair value assumptions were representative of market participant assumptions; however, the forecasted cash flows used to estimate fair value and measure the related impairment are inherently uncertain and include assumptions that could differ from actual results in future periods. This represents a Level 3 nonrecurring fair value measurement. The Company allocated $522.1 million of the impairment to finite-lived intangibles and $47.9 million of the impairment to property and equipment.
The Company updated its recoverability assessment of PharMEDium’s long-lived assets as of June 30, 2019. The carrying value of the asset group was $182 million as of June 30, 2019. The Company concluded that PharMEDium’s long-lived assets were recoverable as of June 30, 2019.
Note 6.6.  Debt
 
Debt consisted of the following:
(in thousands) June 30,
2019
 September 30,
2018
Revolving credit note $
 $
Term loans due in 2020 399,710
 398,665
Overdraft facility due 2021 (£30,000) 33,657
 13,269
Receivables securitization facility due 2021 350,000
 500,000
Multi-currency revolving credit facility due 2023 
 
$500,000, 3.50% senior notes due 2021 498,779
 498,392
$500,000, 3.40% senior notes due 2024 497,621
 497,255
$500,000, 3.25% senior notes due 2025 496,141
 495,632
$750,000, 3.45% senior notes due 2027 742,889
 742,258
$500,000, 4.25% senior notes due 2045 494,460
 494,298
$500,000, 4.30% senior notes due 2047 492,422
 492,222
Capital lease obligations 40
 745
Nonrecourse debt 178,983
 177,453
Total debt 4,184,702
 4,310,189
Less AmerisourceBergen Corporation current portion 33,678
 13,976
Less nonrecourse current portion 132,459
 137,681
Total, net of current portion $4,018,565
 $4,158,532
(in thousands) June 30,
2018
 September 30,
2017
Revolving credit note $
 $
Receivables securitization facility due 2019 500,000
 500,000
Term loans due in 2020 473,464
 547,860
Multi-currency revolving credit facility due 2021 
 
Overdraft facility due 2021 28,732
 12,121
$400,000, 4.875% senior notes due 2019 
 398,399
$500,000, 3.50% senior notes due 2021 498,263
 497,877
$500,000, 3.40% senior notes due 2024 497,132
 496,766
$500,000, 3.25% senior notes due 2025 495,463
 494,950
$750,000, 3.45% senior notes due 2027 742,047
 
$500,000, 4.25% senior notes due 2045 494,244
 494,082
$500,000, 4.30% senior notes due 2047 492,155
 
Capital lease obligations 1,434
 
Nonrecourse debt 170,770
 
Total debt 4,393,704
 3,442,055
Less AmerisourceBergen Corporation current portion 30,123
 12,121
Less nonrecourse current portion 165,469
 
Total, net of current portion $4,198,112
 $3,429,934

 
Senior Notes
In December 2017, the Company issued $750 million of 3.45% senior notes due December 15, 2027 (the "2027 Notes") and $500 million of 4.30% senior notes due December 15, 2047 (the "2047 Notes"). The 2027 Notes were sold at 99.76% of the principal amount and have an effective yield of 3.48%. The 2047 Notes were sold at 99.51% of the principal amount and have an effective yield of 4.33%. Interest on the 2027 Notes and the 2047 Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears, commencing on June 15, 2018. The 2027 and 2047 Notes rank pari passu to the Company's other senior notes, the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility, the Revolving Credit Note, the Overdraft Facility, and the Term Loans.

The Company used the proceeds from the 2027 Notes and the 2047 Notes to finance the early retirement of the $400 million of 4.875% senior notes that were due in 2019, including the payment of a $22.3 million prepayment premium, and to finance the acquisition of H.D. Smith, which was completed in January 2018 (see Note 2).

Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility


The Company has a $1.4 billion multi-currency senior unsecured revolving credit facility ("Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility"), which expireswas scheduled to expire in November 2021, with a syndicate of lenders. In October 2018, the Company entered into an amendment to, among other things, extend the maturity to October 2023 and modify certain restrictive covenants, including modifications to allow for indebtedness of foreign subsidiaries. Interest on borrowings under the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility accrues at specified rates based on the Company’s debt rating and ranges from 70 basis points to 110 basis points over CDOR/LIBOR/EURIBOR/Bankers Acceptance Stamping Fee, as applicable (91 basis points over CDOR/LIBOR/EURIBOR/Bankers Acceptance Stamping Fee as of June 30, 2018)2019) and from 0 basis points to 10 basis points over the alternate

base rate and Canadian prime rate, as applicable. The Company pays facility fees to maintain the availability under the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility at specified rates based on its debt rating, ranging from 5 basis points to 15 basis points, annually, of the total commitment (9 basis points as of June 30, 2018)2019). The Company may choose to repay or reduce its commitments under the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility at any time. The Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility contains covenants, including compliance with a financial leverage ratio test, as well as others that impose limitations on, among other things, indebtedness of subsidiaries and asset sales, with which the Company was compliant as of June 30, 2018.2019.



Commercial Paper Program


The Company has a commercial paper program whereby it may from time to time issue short-term promissory notes in an aggregate amount of up to $1.4 billion at any one time. Amounts available under the program may be borrowed, repaid, and re-borrowed from time to time. The maturities on the notes will vary, but may not exceed 365 days from the date of issuance. The notes will bear interest, if interest bearing, or will be sold at a discount from their face amounts. The commercial paper program does not increase the Company’s borrowing capacity as it is fully backed by the Company’s Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility. There were no borrowings outstanding under the commercial paper program as of June 30, 2018.2019.


Receivables Securitization Facility


The Company has a $1,450 million receivables securitization facility ("Receivables Securitization Facility"), which expireswas scheduled to expire in November 2019. In October 2018, the Company entered into an amendment to extend the maturity date to October 2021. The Company has available to it an accordion feature whereby the commitment on the Receivables Securitization Facility may be increased by up to $250 million, subject to lender approval, for seasonal needs during the December and March quarters. Interest rates are based on prevailing market rates for short-term commercial paper or LIBOR, plus a program fee. The Company pays a customary unused fee at prevailing market rates, annually, to maintain the availability under the Receivables Securitization Facility. The Receivables Securitization Facility contains similar covenants to the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility, with which the Company was compliant as of June 30, 2018.2019.

Revolving Credit Note and Overdraft Facility
 
The Company has an uncommitted, unsecured line of credit available to it pursuant to a revolving credit note ("Revolving Credit Note"). The Revolving Credit Note provides the Company with the ability to request short-term unsecured revolving credit loans from time to time in a principal amount not to exceed $75 million. The Revolving Credit Note may be decreased or terminated by the bank or the Company at any time without prior notice. The Company also has a £30 million uncommitted U.K. overdraft facility ("Overdraft Facility"), which expires in February 2021, to fund short-term normal trading cycle fluctuations related to its MWI business.


Term Loans

In February 2015,October 2018, the Company entered intorefinanced $400 million of outstanding term loans by issuing a $1.0 billionnew $400 million variable-rate term loan ("February 2015October 2018 Term Loan"), which matures in October 2020. Through June 30,The October 2018 the Company elected to make principal payments, prior to the scheduled repayment dates, of $850 million on the February 2015 Term Loan, and as a result, the Company’s next required principal payment is due upon maturity. The February 2015 Term Loan bears interest at a rate equal either to a base rate plus a margin, or LIBOR, plus a margin.margin of 65 basis points. The margin is based on the public debt ratings of the Company and ranges from 75 basis points to 125 basis points over LIBOR (100 basis points as of June 30, 2018) and 0 basis points to 25 basis points over a base rate. The February 2015October 2018 Term Loan contains similar covenants to the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility, with which the Company was compliant as of June 30, 2018.
In November 2015, the Company entered into a $1.0 billion variable-rate term loan ("November 2015 Term Loan"), which matures in 2020. Through June 30, 2018, the Company made a scheduled principal payment, as well as other principal payments prior to the scheduled repayment dates totaling $675 million on the November 2015 Term Loan, and as a result, the Company's next required principal payment is due upon maturity. The November 2015 Term Loan bears interest at a rate equal either to a base rate, plus a margin, or LIBOR, plus a margin. The margin is based on the public debt ratings of the Company and ranges from 75 basis points to 125 basis points over LIBOR (100 basis points as of June 30, 2018) and 0 basis points to 25 basis points over a base rate. The November 2015 Term Loan contains similar covenants to the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility, with which the Company was compliant as of June 30, 2018.

2019.
Nonrecourse Debt


The Company consolidated theNonrecourse debt is comprised of short-term and long-term debt of Profarmabelonging to the Brazil subsidiaries and the specialty joint venture in connection with the incremental investments made in January 2018 (see Note 2 and Note 3). Nonrecourse debt is repaid solely from the Brazil subsidiaries' cash flows and such debt agreements provide that the repayment of the loans (and interest thereon) is secured solely by the capital stock, physical assets, contracts, and cash flows of the Brazil subsidiaries.
 

Note 7.  Stockholders’ Equity and Earnings per Share
 
In November 2017,2018, the Company’s board of directors increased the quarterly cash dividend by 4%5% from $0.365$0.38 per share to $0.380$0.40 per share.
 
In November 2016, the Company's board of directors authorized a share repurchase program allowing the Company to purchase up to $1.0 billion of its outstanding shares of common stock, subject to market conditions. During the nine months ended June 30, 2018,2019, the Company purchased 3.81.4 million shares of its common stock for a total of $325.4$125.8 million, which included $25.0excluded $24.0 million of JuneSeptember 2018 purchases that cash settled in October 2018, to complete its authorization under this program.

In October 2018, the Company's board of directors authorized a new share repurchase program allowing the Company to purchase up to $1.0 billion of its outstanding shares of common stock, subject to market conditions. During the nine months ended June 30, 2019, the Company purchased 4.7 million shares of its common stock for a total of $373.0 million, which included $0.1 million of June 2019 purchases that cash settled in July 2018.2019. As of June 30, 2018,2019, the Company had $463.5$627.0 million of availability remaining under the November 2016 share repurchasethis program.
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to AmerisourceBergen Corporation by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the periods presented. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to AmerisourceBergen Corporation by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, plus the dilutive effect of stock options restricted stock, and restricted stock units during the periods presented.

  Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
(in thousands) 2018 2017 2018 2017
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic 218,569
 218,676
 218,698
 218,336
Dilutive effect of stock options, restricted stock, and restricted stock units 2,191
 3,197
 2,599
 3,362
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted 220,760

221,873

221,297

221,698
The following illustrates the components of diluted weighted average shares outstanding for the periods indicated:
  Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
(in thousands) 2019 2018 2019 2018
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic 209,705
 218,569
 209,484
 218,698
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units 1,456
 2,191
 1,667
 2,599
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted 211,161

220,760

211,151

221,297

 
The potentially dilutive stock options and restricted stock units that were antidilutive for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2019 were 5.3 million and 4.8 million, respectively. The potentially dilutive stock options and restricted stock units that were antidilutive for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018 were 3.1 million and 3.2 million, respectively. The potentially dilutive stock options, restricted stock, and restricted stock units that were antidilutive for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2017 were 3.7 million and 4.3 million, respectively.
 
Note 8. Related Party Transactions
 
Walgreens Boots Alliance, Inc. ("WBA") owns more than 10% of the Company’s outstanding common stock and is, therefore, considered a related party. The Company operates under various agreements and arrangements with WBA, including a pharmaceutical distribution agreement pursuant to which the Company distributes pharmaceutical products to WBA and an agreement that provides the Company the ability to access favorable economic pricing and generic products through a generic purchasing services arrangement with Walgreens Boots Alliance Development GmbH. Both of these agreements expire in 2026.
 
Revenue from the various agreements and arrangements with WBA was $15.1 billion and $45.0 billion in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. Revenue from the various agreements and arrangements with WBA was $14.2 billion and $40.2 billion in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and was $11.2 billion and $33.4 billion in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. The Company’s receivable from WBA, net of incentives, was $5.8 billion and $5.0$5.6 billion as of June 30, 20182019 and September 30, 2017,2018, respectively.
 
Note 9. Employee Severance, Litigation, and Other


The following table illustrates the charges incurred by the Company relating to Employee Severance, Litigation, and Other:Other for the periods indicated:
  Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
(in thousands) 2019 2018 2019 2018
Employee severance $10,815
 $4,791
 $29,621
 $33,240
Litigation and opioid-related costs 18,828
 39,031
 47,189
 49,468
Acquisition-related deal and integration costs 12,283
 9,046
 34,328
 21,983
Business transformation efforts 16,289
 13,020
 33,141
 23,680
Other restructuring initiatives 1,791
 9,665
 11,788
 14,652
    Total employee severance, litigation, and other $60,006
 $75,553
 $156,067
 $143,023

  Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
(in thousands) 2018 2017 2018 2017
Employee severance $4,791
 $437
 $33,240
 $293
Litigation and opioid-related costs 39,031
 273,400
 49,468
 289,400
Other 31,731
 10,680
 60,315
 27,824
    Total employee severance, litigation, and other $75,553
 $284,517
 $143,023
 $317,517

Employee severance in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2019 included costs primarily related to PharMEDium restructuring activities, position eliminations resulting from our business transformation efforts and the integration of H.D. Smith, and restructuring activities related to our consulting business. Employee severance in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018 included costs primarily related to position eliminations resulting from our business transformation efforts.


Employee severanceLitigation and opioid-related costs in the three and nine months ended June 30, 20182019 primarily related to position eliminations resulting from the Company's business transformation effortslegal fees in connection with opioid lawsuits and restructuring activities related to its consulting business.

Employees receive their severance benefits over a period of time, generally not in excess of 12 months, or in the form of a lump-sum payment.
investigations. Litigation and opioid-related costs in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018 primarily related to legal fees in connection with opioid lawsuits and investigations and related initiatives. Litigation costs in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2017 related to litigation settlements.


Other costs in the three months ended June 30, 2018 included $13.0 million related to the Company's business transformation efforts, $9.7 million of other restructuring initiatives, and $9.0 million of acquisition-related deal and integration costs. Other costs in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 included $23.7 million related to the Company's business transformation efforts, $22.0 million of acquisition-relatedAcquisition-related deal and integration costs and $14.7 million of other restructuring initiatives. Other costs in the three months ended June 30, 2017 included $6.3 million of acquisition-related deal and integration costs, $3.2 million of other restructuring initiatives, and $1.2 millionall periods presented are primarily related to the Company's business transformation efforts. Other costs in the nine months ended June 30, 2017 included $15.0 millionintegration of acquisition-related deal and integration costs, $11.7 million of other restructuring initiatives, and $1.2 million related to the Company's business transformation efforts.H.D. Smith.

Note 10.10. Legal Matters and Contingencies


In the ordinary course of its business, the Company becomes involved in lawsuits, administrative proceedings, government subpoenas, government investigations, stockholder demands, and other disputes, including antitrust, commercial, environmental, product liability, intellectual property, regulatory, employment discrimination, and other matters. Significant damages or penalties may be sought from the Company in some matters, and some matters may require years for the Company to resolve. The Company records a reserve for these matters when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. With respect to the specific legal proceedings and claims described below, except as otherwise noted, the amount or range of possible losses is not reasonably estimable. There can be no assurance that the settlement, resolution, or other outcome of one or more matters, including the matters set forth below, during any subsequent reporting period will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations or cash flows for that period or on the Company's financial condition.


 For those matters for which the Company has not recognized a liability, the Company cannot predict the outcome of their impact on the Company as uncertainty remains with regard to whether such matters will proceed to trial, whether settlements will be reached, and the amount and terms of any such settlements. Outcomes may include settlements in significant amounts that are not currently estimable, limitations on the Company's conduct, the imposition of corporate integrity obligations, consent decrees, and/or other civil and criminal penalties.

Government Enforcement and Related Litigation Matters
The Company is involved in government investigations and litigation arising from the marketing, promotion, sale, and dispensing of pharmaceutical products in the United States. Some of these investigations originate through what are known as qui tam complaints of the Federal False Claims Act. The qui tam provisions of the Federal False Claims Act and various state and local civil False Claims Acts permit a private person, known as a "relator" or whistleblower, to file civil actions under these statutes on behalf of the federal, state, and local governments. Qui tam complaints are initially filed by the relator under seal (or on a confidential basis) and the filing of the complaint imposes obligations on government authorities to investigate the allegations in the complaint and to determine whether or not to intervene in the action. Qui tam complaints remain sealed until the court in which the case was filed orders otherwise.

Under the Federal False Claims Act, the government (or relators who pursue the claims without the participation of the government in the case) may seek to recover up to three times the amount of damages in addition to a civil penalty for each purported false claim submitted to the government for payment. Generally speaking, these cases take several years for the investigation to be completed and, ultimately, to be resolved (either through litigation or settlement) after the complaint is unsealed. In addition, some states have pursued investigations under state false claims statutes or consumer protection laws, either in conjunction with a government investigation or separately. There is often collateral litigation that arises from public disclosures of government investigations, including the filing of class action lawsuits by third party payors or by shareholders alleging violations of the securities laws.

The Company has learned that there are filings in one or more federal district courts, including a qui tam complaint filed by one of its former employees, that are under seal and may involve allegations against the Company (and/or subsidiaries or businesses of the Company, including its group purchasing organization for oncologists and its oncology distribution business) relating to its distribution of certain pharmaceutical products to providers.


Subpoenas and Ongoing Investigations

From time to time, the Company receives subpoenas or requests for information from various government agencies relating tois also involved in disputes with its customers, which the Company's business or to the business of a customer, supplier, or other industry participant. The Company generally respondsseeks to such subpoenas and requests in a cooperative manner. These responses often require time and effort and can result in considerable costs being incurred byresolve through commercial negotiations. If negotiations are unsuccessful, the Company. Most of these matters are resolved without incident; however, such subpoenasparties may litigate the dispute or requests can leadotherwise attempt to settle the assertion of claims or the commencement of civil or criminal legal proceedings against the Company and other members of the healthcare industry, as well as to substantial settlements.
Since fiscal 2012, the Company and its subsidiary AmerisourceBergen Specialty Group ("ABSG") have been responding to subpoenas from the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of New York ("USAO-EDNY") requesting production of documents and information relating to the pre-filled syringe program of ABSG’s subsidiary Medical Initiatives, Inc., ABSG's oncology distribution center, its group purchasing organization for oncologists, and intercompany transfers of certain oncology products. Medical Initiatives, Inc. voluntarily ceased operations in early 2014.matter. The Company has produced documents and witnesses and has engaged in ongoing dialogue with the USAO-EDNY since 2012. As previously disclosed, in fiscal 2017 ABSG resolved the federal criminal investigation related to the failure of Medical Initiatives, Inc. to duly register with the United States Food and Drug Administration ("FDA").

The USAO-EDNY has also indicatedconcluded that, it intends to pursue alleged civil claims under the False Claims Act. As previously disclosed, ABSG reached an agreement in principle with the USAO-EDNY during the quarter ended December 31, 2017, which the Company understands will resolve the alleged civil claims in their entirety. The agreement in principle is subject to negotiation of final terms, approval by the parties, execution of definitive documents, obtaining the satisfactory resolution of related issues with certain other interested parties, including the resolution of any potential administrative action by the Office of Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and approval by the Court. Under the terms of the agreement in principle with the USAO-EDNY, ABSG will pay $625.0 million. In connection with the agreement in principle, the Company accrued a $625.0 million reserve in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017. This amount, plus accrued interest, remains unpaid and is included in Accrued Expenses and Other on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2018.2019, losses related to customer disputes are reasonably possible, but the amount or range of possible losses is not reasonably estimable.


DuringWith respect to the quarter ended December 31, 2017,specific legal proceedings and claims described below, unless otherwise noted, the Company’s subsidiary U.S. Bioservices Corporation ("U.S. Bio") settled claims withamount or range of possible losses is not reasonably estimable. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York ("USAO-SDNY") and with various states arising from the previously disclosed matter involving the dispensingsettlement, resolution, or other outcome of one product and U.S. Bio’s relationship withor more matters, including the manufacturer of that product. In accordance with the settlement agreements, the United States’ complaint against U.S. Bio was dismissed and the participating states agreedmatters set forth below, during any subsequent reporting period will not to bring, and to dismiss with prejudice, any state law claims that they had the authority to bring against U.S. Bio. The Company paid the United States $10.7 million in fiscal 2017 and paid the participating states $2.8 million in the quarter ended December 31, 2017, which together constitute the previously-disclosed $13.4 million settlement. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized the $13.4 million settlement in Employee Severance, Litigation, and Otherhave a material adverse effect on the Company's Consolidated Statementsresults of Operations.

In January 2017, U.S. Bio received a subpoenaoperations or cash flows for information fromthat period or on the USAO-EDNY relating to U.S. Bio’s activities in connection with billing for products and making returns of potential overpayments to government payers. The Company is engaged in discussions with the USAO-EDNY and has been producing documents in response to the subpoena.

In November 2017, the Company’s subsidiary PharMEDium received a grand jury subpoena for documents from the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Western District of Tennessee ("USAO-WDTN") seeking various documents, including information generally related to the laboratory testing procedures of PharMEDium's products, and more specifically, for PharMEDium products packaged in a certain type of syringe at its Memphis, Tennessee facility. The Company is engaged in discussions with the USAO-WDTN and has produced documents in response to the subpoena.

Company's financial condition.
Opioid Lawsuits and Investigations
A significant number of counties, municipalities, and other governmental entities in a majority of U.S. states and Puerto Rico, as well as several states and tribes, have filed lawsuits in various federal, state and other courts against pharmaceutical wholesale distributors (including the Company and its subsidiary AmerisourceBergen Drug Corporation ("ABDC")), pharmaceutical manufacturers, retail chains, medical practices, and physicians relating to the distribution of prescription opioid pain medications. Additionally, severala significant number of counties and municipalities have also named H.D. Smith, a subsidiary that the Company acquired in January 2018, as a defendant in such lawsuits. Other lawsuits regarding the distribution of prescription opioid pain medications have been filed by: third-party payors and similar entities; hospitals; hospital groups; and individuals, including cases styled as putative class actions. The lawsuits, which have been filed in federal, state, and other courts, generally allege violations of controlled

substance laws and various other statutes as well as common law claims, including negligence, public nuisance, and unjust enrichment, and seek equitable relief and monetary damages.


After a motion filed by certain plaintiffs and a hearing before the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation in November 2017, anAn initial group of cases was consolidated for Multidistrict Litigation (“MDL”("MDL") proceedings before the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio.Ohio (the "Court") in December 2017. Additional cases have been, and will likely continue to be, transferred to the MDL. In April 2018, the United States, through the Department of Justice (“DOJ”), filed a motion to participate (i) in settlement discussions and (ii) as a friend of the Court by providing information to facilitate non-monetary remedies. The DOJ’s motion to participate in settlement discussions was granted on June 19, 2018. On April 11, 2018, the Court issued an order creating a litigation track, which includes dispositive motion practice, discovery, and trials in certain bellwether jurisdictions that are scheduled to commence in MarchOctober 2019. DispositiveIn December 2018, the Court dismissed certain public nuisance claims in the first bellwether cases and allowed the majority of the claims to proceed. On December 31, 2018, the Court issued an order selecting two additional cases for a second bellwether discovery and trial track. The timing of discovery, motion practice, and fact discovery have commenced in certaintrials for the second set of bellwether cases. Additionally, thecases has not yet been determined.

The Court has continued to oversee court-ordered settlement discussions with attorneys for the plaintiffs and certain states that it instituted at the beginning of the MDL proceedings. Further, in June 2018, the Court granted a motion permitting the United States, through the DOJ, to participate in settlement discussions and as a friend of the Court by providing information to facilitate non-monetary remedies.


On June 14, 2019 attorneys for some of the plaintiffs filed a motion proposing a procedure to certify a nationwide "negotiation class" of cities and counties for the purpose of negotiating and settling with defendants engaged in the nationwide manufacturing, sale, or distribution of opioids. The attorneys subsequently withdrew the motion and refiled an amended motion on July 9, 2019. Motions for summary judgment were also filed by a number of plaintiffs and defendants in June and July 2019.

Aside from those parties that have already filed suit, other entities, including additional attorneys general’s offices, counties, and cities in multiple states, have indicated their intent to sue. The Company is vigorously defending itself in the pending lawsuits and intends to vigorously defend itself against any threatened lawsuits. The Company is not in a position to assess the likely outcome or its exposure, if any, with respect to these matters.


In addition, onin September 18, 2017, the Company received a request for documents and information on behalf of attorneys general from a coalition of states who are investigating a number of manufacturers and distributors (including ABDC) regarding the distribution of prescription opioid pain medications. The Company is engaged in discussions with the representatives of the attorneys general regarding this request and has been producing responsive documents. The discussions have involved meetings, which are ongoing, to develop a framework for a potential resolution or other global settlement. Any such resolution could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

The Company has also received subpoenas, civil investigative demands, and other requests for information, requesting the production of documents regarding the distribution of prescription opioid pain medications from government agencies in other jurisdictions, including certain states. The Company is engaged in discussions with representatives from these government agencies regarding the requests and has been producing or intends to begin producing, responsive documents.


Additionally,Since July 2017, the Company has received subpoenas from the U.S. Attorney's Offices for the District of New Jersey, the Eastern District of New York, the District of Colorado, the Northern District of West Virginia, the Western District of Michigan, the Middle District of Florida, and the Eastern District of California. Those subpoenas request the production of a broad range of documents pertaining to ABDC's distribution of controlled substances and diversion control programs. The Company has been engaged in fiscal 2012, ABDC received a subpoena fromdiscussions with the various U.S. Attorney’s Offices, including the Health Care and Government Fraud Unit of the Criminal Division of the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of New Jersey, and has been producing documents in response to the subpoenas.
Government Enforcement and Related Litigation Matters
Various government agencies, including the FDA, the Consumer Protection Branch of the Civil Division of the DOJ, and state boards of pharmacy, regulate the compounding of pharmaceutical products. The Company’s subsidiary, PharMEDium, operates Section 503B outsourcing facilities that must comply with current Good Manufacturing Practice ("USAO-NJ"cGMP") in connection withrequirements and are inspected by the FDA periodically to determine compliance. The FDA and the DOJ have broad enforcement powers, including the authority to enjoin PharMEDium's Section 503B outsourcing facilities from distributing pharmaceutical products.
On May 17, 2019, PharMEDium reached an agreement on the terms of a grand jury proceeding requesting documents concerning ABDC's program for controlling and monitoring diversion of controlled substances into channels other than for legitimate medical, scientific, and industrial purposes. ABDC also received a subpoena from the Drug Enforcement Administration ("DEA"consent decree (the "Consent Decree") in connection with the matter. Since fiscal 2012, ABDC has receivedFDA and responded to a number of subpoenas from both the USAO-NJ and DEA requesting grand jury testimony and additional information related to electronically stored information, documents concerning specific customers' purchases of controlled substances, and DEA audits. In July 2017,DOJ that was entered by the USAO-NJ and DEA served an administrative subpoena requesting documents relating to ABDC’s diversion control programs from 2013 to the present. The Company is responding to the 2017 subpoena and continues to engage in dialogue with the USAO-NJ. In the nine months ended June 30, 2018, the Company received administrative subpoenas from the USAO-EDNY, the U.S. Attorney’s Office for theUnited States District of Colorado, the U.S. Attorney’s OfficeCourt for the Northern District of West Virginia,Illinois on May 22, 2019. The Consent Decree permits commercial operations to continue at PharMEDium’s Dayton, New Jersey and Sugar Land, Texas compounding facilities and administrative operations to continue at its Lake Forest, Illinois headquarters subject to compliance with requirements set forth therein. As required by the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Western District of Michigan, and the DEA office in Orlando, Florida. Those subpoenas are substantively similar to the subpoena received from the USAO-NJ in 2017.

Since fiscal 2013,Consent Decree, the Company has commenced audit inspections by an independent cGMP expert of the Dayton and Sugar Land facilities to determine that the facilities are being operated in conformity with cGMP. Additional audit inspections by the independent cGMP expert of the Sugar Land and Dayton facilities are also required at least annually for a period of four years.

The Consent Decree also establishes requirements that must be satisfied prior to the resumption of commercial operations at the Memphis, Tennessee facility. The requirements include a work plan approved by the FDA and an audit inspection and certification by an independent cGMP expert that the facilities, methods and controls at the Memphis facility and PharMEDium’s Lake Forest, Illinois headquarters comply with the Consent Decree. If PharMEDium receives written notification from the FDA of compliance with the requirements to resume operations at the Memphis facility, additional audit inspections are required for five years, during which time PharMEDium must correct any deviations from the Consent Decree observed by the independent cGMP expert.

After five years, PharMEDium may petition the district court for full relief from the Consent Decree, or for specific relief with regard to one or more facilities. If, at the time of such petition, all obligations under the Consent Decree with respect to the specific facilities for which PharMEDium is seeking relief have been satisfied, and there has been continuous compliance with

the Consent Decree for at least five years, the United States will not oppose the petition, and PharMEDium may request that the district court grant such relief.

Additionally, state boards of pharmacy may revoke, limit, or deny approval of licenses required under state law to compound or distribute pharmaceutical products. As a result of reciprocal state actions initiated due to the FDA’s inspectional observations, PharMEDium has suspended shipping of its compounded sterile preparations into several states, either voluntarily, by consent or pursuant to orders of state licensing authorities.
Subpoenas and Ongoing Investigations
From time to time, the Company receives subpoenas or requests for information from various government agencies relating to the Company's business or to the business of a customer, supplier, or other industry participant. The Company's responses often require time and effort and can result in considerable costs being incurred. Most of these matters are resolved without incident; however, such subpoenas or requests can lead to the assertion of claims or the commencement of civil or criminal legal proceedings against the Company and other members of the healthcare industry, as well as to substantial settlements.

In January 2017, the Company's subsidiary U.S. Bioservices Corporation received subpoenasa subpoena for information from the U.S. Attorney's Office for the NorthernEastern District of Ohio and ABDC has received subpoenas from the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of KansasNew York ("USAO-EDNY") relating to its activities in connection with grand jury proceedings requesting documents concerning ABDC's programbilling for controllingproducts and monitoring diversionmaking returns of controlled substances into channels other than for legitimate medical, scientific, and industrial purposes. As in the USAO-NJ matter described above, in additionpotential overpayments to requesting general information on ABDC's diversion control program, the subpoenas have also requested documents concerning specific customers' purchases of controlled substances.government payers. The Company has respondedengaged in discussions with the USAO-EDNY and produced documents in response to the subpoenas and requests for information.

subpoena. In May 2018,April 2019, the government informed the Company receivedthat it had filed a grand jury subpoena fromnotice with the U.S. Attorney’s OfficeDistrict Court for the SouthernEastern District of Florida.New York that it was declining to intervene in a filed qui tam action related to its investigation. The subpoena requests documents primarily relatingcase was unsealed in April 2019 and counsel for the relator has stated that they intend to certain opioid products and communications with a pharmaceutical manufacturer. The Company is in the process of respondingfile an amended complaint under seal, which they intend to submit to the subpoena.USAO-EDNY for further consideration.


Other Contingencies

New York State ("NYS") enacted the Opioid Stewardship Act ("OSA"), which went into effect on July 1, 2018. The OSA established an annual $100 million Opioid Stewardship Fund (the "Fund") and requires manufacturers, distributors, and importers

licensed in NYS to ratably source the Fund. The ratable share of the assessment for each licensee iswas to be based upon opioids sold or distributed to or within NYS. The OSA requires licensees to initially report transaction data forIn the 2017 calendar year by August 1, 2018, which NYS will use to calculate ratable sharesfourth quarter of the assessment. Licensees will be notified of their ratable share of the assessment for calendar 2017 by October 15, 2018. The initial payment to NYS is due on January 1, 2019 for opioids sold or distributed during calendarfiscal year 2017, and future assessments, beginning with theended September 30, 2018, calendar year, will be payable quarterly beginning on April 1, 2019. The OSA expires on June 30, 2024. While the Company has concluded that it is probable that aaccrued $22 million as an estimate of its liability has been incurred, it is unable to reasonably estimate a point estimate or a range of amounts which it may owe under the OSA for the sale or distribution of opioids during the perioddistributed from January 1, 2017 through JuneSeptember 30, 2018 becauseand recognized this reserve in Cost of Goods Sold on its Consolidated Statement of Operations and in Accrued Expenses and Other on its Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2018. In December 2018, the information necessary to determineOSA was ruled unconstitutional by the Company’s shareU.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, and, as a result, the Company reversed the $22.0 million accrual in the quarter ended December 31, 2018. NYS filed an appeal of the assessment is not yet available, and there is significant uncertaintycourt decision on January 17, 2019; however, the application and interpretation of the OSA to the Company’s pharmaceutical distribution activities within the state of New York. As a result, no amount has been accrued as of June 30, 2018. The Company does not expect the OSA will havebelieve a material impact to its results of operations or cash flows; however, if other state or local jurisdictions enact similar legislation, such legislation in the aggregate may have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition.

loss contingency is probable.
Note 11.  Litigation Settlements
 
Antitrust Settlements
 
Numerous class action lawsuits have been filed against certain brand pharmaceutical manufacturers alleging that the manufacturer, by itself or in concert with others, took improper actions to delay or prevent generic drugs from entering the market. These lawsuits are generally brought as class actions. The Company hasis not beentypically named as a plaintiff in any of these class actions,lawsuits, but has been a member of the direct purchasers' class (i.e., those purchasers who purchase directly from these pharmaceutical manufacturers). None of the class actionslawsuits have gone to trial, but some have settled in the past with the Company receiving proceeds from the settlement funds. During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018,2019, the Company recognized gains of $3.5 million and $142.7 million, respectively, related to these lawsuits. The Company recognized gains of $35.6 million and $35.9 million respectively, related to these class action lawsuits. The Company recognized no gains during the three months ended June 30, 2017 and recognized gains of $1.4 million during the nine months ended June 30, 20172018, respectively, related to these class action lawsuits. These gains, which are net of attorney fees and estimated payments due to other parties, were recorded as reductions to cost of goods sold in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.


Note 12.  Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
The recorded amounts of the Company's cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable as of June 30, 20182019 and September 30, 20172018 approximate fair value based upon the relatively short-term nature of these financial instruments. Within Cash and Cash Equivalents, the Company had $650.0$1,520.0 million of investments in money market accounts as of June 30, 20182019 and had $800.0$1,050.0 million of investments in money market accounts as of September 30, 2017.2018. The fair value of the money market accounts was determined based upon unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets, otherwise known as Level 1 inputs.

The recorded amount of long-term debt (see Note 6) and the corresponding fair value as of June 30, 20182019 were $4,198.1$4,018.6 million and $4,020.4$4,066.2 million, respectively. The recorded amount of long-term debt and the corresponding fair value as of September 30, 20172018 were $3,429.9$4,158.5 million and $3,522.5$4,000.1 million, respectively. The fair value of long-term debt was determined based upon inputs other than quoted prices, otherwise known as Level 2 inputs.
 

Note 13.  Business Segment Information
 
The Company is organized based upon the products and services it provides to its customers. The Company's operations are comprised of the Pharmaceutical Distribution Services reportable segment and other operating segments that are not significant enough to require separate reportable segment disclosure and, therefore, have been included in Other for the purpose of reportable segment presentation. Other consists of operating segments that focus on global commercialization services and animal health and includes(MWI Animal Health). The operating segments that focus on global commercialization services include AmerisourceBergen Consulting Services and World Courier, and MWI.Courier.


The following illustrates reportable and operating segment revenue information for the periods indicated:
  Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
(in thousands) 2019 2018 2019 2018
Pharmaceutical Distribution Services $43,527,552
 $41,581,866
 $128,948,097
 $119,972,917
Other:        
MWI Animal Health 1,021,936
 945,342
 2,923,813
 2,836,917
Global Commercialization Services 712,602
 651,881
 2,147,092
 1,899,635
Total Other 1,734,538
 1,597,223
 5,070,905
 4,736,552
Intersegment eliminations (22,825) (36,780) (67,683) (66,970)
Revenue $45,239,265
 $43,142,309
 $133,951,319
 $124,642,499
  Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
(in thousands) 2018 2017 2018 2017
Pharmaceutical Distribution Services $41,581,866
 $37,255,195
 $119,972,917
 $109,798,844
Other 1,597,223
 1,467,536
 4,736,552
 4,267,876
Intersegment eliminations (36,780) (15,587) (66,970) (42,909)
Revenue $43,142,309
 $38,707,144
 $124,642,499
 $114,023,811

 
Intersegment eliminations primarily represent the elimination of certain Pharmaceutical Distribution Services reportable segment sales to MWI.


The following illustrates reportable segment operating income information for the periods indicated:
  Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
(in thousands) 2019 2018 2019 2018
Pharmaceutical Distribution Services $411,707
 $392,652
 $1,301,948
 $1,269,940
Other 95,110
 82,296
 293,923
 279,626
Intersegment eliminations (142) (525) (698) (761)
Total segment operating income $506,675
 $474,423
 $1,595,173
 $1,548,805
  Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
(in thousands) 2018 2017 2018 2017
Pharmaceutical Distribution Services $392,652
 $379,976
 $1,269,940
 $1,243,914
Other 82,296
 91,338
 279,626
 302,079
Intersegment eliminations (525) (198) $(761) $(212)
Total segment operating income $474,423
 $471,116
 $1,548,805
 $1,545,781

 

The following reconciles total segment operating income to income before income taxes for the periods indicated:
  Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
(in thousands) 2019 2018 2019 2018
Total segment operating income $506,675
 $474,423
 $1,595,173
 $1,548,805
Gain from antitrust litigation settlements 3,480
 35,600
 142,735
 35,938
LIFO credit 9,913
 16,142
 79,747
 16,142
PharMEDium remediation costs (19,344) (15,501) (55,736) (38,007)
New York State Opioid Stewardship Act 
 
 22,000
 
Acquisition-related intangibles amortization (34,024) (45,916) (125,770) (130,267)
Employee severance, litigation, and other (60,006) (75,553) (156,067) (143,023)
Impairment of long-lived assets 
 
 (570,000) 
Operating income 406,694
 389,195
 932,082
 1,289,588
Other (income) loss (342) (3,158) (11,739) 26,289
Interest expense, net 35,921
 47,151
 121,366
 131,652
Loss on consolidation of equity investments 
 
 
 42,328
Loss on early retirement of debt 
 
 
 23,766
Income before income taxes $371,115
 $345,202
 $822,455
 $1,065,553
  Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
(in thousands) 2018 2017 2018 2017
Total segment operating income $474,423
 $471,116
 $1,548,805
 $1,545,781
Gain from antitrust litigation settlements 35,600
 
 35,938
 1,395
LIFO credit 16,142
 24,723
 16,142
 82,919
PharMEDium remediation costs (15,501) 
 (38,007) 
Acquisition-related intangibles amortization (45,916) (40,946) (130,267) (117,234)
Employee severance, litigation, and other (75,553) (284,517) (143,023) (317,517)
Operating income 389,195
 170,376
 1,289,588
 1,195,344
Other (income) loss (3,158) 1,398
 26,289
 (3,958)
Interest expense, net 47,151
 35,603
 131,652
 109,874
Loss on consolidation of equity investments 
 
 42,328
 
Loss on early retirement of debt 
 
 23,766
 
Income before income taxes $345,202
 $133,375
 $1,065,553
 $1,089,428

 
Segment operating income is evaluated by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") of the Company before gain from antitrust litigation settlements; LIFO credit; PharMEDium remediation costs; New York State Opioid Stewardship Act; acquisition-related intangibles amortization; employee severance, litigation, and other; impairment of long-lived assets; other (income) loss; interest expense, net,net; loss on consolidation of equity investments,investments; and loss on early retirement of debt. Segment measures were adjusted in fiscal 2019 to exclude impairment of long-lived assets as the CODM excludes all such charges in the measurement of segment performance. All corporate office expenses are allocated to each operating segment. Segment measures were adjusted in fiscal 2018 to exclude PharMEDium remediation costs as the CODM excludes all such costs in the measurement ofreportable segment performance.level.


After FDA inspections of PharMEDium's compounding facilities, the Company voluntarily suspended production activities in December 2017 at its largest compounding facility located in Memphis, Tennessee pending execution of certain

remedial measures. The Company has been in active communication with the FDA, and, on July 19, 2018, PharMEDium informed the FDA of its intent to resume limited production at the Memphis facility and commence commercial distribution in August 2018. The Company expects production in Memphis to increase gradually over time and to be fully operational in fiscal 2019. The Company incurred remediation costs primarily in connection with the suspended production activities.activities at PharMEDium (see Note 5). These remediation costs are primarily classified in Cost of Goods sold in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018.Operations. Future remediation costs will also include costs related to remediation activities responsive to FDA inspectional observations generally applicable to all of PharMEDium’s 503B outsourcing facilities, including product stability studies.


The Company recorded a $13.7 million gain on the sale of an equity investment in Other (Income) Loss in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations in the nine months ended June 30, 2019.

The Company recorded a $30.0 million impairment onof a non-customer note receivable related to a start-up venture in Other (Income) Loss in the Company's Consolidated StatementStatements of Operations in the nine months ended June 30, 2018.



ITEM 2.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto contained herein and in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.2018.
We are one of the largest global pharmaceutical sourcing and distribution services companies, helping both healthcare providers and pharmaceutical and biotech manufacturers improve patient access to products and enhance patient care. We deliver innovative programs and services designed to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the pharmaceutical supply chain in both human and animal health. We are organized based upon the products and services we provide to our customers. Our operations are comprised of the Pharmaceutical Distribution Services reportable segment and other operating segments that are not significant enough to require separate reportable segment disclosure, and, therefore, have been included in Other for the purpose of our reportable segment presentation.
Pharmaceutical Distribution Services Segment
The Pharmaceutical Distribution Services reportable segment distributes a comprehensive offering of brand-name, specialty brand-name and generic pharmaceuticals, over-the-counter healthcare products, home healthcare supplies and equipment, outsourced compounded sterile preparations, and related services to a wide variety of healthcare providers, including acute care hospitals and health systems, independent and chain retail pharmacies, mail order pharmacies, medical clinics, long-term care and alternate site pharmacies, and other customers. Through a number of operating businesses, the Pharmaceutical Distribution Services reportable segment provides pharmaceutical distribution (including plasma and other blood products, injectible pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and other specialty pharmaceutical products) and additional services to physicians who specialize in a variety of disease states, especially oncology, and to other healthcare providers, including hospitals and dialysis clinics. Additionally, the Pharmaceutical Distribution Services reportable segment provides data analytics, outcomes research, and additional services for biotechnology and pharmaceutical manufacturers. The Pharmaceutical Distribution Services reportable segment also provides pharmacy management, staffing and additional consulting services, and supply management software to a variety of retail and institutional healthcare providers. Additionally, it delivers packaging solutions to institutional and retail healthcare providers.
Other
Other consists of operating segments that focus on global commercialization services and animal health and includes(MWI Animal Health). The operating segments that focus on global commercialization services include AmerisourceBergen Consulting Services ("ABCS"), and World Courier, and Courier.
MWI Animal Health ("MWI").
ABCS, through a number of operating businesses, provides a full suite of integrated manufacturer services that range from clinical trial support to product post-approval and commercialization support. World Courier, which operates in over 50 countries, is a leading global specialty transportation and logistics provider for the biopharmaceutical industry. MWI is a leading animal health distribution company in the United States and in the United Kingdom. MWI sells pharmaceuticals, vaccines, parasiticides, diagnostics, micro feed ingredients, and various other products to customers in both the companion animal and production animal markets. Additionally, MWI offers demand-creating sales force services to manufacturers. ABCS, through a number of operating businesses, provides a full suite of integrated manufacturer services that range from clinical trial support to product post-approval and commercialization support. World Courier, which operates in over 50 countries, is a leading global specialty transportation and logistics provider for the biopharmaceutical industry.
    




































Executive Summary
 
This executive summary provides highlights from the results of operations that follow:
 
Revenue increased 11.5%4.9% and 9.3%7.5% from the prior year quarter and nine month period, respectively, primarily due to the revenue growth of our Pharmaceutical Distribution Services segment;


Pharmaceutical Distribution Services' gross profit increased 13.8%4.9% and 9.6%6.5% from the prior year quarter and nine month period, respectively, primarily due to the increase in revenue,revenue. The current year nine month period was also favorably impacted by the January 2018 consolidation of Profarma Distribuidora de Produtos Farmacêuticos S.A. ("Profarma"), a leading pharmaceutical wholesaler in Brazil (see Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements), and the January 2018 acquisition of H.D. Smith, offset in partand was negatively impacted by a lower contribution from our pharmaceutical compounding operations as it shipped fewer units as production at the Memphis, Tennessee facility has been voluntarily suspended since December 2017 at our Memphis facility pending execution(see Notes 5 and 13 of certain remedial measures. We have been in active communication with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA"), and, on July 19, 2018, PharMEDium informed the FDA of its intentNotes to resume limited production at the Memphis facility and commence commercial distribution in August 2018. We expect production in Memphis to increase gradually over time and to be fully operational in fiscal 2019.Consolidated Financial Statements). Gross profit in Other increased 4.2%5.1% and 5.0%2.1% from the prior year quarter and nine month period, respectively,respectively. The increase in the current year quarter was primarily due to growth at MWI. The increase in the current year nine month period was primarily due to growth at World Courier, and the January 2018 consolidation of the specialty joint venture in Brazil, (see Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements),and ABCS's growth in its Canadian operations, offset in part by lower gross profit at ABCS, specifically the Lash consulting group.group within ABCS. Total gross profit in the current year periodsnine month period was favorably impacted by an increaseincreases in gains from antitrust litigation settlements and negatively impacted by lower last-in, first-out ("LIFO") credits in comparisonthe current year period, and the reversal of a previously-estimated assessment related to the prior year periods;
New York State Opioid Stewardship Act;


Distribution, selling, and administrative expenses increased 19.2%4.9% and 15.0%7.7% from the prior year quarter and nine month period, respectively. Pharmaceutical Distribution Services segment increased by 23.7% and 17.0%The increase from the prior year quarter andwas primarily due to an increase in costs to support revenue growth. The increase in the nine month period respectively,was primarily due to the January 2018 consolidation of Profarma, the January 2018 acquisition of H.D. Smith, and duplicatedue to an increase in costs resulting fromto support the implementation of new information technology systems. Distribution, selling, and administrative expensesincrease in Otherrevenue;

Operating income increased by 9.6% and 10.7%4.5% in the current year quarter primarily due to an increase in total segment operating income, offset in part by a decrease in gains from antitrust litigation settlements and a lower LIFO credit. Operating income decreased 27.7% in the current year nine month period respectively, primarily due to support its revenue growth, the January 2018 consolidationa $570.0 impairment of PharMEDium's long-lived assets (see Note 5 of the specialty joint ventureNotes to Consolidated Financial Statements), offset in Brazil,part by increases in gains from antitrust litigation settlements, LIFO credits, and due to duplicate costs resulting fromtotal operating segment income;

Our effective tax rates were 18.6% and 12.2% for the implementation of new information technology systems;

Total segment operating income in the quarter and nine months ended June 30, 2018 was relatively flat compared to the prior year periods. Operating income increased 128.4% and 7.9% in the current year quarter and nine month period respectively, primarily due to the decrease in employee severance, litigation, and other costs as we incurred significant litigation settlement charges in prior year periods.

ended June 30, 2019, respectively. Our effective tax rates were 19.5% and 62.2% in(33.4)% for the quartersquarter and nine month period ended June 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively. OurThe effective tax rates were (33.4)% and 34.9%rate in the nine month periodsperiod ended June 30, 20182019 was primarily impacted by the $570.0 million impairment of long-lived assets (see Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements), which changed the mix of domestic and 2017, respectively.international income. The effective tax rate in the nine month period ended June 30, 2019 was also impacted by a $37.0 million decrease to the Company's transition tax related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "2017 Tax Act"). The effective tax rate in the nine month period ended June 30, 2018 was primarily impacted by the effect of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "2017 Tax Act"). Our total income tax benefit in the nine month period ended June 30, 2018 of $356.3 million reflects $587.6 million of discrete tax benefits recognized and a reduction in the U.S. federal income tax rate from 35% to 21%, both resulting from the 2017 Tax Act. We expect that the federal corporate tax rate reduction as a result of the 2017 Tax Act will continue to favorably impact our effective tax rate compared to prior periods through fiscal 2019. The effective tax rates in the quarter and nine months ended June 30, 2017 were negatively impacted by non-deductible legal settlement charges. Our effective tax rates for all interim periods reported herein were favorably impacted by ourthe Company's international businesses in Switzerland and Ireland, which have significantly lower income tax rates, and the benefit from stock option exercises and restricted stock vesting; and


Net income and earnings per share were significantly higherlower in the current year quarter and nine month period primarily due to the 2017 Tax Act$570.0 million impairment of long-lived assets and non-deductible legal settlement charges that were incurredthe significant income tax benefit recognized in the prior year periods.nine month period as a result of the 2017 Tax Act.

Results of Operations
 
Revenue
 Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
  Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
 
(dollars in thousands) 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change 2019 2018 Change 2019 2018 Change
Pharmaceutical Distribution
Services
 $41,581,866
 $37,255,195
 11.6% $119,972,917
 $109,798,844
 9.3% $43,527,552
 $41,581,866
 4.7% $128,948,097
 $119,972,917
 7.5%
Other 1,597,223
 1,467,536
 8.8% 4,736,552
 4,267,876
 11.0%
Other:         
MWI Animal Health 1,021,936
 945,342
 8.1% 2,923,813
 2,836,917
 3.1%
Global Commercialization Services 712,602
 651,881
 9.3% 2,147,092
 1,899,635
 13.0%
Total Other 1,734,538
 1,597,223
 8.6% 5,070,905
 4,736,552
 7.1%
Intersegment eliminations (36,780) (15,587) 
 (66,970) (42,909) 
 (22,825) (36,780) (67,683) (66,970) 
Revenue $43,142,309
 $38,707,144
 11.5% $124,642,499
 $114,023,811
 9.3% $45,239,265
 $43,142,309
 4.9% $133,951,319
 $124,642,499
 7.5%
  
We currently expect our revenue growth percentage to be in the mid-single digits in fiscal 2018 to increase between 8% and 11%.2019. Our future revenue growth will continue to be affected by various factors, such as industry growth trends, including drug utilization, the introduction of new, innovative brand therapies (including biosimilars), the likely increase in the number of generic drugs that will be available over the next few years as a result of the expiration of certain drug patents held by brand-name pharmaceutical manufacturers and the rate of conversion from brand products to those generic drugs, price increasesinflation and price deflation, general economic conditions in the United States, competition within the industry, customer consolidation, changes in pharmaceutical manufacturer pricing and distribution policies and practices, increased downward pressure on government and other third partythird-party reimbursement rates to our customers, and changes in government rules and regulations.


Revenue increased by 11.5%4.9% and 9.3%7.5% from the prior year quarter and nine month period, respectively, primarily due to the revenue growth ofin our Pharmaceutical Distribution Services segment.


The Pharmaceutical Distribution Services segmentsegment's revenue grew its revenue by 11.6%4.7% and 9.3%7.5% from the prior year quarter and nine month period, respectively, primarily due to the growth of some of its largest customers, continued strong specialty product sales, and overall market growth, and especially strong oncology product sales.growth. In addition, revenue increased in the current year fiscal periodsnine month period due to the January 2018 consolidation of Profarma and the January 2018 acquisition of H.D. Smith and the January 2018 consolidation of Profarma.Smith.
 
Revenue in Other increased 8.8%8.6% and 11.0%7.1% from the prior year quarter and nine month period, respectively. The increase from the prior year quarter was primarily due to the January 2018 consolidation of the specialty joint venture in Brazil,growth at MWI and ABCS's growth in its Canadian operations, and Word Courier, offset in part by a decrease in revenue at ABCS's Lash consulting group.operations. The increase from the prior year nine month period was primarily due to ABCS's growth in its Canadian operations, growth at MWI, the January 2018 consolidation of the specialty joint venture in Brazil, increased revenue from MWI, ABCS'sand growth in its Canadian operations, andat World Courier, offset in part by a decrease in revenue at ABCS's Lash consulting group.Courier.


A number of our contracts with customers, including group purchasing organizations, are typically subject to expiration each year. We may lose a significant customer if anyan existing contract with such customer expires without being extended, renewed, or replaced. During the nine months ended June 30, 2018,2019, no significant contracts expired. Over the next twelve months, there are no significant contracts scheduled to expire. Additionally, from time to time, other significant contracts may be terminated in accordance with their terms or extended, renewed, or replaced prior to their expiration dates. If those contracts are extended, renewed, or replaced at less favorable terms, they may also negatively impact our revenue, results of operations, and cash flows.
 

Gross Profit
 Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
  Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
 
(dollars in thousands) 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change 2019 2018 Change 2019 2018 Change
Pharmaceutical Distribution
Services
 $862,291
 $758,056
 13.8% $2,606,008
 $2,378,672
 9.6% $904,124
 $862,291
 4.9% $2,774,689
 $2,606,008
 6.5%
Other 309,876
 297,294
 4.2% 956,898
 911,208
 5.0% 325,562
 309,876
 5.1% 977,045
 956,898
 2.1%
Intersegment eliminations (525) (198) (761) (212)  (142) (525) (698) (761) 
Gain from antitrust litigation settlements 35,600
 
   35,938
 1,395
   3,480
 35,600
 142,735
 35,938
 
LIFO credit 16,142
 24,723
   16,142
 82,919
   9,913
 16,142
 79,747
 16,142
 
PharMEDium remediation costs (12,043) 
 (34,549) 
  (11,698) (12,043) (41,943) (34,549) 
New York State Opioid Stewardship Act 
 
 22,000
 
 
Gross profit $1,211,341
 $1,079,875
 12.2% $3,579,676
 $3,373,982
 6.1% $1,231,239
 $1,211,341
 1.6% $3,953,575
 $3,579,676
 10.4%
 

Gross profit increased 12.2%1.6%, or $131.5$19.9 million, from the prior year quarter and increased 6.1%10.4%, or $205.7$373.9 million, from the prior year nine month period. Gross profit in the current year periodsquarter was favorably impacted by the increase in Pharmaceutical Distribution Services' gross profit and the increase in gross profit in Other and was unfavorably impacted by lower gains from antitrust litigation settlements and a decrease in the LIFO credit. Gross profit in the current year nine month period was favorably impacted by the increase in Pharmaceutical Distribution Services' gross profit, the increase in gross profit in Other, an increase in gains from antitrust litigation settlements and negatively impacted by lowerthe LIFO credits in comparisoncredit, and the reversal of a previously-estimated assessment related to the prior year periods. After recent FDA inspections of our compounding facilities, we voluntarily suspended production activities in December 2017 at our largest compounding facility located in Memphis, Tennessee pending execution of certain remedial measures. The suspension of this production facility negatively impacted gross profit in the current fiscal year periods. We have been in active communication with the FDA, and, on July 19, 2018, PharMEDium informed the FDA of its intent to resume limited production at the Memphis facility and commence commercial distribution in August 2018. We expect production in Memphis to increase gradually over time and to be fully operational in fiscal 2019.New York State Opioid Stewardship Act.


Our cost of goods sold for interim periods includes a LIFO provision that is recorded ratably on a quarterly basis and is based on our estimated annual LIFO provision. The annual LIFO provision, which we estimate on a quarterly basis, is affected by manufacturer pricing practices, which may be impacted by market and other external influences, expected changes in inventory quantities, and product mix, many of which are difficult to predict. Changes to any of the above factors may have a material impact to our annual LIFO provision. As of June 30, 2019, we reduced our estimate for generic deflation for fiscal 2019, which led to a reduction in the estimated annual LIFO credit.

After FDA inspections of our compounding facilities, we voluntarily suspended production activities in December 2017 at our largest compounding facility located in Memphis pending execution of certain remedial measures (see Notes 5 and 13 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). We continue to incur remediation costs in connection with our compounding operations. Additionally, in April 2019, we ceased production at our compounding facility in Cleveland, Mississippi.

New York State ("NYS") enacted the Opioid Stewardship Act ("OSA"), which went into effect on July 1, 2018. The OSA established an annual $100 million Opioid Stewardship Fund (the "Fund") and required manufacturers, distributors, and importers licensed in NYS to ratably source the Fund. The ratable share of the assessment for each licensee was to be based upon opioids sold or distributed to or within NYS. In September 2018, we accrued $22.0 million as an estimate of our liability under the OSA for the period from January 1, 2017 through September 30, 2018. In December 2018, the OSA was ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, and, as a result, we reversed the $22.0 million accrual in the quarter ended December 31, 2018. NYS filed an appeal of the court decision on January 17, 2019; however, we do not believe a loss contingency is probable.
 
Pharmaceutical Distribution Services' gross profit increased 13.8%4.9%, or $104.2$41.8 million, from the prior year quarter and 6.5%, or $168.7 million, from the prior year nine month period. Gross profit in the current year quarter and nine month period increased due to the increase in revenue. Gross profit in the current year nine month period was also favorably impacted by the January 2018 consolidation of Profarma and the January 2018 acquisition of H.D. Smith and was negatively impacted by our pharmaceutical compounding operations as production at our Memphis facility has been suspended since December 2017. As a percentage of revenue, Pharmaceutical Distribution Services' gross profit margin of 2.08% and 2.15% in the quarter and nine month period ended June 30, 2019, respectively, increased 1 basis point from the prior year quarter and decreased 2 basis points from the nine month period. The decrease in gross profit margin from the nine month period was primarily due to increased sales to our larger customers, which typically have lower gross profit margins, and due to a lower contribution from our pharmaceutical compounding operations as it shipped fewer units primarily due to the suspension of production at our Memphis facility since December 2017 and the implementation of certain remedial measures at our operational PharMEDium locations, offset in part by the January 2018 consolidation of Profarma and the January 2018 acquisition of H.D. Smith.

Gross profit in Other increased 5.1%, or $15.7 million, and 9.6%2.1%, or $227.3$20.1 million, from the prior year quarter and nine month period, respectively. Gross profit in the current year quarter andincreased primarily due to growth at MWI. Gross profit in the current year nine month period increased primarily due to the increase in revenue, the January 2018 consolidation of Profarma, and the January 2018 acquisition of H.D. Smith, offset in part by a lower contribution from our pharmaceutical compounding operations as it shipped fewer units as we voluntarily suspended production in December 2017growth at our Memphis facility. As a percentage of revenue, Pharmaceutical Distribution Services' gross profit margin of 2.07% and 2.17% in the quarter and nine month period ended June 30, 2018, respectively, increased 4 basis points from the prior year quarter and was flat compared to the prior year nine month period. The increase in gross profit margin from the prior year quarter was primarily due to the January 2018 consolidation of Profarma and the January 2018 acquisition of H.D. Smith, offset in part by a lower contribution from our pharmaceutical compounding operations and due to increased sales to our larger customers, which typically have lower gross profit margins.
Gross profit in Other increased 4.2%, or $12.6 million, and 5.0%, or $45.7 million, from the prior year quarter and nine month period, respectively. The increases were primarily due to World Courier, and the January 2018 consolidation of the specialty joint venture in Brazil, and ABCS's growth in its Canadian operations, offset in part by lower gross profit at ABCS, specifically the Lash consulting group.group within ABCS. As a percentage of revenue, gross profit margin in Other of 19.40%18.77% in the quarter ended June 30, 20182019 decreased from 20.26%19.40% in the prior year quarter. As a percentage of revenue, gross profit margin in Other of 20.20%19.27% in the nine month period ended June 30, 20182019 decreased from 21.35%20.20% in the prior year period. The declinesdecrease in gross profit margin in the quarter and nine month period ended June 30, 2018 compared to the prior year periods were2019 was primarily due to the decrease in gross profit margin at ABCS, specifically the Lash consulting group.group within ABCS.

We recognized gains from antitrust litigation settlements with pharmaceutical manufacturers of $3.5 million and $142.7 million during the quarter and nine month period ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to gains of $35.6 million and $35.9 million in the prior year quarter and nine month period, respectively. The gains were recorded as reductions to Cost of Goods Sold (see Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).
 
Operating Expenses
 Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
  Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
 
(dollars in thousands) 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change 2019 2018 Change 2019 2018 Change
Distribution, selling, and administrative $626,548
 $525,463
 19.2% $1,802,496
 $1,567,853
 15.0% $656,943
 $626,548
 4.9% $1,941,564
 $1,802,496
 7.7%
Depreciation and amortization 120,045
 99,519
 20.6% 344,569
 293,268
 17.5% 107,596
 120,045
 (10.4)% 353,862
 344,569
 2.7%
Employee severance, litigation, and other 75,553
 284,517
   143,023
 317,517
   60,006
 75,553
 156,067
 143,023
 
Impairment of long-lived assets 
 
 570,000
 
 
Total operating expenses $822,146
 $909,499
 (9.6)% $2,290,088
 $2,178,638
 5.1% $824,545
 $822,146
 0.3% $3,021,493
 $2,290,088
 31.9%
 
Distribution, selling, and administrative expenses increased 19.2%4.9%, or $101.1$30.4 million, compared to the prior year quarter, and 15.0%increased 7.7%, or $234.6$139.1 million, from the prior year quarter and nine month period, respectively, asperiod. As a percentage of revenue, distribution, selling, and administrative expenses were 1.45% in the current and prior year periods. Pharmaceutical Distribution Services' segmentServices segment's expenses increased by 23.7% and 17.0%5.9% from the prior year quarter andprimarily due an increase in costs to support revenue growth. Pharmaceutical Distribution Services' expenses increased 10.9% from the prior year nine month period respectively, primarily due to an increase in costs to support revenue growth, the January 2018 consolidation of Profarma, and the January 2018 acquisition of H.D. Smith, and duplicate costs resulting from the implementation of new information technology systems.Smith. Distribution, selling, and administrative expenses in Other increased by 9.6% and 10.7% in1.0% from the currentprior year quarter and were flat compared to the prior year nine month period respectively, primarily to support its revenue growth,as the reduction in operating expenses at the Lash consulting group was offset by the January 2018 consolidation of the specialty joint venture in Brazil, and due to duplicate costs resultingBrazil.
Depreciation expense decreased 1.0% from the implementation of new information technology systems. As a percentage of revenue, distribution, selling, and administrative expenses was 1.45% inprior year quarter. Depreciation expense increased 5.8% from the currentprior year quarter and nine month period and represents increases of 9 and 7 basis points compared to the prior year quarter and nine month period, respectively, and isprimarily due to the January 2018 acquisition of H.D. Smith and the January 2018 consolidation of ProfarmaProfarma. Amortization expense decreased 24.6% and the specialty joint venture in Brazil.
Depreciation expense increased 21.8% and 21.4%2.2% from the prior year quarter and nine month period, respectively, due to an increase in the amount of property and equipment placed in service relating to our distribution infrastructure and various

technology assets. Amortization expense increased 18.9% and 11.9%respectively. The decrease from the prior year quarter andwas primarily due to the impairment of PharMEDium intangible assets in March 2019 (see Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). The decrease from the prior year nine month period respectively,was primarily due to the impairment of PharMEDium intangible assets recorded in March 2019 and was largely offset by the amortization of intangible assets originating from our January 2018 acquisition of H.D. Smith and the January 2018 consolidation of Profarma.
 
Employee severance, costslitigation, and other in the threequarter ended June 30, 2019 included $10.8 million of severance costs primarily related to PharMEDium restructuring activities and nine monthsposition eliminations resulting from our business transformation efforts and the integration of H.D. Smith, $18.8 million of litigation costs primarily related to legal fees in connection with opioid lawsuits and investigations, $12.3 million of acquisition-related deal and integration costs (primarily related to the integration of H.D. Smith), $16.3 million related to our business transformation efforts, and $1.8 million of other restructuring initiatives. Employee severance, litigation, and other in the quarter ended June 30, 2018 wereincluded $4.8 million and $33.2 million, respectively, andof severance costs primarily related to position eliminations resulting from our business transformation efforts, and restructuring activities related to its consulting business. Litigation costs in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018 were $39.0 million and $49.5 million, respectively, andof litigation costs primarily related to legal fees in connection with opioid lawsuits and investigations and related initiatives. Litigation costs in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2017 were $273.4 million and $289.4 million, respectively, and related to litigation settlements. Other costs in the three months ended June 30, 2018 includedinitiatives, $13.0 million related to our business transformation efforts, $9.7 million of other restructuring initiatives, and $9.0 million of acquisition-related deal and integration costs. Other costs

Employee severance, litigation, and other in the nine monthsmonth period ended June 30, 2019 included $29.6 million of severance costs primarily related to PharMEDium restructuring activities, position eliminations resulting from our business transformation

efforts and the integration of H.D. Smith, and restructuring activities related to our consulting business, $47.2 million of litigation costs primarily related to legal fees in connection with opioid lawsuits and investigations, $34.3 million of acquisition-related deal and integration costs (primarily related to the integration of H.D. Smith), $33.1 million related to our business transformation efforts, and $11.8 million of other restructuring initiatives. Employee severance, litigation, and other in the nine month period ended June 30, 2018 included $33.2 million of severance costs primarily related to position eliminations resulting from our business transformation efforts, $49.5 million of litigation costs primarily related to legal fees in connection with opioid lawsuits and investigations and related initiatives, $23.7 million related to our business transformation efforts, $22.0 million of acquisition-related deal and integration costs, and $14.7 million of other restructuring initiatives. Other costs in the three months ended June 30, 2017 included $6.3

We recorded a $570.0 million impairment of acquisition-related deal and integration costs, $3.2 million of other restructuring initiatives, and $1.2 million related to our business transformation efforts. Other costsPharMEDium's long-lived assets in the nine months ended June 30, 2017 included $15.0 million2019 (see Note 5 of acquisition-related deal and integration costs, $11.7 million of other restructuring initiatives, and $1.2 million relatedthe Notes to our business transformation efforts.Consolidated Financial Statements).


Operating Income
 Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
  Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
 
(dollars in thousands) 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change 2019 2018 Change 2019 2018 Change
Pharmaceutical Distribution Services $392,652
 $379,976
 3.3% $1,269,940
 $1,243,914
 2.1% $411,707
 $392,652
 4.9% $1,301,948
 $1,269,940
 2.5%
Other 82,296
 91,338
 (9.9)% 279,626
 302,079
 (7.4)% 95,110
 82,296
 15.6% 293,923
 279,626
 5.1%
Intersegment eliminations (525) (198) (761) (212)  (142) (525) (698) (761) 
Total segment operating income 474,423
 471,116
 0.7% 1,548,805
 1,545,781
 0.2% 506,675
 474,423
 6.8% 1,595,173
 1,548,805
 3.0%
                  
Gain from antitrust litigation settlements 35,600
 
   35,938
 1,395
   3,480
 35,600
 142,735
 35,938
  
LIFO credit 16,142
 24,723
   16,142
 82,919
   9,913
 16,142
 79,747
 16,142
  
PharMEDium remediation costs (15,501) 
 (38,007) 
  (19,344) (15,501) (55,736) (38,007) 
New York State Opioid Stewardship Act 
 
 22,000
 
 
Acquisition-related intangibles amortization (45,916) (40,946)   (130,267) (117,234)   (34,024) (45,916) (125,770) (130,267)  
Employee severance, litigation, and other (75,553) (284,517)   (143,023) (317,517)   (60,006) (75,553) (156,067) (143,023)  
Impairment of long-lived assets 
 
 (570,000) 
 
Operating income $389,195
 $170,376
   $1,289,588
 $1,195,344
   $406,694
 $389,195
 4.5% $932,082
 $1,289,588
 (27.7)%
 
Segment operating income is evaluated before gain from antitrust litigation settlements; LIFO credit; PharMEDium remediation costs; New York State Opioid Stewardship Act; acquisition-related intangibles amortization; and employee severance, litigation, and other.other; and impairment of long-lived assets.
 
Pharmaceutical Distribution Services' operating income increased 3.3%4.9%, or $12.7$19.1 million, and 2.1%2.5%, or $26.0$32.0 million, from the prior year quarter and nine month period, respectively, primarily due to the increase in gross profit, largely offset in part by an increase in operating expenses. As a percentage of revenue, Pharmaceutical Distribution Services' operating income margin increased 1 basis point from the prior year quarter and decreased 8 basis points and 75 basis points from the prior year quarter andnine month period. The decrease in operating income margin from the prior year nine month period respectively,was primarily due to a lower contribution from our pharmaceutical compounding operations as it shipped fewer units as we voluntarily suspended production in December 2017 at our Memphis facility.operations.
 
Operating income in Other decreased 9.9%increased 15.6%, or $9.0$12.8 million, and 7.4%5.1%, or $22.5$14.3 million, from the prior year quarter and nine month period, respectively, primarily due to the increase in gross profit.

We recorded a decrease$13.7 million gain on the sale of an equity investment in operating income at ABCS, specificallyOther (Income) Loss in the Lash consulting group, offset in part by the operating income increase at World Courier.nine month period ended June 30, 2019.


We recorded a $30.0 million impairment onof a non-customer note receivable related to a start-up venture in Other (Income) Loss in the nine months ended June 30, 2018.



Interest expense, net and the respective weighted average interest rates in the quartersquarter ended June 30, 20182019 and 20172018 were as follows:
 2018 2017 2019 2018
(dollars in thousands) Amount 
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
 Amount 
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
 Amount 
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
 Amount 
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
Interest expense $52,845
 3.64% $37,017
 3.07% $48,710
 3.73% $52,845
 3.64%
Interest income (5,694) 1.50% (1,414) 0.60% (12,789) 1.99% (5,694) 1.50%
Interest expense, net $47,151
   $35,603
   $35,921
   $47,151
  

Interest expense, net and the respective weighted average interest rates in the nine month periodsperiod ended June 30, 20182019 and 20172018 were as follows:
 2018 2017 2019 2018
(dollars in thousands) Amount 
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
 Amount 
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
 Amount 
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
 Amount 
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
Interest expense $140,212
 3.55% $112,889
 2.90% $147,828
 3.74% $140,212
 3.55%
Interest income (8,560) 1.15% (3,015) 0.48% (26,462) 1.89% (8,560) 1.15%
Interest expense, net $131,652
   $109,874
   $121,366
   $131,652
  

Interest expense, net increased 32.4%decreased 23.8%, or $11.5$11.2 million, from the prior year quarter and 19.8%decreased 7.8%, or $21.8$10.3 million, from the prior year nine month period. The increases were primarilydecrease from the prior year quarter was driven by an increase in interest income due to a $1,057 million increase in our average invested cash balance during the current year quarter and an increase in interest rates. Additionally, interest expense was lower due to a decrease in average borrowings. The decrease from the prior year nine month period was due to an increase in interest income due to an $876 million increase in our average invested cash balance during the current year nine month period and an increase in interest rates, offset in part by an increase in interest expense due to the December 2017 issuance of senior notes to finance our January 2018 acquisition of H.D. Smith and the January 2018 consolidation of Profarma's debt and related interest expense. Average borrowings increased by $680.9 million and $391.3 million in the current year quarter and nine month period, respectively, in comparison to the prior year periods.


In connection with our incremental Brazil investments, we adjusted the carrying values of our previously held equity interests in Profarma and the specialty joint venture to equal their fair values. The adjustments resulted in a loss of $42.3 million, which was comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss of $45.9 million, a $12.4 million gain on the remeasurement of Profarma's previously held interest, and an $8.8 million loss on the remeasurement of the specialty joint venture's previously held equity interest (see Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).

For the nine month period ended June 30, 2018, we recorded a $42.3 million loss in connection with the January 2018 consolidations of Profarma and the specialty joint venture in Brazil and a $23.8 million loss on the early retirement of our $400 million of 4.875% senior notes that were due in 2019 (see Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).2019. The loss on the early retirement of the debt included a $22.3 million prepayment premium and $1.5 million of an unamortized debt discount and unamortized debt issuance costs.
 
Our effective tax rates were 18.6% and 12.2% for the quarter and nine month period ended June 30, 2019, respectively. Our effective tax rates were 19.5% and 62.2% in(33.4)% for the quartersquarter and nine month period ended June 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Ourrespectively. The effective tax rates were (33.4)% and 34.9%rate in the nine month periodsperiod ended June 30, 20182019 was primarily impacted by the $570.0 million impairment of long-lived assets (see Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements), which changed the mix of domestic and international income. The effective tax rate in the nine month period ended June 30, 2019 was also impacted by a $37.0 million decrease to our transition tax related to the 2017 respectively.Tax Act. The effective tax rate in the nine month period ended June 30, 2018 was primarily impacted by the effect of the 2017 Tax Act. Our total income tax benefit in the nine month period ended June 30, 2018 of $356.3 million reflects $587.6 million of discrete tax benefits recognized and a reduction in the U.S. federal income tax rate from 35% to 21%, both resulting from the 2017 Tax Act. We expect that the federal corporate tax rate reduction as a result of the 2017 Tax Act will continue to favorably impact our effective tax rate compared to prior periods through fiscal 2019. The effective tax rates in the quarter and nine months ended June 30, 2017 were negatively impacted by non-deductible legal settlement charges. Our effective tax rates for all interim periods reported herein were favorably impacted by our international businesses in Switzerland and Ireland, which have significantly lower income tax rates, and the benefit from stock option exercises and restricted stock vesting.

Net income and earnings per share were significantly higherlower in the current year quarter and nine month period primarily due to the 2017 Tax Act$570.0 million impairment of long-lived assets and non-deductible legal settlement charges that were incurredthe significant income tax benefit recognized in the prior year periods.nine month period as a result of the 2017 Tax Act.



Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
The following table illustrates our debt structure as of June 30, 2018,2019, including availability under the multi-currency revolving credit facility, the receivables securitization facility, the revolving credit note, and the overdraft facility:
(in thousands) 
Outstanding
Balance
 
Additional
Availability
 
Outstanding
Balance
 
Additional
Availability
Fixed-Rate Debt:  
  
  
  
$500,000, 3.50% senior notes due 2021 $498,263
 $
 $498,779
 $
$500,000, 3.40% senior notes due 2024 497,132
 
 497,621
 
$500,000, 3.25% senior notes due 2025 495,463
 
 496,141
 
$750,000, 3.45% senior notes due 2027 742,047
 
 742,889
 
$500,000, 4.25% senior notes due 2045 494,244
 
 494,460
 
$500,000, 4.30% senior notes due 2047 492,155
 
 492,422
 
Capital lease obligations 1,434
 
 40
 
Nonrecourse debt 69,856
 
 80,812
 
Total fixed-rate debt 3,290,594
 
 3,303,164
 
        
Variable-Rate Debt:  
  
  
  
Revolving credit note 
 75,000
 
 75,000
Receivables securitization facility due 2019 500,000
 950,000
Term loans due 2020 473,464
 
Multi-currency revolving credit facility due 2021 
 1,400,000
Term loan due 2020 399,710
 
Overdraft facility due 2021 (£30,000) 28,732
 10,883
 33,657
 4,428
Receivables securitization facility due 2021 350,000
 1,100,000
Multi-currency revolving credit facility due 2023 
 1,400,000
Nonrecourse debt 100,914
 
 98,171
 
Total variable-rate debt 1,103,110
 2,435,883
 881,538
 2,579,428
Total debt $4,393,704
 $2,435,883
 $4,184,702
 $2,579,428
 
Our operating results have generated cash flows, which, together with availability under our debt agreements and credit terms from suppliers, have provided sufficient capital resources to finance working capital and cash operating requirements, and to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions, repayment of debt, the payment of interest on outstanding debt, dividends, and repurchases of shares of our common stock.
 
Our primary ongoing cash requirements will be to finance working capital, fund the repayment of debt, fund the payment of interest on debt, fund repurchases of our common stock, fund the payment of dividends, finance acquisitions, and fund capital expenditures and routine growth and expansion through new business opportunities. Future cash flows from operations and borrowings are expected to be sufficient to fund our ongoing cash requirements.
 
As of June 30, 20182019 and September 30, 2017,2018, our cash and cash equivalents held by foreign subsidiaries were $1,073.8$660.9 million and $995.7$842.5 million, respectively, and are generally based in U.S. dollar denominated holdings. We expect that ourIn the nine months ended June 30, 2019, we repatriated $350.0 million of cash and cash equivalents held by foreign subsidiaries may continue to grow. Amounts held outside of the United States are generally used to support non-U.S. liquidity needs, including future acquisitions of non-U.S. entities, although a portion of these amounts are from time to time subject to short-term intercompany loans to U.S. subsidiaries. We continue to evaluate our options on utilizing cash and cash equivalents that are held by our foreign subsidiaries in light of the 2017 Tax Act. In accordance with the 2017 Tax Act (see Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements), historical foreign earnings and profits are now subject to a one-time transition tax, which we currently estimate to be $310.0 million.use for general corporate purposes.
 
We have increased seasonal needs related to our inventory build during the December and March quarters that, depending on our cash balance, may require the use of our credit facilities to fund short-term capital needs. Our cash balance in the nine months ended June 30, 20182019 and 20172018 needed to be supplemented by intra-period credit facility borrowings to cover short-term working capital needs. The largest amount of intra-period borrowings under our revolving and securitization credit facilities that was outstanding at any one time during the nine months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 and 2017 was $1,508.2$240.6 million and $626.1$1,508.2 million, respectively. We had $24,493.9$573.7 million and $6,780.0$24,493.9 million of cumulative intra-period borrowings that were repaid under our credit facilities during the nine months ended June 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, respectively.

In December 2017, we issued $750 million of 3.45% senior notes due December 15, 2027 (the "2027 Notes") and $500 million of 4.30% senior notes due December 15, 2047 (the "2047 Notes"). The 2027 Notes were sold at 99.76% of the principal

amount and have an effective yield of 3.48%. The 2047 Notes were sold at 99.51% of the principal amount and have an effective yield of 4.33%. Interest on the 2027 Notes and the 2047 Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears, commencing on June 15, 2018.

We used the proceeds from the 2027 Notes and the 2047 Notes to finance the early retirement of our $400 million of 4.875% senior notes that were due in 2019, including the payment of a $22.3 million prepayment premium, and to finance the acquisition of H.D. Smith, which was completed in January 2018.


We have a $1.4 billion multi-currency senior unsecured revolving credit facility ("Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility"), which expireswas scheduled to expire in November 2021, with a syndicate of lenders. In October 2018, we entered into an amendment to, among other things, extend the maturity to October 2023 and modify certain restrictive covenants, including modifications to allow for indebtedness of foreign subsidiaries. Interest on borrowings under the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility accrues at specified rates based on our debt rating and ranges from 70 basis points to 110 basis points over CDOR/LIBOR/EURIBOR/Bankers Acceptance Stamping Fee, as applicable (91 basis points over CDOR/LIBOR/EURIBOR/Bankers Acceptance Stamping Fee as of June 30, 2018)2019) and from 0 basis points to 10 basis points over the alternate base rate and Canadian prime rate, as applicable. We pay facility fees to maintain the availability under the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility at specified

rates based on our debt rating, ranging from 5 basis points to 15 basis points, annually, of the total commitment (9 basis points as of June 30, 2018)2019). We may choose to repay or reduce our commitments under the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility at any time. The Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility contains covenants, including compliance with a financial leverage ratio test, as well as others that impose limitations on, among other things, indebtedness of subsidiaries and asset sales, with which we were compliant as of June 30, 2018.2019.
 
We have a commercial paper program whereby we may from time to time issue short-term promissory notes in an aggregate amount of up to $1.4 billion at any one time. Amounts available under the program may be borrowed, repaid, and re-borrowed from time to time. The maturities on the notes will vary, but may not exceed 365 days from the date of issuance. The notes will bear interest, if interest bearing, or will be sold at a discount from their face amounts. The commercial paper program does not increase our borrowing capacity as it is fully backed by our Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility. There were no borrowings outstanding under our commercial paper program as of June 30, 2018.2019.
 
We have a $1,450 million receivables securitization facility ("Receivables Securitization Facility"), which expireswas scheduled to expire in November 2019. In October 2018, we entered into an amendment to extend the maturity date to October 2021. We have available to us an accordion feature whereby the commitment on the Receivables Securitization Facility may be increased by up to $250 million, subject to lender approval, for seasonal needs during the December and March quarters. Interest rates are based on prevailing market rates for short-term commercial paper or LIBOR plus a program fee. We pay a customary unused fee at prevailing market rates, annually, to maintain the availability under the Receivables Securitization Facility. The Receivables Securitization Facility contains similar covenants to the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility, with which we were compliant as of June 30, 2018.2019.

In April 2019, we elected to repay $150.0 million of our outstanding Receivables Securitization Facility balance prior to the scheduled maturity date.
 
We have an uncommitted, unsecured line of credit available to us pursuant to a revolving credit note ("Revolving Credit Note"). The Revolving Credit Note provides us with the ability to request short-term unsecured revolving credit loans from time to time in a principal amount not to exceed $75 million. The Revolving Credit Note may be decreased or terminated by the bank or us at any time without prior notice. We also have a £30 million uncommitted U.K. overdraft facility ("Overdraft Facility"), which expires in February 2021, to fund short term normal trading cycle fluctuations related to our MWI business.
In February 2015,October 2018, we entered intorefinanced $400 million of outstanding term loans by issuing a $1.0 billionnew $400 million variable-rate term loan ("February 2015October 2018 Term Loan"), which matures in October 2020. Through June 30,The October 2018 we elected to make principal payments, prior to the scheduled repayment dates, of $850 million on the February 2015 Term Loan, and as a result, our next required principal payment is due upon maturity. The February 2015 Term Loan bears interest at a rate equal either to a base rate plus a margin, or LIBOR, plus a margin.margin of 65 basis points. The margin is based on our public debt ratings and ranges from 75 basis points to 125 basis points over LIBOR (100 basis points as of June 30, 2018) and 0 basis points to 25 basis points over a base rate. The February 2015October 2018 Term Loan contains similar covenants to the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility, with which we were compliant as of June 30, 2018.2019.
In November 2015, we entered into a $1.0 billion variable-rate term loan (the "November 2015 Term Loan"), which matures in 2020. Through June 30, 2018, we made a scheduled principal payment, as well as other principal payments prior to the scheduled repayment dates totaling $675 million on the November 2015 Term Loan, and as a result, our next scheduled principal paymentNonrecourse debt is due upon maturity. The November 2015 Term Loan bears interest at a rate equal either to a base rate, plus a margin, or LIBOR, plus a margin. The margin is based on our public debt ratings and ranges from 75 basis points to 125 basis points over LIBOR (100 basis points ascomprised of June 30, 2018) and 0 basis points to 25 basis points over a base rate. The November 2015 Term Loan contains similar covenants to the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility, with which we were compliant as of June 30, 2018.

We consolidated the nonrecourse short-term and long-term debt of Profarmabelonging to the Brazil subsidiaries and the specialty joint venture in Brazil in connection with the incremental investments made in January 2018 (see Note 2 and Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial

Statements). Nonrecourse debt is repaid solely from the Brazil subsidiaries' cash flows and such debt agreements provide that the repayment of the loans (and interest thereon) is secured solely by the capital stock, physical assets, contracts, and cash flows of the Brazil subsidiaries.


In November 2016, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program allowing us to purchase up to $1.0 billion inof outstanding shares of our common stock, subject to market conditions. During the nine months ended June 30, 2018,2019, we purchased $325.4$125.8 million of our common stock under this program, which included $25.0excluded $24.0 million of JuneSeptember 2018 purchases that cash settled in October 2018, to complete our authorization under this program.

In October 2018, our board of directors authorized a new share repurchase program allowing us to purchase up to $1.0 billion of outstanding shares of our common stock, subject to market conditions. During the nine months ended June 30, 2019, we purchased $373.0 million of our common stock, which included $0.1 million of June 2019 purchases that cash settled in July 2018.2019. As of June 30, 2018,2019, we had $463.5$627.0 million of availability remaining under this program.
 
We have market risk exposure to interest rate fluctuations relating to our debt. We manage interest rate risk by using a combination of fixed-rate and variable-rate debt. The amount of variable-rate debt fluctuates during the year based on our working capital requirements. We had $1.1 billion$881.5 million of variable-rate debt outstanding as of June 30, 2018.2019. We periodically evaluate financial instruments to manage our exposure to fixed and variable interest rates. However, there are no assurances that such instruments will be available in the combinations we want and/or on terms acceptable to us. There were no such financial instruments in effect as of June 30, 2018.2019.
 
We also have market risk exposure to interest rate fluctuations relating to our cash and cash equivalents. We had $2,388.9$2,999.6 million in cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2018.2019. The unfavorable impact of a hypothetical decrease in interest rates on cash and cash equivalents would be partially offset by the favorable impact of such a decrease on variable-rate debt. For every $100

$100 million of cash invested that is in excess of variable-rate debt, a 10 basis point decrease in interest rates would increase our annual net interest expense by $0.1 million.
 
We have minimal exposure to foreign currency and exchange rate risk from our non-U.S. operations. Our largest exposure to foreign exchange rates exists primarily with the Brazilian Real, the Euro, the U.K. Pound Sterling, and the Canadian Dollar, and the Brazilian Real.Dollar. Revenue from our foreign operations is less thanapproximately two percent of our consolidated revenue. We may utilize foreign currency denominated forward contracts to hedge against changes in foreign exchange rates. We may use derivative instruments to hedge our foreign currency exposure, but not for speculative or trading purposes. As of June 30, 2018, we had one foreign currency denominated contract outstanding that hedges the foreign currency exchange risk of a C$20.1 million outstanding note.

New York State ("NYS") enacted the Opioid Stewardship Act ("OSA"), which went into effect on July 1, 2018. The OSA established an annual $100 million Opioid Stewardship Fund (the "Fund") and requires manufacturers, distributors, and importers licensed in NYS to ratably source the Fund. The ratable share of the assessment for each licensee is based upon opioids sold or distributed to or within NYS. The OSA requires licensees to initially report transaction data for the 2017 calendar year by August 1, 2018, which NYS will use to calculate ratable shares of the assessment. Licensees will be notified of their ratable share of the assessment for calendar 2017 by October 15, 2018. The initial payment to NYS is due on January 1, 2019 for opioids sold or distributed during calendar year 2017, and future assessments, beginning with the 2018 calendar year, will be payable quarterly beginning on April 1, 2019. The OSA expires on June 30, 2024. While we have concluded that it is probable that a liability has been incurred, we are unable to reasonably estimate a point estimate or a range of amounts which we may owe under the OSA for the sale or distribution of opioids during the period from January 1, 2017 through June 30, 2018 because the information necessary to determine our share of the assessment is not yet available, and there is significant uncertainty on the application and interpretation of the OSA to our pharmaceutical distribution activities within the state of New York. As a result, no amount has been accrued as of June 30, 2018. We do not expect the OSA will have a material impact to our results of operations or cash flows; however, if other state or local jurisdictions enact similar legislation, such legislation in the aggregate may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition.


The following is a summary of our contractual obligations for future principal and interest payments on our debt, minimum rental payments on our noncancelable operating leases and financing obligations, and minimum payments on our other commitments as of June 30, 2018:2019:
Payments Due by Period (in thousands) Debt, Including Interest Payments 
Operating
Leases
 
Financing Obligations 1
 Other Commitments Total Debt, Including Interest Payments 
Operating
Leases
 
Financing Obligations 1
 Other Commitments Total
Within 1 year $338,551
 $92,291
 $27,566
 $83,307
 $541,715
 $287,386
 $95,058
 $22,364
 $85,630
 $490,438
1-3 years 1,242,819
 164,532
 55,912
 149,059
 1,612,322
 1,575,300
 155,905
 63,097
 78,619
 1,872,921
4-5 years 712,657
 126,120
 50,614
 72,366
 961,757
 709,143
 119,065
 71,823
 58,444
 958,475
After 5 years 3,912,426
 157,291
 113,094
 187,775
 4,370,586
 3,310,663
 180,337
 279,076
 105,444
 3,875,520
Total $6,206,453
 $540,234
 $247,186
 $492,507
 $7,486,380
 $5,882,492
 $550,365
 $436,360
 $328,137
 $7,197,354
                    
1 Represents the portion of future minimum lease payments relating to facility leases where we were determined to be the accounting owner (see Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017 for a more detailed description of our accounting for leases). These payments are recognized as reductions to the financing obligation and as interest expense and exclude the future non-cash termination of the financing obligation.
1 Represents the portion of future minimum lease payments relating to facility leases where we were determined to be the accounting owner (see Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 for a more detailed description of our accounting for leases). These payments are recognized as reductions to the financing obligation and as interest expense and exclude the future non-cash termination of the financing obligation.
1 Represents the portion of future minimum lease payments relating to facility leases where we were determined to be the accounting owner (see Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 for a more detailed description of our accounting for leases). These payments are recognized as reductions to the financing obligation and as interest expense and exclude the future non-cash termination of the financing obligation.


The 2017 Tax Act requires a one-time transition tax to be recognized on historical foreign earnings and profits. We currently estimate that our liabilityexpect to pay $182.6 million, net of overpayments and tax credits, related to the transition tax is approximately $310.0 million as of June 30, 2018,2019, which is payable in installments over an eight-yeara six-year period commencing in January 2019.2021. The transition tax commitment is included in "Other Commitments" in the above table.

We outsource to IBM Global Services a significant portion of our data center operations. The remaining commitment under our arrangement, which expires in January 2021, is approximately $37.7 million as of June 30, 2018, $15.3 million of which represents our commitment over the next twelve months, and is included in "Other Commitments" in the above table.


Our liability for uncertain tax positions was $254.5$112.5 million (including interest and penalties) as of June 30, 2018.2019. This liability represents an estimate of tax positions that we have taken in our tax returns which may ultimately not be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. Since the amount and timing of any future cash settlements cannot be predicted with reasonable certainty, the estimated liability has been excluded from the above contractual obligations table.
 
During the nine months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017,2019, our operating activities provided cash of $1,671.2 million in comparison to $746.0 million in the prior year period. Cash provided by operations during the nine months ended June 30, 2019 was principally the result of an increase in accounts payable of $964.7 million, non-cash items of $957.2 million, and $123.7net income of $721.8 million, respectively.offset in part by an increases in accounts receivable of $672.7 million and inventories of $280.1 million. The increase in accounts payable was primarily driven by the increase in inventories and the timing of scheduled payments to suppliers. The non-cash items were comprised primarily of a $570.0 million impairment of PharMEDium's long-lived assets (see Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements), $246.3 million of depreciation expense, and $137.8 million of amortization expense. The increase in accounts receivable was the result of our revenue growth and the timing of payments from our customers. The increase in our inventories as of June 30, 2019 reflects the increase in business volume.
We use days sales outstanding, days inventory on hand, and days payable outstanding to evaluate our working capital performance. The below financial metrics are calculated based upon a quarterly average and can be impacted by the timing of cash receipts and disbursements, which can vary significantly depending upon the day of the week in which the month ends.
 Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
Days sales outstanding25.1 24.6 25.2 24.4
Days inventory on hand28.0 28.7 28.6 30.5
Days payable outstanding57.7 56.8 58.1 56.6

Our days inventory on hand in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 were higher than the current year nine month period primarily due to the prior year onboarding of new business with our largest customer.

Our cash flows from operating activities can vary significantly from period to period based upon fluctuations in our period-end working capital account balances. Additionally, any changes to payment terms with a significant customer or manufacturer supplier could have a material impact to our cash flows from operations. Operating cash flows during the nine months ended June 30, 2019 included $137.6 million of interest payments and $94.3 million of income tax payments, net of refunds. Operating cash flows during the nine months ended June 30, 2018 included $129.0 million of interest payments and $93.2 million of income tax payments, net of refunds.

During the nine months ended June 30, 2018, our operating activities provided $746.0 million of cash. Cash provided by operations during the nine months ended June 30, 2018 was principally the result of net income of $1,421.9 million, an increase in accounts payable of $463.9 million, and an increase in income taxes payable of $269.5 million, offset in part by an increase in accounts receivable of $1,107.6 million and negative non-cash items of $241.2 million. The increase in accounts payable was primarily driven by the timing of scheduled payments to suppliers. The increase in income taxes payable was primarily driven by a one-time transition tax on historical foreign earnings and profits through December 31, 2017 in connection with tax reform. The increase in accounts receivable was the result of our revenue growth and the timing of payments from our customers. The non-cash items were comprised primarily of a $747.4 million deferred income tax benefit, $233.5 million of depreciation expense, and $149.1 million of amortization expense. The deferred income tax benefit was primarily the result of applying a lower U.S. federal income tax rate to net deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2017 in connection with tax reform.
 
We use days sales outstanding, days inventory on hand, and days payable outstanding to evaluate our working capital performance. The below financial metrics are calculated based upon a quarterly average and can be impacted by the timing of cash receipts and disbursements, which can vary significantly depending upon the day of the week in which the month ends.
 Three months ended
June 30,
 Nine months ended
June 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Days sales outstanding24.6 24.2 24.4 23.5
Days inventory on hand28.7 30.4 30.5 30.3
Days payable outstanding56.8 58.3 56.6 57.1

Our cash flows from operating activities can vary significantly from period to period based on fluctuations in our period end working capital. Additionally, any changes to payment terms with a significant customer or manufacturer supplier could have a material impact to our cash flows from operations. Operating cash flows during the nine months ended June 30, 2018 included $129.0 million of interest payments and $93.2 million of income tax payments, net of refunds. Operating cash flows during the nine months ended June 30, 2017 included $99.0 million of interest payments and $59.4 million of income tax payments, net of refunds.

During the nine months ended June 30, 2017, our operating activities provided cash of $123.7 million. Cash provided by operations during the nine months ended June 30, 2017 was principally the result of an increase in accounts payable of $877.0 million, net income of $709.1 million, non-cash items of $522.8 million, offset in part by an increase in accounts receivable of $1,419.1 million and an increase in merchandise inventories of $829.9 million. The increase in accounts payable was primarily driven by the increase in merchandise inventories and the timing of scheduled payments to our suppliers. The non-cash items were comprised primarily of $225.9 million of deferred income tax expense, $192.9 million of depreciation expense, and $127.4 million of amortization expense. The increase in accounts receivable was the result of our revenue growth and a gradual change in payment terms with our largest customer that occurred between May 2016 and February 2017 as part of a contract amendment that, among other things, extended the term of our relationship with the customer. We increased our merchandise inventories at June 30, 2017 to support the increase in business volume.
Capital expenditures for the nine months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were $230.8 million and 2017 were $248.4 million, respectively. Significant capital expenditures in the nine months ended June 30, 2019 included costs associated with the construction of a new support facility and $371.4technology initiatives, including costs related to enhancing and upgrading our information technology systems. We currently expect to invest approximately $300 million respectively.for capital expenditures during fiscal 2019. Significant capital expenditures in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 included technology initiatives, including costs related to enhancing and upgrading our enterprise resource planning ("ERP")information technology systems and costs associated with expanding distribution capacity.

We currently expectacquired businesses to invest approximately $325support our animal health business for $54.0 million for capital expenditures during fiscal 2018. Significant capital expendituresand $70.0 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2017 included costs associated with expanding distribution capacity2019 and technology initiatives, including costs related to enhancing and upgrading our ERP systems.

2018, respectively. In the nine months ended June 30, 2018, we acquired a northeast regional animal health distributor for $70.0 million to expand our animal health business, and wealso acquired H.D. Smith, the largest independent pharmaceutical wholesaler in the United States, for $815.0 million. In addition, we made incremental investments in Brazil totaling $78.1 million. The cash used on the above investments was offset by $179.6 million of cash consolidated in connection with the Brazil investments (see Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).


Net cash used in financing activities in the nine months ended June 30, 2019 principally resulted from $522.8 million in purchases of our common stock and $255.1 million in cash dividends paid on our common stock. Net cash provided by financing activities in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 principally includedresulted from the issuance of $750 million of 3.45% senior notes and the issuance of $500 million of 4.30% senior notes, offset in part by the early retirement of the $400 million of 4.875% senior notes, $300.4 million in purchases of our common stock, and $251.0 million in cash dividends paid on our common stock. Net cash used in financing activities in the nine months ended June 30, 2017 principally included a $600 million repayment of our 1.15% senior notes, $240.2 million in cash dividends paid on our common stock, and $229.9 million in purchases of our common stock.notes.


In November 2017,2018, our board of directors increased the quarterly cash dividend by 4%5% from $0.365$0.38 per share to $0.380$0.40 per share. We anticipate that we will continue to pay quarterly cash dividends in the future. However, the payment and amount of future dividends remains within the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our future earnings, financial condition, capital requirements, and other factors.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
 
Certain of the statements contained in this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere in this report are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Words such as "expect," "likely," "outlook," "forecast," "would," "could," "should," "can," "project," "intend," "plan," "continue," "sustain," "synergy," "on track," "believe," "seek," "estimate," "anticipate," "may," "possible," "assume," variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are based on management's current expectations and are subject to uncertainty and changechanges in circumstances.circumstances and speak only as of the date hereof. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are based on assumptions and estimates that could prove incorrect or could cause actual results to vary materially from those indicated. Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected, anticipated, or implied are the following: unfavorable trends in brand and generic pharmaceutical pricing, including in rate or frequency of price inflation or deflation; competition and industry consolidation of both customers and suppliers resulting in increasing pressure to reduce prices for our products and services; changes in pharmaceutical market growth rates; changes in the United States healthcare and regulatory environment, including changes that could impact prescription drug reimbursement under Medicare and Medicaid; increasing governmental regulations regarding the pharmaceutical supply channel and pharmaceutical compounding; declining reimbursement rates for pharmaceuticals; continued federal and state government enforcement initiatives to detect and prevent suspicious orders of controlled substances and the diversion of controlled substances; increased public concern over the abuse of opioid medications; continued prosecution or suit by federal, state and other governmental entities of alleged violations of laws and regulations regarding controlled substances, and any related disputes, including shareholder derivative lawsuits; increased federal scrutiny and litigation, including qui tam litigation, for alleged violations of laws and regulations governing the marketing, sale, purchase and/or dispensing of pharmaceutical products or services, and associated reserves and costs, including the reserve recorded in connection with the proceedings with the United States Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of New York;costs; material adverse developments or resolution of pending legal proceedings; the retention of key customer or supplier relationships under less favorable economics or the adverse resolution of any contract or other dispute with customers or suppliers; changes to customer or supplier payment terms; risks associated with the strategic, long-term relationship between Walgreens Boots Alliance, Inc. and the Company, including principally with respect to the pharmaceutical distribution agreement and/or the global generic purchasing services arrangement; changes in tax laws or legislative initiatives that could adversely affect the Company's tax positions and/or the Company's tax liabilities or adverse resolution of challenges to the Company's tax positions; regulatory or enforcement action in connection with the production, labeling or packaging of products compounded by our compounded sterile preparations (CSP) business;business or the related consent decree; suspension of production of CSPs; failure to realize the expected benefits fromCSPs, including continued suspension at our reorganization and other business process initiatives; the acquisition of businesses that do not perform as expected, or that are difficult to integrate or control, including the integration of H. D. Smith and PharMEDium, or the inability to capture all of the anticipated synergies related thereto;Memphis facility; managing foreign expansion, including non-compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, anti-bribery laws, and economic sanctions and import laws and regulations; declining economic conditions in the United States and abroad; financial market volatility and disruption; substantial defaults in payment, material reduction in purchases by or the loss, bankruptcy or insolvency of a major customer; the loss, bankruptcy or insolvency of a major supplier; changes to the customer or supplier mix; malfunction, failure or breach of sophisticated information systems to operate as designed; risks generally associated with data privacy regulation and the international transfer of personal data; natural disasters or other unexpected events that affect the Company’s operations; the impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets (including any additional impairments with respect to foreign operations)operations or PharMEDium), resulting in a charge to earnings; the acquisition of businesses that do not perform as expected, or that are difficult to integrate or control, including the integration of H. D. Smith and PharMEDium, or the inability to capture all of the anticipated synergies related thereto or to capture the anticipated synergies within the expected time period; the fact that the acquisition of H. D. Smith may make it more difficult to establish or maintain relationships with employees, suppliers, customers and other business partners; the Company's ability to manage and complete divestitures; the disruption of the Company's cash flow and ability to return value to its stockholders in accordance with its past practices; interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; declining economic conditions in the United States and abroad; and other economic, business, competitive, legal, tax, regulatory and/or operational factors affecting the Company's business generally. Certain additional factors that management believes could cause actual outcomes and results to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements are set forth (i) elsewhere in this report, (ii) in Item 1A (Risk Factors), in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 20172018 and elsewhere in that report and (iii) in other reports filed by the Company pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, except as required by the federal securities laws.



ITEM 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
The Company’s most significant market risks are the effects of changing interest rates, foreign currency risk, and changes in the price and volatility of the Company’s common stock.  See the discussion under "Liquidity and Capital Resources" in Item 2 on page 26.29.
 
ITEM 4.  Controls and Procedures
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are intended to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC.  These controls and procedures also are intended to ensure that information required to be disclosed in such reports is accumulated and communicated to management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
 
The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, with the participation of other members of the Company’s management, have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a — 15(e) and 15d — 15(e) under the Exchange Act) and have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective for their intended purposes as of the end of the period covered by this report.
 
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
During the third quarter of fiscal 2018,2019, there was no change in AmerisourceBergen Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.



PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1.  Legal Proceedings
 
See Note 10 (Legal Matters and Contingencies) of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements set forth under Item 1 of Part I of this report for the Company’s current description of legal proceedings.
 
ITEM 1A.  Risk Factors
 
Our significant business risks are described in Item 1A to Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 20172018 to which reference is made herein.
 
ITEM 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
The following table sets forth the number of shares purchased, the average price paid per share, the total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced programs, and the approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the programs during each month in the third quarter ended June 30, 2018.2019.
Period 
Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased
 
Average Price
Paid per
Share
 
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced
Programs
 
Approximate Dollar
Value of
Shares that May Yet Be
Purchased
Under the Programs
 
Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased
 
Average Price
Paid per
Share
 
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced
Programs
 
Approximate Dollar
Value of
Shares that May Yet Be
Purchased
Under the Programs
April 1 to April 30 
 $
 
 $728,709,857
 116
 $75.35
 
 $801,896,921
May 1 to May 31 2,335,748
 $85.28
 2,335,748
 $529,512,016
 1,038,138
 $79.56
 1,034,499
 $719,581,614
June 1 to June 30 773,375
 $85.36
 773,058
 $463,524,420
 1,111,252
 $83.29
 1,111,252
 $627,021,288
Total 3,109,123
  
 3,108,806
  
 2,149,506
  
 2,145,751
  
 
ITEM 3.  Defaults Upon Senior Securities
 
None.
 
ITEM 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures
 
Not applicable.
 
ITEM 5.  Other Information
 
None.



ITEM 6.  Exhibits
 
(a)Exhibits:
Exhibit NumberDescription
31.1
  
31.2
  
32
  
101
Financial statements from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of AmerisourceBergen Corporation for the quarter ended June 30, 2018,2019, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v)(vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.



SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION
  
August 2, 20181, 2019/s/ Steven H. Collis
 Steven H. Collis
 Chairman, President & Chief Executive Officer
  
August 2, 20181, 2019/s/ Tim G. GuttmanJames F. Cleary
 Tim G. GuttmanJames F. Cleary
 Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
  


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