UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2022

For the transition period from _______________________ to _______________________

Commission file number 1-12471

THEMAVEN,THE ARENA GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(775) 600-2765(212)321-5002

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Common Stock $0.01 par value

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yesþ ☒ No¨☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yesþ ☒ No¨ ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company”company, or an emerging growth company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):Act).

If an emerging growth company, indicated by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(b)13(a) of the Exchange Act¨☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes¨☐ or Noþ☒

As of November 13, 2017,May 2, 2022, the Registrant had 28,516,00917,808,434 shares of common stock outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Form 10-Q 

For the quarter ended September 30, 2017

Table of Contents

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking InformationStatements

This report by theMaven,Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) of The Arena Group Holdings, Inc. (“Parent”), which includes information for its wholly owned subsidiary theMaven Network, Inc. (“Subsidiary”) (collectively “theMaven,(the “Company,” “Company” or “we”“we,” “our,” and “us”) contains “forward-lookingcertain forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements relate to future events or future performance and include, without limitation, statements concerning the Company’sour business strategy, future revenues, market growth, capital requirements, product introductions, and expansion plans and the adequacy of the Company’sour funding. Other statements contained in this Quarterly Report that are not historical facts are also forward-looking statements. The Company hasWe have tried, wherever possible, to identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates”“estimates,” and other comparable terminology.

The Company cautionsWe caution investors that any forward-looking statements presented in this report,Quarterly Report, or that the Companywe may make orally or in writing from time to time, are based on the beliefs of, assumptions made by, and information currently available to, the Company.us. Such statements are based on assumptions, and the actual outcome will be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties, and factors that are beyond the Company’sour control or ability to predict. Although the Company believeswe believe that itsour assumptions are reasonable, they are not guarantees of future performance, and some will inevitably prove to be incorrect. As a result, the Company’sour actual future results can be expected to differ from itsour expectations, and those differences may be material. Accordingly, investors should use caution in relying on forward-looking statements, which are based only on known results and trends at the time they are made, to anticipate future results or trends. CertainOther risks are discusseddetailed by us in this Report and also from time to time in the Company’s otherour public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including in Item 1A., Risk Factors, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on April 1, 2022 (the “Form 10-K”). The discussion in this Quarterly Report should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report and our Annual Report.

This reportQuarterly Report and all subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to the Companyus or any person acting on itsour behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. The Company doesWe do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to itsour forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report.

PartPART I - Financial Information– FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ItemITEM 1. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

THE ARENA GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Index to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

theMaven, Inc. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Balance Sheets

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

theMaven, Inc. and SubsidiaryTHE ARENA GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.statements.

theMaven, Inc. and SubsidiaryTHE ARENA GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.statements.

THE ARENA GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

theMaven, Inc. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statement of Cash FlowsCONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIENCY

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022

theMaven, Inc. and SubsidiaryTHE ARENA GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIENCY

(unaudited)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2021

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statementscondensed consolidated financial statements.

September 30, 2017

(Unaudited)

1. Nature of Operations

theMaven, Inc. (“Parent”) and theMaven Network, Inc. (“Subsidiary”) (collectively “theMaven” or the “Company”) are developing an exclusive network of professionally managed online media channels, with an underlying technology platform. Each channel will be operated by a “invite only” “Channel Partner” drawn from subject matter experts, reporters, group evangelists and social leaders. Channel Partners will publish content and oversee an online community for their respective channels, leveraging a proprietary, socially-driven, mobile-enabled, video-focused technology platform to engage niche audiences within a single network.

During the second quarter of 2017 the Company’s platform and media channel operations were launched in beta stage and by the end of the third quarter there were a total of 23 channel partners operating on theMaven Network. Internet users since the launch of our channels are able to utilize the platform on desktop, laptop and mobile devices for these channels. We expect that during the fourth quarter additional channels will be launched. As of November 13, 2017, we have over sixty signed channel partners and 28 channel partners operating on theMaven Network. We do not expect to have significant revenue during the fourth quarter as we continue development of our technology and the commencement of business operations establishing a media audience.

2. Basis of Presentation

theMaven Network, Inc. was incorporated in Nevada on July 22, 2016, under the name “Amplify Media, Inc.” On July 27, 2016, the corporate name was amended to “Amplify Media Network, Inc.” and on October 14, 2016, the corporate name was changed to “theMaven Network, Inc.”.

theMaven, Inc. was formerly known as Integrated Surgical Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Integrated”). From June 2007 until November 4, 2016, Integrated was a non-active “shell company” as defined by regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). On August 11, 2016, Integrated entered into a loan to Subsidiary that provided initial funding totaling $735,099 for the Subsidiary’s operations. Integrated’s Board of Directors structured the loan to the Subsidiary as fully secured so that Integrated would receive cash at maturity of the loan if negotiations for a combination did not result in the consummated Recapitalization transaction. If the loan was not repaid then the remedies in the event of default were to pursue (a) the personal guarantee and/or (b) the mortgaged real estate collateral. The loan was not secured by the intellectual property of the Subsidiary, but there was a covenant that the Subsidiary would not, without prior written consent, sell or assign the business or intellectual property. This negative covenant did not give Integrated control or rights other than as a creditor. The loan did not provide Integrated with an equity interest or other ownership or control rights in the Subsidiary. The loan did not have any rights to conversion into equity in the Subsidiary. The note, and the associated payable, was cancelled as part of the Recapitalization and the proceeds from the borrowing from Integrated was considered as cash received due to the Recapitalization in addition to the net assets acquired.

On October 14, 2016, Integrated entered into a Share Exchange Agreement (the “Share Exchange Agreement”) with Subsidiary and the shareholders of Subsidiary holding all of the issued and outstanding shares of Subsidiary (collectively, “Subsidiary Shareholders”). The Share Exchange Agreement was amended on November 4, 2016, to include certain newly issued shares of Subsidiary in the transaction and make related changes to the agreement and the Share Exchange was consummated. The transaction resulted in Parent acquiring Subsidiary by the exchange of all of the outstanding shares of Subsidiary for 12,517,152 newly issued shares of the common stock, $0.01 par value (the “Common Stock”) of Parent, representing approximately 56.7% of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock of Parent immediately after the transaction.

In determining the accounting treatment for the Share Exchange Agreement, the primary factor was determining which party, directly or indirectly, holds greater than 50 percent of the voting shares has control and is considered to be the acquirer. Because the former shareholders of the Subsidiary received 56.7 percent voting control of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company after the transaction, the transaction was considered to be a reverse recapitalization for accounting purposes. Other factors that indicated that the former stockholders of the Subsidiary had control of the Company after the transaction included, (1) fully diluted equity interests, (2) composition of senior management, (3) former officers of the Parent ceded day-to-day responsibilities to officers of the Subsidiary, and (4) composition of Board of Directors. On a fully diluted basis, the former shareholders of the Subsidiary received 53.5 percent of the equity interests in the Company. All the members of senior management of the Company, other than the part-time Chief Financial Officer, were former shareholders of the Subsidiary. The former officers of the non-active shell ceded day-to-day management to officers of the Subsidiary. The Board of Directors, immediately after the Recapitalization included three members from the Parent and two members from the Subsidiary. Because the former shareholders of the Subsidiary could vote to make changes in the Board composition, the conclusion was that control of the Board, in substance, was vested in the former shareholders of the Subsidiary.

THE ARENA GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

THE ARENA GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

($ in thousands, unless otherwise stated)

Basis of Presentation

The transaction is referred tocondensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of The Arena Group Holdings, Inc. (formerly known as the “Recapitalization.” The Recapitalization was consummated on November 4, 2016, as a result of which theMaven Network,TheMaven, Inc. became a) and its wholly owned subsidiary of Integrated (the “Closing”). subsidiaries (“The note payable between IntegratedArena Group” or the “Company”), after eliminating all significant intercompany balances and Subsidiary was an interdependent transaction with the Recapitalization and was cancelled upon closing of the Recapitalization. On December 2, 2016, Integrated amendedtransactions. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements. The Company changed its Certificate of Incorporationcorporate name to change its nameThe Arena Group Holdings, Inc. from “Integrated Surgical Systems,TheMaven, Inc.” to “theMaven, Inc.” on February 8, 2022.

From June 2007 until the closing of the Recapitalization, Integrated was a non-active “shell company” as defined by regulations of the SEC and, accordingly, the Recapitalization was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization rather than a business combination. As the Subsidiary is deemed to be the purchaser for accounting purposes under reverse recapitalization accounting, the Company’s financial statements are presented as a continuation of Subsidiary, and the accounting for the Recapitalization is equivalent to the issuance of stock by Subsidiary for the net monetary assets of Parent as of the Closing accompanied by a recapitalization.  See Note 9 Stockholders’ Equity for summary of the assets acquired, transaction costs and the consideration exchanged in the Recapitalization.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance withpursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for Form 10-Q. The Balance Sheet at December 31, 2016 has been derived from the Company’s auditedcomplete financial statements.

In the opinion of management, these financial statements reflect all normal recurring, and other adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements, which are included in the Company’sThe Arena Group’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. Operating2021, filed with the SEC on April 1, 2022.

The condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2022, and for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, are unaudited but, in management’s opinion, include all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results of interim periods. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021, was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of operatingthe results to be expected for anthe entire fiscal year. The Company’s impact during the first quarter of 2022 by the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic has been to a lesser extent than in 2021. With the initial onset of COVID-19, the Company faced significant change in its advertisers’ buying behavior. Since May 2020, there has been a steady recovery in the advertising market in both pricing and volume, which coupled with the return of professional and college sports yielded steady growth in revenues. Given that the Sports Illustrated media business relies on sporting events to generate content and comprises a material portion of the Company’s revenues, the cash flows and results of operations are susceptible to a widespread cancellation of sporting events or a general limitation of societal activity akin to what is widely known to have occurred in the Unites States and elsewhere during the 2020 calendar year or any other future periods.

Comparative Period from Inceptionand, to a lesser extent, during the 2021 calendar year. Future widespread shutdowns of in-person economic activity could have a material impact on July 22, 2016 to September 30, 2016

theMaven Network, Inc. was incorporated on July 22, 2016 and initially issued shares of its common stock on August 1, 2016 in exchange for cash at par value. Through September 30, 2016, the previously reported financial statements of Integrated did not include the operations of theMaven Network, Inc. However, unaudited financial statements of theMaven Network, Inc. for the three months ended September 30, 2016 were previously issued.Company’s business. As a result of the accounting forCompany’s advertising revenue declining in early 2021 caused by the Recapitalization aswidespread cancellations of sporting events, the November 4, 2016 effective dateCompany is vulnerable to a risk of loss in the transaction,near term and it is at least reasonably possible that events or circumstances may occur that could cause an impact in the near term, that depend on the actions taken to prevent the further spread of COVID-19.

The Company operates in one reportable segment.

Reverse Stock Split

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of theMaven Network, Inc. becameand notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements of Integratedgive effect to the reverse stock split for all periods previously presented. Subsequently, in conjunction with the preparation of audited consolidated financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded certain stock-based compensation adjustments to reflect the accounting for the fair value of thepresented that was effective on February 9, 2022. The shares of common stock retained a par value of $0.01 per share. Accordingly, stockholders’ deficiency reflects the reverse stock split by reclassifying from “common stock” to “additional paid-in capital” in an amount equal to the par value of the decreased shares resulting from the reverse stock split. Any fractional shares that would otherwise be issued by theMaven Network, Inc. in August 2016 that were subject to vesting and redemption provisions (see Note 9). Asas a result the accompanying consolidated unaudited statements of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2016 include stock-based compensation costs of $935,058, of which $67,842 was allocated to research and development expense and $867,216 was allocated to general and administrative expense. These stock-based compensation adjustments did not have any effect on cash flows from operating activities for the three months ended September 30, 2016 or on total stockholders’ equity as of September 30, 2016.

3. Going Concern

The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been presented on the basis that it is a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company’s activities are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including the need for additional capital, as described below.

The Company has not generated significant revenues since July 22, 2016 (Inception) and has financed its operations through (a) the Recapitalization transaction with Parent, (b) a loan from Parent that was cancelled upon closing of the Recapitalization and (c) two private placements of commonreverse stock in April 2017 and in October 2017. The Company has incurred operating losses and negative operating cash flows, and it expectssplit were rounded up to continue to incur operating losses and negative operating cash flows for at least the next few years. As a result, management has concluded that there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, and the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, in its report on the Company’s 2016 consolidated financial statements, has raised substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.nearest whole share.

As fully described in Note 9 Stockholders’ Equity, in April 2017, the Company completed a private placement of its common stock, raising proceeds of $3.5 million net of cash offering costs. As described in Note 13 Subsequent Events the Company completed a second private placement raising gross proceeds of $2.75 million in October 2017, of which $1.75 million had been received as of September 30, 2017. The Company believes that it does not have sufficient funds to support its operations through the end of the first quarter of 2018. In order to continue business operations past that point, the Company currently anticipates that it will need to raise additional debt and/or equity capital in the first quarter of 2018.

There can be no assurances that the Company will be able to secure any such additional financing on acceptable terms and conditions, or at all. If cash resources become insufficient to satisfy the Company’s ongoing cash requirements, the Company will be required to scale back or discontinue its technology development programs, or obtain funds, if available (although there can be no certainty), or to discontinue its operations entirely.

4. Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and the three months ended September 30, 2016. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparationPreparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of AmericaGAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date ofdisclosed in the financial statements and revenues and expenses for the reporting period.accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially differ from these estimates. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those estimates.

Digital Media Content

related to the allowance for credit losses, fair values of financial instruments, capitalization of platform development, intangible assets and goodwill, useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, income taxes, fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the business acquisitions, determination of the fair value of stock-based compensation and valuation of derivatives liabilities and contingent liabilities, among others. The Company intends to operate a network of online media channelsbases its estimates on assumptions, both historical and will provide digital media (text, audio and video) over the Internet that users may access on demand. As a broadcaster that transmits third party content owned by our channel partners via digital media, the Company applies ASC 920, “Entertainment – Broadcasters”. The channel partners generally receive variable amounts of considerationforward looking, that are dependent upon the calculation of revenue earned by the channel in a given month, referred to as a “revenue share”, that are payable in arrears. In certain circumstances, there is a monthly fixed fee minimum or a fixed yield (“revenue per 1000 impressions”) based on the volume of advertising impressions served. We disclose fixed dollar commitments for channel content licenses in Note 12 Commitments and Contingencies. Channel partner agreements that include fixed yield based on the volume of impressions served are not included in Note 12 because they cannot be quantified, but are expectedbelieved to be significant. The expense relatedreasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), which updates various codification topics to channel partner agreements are reportedsimplify the accounting guidance for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, with a specific focus on convertible instruments and the derivative scope exception for contracts in “Service Costs” inan entity’s own equity and amends the Statement of Operations. The cash payments related to channel partner agreements are classified within “Net cash used in operating activities” on the Statement of Cash Flows. Also under ASC 920, if channel partner agreements are structured such that the fee paid precedes the right to use the content because the broadcasts will occur in future periods, the Company will record a Content Asset and a related Content Obligation when all of the following conditions are met, (1) the cost of the content is known or reasonably determinable, (2) the content has been accepted and (3) the content is availablediluted EPS computation for broadcasting under the terms of the channel partner agreement. Capitalized content cost will be amortized on a systematic basis over the agreement term on a straight-line method or an accelerated method depending on the economic and agreement terms. Capitalized content costs will be evaluated for impairment at least annually or whenever circumstances indicate that Content Assets may be impaired.

Revenue Recognition

During the third quarter of 2017,these instruments. On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASC 606, “RevenueASU 2020-06 with no material impact to its condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options, a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF), to provide explicit guidance on accounting by issuers for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options that remain equity classified after the modification or exchange. On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASU 2021-04 with no material impact to its condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805), Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers”Customers, which requires an acquirer to account for revenue contracts acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606 as if it had originated the contracts. The acquirer may assess how the acquiree applied Topic 606 to determine what to record for the acquired contracts. This update should lead to recognition and measurement consistent with what’s reported in the acquiree’s financial statements, provided that the acquiree prepared financial statements in accordance with GAAP. The new standard marks a change from current GAAP, under which assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination, including contract assets and contract liabilities arising from revenue contracts, are generally recognized at fair value at the acquisition date. On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASU 2021-08 with no material impact to its condensed financial position, results of operations or cash flows. This new accounting standard for revenue recognition. Since the Company had not previously generated revenue from customers the Company did not havewill be applied prospectively to transition its accounting method from ASC 605, “Revenue Recognition”.business combinations.

Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services are transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The Company generates all of its revenue from contracts with customers. The following is a description of the principal activities from which the Company generates revenue:

Advertising

The Company enters into contracts with advertising networks to serve display or video advertisements on the digital media pages associated with our various channels. In accordance with ASC 606 the Company recognizes revenue from advertisements at the point in time when each ad is viewed as reported by our advertising network partners. The quantity of advertisements, the impression bid prices and revenue are reported on a real-time basis. Although reported advertising transactions are subject to adjustment by the advertising network partners, any such adjustments are known within a few days of month end. The Company owes our independent publisher channel partners a revenue share of the advertising revenue earned and this is recorded as service costs in the same period in which the associated advertising revenue is recognized.

Membership

The Company enters into contracts with Internet users that subscribe to premium content on the digital media channels. These contracts provide Internet users with a subscription to access the premium content for a given period of time, which is generally one year. In accordance with ASC 606 the Company recognizes revenue from each membership subscription over time based on a daily calculation of revenue during the reporting period. Subscribers make payment for a subscription by credit card and the amount of the subscription collected in cash is initially recorded as deferred revenue on the balance sheet. As the Company provides access to the premium content over the subscription term the Company recognizes revenue and proportionately reduces the deferred revenue balance. The Company owes our independent publisher channel partners a revenue share of the membership revenue earned and this is initially deferred as deferred contract costs. The Company recognizes deferred contract costs over the subscription term in the same pattern that the associated membership revenue is recognized.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by product line, geographical market and timing of revenue recognition:

Contract Balances

The following table provides information about contract balances as of September 30, 2017:

The Company receives payments from advertising customers based upon contractual payment terms; accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional and generally collected within 90 days. The Company generally receives payments from membership customers at the time of sign up for each subscription; accounts receivable from merchant credit card processors are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional and generally collected weekly. Contract assets include contract fulfillment costs related to revenue shares owed to channel partners, which are amortized along with the associated revenue. Contract liabilities include payments received in advance of performance under the contract and are recognized as revenue over time. The Company had no asset impairment charges related to contract assets in the period.

Contract acquisition costs and practical expedients

For contracts that have a duration of less than one year, the Company follows ASC 606 practical expedients and expenses these costs when incurred; for contracts with life exceeding one year, which did not apply during the current period, the Company records these costs in proportion to completion of each completed performance obligation. The Company generally expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been less than one year. The Company records these costs within general and administrative expenses.

Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are recorded at cost. Major improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Gains and losses from disposition of property and equipment are included in income and expense when realized. Depreciation and amortization are provided using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:

Intangible Assets

The intangible assets consist of the cost of a purchased website domain name with an indefinite useful life.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The long-lived assets, consisting of fixed assets and intangible assets, held and used by the Company are reviewed for impairment no less frequently than annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In the event that facts and circumstances indicate that the cost of any long-lived assets may be impaired, an evaluation of recoverability is performed. Management has determined that there was no impairment in the value of long-lived assets during the period ended September 30, 2017.

Website Development Costs

In accordance with authoritative guidance, the Company begins to capitalize website and software development costs for internal use when planning and design efforts are successfully completed and development is ready to commence. Costs incurred during planning and design, together with costs incurred for training and maintenance, are expensed as incurred and recorded in research and development expense within the consolidated statement of operations. The Company places capitalized website and software development assets into service and commences depreciation/amortization when the applicable project or asset is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Once placed into service, the Company capitalizes qualifying costs of specified upgrades or enhancements to capitalized website and software development assets when the upgrade or enhancement will result in new or additional functionality. Certain website and software development assets are placed into service and amortized and the Company continues to capitalize costs associated with other website and software development assets that are still in the development stage.

The Company capitalizes internal labor costs, including compensation, benefits and payroll taxes, incurred for certain capitalized website and software development projects related to the Company’s technology platform. The Company’s policy with respect to capitalized internal labor stipulates that labor costs for employees working on eligible internal use capital projects are capitalized as part of the historical cost of the project when the impact, as compared to expensing such labor costs, is material.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are charged to operations in the period incurred and amounted to $30,776 and $104,095 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Research and development costs are amounted to $374,944 for the three months ended September 30, 2016.

Fair Value Measurements

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 820“Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, FASB ASC 820 establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:

The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

In accordance with FASB ASC 820, the Company measures its derivative liability at fair value. The Company’s derivative liability is classified within Level 3.

The carrying value of other current assets and liabilities are considered to be representative of their respective fair values because of the short-term nature of those instruments.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Cash

The Company maintains cash at a bank where amounts on deposit may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit throughout the year. The Company has not experienced losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to significant credit risk regarding its cash.

Stock-based Compensation

The Company provides stock-based compensation in the form of (a) restricted stock awards to employees, (b) vested stock grants to directors, (c) stock option grants to employees, directors and independent contractors, and (d) common stock warrants to Channel Partners and other independent contractors.

The Company applies FASB ASC 718, “Stock Compensation,” when recording stock based compensation to employees and directors. The estimated fair value of stock based awards is recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period of the award. The Company has adopted ASU 2016-09 in 2016 with early application and account for actual forfeitures of awards as they occur.

The fair value of restricted stock awards by Subsidiary at Inception was estimated on the date of the award using the exchange value used by Integrated and the Subsidiary to establish the relative voting control ratio in the Recapitalization.

Restricted stock that was subject to an escrow arrangement and/or a performance condition in conjunction with the Recapitalization was remeasured and fair value was estimated using the quoted price of our common stock on the date of the Recapitalization. The Company uses a Monte Carlo simulation model to determine the number of shares expected to be released from the performance condition escrow. Each quarter the Company reevaluates the number of shares expected to be released from the performance condition escrow until the final determination is made as of December 31, 2017.

The fair value of fully vested stock awards is estimated using the quoted price of our common stock on the date of the grant. The fair value of stock option awards is estimated at grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model that requires various highly judgmental assumptions including expected volatility and option life.

The Company accounts for stock issued to non-employees in accordance with provisions of FASB ASC 505-50, “Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees.” FASB ASC 505-50 states that equity instruments that are issued in exchange for the receipt of goods or services should be measured at the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliability measurable. The measurement date occurs as of the earlier of (a) the date at which a performance commitment is reached or (b) absent a performance commitment, the date at which the performance necessary to earn the equity instruments is complete (that is, the vesting date). Equity grants with performance conditions that do not have sufficiently large disincentive for non-performance may be measured at fair value that is not fixed until performance is complete. The fair value of common stock warrants is estimated at grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model that requires various highly judgmental assumptions including expected volatility and option life. The Company recognizes expense for equity based payments to non-employees as the services are received. The Company has specific objective criteria, such as the date of launch of a Channel on the Company’s platform, for determination of the period over which services are received and expense is recognized.

The Company uses a Monte Carlo simulation model to determine the number of shares expected to be earned by Channel Partners based on performance obligations to be satisfied over a defined period which will commence at the launch of a Channel on the Company’s platform.

The Company issues common stock upon exercise of equity awards and warrants.

Income Taxes

The Company recognizes the tax effects of transactions in the year in which such transactions enter into the determination of net income regardless of when reported for tax purposes. Deferred taxes are provided in the financial statements to give effect to the temporary differences which may arise from differences in the bases of fixed assets, depreciation methods and allowances based on the income taxes expected to be payable in future years. Deferred tax assets arising primarily as a result of net operating loss carry-forwards, and research and development credit have been offset completely by a valuation allowance due to the uncertainty of their utilization in future periods.

The Company recognizes interest accrued relative to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expense. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recognized no income tax related interest and penalties. The Company had no accruals for income tax related interest and penalties at September 30, 2017.

Basic and Diluted Loss per Common Share

Basic income or loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period and excludes any dilutive effects of common stock equivalent shares, such as stock options, restricted stock, and warrants. RestrictedAll restricted stock isawards are considered outstanding andbut are included in the computation of basic income or loss per common share only when the underlying restrictions expire, and the shares are no longer forfeitable.forfeitable, and are thus vested. All restricted stock units are included in the computation of basic loss per common share only when the underlying restrictions expire, the shares are no longer forfeitable, and are thus vested. Contingently issuable shares are included in basic loss per common share only when there are no circumstances under which those shares would not be issued. Diluted incomeloss per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and common stock equivalent shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method.

The Company excluded the outstanding securities summarized below (capitalized terms are described herein), which entitle the holders thereof to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock, from its calculation of net loss per common share, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. Common stock equivalent shares are excluded from the computation if their effect is anti-dilutive. Unvested but outstanding restricted stock (which are forfeitable) are included in the diluted income per share calculation. In a period where there iscalculations when a net loss the diluted loss per share is computed using the basic share count. At September 30, 2017, potentially dilutive shares outstanding amounted to 14,737,558,incurred as they would be anti-dilutive.

Schedule of which 13,417,951Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share

The components of certain balance sheet amounts are not currently registered and/or subject to future vesting conditions. Included in these totalsas follows:

Accounts Receivable – Accounts receivable are 6,663,244 common stock equivalents that must be exercised which would result in aggregate proceeds from the salepresented net of stock to the Companyallowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts as of $6,735,000.March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $1,578.

RisksSubscription Acquisition Costs – As of March 31, 2022 and Uncertainties

The Company has a limited operating history and has not generated revenue to date. The Company’s business and operations are sensitive to general business and economic conditions in the U.S. and worldwide. These conditions include short-termDecember 31, 2021, subscription acquisition costs were $32,247 (short-term of $24,940 and long-term interest rates, inflation, fluctuations in debtof $7,307) and equity capital markets$38,397 (short-term of $30,162 and the general conditionlong-term of the U.S. and world economies. A host$8,235), respectively. Subscription acquisition costs as of factors beyond the Company’s control could cause fluctuations in these conditions. Adverse developments in these general business and economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and the resultsMarch 31, 2022 presented as current assets of its operations.

In addition, the Company will compete with many companies that currently have extensive and well-funded projects, marketing and sales operations as well as extensive human capital. The Company may be unable to compete successfully against these companies. The Company’s industry is characterized by rapid changes in technology and market demands. As a result, the Company’s products, services, and/or expertise may become obsolete and/or unmarketable. The Company’s future success will depend on its ability to adapt to technological advances, anticipate customer and market demands, and enhance its current technology under development.

Recently Adopted Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09 (ASC 606) - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”), which provides guidance for revenue recognition. This ASU will supersede the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, and most industry specific guidance. The standard’s core principle is that revenue is recognized when promised goods or services$24,940 are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expectsexpected to be entitled in exchangeamortized over a one year period, or through March 31, 2023 and $7,307 presented as long-term assets are expected to be amortized after the one year period ending March 31, 2023.

Property and Equipment – Property and equipment are summarized as follows:

Schedule of Property and Equipment

Depreciation and amortization expense for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, an entity should apply the following steps:three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $114 and $110, respectively.

Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer

Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract.

Step 3: Determine the transaction price.

Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.

Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

The guidance in ASU 2014-09 also specifies the accounting for some costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer. ASC 606 requires the Company to make significant judgments and estimates. ASC 606 also requires more extensive disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.

Platform Development – Platform development costs are summarized as follows:

The FASB has also issued several additional ASUs which amend ASU 2014-09. The amendments do not changeSummary of Platform Development Costs

A summary of platform development activity for the core principlethree months ended March 31, 2022 is as follows:

Summary of Platform Development Cost Activity

Amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, was $1,344 and $1,069, respectively. Amortization expense for platform development is included in cost of revenues on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, impairment charges of $211 and $0, respectively, have been record for platform development.

Intangible Assets – Intangible assets subject to amortization consisted of the guidancefollowing:

Schedule of Intangible Assets Subjects to Amortization

Amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $5,055 and $4,951, respectively, of which amortization expense for developed technology of $967 and $1,098, respectively, is included in ASC 606.cost of revenues on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, impairment charges of $46 and $0, respectively, have been recorded for the intangible assets.

The Company’s real estate lease for the use of office space was subleased during the year ended December 31, 2021 (as further described below). The Company’s current lease is a long-term operating lease with a remaining fixed payment term of 2.51 years.

PublicThe table below presents supplemental information related to operating leases:

Schedule of Supplemental Information Related to Operating Leases

The Company generally utilizes its incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the commencement of the lease in determining the present value of future payments since the implicit rate for the Company’s leases is not readily determinable.

Variable lease expense includes rental increases that are not fixed, such as those based on amounts paid to the lessor based on cost or consumption, such as maintenance and utilities.

The components of operating lease costs were as follows:

Schedule of Operating Lease Costs

Maturities of the operating lease liability as of March 31, 2022 are summarized as follows:

Summary of Maturity of Lease Liabilities

Sublease Agreement – In November 2021, the Company entered into an agreement to sublease its leased office space for the duration of its operating lease through September 2024. As of March 31, 2022, the Company is entitled to receive sublease income of $582.

Business Membership – Effective October 1, 2021, the Company entered into a business entities are requiredmembership agreement with York Factory LLC, doing business as SaksWorks, that permits access to applycertain office space with furnishings, referred to as SaksWorks Memberships (each membership provides a certain number of accounts that equate to the guidanceuse of ASC 606the space granted). The term of the agreement was for 27 months, with 21 months remaining at $57 per month for 110 accounts.

On December 6, 2021, the Company entered into an amendment to annual reporting periods beginning afterits financing and security agreement for its line of credit with FPP Finance LLC (“FastPay”) that was originally entered into on February 27, 2020, pursuant to which (i) the maximum amount of advances available was increased to $25,000 from $15,000, (ii) the interest rate on the facility applicable margin was decreased to 6.0% per annum from 8.5% per annum (the facility bears interest at the LIBOR rate plus the applicable margin), and (iii) the maturity date was extended to February 28, 2024. The line of credit is for working capital purposes and is secured by a first lien on all the Company’s cash and accounts receivable and a second lien on all other assets. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the balance outstanding under the FastPay line of credit was $9,291 and $11,988, respectively.

On December 15, 2017 (20182020, the Company entered into an amendment for certain restricted stock awards and units that were previously issued to certain employees in connection with a previous merger (the “HubPages merger”). Pursuant to the amendment, the Company committed to repurchase 48,389 vested restricted stock awards as of December 31, 2020 at a price of $88.00 per share in 24 equal monthly installments on the second business day of each calendar year end reporting companies), including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted.month beginning January 4, 2021, subject to certain conditions.

The following table presents the components of the restricted stock liabilities:

Schedule of Components of Restricted Stock Liabilities

The Company has adopted ASC 606 inrecorded the current quarterrepurchase of 8,064 and 6,049 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2022 and began recognition2021, respectively, on the condensed consolidated statements of revenue from contracts with customersstockholders’ deficiency. On April 4, 2022, the Company paid $1,597 for the remaining 18,134 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock that were outstanding as of March 31, 2022 that were subject to repurchase.

Liquidated damages were recorded as a result of the launch of its network operations. Sincefollowing: (i) certain registration rights agreements provide for damages if the Company haddoes not previously generated revenue from customersregister certain shares of the Company’s common stock within the requisite time frame (the “Registration Rights Damages”); and (ii) certain securities purchase agreements provide for damages if the Company diddoes not have to transitionmaintain its accounting method from ASC 605, “Revenue Recognition”periodic filings with the SEC within the requisite time frame (the “Public Information Failure Damages”).

In November 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-17 (ASU 2015-17), Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. ASU 2015-17 requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. ASU 2015-17 is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. The adoption of ASU 2015-17 did not have any impact on Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures.

Recent Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which supersedes all existing guidance on accounting for leases in ASC Topic 840.  ASU 2016-02 is intended to provide enhanced transparency and comparability by requiring lessees to record right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities on the balance sheet.  ASU 2016-02 will continue to classify leases as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the statement of income.  ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  Early adoption is permitted.  ASU 2016-02 is required to be applied with a modified retrospective approach to each prior reporting period presented with various optional practical expedients. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of adopting ASU 2016-02 on its financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.  ASU 2016-15 refines how companies classify certain aspects of the cash flow statement in regards to debt prepayment, settlement of debt instruments, contingent consideration payments, proceeds from insurance claims and life insurance policies, distribution from equity method investees, beneficial interests in securitization transactions and separately identifiable cash flows.  ASU 2016-15 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  No early adoption is permitted.  Management is currently assessing the potential impact of adopting ASU 2016-15 on the financial statements and related disclosures.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. This ASU provides clarity and reduces both (1) diversity in practice and (2) cost and complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718 to a change in terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. The amendments in this ASU are effective for public entities for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The ASU should be applied prospectively on and after the effective date. The Company is evaluating the impact of this ASU.

5.  Fixed AssetsObligations with respect to the liquidated damages payable are summarized as follows:

Summary of Liquidated Damages

At September 30, 2017 andThe Company will continue to accrue interest on the liquidated damages balance at 1.0% per month based on the balance outstanding as of March 31, 2022, or $5,369, until paid. There is no scheduled date when the unpaid liquidated damages become due.

As of December 31, 2016, fixed assets, net consisted2021, the short-term and long-term liquidated damages payable were $5,197 and $7,008, respectively. The long-term portion was converted into shares of the following:Company’s common stock on January 24, 2022, as further described below.

In June 2017,On January 24, 2022, the Company launched certain elementsentered into several stock purchase agreements with several investors the Company was liable to for liquidated damages, pursuant to which the Company issued an aggregate of its website and began amortization of capitalized website development costs, and accordingly, $173,000 and $226,000 of amortization expense was recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. In the nine months ended September 30, 2017, depreciation expense of approximately $8,000 was recorded.

6.  Investments in Available-for-Sale Securities

The Company maintained an investment portfolio consisting of available-for-sale-securities during the period ended December 31, 2016, which it had acquired through the Recapitalization. All available-for-sale-securities either matured or were liquidated prior to December 31, 2016.

7.  Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

The Company’s Certificate of Incorporation authorized 1,000,000 505,671 shares of undesignated, serial preferred stock. Preferred stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The Board of Directors is authorized to determine the rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions granted to and imposed upon any wholly unissued series of preferred stock and designation of any such series without any further vote or action by the Company’s stockholders.

As of September 30, 2017, the Company’s only outstanding series of convertible preferred stock is the Series G Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series G”).

The Series G stock has a stated value of $1,000 per share, and is convertible intoits common stock at a conversion price equal to 85% of the lowest sale price of the common stock on its listed market over the five trading days preceding the date of conversion (“Beneficial Conversion Feature”), subject to a maximum conversion price. The number of shares of common stock that may be converted is determined by dividing the stated value of the number of shares of Series G to be converted by the conversion price. The Company may elect to pay the Series G holder in cash at the current market price multiplied by the number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, no shares of Series G were converted into shares of common stock.  At September 30, 2017, the outstanding Series G shares were convertible into a minimum of 172,374 shares of common stock.

Upon a change in control, sale or similar transaction, as defined in the Certificate of Designation for the Series G, each holder of the Series G has the option to deem such transaction as a liquidation and may redeem his or her shares at the liquidation value of $1,000, $13.86 per share for an aggregate amount of $168,496.  The sale of all the assets on June 28, 2007 triggered the preferred stockholders’ redemption option.  As such redemption is not in the control of the Company, the Series G stock has been accounted for as if it was redeemable preferred stock and is classified(determined based on the balance sheet between liabilities and stockholders’ equity.

The conversion feature of the preferred stock is considered a derivative according to ASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging”, therefore, the fair value of the derivative is reflected in the financial statements as a liability, which was determined to be $130,238 and $137,177 as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively and has been included as “conversion feature liability” on the accompanying balance sheets.

The fair value of the conversion feature liability is calculated under a Black-Scholes Model, using the marketvolume-weighted average price of the Company’s common stock at the close of trading on eachthe sixty (60) previous trading days), to the investors in lieu of an aggregate of $7,008 owed in liquidated damages. The Company agreed that it would prepare and file as soon as reasonably practicable, a registration statement covering the balance sheet dates presented, the expected dividend yield, the expected liferesale of the redemption and the expected volatilitythese shares of the Company’s common stock.

stock issued in lieu of payment of these liquidated damages in cash. The Company’s assessmentCompany recorded $6,685 in connection with the issuance of shares of the significanceCompany’s common stock and recognized a gain of a particular input to$323 on the settlement of the liquidated damages, which was recorded within additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated statement of stockholders’ deficiency.

The Company estimates the fair value measurement requiresof financial instruments using available market information and valuation methodologies the Company believes to be appropriate for these purposes. Considerable judgment and considering factors specifica high degree of subjectivity are involved in developing these estimates and, accordingly, they are not necessarily indicative of amounts the Company would realize upon disposition.

The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value, which are described below:

The Company accounted for certain warrants (as described under the heading Common Stock Warrants in Note 10) as derivative liabilities, which required the Company to carry such amounts on its condensed consolidated balance sheets as a liability at fair value, as adjusted at each reporting period-end. As of December 31, 2021, the Strome Warrants and B. Riley Warrants (as described in Note 10) were classified within equity.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the change in valuation of warrant derivative liabilities of $665 was recognized as other expense on the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Senior Secured Note

As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company’s outstanding obligation under its senior secured note with BRF Finance Co., LLC, an affiliated entity of B. Riley Financial, Inc. (“B. Riley”), in its capacity as agent for the purchasers and as purchaser, is summarized as follows: