UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarter Ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period From _______to ________

Commission File Number:001-38106

PLYMOUTH INDUSTRIAL REIT, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland		27-5466153
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

260 Franklin Street, Suite 700, Boston, MA 02110		(617) 340-3814
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Registrant’s telephone number)

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES ☐☑ NO ☑☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). YES ☐☑ NO ☑☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer☐ Accelerated filer☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐☑ Smaller reporting company☑ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). YES ☐ NO ☑

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	PLYM	NYSE American
7.50% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share	PLYM-PrA	NYSE American

As of ~~November 9, 2018~~August 5, 2019, the Registrant had outstanding ~~4,821,876~~8,754,782 shares of common stock.

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

INDEX TO QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	PAGE

ITEM 1.	Financial Statements

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017~~2018	1

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and ~~Nine~~Six Months Ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018	2

	Condensed Consolidated ~~Statement~~Statements of Changes in Preferred Stock and Equity (Deficit) for the ~~Nine~~Three and Six Months Ended ~~September~~June 30, 2019 and 2018	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the ~~Nine~~Six Months Ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018	4

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5

ITEM 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	1618

ITEM 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	2628

ITEM 4.	Controls and Procedures	2728

PART II	OTHER INFORMATION	2829

SIGNATURES		3031

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

PLYMOUTH INDUSTRIAL REIT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	September 30,			December 31,			June 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017			2019			2018
	(Unaudited)						(Unaudited)
Assets
Real estate properties	$	347,065		$	303,402		$	474,734		$	452,610
Less accumulated depreciation		(36,830	)		(25,013	)		(51,676	)		(41,279	)
Real estate properties, net		310,235			278,389			423,058			411,331

Cash		5,966			12,915			13,044			5,394
Cash held in escrow		3,875			5,074			8,775			7,808
Restricted cash		1,716			1,174			2,375			1,759
Deferred lease intangibles, net		25,057			27,619			34,931			37,940
Other assets		6,409			4,782			10,525			5,931
Total assets	$	353,258		$	329,953		$	492,708		$	470,163

Liabilities, Series A preferred stock and equity (deficit)
Liabilities, preferred stock and equity (deficit)
Liabilities:
Secured debt, net	$	245,627		$	195,431		$	287,990		$	288,993
Mezzanine debt, net		—			29,364
Borrowings under line of credit, net		35,133			20,837			—			28,187
Deferred interest		—			1,357
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		17,101			16,015			26,577			21,996
Deferred lease intangibles, net		6,439			6,807			6,393			7,067
Total liabilities		304,300			269,811			320,960			346,243
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)

Preferred stock, Series A; $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 2,040,000 shares issued and outstanding (aggregate liquidation preference of $51,000)		48,868			48,931
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized,
Series A; 2,040,000 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (aggregate liquidation preference of $51,000 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018)								48,868			48,868
Series B; 4,411,764 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, (aggregate liquidation preference of $97,183 and $96,689 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively)								75,993			72,192

Equity (deficit):
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 900,000,000 shares authorized; 4,821,876 and 3,819,201 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively		49			39
Equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 900,000,000 shares authorized; 8,754,782 and 4,821,876 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively								88			49
Additional paid in capital		129,392			123,270			177,557			126,327
Accumulated deficit		(134,283	)		(119,213	)		(143,406	)		(137,983	)
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)		(4,842	)		4,096			34,239			(11,607	)
Non-controlling interest		4,932			7,115			12,648			14,467
Total equity (deficit)		90			11,211
Total liabilities, Series A preferred stock and equity(deficit)	$	353,258		$	329,953
Total equity								46,887			2,860
Total liabilities, preferred stock and equity							$	492,708		$	470,163

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

PLYMOUTH INDUSTRIAL REIT, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

UNAUDITED

(inIn thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Nine Months Ended						For the Three Months						For the Six Months
	September 30,						September 30,						Ended June 30,						Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2019			2018			2019			2018

Rental revenue	$	8,742		$	4,698		$	26,245		$	11,994		$	17,022		$	11,976		$	33,684		$	23,406
Tenant recoveries		2,906			1,744			8,809			4,413
Other revenue		5			224			526			226			—			71			—			521
Total revenues		11,653			6,666			35,580			16,633			17,022			12,047			33,684			23,927

Operating expenses:
Property		4,349			2,159			12,589			5,084			6,034			3,787			12,296			8,240
Depreciation and amortization		6,249			3,499			19,235			9,056			8,476			6,444			16,908			12,986
General and administrative		1,394			1,224			4,299			3,159			1,691			1,533			3,337			2,953
Acquisition costs		—			4			—			86
Total operating expenses		11,992			6,886			36,123			17,385			16,201			11,764			32,541			24,179

Operating loss		(339	)		(220	)		(543	)		(752	)

Other expense:
Interest expense		(3,575	)		(2,619	)		(11,777	)		(8,362	)		(3,576	)		(4,216	)		(7,418	)		(8,202	)
Loss on debt extinguishment		(804	)		—			(4,405	)		—
Loss on extinguishment of debt														—			(3,601	)		—			(3,601	)
Change in fair value of warrant derivative														(102	)		—			(181	)		48
Total other expense		(4,379	)		(2,619	)		(16,182	)		(8,362	)		(3,678	)		(7,817	)		(7,599	)		(11,755	)

Net loss		(4,718	)		(2,839	)		(16,725	)		(9,114	)		(2,857	)		(7,534	)		(6,456	)		(12,007	)
Less: loss attributable to non-controlling interest		(417	)		(157	)		(1,709	)		(4,831	)		(380	)		(829	)		(1,033	)		(1,292	)
Net loss attributable to Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.		(4,301	)		(2,682	)		(15,016	)		(4,283	)		(2,477	)		(6,705	)		(5,423	)		(10,715	)
Less: Series A preferred stock dividends		956			—			2,868			—
Less: Preferred stock dividends														1,566			956			3,132			1,912
Less: Series B preferred stock accretion to redemption value														1,901			—			3,801			—
Less: amount allocated to participating securities		48			—			155			—			58			46			115			107
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(5,305	)	$	(2,682	)	$	(18,039	)	$	(4,283	)	$	(6,002	)	$	(7,707	)	$	(12,471	)	$	(12,734	)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders	$	(1.22	)	$	(0.74	)	$	(4.74	)	$	(2.61	)	$	(0.88	)	$	(2.27	)	$	(2.15	)	$	(3.61	)

Weighted-average common shares outstanding basic and diluted		4,350,687			3,636,023			3,801,900			1,642,394			6,835,878			3,400,012			5,787,600			3,522,959

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

PLYMOUTH INDUSTRIAL REIT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED ~~STATEMENT~~STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN PREFERRED STOCK AND EQUITY (DEFICIT)

UNAUDITED

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Preferred Stock
Series A $0.01 Par Value Common Stock,
$0.01 Par Value Additional
Paid in Accumulated Stockholders’
Equity Non-controlling Total
Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Deficit (Deficit) Interest (Deficit)

Balance January 1, 2018 2,040,000 $ 48,931 3,819,201 $ 39 $ 123,270 $ (119,213 ) $ 4,096 $ 7,115 $ 11,211
Series A Preferred stock offering costs (63 ) — — — — — — —
Net proceeds from common stock 1,262,833 13 17,860 — 17,873 — 17,873
Stock based compensation 602 — 602 — 602
Repurchase and retirement of common stock (263,158 ) (3 ) (4,997 ) (54 ) (5,054 ) — (5,054 )
Restricted shares issued 3,000 — — — — — —
Dividends and distributions (7,343 ) — (7,343 ) (474 ) (7,817 )
Net loss — — — (15,016 ) (15,016 ) (1,709 ) (16,725 )
Balance, September 30, 2018 2,040,000 $ 48,868 4,821,876 $ 49 $ 129,392 $ (134,283 ) $ (4,842 ) $ 4,932 $ 90

	Preferred Stock Series A $0.01 Par Value					Preferred Stock Series B $0.01 Par Value				Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value					Additional Paid in			Accumulated			Stockholders’ Equity			Non- controlling			Total Equity
	Shares		Amount			Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount			Capital			Deficit			(Deficit)			Interest			(Deficit)
Balance January 1, 2019		2,040,000	$	48,868			4,411,764	$	72,192	4,821,876		$	49		$	126,327		$	(137,983	)	$	(11,607	)	$	14,467		$	2,860
Series B Preferred stock accretion to redemption value		—		—			—		1,900	—			—			(1,900	)		—			(1,900	)		—			(1,900	)
Net proceeds from common stock		—		—			—		—	278,302			2			4,513			—			4,515			—			4,515
Stock based compensation		—		—			—		—	—			—			288			—			288			—			288
Restricted shares issued		—		—			—		—	29,192			—			—			—			—			—			—
Dividends and distributions		—		—			—		—	—			—			(3,489	)		—			(3,489	)		(393	)		(3,882	)
Net loss		—		—			—		—	—			—			—			(2,946	)		(2,946	)		(653	)		(3,599	)
Balance, March 31, 2019		2,040,000	$	48,868			4,411,764	$	74,092	5,129,370		$	51		$	125,739		$	(140,929	)	$	(15,139	)	$	13,421		$	(1,718	)
Series B Preferred stock accretion to redemption value		—		—			—		1,901	—			—			(1,901	)		—			(1,901	)		—			(1,901	)
Net proceeds from common stock		—		—			—		—	3,572,017			36			58,237			—			58,273			—			58,273
Stock based compensation		—		—			—		—	—			—			305			—			305			—			305
Restricted shares issued		—		—			—		—	53,395			1			—			—			1			—			1
Dividends and distributions		—		—			—		—	—			—			(4,823	)		—			(4,823	)		(393	)		(5,216	)
Net loss		—		—			—		—	—			—			—			(2,477	)		(2,477	)		(380	)		(2,857	)
Balance, June 30, 2019		2,040,000	$	48,868			4,411,764	$	75,993	8,754,782		$	88		$	177,557		$	(143,406	)	$	34,239		$	12,648		$	46,887

Balance January 1, 2018		2,040,000	$	48,931			—	$	—	3,819,201		$	39		$	123,270		$	(119,213	)	$	4,096		$	7,115		$	11,211
Series A Preferred stock offering costs		—		(53	)		—		—	—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Stock based compensation		—		—			—		—	—			—			200			—			200			—			200
Dividends and distributions		—		—			—		—	—			—			(2,290	)		—			(2,290	)		(158	)		(2,448	)
Repurchase and retirement of common stock		—		—			—		—	(263,158	)		(3	)		(4,997	)		(54	)		(5,054	)		—			(5,054	)
Net loss		—		—			—		—	—			—			—			(4,010	)		(4,010	)		(463	)		(4,473	)
Balance March 31, 2018		2,040,000	$	48,878			—	$	—	3,556,043		$	36		$	116,183		$	(123,277	)	$	(7,058	)	$	6,494		$	(564	)
Series A Preferred stock offering costs		—		(10	)		—		—	—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Common stock offering costs		—		—			—		—	—			—			(8	)		—			(8	)		—			(8	)
Stock based compensation		—		—			—		—	—			—			200			—			200			—			200
Dividends and distributions		—		—			—		—	—			—			(2,290	)		—			(2,290	)		(158	)		(2,448	)
Net loss		—		—			—		—	—			—			—			(6,705	)		(6,705	)		(829	)		(7,534	)
Balance, June 30, 2018		2,040,000	$	48,868			—	$	—	3,556,043		$	36		$	114,085		$	(129,982	)	$	(15,861	)	$	5,507		$	(10,354	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

PLYMOUTH INDUSTRIAL REIT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

UNAUDITED

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,						For the Six months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2019			2018
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(16,725	)	$	(9,114	)	$	(6,456	)	$	(12,007	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		19,235			9,056			16,908			12,986
Straight line rent adjustment		(925	)		(108	)		(481	)		(818	)
Intangible amortization in rental revenue, net		(964	)		(256	)		(685	)		(717	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		4,405			—			—			3,601
Accretion of interest and deferred interest		1,834			1,240
Amortization of debt issuance costs								508			1,660
Change in fair value of warrant derivative		(48	)		32			181			(48	)
Stock based compensation		602			243			593			400
Gain on sale of investment in joint venture		—			(224	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Other assets		(702	)		(225	)		(3,856	)		(1,830	)
Deferred leasing costs		(697	)		(69	)		(995	)		(571	)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		(270	)		(270	)		1,304			169
Net cash provided by operating activities		5,745			305			7,021			2,825
Investing activities
Acquisition of properties		(44,159	)		(49,801	)		(22,686	)		(16,896	)
Real estate improvements		(2,488	)		(681	)		(1,802	)		(1,668	)
Proceeds from sale of investment in joint ventures		—			224
Net cash used in investing activities		(46,647	)		(50,258	)		(24,488	)		(18,564	)
Financing activities
Redemption of non-controlling interest		—			(25,582	)
Net proceeds from common stock		17,873			53,117			62,788			(8	)
Additional offering costs of preferred stock		(63	)		—			—			(63	)
Proceeds from issuance of secured debt		135,200			—			63,115			57,200
Repayment of secured debt		(84,330	)		—			(63,304	)		—
Repayment of mezzanine debt		(34,682	)		—			—			(34,698	)
Proceeds from credit facility		45,225			23,825			6,697			18,825
Repayment of credit facility		(31,000	)		—			(35,250	)		(21,000	)
Debt issuance costs		(2,667	)		(553	)		(1,208	)		(1,602	)
Repurchase of common stock		(5,054	)		—			—			(5,054	)
Dividends paid		(7,206	)		(237	)		(6,138	)		(4,896	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		33,296			50,570			26,700			8,704
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(7,606	)		617
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		19,163			10,201
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	11,557		$	10,818
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash held in escrow and restricted cash								9,233			(7,035	)
Cash and cash held in escrow and restricted cash at beginning of period								14,961			19,163
Cash and cash held in escrow and restricted cash at end of period							$	24,194		$	12,128
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures:
Interest paid	$	9,943		$	7,122		$	7,003		$	6,542
Supplemental Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:
Non cash capital contribution by investor related to adjustment of Redemption Price of redeemable preferred interest	$	—		$	1,019
Offering costs included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	—		$	558
Shares issued in Private Placement for Redemption of Redeemable Preferred Interest	$	—		$	5,000
Redemption of non-controlling interest related to preferred interest	$	—		$	56,795
Warrants issued	$	—		$	140
Dividends declared included in dividends payable	$	2,764		$	1,430		$	4,847		$	2,290
Distribution payable to non-controlling interest holder	$	158		$	88		$	393		$	158
Issuance of partnership units in exchange for acquisition of property	$	—		$	8,007
Series B accretion to redemption value							$	3,801		$	—
Fixed asset acquisitions included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	124		$	630		$	316		$	350
Deferred leasing costs included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	455		$	—		$	59		$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

1. Nature of the Business and Basis of Presentation

Business

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc., (the “Company”, “we” or the “REIT”) is a Maryland corporation formed on March 7, 2011. The Company is structured as an umbrella partnership REIT, commonly called an UPREIT, and owns substantially all of its assets and conducts substantially all of its business through its operating partnership, Plymouth Industrial Operating Partnership, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”). The Company, as general partner of the Operating Partnership, controls the Operating Partnership and consolidates the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of the Operating Partnership. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, the Company owned ~~a 92.0%~~an 89.3% and ~~90.5%~~82.2%, respectively, ~~common~~ equity interest in the Operating Partnership.

The Company is a full service, vertically integrated, self-administered and self-managed organization. The Company focuses on the acquisition, ownership and management of single and multi-tenant Class B industrial properties, including distribution centers, warehouses and light industrial properties, primarily located in secondary and select primary markets across the U.S. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company, through its subsidiaries, owns 5257 industrial properties comprising approximately ~~9.9~~12.5 million square feet.

The Company completed its initial listed public offering (IPO) of common stock (Offering) on June 14, 2017, which resulted in the issuance of 3,060,000 shares of common stock, including 160,000 shares of common stock issued to cover the underwriters’ over-allotment. The Company utilized a portion of the proceeds from the Offering to redeem $20,000 of the $25,000 non-controlling interest held by an affiliate of Torchlight Investors, LLC (“Torchlight”). The Company issued 263,158 shares at $19.00 per share in a private placement to an affiliate of Torchlight, which occurred contemporaneously with the Offering, for the redemption of the remaining $5,000 portion of the non-controlling interest. On March 29, 2018, the Company repurchased and retired the 263,158 shares of common stock owned by an affiliate of Torchlight in a privately negotiated transaction at a purchase price of $19.00 per share, or $5,000 in the aggregate.

~~Equity Offering~~

On July 23, 2018, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of 1,262,833 shares of common stock, including 160,369 shares of common stock issued upon exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $17,873. The Company contributed the net proceeds of this offering to the Operating Partnership in exchange for 1,262,833 OP Units, and the Operating Partnership used the net proceeds of the public offering to acquire additional industrial properties, working capital purposes and other general purposes.

~~ATM Program~~

On July 30, 2018, the Company and Operating Partnership filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) registering an aggregate of $500,000 of securities, consisting of an indeterminate amount of common stock, preferred stock, depository shares, warrants, rights to purchase our common stock and debt securities.

On August 24, 2018, the Company entered into a distribution agreement with D.A. Davidson & Co., KeyBanc Capital Markets and National Securities Corporation (the “Agents”), pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell, from time to time, shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $50,000 through an “at-the-market equity offering programs (the “ATM program”).

~~As of September 30, 2018, the Company has not sold any securities under the ATM Program.~~

~~Liquidity and Going Concern~~

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis which assumes that the Company will continue as a going concern and which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business.

The Company believes the cash on hand at September 30, 2018, available borrowings under its line of credit and cash expected to be provided by future operating activities will provide sufficient liquidity for it to operate through at least twelve months from the filing of this Form 10-Q.

~~Risks and Uncertainties~~

The state of the overall economy can significantly impact the Company’s operational performance and thus impact its financial position. Should the Company experience a significant decline in operational performance, it may affect the Company’s ability to make distributions to its stockholders, service debt, or meet other financial obligations.

~~Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~Unaudited~~

~~(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)~~

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accounting policies underlying the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are those set forth in the Company's audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016.~~2017. Additional information regarding the Company’s significant accounting policies related to the accompanying interim financial statements is as follows:

Basis of Presentation

The Company’s interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership and ~~those of its wholly-owned subsidiaries and controlling interests.~~their subsidiaries. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements include adjustments of a normal and recurring nature considered necessary by management to fairly present the Company's financial position and results of operations. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements may not be indicative of financial results for the full year. It is suggested that these interim condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the years ended December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017~~2018 as filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission on March ~~8, 2018.~~7, 2019.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management makes significant estimates regarding the allocation of tangible and intangible assets or business acquisitions, impairments of long-lived assets, stock-based compensation and its common stock warrant liability. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment. Management adjusts such estimates when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

Reclassifications

Tenant recoveries totaling $2,957 and $5,903 on the Company’s condensed consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, were reclassified into rental revenue due to the adoption of ASU 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”). The change in the fair market value of our common stock warrants totaling $0 and $48 for the three and six months ending June 30, 2018, respectively, were reclassified to Other expense - Change in fair value of warrant derivative from Operating expenses - General and administrative on the Company’s condensed consolidated Statements of Operations.

Risks and Uncertainties

Segments

The Company has one reportable segment–industrial properties. These properties have similar economic characteristics and also meet the other criteria that permit the properties to be aggregated into one reportable segment.

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Revenue Recognition and Tenant Receivables and Rental Revenue Components

Minimum rental ~~income~~revenue from real estate operations is recognized on a straight-line basis. The straight-line rent calculation on leases includes the effects of rent concessions and scheduled rent increases, and the calculated straight-line rent income is recognized over the lives of the individual leases. The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts receivable and straight-line rents receivable, based upon estimates determined by management. Management specifically analyzes aged receivables, tenant credit-worthiness and current economic trends when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018 the Company did not recognize an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company ~~did not have any bad debt expense or~~incurred write-offs of $26 and $0 during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2019 and 2018, ~~and 2017.~~respectively. The Company includes accounts receivable and straight line rent receivables within other assets in the balance sheet.

For the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2019 and 2018, ~~and 2017,~~ rental ~~income~~revenue was derived from various tenants. As such, future receipts are dependent upon the financial strength of the lessees and their ability to perform under the lease agreements.

Rental revenue ~~and tenant recoveries~~ is comprised of the following:

Period Ended Period Ended
September 30, September 30,
2018 2017
Income from lease $ 24,356 11,630
Straight-line rent adjustment 925 108
Reimbursable expenses 8,809 4,413
Amortization of above market leases (402 ) (163 )
Amortization of below market leases 1,366 419
Total $ 35,054 $ 16,407

~~Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~Unaudited~~

~~(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)~~

~~2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)~~

	Period Ended			Period Ended
	June 30,			June 30,
	2019			2018
Income from lease	$	24,469		$	15,968
Straight-line rent adjustment		481			818
Tenant recoveries		8,049			5,903
Amortization of above market leases		(319	)		(270	)
Amortization of below market leases		1,004			987
Total	$	33,684		$	23,406

Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. The Company maintains cash and restricted cash, which includes tenant security deposits and cash collateral for its borrowings discussed in Note 5, cash held in escrow for real estate tax, insurance and tenant capital ~~improvement~~improvements and leasing commissions, in bank deposit accounts, which at times may exceed federally insured limits. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company has not realized any losses in such cash accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant risk of loss.

The following table presents a reconciliation of cash, cash ~~equivalents~~held in escrow and restricted cash reported within our condensed consolidated balance sheet to amounts reported within our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows:

	September 30,		December 31,		June 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017		2019		2018
Cash and cash equivalents as presented on balance sheet	$	5,966	$	12,915
Cash as presented on balance sheet					$	13,044	$	5,394
Cash held in escrow as presented on balance sheet		3,875		5,074		8,775		7,808
Restricted cash as presented on balance sheet		1,716		1,174		2,375		1,759
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as presented on cash flow statement	$	11,557	$	19,163
Cash and cash held in escrow and restricted cash as presented on cash flow statement					$	24,194	$	14,961

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company applies various valuation approaches in determining the fair value of its financial assets and liabilities within a hierarchy that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the source of inputs as follows:

Level 1— Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2— Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3— Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable.

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

The availability of observable inputs can vary among the various types of financial assets and liabilities. To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for financial statement disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the overall fair value measurement. Level 2 inputs such as interest rates and credit spreads, are applied in determining the fair value of the interest rate cap in the amount of $0 at ~~September~~June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Level 3 inputs are applied in determining the fair value of warrants to purchase common stock in the amount of $293 and $112 ~~and $160~~ at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively, as discussed in Note 6.

Financial instruments include cash, restricted cash, cash held in escrow and reserves, accounts receivable, senior secured debt, line of credit, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities. The values of these financial instruments approximate their fair value due to their relatively short maturities and prevailing interest rates.

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt issuance costs are reflected as a reduction to the respective loan amounts in the form of a debt discount. Amortization of this expense is included in interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Debt issuance costs amounted to ~~$7,120~~$7,441 and ~~$6,475~~$6,232 at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively, and related accumulated amortization amounted to ~~$1,660~~$2,254 and ~~$982~~$1,754 at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively. Unamortized debt issuance costs amounted to ~~$5,460~~$5,187 and ~~$5,493~~$4,478 at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively.

~~Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.~~ At June 30, 2019, the balance under the line of credit is $0. The Company reclassed net unamortized debt issuance costs of $257 related to the Line of Credit Agreement from Borrowings under line of credit, net to Other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~Unaudited~~

~~(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)~~

~~2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)~~

Stock Based Compensation

The Company grants stock based compensation awards to our employees and directors typically in the form of restricted shares of common stock. ~~The Company accounts for its stock-based employee compensation in accordance with ASU 2016-09, Compensation~~~~— Stock Compensation Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting~~. The Company measures stock-based compensation expense based on the fair value of the awards on the grant date and recognizes the expense ratably over the vesting period. Forfeitures of unvested shares are recognized in the period the forfeiture occurs.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss includes net loss as well as other changes in equity (deficit) that result from transactions and economic events other than those with members. There was no difference between net loss and comprehensive loss for the periods ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017.~~2018.

Derivative Instrument

The Company uses an interest rate cap as a derivative instrument to manage interest rate risk and is recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. The interest rate cap is not designated as a hedging instrument and changes in fair value ~~is mark~~are marked to market through earnings. The input values used in the fair value measurement of the interest rate cap were obtained using quoted market prices for similar assets in markets that are not active and therefore are classified as Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the interest rate cap is estimated based on ~~discounting future cash flows~~using interest rates that management believes reflect the risks associated with debt instruments of similar risk and duration.

Earnings per Share

The Company follows the two-class method when computing net loss per share of common stock as the Company has issued shares that meet the definition of participating securities. The two-class method determines net loss per share for each class of common and participating securities according to dividends declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The two-class method requires income available to common stockholders for the period to be allocated between common and participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive dividends as if all income for the period had been distributed. Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share since the Company does not have any common stock equivalents such as stock options. The warrants are not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share as they are anti-dilutive for the periods presented.

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the ~~FASB~~Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02 ~~Leases (“ASU 2016-02”), as amended by ASU 2018-10,~~and various subsequent ASU’s, which ~~requires~~require a lessee to recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for operating leases and changes many key definitions, including the definition of a lease. The update includes a short-term lease exception for leases with a term of 12 months or less, in which a lessee can make an accounting policy election not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. Lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. The modified retrospective approach includes a number of optional practical expedients that entities may elect to apply as well as transition guidance specific to nonstandard leasing transactions. The new standard also requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases.

We adopted ASU 2016-02 is effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition approach and elected the package of practical expedients, both provided for ~~fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018,~~under ASU 2018-11,Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements. The package of practical expedients allows us not to reassess whether contracts are or contain leases, lease classification, and ~~interim periods within those fiscal years.~~whether initial direct costs qualify for capitalization. The Company also elected the practical expedient to not separate non-lease components from lease components of our real estate leases.

For arrangements where the Company is ~~currently evaluating~~ the ~~impact~~lessee, the adoption of ASU 2016-02 ~~will have~~resulted in a material impact on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2019, upon the recognition of the right-of-use asset and the related lease liabilities. The Company recorded an initial right of use asset and lease liability of approximately $2,096 on the ~~Company’s financial position or results~~condensed consolidated balance sheet upon adoption of ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated statements of operations ~~and plans~~as we elected to adopt ~~this~~the standard effective January 1, ~~2019.~~2019 using the modified retrospective transition approach, with no restatement of prior periods presented. The Company includes the right of use asset within other assets and the corresponding lease liability within accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

~~At September 30, 2018,~~For arrangements where the Company ~~has one office space~~is the lessor, the Company concluded the new lease ~~that will require us to measure and record~~standard does not have a ~~right-of-use asset and a lease liability upon adoption of~~material impact on the ~~standard. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of this pronouncement on our~~ condensed ~~consolidated financial statements.~~

In September 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2018-07”). The new standard simplifies the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees by aligning it with the accounting for share-based payments to employees, with certain exceptions. The new standard will be effective beginning January 1, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2018-07 will have on its results of operations.

~~Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~Unaudited~~

~~(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)~~

~~2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)~~

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, Derivatives and Hedging (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception (“ASU 2017-11”). This guidance is intended to reduce the complexity associated with accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. Specifically, a down round feature would no longer cause a freestanding equity-linked financial instrument (or an embedded conversion option) to be considered “not indexed to an entity’s own stock” and therefore accounted for as a derivative liability at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in current earnings. Down round features are most often found in warrants and conversion options embedded in debt or preferred equity instruments. In addition, the guidance re-characterized the indefinite deferral of certain provisions on distinguishing liabilities from equity to a scope exception with no accounting effect. This guidance becomes effective January 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2017-11 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

3. Real Estate Properties

Real estate properties consisted of the following at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017:~~2018:

	September 30,			December 31,			June 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017			2019			2018
Land and improvements	$	66,563		$	59,797
Buildings		255,749			221,175
Land							$	96,139		$	92,628
Buildings, building improvements and tenant improvements								343,715			325,933
Site improvements		24,362			21,489			34,317			33,270
Construction in process		391			941			563			779
		347,065			303,402			474,734			452,610
Less accumulated depreciation		(36,830	)		(25,013	)		(51,676	)		(41,279	)
Real estate properties	$	310,235		$	278,389		$	423,058		$	411,331

Depreciation expense was ~~$11,817~~$10,397 and ~~$6,067~~$7,796 for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively.

4. Acquisition of Properties

The Company made the following acquisitions of ~~properties~~property during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018:~~2019:

On ~~April 9, 2018,~~January 4, 2019, the Company acquired a ~~two-property portfolio of~~single Class B industrial ~~properties,~~property, consisting of approximately ~~270,000~~73,785 square feet, located in Chicago, Illinois for an aggregate purchase price of approximately ~~$15,675. The buildings are 100% leased as of September 30, 2018.~~$5,425.

On ~~September 27, 2018,~~June 10, 2019, the Company acquired ana single Class B industrial property, consisting of approximately ~~400,000~~485,000 square feet, located in ~~Cleveland, Ohio~~Indianapolis, Indiana for an aggregate purchase price of approximately ~~$27,000. The property is 100% leased as of September 30, 2018.~~$17,100.

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

3. Real Estate Properties (continued)

The allocation of the aggregate purchase price in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board, (FASB), ASU 2017-01 (Topic 805) “Business Combinations,” of the assets and liabilities acquired at their relative fair values as of their acquisition date, is as follows:

	Purchase Price (in thousands)
Total Purchase Price
Purchase price	$	22,525
Acquisition costs		161
Total	$	22,686

Allocation of Purchase Price
Land	$	3,511
Building		15,572
Site improvements		1,047
Total real estate properties		20,130

Deferred lease intangibles
Tenant relationships		581
Leasing commissions		475
Lease in place value		1,825
Total deferred lease intangibles		2,881
Deferred lease intangibles
Below market lease value		(325	)
Totals	$	22,686

4. Leases

As a Lessor

We lease our properties to tenants under agreements that are classified as operating leases. We recognize the total minimum lease payments provided for under the leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Many of our leases include the recovery of certain operating expenses such as common area maintenance, insurance, real estate taxes and utilities from our tenants. The recovery of such operating expenses are recognized inRental revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Some of our tenant leases contain options to extend leases at a fair market rate and may also include options to terminate. A minor number of the Company’s tenant leases are subject to changes in the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”).

As of June 30, 2019, undiscounted future minimum rental receipts due under non-cancellable operating leases for each of the next five years and total thereafter were as follows (in thousands):

	Future Minimum Rental Receipts

2019	$	24,251
2020		43,720
2021		33,211
2022		24,448
2023		20,151
Thereafter		37,810
Total minimum rental receipts	$	183,591

These amounts do not reflect future rental revenue from the renewal or replacement of existing leases and excludes tenant recoveries and rental increases that are not fixed or indexed to CPI.

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

((all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share ~~data)~~data)

4. ~~Acquisition~~Leases (continued)

As a Lessee

At June 30, 2019, we have two, non-cancelable office space operating leases. These leases have remaining lease terms ranging from 5.2 years to 5.8 years. The lease agreements do not contain residual value guarantees or an option to renew. As of ~~Properties (continuted)~~June 30, 2019, total right of use assets and lease liabilities were approximately $2,119 and $2,132, respectively. In arriving at the lease liability as of June 30, 2019, we applied a weighted-average incremental borrowing rate of 5.4% over the weighted-average remaining lease term of 5.7 years. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate equal to the closest borrowing under the KeyBank line of credit agreement.

Purchase Price
(in thousands)
Total Purchase Price
Purchase price $ 42,675
Acquisition costs 529
Additional acquisition costs from MWG portfolio 955
Total $ 44,159

Allocation of Purchase Price
Land $ 6,242
Building 32,096
Site improvements 2,712
Total real estate properties 41,050

Deferred lease intangibles
Tenant relationships 394
Leasing commissions 1,017
Lease in place value 2,696
Total deferred lease intangibles 4,107
Deferred lease intangibles-
Below market lease value (998 )
Totals $ 44,159

~~Acquisitions completed~~The following table summarizes the operating lease expense recognized during the ~~nine~~three and six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2019 included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

	Three months ended		Six months ended
	June 30,		June 30,
	2019		2019

Operating lease expense included in general and administrative expense attributable to office leases	$	110	$	215

The following table summarizes supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

	Three months ended		Six months ended
	June 30,		June 30,
	2019		2019

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities (operating cash flows)	$	102	$	202

The following table summarizes the minimum rental commitments under our non-cancelable leases, which is discounted by our incremental borrowing rate to calculate the lease liability for the operating leases in which we are the lessee (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
2019	$	202	$	378
2020		423		385
2021		431		393
2022		439		400
2023		448		407
Thereafter		547		519
Total undiscounted rental commitments		2,490	$	2,482
Present value adjustment using incremental borrowing rate		358
Total lease liability	$	2,132

As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, ~~were accounted for as asset acquisitions in accordance to Topic 805.~~the Company had no finance leases.

5. Borrowing Arrangements

AIG Loan

Certain indirect subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership have entered into a senior secured loan agreement with investment entities managed by AIG Asset Management (the “AIG Loan”).

As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, there was $120,000 of indebtedness outstanding under the AIG Loan. The AIG Loan bears interest at 4.08% per annum and has a seven-year term maturing in October, 2023. The AIG Loan provides for monthly payments of interest only for the first three years of the term and thereafter monthly principal and interest payments based on a 27-year amortization period.

The borrowings under the AIG Loan are secured by first lien mortgages on the properties held by wholly-owned subsidiaries of Plymouth Industrial 20 ~~LLC (see Note 8).~~LLC. The obligations under the AIG Loan are also guaranteed in certain circumstances by the Company and certain of the Operating Partnership’s wholly-owned subsidiaries.

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

5. Borrowing Arrangements (continued)

The AIG Loan agreement contains customary representations and warranties, as well as affirmative and negative covenants. The negative covenants include restrictions on additional indebtedness, restrictions on liens, fundamental changes, dispositions, restricted payments, change in nature of business, transactions with affiliates and burdensome agreements. The AIG Loan contains financial covenants that require minimum liquidity and Net Worth. The AIG Loan is subject to acceleration upon certain specified events of defaults, including breaches of representations or covenants, failure to pay other material indebtedness, failure to pay taxes or a change of control of our company, as defined in the senior secured loan agreement. The Company is in compliance with the respective covenants at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019. The Company has no right to prepay all or any part of the AIG Loan before November 1, 2019. Following that date, ~~the AIG Loan~~up to three secured properties can ~~only~~ be ~~paid~~repaid in full, subject to paying a premium equal to the greater of (a) 1% of the outstanding principal and ~~a prepayment penalty would be assessed,~~(b) the present value of the note as defined in the ~~agreement.~~AIG Loan.

~~The borrowings~~Borrowings outstanding amounted to ~~$117,021~~$117,546 and ~~$116,700,~~$117,263, net of ~~$2,979~~$2,454 and ~~$3,300~~$2,737 of unamortized debt issuance costs at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively.

Minnesota Life Loan

On April 30, 2018, certain subsidiaries of our operating partnership entered into a secured loan agreement with Minnesota Life Insurance Company, or the Minnesota Life Loan, in the original principal amount of $21,500. The Minnesota Life Loan bears interest at 3.78% per annum and has a ten-year term, maturing on May 1, 2028. The Minnesota Life Loan ~~provides~~provided for monthly payments of interest only for the first year of the term and thereafter monthly principal and interest payments based on a 30-year amortization period. The borrowings under the Minnesota Life Loan are secured by first lien mortgages on seven of the Company’s properties.

~~Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~Unaudited~~

~~(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)~~

~~5. Borrowing Arrangements (continued)~~

The Minnesota Life Loan contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations with respect to indebtedness, liens, investments, distributions, mergers and acquisitions, dispositions of assets and transactions with affiliates. In the event of a default by the Borrowers, the agent may declare all obligations under the Minnesota Life Loan immediately due and payable and enforce any and all rights of the lender or the agent under the Minnesota Life Loan and related documents. The Company is in compliance with the respective covenants at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

Borrowings outstanding amounted to ~~$21,124,~~$21,096 and $21,133, net of ~~$376~~$339 and $367 of unamortized debt issuance costs at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~

~~KeyBank Term Loan~~

~~On May 23,~~2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company entered into a loan agreement with KeyBank National Association, or KeyBank, for a senior secured term loan (“KeyBank Term Loan”). The KeyBank Term Loan provides for a loan of $35,700 and matures on the earlier of (1) August 11, 2021 or (2) the date KeyBank ceases to serve as administrative agent under the KeyBank Credit Agreement. The KeyBank Term Loan bears interest, at the Company’s option, at either (1) LIBOR plus 7% or (2) KeyBank’s base rate plus 6%. Interest at September 30, 2018 was based on LIBOR plus 7%. At September 30, 2018 the one-month LIBOR was 2.26%. The KeyBank Term Loan is secured by, among other things, pledges of the equity interests in Plymouth Industrial 20 and each of its property owning subsidiaries. The KeyBank Term Loan required us to use the net proceeds from the KeyBank Term Loan to repay the Torchlight Mezzanine Loan. The repayment of the Torchlight Mezzanine Loan was completed May 24, 2018.

The KeyBank Term Loan contains customary affirmative and negative covenants for term loans of this type, including limitations with respect to mergers, dispositions of assets, change of management or change of control and transactions with affiliates. The KeyBank Term Loan requires us to apply an amount equal to 25% of the net proceeds from any additional equity raised by the Company to the repayment of the KeyBank Term Loan. As of September 30, 2018, the Company has repaid $4,530 of the KeyBank Term Loan from the net proceeds of equity offerings.

The KeyBank Term Loan contains financial covenants that will require us to limit our total leverage to 72.5% of our aggregate assets for the next 18 months and thereafter reduce our total leverage ratio to 70%. The KeyBank Term Loan also requires us to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.25 to 1 and a debt service coverage ratio of 1.50 to 1. In the event of a default by the Borrowers, the agent may declare all obligations under the KeyBank Term Loan immediately due and payable and enforce any and all rights of the lender or the agent under the KeyBank Term Loan and related documents. The Company is in compliance with the respective covenants at September 30, 2018.

~~Borrowings outstanding amounted to $30,520, net of $650 of unamortized debt issuance costs at September 30, 2018.~~respectively.

Transamerica Loan

On July 10, 2018, certain wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Borrowers”) of Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a loan agreement (the “Transamerica Loan”) with Transamerica Life Insurance Company providing for commercial mortgage loans to the Borrowers in the aggregate principal amount of $78,000. The Transamerica Loan matures on August 1, 2028 and bears interest at the fixed rate of 4.35% per annum. The promissory notes (the “Notes”) evidencing the Transamerica Loan require the Borrowers to make monthly interest-only payments through August 2019 and thereafter the Transamerica Loan requires equal monthly installments of principal plus accrued interest based on a 30-year amortization period. The ~~Borrowers’ final payments on the Transamerica Loan, due on the maturity date, shall include all outstanding principal and accrued and unpaid interest. The~~ Borrowers may repay the Transamerica Loan, ~~at any time following the first twelve full calendar months of the Transamerica Loan’s term,~~ subject to paying a premium equal to the greater of (a) 1% of the prepayment amount and (b) the “Yield Protection Amount,” as defined in the Notes.

The Transamerica Loan and the Notes contain customary events of default, including non-payment of principal or interest and bankruptcy. Any default under the Transamerica Loan or any Note will constitute a default under each of the other Notes. Each Borrower has guaranteed the payment obligations of all the other Borrowers under the Notes. There are no events of default as of June 30, 2019.

Borrowings outstanding amounted to ~~$76,962,~~$73,526 and $73,609, net of ~~$1,038~~$1,094 and $1,011 of unamortized debt issuance costs at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

~~Repayment of MWG Loan~~Fisher Park Mortgage

On ~~November~~October 15, 2018, the Operating Partnership (the “Borrower”) assumed a mortgage (the “Fisher Park Mortgage”) with a balance of $13,907 as part of our acquisition of the property in greater Cincinnati. The Fisher Park Mortgage, held by JP Morgan Chase Bank, matures on January 1, 2027, bears interest at 5.229% and is secured by the property. The Fisher Park Mortgage requires monthly installments of principal plus accrued interest based on a 30-year amortization. As part of the allocation of the Fisher Park purchase price per ASC 805, the Company recorded a $92 premium on the assumed debt value.

The Fisher Park Mortgage contains certain financial covenants, customary events of default, including non-payment of principal or interest and bankruptcy, and certain trigger events to occur upon the Debt Service Coverage Ratio going below certain thresholds as defined within the loan agreement. There are no trigger or default events as of June 30, ~~2017, certain indirect subsidiaries entered into a loan Agreement with Special Situations Investing Group II, LLC, (“MWG Loan”) which was scheduled~~2019.

Borrowings outstanding amounted to ~~mature on November~~$13,749 and $13,873 at June 30, 2019 ~~with interest rate per annum equal to LIBOR plus 3.10%. On July 10,~~and December 31, 2018, the Company used the proceeds of the Transamerica Loan, along with additional working capital, to repay in full the loan the MWG Loan. The Company recognized a $804 loss on extinguishment of debt at the time of the repayment to reflect the write off of unamortized deferred financing fees.respectively.

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

((all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share ~~data)~~data)

5. Borrowing Arrangements (continued)

~~As part~~Allianz Loan

On March 21, 2019, certain wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Borrowers”) of Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a loan agreement (the “Allianz Loan”) with Allianz Life Insurance Company of North America providing for commercial mortgage loans to the Borrowers in the aggregate principal amount of $63,115. The Allianz Loan matures on April 10, 2026 and bears interest at the fixed rate of 4.07% per annum. The promissory note (the “Note”) evidencing the Allianz Loan require the Borrowers to make monthly interest-only payments through April 2022 and thereafter the Note requires equal monthly installments of principal plus accrued interest based on a 30-year amortization period. The Borrowers may repay the Allianz Loan at any time, subject to paying a premium equal to the greater of (i) one percent (1%) of the MWG Loan, in April, 2018, the Company entered into an interest rate cap agreement. The interest rate cap agreement remains in effect through the maturity date, December 1, 2019. No key terms or conditions relating to the interest rate cap agreement were changed as a resultamount of the ~~repayment~~Principal Indebtedness being prepaid and (ii) the difference between (A) the present value at the time of prepayment of the ~~MWG Loan. The interest rate cap is recorded~~remaining scheduled monthly payments plus the present value at ~~fair value based upon an independent third-party valuation source. The fair value~~the time of prepayment of the final installment of principal and interest ~~rate cap agreement was $0~~due on the Maturity Date, both discounted on a monthly basis at ~~September~~the Index Rate (as defined in the Note), and (B) the unpaid principal balance of the Note at the time of prepayment, but not less than zero.

The Allianz Loan contains customary events of default, including non-payment of principal or interest and bankruptcy and certain trigger events to occur upon the Debt Service Coverage Ratio going below certain thresholds as defined within the loan agreement. There are no trigger or default events as of June 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

Borrowings outstanding amounted to $62,072, net of $1,043 of unamortized debt issuance costs at June 30, 2019.

Line of Credit Agreement

On August 11, 2017 the Company’s operating partnership entered into a secured line of credit agreement (Line of Credit Agreement) with KeyBank National Association, or KeyBank and the other lenders, which matures in August 2020 with an optional extension through August 2021, subject to certain conditions. Borrowings under the Line of Credit Agreement bear interest at either (1) the base rate (determined from the highest of (a) KeyBank’s prime rate, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (c) the one month LIBOR rate plus 1.0%) or (2) LIBOR, plus, in either case, a spread between 250 and 300 basis points depending on our total leverage ratio.

~~On March 8, 2018,~~ At June 30, 2019 the Company entered into an Increase Agreement to our Line of Credit Agreement with KeyBank National Association to increase our revolving credit facility to $45,000. All other terms of the Line of Credit Agreement remained unchanged.interest rate was approximately 5.1%.

The Line of Credit Agreement ~~consistent with the KeyBank Term Loan covenants, requires the Company to maintain certain coverage and leverage ratios and certain amounts of minimum net worth as well meet certain~~contains customary affirmative and negative and financial covenants, ~~for credit facilities of this type,~~ including limitations with respect to ~~use of proceeds,~~ indebtedness, liens, investments, distributions, mergers and ~~acquisitions, dispositions of assets and~~ transactions with ~~affiliates.~~affiliates as outlined within the Line of Credit Agreement. The Company is in compliance with ~~all~~the respective covenants at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019. The Line of Credit Agreement is secured by certain assets of the Company’s operating partnership and certain of its subsidiaries and includes a Company’s guarantee for the payment of all indebtedness under the Line of Credit Agreement. Borrowings outstanding amounted to ~~$35,133~~$0 and ~~$20,837, net of~~$28,550, offset by unamortized debt issuance costs of ~~$417 and $488~~$363 at ~~September 30, 2018 and~~ December 31, ~~2017, respectively.~~2018. Borrowings available under the Line of Credit Agreement amounted to $44,907, net of a letter of credit totaling $93, at June 30, 2019.

KeyBank Bridge Loan

On December 14, 2018, the Operating Partnership and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a loan agreement (the “KeyBank Bridge Loan”) with KeyBank National Association (“KeyBank”). The KeyBank Bridge Loan provided for a secured loan in the amount of $63,115. On March 21, 2019, the Company used the proceeds of the Allianz Loan, along with additional working capital, to repay in full the KeyBank Bridge Loan.

6. Common Stock

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

6. Common Stock (continued)

Equity Offering

On July 23, 2018, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of 1,262,833 shares of common stock, including 160,369 shares of common stock issued upon exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $17,843. The Company used the net proceeds of the public offering to acquire additional industrial properties, working capital and other general purposes.

During May 2019, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of 3,425,000 shares of common stock, including 425,000 shares of common stock issued upon exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option, at $17.50 per share resulting in net proceeds of approximately $55,853. The Company used the net proceeds of the public offering to acquire additional industrial properties, pay down the line of credit, working capital and other general purposes.

ATM Program

On August 24, 2018, the Company entered into a distribution agreement with D.A. Davidson & Co., KeyBanc Capital Markets and National Securities Corporation (the “Agents”), pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell, from time to time, shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $50,000 through a “at-the-market equity offering program” (the “ATM program”).

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company sold 425,319 securities for a weighted average share price of $16.69 under the ATM program, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $6,931, of which 147,017 shares were sold in the quarter ended June 30, 2019. As of June 30, 2019, the Company had approximately $42,903 remaining that may be issued under the ATM program.

Common Stock Warrants

On June 14, 2017, the Company issued warrants to an affiliate of Torchlight to acquire 250,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a strike price of $23.00 per share, which expire in 2022. ~~As a result of~~Due to the Company’s ~~follow-on public offering completed during the third quarter of 2018,~~subsequent common stock issuances, the outstanding warrants have increased to ~~273,004~~296,177 shares at a strike price of ~~$21.06~~$19.41 per ~~share.~~share at June 30, 2019.

The warrants are accounted for as a liability on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as they contain provisions that are considered outside of the Company’s control, such as the holders’ option to receive cash in lieu and other securities in the event of a reorganization of the Company’s common stock underlying such warrants. The fair value of these warrants is re-measured at each financial reporting period with any changes in fair value recognized as a change in fair value of warrant liability in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

A roll-forward of the warrants is as follows:

Balance at January 1, 2019	$	112
Change in fair value		181
Balance at June 30, 2019	$	293

Balance at January 1, 2018 $ 160
Change in fair value (48 )
Balance at September 30, 2018 $ 112

The warrants in the amount of $293 at June 30, 2019 represent their fair value determined using a Monte-Carlo option pricing model applying Level 3 inputs as described in Note 2. The significant inputs into the model were: exercise price of $19.41, volatility of 18.1%, an expected annual dividend of $1.50, a term of 2.94 years and an annual risk-free interest rate of 1.71%. The warrants in the amount of $112 at ~~September 30,~~December 31, 2018 represent their fair value determined using a Binomial Valuation Model applying Level 3 inputs as described in Note 2. The significant inputs into the model were: exercise price of $21.06, volatility of ~~17.6%~~20.0%, an expected annual dividend of $1.50, a term of ~~3.75~~3.5 years and an annual risk-free interest rate of ~~2.71%~~2.47%. The warrants in the amount of $160 at December 31, 2017 were determined using a Monte-Carlo option pricing model, whose significant inputs into the model were volatility of 18.9%, an expected dividend yield of 7.5%, a term of 4.4 years and an annual risk-free interest rate of 2.15%.

The fair value of these warrants is re-measured at each financial reporting period with any changes in fair value recognized as a change in fair value of warrant liability in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The warrants have an expiration date of June 13, 2022. The warrants are not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share as they are anti-dilutive for the periods presented since the Company recorded a net loss during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2019 and 2018.

1213

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

((all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share ~~data)~~data)

6. Common Stock (continued)

~~Repurchase of Common Stock~~

On March 29, 2018, the Company repurchased and retired the 263,158 shares of common stock owned by an affiliate of Torchlight in a privately negotiated transaction at a purchase price of $19.00 per share, or $5,000 in the aggregate. In conjunction with the repurchase, the Company amended the Stockholders Agreement with Torchlight to terminate all rights under the agreement other than customary registration rights related to shares of our common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of the warrants held by an affiliate of Torchlight.

Common Stock Dividends

The following table sets forth the common stock distributions that were declared ~~or paid~~ during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and the year ended December 31, ~~2017. The Company did not declare or pay any distributions during 2016 or in 2017 prior to completion of the Offering.~~2018.

					Cash Dividends Declared per Share		Aggregate Amount
2019
First quarter					$	0.3750	$	1,923
Second quarter					$	0.3750	$	3,257
	Cash Dividends Declared per Share		Aggregate Amount
2018
First quarter	$	0.3750	$	1,334	$	0.3750	$	1,334
Second quarter	$	0.3750	$	1,334	$	0.3750	$	1,334
Third quarter	$	0.3750	$	1,807	$	0.3750	$	1,807

2017
Second quarter (commencing June 14, 2017 to September 30, 2017)	$	0.0650	$	238
Third quarter	$	0.3750	$	1,430
Fourth quarter	$	0.3750	$	1,430	$	0.3750	$	1,808

7. Preferred Stock

Series A Preferred Stock

The table below sets forth the Company’s outstanding ~~preferred stock~~Series A Preferred Stock issuances as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018:~~2019:

Preferred Stock Issuance

Issuance
Date

Number
of Shares

Liquidation Value
per Share

Interest
Rate

Issuance
Date

Number
of Shares

Liquidation Value
per Share

Dividend
Rate

7.5% Series A Preferred Stock

10/25/2017

2,040,000

$ 25

7.5%

10/25/2017

2,040,000

7.5%

The following table sets forth the 7.5% Series A preferred stock distributions that were declared ~~or paid~~ during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and the year ended December 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

Cash Dividends
Declared
per Share Aggregate
Amount
2019
First quarter $ 0.46875 $ 956
Second quarter $ 0.46875 $ 956

2018
First quarter $ 0.46875 $ 956
Second quarter $ 0.46875 $ 956
Third quarter $ 0.46875 $ 956
Fourth quarter $ 0.46875 $ 956
Series B Preferred Stock
The table below sets forth the Company’s outstanding Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock issuances as of June 30, 2019.
Preferred Stock Issuance Issuance
Date Number
of Shares Liquidation Value
per Share Current
Dividend
Rate
Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock 12/14/2018 4,411,764 $ 22.03 3.25%
14
Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Unaudited
(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
7. Preferred Stock (continued)
The following table sets forth the Series B preferred stock that were declared during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018. The Company did not pay any dividends prior to the closing of the offering of its Series AB Preferred Stock on ~~October 25, 2017.~~December 14, 2018.
Cash Dividends
Declared
per Share Aggregate
Amount
2018
First quarter $ 0.46875 $ 956
Second quarter $ 0.46875 $ 956
Third quarter $ 0.46875 $ 956

2017
Fourth quarter (commencing October 25, 2017 to December 31, 2017) $ 0.3542 $ 723
13
~~Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.~~
~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~
~~Unaudited~~
~~(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)~~
Cash Dividends
Declared
per Share Aggregate
Amount
2019
First quarter $ 0.13813 $ 610
Second quarter $ 0.13813 $ 610

2018
Fourth quarter (commencing December 14, 2018 to December 31, 2018) $ 0.02609 $ 115
8. Non-Controlling Interests
~~Non-controlling Interests Previously Held by Torchlight~~
~~As discussed in Note 1, and in connection with the refinancing of the Company’s debt on October 17, 2016, the Company established the following subsidiaries:~~
~~Plymouth Industrial 20 Financial LLC~~
~~The REIT, through its Operating Partnership, is the sole member of Plymouth Industrial 20 Financial LLC.~~
~~Plymouth Industrial 20 LLC (20 LLC)~~
For the period October 17, 2016 to June 13, 2017, the REIT through Plymouth Industrial 20 Financial LLC, was the managing member in 20 LLC with a 0.5% ownership interest. An affiliate of Torchlight held the remaining 99.5% interest in 20 LLC. This 99.5% interest was redeemed on June 14, 2017 by the REIT and 20 LLC is now a single member LLC with Plymouth Industrial 20 Financial LLC as the sole member. The proportionate share of the loss attributed to the non-controlling interest held by Torchlight was $4,674 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and $0 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The redemption resulted in elimination of the non-controlling interest and an adjustment to equity (deficit) in the amount of $56,795. An adjustment to the redemption price in the first quarter 2017 was deemed a non-cash capital contribution in the amount of $1,019.
Operating Partnership Units Acquisitions
In connection with the acquisition of the Shadeland Portfolio on August 11, 2017, the Company, through isits Operating Partnership issued 421,438 Operating Partnership Units (“OP Units”) at $19.00 per OP Unit for a total of approximately $8,007 to the former owners of the Shadeland Portfolio. In connection with the Cincinnati, Ohio acquisition on October 15, 2018, the Company, through its Operating Partnership issued 626,011 OP Units at $17.00 per OP Unit for a total of approximately $10,642 to the former owners of the property. The holders of the OP Units are entitled to receive distributions concurrent with the dividends paid on our common stock. The following table sets forth the OP Unit distributions that were declared during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018.
Cash Distributions
Declared per
OP Unit Aggregate
Amount
2019
First quarter $ 0.375 $ 393
Second quarter $ 0.375 $ 393
2018
First quarter $ 0.375 $ 158
Second quarter $ 0.375 $ 158
Third quarter $ 0.375 $ 158
Fourth quarter $ 0.375 ⁽¹⁾ $ 357
____________________
(1) Distributions for the OP Units issued in connection with the Cincinnati, Ohio acquisition were paid on a pro-rated distribution equal to a quarterly distribution of $0.375 per OP Unit or $199 in the aggregate for the quarter ended December 31, 2018.
The proportionate share of the loss attributed to the partnership units was ~~$417~~$380 and ~~$157~~$829 for the three months ending ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively, and ~~$1,709~~$1,033 and ~~$157~~$1,292 for the ~~nine~~six months ending ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively.
9. Incentive Award Plan
The following table is a summary of the total restricted shares granted, forfeited and vested for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018:~~
2019:
Shares
Unvested restricted stock at January 1, ~~2018~~2019 ~~163,157~~124,051
    Granted ~~3,000~~82,587
    Forfeited —
    Vested (~~40,528~~49,614 )
Unvested restricted stock at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 ~~125,629~~157,024
15
Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Unaudited
(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
9. Incentive Award Plan (continued)
The Company recorded equity-based compensation in the amount of ~~$602~~$593 and ~~$243~~$400 for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively, which is included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Equity-based compensation expense for shares issued to ~~employers~~employees and directors is based on the grant-date fair value of the award and recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite period of the award. The unrecognized compensation expense associated with the Company’s restricted shares of common stock at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 was approximately ~~$2,125~~$2,744 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately ~~2.7~~3.2 years.
14
~~Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.~~
~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~
~~Unaudited~~
~~(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)~~
10. Earnings per Share
Net loss per Common Share
Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders was calculated as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine months Ended September 30, Three months Ended June 30, Six months Ended June 30,
2018 2017 2018 2017 2019 2018 2019 2018
Numerator
Net loss $ (4,718 ) $ (2,839 ) $ (16,725 ) $ (9,114 ) $ (2,857 ) $ (7,534 ) $ (6,456 ) $ (12,007 )
Less: loss attributable to non-controlling interest (417 ) (157 ) (1,709 ) (4,831 ) (380 ) (829 ) (1,033 ) (1,292 )
Net loss attributable to Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. (4,301 ) (2,682 ) (15,016 ) (4,283 ) (2,477 ) (6,705 ) (5,423 ) (10,715 )
Less: Series A Preferred dividend 956 — 2,868 —
Less: Preferred stock dividends 1,566 956 3,132 1,912
Less: Series B Preferred stock accretion to redemption value 1,901 — 3,801 —
Less: amount allocated to participating securities 48 — 155 — 58 46 115 107
Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (5,305 ) $ (2,682 ) $ (18,039 ) $ (4,283 ) (6,002 ) $ (7,707 ) $ (12,471 ) $ (12,734 )

Denominator
Weighted-average common shares outstanding basic and diluted 4,350,687 3,636,023 3,801,900 1,642,394 6,835,878 3,400,012 5,787,600 3,522,959

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders – basic and diluted $ (1.22 ) $ (0.74 ) $ (4.74 ) $ (2.61 ) $ (0.88 ) $ (2.27 ) $ (2.15 ) $ (3.61 )
The Company uses the two-class method of computing earnings per common share in which participating securities are included within the basic EPS calculation. The amount allocated to participating securities is according to dividends declared (whether paid or unpaid). The restricted stock does not have any participatory rights in undistributed earnings. The unvested shares of restricted stock are accounted for as participating securities as they contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends.
In periods where there is a net loss, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same. The Company’s potential dilutive securities at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 include the ~~273,004~~296,177 shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the outstanding warrants and ~~125,629~~157,024 shares of restricted common stock. The warrant shares and restricted common stock have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as the effect of including them would reduce the net loss per share.
11. Commitments and Contingencies
Employment Agreements
The Company has entered into employment agreements with the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Investment Officer, and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. As approved by the compensation committee of the Board of Directors the agreements provide for base salaries ranging from $200 to $300 annually with discretionary cash performance awards. The agreements contain provisions for equity awards, general benefits, and termination and severance provisions, consistent with similar positions and companies.
16
Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Unaudited
(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
11. Commitments and Contingencies (continued)
Legal Proceedings
The Company is not currently party to any material legal proceedings. At each reporting date, the Company evaluates whether or not a potential loss amount or a potential range of loss is probable and reasonably estimable under the provisions of the authoritative guidance that addresses accounting for contingencies. The Company expenses as incurred, ~~the~~ costs related to such legal proceedings.
Contingent Liability
In conjunction with the issuance of the OP Units for the Shadeland Portfolio ~~acquisition,~~and Cincinnati, Ohio acquisitions, the ~~agreement contains~~agreements contain a provision for the Company to provide tax protection to the holders if the acquired properties are sold in a transaction that would result in the recognition of taxable income or gain prior to the sixth anniversary of the acquisition. The Company intends to hold this investment and has no plans to sell or transfer any interest that would give rise to a taxable transaction.
12. Subsequent Events
On ~~October 15, 2018,~~August 7, 2019, the Company entered in an amended and restated credit agreement to our Line of Credit Agreement with KeyBank National Association to increase our revolving credit facility to $100,000 with the ability to increase up to $200,000, subject to certain conditions. The amended and restated credit agreement extends the term of the Line of Credit Agreement to August 2023 with two six-month extensions through August 2024. The amended and restated credit agreement bear interest at either (1) the base rate (determined from the highest of (a) KeyBank’s prime rate, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (c) the one month LIBOR rate plus 1.0%) or (2) LIBOR, plus, in either case, a spread between 200 and 250 basis points depending on our total leverage ratio. The amended and restated credit agreement contains customary affirmative and negative and financial covenants, including limitations with respect to indebtedness, liens, investments, distributions, mergers and transactions with affiliates.
On July 29, 2019, the Company acquired a single Class B industrial property, consisting of approximately 129,000 square feet, located in ~~greater~~St. Louis, Missouri for an aggregate purchase price of $5,400.
On July 8, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase and sale agreement to acquire a six-property portfolio of Class B industrial properties, consisting of approximately 591,695 square feet, located in Columbus and Cincinnati, Ohio ~~totaling~~for an aggregate purchase price of $36,200. This pending acquisition is subject to customary closing conditions. As such, there can be no assurance that we will complete the acquisition.
On July 18, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase and sale agreement to acquire a single Class B industrial property, consisting of approximately ~~1,100,000~~566,000 square feet, located in Memphis, Tennessee for ~~approximately $24,800. The~~an aggregate purchase price ~~includes~~of $22,050. This pending acquisition is subject to customary closing conditions. As such, there can be no assurance that we will complete the issuance of 626,011 units of Plymouth’s Operating Partnership units valued at approximately $10,642, the assumption of approximately $13,907 of existing mortgage debt secured by the property and approximately $251 in cash.
acquisition.
15

Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
We make statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are forward-looking statements, which are usually identified by the use of words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans” “projects,” “seeks,” “should,” “will,” and variations of such words or similar expressions. Our forward-looking statements reflect our current views about our plans, intentions, expectations, strategies and prospects, which are based on the information currently available to us and on assumptions we have made. Although we believe that our plans, intentions, expectations, strategies and prospects as reflected in or suggested by our forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that our plans, intentions, expectations, strategies or prospects will be attained or achieved and you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Furthermore, actual results may differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements and may be affected by a variety of risks and factors including, without limitation:
• the competitive environment in which we operate;
• real estate risks, including fluctuations in real estate values and the general economic climate in local markets and competition for tenants in such markets;
• decreased rental rates or increasing vacancy rates;
• potential defaults on or non-renewal of leases by tenants;
• potential bankruptcy or insolvency of tenants;
• acquisition risks, including failure of such acquisitions to perform in accordance with projections;
• the timing of acquisitions and dispositions;
• potential natural disasters such as earthquakes, wildfires or floods;
• national, international, regional and local economic conditions;
• the general level of interest rates;
• potential changes in the law or governmental regulations that affect us and interpretations of those laws and regulations, including changes in real estate and zoning or REIT tax laws, and potential increases in real property tax rates;
• financing risks, including the risks that our cash flows from operations may be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest and we may be unable to refinance our existing debt upon maturity or obtain new financing on attractive terms or at all;
• lack of or insufficient amounts of insurance;
• our ability to maintain our qualification as a REIT;
• litigation, including costs associated with prosecuting or defending claims and any adverse outcomes; and
• possible environmental liabilities, including costs, fines or penalties that may be incurred due to necessary remediation of contamination of properties presently owned or previously owned by us.
Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made. New risks and uncertainties arise over time, and it is not possible for us to predict those events or how they may affect us. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
The following discussion and analysis is based on, and should be read in conjunction with our unaudited financial statements and notes thereto as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018 included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, as well as information contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017~~2018 (the ~~“2017~~“2018 10-K“) filed with the ~~Security~~United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March ~~8, 2018,~~7, 2019, including the audited historical financial statements and related notes thereto as of and for the years ended December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017 contained therein, which is accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Overview
We are a full service, vertically integrated, self-administered and self-managed REIT focused on the acquisition, ownership and management of single- and multi-tenant Class B industrial properties, including distribution centers, warehouses and light industrial properties. The Company’s portfolio at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 consists of 5257 industrial properties (the “Company Portfolio”) located in ~~nine~~ten states with an aggregate of approximately ~~9.9~~12.5 million rentable square feet leased to 89182 different tenants.
Our strategy is to invest in single- and multi-tenant Class B industrial properties located primarily in secondary markets across the U.S.; however, we may make opportunistic acquisitions of Class A industrial properties or industrial properties located in primary markets. We seek to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders through a combination of dividends and capital appreciation.
Factors That May Influence Future Results of Operations
Business and Strategy
Our core investment strategy is to acquire primarily Class B industrial properties predominantly in secondary markets across the U.S. We expect to acquire these properties through third-party purchases and structured sale-leasebacks where we believe we can achieve high initial yields and strong ongoing cash-on-cash returns. In addition, we may make opportunistic acquisitions of Class A industrial properties or industrial properties in primary markets that offer similar return characteristics.
18
Our target markets are comprised primarily of secondary markets because we believe these markets tend to have less occupancy and rental rate volatility and less buyer competition relative to primary markets. We also believe that the systematic aggregation of such properties will result in a diversified portfolio that will produce sustainable risk-adjusted returns. Future results of operations may be affected, either positively or negatively, by our ability to effectively execute this strategy.
16
We also intend to pursue joint venture arrangements with institutional partners which could provide management fee income as well as residual profit-sharing income. Such joint ventures may involve investing in industrial assets that would be characterized as opportunistic or value-add investments. These may involve development or re-development strategies that may require significant up-front capital expenditures, lengthy lease-up periods and result in inconsistent cash flows. As such, these properties’ risk profiles and return metrics would likely differ from the non-joint venture properties that we target for acquisition.
Rental Revenue and Tenant Recoveries
We receive income primarily from rental revenue from our properties. The amount of rental revenue generated by the Company Portfolio depends principally on the occupancy levels and lease rates at our properties, our ability to lease currently available space and space that becomes available as a result of lease expirations and on the rental rates at our properties. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company Portfolio was approximately ~~94.4%~~96.1% occupied. Our occupancy rate is impacted by general market conditions in the geographic areas which our properties are located and the financial condition of tenants in our target markets.
Scheduled Lease Expirations
Our ability to re-lease space subject to expiring leases will impact our results of operations and will be affected by economic and competitive conditions in the markets in which we operate and by the desirability of our individual properties. During the period from ~~October~~July 1, ~~2018~~2019 through to December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, an aggregate of ~~35.3%~~46.3% of the annualized base rent leases in the Company Portfolio are scheduled to expire, which we believe will provide us an opportunity to adjust below market rates as market conditions continue to improve.
During ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~the six months ended June 30, 2019, leases for space totaling ~~1,707,512~~3,125,295 square feet ~~(17%~~(24.9% of the Company Portfolio) either was subject to renewal or expired. Approximately ~~46%~~51.1% of the expired space was renewed and an additional ~~1,031,570~~1,484,214 square feet was leased ~~long term with~~to new tenants. As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the vacancy rate of the Company Portfolio was ~~5.6%~~3.9%.
During the year ended December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018, we negotiated 24~~2019, lease negotiation efforts resulted in 41 leases commencing with durations in excess of six months encompassing ~~1,615,433~~2,578,016 square feet and ~~negotiated 5~~6 leases commencing with a duration of less than 6 months encompassing ~~121,735~~504,155 square feet. Renewed leases made up ~~39%~~49.7% of the square footage covered by the 2441 leases in excess of 6 months, and the rent under the renewed leases ~~decreased~~increased an average of ~~-2.5%~~2.4% over the prior leases. Leases to new tenants comprised the other ~~61%~~50.3% of the square footage covered by the 2441 leases in excess of 6 months, and the rent under the new leases increased an average of ~~16.1%~~16.3% over the prior leases. The rental rates under the 2441 leases in excess of 6 months entered into during ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, increased by an average of ~~5.6%~~7.9% over the rates of the prior leases.
The table below reflects certain data about our new and renewed leases with terms of greater than six months executed in the year ended December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019.
Year Type Square
Footage % of Total
Square
Footage Expiring
Rent New
Rent %
Change Tenant
Improvements
$/SF/YR Lease
Commissions
$/SF/YR

2017 Renewals 234,679 84.1% $ 4.25 $ 4.51 6.2% $ 0.07 $ 0.13
New Leases 44,268 15.9% $ 2.16 $ 3.00 38.7% $ 0.41 $ 0.27
Total 278,947 100.0% $ 3.92 $ 4.27 9.1% $ 0.13 $ 0.15

2018 Renewals 394,959 29.6% $ 6.39 $ 6.01 -6.0% $ 0.25 $ 0.15
New Leases 941,527 70.4% $ 2.87 $ 3.31 15.3% $ 0.39 $ 0.22
Total 1,336,486 100.0% $ 3.91 $ 4.10 5.0% $ 0.35 $ 0.20

Total Renewals 629,638 39.0% $ 5.59 $ 5.45 -2.5% $ 0.18 $ 0.14
New Leases 985,795 61.0% $ 2.84 $ 3.29 16.0% $ 0.39 $ 0.22
Total 1,615,433 100.0% $ 3.91 $ 4.13 5.6% $ 0.31 $ 0.19
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Year Type Square
Footage % of Total
Square
Footage Expiring
Rent New
Rent %
Change Tenant
Improvements
$/SF/YR Lease
Commissions
$/SF/YR

2018 Renewals 482,067 33.2% $ 5.84 $ 5.57 -4.6% $ 0.24 $ 0.13
New Leases 969,207 66.8% $ 2.85 $ 3.31 16.1% $ 0.39 $ 0.21
Total 1,451,274 100.0% $ 3.84 $ 4.06 5.7% $ 0.34 $ 0.18

2019 Renewals 798,510 70.9% $ 3.71 $ 4.05 9.2% $ 0.16 $ 0.11
New Leases 328,232 29.1% $ 2.73 $ 3.20 17.2% $ — $ 0.40
Total 1,126,742 100.0% $ 3.43 $ 3.80 10.8% $ 0.11 $ 0.19

Total Renewals 1,280,577 49.7% $ 4.51 $ 4.62 2.4% $ 0.19 $ 0.11
New Leases 1,297,439 50.3% $ 2.82 $ 3.28 16.3% $ 0.29 $ 0.26
Total 2,578,016 100.0% $ 3.66 $ 3.95 7.9% $ 0.24 $ 0.19
Conditions in Our Markets
The Company Portfolio is located primarily in various secondary markets in the eastern half of the U.S. Positive or negative changes in economic or other conditions, adverse weather conditions and natural disasters in these markets are likely to affect our overall performance.
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~~Rental~~Property Expenses
Our rental expenses generally consist of utilities, real estate taxes, insurance and site repair and maintenance costs. For the majority of the Company Portfolio, rental expenses are controlled, in part, by either the triple net provisions or modified gross lease expense reimbursement provisions in tenant leases. However, the terms of our tenant leases vary and in some instances the leases may provide that we are responsible for certain rental expenses. Accordingly, our overall financial results will be impacted by the extent to which we are able to pass-through rental expenses to our tenants.
General and Administrative Expenses
We expect to incur increased general and administrative expenses, including legal, accounting and other expenses related to corporate governance and public reporting ~~to become compliant with various provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.~~and compliance. In addition, we anticipate that our staffing levels will increase ~~slightly~~ from ~~thirteen~~eighteen employees as of ~~the date of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q to between 14 and 16 employees~~June 30, 2019 during the 12 to 24 months following ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and, as a result, our general and administrative expenses will increase further.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management makes significant estimates regarding the allocation of tangible and intangible assets or business acquisitions, impairments of long-lived assets, stock-based compensation and its common stock warrants liability. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment. Management adjusts such estimates when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.
During the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, there were no material changes to our critical accounting policies. Our critical accounting policies are described under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March ~~8, 2018~~7, 2019 and the notes to the financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We believe that ~~of our critical accounting policies,~~ the following critical accounting policies involve the most judgment and complexity:
· ~~Going concern~~
· Real estate property acquisitions, capitalization and depreciation
· Income taxes
· Amortization of deferred lease intangibles – assets and liabilities
· Impairment of Long-lived assets
· Consolidation
Accordingly, we believe the policies set forth in our ~~2017~~2018 10-K are critical to fully understand and evaluate our financial condition and results of operations. If actual results or events differ materially from the estimates, judgments and assumptions used by us in applying these policies, our reported financial condition and results of operations could be materially affected.
18
Results of Operations (amounts in thousands)
Our consolidated results of operations are often not comparable from period to period due to the effect of property acquisitions and dispositions completed during the comparative reporting periods. Our Total Portfolio represents all of the properties owned during the reported periods. To eliminate the effect of changes in our Total Portfolio due to acquisitions and dispositions and to highlight the operating results of our on-going business, we have separately presented the results of our Same Properties Portfolio and Acquisitions/Dispositions.
For the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, we define the Same Store Portfolio as a subset of our Total Portfolio and includes properties that were wholly-owned by us for the entire period presented. We define Acquisitions/Dispositions as any properties that were acquired or sold during the period from April 1, 2018 through June 30, 2019. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, we define the Same Store Portfolio as a subset of our Total Portfolio and includes properties that were wholly-owned by us for the entire period presented. We define Acquisitions/Dispositions as any properties that were acquired or sold during the period from January 1, 2018 through June 30, 2019.

Three Months Ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 Compared to ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018
The following table summarizes the results of operations for our same store portfolio, our acquisitions and dispositions and total portfolio for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:
Same Store Portfolio Acquisitions Total Portfolio Same Store Portfolio Acquisitions/Dispositions Total Portfolio
Three months ended
September 30, Change Three months ended
September 30, Change Three months ended
September 30, Change Three months ended
June 30, Change Three months ended
June 30, Change Three months ended
June 30, Change
2018 2017 $ % 2018 2017 $ % 2018 2017 $ % 2019 2018 $ % 2019 2018 $ % 2019 2018 $ %
Revenue:
Rental revenue $ 3,317 $ 3,644 (327 ) -9.0% $ 5,425 $ 1,054 $ 4,371 415% $ 8,742 $ 4,698 $ 4,044 86.1% $ 11,776 11,514 262 2.3% 5,246 462 4,784 1035% 17,022 11,976 5,046 42.1%
Tenant recoveries 1,291 1,392 (101 ) -7.3% 1,615 352 1,263 358% 2,906 1,744 1,162 66.6%
Other revenue — 71 (71 ) -100% — — — — — 71 (71 ) -100%
Total revenues 4,608 5,036 (428 ) -8.5% 7,040 1,406 5,634 401% 11,648 6,442 5,206 80.8% 11,776 11,585 191 1.6% 5,246 462 4,784 1035% 17,022 12,047 4,975 41.3%

Property expenses 1,707 1,606 101 6.3% 2,642 553 2,089 377% 4,349 2,159 2,190 101.3% 4,636 3,590 1,046 29.1% 1,398 197 1,201 610% 6,034 3,787 2,247 59.3%
Depreciation and amortization 6,249 3,499 2,750 78.6% 8,476 6,444 2,032 31.5%
General and administrative 1,394 1,224 170 13.9% 1,691 1,533 158 10.3%
Acquisition costs — 4 (4 ) -100.0%
Total operating expenses 11,992 6,886 5,106 74.2% 16,201 11,764 4,437 37.7%

Other operating revenue 5 224 (219 ) -97.8%

Operating profit/(loss) (339 ) (220 ) (119 ) 54.2%

Other income (expense):
Interest expense (3,575 ) (2,619 ) (956 ) 36.5% (3,576 ) (4,216 ) 640 -15.2%
Loss on extinguishment of debt (804 ) — (804 ) — — (3,601 ) 3,601 -100%
Change in fair value of warrant derivative (102 ) — (102 ) 100%
Total other income (expense) (4,379 ) (2,619 ) (1,760 ) 67.2% (3,678 ) (7,817 ) 4,139 52.9%

Net loss $ (4,718 ) $ (2,839 ) $ (1,879 ) 66.2% $ (2,857 ) (7,534 ) 4,677 -62.1%
Rental revenue: Rental revenue increased by approximately ~~$4,044~~$5,046 to ~~$8,742~~$17,022 for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 as compared to ~~$4,698~~$11,976 for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017.~~2018. The increase was primarily related to an increase in rental revenue from ~~the acquired properties from the date~~acquisitions of ~~acquisition in 2017~~$4,873 offset by dispositions of $89 for a net total of $4,784, and, ~~2018~~an increase of ~~$4,371 and a decrease of $327~~$262 from same store properties primarily from ~~a decrease~~an increase in rent income of ~~base rent of $174~~$631 due to ~~vacancies~~scheduled rent steps and leasing activities offset by a decrease in non-cash rent adjustments of ~~$157~~$369 for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~
~~Tenant recoveries~~: Tenant recoveries increased by approximately $1,162 to $2,906 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $1,744 for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The increase was primarily related to an increase in tenant recoveries from the acquisitions made during 2017 of $1,263 and a decrease in tenant recoveries of $101 from same store properties for the three months ended September 30, 2018.
~~Property expenses:~~ Property expenses increased $2,190 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 to $4,349 as compared to $2,159 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 primarily due to an increase in expenses related to the new property acquisitions of $2,089. Property expenses for the same store properties increased approximately $101 primarily due to increases in real estate taxes of $124 offset by net decreases in operating expenses of $23.
~~Depreciation and amortization~~: Depreciation and amortization expense increased by approximately $2,750 to approximately $6,249 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $3,499 for the three months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to an increase within the new property acquisitions of $2,987 and a decrease of $237 for the same store properties.
~~General and administrative~~: General and administrative expenses increased approximately $170 to $1,394 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $1,224 for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The increase is attributable primarily to increases in payroll expense of $137 and occupancy costs associated to our headquarters of $43.2019.
Other ~~operating~~ revenue: Other revenue represents ~~interest income and~~ other items not directly related to the operations of our portfolio. The decrease in other revenue by ~~$219~~$71 to $5$0 for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, as compared to ~~$224~~$71 for the three months ending ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 was predominately driven by non-recurring fees for services provided by the Company during Q2 2018.
Property expenses: Property expenses increased $2,247 for the three months ended June 30, 2019 to $6,034 as compared to $3,787 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 primarily due to ~~a final adjustment~~an increase in expenses related to acquisitions of $1,234 offset by dispositions of $33 for a ~~former joint venture realized~~net total of $1,201. Property expenses for the same store properties increased approximately $1,046 primarily due to an increase of $1,234 in ~~Q3 2017.~~real estate tax expense due to increased assessments and a one-time adjustment reducing real estate tax expense during Q2 2018, offset by net decreases in utilities and operating expense of $188.
19 Depreciation and amortization: Depreciation and amortization expense increased by approximately $2,032 to approximately $8,476 for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to $6,444 for the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to an increase from acquisitions of $2,712 offset by dispositions of $114 for a net total of $2,598, and, a decrease of $566 for the same store properties.
General and administrative: General and administrative expenses increased approximately $158 to $1,691 for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to $1,533 for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase is attributable primarily to increases in professional fees of $82 and payroll expense of $54.
Interest expense: Interest expense ~~increased~~decreased by approximately ~~$956~~$640 to ~~$3,575~~$3,576 for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, as compared to ~~$2,619~~$4,216 for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017.~~2018. The ~~increase~~decrease is primarily due to the repayment of the Mezzanine Loan during 2018 offset by additional borrowings ~~executed as part of~~associated with our ~~2017 and 2018~~ acquisition activity ~~offset by~~during the ~~refinancing~~last six months of ~~the Torchlight Mezzanine Loan.~~2018 and first six months of 2019. The schedule below is a comparative analysis of the components of interest expense for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017.~~2018.
Three Months Ended June 30,
2019 2018

Accrued interest $ (62 ) $ 560
Amortization of debt issuance costs 273 466
Total accretion of interest and deferred interest 211 1,026
Cash interest paid 3,365 3,190
Total interest expense $ 3,576 $ 4,216
21
Three Months Ended September 30,
2018 2017

Accrued interest $ (164 ) $ 694
Accretion of financing fees 338 202
Total accretion of interest and deferred interest 174 896
Cash interest paid 3,401 1,723
Total interest expense $ 3,575 $ 2,619
Loss on extinguishment of debt: Loss on extinguishment of debt of ~~$804~~$3,601 in 2018 was due to the early repayment of the ~~MWG~~Mezzanine Loan.
Change in fair value of warrant derivative: Change in fair value of warrant derivative represents the change in the fair market value of our common stock warrants. The change in the fair value of warrant derivative of $(102) for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was due to an increase in the common stock warrant liability during Q2 2019. There was no change of the fair market value of the common stock warrant liability for the three months ended June 30, 2018.
~~Nine~~Six Months Ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 Compared to ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018
The following table summarizes the results of operations for our same store portfolio, our acquisitions and dispositions and total portfolio for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:
Same Store Portfolio Acquisitions Total Portfolio Same Store Portfolio Acquisitions/Dispositions Total Portfolio
Nine months ended
September 30, Change Nine months ended
September 30, Change Nine months ended
September 30, Change Six months ended
June 30, Change Six months ended
June 30, Change Six months ended
June 30, Change
2018 2017 $ % 2018 2017 $ % 2018 2017 $ % 2019 2018 $ % 2019 2018 $ % 2019 2018 $ %
Revenue:
Rental revenue $ 10,196 $ 10,939 $ (743 ) -6.8% $ 16,049 $ 1,055 $ 14,994 1422% $ 26,245 $ 11,994 $ 14,251 118.8% $ 23,201 22,828 373 1.6% 10,483 578 9,905 1714% 33,684 23,406 10,278 43.9%
Tenant recoveries 4,097 4,062 35 0.9% 4,712 351 4,361 1241% 8,809 4,413 4,396 99.6%
Total operating revenues 14,293 15,001 (708 ) -4.7% 20,761 1,406 19,355 1377% 35,054 16,407 18,647 113.7%
Other revenue — 521 (521 ) -100% — — — — — 521 (521 ) -100%
Total revenues 23,201 23,349 (148 ) -0.6% 10,483 578 9,905 1714% 33,684 23,927 9,757 40.8%

Property expenses 4,909 4,590 319 7.0% 7,680 494 7,186 1454% 12,589 5,084 7,505 147.6% 9,300 8,014 1,286 16.0% 2,996 226 2,770 1226% 12,296 8,240 4,056 49.2%
Depreciation and amortization 19,235 9,056 10,179 112.4% 16,908 12,986 3,922 30.2%
General and administrative 4,299 3,159 1,140 36.1% 3,337 2,953 384 13.0%
Acquisition costs — 86 (86 ) -100.0%
Total operating expenses 36,123 17,385 18,738 107.8% 32,541 24,179 8,362 34.6%

Other operating revenue 526 226 300 132.7%

Operating profit/(loss) (543 ) (752 ) 209 -28.0%

Other income (expense):
Other expense:
Interest expense (11,777 ) (8,362 ) (3,415 ) 40.8% (7,418 ) (8,202 ) 784 -9.6%
Loss on extinguishment of debt (4,405 ) — (4,405 ) — — (3,601 ) 3,601 -100%
Total other income (expense) (16,182 ) (8,362 ) (7,820 ) 93.5%
Change in fair value of warrant derivative (181 ) 48 (229 ) -57.3%
Total other expense (7,599 ) (11,755 ) 4,156 35.4%

Net loss $ (16,725 ) $ (9,114 ) $ (7,611 ) 83.5% $ (6,456 ) (12,007 ) 5,551 -46.2%
Rental revenue: Rental revenue increased by approximately ~~$14,251~~$10,278 to ~~$26,245~~$33,684 for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 as compared to ~~$11,994~~$23,406 for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017.~~2018. The increase was primarily related to an increase in rental revenue from ~~the acquired properties from the date~~acquisitions of ~~acquisition in 2017~~$10,109 offset by dispositions of $204 for a net total of $9,905, and, ~~2018~~an increase of ~~$14,994 and a decrease of $743~~$373 from same store properties primarily from ~~a decrease~~an increase in rent income of ~~base rent of $955~~$1,112 due to ~~vacancies~~scheduled rent steps and ~~rent abatements~~leasing activities offset by ~~an increase~~a decrease in non-cash rent adjustments of ~~$210~~$739 for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~
~~Tenant recoveries~~: Tenant recoveries increased by approximately $4,396 to $8,809 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $4,413 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase was primarily related to an increase in tenant recoveries from the acquisitions made during 2017 and 2018 of $4,361 and an increase in tenant recoveries of $35 from same store properties for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
~~Property expenses:~~ Property expenses increased $7,505 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to $12,589 as compared to $5,084 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 primarily due to an increase for expenses related to the new property acquisitions of $7,186. Property expenses for the same store properties increased approximately $319 primarily due to a net decrease of $114 in real estate taxes as a result of a one-time adjustment offset by net increases in real estate tax assessments and net increases in utilities and operating expenses of $103 and $330, respectively.
20
~~Depreciation and amortization~~: Depreciation and amortization expense increased by approximately $10,179 to approximately $19,235 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $9,056 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to the new property acquisitions of $10,507 and a decrease of $328 for the same store properties.
~~General and administrative~~: General and administrative expenses increased approximately $1,140 to $4,299 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $3,159 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase is attributable primarily to an increase in accounting and other professional expenses of approximately $287 related to public company costs, non-cash stock compensation of $360 associated with restricted stock grants, increased payroll expense of $307 and increased occupancy costs for our headquarters of $114.2019.
Other ~~operating~~ revenue: Other revenue represents ~~interest income and~~ other items not directly related to the operations of our portfolio. The ~~increase~~decrease in other revenue by ~~$300~~$521 to ~~$526~~$0 for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, as compared to ~~$226~~$521 for the ~~nine~~six months ending ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 was ~~due to~~predominately driven by a non-recurring fee for services provided by the Company for a joint venture that did not materialize ~~and management fees earned by~~during the ~~REIT~~first half of 2018.
Property expenses: Property expenses increased $4,056 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 to $12,296 as compared to $8,240 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 primarily due to an increase in expenses related to acquisitions of $2,831 offset by dispositions of $61 for a ~~final~~net total of $2,770. Property expenses for the same store properties increased approximately $1,286 primarily due to an increase of $1,484 in real estate tax expense due to increased assessments and a one-time adjustment ~~related~~reducing real estate tax expense during the first half of 2018, offset by net decreases in utilities and operating expense of $198.
Depreciation and amortization: Depreciation and amortization expense increased by approximately $3,922 to approximately $16,908 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to $12,986 for the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to an increase from acquisitions of $5,549 offset by dispositions of $276 for a ~~former joint venture realized~~net total of $5,273, and, a decrease of $1,351 for the same store properties.
General and administrative: General and administrative expenses increased approximately $384 to $3,337 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to $2,953 for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase is attributable primarily to increases in ~~Q3 2017.~~payroll expense of $121 and non-cash stock compensation of $194.
Interest expense: Interest expense ~~increased~~decreased by approximately ~~$3,415~~$784 to ~~$11,777~~$7,418 for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, as compared to ~~$8,362~~$8,202 for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017.~~2018. The ~~increase~~decrease is primarily due to the repayment of the Mezzanine Loan during 2018 offset by additional borrowings ~~executed as part of~~associated with our ~~2017 and 2018~~ acquisition activity ~~offset by~~during the ~~refinancing~~last six months of ~~the Torchlight Mezzanine Loan.~~2018 and first six months of 2019. The schedule below is a comparative analysis of the components of interest expense for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017.~~2018.
22
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2018 2017

Accrued interest $ 642 $ 631
Accretion of financing fees 1,192 609
Total accretion of interest and deferred interest 1,834 1,240
Cash interest paid 9,943 7,122
Total interest expense $ 11,777 $ 8,362
Six Months Ended June 30,
2019 2018

Accrued interest $ (93 ) $ 806
Amortization of debt issuance costs 508 854
Total accretion of interest and deferred interest 415 1,660
Cash interest paid 7,003 6,542
Total interest expense $ 7,418 $ 8,202
Loss on extinguishment of debt: Loss on extinguishment of debt of ~~$4,405~~$3,601 in 2018 was due to the early repayment of the ~~Torchlight~~ Mezzanine ~~Loan and~~Loan.
Change in fair value of warrant derivative: Change in fair value of warrant derivative represents the ~~MWG Loan.~~change in the fair market value of our common stock warrants. The change in the fair value of warrant derivative of $(181) for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was due to an increase in the common stock warrant liability during the first half of 2019. The change in the fair value of warrant derivative of $48 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was due to a decrease in the common stock warrant liability during the first half of 2018.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, we disclose NOI, EBITDA, FFO and AFFO, each of which meet the definition of “non-GAAP financial measure” set forth in Item 10(e) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC. As a result, we are required to include in this report a statement of why management believes that presentation of these measures provides useful information to investors.
None of NOI, EBITDA, FFO or AFFO should be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP) as an indication of our performance, and we believe that to understand our performance further NOI, EBITDA, FFO, and AFFO should be compared with our reported net income or net loss and considered in addition to cash flows in accordance with GAAP, as presented in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
NOI
We consider net operating income, or NOI, to be an appropriate supplemental measure to net income because it helps both investors and management understand the core operations of our properties. We define NOI as total revenue (including rental revenue, tenant reimbursements, management, leasing and development services revenue and other income) less property-level operating expenses including allocated overhead. NOI excludes depreciation and amortization, general and administrative expenses, impairments, gain/loss on sale of real estate, interest expense, and other non-operating items.
The following is a reconciliation from historical reported net loss, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, to NOI:
For the Three Months For the Six Months
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
NOI: 2019 2018 2019 2018
Net loss $ (2,857 ) $ (7,534 ) $ (6,456 ) $ (12,007 )
General and administrative 1,691 1,533 3,337 2,953
Depreciation and amortization 8,476 6,444 16,908 12,986
Interest expense 3,576 4,216 7,418 8,202
Loss on extinguishment of debt — 3,601 — 3,601
Change in fair value of warrant derivative 102 — 181 (48 )
Other expense (income) — (71 ) — (521 )
NOI $ 10,988 $ 8,189 $ 21,388 $ 15,166
EBITDA
(In thousands) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
September 30, September 30,
2018 2017 2018 2017
NOI:
Net loss $ (4,718 ) $ (2,839 ) $ (16,725 ) $ (9,114 )
General and administrative 1,394 1,224 4,299 3,159
Acquisition costs — 4 — 86
Depreciation and amortization 6,249 3,499 19,235 9,056
Interest expense 3,575 2,619 11,777 8,362
Loss on debt extinguishment 804 — 4,405 —
Other expense (income) (5 ) (224 ) (526 ) (226 )
NOI $ 7,299 $ 4,283 $ 22,465 $ 11,323
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We believe that earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, is helpful to investors as a supplemental measure of our operating performance as a real estate company because it is a direct measure of the actual operating results of our industrial properties. We also use this measure in ratios to compare our performance to that of our industry peers. The following table sets forth a reconciliation of our historical net loss to EBITDA for the periods ~~presented.~~presented:
For the Three Months For the Six Months
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
EBITDA: 2019 2018 2019 2018
Net loss $ (2,857 ) $ (7,534 ) $ (6,456 ) $ (12,007 )
Depreciation and amortization 8,476 6,444 16,908 12,986
Interest expense 3,576 4,216 7,418 8,202
Loss on extinguishment of debt — 3,601 — 3,601
EBITDA $ 9,195 $ 6,727 $ 17,870 $ 12,782
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(In thousands) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
September 30, September 30,
2018 2017 2018 2017
EBITDA:
Net loss $ (4,718 ) $ (2,839 ) $ (16,725 ) $ (9,114 )
Depreciation and amortization 6,249 3,499 19,235 9,056
Interest expense 3,575 2,619 11,777 8,362
Loss on debt extinguishment 804 — 4,405 —
EBITDA $ 5,910 $ 3,279 $ 18,692 $ 8,304
FFO
Funds from operations, or FFO, is a non-GAAP financial measure that is widely recognized as a measure of REIT operating performance. We consider FFO to be an appropriate supplemental measure of our operating performance as it is based on a net income analysis of property portfolio performance that excludes non-cash items such as depreciation. The historical accounting convention used for real estate assets requires straight-line depreciation of buildings and improvements, which implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values rise and fall with market conditions, presentations of operating results for a REIT, using historical accounting for depreciation, could be less informative. We define FFO, consistent with the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT, definition, as net income, computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding: gains (or losses) from sales of property, depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, impairment losses, losses on extinguishment of debt and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures will be calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis. Other equity REITs may not calculate FFO ~~(in accordance with the NAREIT definition)~~ as we do, and, accordingly, our FFO may not be comparable to such other REITs’ FFO. FFO should not be used as a measure of our liquidity, and is not indicative of funds available for our cash needs, including our ability to pay dividends. FFO attributable to common stockholders and ~~unitholders~~unit holders represents FFO reduced by dividends paid (or declared) to holders of our preferred stock.
In December 2018, NAREIT issued a white paper restating the definition of FFO. The purpose of the restatement was not to change the fundamental definition of FFO, but to clarify existing NAREIT guidance. The restated definition of FFO is a follows: Net Income (calculated in accordance with GAAP), excluding: (i) Depreciation and amortization related to real estate, (ii) Gains and losses from the sale of certain real estate assets, (iii) Gain and losses from change in control, and (iv) Impairment write-downs of certain real estate assets and investments in entities when the impairment is directly attributable to decreases in the value of depreciable real estate held by the entity. This restated definition does not give reference to the add back of loss on extinguishment of debt. Commencing on January 1, 2019, we will adopt the restated definition of NAREIT FFO on a prospective basis and will exclude the add back of loss on debt extinguishment.
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of our historical net loss to FFO attributable to common stockholders and unit holders for the periods presented:
(In thousands) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
September 30, September 30, For the Three Months For the Six Months
2018 2017 2018 2017 Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
FFO: 2019 2018 2019 2018
Net loss $ (4,718 ) $ (2,839 ) $ (16,725 ) $ (9,114 ) $ (2,857 ) $ (7,534 ) $ (6,456 ) $ (12,007 )
Depreciation and amortization 6,249 3,499 19,235 9,056 8,476 6,444 16,908 12,986
Loss on extinguishment of debt 804 — 4,405 — — 3,601 — 3,601
Gain on disposition of equity investment — (224 ) — (224 )
FFO $ 2,335 $ 436 $ 6,915 $ (282 )
FFO: $ 5,619 $ 2,511 $ 10,452 $ 4,580
Preferred stock dividends (956 ) — (2,868 ) — (1,566 ) (956 ) (3,132 ) (1,912 )
FFO attributable to common stockholders and unit holders $ 1,379 $ 436 $ 4,047 $ (282 ) $ 4,053 $ 1,555 $ 7,320 $ 2,668
AFFO
Adjusted funds from operation, or AFFO, is presented in addition to FFO. AFFO is defined as FFO, excluding certain non-cash operating revenues and expenses, acquisition and transaction related costs for transactions not completed and recurring capitalized expenditures. Recurring capitalized expenditures includes expenditures required to maintain and re-tenant our properties, tenant improvements and leasing commissions. AFFO further adjusts FFO for certain other non-cash items, including the amortization or accretion of above or below market rents included in revenues, straight line rent adjustments, impairment losses, non-cash equity compensation and non-cash interest expense.
We believe AFFO provides a useful supplemental measure of our operating performance because it provides a consistent comparison of our operating performance across time periods that is comparable for each type of real estate investment and is consistent with management’s analysis of the operating performance of our properties. As a result, we believe that the use of AFFO, together with the required GAAP presentations, provide a more complete understanding of our operating performance.
As with FFO, our reported AFFO may not be comparable to other REITs’ AFFO, should not be used as a measure of our liquidity, and is not indicative of our funds available for our cash needs, including our ability to pay dividends.
2224

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of FFO attributable to common stockholders and unit holders to ~~AFFO.~~AFFO:
(In thousands) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
September 30, September 30, For the Three Months For the Six Months
2018 2017 2018 2017 Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
AFFO: 2019 2018 2019 2018
FFO attributable to common stockholders and unit holders $ 1,379 $ 436 $ 4,047 $ (282 ) $ 4,053 $ 1,555 $ 7,320 $ 2,668
Deferred finance fee amortization 338 202 1,192 609 273 466 508 854
Non-cash interest expense (164 ) 694 642 631 (62 ) 560 (93 ) 806
Acquisition costs — 4 — 86
Stock compensation 203 207 602 243 305 200 593 400
Change in fair value of warrant derivative 102 — 181 —
Straight line rent (107 ) (32 ) (925 ) (108 ) (223 ) (461 ) (481 ) (818 )
Above/below market lease rents (247 ) (89 ) (964 ) (256 ) (344 ) (306 ) (685 ) (717 )
Recurring capital expenditures (1) (599 ) (63 ) (1,941 ) (295 )
AFFO $ 803 $ 1,359 $ 2,653 $ 628
Recurring capital expenditure (1) (687 ) (350 ) (1,246 ) (1,342 )
AFFO: $ 3,417 $ 1,664 $ 6,097 $ 1,851
_______________
(1) Excludes non-recurring capital expenditures of ~~$576~~$635 and ~~$440~~$874 for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively, and ~~$1,823~~$1,688 and ~~$453~~$1,247 for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively.
Cash Flow
A summary of our cash flows for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018 are as follows:
Nine Months Ended September 30, Six months Ended June 30,
2018 2017 2019 2018
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 5,745 $ 305 $ 7,021 $ 2,825
Net cash used in investing activities $ (46,647 ) $ (50,258 ) $ (24,488 ) $ (18,564 )
Net cash provided by financing activities $ 33,296 $ 50,570 $ 26,700 $ 8,704
Operating ~~Activities~~activities: Net cash provided by operating activities for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 increased approximately ~~$5,440~~$4,196 compared to the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017 primarily due to the reduction of the Company’s net loss, exclusive of depreciation and amortization.~~2018. The increase was primarily attributable to incremental operating cash flows from acquisitions completed ~~in the second half~~between Q3 2018 and Q2 2019 and same store properties offset by loss of ~~2017~~operating cash flows from dispositions completed between Q3 2018 and ~~2018.~~Q2 2019.
Investing ~~Activities:~~activities:Net cash used in investing activities for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018 decreased~~2019 increased approximately ~~$3,611~~$5,924 compared to the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2017~~2018 primarily due to ~~fewer~~ property acquisitions completed during the first ~~nine~~six months in ~~2018 compared~~2019 totaling $22,686 as opposed to $16,896 during the first ~~nine~~six months ~~in 2017 offset by~~of 2018 and an increase in capital expenditures as a result of our expanded ~~portfolio.~~portfolio totaling $134.
Financing ~~Activities~~activities:: Net cash provided by financing activities for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2019 was $26,700 compared to net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2018 ~~was $33,296 compared to $50,570 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.~~of $8,704. The change was ~~due~~predominately driven by the net proceeds from the issuance of common stock, offset by debt issuance costs associated with the Allianz Loan, increased dividends paid and the net pay down of the line of credit facility during the six months ended June 30, 2019; compared to proceeds from the ~~July 2018 follow-on public offering,~~Minnesota Life Loan and KeyBank Term Loan, offset by the repayment of mezzanine debt, repurchase of common shares ~~held by Torchlight~~ and debt ~~re-financing activities~~issuance costs during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018 compared to the completion of our IPO and capital restructuring activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.~~2018.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We intend to make reserve allocations as necessary to aid our objective of preserving capital for our investors by supporting the maintenance and viability of properties we acquire in the future. If reserves and any other available income become insufficient to cover our operating expenses and liabilities, it may be necessary to obtain additional funds by borrowing, refinancing properties or liquidating our investments.
Our short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds to pay for operating expenses and other expenditures directly associated with our properties, including:
· property expenses that are not borne by our tenants under our leases;
· interest expense on outstanding indebtedness;
· general and administrative expenses; and
· capital expenditures for tenant improvements and leasing commissions.
In addition, we will require funds for future dividends required to be paid on our Series A and Series B Preferred Stock.
We intend to satisfy our short-term liquidity requirements through our existing cash, cash flow from operating activities and the net proceeds of any potential future offerings.
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Our long-term liquidity needs consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for acquisitions, recurring and non-recurring capital expenditures and scheduled debt maturities. We intend to satisfy our long-term liquidity needs through cash flow from operations, long-term secured and unsecured borrowings, future issuances of equity and debt securities, property dispositions and joint venture transactions, and, in connection with acquisitions of additional properties, the issuance of OP units.
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Existing Indebtedness as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 (amounts in thousands)
AIG Loan
Certain indirect subsidiaries of ~~our~~the Operating Partnership have entered into a senior secured loan agreement with investment entities managed by AIG Asset Management (the “AIG Loan”).
As of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, there was $120,000 of indebtedness outstanding under the AIG Loan. The AIG Loan bears interest at 4.08% per annum and has a seven-year term maturing in October, 2023. The AIG Loan provides for monthly payments of interest only for the first three years of the term and thereafter monthly principal and interest payments based on a 27-year amortization period.
The borrowings under the AIG Loan are secured by first lien mortgages on the properties held by wholly-owned subsidiaries of Plymouth Industrial 20 LLC. The obligations under the AIG Loan are also guaranteed in certain circumstances by ~~our~~the Company and certain of ~~our~~the Operating Partnership’s wholly-owned subsidiaries.
The AIG Loan agreement contains customary representations and warranties, as well as affirmative and negative covenants. The negative covenants include restrictions on additional indebtedness, restrictions on liens, fundamental changes, dispositions, restricted payments, change in nature of business, transactions with affiliates and burdensome agreements. The AIG Loan contains financial covenants that require minimum liquidity and Net Worth. The AIG Loan is subject to acceleration upon certain specified events of defaults, including breaches of representations or covenants, failure to pay other material indebtedness, failure to pay taxes or a change of control of our company, as defined in the senior secured loan agreement. The Company is in compliance with the respective covenants at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019. The Company has no right to prepay all or any part of the AIG Loan before November 1, 2019. Following that date, ~~the AIG Loan~~up to three secured properties can ~~only~~ be ~~paid~~repaid in full, subject to paying a premium equal to the greater of (a) 1% of the outstanding principal and ~~a prepayment penalty would be assessed,~~(b) the present value of the note as defined in the ~~agreement.~~AIG Loan.
~~The borrowings~~Borrowings outstanding amounted to ~~$117,021~~$117,546 and ~~$116,700,~~$117,263, net of ~~$2,979~~$2,454 and ~~$3,300~~$2,737 of unamortized debt issuance costs at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively.
Minnesota Life Loan
On April 30, 2018, certain subsidiaries of our operating partnership entered into a secured loan agreement with Minnesota Life Insurance Company, or the Minnesota Life Loan, in the original principal amount of $21,500. The Minnesota Life Loan bears interest at 3.78% per annum and has a ten-year term, maturing on May 1, 2028. The Minnesota Life Loan ~~provides~~provided for monthly payments of interest only for the first year of the term and thereafter monthly principal and interest payments based on a 30-year amortization period. The borrowings under the Minnesota Life Loan are secured by first lien mortgages on seven of the Company’s properties.
The Minnesota Life Loan contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations with respect to indebtedness, liens, investments, distributions, mergers and acquisitions, dispositions of assets and transactions with affiliates. In the event of a default by the Borrowers, the agent may declare all obligations under the Minnesota Life Loan immediately due and payable and enforce any and all rights of the lender or the agent under the Minnesota Life Loan and related documents. The Company is in compliance with the respective covenants at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019.
Borrowings outstanding amounted to ~~$21,124,~~$21,096 and $21,133, net of ~~$376~~$339 and $367 of unamortized debt issuance costs at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~
~~KeyBank Term Loan~~
~~On May 23,~~2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company entered into a loan agreement with KeyBank National Association, or KeyBank, for a senior secured term loan (“KeyBank Term Loan”). The KeyBank Term Loan provides for a loan of $35,700 and matures on the earlier of (1) August 11, 2021 or (2) the date KeyBank ceases to serve as administrative agent under the KeyBank Credit Agreement. The KeyBank Term Loan bears interest, at the Company’s option, at either (1) LIBOR plus 7% or (2) KeyBank’s base rate plus 6%. Interest at September 30, 2018 was based on LIBOR plus 7%. At September 30, 2018 the one-month LIBOR was 2.26%. The KeyBank Term Loan is secured by, among other things, pledges of the equity interests in Plymouth Industrial 20 LLC and each of its property owning subsidiaries. The KeyBank Term Loan required us to use the net proceeds from the KeyBank Term Loan to repay the Torchlight Mezzanine Loan. The repayment of the Torchlight Mezzanine Loan was completed May 24, 2018.respectively.
The KeyBank Term Loan contains customary affirmative and negative covenants for term loans of this type, including limitations with respect to mergers, dispositions of assets, change of management or change of control and transactions with affiliates. The KeyBank Term Loan requires us to apply an amount equal to 25% of the net proceeds from any additional equity raised by the Company to the repayment of the KeyBank Term Loan. As of September 30, 2018, the Company has repaid $4,530 of the KeyBank Term Loan from the net proceeds of equity offerings.
The KeyBank Term Loan contains financial covenants that will require us to limit our total leverage to 72.5% of our aggregate assets for the next 18 months and thereafter reduce our total leverage ratio to 70%. The KeyBank Term Loan also requires us to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.25 to 1 and a debt service coverage ratio of 1.50 to 1. In the event of a default by the Borrowers, the agent may declare all obligations under the KeyBank Term Loan immediately due and payable and enforce any and all rights of the lender or the agent under the KeyBank Term Loan and related documents. The Company is in compliance with the respective covenants at September 30, 2018.
~~Borrowings outstanding amounted to $30,520, net of $650 of unamortized debt issuance costs at September 30, 2018.~~
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Transamerica Loan
On July 10, 2018, certain wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Borrowers”) of Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a loan agreement (the “Transamerica Loan”) with Transamerica Life Insurance Company providing for commercial mortgage loans to the Borrowers in the aggregate principal amount of $78,000. The Transamerica Loan matures on August 1, 2028 and bears interest at the fixed rate of 4.35% per annum. The promissory notes (the “Notes”) evidencing the Transamerica Loan require the Borrowers to make monthly interest-only payments through August 2019 and thereafter the Transamerica Loan requires equal monthly installments of principal plus accrued interest based on a 30-year amortization period. The ~~Borrowers’ final payments on the Transamerica Loan, due on the maturity date, shall include all outstanding principal and accrued and unpaid interest. The~~ Borrowers may repay the Transamerica Loan, ~~at any time following the first twelve full calendar months of the Transamerica Loan’s term,~~ subject to paying a premium equal to the greater of (a) 1% of the prepayment amount and (b) the “Yield Protection Amount,” as defined in the Notes.
The Transamerica Loan and the Notes contain customary events of default, including non-payment of principal or interest and bankruptcy. Any default under the Transamerica Loan or any Note will constitute a default under each of the other Notes. Each Borrower has guaranteed the payment obligations of all the other Borrowers under the Notes. There are no events of default as of June 30, 2019.
Borrowings outstanding amounted to ~~$76,962,~~$73,526 and $73,609, net of ~~$1,038~~$1,094 and $1,011 of unamortized debt issuance costs at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
26
Fisher Park Mortgage
On October 15, 2018, the Operating Partnership (the “Borrower”) assumed a mortgage (the “Fisher Park Mortgage”) with a balance of $13,907 as part of our acquisition of the property in greater Cincinnati. The Fisher Park Mortgage, held by JP Morgan Chase Bank, matures on January 1, 2027, bears interest at 5.229% and is secured by the property. The Fisher Park Mortgage requires monthly installments of principal plus accrued interest based on a 30-year amortization. As part of the allocation of the Fisher Park purchase price per ASC 805, the Company recorded a $92 premium on the assumed debt value.
The Fisher Park Mortgage contains certain financial covenants, customary events of default, including non-payment of principal or interest and bankruptcy, and certain trigger events to occur upon the Debt Service Coverage Ratio going below certain thresholds as defined within the loan agreement. There are no trigger or default events as of June 30, 2019.
Borrowings outstanding amounted to $13,749 and $13,873 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Allianz Loan
On March 21, 2019, certain wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Borrowers”) of Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a loan agreement (the “Allianz Loan”) with Allianz Life Insurance Company of North America providing for commercial mortgage loans to the Borrowers in the aggregate principal amount of $63,115. The Allianz Loan matures on April 10, 2026 and bears interest at the fixed rate of 4.07% per annum. The promissory note (the “Note”) evidencing the Allianz Loan require the Borrowers to make monthly interest-only payments through April 2022 and thereafter the Note requires equal monthly installments of principal plus accrued interest based on a 30-year amortization period. The Borrowers may repay the Allianz Loan at any time, subject to paying a premium equal to the greater of (i) one percent (1%) of the amount of the Principal Indebtedness being prepaid and (ii) the difference between (A) the present value at the time of prepayment of the remaining scheduled monthly payments plus the present value at the time of prepayment of the final installment of principal and interest due on the Maturity Date, both discounted on a monthly basis at the Index Rate (as defined in the Note), and (B) the unpaid principal balance of the Note at the time of prepayment, but not less than zero.
The Allianz Loan contains customary events of default, including non-payment of principal or interest and bankruptcy and certain trigger events to occur upon the Debt Service Coverage Ratio going below certain thresholds as defined within the loan agreement. There are no trigger or default events as of June 30, 2019.
Borrowings outstanding amounted to $62,072, net of $1,043 of unamortized debt issuance costs at June 30, 2019.
Line of Credit Agreement
On August 11, 2017 the Company’s operating partnership entered into a secured line of credit agreement ~~(“Line~~(Line of Credit ~~Agreement”)~~Agreement) with KeyBank National Association, or KeyBank and the other lenders, which matures in August 2020 with an optional extension through August 2021, subject to certain conditions. Borrowings under the Line of Credit Agreement bear interest at either (1) the base rate (determined from the highest of (a) KeyBank’s prime rate, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (c) the one month LIBOR rate plus 1.0%) or (2) LIBOR, plus, in either case, a spread between 250 and 300 basis points depending on our total leverage ratio.
~~On March 8, 2018,~~ At June 30, 2019 the ~~Company entered into an Increase Agreement to the Line of Credit Agreement to increase our revolving credit facility to $45,000. All other terms of the Line of Credit Agreement remained unchanged.~~interest rate was 5.1%.
The Line of Credit Agreement ~~consistent with the KeyBank Term Loan covenants, requires the Company to maintain certain coverage and leverage ratios and certain amounts of minimum net worth as well meet certain~~contains customary affirmative and negative and financial covenants, ~~for credit facilities of this type,~~ including limitations with respect to ~~use of proceeds,~~ indebtedness, liens, investments, distributions, mergers and ~~acquisitions, dispositions of assets and~~ transactions with ~~affiliates.~~affiliates as outlined within the Line of Credit Agreement. The Company is in compliance with ~~all~~the respective covenants at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019. The Line of Credit Agreement is secured by certain assets of the Company’s operating partnership and certain of its subsidiaries and includes a Company’s guarantee for the payment of all indebtedness under the Line of Credit Agreement. Borrowings outstanding amounted to ~~$35,133~~$0 and ~~$20,837, net of~~$28,550, offset by unamortized debt issuance costs of ~~$417 and $488~~$363 at ~~September~~December 31, 2018, respectively. Borrowings available under the Line of Credit Agreement amounted to $44,907, net of a letter of credit totaling $93, at June 30, 2019.
Stock Issuances
Universal Shelf S-3 Registration Statement
The Company has approximately $432,965 remaining to be issued under its Form S-3 registration statement filed on July 30, 2018 ~~and December 31, 2017, respectively.~~with the SEC. The registration statement allows the Company to offer debt or equity securities (or a combination thereof) from time to time.
During May 2019, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of 3,425,000 shares of common stock, including 425,000 shares of common stock issued upon exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $55,857.
ATM Program
On August 24, 2018, the Company filed a prospectus supplement to its registration statement on Form S-3, which enabled the Company, at its discretion from time to time, to sell up to $50,000 worth of shares of its common stock by way of an “at-the-market” offering (the “$50,000 ATM program”). For the three months ending June 30, 2019, the Company has sold 147,017 shares of its common stock under the $50,000 ATM program for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $2,416. For the six months ending June 30, 2019, the Company has sold 425,319 shares of its common stock under the $50,000 ATM program for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $6,931. The Company has approximately $42,903 remaining to be issued under the $50,000 ATM program.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

~~We have~~The Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements.

Inflation

The majority of our leases are either triple net or provide for tenant reimbursement for costs related to real estate taxes and operating expenses. In addition, most of the leases provide for fixed rent increases. We believe that inflationary increases may be at least partially offset by the contractual rent increases and tenant payment of taxes and expenses described above. We do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our historical financial position or results of operations.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK (amounts in thousands)

We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates. Interest rate exposure relates primarily to the effect of interest rate changes on borrowings outstanding under our Line of Credit Agreement, ~~and KeyBank Term Loan agreement,~~ which bear interest at a variable rate.

At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, we had ~~$66,720~~$0 of outstanding variable rate debt, which ~~were~~was subject to a weighted average interest rate of ~~6.01%~~5.49% during the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019. Based on the variable rate borrowings outstanding ~~as of September~~during the three months ended June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, we estimate that had the average interest rate on our weighted average borrowings increased by 100 basis points for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, our interest expense for the quarter would have increased by approximately ~~$167.~~$47. This estimate assumes the interest rate of each borrowing is raised by 100 basis points. The impact on future interest expense as a result of future changes in interest rates will depend largely on the gross amount of our borrowings at that time.

Interest Rate Risk (amounts in thousands)

ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (formerly known as SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and hedging Activities, as amended by SFAS No. 138, Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Certain Hedging Activities), requires us to recognize all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. Derivatives that are not hedges must be adjusted to fair value and the changes in fair value must be reflected as income or expense. If the derivative is a hedge, depending on the nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of derivatives are either offset against the change in fair value of the hedged assets, liabilities, or firm commitments through earnings or recognized in other comprehensive income, which is a component of stockholders’ equity. The ineffective portion of a derivative’s change in fair value is immediately recognized in earnings.

The Company uses an interest rate cap as a derivative instrument to manage interest rate risk and is recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. The interest rate cap is not designated as a hedging instrument and changes in fair value ~~is mark~~are marked to market through earnings. The input values used in the fair value measurement of the interest rate cap were obtained using quoted market prices for similar assets in markets that are not active and therefore are, classified as Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the interest rate cap is estimated based on ~~discounting future cash flows~~using interest rates that management believes reflect the risks associated with debt instruments of similar risk and duration. The fair value of the interest rate cap agreement was $0 at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018.~~2019. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019 the one-month LIBOR was ~~2.26%~~2.40%.

Related to this interest rate cap agreement, a 100 basis point increase above LIBOR ~~being~~of 4% will decrease our interest expense by approximately $798 per annum.

As discussed in Note 5 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, the MWG Loan Agreement was paid in full as of July 10, 2018. The key terms of the interest rate cap agreement with J.P. Morgan remained in place after the repayment of the MWG Loan Agreement and it continues to have a maturity date of December 1, 2019.

No assurance can be given that any future hedging activities by us will have the desired beneficial effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

~~Disclosure Controls and Procedures~~

~~(a)~~ Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

~~Disclosure~~Our management has evaluated, under supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) ~~are designed~~as of June 30, 2019. Based on the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that for the period ending June 30, 2019, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in ~~the~~SEC rules and forms and ~~rules of the SEC and that such information~~ is accumulated and communicated to our management ~~including the CEO, in a manner~~as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

In connection with the preparation of this Form 10-Q, our management, including the CEO, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2018. As described below, management identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, which is an integral component of our disclosure controls and procedures. As a result management has concluded that, as of September 30, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective.

~~(b) Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting~~

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). The term “internal control over financial reporting” is defined as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the registrant’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the registrant’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

	•	~~pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the registrant;~~
	•	provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the registrant are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the registrant; and
	•	provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the registrant’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Our internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and board of directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. In addition, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal control may vary over time.

As of September 30, 2018, management has not completed a proper monitoring of the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting based on the 2013 Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) framework. Management concluded that, during the period covered by this report, that our internal controls and procedures were not effective.

~~The specific material weaknesses that management identified in our internal controls as of September 30, 2018 is as follows:~~

~~Due to limited accounting resources the Company has not fully tested existing controls to meet the requirements of COSO’s 2013 framework.~~

Company’s management concluded that in light of the material weakness described above, our Company did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2018 based on the criteria set forth in the 2013 framework issued by the COSO.

~~(c) Remediation~~

During the fourth quarter of 2017 the Company initiated a full review and evaluation of key processes and procedures, and completion of documentation that can be monitored and tested independently. The documentation process has been completed and initial testing has commenced. Management expects the remediation of the current material weakness through testing activities to be completed in between the fourth quarter of 2018 and the year ending December 31, 2019.

If the remedial measures described above are insufficient to address the identified material weakness or are not implemented effectively, or additional deficiencies arise in the future, material misstatements in our interim or annual financial statements may occur in the future. Among other things, any unremediated material weakness could result in material post-closing adjustments in future financial statements.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting or in other factors during the quarter ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018,~~2019, that have materially affected, or were reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The nature of our business exposes our properties, us and our operating partnership to the risk of claims and litigation in the normal course of business. Other than routine litigation arising out of the ordinary course of business, we are not presently subject to any material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any material litigation threatened against us.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Not applicable.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

2829

Item 6. Exhibits

~~Exhibit No.~~	~~Description~~

~~1.1~~10.1	~~Distribution~~Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated ~~August 24, 2018,~~as of June 19, 2019, by and ~~among~~between Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.~~, Plymouth Industrial OP, LP, D.A. Davidson & Co., KeyBank Capital Markets Inc.~~ and ~~National Securities Corporation~~Jeffrey E. Witherell ~~(incorporated~~(incorporated by reference to Exhibit ~~1.1~~10.1 to ~~Company’s~~the Company's Current ~~Report~~Reports on Form 8-K (File No. 333-38106) filed on ~~August~~June 24, ~~2018)~~2019 (the “Current Report”))*

~~10.1~~10.2	~~Loan~~Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of ~~July 10, 2018,~~June 19, 2019, by and ~~among Transamerica Life Insurance Company~~between Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. and ~~the Borrowers named therein~~Pendleton P. White, Jr. ~~(incorporated~~(incorporated by reference to Exhibit ~~10.1~~10.2 to the ~~Company’s~~ Current ~~Report on Form 8-K (Filed No. 333-38106) filed on July 16, 2018)~~Report)*

10.3	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of June 19, 2019, by and between Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. and Daniel C. Wright(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report)*

10.4	Change in Control Severance Agreement, dated as of June 19, 2019, by and between Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. and Jeffrey E. Witherell(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Current Report)*

10.5	Change in Control Severance Agreement, dated as of June 19, 2019, by and between Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. and Pendleton P. White, Jr.(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Current Report)*

10.6	Change in Control Severance Agreement, dated as of June 19, 2019, by and between Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. and Daniel C. Wright(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Current Report)*

31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of ~~2002~~2002

31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of ~~2002~~2002

32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of ~~2002~~2002

32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of ~~2002~~2002

101.INS	XBRL Instance

101.XSD	XBRL Schema

101.CAL	XBRL Calculation

101.DEF	XBRL Definition

101.LAB	XBRL Label

101.PRE	XBRL Presentation

____________

* Management contract or compensation plan or arrangement.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on our behalf by the undersigned, hereunto duly authorized.

PLYMOUTH INDUSTRIAL REIT, INC.

By:/s/ Jeffrey E. Witherell

Jeffrey E. Witherell,

Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors

By:/s/ Daniel C. Wright

Daniel Wright,

Chief Financial Officer

Dated: ~~November 12, 2018~~

August 7, 2019

Balance at January 1, 2018	$	160
Change in fair value		(48	)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	112

	Cash Distributions Declared per OP Unit			Aggregate Amount
2019
First quarter	$	0.375		$	393
Second quarter	$	0.375		$	393
2018
First quarter	$	0.375		$	158
Second quarter	$	0.375		$	158
Third quarter	$	0.375		$	158
Fourth quarter	$	0.375	⁽¹⁾	$	357

	Shares
Unvested restricted stock at January 1, ~~2018~~2019		~~163,157~~124,051
Granted		~~3,000~~82,587
Forfeited		—
Vested		(~~40,528~~49,614	)
Unvested restricted stock at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2018~~2019		~~125,629~~157,024

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine months Ended September 30,						Three months Ended June 30,						Six months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2019			2018			2019			2018
Numerator
Net loss	$	(4,718	)	$	(2,839	)	$	(16,725	)	$	(9,114	)	$	(2,857	)	$	(7,534	)	$	(6,456	)	$	(12,007	)
Less: loss attributable to non-controlling interest		(417	)		(157	)		(1,709	)		(4,831	)		(380	)		(829	)		(1,033	)		(1,292	)
Net loss attributable to Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.		(4,301	)		(2,682	)		(15,016	)		(4,283	)		(2,477	)		(6,705	)		(5,423	)		(10,715	)
Less: Series A Preferred dividend		956			—			2,868			—
Less: Preferred stock dividends														1,566			956			3,132			1,912
Less: Series B Preferred stock accretion to redemption value														1,901			—			3,801			—
Less: amount allocated to participating securities		48			—			155			—			58			46			115			107
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(5,305	)	$	(2,682	)	$	(18,039	)	$	(4,283	)		(6,002	)	$	(7,707	)	$	(12,471	)	$	(12,734	)

Denominator
Weighted-average common shares outstanding basic and diluted		4,350,687			3,636,023			3,801,900			1,642,394			6,835,878			3,400,012			5,787,600			3,522,959

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders – basic and diluted	$	(1.22	)	$	(0.74	)	$	(4.74	)	$	(2.61	)	$	(0.88	)	$	(2.27	)	$	(2.15	)	$	(3.61	)

	•	the competitive environment in which we operate;
	•	real estate risks, including fluctuations in real estate values and the general economic climate in local markets and competition for tenants in such markets;
	•	decreased rental rates or increasing vacancy rates;
	•	potential defaults on or non-renewal of leases by tenants;
	•	potential bankruptcy or insolvency of tenants;
	•	acquisition risks, including failure of such acquisitions to perform in accordance with projections;
	•	the timing of acquisitions and dispositions;
	•	potential natural disasters such as earthquakes, wildfires or floods;
	•	national, international, regional and local economic conditions;
	•	the general level of interest rates;
	•	potential changes in the law or governmental regulations that affect us and interpretations of those laws and regulations, including changes in real estate and zoning or REIT tax laws, and potential increases in real property tax rates;
	•	financing risks, including the risks that our cash flows from operations may be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest and we may be unable to refinance our existing debt upon maturity or obtain new financing on attractive terms or at all;
	•	lack of or insufficient amounts of insurance;
	•	our ability to maintain our qualification as a REIT;
	•	litigation, including costs associated with prosecuting or defending claims and any adverse outcomes; and
	•	possible environmental liabilities, including costs, fines or penalties that may be incurred due to necessary remediation of contamination of properties presently owned or previously owned by us.

Year	Type	Square Footage		% of Total Square Footage		Expiring Rent		New Rent		% Change		Tenant Improvements $/SF/YR		Lease Commissions $/SF/YR

2017	Renewals		234,679		84.1%	$	4.25	$	4.51		6.2%	$	0.07	$	0.13
	New Leases		44,268		15.9%	$	2.16	$	3.00		38.7%	$	0.41	$	0.27
	Total		278,947		100.0%	$	3.92	$	4.27		9.1%	$	0.13	$	0.15

2018	Renewals		394,959		29.6%	$	6.39	$	6.01		-6.0%	$	0.25	$	0.15
	New Leases		941,527		70.4%	$	2.87	$	3.31		15.3%	$	0.39	$	0.22
	Total		1,336,486		100.0%	$	3.91	$	4.10		5.0%	$	0.35	$	0.20

Total	Renewals		629,638		39.0%	$	5.59	$	5.45		-2.5%	$	0.18	$	0.14
	New Leases		985,795		61.0%	$	2.84	$	3.29		16.0%	$	0.39	$	0.22
	Total		1,615,433		100.0%	$	3.91	$	4.13		5.6%	$	0.31	$	0.19

	·	~~Going concern~~
	·	Real estate property acquisitions, capitalization and depreciation
	·	Income taxes
	·	Amortization of deferred lease intangibles – assets and liabilities
	·	Impairment of Long-lived assets
	·	Consolidation

	Same Store Portfolio									Acquisitions								Total Portfolio											Same Store Portfolio									Acquisitions/Dispositions								Total Portfolio
	Three months ended September 30,				Change					Three months ended September 30,				Change				Three months ended September 30,						Change					Three months ended June 30,				Change					Three months ended June 30,				Change				Three months ended June 30,						Change
	2018		2017		$			%		2018		2017		$		%		2018			2017			$			%		2019		2018		$			%		2019		2018		$		%		2019			2018			$			%
Revenue:
Rental revenue	$	3,317	$	3,644		(327	)		-9.0%	$	5,425	$	1,054	$	4,371		415%	$	8,742		$	4,698		$	4,044			86.1%	$	11,776		11,514		262			2.3%		5,246		462		4,784		1035%		17,022			11,976			5,046			42.1%
Tenant recoveries		1,291		1,392		(101	)		-7.3%		1,615		352		1,263		358%		2,906			1,744			1,162			66.6%
Other revenue																														—		71		(71	)		-100%		—		—		—		—		—			71			(71	)		-100%
Total revenues		4,608		5,036		(428	)		-8.5%		7,040		1,406		5,634		401%		11,648			6,442			5,206			80.8%		11,776		11,585		191			1.6%		5,246		462		4,784		1035%		17,022			12,047			4,975			41.3%

Property expenses		1,707		1,606		101			6.3%		2,642		553		2,089		377%		4,349			2,159			2,190			101.3%		4,636		3,590		1,046			29.1%		1,398		197		1,201		610%		6,034			3,787			2,247			59.3%
Depreciation and amortization																			6,249			3,499			2,750			78.6%																			8,476			6,444			2,032			31.5%
General and administrative																			1,394			1,224			170			13.9%																			1,691			1,533			158			10.3%
Acquisition costs																			—			4			(4	)		-100.0%
Total operating expenses																			11,992			6,886			5,106			74.2%																			16,201			11,764			4,437			37.7%

Other operating revenue																			5			224			(219	)		-97.8%

Operating profit/(loss)																			(339	)		(220	)		(119	)		54.2%

Other income (expense):
Interest expense																			(3,575	)		(2,619	)		(956	)		36.5%																			(3,576	)		(4,216	)		640			-15.2%
Loss on extinguishment of debt																			(804	)		—			(804	)		—																			—			(3,601	)		3,601			-100%
Change in fair value of warrant derivative																																															(102	)		—			(102	)		100%
Total other income (expense)																			(4,379	)		(2,619	)		(1,760	)		67.2%																			(3,678	)		(7,817	)		4,139			52.9%

Net loss																		$	(4,718	)	$	(2,839	)	$	(1,879	)		66.2%																		$	(2,857	)		(7,534	)		4,677			-62.1%

(In thousands)	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
NOI:
Net loss	$	(4,718	)	$	(2,839	)	$	(16,725	)	$	(9,114	)
General and administrative		1,394			1,224			4,299			3,159
Acquisition costs		—			4			—			86
Depreciation and amortization		6,249			3,499			19,235			9,056
Interest expense		3,575			2,619			11,777			8,362
Loss on debt extinguishment		804			—			4,405			—
Other expense (income)		(5	)		(224	)		(526	)		(226	)
NOI	$	7,299		$	4,283		$	22,465		$	11,323

	·	property expenses that are not borne by our tenants under our leases;
	·	interest expense on outstanding indebtedness;
	·	general and administrative expenses; and
	·	capital expenditures for tenant improvements and leasing commissions.