UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.DC 20549

 


 

FORM 10-Q

 


 

(Mark One)

xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly period ended March 31, 2004

OR

¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

x    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period fromto

 

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2003.000-32743

(Commission File Number)


 

OR

¨    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROMTO.

Commission File Number: 000-32743

TELLIUM,ZHONE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(Exact name of Registrantregistrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware 22-3509099

(State or Other Jurisdictionother jurisdiction of

Incorporationincorporation or Organization)organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)Number)

7001 Oakport Street

Oakland, California

94621
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip code)

 

2 Crescent Place

Oceanport, New Jersey 07757-0901

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(732) 923-4100(510) 777-7000

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)telephone number, including area code)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d)15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

 

Yesx    No¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

 

Yes¨    Nox                        No  ¨

 

As of SeptemberApril 30, 2003,2004, there were 116,901,95478,127,000 shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share.Registrant’s Common Stock issued and outstanding.

 



TELLIUM, INC.Zhone Technologies, Inc.

FORM 10-Q

Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2004

 

INDEXTable of Contents

 

Part I.

  Page No.

PART I.  FINANCIAL INFORMATIONFinancial Information   

Item 1.

  Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited):   
   Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2003at March 31, 2004 and December 31, 20022003  3
2
   Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30,three months ended March 31, 2004 and March 31, 2003 and September 30, 2002 and for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2003 and September 30, 2002  4
3
   Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 20035

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30,three months ended March 31, 2004 and March 31, 2003 and September 30, 2002

  6
4
   Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements  7
5

Item 2.

  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations  12
15

Item 3.

  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk  27
36

Item 4.

  Controls and Procedures  28
PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION36

Part II.

Other Information

Item 1.

  Legal Proceedings  28
37

Item 2.

  Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds  29
38

Item 3.

  Defaults Upon Senior Securities  29
38

Item 4.

  Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders  29
38

Item 5.

  Other Information  29
38

Item 6.

  Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K  2938

Signatures

  31Signature40

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item 1.Financial Statements

Item 1.  ZHONE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except par value)

 

   March 31,
2004


  December 31,
2003


 
   (unaudited)    
Assets         

Current assets:

         

Cash and cash equivalents

  $45,096  $32,547 

Short-term investments

   44,888   65,709 

Accounts receivable, net of allowances for sales returns and doubtful accounts of $2,679 and $3,505, respectively

   13,470   10,693 

Inventories

   28,419   24,281 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

   2,949   3,905 
   


 


Total current assets

   134,822   137,135 

Property and equipment, net

   22,238   22,585 

Goodwill

   100,337   100,337 

Other acquisition-related intangible assets, net

   11,102   12,877 

Restricted cash

   622   622 

Other assets

   996   1,013 
   


 


Total assets

  $270,117  $274,569 
   


 


Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity         

Current liabilities:

         

Accounts payable

  $19,276  $19,998 

Line of credit

   14,500   4,800 

Current portion of long-term debt

   878   1,351 

Accrued and other liabilities

   22,279   28,685 
   


 


Total current liabilities

   56,933   54,834 

Long-term debt, less current portion

   31,803   32,040 

Other long-term liabilities

   678   816 
   


 


Total liabilities

   89,414   87,690 
   


 


Stockholders’ equity:

         

Common stock, $0.001 par value. Authorized 900,000 shares; issued and outstanding 78,108 and 76,629 shares as of March 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, respectively

   78   77 

Additional paid-in capital

   794,082   787,567 

Notes receivable from stockholders

   (550)  (550)

Deferred compensation

   (3,716)  (4,444)

Other comprehensive loss

   (49)  (14)

Accumulated deficit

   (609,142)  (595,757)
   


 


Total stockholders’ equity

   180,703   186,879 
   


 


Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

  $270,117  $274,569 
   


 


TELLIUM,ZHONE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSUnaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

 

   

December 31,

2002


  

September 30,

2003


 
ASSETS         
CURRENT ASSETS:         

Cash and cash equivalents

  $171,019,242  $140,914,409 

Accounts receivable

   12,938   15,133,392 

Inventories

   13,744,549   9,193,943 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

   2,289,880   2,643,899 
   


 


Total current assets

   187,066,609   167,885,643 

Property and equipment—net

   40,533,504   24,368,026 

Other assets

   753,657   748,773 
   


 


Total assets

  $228,353,770  $193,002,442 
   


 


LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY         
CURRENT LIABILITIES:         

Trade accounts payable

  $2,977,881  $5,585,709 

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

   21,922,749   13,158,363 

Current portion of notes payable

   —     1,732,094 

Current portion of capital lease obligations

   72,687   62,689 

Bank line of credit

   8,000,000   8,000,000 
   


 


Total current liabilities

   32,973,317   28,538,855 

Long-term portion of notes payable

   540,000   —   

Long term portion of capital lease obligations

   51,827   7,521 

Other long-term liabilities

   376,256   317,074 
   


 


Total liabilities

   33,941,400   28,863,450 
   


 


Commitments and contingencies

         
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:         

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 25,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2002 and September 30, 2003, 0 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2002 and September 30, 2003

   —     —   

Common stock, $0.001 par value, 900,000,000 shares authorized, 116,494,448 and 124,310,249 issued as of December 31, 2002 and September 30, 2003, and 114,044,447 and 116,901,954 legally outstanding as of December 31, 2002 and September 30, 2003

   116,495   124,311 

Additional paid-in capital

   1,008,592,465   1,026,586,700 

Accumulated deficit

   (779,931,974)      (844,434,195)

Deferred employee compensation

   (20,424,253)  (4,599,161)

Common stock in treasury, at cost, 17,073,851 and 16,301,351 shares as of December 31, 2002 and September 30, 2003

   (13,940,363)  (13,538,663)
   


 


Total stockholders’ equity

   194,412,370   164,138,992 
   


 


TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY  $228,353,770  $193,002,442 
   


 


(In thousands, except per share data)

   

Three Months Ended

March 31,


 
   2004

  2003

 

Net revenue

  $21,033  $17,075 

Cost of revenue

   11,898   9,748 

Stock-based compensation

   82   (445)
   


 


Gross profit

   9,053   7,772 
   


 


Operating expenses:

         

Research and product development (excluding non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $216 and $(1,263))

   5,953   5,744 

Sales and marketing (excluding non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $159 and $(1,052))

   4,682   4,277 

General and administrative (excluding non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $153 and $(255))

   2,482   765 

Purchased in-process research and development

   6,185   —   

Stock-based compensation

   528   (2,570)

Amortization and impairment of intangible assets

   2,078   1,784 
   


 


Total operating expenses

   21,908   10,000 
   


 


Operating loss

   (12,855)  (2,228)

Other income (expense), net

   (434)  (533)
   


 


Loss before income taxes

   (13,289)  (2,761)

Income tax provision

   96   41 
   


 


Net loss

   (13,385)  (2,802)

Accretion on preferred stock (Note 5)

   —     (10,618)
   


 


Net loss applicable to holders of common stock

  $(13,385) $(13,420)
   


 


Basic and diluted net loss per share applicable to holders of common stock

  $(0.17) $(2.07)

Weighted average shares outstanding used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share applicable to holders of common stock

   77,266   6,490 

All per share amounts have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the one-for-ten reverse split of common stock and the effect of the Tellium merger. (See Note 1(b)).

 

See Notesaccompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.condensed consolidated financial statements.

TELLIUM,ZHONE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

   

Three Months Ended

September 30,


  

Nine Months Ended

September 30,


 
   2002

  2003

  2002

  2003

 
REVENUE  $1,946,874  $4,913,104  $59,080,882  $25,168,269 

Non-cash charges related to equity issuances

   495,702   —     36,651,557   —   
   


 


 


 


REVENUE, net of non-cash charges related to equity issuances

   1,451,172   4,913,104   22,429,325   25,168,269 
COST OF REVENUE   14,238,292   4,840,356   71,335,808   20,049,259 
   


 


 


 


Gross profit

   (12,787,120)  72,748   (48,906,483)  5,119,010 
   


 


 


 


OPERATING EXPENSES:                 

Research and development, excluding stock-based compensation

   7,801,870   5,921,240   35,568,853   17,365,309 

Sales and marketing, excluding stock-based compensation

   3,341,152   1,759,574   15,044,517   6,111,038 

General and administrative, excluding stock-based compensation

   7,511,920   5,972,393   23,374,729   17,706,051 

Amortization of intangible assets and goodwill

   136,467   —     6,931,956   —   

Stock-based compensation expense

   83,138,716   3,609,054   106,151,071   25,232,580 

Impairment of goodwill

   —     —     58,433,967   —   

Restructuring and impairment of long-lived assets

   —     (1,865,000)  64,535,388   5,527,310 
   


 


 


 


Total operating expenses

   101,930,125   15,397,261   310,040,481   71,942,288 
   


 


 


 


OPERATING LOSS

   (114,717,245)      (15,324,513)      (358,946,964)      (66,823,278)
   


 


 


 


OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):

                 

Other income (expense) – net

   (3,363)  9,842   (7,449)  1,036,342 

Interest income

   858,303   415,120   3,330,447   1,475,444 

Interest expense

   (130,219)  (24,029)  (637,262)  (190,729)
   


 


 


 


Total other income

   724,721   400,933   2,685,736   2,321,057 
   


 


 


 


NET LOSS  $(113,992,524) $(14,923,580) $(356,261,228) $(64,502,221)
   


 


 


 


BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE  $(1.15) $(0.14) $(3.41) $(0.64)
   


 


 


 


BASIC AND DILUTED WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING   99,294,044   103,050,272   104,539,391   100,803,587 
   


 


 


 


STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION EXPENSE                 

Cost of revenue

  $7,154,531  $675,857  $10,089,318  $5,254,638 

Research and development

   48,628,985   734,892   63,679,884   4,719,346 

Sales and marketing

   15,854,233   1,270,019   21,132,167   9,734,285 

General and administrative

   18,655,498   1,604,143   21,339,020   10,778,949 

Restructuring

   —     —     1,445,696   —   
   


 


 


 


   $90,293,247  $4,284,911  $117,686,085  $30,487,218 
   


 


 


 


See Notes toUnaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

TELLIUM, INC.Statements of Cash Flows

 

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)(In thousands)

 

   Common Stock

  Treasury Stock

  Additional Paid-
in Capital


 
   Shares

  Amount

  Shares

  Amount

  
JANUARY 1, 2003  116,494,448     $116,495      17,073,851(1) $(13,940,363) $1,008,592,465 

Issuance of common stock

  1,719,333   1,719   —     —     242,978 

Exercise of stock options and warrants

  6,096,468   6,097   —     —     3,490,831 

Forfeiture of unvested stock options

  —     —     —     —     (486,711)

Deferred compensation

  —     —     —     —     14,370,677 

Amortization of deferred compensation

  —     —     —     —     —   

Warrant and option cost

  —     —     —     —     376,460 

Repurchase of restricted stock

  —     —     (772,500)  401,700      —   

Net loss

  —     —     —     —     —   
   

 


 


 


 


SEPTEMBER 30, 2003  124,310,249  $124,311   16,301,351         $(13,538,663) $1,026,586,700 
   

 


 


 


 


         Accumulated
Deficit


  Deferred
Compensation


  Stockholders’
Equity


 
JANUARY 1, 2003         $(779,931,974) $(20,424,253) $194,412,370 

Issuance of common stock

          —     —     244,697 

Exercise of stock options and warrants

          —     —     3,496,928 

Forfeiture of unvested stock options

          —     471,583   (15,128)

Deferred compensation

          —     (14,370,677)  —   

Amortization of deferred compensation

          —     29,724,186   29,724,186 

Warrant and option cost

          —     —     376,460 

Repurchase of restricted stock

          —     —     401,700 

Net loss

          (64,502,221)  —     (64,502,221)
          


 


 


SEPTEMBER 30, 2003         $(844,434,195) $(4,599,161) $164,138,992 
          


 


 



(1)Of these shares, 8,943,056 are legally outstanding shares of common stock, which have been treated as treasury stock for financial statement purposes.
   Three months ended
March 31,


 
   2004

  2003

 

Cash flows from operating activities:

         

Net loss

  $(13,385) $(2,802)

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

         

Depreciation and amortization

   2,331   2,225 

Stock-based compensation

   610   (3,015)

Purchased in-process research and development

   6,185   —   

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions:

         

Accounts receivable

   (2,777)  6,647 

Inventories

   (4,138)  (235)

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

   956   (157)

Other assets

   17   (68)

Accounts payable

   (722)  (1,584)

Accrued liabilities and other

   (6,484)  (4,430)
   


 


Net cash used in operating activities

   (17,407)  (3,419)
   


 


Cash flows from investing activities:

         

Purchases of property and equipment

   (66)  (16)

Purchases of short-term and other investments

   (48,966)  —   

Proceeds from sale and maturities of short-term investments

   69,790   —   

Cash payments related to acquisitions

   (650)  —   
   


 


Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

   20,108   (16)
   


 


Cash flows from financing activities:

         

Net borrowings (payments) under credit facilities

   9,700   (2,639)

Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants, net of repurchases

   896   7 

Repayment of debt

   (710)  (1,157)
   


 


Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

   9,886   (3,789)
   


 


Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

   (38)  14 
   


 


Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

   12,549   (7,210)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

   32,547   10,614 
   


 


Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

  $45,096  $3,404 
   


 


Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:

         

Non-cash investing and financing activities:

         

Common stock issued for acquisition

  $5,738  $—   

Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock issued for acquisition

   —     10,125 

 

See Notesaccompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.condensed consolidated financial statements.

TELLIUM,ZHONE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

   

Nine Months Ended

September 30,


 
   2002

  2003

 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:         

Net loss

  $(356,261,228)     $(64,502,221)

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

         

Depreciation and amortization

   23,783,063   14,567,348 

Write down of impaired assets

   157,983,967   656,156 

Provision for doubtful accounts

   690,029   —   

Amortization of deferred compensation expense

   89,469,783   29,709,058 

Amortization of deferred warrant cost

   7,851,557   —   

Warrant and option cost related to third parties

   27,734,572   778,160 

Changes in assets and liabilities:

         

Decrease in due from stockholder

   802,623   —   

Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable

   23,541,419   (15,120,454)

Decrease in inventories

   20,569,605   5,559,654 

Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other current assets

   203,083   (354,019)

Decrease in other assets

   521,055   4,884 

Increase (decrease) in accounts payable

   (7,599,518)  2,607,828 

Decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities

   (14,176,224)  (8,764,585)

Increase (decrease) in other long-term liabilities

   112,024   (59,182)
   


 


Net cash used in operating activities

   (24,774,190)  (34,917,173)
   


 


CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:         

Purchase of property and equipment

   (5,658,406)  (67,075)
   


 


CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:         

Principal payments on debt and line of credit borrowings

   (515,859)  (740,791)

Principal payments on capital lease obligations

   (76,418)  (54,304)

Proceeds from short-term borrowings

   —     1,932,885 

Repurchase of warrants

   (5,500,000)  —   

Issuance of common stock

   1,045,227   3,741,625 
   


 


Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

   (5,047,050)  4,879,415 
   


 


NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS   (35,479,646)  (30,104,833)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD   218,708,074   171,019,242 
   


 


CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD  $183,228,428  $140,914,409 
   


 


SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION         

Cash paid for interest

  $637,262  $190,729 
   


 


See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

TELLIUM, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(1)Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

1.(a)DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONDescription of Business

 

We design, develop,Zhone Technologies, Inc. and market high-speed, high-capacity, intelligent optical switching solutions that enablesubsidiaries (“the Company”) designs, develops and markets telecommunications hardware and software products for network service providers. The Company has developed an integrated hardware and software architecture designed to simplify the way network service providers deliver communication services to quicklytheir subscribers. The Company’s products enable service providers to use their existing networks to deliver voice, video, data, and cost-effectively deliver new high-speed services. Our product line consistsentertainment services to their customers. The Company was incorporated under the laws of several hardware productsthe state of Delaware in June 1999. The Company began operations in September 1999 and related software tools.is headquartered in Oakland, California.

(b)Basis of Presentation

 

The continued deteriorating conditions in the telecommunications industry has hindered our ability to secure additional customers and has caused current customers’ purchases to decline. As a result, on January 9, 2003, we announced a business restructuring plan designed to decrease our operating expenses. During the first quarter of 2003, we recorded a restructuring charge of approximately $6.7 million associated with a workforce reduction of approximately 130 employees. These charges included approximately $3.2 million for severance and extended benefits and $3.5 million for the consolidation of excess facilities, resulting in non-cancelable lease costs.

We also completed an assessment of the current carrying value of fixed assets on our balance sheet during the first quarter of 2003. Our analysis resulted in a write off of approximately $0.7 million related to these assets, which were idled as a result of our restructuring and for which management has a committed plan of disposal.

On July 28, 2003, Tellium and Zhone Technologies, Inc. (“Zhone”) announced that they had entered into a definitive merger agreement.

Under the terms of the agreement, the security holders of Zhone would receive 60% of the combined company’s outstanding fully-converted shares at closing and the security holders of Tellium would continue to hold the remaining 40% of the combined company’s outstanding fully-converted shares as of closing. The exact number of shares Tellium will issue will depend on Tellium’s fully-converted shares outstanding immediately prior to closing. The proposed stock-for-stock transaction is intended to qualify as tax-free to the stockholders of Tellium and Zhone.

The transaction is subject to the approval of each company’s security holders, regulatory review, as well as other customary closing conditions. The transaction is expected to close on or about November 13, 2003 or as soon thereafter as is practicable.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein for Tellium have been prepared by us pursuant to the rulesare unaudited and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. In our opinion, the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments which we consideradjustments) that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for thea fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the current interim periods covered and of our financial position at the date of the interim balance sheet. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. However, we believe that the disclosures are adequate to understand the information presented. The operating results for interim periodsperiod are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for the entire year.current year or any other period. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related footnotesnotes thereto included in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003.

In July 2002, in conjunction with the Company’s equity restructuring, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a ratio of one-for-ten (the “Reverse Split”), causing each outstanding share of common stock to convert automatically into one-tenth of a share of common stock. In November 2003, the Company consummated its merger with Tellium, Inc. (“Tellium”). As a result of the merger with Tellium, stockholders of Zhone prior to the merger received 0.47 shares of Tellium common stock for each outstanding share of Zhone common stock, following the conversion of all outstanding shares of Zhone preferred stock into Zhone common stock. Immediately following the exchange, the combined company was renamed Zhone.

For accounting purposes, the merger with Tellium was treated as a reverse merger, in which Zhone was treated as the acquirer based on factors including the relative voting rights, board control, and senior management composition. The financial statements of the combined company after the merger reflect the financial results of Zhone on a historical basis after giving effect to the merger exchange ratio to historical share-related data. The results of operations for Tellium were included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed withZhone’s results of operations from the Securitieseffective date of the merger.

Stockholders’ equity has been restated to give retroactive recognition to the Reverse Split and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2003.

the effect of the Tellium merger for all periods presented by reclassifying the excess par value resulting from the reduced number of shares from common stock to paid-in capital. All references to preferred share, common share and per common share amounts for all periods presented have been retroactively restated to reflect the Reverse Split and the effect of the Tellium merger.

 

2.(c)SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

(d)Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when the earnings process is complete. The Company recognizes product revenue upon shipment of product under contractual terms which transfer title to customers upon shipment, under normal credit terms, or under sales-type leases, net of estimated sales returns and allowances at the time of shipment. Revenue is deferred if there are significant post-delivery obligations, if collection is not considered reasonably assured at the time of sale, or if the fees are not fixed or determinable. When significant post-delivery obligations exist, revenue is deferred until such

obligations are fulfilled. The Company’s arrangements generally do not have any significant post-delivery obligations. The Company offers products and services such as support, education and training, hardware upgrades and extended warranty coverage. For multiple element revenue arrangements, the Company establishes the fair value of these products and services based primarily on sales prices when the products and services are sold separately. When collectibility is not reasonably assured, revenue is recognized when cash is collected. Revenue from education services and support services is recognized over the contract term or as the service is performed. The Company makes certain sales to product distributors. These customers are given certain privileges to return a portion of inventory. The Company recognizes revenue on sales to distributors that have contractual return rights when the products have been sold by the distributors, unless there is sufficient customer specific sales and sales returns history to support revenue recognition upon shipment. Revenue from sales of software products is recognized provided that a purchase order has been received, the software has been shipped, collection of the resulting receivable is probable, and the amount of the related fees is fixed or determinable. To date, revenue from software transactions and sales-type leases has not been significant. The Company accrues for warranty costs, sales returns, and other allowances at the time of shipment based on historical experience and expected future costs.

(e)Allowances for Sales Returns and Doubtful Accounts

The Company has an allowance for sales returns for estimated future product returns related to current period product revenue. The Company bases its allowance on periodic assessment of historical trends in product return rates and current approved returned products. If the actual future returns were to deviate from the historical data on which the reserve had been established, the Company’s revenue could be adversely affected.

The Company has an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of customers to make payments. The Company bases its allowance on periodic assessment of its customers’ liquidity and financial condition through analysis of information obtained from credit rating agencies, financial statement reviews, and historical collection trends. Additional allowances may be required if the liquidity or financial condition of its customers were to deteriorate.

(f)Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost being determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. In assessing the net realizable value of inventories, the Company is required to make judgments as to future demand requirements and compare these with the current or committed inventory levels. Once inventory has been written down to its estimated net realizable value, its carrying value cannot be increased due to subsequent changes in demand forecasts. To the extent that a severe decline in forecasted demand occurs, or the Company experiences a higher incidence of inventory obsolescence due to rapidly changing technology and customer requirements, the Company may incur significant charges for excess inventory.

(g)Concentration of Risk

The Company’s customers include competitive and incumbent local exchange carriers, competitive access providers, Internet service providers, wireless carriers, and resellers serving these markets. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral. Allowances are maintained for potential doubtful accounts. For the three months ended March 31, 2004, sales to two customers represented 11% and 10% of net revenue, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2003, sales to one customer represented 18% of net revenue. As of March 31, 2004, the Company had accounts receivable balances from three customers individually representing 24%, 16% and 10% of accounts receivable, respectively. As of December 31, 2003, the Company had accounts receivable balances from two customers individually representing 31% and 11% of accounts receivable, respectively.

(h)Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation

 

The Company has elected to account for employee stock options using the intrinsic-value method in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 (“APB 25”) and related interpretations. Under this method, compensation expense is recorded on the date of grant only if the current fair value exceeds the exercise price. SFAS No. 123,Equity-BasedAccounting for Stock-Based Compensation—Prior to 2003, we accounted, established accounting and disclosure requirements using a fair-value-based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation arrangements underplans. As allowed by SFAS No. 123, the recognitionCompany has elected to continue to apply the intrinsic-value-based method of accounting described above, and measurement provisionshas adopted the disclosure requirements of APB OpinionSFAS No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (APB No. 25)123, as amended.

For the three months ended March 31, 2004 and related interpretations. Effective January 1, 2003, we adopted the fair value recognition provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.” We selected the prospective method of adoption described in SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation-Transition and Disclosure.” This method applies fair value accounting to all new grants and modification or settlement of old grants after the beginning of the yearCompany’s stock-based awards to employees was estimated using the following weighted average assumptions: expected option life of adoption. All other old grants will continue4.0 years; dividend yield of 0%; risk-free interest rate of 3.0% and 4.5%, respectively; and volatility of 95% and 0%, respectively. Prior to be accountedentering into its merger agreement with Tellium, Inc. in July 2003, the Company used the minimum value option pricing model for underprivately-held companies, which does not consider the intrinsic value provisionimpact of APB No. 25. We recorded approximately $26.2 million of stock-based compensation for new grants accounted for under SFAS No. 123. The remaining $4.6 million of stock-based compensation recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2003 related to options granted prior to January 1, 2003.stock price volatility.

 

Had we elected to recognize compensation expense for stock options according to SFAS No. 123 since our inception, basedThe following table illustrates the effect on the fair value at the grant dates of the awards, net loss and net loss per share wouldif the fair-value-based method had been applied to all outstanding and unvested awards in each period (in thousands, except per share data):

   Three months ended
March 31,


 
   2004

  2003

 

Net loss, as reported

  $(13,385) $(13,420)
   


 


Add: Stock-based compensation expense included in reported net loss

   610   (3,015)

Deduct: Total stock-based compensation benefit (expense) determined under fair value method for all awards

   (1,861)  3,335 
   


 


Pro forma net loss

  $(14,636) $(13,100)
   


 


Loss per share applicable to holders of common stock:

         

As reported – basic and diluted

  $(0.17) $(2.07)
   


 


Pro forma – basic and diluted

  $(0.19) $(2.02)
   


 


(i)Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued FASB Interpretation No. 46 (“FIN 46”),“Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities.” In December 2003, the FASB issued a revision to FIN 46 (“FIN 46R”). FIN 46R requires that if an entity has a controlling financial interest in a variable interest entity, the assets, liabilities and results of activities of the variable interest entity should be included in the consolidated financial statements of the entity. The provisions of FIN 46R are effective immediately for all new arrangements entered into after December 31, 2003. The Company does not have any financial interests in variable interest entities created prior to December 31, 2003, for which the provisions of FIN 46R became effective on January 1, 2004. The adoption of FIN 46R did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

(2)Acquisitions

Gluon

In February 2004, the Company acquired the assets of Gluon Networks, Inc. (“Gluon”) in exchange for total consideration of $6.49 million, consisting of common stock valued at $5.74 million, $0.65 million of cash and $0.1 million of acquisition related costs. One of our directors is a partner of a venture capital firm which is a major stockholder of Zhone, and which was also a major stockholder of Gluon. The transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition rather than a business combination, since only assets were acquired, which consisted primarily of Gluon’s intellectual property. Gluon was a development stage company that had developed a product for customer trials but had not generated any revenue to date. The Company agreed to acquire Gluon’s intellectual property and hired approximately ten of the former Gluon employees. The Company intends to incorporate elements of the Gluon technology into its future product offerings but does not anticipate generating material revenue from such products until the second half of 2005.

The purchase price for the Gluon transaction was allocated to purchased in-process research and development - $6.19 million, and acquired workforce - $0.3 million. The amount allocated to purchased in-process research and development was charged to expense during the first quarter of 2004, because technological feasibility had not been established and no future alternative uses for the technology existed. The estimated fair value of the purchased in-process research and development was determined using a discounted cash flow model, based on a discount rate which took into consideration the stage of completion and risks associated with developing the technology. Because the transaction did not constitute a business combination, no goodwill was recorded and a portion of the purchase price was allocated to the acquired workforce, which will be amortized over a two year period.

Tellium

In November 2003, the Company completed the acquisition of Tellium in exchange for total consideration of approximately $173.3 million, consisting of common stock valued at $119.4 million, options and warrants to purchase common stock valued at $7.9 million, assumed liabilities of $42.8 million, and acquisition costs of $3.2 million. The transaction was treated as a reverse merger for accounting purposes, in which the Company was treated as the acquirer based on factors including the relative voting rights, board control, and senior management composition. The purchase price was allocated to the fair values of the assets acquired as follows: net tangible assets - $144.4 million, goodwill - $25.7 million and deferred compensation - $3.1 million. The Company recorded severance and facility exit costs for the Tellium acquisition in accordance with EITF 95-3, “Recognition of Liabilities in Connection with a Purchase Business Combination”. A rollforward of the EITF 95-3 reserve activity was comprised as follows (in thousands):

   Severance

  Facility
Exit
Costs


  Total

 

Balance at December 31, 2003

  $3,242  $2,372  $5,614 

Cash payments

   (2,982)  (1,379)  (4,361)
   


 


 


Balance at March 31, 2004

  $260  $993  $1,253 
   


 


 


The remaining costs accrued under EITF 95-3 are expected to be paid within the next nine months.

(3)Long-lived Assets, Goodwill and Other Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets

As of January 1, 2002, the Company adopted SFAS No. 142,Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. SFAS No. 142 requires that goodwill no longer be amortized, but should be tested for impairment at least annually. The Company completed its transitional and first annual goodwill impairment test as of January 2002 and November 2002, respectively. As the Company has determined that it operates in a single segment with one operating unit, the fair value of its reporting unit was performed at the Company level using a combination of the income, or discounted cash flows, approach and the market approach, which utilizes comparable companies’ data. As of November 2003, the Company performed the annual goodwill impairment test using the market approach, reflecting the fact that the Company’s stock was publicly traded following the consummation of the Tellium merger. At March 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, the Company had goodwill with a carrying value of $100.3 million. No goodwill impairment charges have been recorded since the initial adoption of SFAS No. 142.

In accordance with SFAS No. 144, the Company reviews long-lived assets, including intangible assets other than goodwill, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable

based on expected undiscounted cash flows attributable to that asset. The amount of any impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the impaired asset.

The Company estimated the fair value of its long-lived assets based on a combination of the market, income and replacement cost approaches. In the application of the impairment testing, the Company was required to make estimates of future operating trends and resulting cash flows and judgments on discount rates and other variables. Actual future results and other assumed variables could differ from these estimates.

Details of the Company’s acquisition-related intangible assets are as follows:

 

   

Three Months Ended

September 30,


  

Nine Months Ended

September 30,


 
   2002

  2003

  2002

  2003

 

Net loss, as reported

  $(113,992,524)     $(14,923,580)     $(356,261,231)     $(64,502,221)

Add: Stock-based employee compensation expense included in reported net income

   62,488,290   443,133   89,489,989   3,855,648 

Deduct: Stock-based employee compensation determined under fair value methods for all awards granted since May 8, 1997 (inception) through December 31, 2002

   (3,246,104)  (900,228)  (44,819,684)  (4,575,768)
   


 


 


 


Pro forma net loss

  $(54,750,338) $(15,380,675) $(311,590,926) $(65,222,341)
   


 


 


 


Net loss per basic and diluted share:

                 

As reported

  $(1.15) $(0.14) $(3.41) $(0.64)

Pro forma

   (0.55)  (0.15)  (2.98)  (0.65)
   March 31, 2004

   Gross
Amount


  Accumulated
Amortization


  Net

  Weighted
Average
Useful
Life


      (in
thousands)
     (in years)

Developed technology

  $35,596  $(30,706) $4,890  3.7

Core technology

   12,104   (10,289)  1,815  5.0

Others

   11,312   (6,915)  4,397  3.6
   

  


 

   

Total

  $59,012  $(47,910) $11,102   
   

  


 

   
   December 31, 2003

   Gross
Amount


  Accumulated
Amortization


  Net

  Weighted
Average
Useful
Life


      (in
thousands)
     (in years)

Developed technology

  $35,596  $(29,907) $5,689  3.7

Core technology

   12,104   (9,683)  2,421  5.0

Others

   11,008   (6,241)  4,767  3.6
   

  


 

   

Total

  $58,708  $(45,831) $12,877   
   

  


 

   

Amortization expense of acquisition-related intangible assets was $2.1 million and $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense for the future periods ending December 31 is as follows: 2004 (remainder of year) - $6.3 million, 2005 - $4.6 million, and 2006 - $0.3 million.

 

The weighted average fair valuechanges in the carrying amount of ourgoodwill are as follows (in thousands):

   Three months ended
March 31,


   2004

  2003

Beginning balance

  $100,337  $70,828

Goodwill acquired

   —     4,232
   

  

Ending balance

  $100,337  $75,060
   

  

(4)Inventories

Inventories as of March 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003 are as follows (in thousands):

   March 31,
2004


  December 31,
2003


Inventories:

        

Raw materials

  $22,128  $19,681

Work in process

   4,603   3,088

Finished goods

   1,688   1,512
   

  

   $28,419  $24,281
   

  

(5)Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

During the three months ended March 31, 2003, the Company had Series AA and Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock optionsoutstanding, and was calculated using the Black-Scholes Model with the following weighted average assumptions used for grants:recording accretion relating to this preferred stock as described below. There were no dividend yield; risk free interest rates between 1.19% andshares of 6.25%; expected volatility of 0% (80% for grants issued during and after September 2000); and expected lives of one to four years. The weighted average fair value of options grantedpreferred stock outstanding during the three months ended September 30, 2002March 31, 2004. All outstanding shares of preferred stock were converted to common stock prior to the consummation of the Tellium merger in November 2003.

Prior to April 17, 2003, the Company’s Series AA and Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock had contained a redemption feature, such that holders of the redeemable convertible preferred stock could require the Company to redeem the preferred stock at, or any time after, November 1, 2004, 2005, and 2006, in three annual installments, that number of shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock equal to not less than 33.3%, 66.7%, and 100%, respectively. On April 17, 2003, the terms of the redeemable convertible preferred stock were changed to eliminate the redemption feature. Upon the elimination of the redemption feature, the convertible preferred stock was reclassified to stockholders’ equity.

Prior to April 17, 2003, the Company was accreting the redeemable convertible preferred stock to its stated redemption price. The Company accreted, by charging paid in capital, $12.7 million on all outstanding Series AA and Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock through April 17, 2003, which was reflected as an increase in the nine months ended September 30, 2002 and 2003 was $0.50, $0.52, $1.42 and $0.20 per share, respectively.

Net Loss Per Share—Basic net loss per share is computed by dividingcarrying value of the net losspreferred stock. Upon the elimination of the redemption feature for the period bySeries AA and Series B preferred shares, the weighted average numberCompany stopped recording accretion on the convertible preferred stock. The accretion of common shares outstanding during the period. Weighted average common shares outstandingredemption value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock for purposes of computing basic net loss per share excludes the unvested portion of restricted stock. For the three months and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2003 9,908,495 vested shareswas $10.6 million.

(6)Net Loss Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of restricted stock were treated as treasury stock for the calculation of weighted average common shares outstanding as a result of the accounting for the Management Incentive Compensation Program. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss for the period by the weighted average number of common and potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period, if dilutive. Potentially dilutive common shares are composed of the incremental common shares issuable upon the conversion of preferred stock and the exercise of stock options and warrants, using the treasury stock method. Due to our net loss, the effect of potentially dilutive common shares is anti-dilutive; therefore, basic and diluted net loss per share are(in thousands, except per share data):

   Three months ended
March 31,


 
   2004

  2003

 

Numerator:

         

Net loss

  $(13,385) $(2,802)

Accretion on preferred stock

   —     (10,618)
   


 


Net loss applicable to holders of common stock

  $(13,385) $(13,420)
   


 


Denominator:

         

Weighted average common stock outstanding

   77,456   7,293 

Adjustment for common stock issued subject to repurchase

   (190)  (803)
   


 


Denominator for basic and diluted calculation

   77,266   6,490 
   


 


Basic and diluted net loss per share applicable to holders of common stock

  $(0.17) $(2.07)

The following table sets forth potential common stock that is not included in the same. Fordiluted net loss per share calculation above because their effect would be antidilutive for the periods indicated (in thousands, except exercise price data):

   Three Months
Ended
March 31, 2004


  Weighted
Average
Exercise
price


Weighted average common stock issued subject to repurchase

  190  $1.84

Warrants

  337   47.40

Outstanding stock options granted

  4,653   4.26
   
    
   5,180    
   
    
   

Three Months
Ended

March 31, 2003


  Weighted
Average
Exercise
price


Convertible Preferred stock

  38,996   N/M

Weighted average common stock issued subject to repurchase

  803  $2.11

Warrants

  78   29.97

Outstanding stock options granted

  1,548   1.45
   
    
   41,426    
   
    

(7)Comprehensive Loss

The components of comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the three months ended September 30, 2002March 31, 2004 and 2003 and the nine months ended September 30, 2002 and 2003, potentially dilutive shares of 107,533, 3,450,402, 2,736,484 and 2,318,448, respectively, were excluded from the diluted weighted average shares outstanding calculation.as follows (in thousands):

 

Recent Financial Accounting Pronouncements—In April 2003, the FASB issued SFAS No. 149, “Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.” SFAS No. 149 amends and clarifies accounting for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities under SFAS No. 133. The statement requires that contracts with comparable characteristics be accounted for similarly and clarifies when a derivative contains a financing component that warrants special reporting in the statement of cash flows. SFAS No. 149 is effective for contracts entered into or modified after June 30, 2003, except in certain circumstances, and for hedging relationships designated after June 30, 2003. Management does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on Tellium’s financial position or results of operations.

In May 2003, the FASB issued SFAS No. 150, “Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity.” This Statement establishes standards for how an issuer classifies and measures in its statement of financial position certain financial instruments with characteristics of both liabilities and equity. It requires that an issuer classify a financial instrument that is within its scope as a liability (or an asset in some circumstances) because that financial instrument embodies an obligation of the issuer. This Statement is effective for financial instruments entered into or modified after May 31, 2003, and otherwise is effective at the beginning of the first interim period beginning after June 15, 2003, except for mandatorily redeemable financial instruments of nonpublic entities. Management does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on Tellium’s financial position or results of operations.

   Three Months Ended
March 31,


 
   2004

  2003

 

Net loss

  $(13,385) $(13,420)

Change in unrealized loss on investments

   3   —   

Foreign currency translation adjustments

   (38)  14 
   


 


Total comprehensive loss

  $(13,420) $(13,406)
   


 


 

3.(8)RESTRUCTURING AND IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS

On June 24, 2002, in response to deteriorating conditions in the telecommunications industry, we announced a business restructuring plan designed to decrease our operating expenses. We recorded a restructuring charge of approximately $12.8 million associated with a workforce reduction and the consolidation of excess facilities, resulting in non-cancelable lease costs and write down of certain leasehold improvements.

Continued deteriorating conditions in the telecommunications industry have contributed to our inability to secure additional customers and caused purchases by current customers to decline. On January 9, 2003, in response to these conditions, we announced a business restructuring plan designed to decrease our operating expenses. We recorded a restructuring charge of approximately $6.7 million associated with a workforce reduction and the consolidation of excess facilities, resulting in non-cancelable lease costs.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2003, we terminated approximately 130 employees. During the first quarter of 2003, we recorded charges for the workforce reduction of approximately $3.2 million primarily related to severance and extended benefits. The remaining balance related to the workforce reduction of approximately $0.1 million will be paid during 2003.

During the first quarter, we recorded a charge of approximately $3.5 million related to the consolidation of facilities. We ceased use of our West Long Branch, NJ facility during the quarter ended March 31, 2003. The remaining facilities balance of approximately $6.0 million as of September 30, 2003 is related to the net lease expense of non-cancelable leases, which will be paid over the respective lease terms through the year 2007.

The following displays the activity and balances of the restructuring reserve account for the nine months ended September 30, 2003:

   

Workforce

Reduction


  

Facility

Consolidation


  Total

 

Initial reserve recorded during 2002

  $6,335,388  $6,500,000  $12,835,388 

Non-cash reduction

   (1,445,696)      (2,250,000)      (3,695,696)

Cash reductions

   (4,046,864)  (386,172)  (4,433,036)
   


 


 


Restructuring liability as of December 31, 2002

   842,828   3,863,828   4,706,656 
   


 


 


Additional reserve recorded

   3,163,802   3,572,352   6,736,154 

Cash reductions

   (3,893,711)  (1,422,073)  (5,315,784)

Reversal—See Note 10

   —     (1,865,000)  —   
   


 


 


Restructuring liability as of September 30, 2003

  $112,919  $4,149,107  $4,262,026 
   


 


 


In addition, during the first quarter of 2003, we wrote down net property, plant, and equipment by approximately $0.7 million. This charge covers assets idled by restructuring for which we have a committed disposal plan.

4.INVENTORIES

Inventories consist of the following:

   

December 31,

2002


  

September 30,

2003


Raw materials

  $4,925,646     $2,830,094

Work-in-process

   5,758,245   982,928

Finished goods

   3,060,658   5,380,921
   


 

   $13,744,549  $9,193,943
   


 

5.PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment consist of the following:

   

December 31,

2002


  

September 30,

2003


 

Equipment

  $55,148,597      52,633,594 

Furniture and fixtures

   6,275,526   6,277,574 

Acquired software

   9,931,912   10,039,358 

Leasehold improvements

   7,140,801   7,143,822 

Construction in progress

   79,458    
   


 


    78,576,294   76,094,348 

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

   38,042,790   51,726,322 
   


 


Property, plant and equipment—Net

  $40,533,504  $24,368,026 
   


 


6.      ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:

   

December 31,

2002


  

September 30,

2003


 

Accrued professional fees

  $2,623,266  $2,015,920 

Accrued compensation and related expenses

   8,896,443   2,851,107 

Deferred revenue

   660,609   979,728 

Warranty reserve

   3,190,000   1,966,000 

Restructuring reserve

   4,706,656   4,262,026 

Other

   1,845,775   1,083,582 
   


 


   $21,922,749  $13,158,363 
   


 


Changes in accrued product warranty expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2003 were as follows:

      2003

 

Balance as of January 1

      $3,190,000 

Add: Product warranties issued during the year

       1,215,000 

Deduct: Reductions in product liability for payments made

       (2,439,000)
       


Balance as of September 30

      $1,966,000 
       


7.STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCommitments and Contingencies

 

Changes to Management Incentive Compensation ProgramLeases

 

On various dates between AprilThe Company has entered into operating leases for certain office space and June 2000, we loaned fundsequipment, some of which contain renewal options. The Company has options to memberspurchase the leased assets at the end of our management teamthe lease terms.

Future minimum lease payments under all non-cancelable operating leases with terms in excess of one year are as follows (in thousands):

   Operating
leases


Year ending December 31:

    

2004 (remainder of year)

  $4,785

2005

   1,113

2006

   425

2007

   342
   

Total minimum lease payments

  $6,665
   

Warranty Costs

The Company accrues for warranty costs based on historical trends for the expected material and labor costs to provide warranty services. Warranty periods are generally one year from the date of shipment.

The following table summarizes the activity related to the product warranty liability for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003 (in thousands):

   Three Months
Ended March 31,


 
   2004

  2003

 

Beginning balance

  $5,856  $6,040 

Charged to operations

   51   190 

Warranty reserve from acquired companies

   —     1,537 

Reductions

   (352)  (618)
   


 


Ending balance

  $5,555  $7,149 
   


 


The Company depends on sole source and limited source suppliers for several key components and contract manufacturing. If the Company was unable to obtain these components on a full-recoursetimely basis, the Company would be unable to enable them to exercise previously granted stock options with average exercise prices of $2.14 per share. Individuals receiving loans included executive officers, vice presidents, and other employees. Upon exercise of the stock options, each of these individuals received restricted stock that vested over four years, and pledged the restricted shares to secure payment of their loans to us,meet its customers’ product delivery requirements which generally become due in full in April through June 2005. Our stock price has fallen substantially below $2.14 per share, causing these loans to be under-collateralized while the individuals remain personally liable for payment on the loans when they come due.could adversely impact operating results.

 

         This circumstance posed personal financial problems for the individuals involvedThe Company has agreements with various contract manufacturers which include inventory repurchase commitments on excess material. The Company has recorded a liability of $4.6 million related to these arrangements as of March 31, 2004 and undercut the intended incentivizing effect of the restricted stock program. In an effort to restructure our management incentive arrangements, in July 2002, our board of directors authorized changes to this restricted stock and management loan program for the 12 participating individuals (then consisting of three executive officers—Messrs. Carr, Bala, and Losch, five vice presidents, three other employees, and one former vice president). These changes included our repurchase of the shares of restricted stock and related reduction of the loans, modifications of the terms of the remaining loans and establishment of new incentive compensation arrangements which would include a bonus program applicable in the event of a change of control and providing for bonuses in an amount sufficient to repay, on an after-tax basis, the then remaining balance of the loans.December 31, 2003.

 

        We attemptedLetters of Credit

The Company has issued letters of credit to implement these board-approved changes,ensure its performance or payment to third parties in accordance with specified terms and in late July 2002 repurchase agreements and other implementing documents were signed. However, certain problems arose in the implementationconditions, which amounted to $0.6 million as of the changes and the board subsequently determined that the documented changes did not reflect its intentions and the scope of what it had authorized and that we should not go forward with changes in theMarch 31, 2004. The Company has recorded restricted stock and loan program at that time. Accordingly, the board determined that it should not ratify and approve the implementing documents that had been executed and that the documents and the transactions provided for by them were void and unenforceable against us. The board also determined to continue to consider changes to our management incentive compensation arrangements, including the management loan arrangements. As previously disclosed, Tellium was not aware of what position the executives who signed implementing agreements in July 2002 would take with respectcash equal to the board’s action to void those agreements and was, therefore, unable to assess at that time whether those developments would have a material adverse effect on us.amount outstanding under these letters of credit.

 

During January 2003, our board of directors approved a set of changes to our management compensation arrangements, including changes in the restricted stock and loan program for the individualsLegal Proceedings

The Company is involved in that program, other than with respect to our executive officers. The board concluded that the existing arrangements, which were based largely on the restricted stock and related loans, were not providing proper incentives to our management. The changes approved by the board affected 15 continuing and former non-executive senior managers, 12 of whom owed us approximately $13.6 million, including interest, secured by approximately 5.8 million shares of restricted stock. Based on the actions described above, despite the fact that the loans remained legally outstanding, accounting standards required that these notes, originally recourse notes, be treated as non-recourse in our financial statements.

As of May 13, 2003, all of the continuing and former non-executive senior managers participating in the program had executed agreements incorporating the

board-approved changes to the program, including a general release and waiver of all claims against us relating to his or her employment, including without limitation, any claimsvarious litigation matters relating to the agreements signed by these individuals in July 2002. In addition, we have taken the following actions in accordance with the termsoperations of these agreements:

We repurchased approximately 5.0 million shares of restricted stock held by eight non-executive senior managers and one former non-executive senior manager (all of whom have outstanding loans) and their affiliates. We paid $0.63 per share for the vested shares (the average of the daily closing prices of our common stock during the monthTellium prior to the approval of the changes by the board, December 2002) and approximately $2.14 per share, plus accrued interest, for the unvested shares (the approximate contractual price at which we had the right to repurchase unvested shares under our original agreements with these individuals). We applied all proceeds from our repurchases of restricted stock, of approximately $5.6 million, toward the respective individual’s outstanding loan.
We forgave the remaining loan balances of these eight non-executive senior managers and one former non-executive senior manager and made a payment in May 2003 of cash bonuses in the approximate aggregate amount of $5.2 million to assist in satisfying the tax liability associated with the loan forgiveness. The eight non-executive senior managers must repay the cash bonuses if they resign from employment with us for other than good reason or are dismissed for cause before January 1, 2005. The loan forgiveness and cash bonuses are in lieu of any other bonuses or incentive compensation payments for 2002 and 2003. We forgave the remaining loans owed to us by three former non-executive senior managers, but none of these individuals received cash bonuses to assist with their tax liability.
We received executed non-competition agreements from all of the employees receiving loan forgiveness. The non-competes will expire one year after the termination of employment.

In connection with the approval of these changes to the outstanding loans, the board also approved the cancellation of stock options to purchase approximately 2.7 million shares of our common stock held by 11 non-executive senior managers, including three non-executive senior managers who did not have loans, and re-issuance of new stock options to purchase approximately 5.3 million shares of our common stock. The exercise price of the stock options cancelled was substantially above the current market price of our common stock. In May 2003, we cancelled the stock options to purchase approximately 2.9 million shares of our common stock and issued new options with an exercise price of $0.63 per share (the average of the daily closing prices of our common stock during the month prior to the approval of the changes by the board, December 2002). The offer to cancel and reissue these stock options was made during the quarter ended March 31, 2003. We accounted for this offer in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123, and charges related to this offer are included in the approximately $25.9 million of stock-based compensation recorded for new grants for the nine months ended September 30, 2003.

The board’s primary basis for approving these changes to the program was to stabilize and retain a core group of our managers in the wake of the major reductions in force that we have implemented and to restore incentives for their future performance. The board determined among other things that elimination of the loans would help address morale and productivity issues affecting the continuing non-executive senior managers and that the re-pricing of the stock options held by our non-executive senior managers would realign their equity incentives with future shareholder value.

None of our executive officers with restricted stock and related loans, Messrs. Carr, Bala, and Losch, were offered the share repurchase, loan forgiveness, and cash bonus program discussed above. Consequently, these executives currently hold approximately 7.8 million shares of restricted stock of Tellium which secure recourse loans owed to us with an approximate balance of principal and accrued interest at October 31, 2003 of $21.7 million. An additional 1.6 million shares also servemerger as collateral to secure these loans and are held by donees of these executives.

We have entered into a merger agreement with Zhone Technologies, Inc, which, upon completion, will result in a change of control as defined in the July 2002 agreements. At the time discussions regarding the merger commenced, this matter was still under consideration by our board. No changes in the loan and restricted stock arrangements between Tellium and these individuals have subsequently been made and no changes are intended to be made before completion of the merger. We are not in a position to assess the effect that these circumstances could have on us (or the combined company upon completion of the merger), but the effect could be material. If the implementing documents were given effect as executed, then, upon a change of control (including upon consummation of the merger):

We (or the combined company) could be obligated to pay bonuses to these executives and to extend the maturity of their management loans. We may not be able to deduct these payments for income tax purposes.
Depending on the circumstances prevailing at the time and on the interpretation of the documents, the aggregate amount of the bonuses could be up to $56 million, including approximately $22 million, representing the aggregate outstanding principal and interest due on the loans, and approximately $34 million, representing the aggregate amount of income and excise tax incurred by the executives associated with the bonus.
After repayment of the loans in full, it is anticipated that (i) the net cash outlay by Tellium (or the combined company) would equal the amount paid in respect of the executive’s taxes, which could be up to approximately $34 million, (ii) the net cash received by the executives would be zero, and (iii) the shares held as collateral would be released to the executives free of any encumbrance associated with the management loans.

We believe that the agreements signed in July 2002 are void and unenforceable against us and intend to vigorously defend any attempt to enforce these agreements.described below.

 

In addition, in March 2003, the board authorized the cancellation of approximately 3.2 million stock options held by our executive officers with exercise prices substantially above the current trading value of our common stock. At the same time, the board authorized the reissuance of approximately 2.2 million stock options at an exercise price of $0.54 per share to our chief operating officer, chief financial officer, and chief technology officer and 1.2 million shares of zero-priced restricted stock to our chief executive officer.

Stock Option Exchange Offer

On August 1, 2002, we commenced an offer to exchange outstanding employee stock options having an exercise price of $2.14 or more per share in return for a combination of share awards for shares of common stock and new stock options to purchase shares of common stock. The exchange offer expired on September 4, 2002. Pursuant to the exchange offer, we accepted for exchange options to purchase 13,479,441 shares of common stock, representing approximately 91% of the options that were eligible to be tendered in the offer. On September 5, 2002, we issued 1,347,962 share awards of common stock, and on March 7, 2003, we granted 9,102,333 options to purchase common stock at an exercise price of $0.55 per share. The options vest from the original grant date of the options tendered in accordance with the vesting schedule of the original option grant.

8.NOTES PAYABLE

On June 16, 2003, we obtained a $1.9 million bank loan from A.I. Credit Corporation. The loan is secured by a letter of credit from Bank of America, N.A. and bears interest at a rate of 4.77% per annum. Principal and interest are payable in monthly installments from July 17, 2003 through February 17, 2004.

9.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In late July 2002, Corning Incorporated filed a Demand for Arbitration arising out of a dispute in connection with ourTellium’s October 2000 merger with Astarte Fiber Networks, Inc. Corning alleges that Astarte and Tellium, as successor-in-interest to Astarte, fraudulently induced Corning to enter into a contract, breached that contract, and breached warranties presented in that contract. The Demand for Arbitration was subsequently amended to add a claim for unjust enrichment. Corning seeks an award of $38 million, plus expenses and interest. We haveTellium filed a response with the American Arbitration Association that wethey are not a proper party to the dispute. A third party to the Demand has also responded to the American Arbitration Association that we areTellium is not relevant to the dispute. The arbiters have been empanelled, and a preliminary hearing was held on February 27, 2003. At the preliminary hearing, weTellium made a motion to dismiss the suit against usthe Company for failure to state a viable claim as to Tellium, and the arbiters set a briefing schedule on the motion. The parties completed briefing on July 18, 2003. On September 17, 2003, the arbiters denied ourTellium’s motion to dismiss, with a suggestion that Tellium refile its motion on the close of discovery. The parties have also commenced some discovery, including requests for documents, written interrogatories, and depositions. On October 28, 2003, Tellium commenced in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York an action for a declaratory judgment that Tellium is not a proper party to the arbitration. Tellium’s action seeks to have the arbitration stayed and Corning enjoined from pursuing arbitration any further against Tellium. On January 28, 2004, the arbiters stayed all proceedings against Tellium, but the arbitration continues as to Astarte. It is too early in the dispute process to determine what impact, if any, this dispute will have upon ourthe Company’s business, financial condition, or results of operations. We intendThe Company intends to vigorously defend the claims made in any legal proceedings that may result and pursue any possible counterclaims against Corning, Astarte, and other parties associated with the claims.

 

On various dates between approximately December 10, 2002 and February 27, 2003, eightnumerous class-action securities complaints were filed against Tellium in the United States District Court, District of New Jersey. These complaints allege, among other things, that Tellium and its then-current directors and executive officers and its underwriter violated the Securities Act of 1933 by making false and misleading statements preceding ourits initial public offering and in ourits registration statement prospectus relating to the securities offered in the initial public offering. The complaints further allege that these parties violated the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 by acting recklessly or intentionally in making the alleged misstatements. The actions seek damages in an unspecified amount, including compensatory damages, costs, and expenses incurred in connection with the

actions and equitable relief as may be permitted by law or equity. On May 19, 2003, a consolidated amended complaint representing all of the actions was filed. On August 4, 2003, weTellium and its underwriters filed a motionmotions to dismiss these actions.the complaint. On April 1, 2004, the Court issued its decision granting Tellium’s and the underwriters’ motions to dismiss, while allowing plaintiffs an opportunity to seek leave to file a further amended complaint. The Company anticipates opposing that motion and moving to have the further amended complaint dismissed with prejudice. It isremains too early in the legal process to determine what impact, if any, these suits will have upon ourthe Company’s business, financial condition, or results of operations. We intendThe Company intends to continue vigorously defenddefending against the claims made in these actions, which have been consolidated.actions.

 

On January 8, 2003 and January 27, 2003, two shareholder derivative complaints were filed on behalf of Tellium in the Superior Court of New Jersey. These complaints were made by plaintiffs who purport to be Tellium shareholders on behalf of Tellium, alleging, among other things, that Tellium directors breached their fiduciary duties to the company by engaging in stock transactions with individuals associated with Qwest, and in making materially misleading statements regarding ourTellium’s relationship with Qwest. The actions seek damages in an unspecified amount, including imposition of a constructive trust in favor of Tellium for the amount of profits allegedly received through stock sales, disgorgement of proceeds in connection with the stock option exercises, damages allegedly sustained by Tellium in connection with alleged breaches of fiduciary duties, costs, and expenses incurred in connection with the actions. These cases have been stayed by the court pending the resolution of motions to dismiss in the above-referenced federal court securities actions. It is too early in the legal process to determine what impact, if any, these suits will have upon ourthe Company’s business, financial condition, or results of operations. We intendThe Company intends to vigorously defend the claims made in these actions, which have been consolidated.

 

The Denver, Colorado regional office of the SEC is conducting two investigations titledIn the Matter of Qwest Communications International, Inc.andIn the Matter of Issuers Related to Qwest. The first of these investigations does not involve any allegation of wrongful conduct on the part of Tellium. In connection with the second investigation, the SEC is examining various transactions and business relationships involving Qwest and eleven companies having a vendor relationship with Qwest, including Tellium. This investigation, insofar as it relates to us,Tellium, appears to focus generally on whether ourTellium’s transactions and relationships with Qwest were appropriately disclosed in ourTellium’s public filings and other public statements. In addition, the United States Attorney in Denver is conducting an investigation involving Qwest, including Qwest’s relationships with certain of its vendors, including Tellium. In connection with that investigation, the U.S. Attorney has sought documents and information from usTellium and has sought interviews and/or grand jury testimony from persons associated or formerly associated with us,Tellium, including certain of ourits officers. The U.S. Attorney has indicated that, while aspects of its investigation are in an early stage, neither weTellium nor any of ourthe Company’s current or former officers or employees is a target of the investigation. We areThe Company is cooperating fully with these investigations. We areThe Company is not able, at this time, to say when the SEC and/or U.S. Attorney investigations will be completed and resolved, or what the ultimate outcome with respect to Telliumthe Company will be. These investigations could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and may have a material and adverse effect on ourthe Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

As previously disclosed, TelliumThe Company is subject to other legal proceedings, claims and 185 Monmouth Parkway Associates, L.P. filed complaints and other documents against each other asserting claimslitigation arising out of certain real property lease agreements between Tellium and 185 Monmouth pursuant to which Tellium leased certain real property in West Long Branch, New Jersey. Tellium’s suit also asserted claims against other related entities concerning property leased in Oceanport, New Jersey. On November 12, 2003, the parties to the above litigations reached an out-of-court settlement in which Tellium has agreed to pay approximately $2.5 million to settle (i) all of the claims asserted in connection with the complaints and other documents filed in the Superior Courtordinary course of New Jersey, Monmouth County and (ii) allbusiness. While the outcome of these matters is currently not determinable, management does not expect that the claims that may ariseultimate costs to resolve these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or have arisen from the real property leases for the West Long Branch, New Jersey, properties, with the exception of contingent obligations under certain lease provisions requiring indemnification of the landlord for personal injury claims accruing during the lease periods and compliance with environmental statutes and other laws. The settlement agreement also provides for releases of all parties named in the lawsuits for all claims that were or could have been raised in the litigations or with respect to the West Long Branch leases.

financial position.

10.(9)SUBSEQUENT EVENTSSegment Information

 

On November 3, 2003,Zhone designs, develops and markets telecommunications hardware and software products for network service providers. The Company derives substantially all of its revenues from the sales of the Zhone product family. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the Company’s chief executive officer, or CEO. The CEO reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis accompanied by disaggregated information about revenues by geographic region for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing financial performance. The Company has determined that it has operated within one discrete reportable business segment since inception. The Company is required to disclose certain information about geographic concentrations and revenue by product family.

   Three Months ended
March 31,


   2004

  2003

   (in thousands)

Revenue:

        

North America

  $17,791  $15,717

International

   3,242   1,358
   

  

Total revenue

  $21,033  $17,075
   

  

   Three Months ended
March 31,


   2004

  2003

   (in thousands)

Revenue by Product Family:

        

SLMS

  $9,636  $7,074

MUX

   5,080   6,444

DLC

   6,317   3,557
   

  

Total revenue

  $21,033  $17,075
   

  

(10)Subsequent Events

In April 2004, the Company announced that its board of directors had unanimously approved a one-for-four reverse stock splitdefinitive agreement to acquire Sorrento Networks Corporation (“Sorrento”). Under the terms of the company’sagreement, the Company will issue 0.9 of a share of common stock for each outstanding share of Sorrento common stock, and will assume options and warrants to purchase Sorrento common stock, with appropriate adjustments based on the merger exchange ratio. Based on a preliminary valuation, the Company would issue approximately 14.7 million shares of common stock and would assume approximately 5.4 million options and warrants to purchase common stock, and the total value of the transaction would be approximately $97.7 million. One of our directors is a partner of a venture capital firm which is a major stockholder of Zhone, and also holds warrants to purchase Sorrento common stock. The reverse stock split was approved by the Tellium stockholders at the annual meeting of stockholders on May 21, 2003. As a result of the reverse stock split, every four shares of Tellium common stock will be exchanged for one share of Tellium common stock. Consummation of the reverse stock splitproposed merger is subject to regulatory and stockholder approvalapprovals and other closing conditions, and is currently expected to close during the second or third quarter of the proposed merger between the company and Zhone Technologies, Inc. and will be effective immediately prior to the closing of the merger. The company currently anticipates that the reverse stock split and the merger will be effective on November 13, 2003, or as soon thereafter as is practicable, after each company holds a special meeting of its stockholders to approve the merger.2004.

 

As a result of the settlement with 185 Monmouth Parkway Associates and other parties described in Note 9 above, the company has reversed approximately $1.9 million of a reserve related to the non-cancelable lease to its statement of operations in the quarter ended September 30, 2003. The reserve was initially recorded as part of the company’s January 2003 restructuring plan.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

The following discussion and analysis addresses the financial condition of Tellium and its subsidiaries as of September 30, 2003 comparedshould be read in conjunction with December 31, 2002, and our results of operations for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2003 compared with the same period last year, respectively. You should read this discussion and analysis along with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and therelated notes to those statements included elsewhere in this report. In addition to historical information, this report and in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002.

Certain matters discussed in this Form 10-Q are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Sections 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, forecasts, and assumptions. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknownsubject to certain risks and uncertainties that maycould cause actual results to bediffer materially different from the results expressed or implied by thethose reflected in these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q are only made as of the date of this report, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update these forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances. We consider all statements regarding anticipated or future matters, including any statements using forward-lookinguse words such as “anticipate”, “believe”, “could”, “estimate”, “expect”, “intend”, “may”, “should”, “will”, “would”, “projects”, “expects”, “plans”, or other and similar words,expressions to beidentify forward-looking statements. Other factors which could materially affectFactors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, the rate of product purchases by current and prospective customers, general economic conditions, conditions specific to the telecommunications and related industries, new product introductions and enhancements by us and our competitors, competition, manufacturing and sourcing risks. Readers are cautioned that these forward-looking statements or which cause ourare only predictions and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. Readers are referred to differ from estimatesrisks and uncertainties identified below, under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere herein. We undertake no obligation to revise or projections contained in theupdate publicly any forward-looking statements can be found under the heading “Risk Factors” of this Form 10-Q. Shareholders, potential investors, and other readers are urged to consider these factors, among others, carefully in evaluating the forward-looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements.

for any reason.

 

OverviewOVERVIEW

 

We design, develop,were founded in 1999 to offer network service providers a simplified, comprehensive architectural approach to delivering services over their access networks.

We have developed hardware and market high-speed, high-capacity, intelligent optical switching solutionssoftware that simplify the way network service providers deliver communication services to their subscribers. Our Single Line Multi-Service Architecture, or SLMS, is a simplified network architecture that provides broadband and narrowband services over a scalable next-generation local-loop infrastructure. SLMS is designed to extend the speed, reliability and cost-efficiencies currently achieved in the core of the communications network to business and consumer subscribers. Our products enable service providers to use their existing networks to deliver voice, data, video, and entertainment services to their customers. We have designed our products to interoperate with different types of wiring and equipment already deployed in service providers’ networks.

Our Zhone Management System, or ZMS, provides the software tools necessary to manage all of the products, services and subscribers in a SLMS network. ZMS is a single management tool that enables network service providers to quicklyallow instant delivery and cost-effectively deliver new high-speedupgrade of network services. Our products include highly reliable hardware, standards-based operating software, and integrated network planning and network management tools designed to deliver intelligent optical switching for public telecommunications networks.

On July 28, 2003, Tellium and Zhone Technologies, Inc. (“Zhone”) announced that they had entered into a definitive merger agreement.

Under the terms of the agreement, the security holders of Zhone would receive 60% of the combined company’s outstanding fully-converted shares at closing and the security holders of Tellium would continue to hold the remaining 40% of the combined company’s outstanding fully-converted shares as of closing. The exact number of shares Tellium will issue will depend on Tellium’s fully-converted shares outstanding immediately prior to closing. The proposed stock-for-stock transaction is intended to qualify as tax-free to the stockholders of Tellium and Zhone.

The transaction is subject to the approval of each company’s security holders, regulatory review, as well as other customary closing conditions. The transaction is expected to close on or about November 13, 2003 or as soon thereafter as is practicable.

Our revenue declined significantly in fiscal 2002 because of deteriorating conditions in the telecommunications industry, which have caused a rapid and significant decrease in capital spending by telecommunications service providers, including our customers. These unfavorable economic conditions have contributed to our inability to secure additional customers and caused purchases by current customers to significantly decline. Service providers have no longer been able to continue to fund aggressive deployments of equipment, including our products, within their networks. As a result, we have reduced our expectations for future growth in revenue and cash flows. In addition, our stock price continued to decline significantly during 2002ZMS is capable of interfacing with and into 2003. For the foreseeable future, we expect to continue to face a market that is both reducedmanaging other vendors equipment already deployed in size and more difficult to predict and plan for.

On June 24, 2002, in response to these severe economic conditions, we announced a business restructuring plan designed to decrease our operating expenses. We recorded a restructuring charge of approximately $12.8 million associated with a workforce reduction of approximately 200 employees and the consolidation of excess facilities, resulting in non-cancelable lease costs and write down of certain leasehold improvements. On January 9, 2003, we announced a second business restructuring plan to better align ongoing operating costs with industry conditions. We recorded a restructuring charge of approximately $6.7 million in January 2003 for the consolidation of excess facilities, resulting in non-cancelable lease costs and for severance and extended benefits associated with a reduction of our workforce by approximately 130 employees. Together, these restructurings resulted in a reduction in our work force of about 330 employees and restructuring charges of approximately $19.5 million. In addition to normal attrition, the two restructurings contributed significantly to a reduction in our workforce from 544 as of January 1, 2002 to 167 as of September 30, 2003. While the reduction of employees has affected all areas of our business operations, we expect that the restructurings will better align ongoing operating costs with industry conditions.service providers’ networks.

 

We currently have purchase contracts withproducts in three categories: the following three customers: Cable & Wireless Global Networks Limited, Dynegy Connect, L.P.,SLMS product family; the digital loop carrier, or DLC, product family and the multiplexer, or MUX, product family.

We believe that we have assembled the employee base, technological breadth and market presence to provide a simple yet comprehensive set of solutions to the complex problems encountered by network service providers when delivering communications services to subscribers.

Since inception, we have incurred significant operating losses and have an affiliateaccumulated deficit of Dynegy Global Communications, and Qwest Communications Corporation.$609.1 million at March 31, 2004. The three contracts were signed in 1999 and 2000. While the Dynegy, Qwest, and Cable & Wireless contracts originally had a total revenue expectation of $1 billionglobal telecommunications market has deteriorated significantly over the contract periods,last several years. Many of our customers and potential customers have reduced their capital spending during this period and many others have ceased operations. Additional capital spending reductions have continued due to continued uncertainties regarding the state of the global economy, network overcapacity, customer bankruptcies, network build-out delays and limited capital availability. In response to the challenging environment, we realized only limited revenuehave taken the actions that we believe are necessary for our future success. In particular, we have significantly reduced our operating costs through workforce reductions and careful cost controls. We have also taken significant write-downs of inventory, intangible assets and property and equipment. Due to our restructuring activities and careful expense controls, our net loss decreased from $108.6 million in 2002 and no revenueto $17.2 million in the first half of 2003 from Dynegy and Qwest. We realized revenues under the Cable & Wireless contract for the first time in the first quarter of 2003. We do not expect any significant reductions in our overall workforce for at least through the period ending December 2004.

Going forward, our key objectives include the following:

Increasing revenue while continuing to generate significantcarefully control costs;

Continued investments in strategic research and product development activities that will provide the maximum potential return on investment;

Minimizing consumption of our cash and short-term investments; and

Analyzing and pursuing strategic acquisitions that will allow us to expand our customer, technology and/or revenue base.

Basis of Presentation

In November 2003, we consummated our merger with Tellium. Tellium was the surviving entity under corporate law and following the merger its name was changed to Zhone Technologies, Inc. However, due to various factors, including the relative voting rights, board control, and senior management composition of the combined company, the transaction was treated as a reverse merger for accounting purposes, and Zhone was treated as the “acquirer”. As a result, the financial statements of the combined company after the merger reflect the financial results of Zhone on a historical basis after giving effect to the merger exchange ratio to historical share-related data. The results of operations for Tellium were included in the combined company’s results of operations from the effective date of the merger.

In July 2002, in conjunction with our customersequity restructuring, our Board of Directors approved a reverse stock split of our common stock at a ratio of one-for-ten (the “Reverse Split”), causing each outstanding share of common stock to convert automatically into one-tenth of a share of common stock. As a result of the merger with Tellium, stockholders of Zhone prior to the merger received 0.47 of a share of Tellium common stock for each outstanding share of Zhone common stock, following the conversion of all outstanding shares of our preferred stock into common stock.

Stockholders’ equity has been restated to give retroactive recognition to the Reverse Split and the effect of the Tellium merger for all periods presented by reclassifying the excess par value resulting from the reduced number of shares from common stock to paid-in capital. All references to preferred share, common share and per common share amounts for all periods presented have been retroactively restated to reflect the Reverse Split and the effect of the Tellium merger.

In October 2003, in response to an inquiry from the SEC, we restated our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures for the balanceyear ended December 31, 2002 and for the quarters ended June 30, 2003 and March 31, 2003. All information, discussions and comparisons in this report reflect the restatement. The restatement reflected increased non-cash stock-based compensation expense resulting from a change in the estimated fair value of the contract periods comparedour common stock from $0.21 per share to previous forecasts.$3.19 per share. We also hadadjusted the Series AA redeemable preferred stock to reflect a contract with Lockheed Martin that we announceddecrease in April 2002. All obligations under this agreement, other than maintenance for ongoing technical support, were completed inthe estimated fair value from $170.7 million to $126.5 million, or $5.81 per share to $4.31 per share as of July 1, 2002.

 

SinceAcquisitions

As of March 31, 2004, we had completed ten acquisitions of complementary companies, products or technologies to supplement our inception in May 1997,internal growth. To date, we have incurredgenerated a significant losses, and asamount of September 30, 2003, we had an accumulated deficitour revenue from sales of approximately $844.4 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, we had losses of approximately $64.5 million, compared to losses of approximately $356.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002.products obtained through acquisitions.

 

WhileWe are likely to acquire additional businesses, products and technologies in the future. In April 2004, we announced a definitive agreement to acquire Sorrento Networks Corporation in a transaction valued at approximately $97.7 million based on a preliminary valuation. If we complete additional acquisitions in the future, we could consume cash, incur substantial additional debt and other liabilities, incur amortization expenses related to acquired intangible assets or incur large write-offs related to impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets. In addition, future acquisitions may have a significant impact on our short term results of operations, materially impacting revenues or expenses and making period to period comparisons of our results of operations less meaningful.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The policies discussed below are considered by management to be critical because changes in such estimates can materially affect the amount of our reported net income or loss. For all of these policies, management cautions that actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue when the earnings process is complete. We recognize product revenue upon shipment of product under contractual terms which transfer title to customers upon shipment, under normal credit terms, or under sales-type leases, net of estimated sales returns and allowances at the time of shipment. Revenue is deferred if there are significant post-delivery obligations, if collection is not considered reasonably assured at the time of sale, or if the fees are not fixed or determinable. When significant post-delivery obligations exist, revenue is deferred until such obligations are fulfilled. Our arrangements generally do not have any significant post delivery obligations. We offer products and services such as support, education and training, hardware upgrades and extended warranty coverage. For multiple element revenue arrangements, we establish the fair value of these products and services based primarily on sales prices when the products and services are sold separately. When collectibility is not reasonably assured, revenue is recognized when cash is collected. Revenue from education services and support services is recognized over the contract term or as the service is performed. We make certain sales to product distributors. These customers are given certain privileges to return a portion of inventory. We recognize revenue on sales to distributors that have contractual return rights when the products have been sold by the distributors, unless there is sufficient customer specific sales and sales return history to support revenue recognition upon shipment. Revenue from sales of software products is recognized provided that a purchase order has been received, the software has been shipped, collection of the resulting receivable is probable, and the amount of the related fees is fixed or determinable. To date, revenue from software transactions and sales-type leases has not been significant. We accrue for warranty costs, sales returns, and other allowances at the time of shipment based on historical experience and expected future costs.

Allowances for Sales Returns and Doubtful Accounts

We record an allowance for sales returns for estimated future product returns related to current period product revenue. The allowance for sales returns is recorded as a reduction of revenue and an allowance against our accounts receivable. We base our allowance for sales returns on periodic assessments of historical trends in product return rates and current approved returned products. If the actual future returns were to deviate from the historical data on which the reserve had been established, our future revenue could be adversely affected.

We record an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of customers to make payments for amounts owed to us. We base our allowance on periodic assessments of our customers’ liquidity and financial condition through analysis of information obtained from credit rating agencies, financial statement reviews, and historical collection trends. Additional allowances may be required in the future if the liquidity or financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment in their ability to make payments.

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets, including Goodwill and Other Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets

Our long-lived assets consist primarily of goodwill, other acquisition-related intangible assets and property and equipment. We review long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Such events or circumstances include, but are not limited to, a significant decrease in the benefits realized from the acquired business, difficulty and delays in integrating the business or a significant change in the operations of the acquired business or use of an asset. Goodwill and other acquisition-related intangible assets not subject to amortization are tested annually for impairment using a two-step approach, and are tested for impairment more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value.

We estimate the fair value of our long-lived assets based on a combination of the market, income and replacement cost approaches. In the application of the impairment testing, we are required to make estimates of future operating trends and resulting cash flows and judgments on discount rates and other variables. Actual future results and other assumed variables could differ from these estimates.

As of March 31, 2004, we have taken actions$100.3 million of goodwill, $11.1 million of other acquisition-related intangible assets and $22.2 million of property and equipment. Other acquisition-related intangible assets are comprised mainly of technology in place and customer relationships. Many of the entities acquired by us do not have significant tangible assets, as a result, a significant portion of

the purchase price is typically allocated to reduceintangible assets and goodwill. Our future operating performance will be impacted by the future amortization of intangible assets, potential charges related to purchased in-process research and development for future acquisitions, and potential impairment charges related to goodwill. Accordingly, the allocation of the purchase price of the acquired companies to intangible assets and goodwill has a significant impact on our cost structure,future operating results. The allocation process requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, including estimates of future cash flows expected to be generated by the acquired assets and the appropriate discount rate for these cash flows. Should different conditions prevail, we anticipatewould have to perform an impairment review that might result in material write-downs of intangible assets and/or goodwill. Other factors we will continueconsider important which could trigger an impairment review, include, but are not limited to, incur operating losses unlesssignificant changes in the manner of use of our acquired assets, significant changes in the strategy for our overall business or significant negative economic environment improves, carriers resume meaningful spending on optical switches, and our revenue increases significantly compared to current levels. We currently anticipatetrends. If this evaluation indicates that the value of an intangible asset or long-lived asset may be impaired, an assessment of the recoverability of the net carrying value of the asset over its remaining useful life is made. If this assessment indicates that the cost of revenuean intangible asset or long-lived asset is not recoverable, based on the estimated undiscounted future cash flows or other comparable market valuations of the entity or technology acquired over the remaining amortization or depreciation period, the net carrying value of the related intangible asset or long-lived asset will be reduced to fair value and our resulting gross margin will continue tothe remaining amortization or depreciation period may be adversely affected by the reduced demand for our products. Aadjusted. For example, we recorded significant portion of our operating expenses is, and will continue to be, fixed in the short term. During the nine months ended September 30, 2003, we incurred substantial operating losses of approximately $66.8 million, which includesimpairment charges of approximately $25.9during 2001, including $41.7 million related to goodwill and other acquired intangibles. In addition, in the fourth quarter of 2002, we recorded approximately $50.8 million of impairment in property, plant and equipment and other assets. Due to uncertain market conditions and potential changes in our prospectivestrategy and product portfolio, it is possible that forecasts used to support our intangible assets may change in the future, which could result in additional non-cash charges that would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Restructuring Charges

During the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, we recorded charges of $4.5 million and $5.1 million, respectively, in connection with our restructuring programs. These restructuring charges were comprised primarily of: (i) severance and related charges; (ii) facilities and lease cancellations and (iii) write-offs of abandoned equipment. We accounted for each of these costs in accordance with relevant accounting literature as summarized in SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 100,Restructuring and Impairment Charges, Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue No. 94-3,Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (Including Certain Costs Incurred in a Restructuring) and EITF Issue No. 88-10,Costs Associated with Lease Modification or Termination. There were no restructuring charges recorded during the fair market value method of accounting for stock optionsyear ended December 31, 2003 or the three months ended March 31, 2004.

Any such costs incurred in the future will be recorded in accordance with SFAS No. 123. We adopted146,Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activitiesor SFAS No. 123112,Employers Accounting for Post Employment Benefits,and any write-off of abandoned equipment will be accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long Lived Assets.

Actual costs relative to these estimates, along with other estimates made by management in connection with our restructuring programs, may vary significantly depending, in part, on January 1, 2003.factors that may be beyond our control. We have not achieved profitabilityreview the status of any ongoing restructuring activities on a quarterly or an annual basis sinceand, if appropriate, record changes to our inception and anticipate that we will continue to incur net lossesrestructuring obligations in current operations based on our most current estimates.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

We list in the tables below the historical condensed consolidated statement of operations as a percentage of revenue for the foreseeable future. At this time, we have limited visibility into futureperiods indicated.

   Three
Months
Ended
March 31


 
   2004

  2003

 

Net revenue

  100% 100%

Cost of revenue

  57% 54%
   

 

Gross profit

  43% 46%

Operating expenses:

       

Research and product development

  28% 34%

Sales and marketing

  22% 25%

General and administrative

  12% 4%

Purchased in-process research and development

  29% 0%

Stock-based compensation

  3% (15)%

Amortization and impairment of intangible assets

  10% 10%
   

 

Total operating expenses

  104% 59%
   

 

Operating loss

  (61)% (13)%

Other income (expense), net

  (2)% (3)%
   

 

Loss before income taxes

  (63)% (16)%

Income tax provision

  (1)% 0%
   

 

Net loss

  (64)% (16)%
   

 

Revenue

Information about our revenue for products and cannot predict when,services for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003 is summarized below (in millions):

   Three Months Ended March 31,

 
   2004

  2003

  Increase
(Decrease)


  %
change


 

Products

  $19.1  $15.2  $3.9  26%

Services

   1.9   1.9   —    (1)%
   

  

  

    

Total

  $21.0  $17.1  $3.9  23%
   

  

  

    

Information about our revenue for North America and International markets for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003 is summarized below (in millions):

   Three Months Ended March 31,

 
   2004

  2003

  Increase
(Decrease)


  %
change


 

North America

  $17.8  $15.7  $2.1  13%

International

   3.2   1.4   1.8  139%
   

  

  

    

Total

  $21.0  $17.1  $3.9  23%
   

  

  

    

Information about our revenue by product line for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003 is summarized below (in millions):

   Three Months Ended March 31,

 
   2004

  2003

  Increase
(Decrease)


  %
change


 

SLMS

  $9.6  $7.1  $2.5  36%

MUX

   5.1   6.4   (1.3) (21)%

DLC

   6.3   3.6   2.7  78%
   

  

  


   
   $21.0  $17.1  $3.9  23%
   

  

  


   

For the three months ended March 31, 2004, total revenue increased 23% or if,$3.9 million to $21.0 million from $17.1 million for the economic environment andsame period last year. For the three months ended March 31, 2004, product revenue increased by 26% or $3.9 million from the same period last year, due to stabilizing demand for our products compared to the same period last year, in which revenue had declined significantly on a sequential basis from the fourth quarter of 2002. Service revenue decreased modestly for the three months ended March 31, 2004 compared to the same period last year. For the three months ended March 31, 2004, international revenue increased by $1.8 million to $3.2 million compared to $1.4 million for the same period last year. The increase in international revenue was due to sales to one customer in Asia during the period that represented an unusually high purchase volume.

Revenue for our SLMS product family increased by 36%, or $2.5 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2004 as compared to the same period last year. The increase in SLMS revenue was primarily attributable to the one customer in Asia as described above. Revenue for our DLC product family increased by 78%, or $2.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2004 as compared to the same period last year. Revenue for our MUX product line declined by 21% or $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2004 as compared to the same period last year.

While we anticipate focusing our sales and marketing efforts on our SLMS product family in 2004, revenue from the DLC and MUX product families is expected to continue to represent a significant percentage of total revenue, given the current trends in service provider capital spending, which tend to focus more on supporting legacy type revenue generating activities rather than investing in newer, more technologically advanced types of products. We expect that over time, the product mix will improve.continue to shift towards next generation products in SLMS, with MUX and DLC revenues remaining flat or declining as a percentage of total revenues. However in any given quarter, revenue from the MUX and DLC product lines may fluctuate significantly, due to seasonal and other variations in the purchasing patterns for the major customers of these products.

ResultsTwo customers accounted for 11% and 10% of Operationstotal revenue, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2004. One customer accounted for 18% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2003. No other customer accounted for 10% or more of total revenue in either period. Although our largest customers have varied over time, we anticipate that our results of operations in any given period will continue to depend to a great extent on sales to a small number of large accounts. As a result, our revenue for any quarter may be subject to significant volatility based upon changes in orders from one or a small number of key customers.

 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2003 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2002

Cost of Revenue

 

For the three months ended September 30, 2003, we recognizedMarch 31, 2004, cost of revenue increased $2.7 million to $12.0 million compared to $9.3 million for the same period last year. Total cost of approximately $4.9 million, which represents an increaserevenue was 57% of $3.0 million from revenue of approximately $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2002. The increase inMarch 31, 2004, compared to 54% of revenue is primarily due tofor the same period last year. Cost of revenue recognizedwas higher as a resultpercentage of purchases made by Cable & Wireless in connection with the build out of their network in 2003. We had no non-cash charges related to warrant issuancesrevenue for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2004 due primarily to the effect on cost of revenue of stock-based compensation expense. During the three months ended March 31, 2003, which representedcost of revenue included a decreasenet benefit relating to stock-based compensation of $0.5 million over non-cash charges related$445,000, compared to warrant issuances of approximately $0.5 million fora net expense in the same period of the current year of $82,000. The impact of this difference was approximately 3% of revenue. The net benefit in 2002. The decrease in non-cash charges isthe prior year period resulted from a reversal of stock-based compensation due to impairment chargesthe forfeiture of approximately $57.9 million for deferred warrant cost recorded during 2002, reducingunvested shares which exceeded the balanceamortization of deferred warrant cost to $0 ascompensation in that period.

Cost of December 31, 2002. Going forward, we do not expect to record any additional charges related to deferred warrant costs. As a result of the foregoing, revenue net of non-cash charges related to equity issues, increased from approximately $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2002March 31, 2004 was negatively impacted by excess inventory charges and a shift in product mix towards a higher percentage of lower margin DLC products. This effect was offset by the favorable impact of the revenue transaction with the one customer in Asia as described above, for which the inventory had been previously written down. We currently expect that cost of revenue will continue to be approximately $4.9 million57% of revenue for the three months ended Septemberending June 30, 2003. There can be no certainty as to the severity or duration of the current economic downtown or its impact on our future revenue. We expect that revenue in 2003 will be down compared to 2002 although actual results may vary due to changes in the condition of our business.2004.

 

Cost of RevenueResearch and Product Development Expenses

 

For the three months ended September 30, 2003, our cost of revenue totaled approximately $4.8March 31, 2004, research and development expenses increased by $0.2 million which represents a decrease of $9.4to $5.9 million, from cost of revenue of approximately $14.2compared to $5.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2002.same period last year. The decreasemodest increase was primarily due to a reduction in stockhigher compensation expense of approximately $6.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2003 as compared to September 30, 2002. As a result of the restructuring measures taken during the second quarter of 2002 and the first quarter of 2003, overhead expenses decreased from $4.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2002 to $3.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2003. Cost of revenue includes stock-based compensation of approximately $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2003 and approximately $7.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2002. Gross profit was approximately $0.1 million and approximately $(12.8) million for the three months ended September 30, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The approximately $12.9 million increase in gross profit was primarily related to a significant decline in charges for warranty costs and stock compensation expense. Our cost of revenue is largely based on anticipated revenue trends and a high percentage of our costs are, and will continue to be, relatively fixed in the short term, although actual results may vary due to changes in the condition of our business and the consummation of the proposed merger with Zhone Technologies, Inc.expenses.

 

ResearchSales and Development ExpenseMarketing Expenses

 

For the three months ended September 30, 2003, we incurred researchMarch 31, 2004, sales and development expense of approximately $5.9marketing expenses increased by $0.4 million which represents a decrease of $1.9to $4.7 million, from research and development expense of approximately $7.8compared to $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2002.same period last year. The decrease is attributedincrease was primarily to a decrease of research and development personnel expense by approximately $2.3 million in conjunction with workforce reductions in June 2002 and January 2003 offset by an increase of prototype expense by approximately $0.8 million. We expect that research and development expense will not change significantly in future periods, although actual results may vary due to changeshigher commissions, customer service and marketing related expenses driven by the overall increase in the condition of our business and the consummation of the proposed merger with Zhone Technologies, Inc.revenue.

 

SalesGeneral and Marketing ExpenseAdministrative Expenses

 

For the three months ended September 30, 2003,March 31, 2004, general and administrative expenses increased by $1.7 million to $2.5 million, compared to $0.8 million for the same period last year. The significant increase was primarily due to charges related to lease terminations for two excess facilities and increased costs associated with being an SEC registrant.

Purchased In-Process Research and Development Expense

During the three months ended March 31, 2004, we incurred salesrecorded a charge of $6.2 million for purchased in-process research and marketingdevelopment expense relating to the acquisition of approximately $1.8 million,the assets of Gluon Networks. The amount was charged to expense because technological feasibility had not been established and no future alternative uses for the technology existed. The estimated fair value of the purchased in-process research and development was determined using a discounted cash flow model, based on a discount rate which represents a decreasetook into consideration the stage of approximately $1.5 million from salescompletion and marketingrisks associated with developing the technology. No charges for purchased in-process research and development were recorded in the same period last year.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense of approximately $3.3was $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2002. The decreaseMarch 31, 2004, compared to a benefit of $3.0 million for the same period last year. Stock-based compensation expense primarily resulted primarily from the difference between the fair value of our common stock and the exercise price for stock options granted to employees on the date of grant. We amortize the resulting deferred compensation over the vesting periods of the applicable options using an accelerated method, which can result in a reduction of sales and marketing personnelnet credit to stock-based compensation expense by approximately $.8 million andduring a decline of expenses for advertising and promotion by approximately $0.4 million. In order to decrease sales and marketing expenses in future periods, we will continue to engage in more targeted marketing using focused and lower-cost programs specifically addressing geographic markets withparticular period, if the potential of near-term customer opportunities. This is in contrast to our more broad-based market-wide marketing activities of past periods, which were inherently more comprehensive and therefore more expensive. We expect that sales and marketing expense will not change significantly in future periods, although actual results may varyamount reversed due to changesthe forfeiture of unvested shares exceeds the amortization of deferred compensation. During the three months ended March 31, 2003, the amount reversed due to the forfeiture of unvested shares exceeded the amortization of deferred compensation, resulting in the conditiona net benefit of our business and the consummation of the proposed merger with Zhone Technologies, Inc.$3.0 million.

 

GeneralFor the three month periods ended March 31, 2004 and Administrative Expense2003, stock-based compensation expense consisted of (in thousands):

   Three Months Ended

 
   March 31,
2004


  March 31,
2003


 

Amortization of deferred compensation

  $678  $2,073 

Benefit due to reversal of previously recorded stock-based compensation expense on forfeited shares

   (7)  (5,092)

Compensation expense (benefit) relating to non-employees

   (61)  1 

Compensation expense relating to exchange of stock options

   —     3 
   


 


   $610  $(3,015)
   


 


Amortization and Impairment of Intangibles

 

For the three months ended September 30, 2003, we incurred general and administrative expenseMarch 31, 2004 amortization of approximately $6.0intangibles increased by $0.3 million which represents a decrease of $1.5 million from general and administrative expense of approximately $7.5 million forcompared to the three months ended September 30, 2002. The decrease was primarilysame period last year, due to a decreasethe acquisitions of facilities expenses by approximately $0.6 millioneLuminant in February 2003 and personnel-related expenses by approximately $0.7 millionGluon in conjunction with workforce reductions in June 2002 and January 2003. We expect that general and administrative expense will not change significantly in future periods, although actual results may vary due to changes in the condition of our business and the consummation of the proposed merger with Zhone Technologies, Inc.February 2004.

 

Amortization of Intangible Assets

We incurred no amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2003, which represents a decrease of $0.1 million from amortization expense of approximately $.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2002. For the three months ended September 30, 2002, these amounts were due to the amortization of identifiable intangible assets relating to our acquisition of Astarte in 2000 and an intellectual property license from AT&T Corp. in 2000, both of which were amortized over an estimated useful life of five years. The decrease in amortization expense is due to impairment charges of approximately $53.1 million in 2002, which reduced the remaining balance of intangible assets to $0 as of December 31, 2002.

Restructuring and Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

As a result of the settlement with 185 Monmouth Parkway Associates and other parties described in Note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements presented above, the company has reversed approximately $1.9 million of a reserve related to the non-cancelable lease to its statement of operations in the quarter ended September 30, 2003. The reserve was initially recorded as part of the company’s January 2003 restructuring plan.

Stock-Based Compensation ExpenseOther Income (Expense), Net

 

For the three months ended September 30, 2003, we recorded stock-based compensationMarch 31, 2004, other income (expense), net decreased by $0.1 million compared to $0.5 million for the same period last year. The detail is as follows (in thousands):

   Three Months
Ended March 31,


 
   2004

  2003

 

Interest expense

  $(899) $(1,014)

Interest income

   394   50 

Other income (expense)

   71   431 
   


 


   $(434) $(533)
   


 


Interest expense of approximately $4.3 million, which represents a decrease of $86.0 million from stock-based compensation expense of approximately $90.3 milliondecreased for the three months ended September 30, 2002. The decrease was primarily due to the completion of our stock option exchange program for employees on September 4, 2002, which resulted in charges of approximately $55.6 million, of which approximately $54.9 million was recorded as deferred compensation expense prior to our initial public offering, and the remainder represents the fair market value of the share awards. In addition, during the third quarter of 2002, we recorded a charge of approximately $26.9 million related to the accounting for proposed changes to our management incentive program, including notes receivables from 12 employees (see Note 10, “Stockholders’ Equity” of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) above), in accordance with EITF Issue No. 00-23, “Issues Related to the Accounting for Stock Compensation under APB Opinion No. 25 and FASB Interpretation No. 44.”

Interest Income, Net

For the three months ended September 30, 2003, we recorded interest income, net of interest expense, of approximately $0.4 million, which represents a decrease of $0.3 million from interest income, net of interest expense, of approximately $.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2002. Net interest income consists of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalent balances, offset by interest expense related to outstanding borrowings. The decrease in our interest income is primarily attributable a lower average cash balance and to lower interest rates for the three months ended September 30, 2003,March 31, 2004 as compared to the same period last year due primarily to a decrease in 2002.

Income Taxes

We recorded nothe amount of average outstanding borrowings. Interest income tax provision or benefitincreased for the three months ended September 30, 2003 and 2002, due to our operating loss position and the uncertainty of our ability to realize our deferred income tax assets, including our net operating loss carry forwards.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2003 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2002

Revenue

For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, we recognized revenue of approximately $25.2 million, which represents a decrease of $33.8 million from revenue of approximately $59.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002. The decrease is primarily due to unfavorable economic conditions resulting in significantly reduced capital expenditures of our existing customers and a corresponding decrease of purchases of our products during the first nine months of 2003 compared to the same period of 2002. Non-cash charges related to warrant issuances totaled $0 for the nine months ended September 30, 2003, which represented a decrease of $36.7 million over non-cash charges related to warrant issuances of approximately $36.7 million for the same period in 2002. The decrease in non-cash charges is due to impairment charges of approximately $57.9 million for deferred warrant cost recorded during 2002, reducing the balance of deferred warrant cost to $0 as of DecemberMarch 31, 2002. Going forward, we do not expect to record any additional charges related to deferred warrant cost. As a result of the foregoing, revenue, net of non-cash charges related to equity issues, increased from approximately $22.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to approximately $25.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. There can be no certainty as to the severity or duration of the current economic downtown or its impact on our future revenue. We expect that revenue in 2003 will be down compared to 2002 although actual results may vary due to changes in the condition of our business.

Cost of Revenue

For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, our cost of revenue totaled approximately $20.0 million, which represents a decrease of $51.3 million from cost of revenue of approximately $71.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002. The decrease was primarily due to reduced material cost of approximately $4.6 million related to the corresponding decrease in revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2003, a decrease in inventory reserves of $21.9 million and reduced overhead expenses of approximately $3.3 million as a result of the workforce reduction during 2002 and 2003. In addition, cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 included charges for excess and obsolete inventory of approximately $16.8 million, while there were no corresponding charges for the same period in 2003. Cost of revenue includes stock-based compensation of approximately $5.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 and approximately $10.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002. This decrease of $4.8 million was primarily a result of the completion of our stock option exchange program for employees on September 4, 2002. Gross profit (loss) was approximately $5.1 million and approximately $(48.9) million for the three months ended September 30, 2003 and 2002, respectively. This increase of $54.0 million was primarily related to significant inventory and warrant charges taken during the first nine months of 2002. Our cost of revenue is largely based on anticipated revenue trends and a high percentage of our costs are, and will continue to be, relatively fixed in the short term, although actual results may vary due to changes in the condition of our business and the consummation of the proposed merger with Zhone Technologies, Inc.

Research and Development Expense

For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, we incurred research and development expense of approximately $17.4 million, which represents a decrease of $18.2 million from research and development expense of approximately $35.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2002. The decrease is attributed primarily to a decrease of research and development personnel expense by approximately $14.9 million in conjunction with workforce reductions in June 2002 and January 2003 and reduced prototype expenses. We expect that research and development expense will not change significantly in future periods, although actual results may vary due to changes in the condition of our business and the consummation of the proposed merger with Zhone Technologies, Inc.

Sales and Marketing Expense

For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, we incurred sales and marketing expense of approximately $6.1 million, which represents a decrease of approximately $9.0 million from sales and marketing expense of approximately $15.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002. The decrease resulted primarily from a reduction of sales and marketing personnel expense by approximately $4.7 million and a decline of expenses for advertising and promotion by approximately $2.5 million. In order to decrease sales and marketing expenses in future periods, we will continue to engage in more targeted marketing using focused and lower-cost programs specifically addressing geographic markets with the potential of near-term customer opportunities. This is in contrast to our more broad-based market-wide marketing activities of past periods, which were inherently more comprehensive and therefore more expensive. We expect that sales and marketing expense will not change significantly in future periods, although actual results may vary due to changes in the condition of our business and the consummation of the proposed merger with Zhone Technologies, Inc.

General and Administrative Expense

For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, we incurred general and administrative expense of approximately $17.7 million, which represents a decrease of $5.6 million from general and administrative expense of approximately $23.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of facilities expenses by approximately $1.8 million, depreciation by approximately $1.7 million and personnel-related expenses by approximately $1.9 million. We expect that general and administrative expense will not change significantly in future periods, although actual results may vary due to changes in the condition of our business and the consummation of the proposed merger with Zhone Technologies, Inc.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

We incurred no amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2003, which represents a decrease of $6.9 million from amortization expense of approximately $6.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002. For the nine months ended September 30, 2002, these amounts were due to the amortization

of identifiable intangible assets relating to our acquisition of Astarte in 2000 and an intellectual property license from AT&T Corp. in 2000, both of which were amortized over an estimated useful life of five years. The decrease in amortization expense is due to impairment charges of approximately $53.1 million in 2002, which reduced the remaining balance of intangible assets to $0 as of December 31, 2002.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, we recorded stock-based compensation expense of approximately $30.5 million, which represents a decrease of $87.2 million from stock-based compensation expense of approximately $117.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002. The decrease was primarily due to the completion of our stock option exchange program for employees on September 4, 2002, which resulted in charges of approximately $55.6 million, of which approximately $54.9 million was recorded as deferred compensation expense prior to our initial public offering, and the remainder represents the fair market value of the share awards. In addition, during the third quarter of 2002, we recorded a charge of approximately $26.9 million related to the accounting for proposed changes to our management incentive program, including notes receivables from 12 employees (see Note 10, “Stockholders’ Equity” of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) above), in accordance with EITF Issue No. 00-23, “Issues Related to the Accounting for Stock Compensation under APB Opinion No. 25 and FASB Interpretation No. 44.” The decrease was offset by the adoption of SFAS No. 123. Prior to 2003, we accounted for stock-based employee compensation arrangements under the recognition and measurement provisions of APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (APB No. 25) and related interpretations. Effective January 1, 2003, we adopted the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.” We selected the prospective method of adoption described in SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation-Transition and Disclosure.” This method applies fair value accounting to all new grants and modification or settlement of old grants after the beginning of the year of adoption. All other old grants will continue to be accounted for under the intrinsic value provision of APB No. 25. We recorded approximately $25.9 million stock-based compensation for new grants, which is included in the $30.5 million in stock-based compensation recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. The remaining $4.6 million of stock-based compensation recorded in the first nine months of 2003 related to grants existing prior to January 1, 2003.

Restructuring and Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Continued deteriorating conditions in the telecommunications industry have contributed to our inability to secure additional customers and caused purchases by current customers to decline. On January 9, 2003, in response to these conditions, we announced a business restructuring plan designed to decrease our operating expenses. We recorded a restructuring charge of approximately $6.7 million associated with a workforce reduction and the consolidation of excess facilities, resulting in non-cancelable lease costs.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2003, we terminated approximately 130 employees. During the first quarter of 2003, we recorded charges for the workforce reduction of approximately $3.2 million primarily related to severance and extended benefits. In addition, we recorded a charge of approximately $3.5 million related to the consolidation of facilities. As a result of the settlement with 185 Monmouth Parkway Associates and other parties described in Note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements presented above, the company has reversed approximately $1.9 million of a reserve related to the non-cancelable lease to its statement of operations in the quarter ended September 30, 2003. The reserve was initially recorded as part of the company’s January 2003 restructuring plan.

In addition, during the first quarter of 2003, we wrote down net property, plant, and equipment by approximately $0.7 million. These charges cover assets idled by restructuring for which we have a committed disposal plan.

We do not believe that the restructuring program will have a material impact on revenues. We expect that the actions described above will result in an estimated annual reduction in employee-related expenses and cash flows of approximately $10 to $15 million.

Other Income, Net

For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, we recorded other income, net of other expense, of approximately $1.0 million, which represents an increase of $1.0 million from other income, net of other expense, of approximately $0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002. The increase was primarily due to a payment of approximately $1.0 million received from an insurance policy during the nine months ended September 30, 2003.

Interest Income, Net

For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, we recorded interest income, net of interest expense, of approximately $1.3 million, which represents a decrease of $1.4 million from interest income, net of interest expense, of approximately $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002. Net interest income consists of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalent balances, offset by interest expense related to outstanding borrowings. The decrease in our interest income for this period is primarily attributable a lower average cash balance and to lower interest rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2003,2004 as compared to the same period in 2002.last year due primarily to higher average balances of cash and short-term investments.

Income Taxes

We recorded no income tax provision or benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2002, due to our operating loss position and the uncertainty of our ability to realize our deferred income tax assets, including our net operating loss carry forwards.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

WeHistorically, we have financed our operations through private sales of capital stock and borrowings under various debt arrangements. Following the completion of our merger with Tellium, Inc. in November 2003, in which our common stock became publicly traded, we expect to finance our operations primarily through a combination of our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, available cash. Ascredit facilities, and sales of September 30, 2003,equity and debt instruments, based on our operating requirements and market conditions.

At March 31, 2004, cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, all of which are available to fund current operations, were $90.0 million. This amount includes cash and cash equivalents totaled approximately $140.9 million, compared to $171.0of $45.1 million, as ofcompared with $32.5 million at December 31, 2002. As2003. The increase in cash and cash equivalents of September 30, 2003, our working capital totaled approximately $137.5$12.6 million compared to $154.1 million as of December 31, 2002. The decrease was primarily dueattributable to cash used in operating activities.

Cash used in operatingprovided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 was approximately $34.9of $20.1 million which represents an increaseand cash provided by financing activities of $10.1$9.9 million fromoffset by cash used in operating activities of approximately $24.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002. The increase reflects primarily net losses of approximately $66.4 million. The net losses and the increase in accounts receivable of approximately $15.1 million were only partly offset by non-cash charges of approximately $30.5 million and depreciation and amortization of approximately $14.6$17.4 million.

 

We used insignificant amounts ofNet cash inprovided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 due to decreased capital requirements during nine months ended September 30, 2003. Cash used in investing activitiesconsisted primarily of approximately $5.6 million was unchanged fromnet maturities of short-term investments of $20.8 million. Net cash used in investing activities of approximately $5.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002.

Cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 was approximately $4.9 million, whileconsisted primarily of net borrowings under our line of credit of $9.7 million. Net cash used in operating activities consisted of the net loss of $13.4 million, adjusted for non-cash charges totaling $9.1 million and changes in operating assets and liabilities totaling $13.1 million. The most significant components of the changes in operating assets and liabilities were a decrease in accrued expenses of $6.5 million and an increase in inventories of $4.1 million.

As a result of the financial demands of major network deployments and the difficulty in accessing capital markets, network service providers continue to request financing activitiesassistance from their suppliers. From time to time we may provide or commit to extend credit or credit support to our customers. This financing may include extending credit to customers or guaranteeing the indebtedness of customers to third parties. Depending upon market conditions, we may seek to factor these arrangements to financial institutions and investors to free up our capital and reduce the amount of our financial commitments for such arrangements. Our ability to provide customer financing is limited and depends upon a number of factors, including our capital structure, the level of our available credit and our ability to factor commitments to third parties. Any extension of financing to our customers will limit the capital that we have available for other uses. Currently, we do not have any significant customer financing related commitments.

Currently, our primary source of liquidity comes from our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, which totaled $90.0 million at March 31, 2004, and our line of credit agreement, under which $14.5 million was approximately $5.0outstanding at March 31, 2004, and an additional $7.1 million was committed as security for the nine months ended September 30, 2002. Cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended September 30, 2003

was primarily attributable to proceeds of $2.9 million from the issuance of common stockobligations under our employee stock purchase plansecured real estate loan facility and stock incentive plans. Cash used in investing activities during the three months ended September 30,2003 was primarily attributed to paymentsother letters of $0.7 million against our outstanding $1.9 million bank loan.

During the year ended December 31, 2000,credit. In February 2004, we entered into a $10.0 millionnew line of credit agreement with Commerce Bank/Shore, N.A.the same financial institution that had provided our previous working capital financing. The new line of credit bears interest atagreement has a ratemaximum credit limit of 2.5% per annum and expires on January 1, 2004. As of December 31, 2002 and September 30, 2003, approximately $8.0$25.0 million was outstandingwith no borrowing base restrictions. Borrowings under this line of credit. There are no financial covenants related to this line of credit. We do not intend to renew thisthe line of credit after the expiration date.

On June 16, 2003, we obtained a $1.9 million bank loan from A.I. Credit Corporation. The loan is secured by a letter of credit from Bank of America, N.A. and bearsagreement bear interest at athe financial institution’s prime rate or LIBOR plus 2.9%, at the election of 4.77% per annum. Principal and interest are payable in monthly installments from July 17, 2003 through February 17, 2004. As of September 30, 2003, approximately $1.2 million was outstanding under this bank loan.

We do not engage in any off-balance sheet financing arrangements. We have not entered into any agreements for derivative financial instruments and have no obligations to provide vendor financing to our customers.the borrower.

 

Our expenses have exceeded,short-term investments are classified as available-for-sale and inconsist of securities that are readily convertible to cash, including certificates of deposits, commercial paper and government securities, with original maturities at the foreseeable future are expecteddate of acquisition ranging from 90 days to exceed, our revenue. Our future liquidity and capital requirements will depend upon numerous factors, including an improvement in the current economic environment, a significant increase in our revenues compared to current levels, expansion of operations, product development, increased sales and marketing to existing and potential customers, or significant adverse effects from litigation and other matters. If capital requirements vary materially from those currently planned, we may require additional financing sooner than anticipated. Any additional equity financing may be dilutive to our stockholders and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants with respect to dividends, raising capital and other financial and operational matters that could restrict our operations.

one year. At current revenue levels, we anticipate that some portion of our availableexisting cash and cash equivalents and investments will continue to be consumed by operations. If

In March 2004, we filed a Form S-3 Registration Statement which will allow us to sell, from time to time, up to $100 million of our common stock or other securities. Although we may use this multi-purpose shelf registration to raise additional capital, there can be no certainty as to when or if we may offer any securities under the shelf registration or what the terms of any such offering would be.

Our accounts receivable, while not considered a primary source of liquidity, represents a concentration of credit risk because a significant portion of the accounts receivable balance at any point in time typically consists of a relatively small number of customer account balances. At March 31, 2004, three customers represented 24%, 16% and 10%, respectively, of our total accounts receivable balance. Our fixed commitments for cash expenditures consist primarily of payments under operating leases, inventory purchase commitments, and payments of principal and interest for debt obligations. We do not obtain revenuescurrently have any material commitments for capital expenditures, or any other material commitments aside from operating leases for our customers or new customers, we will continue to use our available cashfacilities, inventory purchase commitments and debt. We currently intend to fund our operating activities. We may also use a portionoperations for the foreseeable future using our existing cash, cash equivalents and investments and liquidity available under our line of our available cash, and may need additional capital, to acquire or invest in businesses, technologies or products that are complementary to our business. We have not determined the amounts we plan to spend on any of the uses described above or the timing of these expenditures.credit agreement.

 

Based on our current plans and business conditions, we believe that our currentexisting cash, cash equivalents and investments and our line ofavailable credit facilities will enable usbe sufficient to meetsatisfy our working capital, capital expenditure, and other liquidityanticipated cash requirements for at least the next 12twelve months.

Contractual Commitments and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We have noAt March 31, 2004, our future contractual obligations other than thosecommitments by fiscal year were as follows (in thousands):

   Total

  Remainder
of 2004


  2005

  2006

  2007

Operating leases

  $6,665  $4,785  $1,113  $425  $342

Debt

   32,681   644   934   31,103   —  

Inventory purchase commitments

   4,574   4,574   —     —     —  
   

  

  

  

  

Total future contractual commitments

  $43,920  $10,003  $2,047  $31,528  $342
   

  

  

  

  

The amounts shown above represent off-balance sheet arrangements to the extent that a liability is not already recorded on our balance sheet. For operating lease commitments, a liability is generally not recorded on our balance sheet exceptunless the facility represents an excess facility for which an estimate of the facility exit costs has been recorded on our balance sheet. Payments made under operating lease agreementsleases will be treated as rent expense for the facilities currently being utilized. For debt obligations, the amounts shown above represent the scheduled principal repayments, but not the associated interest payments which expiremay vary based on various dates through 2007.changes in market interest rates. At March 31, 2004, the interest rate on our outstanding debt obligations was 8.0%. Inventory purchase commitments represent the amount of excess inventory purchase commitments that have been recorded on our balance sheet at March 31, 2004.

 

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

On November 3, 2003, we announced today thatWe also had commitments under outstanding letters of credit totaling $0.6 million at March 31, 2004. We have recorded restricted cash on our board of directors had unanimously approved a one-for-four reverse stock split of the company’s outstanding common stock. The reverse stock split was approved by the Tellium stockholders at the annual meeting of stockholders on May 21, 2003. As a result of the reverse stock split, every four shares of Tellium common stock will be exchanged for one share of Tellium common stock. Consummation of the reverse stock split is subject to stockholder approval of the proposed merger between the company and Zhone Technologies, Inc. and will be effective immediately priorbalance sheet equal to the closingamount outstanding under these letters of the merger. The company currently anticipates that the reverse stock split and the merger will be effective on November 13, 2003, or as soon thereafter as is practicable, after each company holds a special meeting of its stockholders to approve the merger.credit.

As a result of the settlement with 185 Monmouth Parkway Associates and other parties described in Note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements presented above, the company has reversed approximately $1.9 million of a reserve related to the non-cancelable lease to its statement of operations in the quarter ended September 30, 2003. The reserve was initially recorded as part of the company’s January 2003 restructuring plan.

RISK FACTORS

 

Certain matters discussedYou should carefully consider the following risk factors, in addition to the other information set forth in this Form 10-Q are “forward-looking statements” within the meaningreport, before making any investment decisions regarding our company. Each of Sections 27Athese risk factors could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of the Securities Act of 1933 and 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, forecasts, and assumptions that involve risks and uncertainties. We consider all statements regarding anticipated or future matters, including without limitation the following, to be forward-looking statements:

our expected future revenue, liquidity, cash flows, expenses, and levels of net losses;
our ability to sell additional products to our existing customers, add new customers, and develop new products that meet our customers’ needs;
our expectation that research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses will not change significantly in future periods;
our ability to vigorously defend any legal claims or pursue any counter-claims in connection with the Corning arbitration, the securities class action lawsuits, and/or the shareholder derivative lawsuits;
our expectation that we will continue to meet all of the Nasdaq SmallCap Market listing requirements;
our anticipation that the merger with Zhone will close on or about November 13, 2003, or as soon thereafter as is practicable; and
any statements using forward-looking words, such as “anticipate”, “believe”, “could”, “estimate”, “intend”, “may”, “should”, “will”, “would”, “projects”, “expects”, “plans”, or other similar words.

These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q are only made as of the date of this report, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update these forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances. Shareholders, potential investors, and other readers are urged to consider carefully the following factors, among others, in evaluating the forward-looking statements:

operations.

 

Risks Related To Our Business And Financial Results

We have incurred significant losses to date and expect to continue to incur losses in the future, which may cause our stock price to decline.

We have incurred significant losses to date and expect to continue to incur losses in the future. We had net losses of approximately $64.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 and approximately $356.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002. As of September 30, 2002 and 2003, we had an

accumulated deficit of approximately $723.4 million and approximately $844.4 million, respectively. We have significant fixed expenses and expect to continue to incur significant manufacturing, research and development, sales and marketing, administrative, and other expenses in connection with the ongoing development of our business. In order to become profitable, we will need to generate and sustain higher revenue. If we do not generate sufficient revenue to achieve or sustain profitability, our stock price could continue to decline.

Our business has been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by recent unfavorable developments in the communications industry, world events, and the economy in general.

Our customers are experiencing a severe economic slowdown that could lead to a further decrease in our revenue. For much of the last five years, the market for our equipment has been influenced by the entry into the communications services business of a substantial number of new telecommunications companies. In the United States, this was due largely to changes in the regulatory environment, in particular those brought about by the Telecommunications Act of 1996. These new companies raised billions of dollars in capital, much of which they invested in new equipment, causing acceleration in the growth of the market for telecommunications equipment. Recently, we have seen a reversal of this trend, including the failure of a large number of the new entrants and a sharp contraction of the availability of capital to the industry. This, in turn, has caused a substantial reduction in demand for telecommunications equipment, including our products.

The amount of debt being held by our carrier customers, and the continued cuts to capital spending, put our customers’ and potential customers’ businesses in jeopardy. Our operating results and financial condition consequently could be materially and adversely affected in ways we cannot foresee.

This industry trend has been compounded by the slow growth of the United States economy, as well as weak performance by economies in virtually all of the countries in which we are marketing our products. The combination of these factors has caused customers to become more conservative in their capital investment plans and more uncertain about their future purchases. As a consequence, we are facing a market that is both reduced in absolute size and more difficult to predict and plan for.

We expect the factors described above to affect our business for at least several more quarters, if not longer, in several significant ways. It is likely that our markets will be characterized by reduced capital expenditures by our customers. It is possible that a recovery in spending by carriers in our equipment will lag the general recovery in telecommunications spending. Although we have implemented restructuring plans to reduce our business expenses, our costs are largely based on the requirements that we believe are necessary to support our sales efforts and a high percentage of our expenses are, and will continue to be, fixed. As a result, we currently expect to continue to incur operating losses unless revenue increases significantly.

Current unfavorable economic and market conditions combined with our limited operating history makes forecasting our future revenues and operating results difficult, which may impair our ability to manage our business and your ability to assess our prospects.

We began our business operations in May 1997 and shipped our first optical switch in January 1999. We have limited meaningful historical financial and operational data upon which we can base projected revenue and planned operating expenses and upon which you may evaluate us and our prospects. As a young company in the unpredictable telecommunications industry, which is in the midst of a prolonged downturn, we face risks relating to our ability to implement our business plan, including our ability to continue to develop and upgrade our technology and our ability to maintain and develop customer and supplier relationships. You should consider our business and prospects in light of the heightened risks and unexpected expenses and problems we may face as a company in an early stage of development in the currently difficult telecommunications market.

We have entered into a merger agreement with Zhone Technologies, Inc.Sorrento Networks Corporation. Failure to complete the merger with ZhoneSorrento could have ana material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

We have entered into a merger agreement with Zhone Technologies, Inc. On completion of the merger, our existing security holders would own approximately 40% of the combined company’s outstanding securities on a fully-converted basis. The mergerSorrento, which is subject to the approval of the stockholders of both TelliumZhone and Zhone. It is also subject to a number of other closing conditions.Sorrento. There can be no assurance that the merger will occur or, if it does, what effect it will have on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We expect to completeCompletion of the merger is subject to several closing conditions, including obtaining requisite regulatory and stockholder approvals. In addition, Sorrento is required to have a minimum closing cash balance of $5 million after payment of all legal, accounting, banking, severance and bonus obligations, and must secure the election of the holders of at least 75% of its outstanding PIPE warrants to receive warrants to purchase Zhone common stock in the merger in exchange for their PIPE warrants. Zhone and Sorrento may be unable to obtain such approvals on a timely basis or about November 13, 2003, or as soon thereafter as is practicable.at all. If the merger with ZhoneSorrento is not completed, we could suffer a number of consequences that would adversely effectaffect our business, including:

 

the diversion of management’s attention from our day-to-day business and the unavoidable disruption of our employees and our relationships with customers as a result of efforts and relating to the merger;

uncertainties relating to the anticipated merger may detract from our ability to grow revenues and minimize costs, which, in turn, may lead to a loss of market position;

 

the significant expenses we have incurred and will continue to incur in connection with the proposed transaction;transaction, and;

 

the possibility that termination of the merger agreement under some circumstances would require Tellium to pay Zhone a termination fee of $3 million orus to reimburse expenses incurred by Zhone.Sorrento up to $1 million.

 

        We have filed a joint proxy statement/prospectus with the Securities and Exchange Commission and mailed it to all holders of Tellium stock. The definitive joint proxy statement/prospectus contains important information about Tellium, Zhone, and the proposed merger, risks related to the merger and the combined company, and related matters. We urge you to read the definitive joint proxy statement/prospectus filed with the SEC on October 15, 2003.

We may not achieve the benefits we expect from the merger with Zhone,Sorrento, which may have a material adverse effect on the combined company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

The combined company will need to overcome significant challenges in order to realize any benefits or synergies from the merger, including timely, efficient and successful execution of a number of post-merger strategies, including:

 

combining the operations of the two companies;

 

integrating and managing the combined company;

 

retaining and assimilating the key personnel of each company;

retaining existing customers of both companies;

resolving the outstanding management loans we have with three of our executive officers, including any claims they may assert under the terms of agreements they signed in July 2002 that were determined by our board of directors to be void and unenforceable against us;

 

retaining strategic partners of each company; and

 

creating and maintaining uniform standards, controls, procedures, policies, and information.

 

The execution of these post-merger strategies will involve considerable risks and may not be successful. These risks include:

 

the potential disruption of the combined company’s ongoing business and distraction of its management;

 

unanticipated expenses and potential delays related to integration of technology and other resources of the two companies;

 

the significant expenses the combined company will incur in connection with the proposed transaction, including transaction and severance costs and costs in connection with resolving the outstanding management loans we have with three of our executive officers;transaction;

 

the impairment of relationships with employees, suppliers, and customers as a result of any integration of new management personnel; and

 

potential unknown liabilities associated with the merger and the combined operations.

Failure to overcome these risks or any other problems encountered in connection with the merger could slow the growth of the combined company or lower the quality of its services, which could reduce customer demand and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have incurred significant losses to date and expect that we will alsocontinue to incur losses in the foreseeable future. If we fail to generate sufficient revenue to achieve or sustain profitability, our stock price could decline.

We have incurred significant losses to date and expect that we will to continue to incur losses in the foreseeable future. Our net losses for 2003 and 2002 were $17.2 million and $108.6 million, respectively. Our net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2004 was $13.4 million, and we had an accumulated deficit of $609.1 million at March 31, 2004.

We have not generated positive cash flow from operations since inception, and expect this trend to continue for the foreseeable future. We have significant fixed expenses and expect that we will continue to incur substantial non-cash chargesmanufacturing, research and product development, sales and marketing, customer support, administrative and other expenses in connection with the mergerongoing development of the business. In addition, we may be required to spend more on research and product development than originally budgeted to respond to industry trends. We may also incur significant new costs related to goodwillpossible acquisitions and amortizationthe integration of other intangibles.

We expectnew technologies. Further, as 2004 is the first full year that future revenue, if any,we will be generated from a limited numbersubject to SEC reporting obligations and given the increased costs associated with compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of customers. The deterioration of our relationships with our customers has had, and will continue to have, a significant negative impact on our revenue and cause us to continue2002, we are likely to incur substantialincreased expenses related to regulatory and legal compliance. We may not be able to adequately control costs and expenses or achieve or maintain adequate operating losses.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, we derived limited revenue from Cable & Wireless and no revenue from Dynegy Connect or Qwest. We do not expect any significant purchases by any of our customers in future periods.

In May, 2003, 360networks Corporation acquired Dynegy, Inc.’s North American communications business, including Dynegy’s high-capacity broadband network, existing customer base, remaining fiber leases, and co-location facilities. It is unlikely that 360networks will purchase any of our equipment in future periods.

In light of current market conditions, we do not expect any significant purchases to be made by Qwest for the foreseeable future.

In 2003, Cable & Wireless began deployment of our switches in their global network. Under our agreement with Cable & Wireless, Cable & Wireless may, but is not obligated to, place additional orders for our equipment.

In June 2002 and again in January 2003, we announcedmargins. As a business restructuring that included a significant reduction in our research and development efforts, including the Aurora Optical Switch. This may negatively impactresult, our ability to secure additionalachieve and sustain profitability will depend on our ability to generate and sustain substantially higher revenue from our current customers.

while maintaining reasonable cost and expense levels. If any of our customers terminates its contract with uswe fail to generate sufficient revenue to achieve or does not make future purchases of our products,sustain profitability, we will continue to incur substantial operating losses and our stock price could decline.

We have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by recent unfavorable developments in the communications industry, world events and the economy in general.

Our customers and potential customers continue to experience a severe economic slowdown that has led to significant decreases in their revenues. For most of the last five years, the markets for our equipment have been influenced by the entry into the communications services business of a substantial number of new telecommunications companies. In the United States, this was due largely to changes in the regulatory environment, in particular those brought about by the Telecommunications Act of 1996. These new companies raised significant amounts of capital, much of which will seriously harmthey invested in new equipment, causing acceleration in the growth of the markets for telecommunications equipment. More recently, there has been a reversal of this trend, including the failure of a large number of the new entrants and a sharp contraction of the availability of capital to the industry. This industry trend has been compounded by the slowing not only of the U.S. economy, but the economies in virtually all of the countries in which we market our products. This, in turn, has caused a substantial reduction in demand for our equipment.

The continuing acts and threats of terrorism and the geo-political uncertainties in other continents are also having an adverse effect on the U.S. economy and could possibly induce or accelerate the advent of a more severe economic downturn. The U.S. government’s political, social and economic policies and policy changes as a result of these circumstances could have consequences that we cannot predict, including causing further weaknesses in the economy. The long-term impact of these events on our business is uncertain. Additionally, the amount of debt incurred by our customers, and the continued reductions in capital spending, puts the businesses of certain of our customers and potential customers in jeopardy. As a result, our operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Capital constraints in the telecommunications industry could restrict the ability of our customers to buy our products.

As a result of the economic slowdown affecting the telecommunications industry and the technology industry in general, our customers and potential customers have significantly reduced the rate of their capital expenditures, and as result, our revenue declined by 26% from 2002 to 2003. The reduction of capital equipment acquisition budgets or the inability of our current and prospective customers to obtain capital could cause them to reduce or discontinue purchase of our products, and as a result we could experience reduced revenues and our operating results could be adversely impacted. In addition, many of the current and prospective customers for our products are emerging companies with limited operating histories. These companies require substantial capital for the development, construction and expansion of their businesses. Neither equity nor debt financing may be available to these companies on favorable terms, if at all. To the extent that these companies are unable to obtain the financing they need, our ability to build a successful ongoing business.make future

sales to these customers and realize revenue from any such sales could be harmed. In addition, to the extent we choose to provide financing to these prospective customers, we will be subject to additional financial risk which could cause our expenses to increase.

 

If we do not attract new customers,Our future operating results are difficult to predict due to our revenue may not increase and may decrease.limited operating history.

 

We mustbegan operations in September 1999. Although we expect that our internally developed Single Line Multi-Service, or SLMS, product line will account for a substantial portion of our revenue in the future, to date we have generated a significant portion of our revenue from sales of product lines that we acquired from other companies. Due to our limited operating history, we have difficulty accurately forecasting our revenue, and we have limited historical financial data upon which to base our operating expense budgets. Our revenue and operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control. The primary factors that may affect our results of operations include the following:

commercial acceptance of our SLMS products;

fluctuations in demand for network access products;

new product introductions, enhancements or announcements by our competitors;

the length and variability of the sales cycles for our products;

the timing and size of sales of our products;

our customers’ ability to finance their purchase of our products as well as their own operations;

our ability to forecast demand for our products;

the ability of our company and our contract manufacturers to attain and maintain production volumes and quality levels for our products;

our ability to obtain sufficient supplies of sole or limited source components;

changes in our pricing policies or the pricing policies of our competitors;

increases in the prices of the components we purchase, or quality problems associated with these components;

our ability to develop, introduce and ship new products and product enhancements that meet customer requirements in a timely manner;

the timing and magnitude of prototype expenses;

unanticipated changes in regulatory requirements which may require us to redesign portions of our products;

our ability to attract and retain key personnel;

our sales of common stock or other securities in the future;

costs related to acquisitions of technologies or businesses; and

general economic conditions as well as those specific to the communications, Internet and related industries.

If demand for our SLMS products does not develop, then our results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected.

Our future revenue depends significantly on our ability to successfully develop, enhance and market our SLMS products to the network service provider market. Most network service providers have made substantial investments in their current infrastructure, and they may elect to remain with their current architectures or to adopt new architectures, such as SLMS, in limited stages or over extended periods of time. A decision by a customer to purchase our SLMS products will involve a significant capital investment. We will need to convince these service providers of the benefits of our products for future upgrades or expansions. We do not know

whether a viable market for our SLMS products will develop or be sustainable. If this market does not develop or develops more slowly than we expect, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be seriously harmed.

Our target customer base is concentrated, and the loss of one or more of our customers could harm our business.

The target customers for our products are network service providers that operate voice, data and video communications networks. There are a limited number of potential customers in our target market. During the three months ended March 31, 2004, two customers accounted for 11% and 10% of our revenue, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2003, two customers accounted for approximately 17% and 11% of our revenue, respectively. A significant portion of our future revenue will depend on sales of our products to a limited number of customers. Any failure of one or more customers to purchase products from us for any reason, including any downturn in their businesses, would seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Acquisitions are an important part of our strategy, and any strategic acquisitions or investments we make could disrupt our business and seriously harm our financial condition.

As of March 31, 2004, we have acquired ten companies or product lines, and we are likely to acquire additional businesses, products or technologies in the future. In April 2004, we announced a definitive agreement to acquire Sorrento Networks Corporation. On an ongoing basis, we expect to consider acquisitions of, or investments in, complementary companies, products or technologies to supplement our internal growth. In the future, we may encounter difficulties identifying and acquiring suitable acquisition candidates on reasonable terms.

If we do complete future acquisitions, we could:

issue stock that would dilute our current stockholders’ percentage ownership;

consume cash;

incur substantial debt;

assume liabilities;

increase our ongoing operating expenses and level of fixed costs;

record goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets that will be subject to impairment testing and potential periodic impairment charges;

incur amortization expenses related to certain intangible assets;

incur large and immediate write-offs; or

become subject to litigation.

Any acquisitions or investments that we make in the future will involve numerous risks, including:

problems combining the acquired operations, technologies or products;

unanticipated costs;

diversion of management’s time and attention from our existing business;

adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers;

risks associated with entering markets in which we have no or limited prior experience; and

potential loss of key employees, particularly those of acquired companies.

We do not know whether we will be able to successfully integrate the businesses, products, technologies or personnel that we might acquire in the future or that any strategic investments we make will meet our financial or other investment objectives. Any failure to do so could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The market we serve is highly competitive and, as a relatively early stage company, we may not be able to compete successfully.

Competition in the communications equipment market is intense. We are aware of many companies in related markets that address particular aspects of the features and functions that our products will provide. Currently, our primary competitors include large equipment companies, such as Advanced Fibre Communications, Alcatel, and Lucent Technologies. We also may face competition from other large communications equipment companies or other companies with significant market presence and financial resources that may enter our market in the future. In addition, a number of new public and private companies have announced plans for new products to address the same network needs that our products address, both domestically and abroad. Some of these companies may have lower cost structures than us.

Many of our competitors have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, larger customer bases and greater financial, technical, sales and marketing resources than we do and may be able to undertake more extensive marketing efforts, adopt more aggressive pricing policies and provide more customer financing than we can. Moreover, our competitors may foresee the course of market developments more accurately than we do and could develop new technologies that render our products less valuable or obsolete.

In our markets, competitive factors include:

performance;

reliability and scalability;

ease of installation and use;

interoperability with existing products;

upgradeability;

geographic footprints for products;

ability to provide customer financing;

breadth of services;

price;

technical support and customer service; and

brand recognition.

If we are unable to compete successfully against our current and future competitors, we may have difficulty obtaining customers, and we could experience price reductions, order cancellations, increased expenses and reduced gross margins, any of which would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The long and variable sales cycles for our products may cause revenue and operating results to vary significantly from quarter to quarter.

The target customers for our products have substantial and complex networks that they traditionally expand in large increments on a periodic basis. Accordingly, our marketing efforts are largely focused on prospective customers that may purchase our products as part of a large-scale network deployment. Our target customers typically require a lengthy evaluation, testing and product qualification process. Throughout this process, we are often required to spend considerable time and incur significant expense educating and providing information to prospective customers about the uses and features of our products. Even after a company makes the final decision to purchase our products, it may deploy our products slowly. The timing of deployment of our products varies widely, and depends on a number of factors, including:

our customers’ skill sets;

geographic density of potential subscribers;

the degree of configuration necessary to deploy our products; and

our customers’ ability to finance their purchase of our products as well as their operations.

As a result of any of these factors, our revenue and operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter.

The success of our business depends on our executive officers and key employees, and the loss of the services of one or more of them could harm our business.

Our future success depends upon the continued services of our executive officers and other key engineering, manufacturing, operations, sales, marketing and support personnel who have critical industry experience and relationships that we rely on to build our business, including Morteza Ejabat, our co-founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Jeanette Symons, our Chief Technical Officer, and Kirk Misaka, our Chief Financial Officer. The loss of the services of any of our key employees, including Mr. Ejabat, Ms. Symons and Mr. Misaka, could delay the development and production of our products and negatively impact our ability to maintain customer relationships, which would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we are unable to successfully manage and expand our international operations, our business could be harmed.

We currently have international operations consisting of sales, technical support and marketing teams in various locations worldwide. We expect to continue expanding our international operations in the future. The successful management and expansion of our international operations requires significant human and financial resources. Further, our international operations may be subject to certain risks and challenges that could harm our operating results, including:

expenses associated with developing and customizing our products for foreign countries;

unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, taxes, trade laws and tariffs;

fluctuations in currency exchange rates;

longer sales cycles for our products;

greater difficulty in accounts receivable collection and longer collection periods;

difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations;

reduced protection for intellectual property rights;

potentially adverse tax consequences; and

changes in a country’s or region’s political and economic conditions.

Any of these factors could harm our existing international operations and business or impair our ability to continue expanding into international markets.

We have significant debt obligations, which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

As of March 31, 2004, we had approximately $31.8 million in long-term debt. You should be aware that this level of debt could materially and adversely affect us in a number of ways, including:

limiting our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or general corporate purposes;

limiting our flexibility to plan for, or react to, changes in our business or market conditions;

requiring us to use a significant portion of any future cash flow from operations to repay or service the debt, thereby reducing the amount of cash available for other purposes;

making us more highly leveraged than some of our competitors, which may place us at a competitive disadvantage; and

making us more vulnerable to the impact of adverse economic and industry conditions and increases in interest rates.

We cannot assure you that we will generate sufficient cash flow or be able to borrow funds in amounts sufficient to enable us to service our debt or to meet our working capital and capital expenditures requirements. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from operations or to borrow sufficient funds to service our debt, due to borrowing base restrictions or otherwise, we may be required to sell assets, reduce capital expenditures, refinance all or a portion of existing debt or obtain additional financing. We cannot assure you that we will be able to engage in any of these actions on reasonable terms, if at all.

Because our products are complex and will be deployed in complex environments, our products may have defects that we discover only after full deployment, which could seriously harm our business.

Our products are complex and are designed to be deployed in large quantities across complex networks. Because of the nature of these products, they can only be fully tested when completely deployed in large networks with high amounts of traffic. Our customers may discover errors or defects in our hardware or software, or our products may not operate as expected, after they have been fully deployed. If we are unable to fix defects or other problems that may be identified after full deployment, we could experience:

loss of revenue and market share;

loss of existing customers;

failure to attract new customers or achieve market acceptance;

diversion of development resources;

increased service and warranty costs;

legal actions by our customers; and

increased insurance costs.

Defects, integration issues or other performance problems in our products could also result in financial or other damages to our customers. Our customers could seek damages for related losses from us, which could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. A product liability claim brought against us, even if unsuccessful, would likely be time consuming and costly and would put a strain on our management and resources. The occurrence of any of these problems would seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we fail to enhance our existing products or develop and introduce new products that meet changing customer baserequirements and technological advances, our ability to sell our products would be materially adversely affected.

Our target markets are characterized by rapid technological advances, evolving industry standards, changes in orderend-user requirements, frequent new product introductions and changes in communications offerings from network service providers. Our future success will significantly depend on our ability to succeed.anticipate or adapt to such changes and to offer, on a timely and cost-effective basis, products that meet changing customer demands and industry standards. We may not have sufficient resources to successfully and accurately anticipate technological and market trends, manage long development cycles or develop, introduce and market new products and enhancements. We currently license technology, and from time to time, we may be required to license additional technology from third parties to sell or develop our products and product enhancements. We cannot assure you that our existing and future third-party licenses will be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. Our inability to maintain or obtain any third-party license required to sell or develop our products and product enhancements could require us to obtain substitute technology of lower quality or performance standards or at greater cost. If we are not able to attractdevelop new customers whoproducts or enhancements to existing products on a timely and cost-effective basis, or if our new products or enhancements fail to achieve market acceptance, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially adversely affected.

The communications industry is subject to government regulations, which could harm our business.

The Federal Communications Commission, or FCC, has jurisdiction over the entire communications industry in the United States and, as a result, our existing and future products and our customers’ products are willingsubject to make significant commitments to purchaseFCC rules and regulations. Current and future FCC rules and regulations affecting communications services could negatively affect our business. The uncertainty associated with future FCC decisions may result in network service providers delaying decisions regarding expenditures for equipment for broadband services. In addition, international regulatory bodies establish standards that may govern our products in foreign markets. Domestic and services for any reason, including if there is a further downturninternational regulatory requirements could result in their businesses,postponements or cancellations of product orders, which would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, we cannot be certain that we will not grow andbe successful in obtaining or maintaining any regulatory approvals that may, in the future, be required to operate our revenue will not increase. Our customer base and revenue will not grow if:

our carrier customers continue to cut their capital budgets and do not invest in next-generation optical networking products;

customers are unwilling or slow to utilize our products;

we experience delays or difficulties in completing the development and introduction of our planned products or product enhancements;

our competitors introduce new products that are superior to our products;

our products do not perform as expected; or

we do not meet our customers’ delivery requirements.

In the past, we issued warrants to some customers. We may not be able to attract new customers and expand our sales with our existing customers if we do not provide warrants or other incentives.

business.

 

If our line of optical switches or their future enhancements are not successfully developed, they will not be accepted by our existing and potential customers and our future revenue will not grow.

We began to focus on the marketing and the selling of optical switches in the second quarter of 1999. Our future revenue growth depends on the commercial success and adoption of our optical switches.face certain litigation risks.

 

We are developing new productsa party to lawsuits and enhancements to existing products. We may not be able to develop new products or product enhancementsclaims in a timely manner, or at all. Any failure to develop new products or product enhancements will substantially decrease market acceptance and salesthe normal course of our present and future products. Any failure to develop new products or product enhancements could also delay purchases by our customers under their contracts, or, in some cases, could cause us to be in breach under our contracts with our customers. Even ifbusiness. In addition, we are able to develop and commercially introduce new products and enhancements, these new products or enhancements may not achieve widespread market acceptance and may not be satisfactory to our customers. Any failurecurrently involved in several litigation matters which we inherited as a result of our future products to achieve market acceptance or be satisfactory to our customers could slow or eliminate our revenue growth.

Because the industry in which we compete is subject to consolidation, we could potentially lose customers, which would harm our business.

We believe that the industry in which we compete may enter into a consolidation phase. In 2001, one of our larger competitors, CIENA Corporation, completed the acquisition of another company in our industry, ONI Systems Corp. OverTellium. Litigation can be expensive, lengthy, and disruptive to normal business operations. Moreover, the past two years, the market valuationsresults of the majoritycomplex legal proceedings are difficult to predict. An unfavorable resolution of companies in our industry have declined significantly, and most companies have experienced dramatic decreases in revenue because of decreased customer demand in general, a smaller customer base because of financial difficulties impacting emerging service providers, reductions in capital expenditures by incumbent service providers and other factors. We expect that the weakened financial position of many companies in our industry may cause acquisition activity to increase. We believe that industry consolidation may result in stronger competitors that are better able to compete as sole-source vendors for customers. This could lead to more variability in operating results as we compete to be a single-product family vendor andparticular lawsuit could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, andor financial condition.

For additional information regarding certain of the lawsuits in which we are involved, see Part II, Item 1—“Legal Proceedings”.

 

Because of the long and variable sales cycles for our products, our revenue and operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter. As a result, our quarterly results mayOur business will be below the expectations of market analysts and investors, causing the price of our common stock to decline.

Our sales cycle is long because a customer’s decision to purchase our products involves a significant commitment of its resources and a lengthy evaluation, testing, and product qualification process. We may incur substantial expenses and devote senior management attention to potential relationships that may never materialize, in which event our investments will largely be lost and we may miss other opportunities. In addition, after we enter into a contract with a customer, the timing of purchases and deployment of our products may vary widely and will depend on a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

accuracy of customer traffic growth demands;

specific network deployment plans of the customer;

installation skills of the customer;

size of the network deployment;

complexity of the customer’s network;

degree of hardware and software changes required; and

new product availability.

For example, customers with significant or complex networks usually expand their networks in large increments on a periodic basis.

Accordingly, we may receive purchase orders for significant dollar amounts on an irregular and unpredictable basis. The long sales cycles, as well as the placement of large orders with short lead times on an irregular and unpredictable basis, may cause our revenue and operating results to vary significantly and unexpectedly from quarter to quarter. As a result, it is likely that in some future quarters our operating results may be below the expectations of market analysts and investors, which could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline.

We expect the average selling prices of our products to decline, which may reduce revenue and gross margins.

Our industry has experienced a rapid erosion of average product selling prices. Consistent with this general trend, we anticipate that the average selling prices of our products will decline in response to a number of factors, including:

competitive pressures;

increased sales discounts; and

new product introductions by our competitors.

Ifadversely affected if we are unable to achieve sufficient cost reductions and increases in sales volumes, this decline in average selling prices ofprotect our products will reduce our revenue and gross margins.

We have recorded significant non-cash charges as a result of options and other equity issuances. We will continue to record non-cash charges related to equity issuances, which will adversely affect our future operating results. If investors consider this impact material, the price of our common stock could decline.intellectual property rights from third-party challenges.

 

We have recorded deferred compensation expenserely on a combination of copyrights, patents, trademarks and have beguntrade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to amortize non-cash chargesprotect our intellectual property rights. We also enter into confidentiality or license agreements with our employees, consultants and corporate partners and control access to earnings as a resultand distribution of optionsour software, documentation and other equity awards grantedproprietary information. Despite our efforts to employeesprotect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and non-employee directors. Our future operating resultsuse our products or technology. Monitoring unauthorized use of our technology is difficult, and we do not know whether the steps we have taken will reflectprevent unauthorized use of our technology, particularly in foreign countries where the continued amortization of those charges over the vesting period of these options and awards. At September 30, 2003, we had recorded deferred compensation expense of approximately $4.6 million, which will be amortized to stock-based compensation expense through 2005.

Prior to 2003, we accounted for stock-based employee compensation arrangements under the recognition and measurement provisions of APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (APB No. 25) and related interpretations. Effective January 1, 2003, we adopted the fair value recognition provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.” We selected the prospective method of adoption described in SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation-Transition and Disclosure.” This method applies fair value accounting to all new grants and modification or settlement of old grants after the beginning of the year of adoption. All other old grants will continue to be accounted for under the intrinsic value provision of APB No. 25. We recorded approximately $25.9 million stock-based compensation for new grants, which is includedlaws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the $30.5 million in stock-based compensation recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. The remaining $4.6 million of stock-based compensation recorded in the first nine months of 2003 related to grants existing prior to January 1, 2003. It is unknown what affect, if any, this change to SFAS No. 123 will have on the price of our common stock.

All of the non-cash charges related to equity issuances referred to above may negatively impact future operating results. It is possible that some investors might consider the impact on operating results to be material, which could result in a decline in the price of our common stock.

United States.

 

In the future we may become involved in disputes over intellectual property, which could subject us to significant liability, divert the time and attention of our management and prevent us from selling our products.

We could becomeor our customers may be party to litigation in the future to protect our intellectual property or to respond to allegations that we infringe others’ intellectual property. We may receive in the future communications from third parties inquiring about their interest in licensing certain intellectual property to us or more generally identifying intellectual property that may be the basis of a future infringement claim. We have received letters from Lucent Technologies stating that many of our products are using technology covered by or related to Lucent patents and inviting us to discuss a licensing arrangement with Lucent. To date, no lawsuit or other formal action has been filed by Lucent. However, we cannot assure you that we would be successful in defending against any Lucent infringement claims. To the extent we are not successful in defending such claims, we may be subject to claims brought bysubstantial damages (including possible treble damages and attorneys’ fees).

If any party accuses us of infringing upon its proprietary rights, we would have to defend ourselves and possibly our executive officers regardingcustomers against the alleged infringement. We cannot assure you that we would prevail in any intellectual property litigation, given its complex technical issues and inherent uncertainties. If we are unsuccessful in any such litigation, we could be subject to significant liability for damages and loss of our proprietary rights. Intellectual property litigation, regardless of its outcome, would likely be time consuming and expensive to resolve. Any such litigation could force us to stop selling, incorporating or using our products that include the challenged intellectual property, or redesign those products that use the technology. In addition, if a party accuses us of infringing upon its proprietary rights, we may have to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, they signed in July 2002 that were subsequently voided by our board of directors. A resolutionwhich may not be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Any of these claims in their favor wouldresults could have a material adverse effect on our business.business, financial condition and results of operations.

We rely on contract manufacturers for a significant portion of our manufacturing requirements.

 

On various dates between April and June 2000,Through the third quarter of 2003, we loaned funds to membersutilized Solectron for the majority of our management team on a full-recourse basismanufacturing requirements for all product lines. During the fourth quarter of 2003, we transitioned the manufacturing of certain product lines to enable themanother contract manufacturer, and for another product line, transitioned the manufacturing process internally. We continue to exercise previously granted stock options with average exercise prices of $2.14 per share. Individuals receiving loans included executive officers, vice presidents, and other employees. Upon exercise of the stock options, each of these individuals received restricted stock that vested over four years, and pledged the restricted sharesuse Solectron to secure payment of their loans to us which generally become due in full in April through June 2005. Our stock price has fallen substantially below $2.14 per share, causing these loans to be under-collateralized while the individuals remain personally liable for payment on the loans when they come due. This circumstance posed personal financial problems for the individuals involved and undercut the intended incentivizing effect of the restricted stock program.

In an effort to restructure our management incentive arrangements, in July 2002, our board of directors authorized changes to this restricted stock and management loan program for the 12 participating individuals (then consisting of three executive officers—Messrs. Carr, Bala, and Losch, five vice presidents, three other employees, and one former vice president). These changes included our repurchase of the shares of restricted stock and related reduction of the loans, modifications ofmanufacture certain product lines under the terms of the remaining loans, and establishment of new incentive compensation arrangementsan agreement which would include a bonus program applicableexpired in the event of a change of control of Tellium and providingMarch 2004. While we have become somewhat less dependent on Solectron for bonuses in an amount sufficient to repay, on an after-tax basis, the then remaining balance of the loans.

We attempted to implement these board-approved changes, and in late July 2002 repurchase agreements and other implementing documents were signed. However, certain problems arose in the implementation of the changes and the board subsequently determined that the documented changes did not reflect its intentions and the scope of what it had authorized and thatour manufacturing requirements, we would not go forward with the changes in the restricted stock and loan program at that time. Accordingly, the board determined that it should not ratify and approve the implementing documents that had been executed and that the documents and the transactions provided for by them were void and unenforceable against us. The board also determinedexpect to continue to consider changesrely on contract manufacturers to fulfill a significant portion of our management incentive compensation arrangements, including the management loan arrangements. As previously disclosed, we were not awareproduct manufacturing requirements.

Any manufacturing disruption could impair our ability to fulfill orders. Our future success will depend, in significant part, on our ability to have Solectron or other contract manufacturers produce our products cost-effectively and in sufficient volumes. We face a number of what position the executives who signed implementing agreements in July 2002 would takerisks associated with respect to the board’s action to void those agreements and were, therefore, unable to assess at that time whether those developments would have a material adverse effectthis dependence on us.third-party manufacturers including:

 

reduced control over delivery schedules;

During January 2003, our board

the potential lack of directors approved a setadequate capacity during periods of changes to our management compensation arrangements, including changesexcess demand;

manufacturing yields and costs;

quality assurance;

increases in the restricted stockprices; and loan program for the individuals involved in that program, other than with respect to our executive officers. As of May 13, 2003, all of the continuing and former non-executive senior managers participating in the program had executed agreements incorporating the board-approved changes to the program. As a result of these changes, the shares of restricted stock securing their loans were acquired by us and their loans were cancelled, and other changes in compensation arrangements for such individuals were made. The board continued to consider whether changes in the management compensation program for our executive officers, including the restricted stock and loan arrangements with Messrs. Carr, Bala, and Losch, should be made.

 

None

the potential misappropriation of our executive officers with restricted stock, Messrs. Carr, Bala, and Losch, were offered the share repurchase, loan forgiveness, and cash bonus program discussed above. Consequently, these executives currently hold approximately 7.2 million shares of restricted stock of Tellium which secure recourse loans owed to us with an approximate balance of principal and accrued interest at October 31, 2003 of $21.7 million. An additional 1.6 million shares also serve as collateral to secure these loans and are held by donees of these executives.

intellectual property.

 

We have entered into a merger agreementno long-term contracts or arrangements with Zhone Technologies, Inc, which, upon completion, will result in a changeany of control as definedour vendors that guarantee product availability, the continuation of particular payment terms or the extension of credit limits. We have experienced in the July 2002 agreements. At the time discussions regarding the merger commenced, this matter was still under consideration by our board. No changespast, and may experience in the loanfuture, problems with our contract manufacturers, such as inferior quality, insufficient quantities and restricted stock arrangements between Tellium andlate delivery of products. To date, these individualsproblems have subsequently been made and no changes are intended to be made before completion of the merger. We are not in a position to assess the effect that these circumstances could have on us (or the combined company upon completion of the merger), but the effect could be material. If the implementing documents were given effect as executed, then, upon a change of control (including upon consummation of the merger):

We (or the combined company) could be obligated to pay bonuses to these executives and to extend the maturity of their management loans.materially adversely affected us. We may not be able to deductobtain additional volume purchase or manufacturing arrangements on terms that we consider acceptable, if at all. If we enter into a high-volume or long-term supply arrangement and subsequently decide that we cannot use the products or services provided for in the agreement, our business will be harmed. We cannot assure you that we will be able to effectively manage our relationship with our contract manufacturers, or that these paymentsmanufacturers will meet our future requirements for income tax purposes.
timely delivery of products of sufficient quality or quantity. Any of these difficulties could harm our relationships with customers and cause us to lose orders.

 

Depending on

While our existing contract with Solectron expired in March 2004, we continue to use Solectron to manufacture products under the circumstances prevailing at the time and on the interpretationterms of the documents,expired agreement. If we are unable to continue to use Solectron for these manufacturing requirements, then we may be required to manufacture the aggregate amountproducts produced under this agreement internally or find another outside contract manufacturer. If we fail to successfully transition manufacturing operations in-house or fail to locate and qualify suitable manufacturing candidates capable of the bonuses couldsatisfying our product specifications or quantity requirements, then we may experience product shortages and, as a result, be upunable to $56 million, including approximately $22 million, representing the aggregate outstanding principalfulfill customer orders accurately and interest due on the loans, and approximately $34 million, representing the aggregate amount of income and excise tax incurred by the executives associated with the bonus.

After repayment of the loans in full, it is anticipated that (i) the net cash outlay by Tellium (or the combined company) would equal the amount paid in respect of the executive’s taxes,timely which could negatively affect our customer relationships and operating results. Further, new third-party manufacturers may encounter difficulties in the manufacture of our products resulting in product delivery delays.

We depend on sole or limited source suppliers for several key components. If we are unable to obtain these components on a timely basis, we will be upunable to approximately $34 million, (ii) the net cash received by the executivesmeet our customers’ product delivery requirements, which would be zero, and (iii) the shares held as collateral would be released to the executives free of any encumbrance associated with the management loans.

harm our business.

 

We believe that the agreements signed in July 2002 are void and unenforceable against us and intendcurrently purchase several key components from single or limited sources pursuant to vigorously defendlimited term supply contracts. If any attempt to enforce these agreements. If we are required to make these payments, the financial condition of our business wouldsole or limited source suppliers experiences capacity constraints, work stoppages or any other reduction or disruption in output, they may be seriously and adversely harmed.

We face risks associatedunable to meet our delivery schedule. Our suppliers may enter into exclusive arrangements with our restructuring plans that may adversely affectcompetitors, be acquired by our business, operating results, and financial condition.competitors, stop selling their products or components to us at commercially reasonable prices, refuse to sell their products or components to us at any price or be unable to obtain or have difficulty obtaining components for their products from their suppliers.

 

In responsethese events, we could be forced to commence a time consuming and difficult process of identifying and qualifying an alternative supplier of the key components. There is no guarantee that such a search would be successful. If we do not receive critical components from our suppliers in a timely manner, we will be unable to meet our customers’ product delivery requirements. Any failure to meet a customer’s delivery requirements could harm our reputation and decrease our sales, which would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we fail to attract and retain qualified personnel, our business might be harmed.

Our future success will depend in large part upon our ability to identify, attract and retain qualified individuals, particularly research and development and customer service engineers and sales and marketing personnel. Our products are generally of a highly technical nature, and therefore require a sophisticated sales effort targeted at several key people within each prospective customer’s organization. Our target customers are large network service providers that require high levels of service and support from our customer service engineers and our sales and marketing personnel. Competition for these employees in our industry and market conditions, we have restructured our business and reduced our workforce. The assumptions underlying our restructuring efforts will be assessed on an ongoing basis and may prove to be inaccurate. We may have to restructure our business in the future to achieve certain cost savingsSan Francisco Bay Area in particular, as well as other areas in which we recruit, may be intense, and to strategically realign our resources.

Our restructuring plan is based on certain assumptions regarding the cost structure of our business and the nature, severity, and duration of the current industry downturn, which may not prove to be accurate. Any reassessments may result in the recording of additional charges, such as workforce reduction costs, facilities reduction costs, asset write-downs, and contractual settlements.

Additionally, estimates and assumptions used in asset valuations are subject to uncertainties, as are accounting estimates with respect to the useful life and ultimate recoverability of our carrying basis of assets. As a result, future market conditions may result in further charges for the write-down of tangible assets.

Wewe may not be successful in attracting or retaining these personnel. If we are not able to successfully implementhire the initiatives we have undertaken in restructuringkind and number of research and development, sales and marketing and customer service personnel required to support our business. Even if successfully implemented, these initiatives may not be sufficient to meet the changes in industryproduct offerings and market conditions and may be insufficient to achieve future profitability. Furthermore, our workforce reductions may impair our ability to realize our current or future business objectives. Costs actually incurred in connection with restructuring actions may be higher than the estimated costs of such actions and/or may not lead to the anticipated cost savings. Additionally, upon the resumption of meaningful purchase activity by customers, we may not reach the level of

sales necessary to achieve profitability or may be able to sufficiently accelerate business activities in a time frame required by customers in order to secure theirimpaired from meeting existing customer demands, either of which could materially harm our business. As a result, our restructuring efforts may not result in our attaining profitability and may also adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.

 

BecauseOur business will suffer if we fail to properly manage our stock had traded below $1.00 for an extended period of time, we transferred the listing ofgrowth and continually improve our stock from the Nasdaq National Market to the Nasdaq SmallCap Market. If we do not continue to meet the continued listing requirements for the Nasdaq SmallCap Market, our stock may be subject to delisting from the Nasdaq SmallCap Market. This would result in a limited public market for our common stockinternal controls and make obtaining future equity financing more difficult for us.systems.

 

On August 7, 2002,We have expanded our operations rapidly since our inception. The number of our employees has grown from eight as of September 30, 1999 to 237 as of March 31, 2004. As our business grows, we expect to increase the Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. notified us thatscope of our stock had traded for more than 30 consecutive trading days belowoperations and the $1.00 minimum per share price required for continued listing onnumber of our employees. Our ability to successfully offer our products and implement our business plan in a rapidly evolving market requires an effective planning and management process. To manage our growth properly, we must:

hire, train, manage and retain qualified personnel, including engineers and research and development personnel;

carefully manage and expand our manufacturing relationships and related controls and reporting systems;

effectively manage multiple relationships with our customers, suppliers and other third parties;

implement additional operational and financial controls, reporting and financial systems and procedures; and

successfully integrate employees of acquired companies.

Failure to do any of the Nasdaq National Market. Subsequently, we transferred our common stock to the Nasdaq SmallCap Market at the opening of business on November 19, 2002. By transferring to the Nasdaq SmallCap Market, we received an extended grace period to August 5, 2003 in which to satisfy the minimum bid price requirement of $1.00 per share. We received an additional 90-day extension until November 3, 2003 when our initial extended grace period expired on August 5, 2003. On September 18, 2003, the Nasdaq Stock Market notified us that our common stock had traded at $1.00 or greater for at least 10 consecutive trading days and, therefore, we had satisfied the $1.00 minimum per share price required for continued listing on the Nasdaq SmallCap Market. If we do not continue to meet the continued listing requirements for the Nasdaq SmallCap Market and are not successfulabove in an appeal from any adverse determination,efficient and timely manner could seriously harm our common stock may be delisted from trading on the Nasdaq SmallCap Marketbusiness, financial condition and could trade on the OTC Bulletin Board. The OTC Bulletin Board is a substantially less liquid market than the Nasdaq National Market or the Nasdaq SmallCap Market.results of operations.

 

In addition,If we are unable to obtain additional capital to fund our existing and future operations, we may be required to reduce the delistingscope of our common stock from eitherplanned product development and marketing and sales efforts, which would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The development and marketing of new products and the Nasdaq National Marketexpansion of our direct sales operation and associated support personnel requires a significant commitment of resources. We may continue to incur significant operating losses or the Nasdaq SmallCap Market may have a material adverse effect on us by, among other things, reducing:expend significant amounts of capital if:

 

the market price offor our common stock;products develops more slowly than anticipated;

 

the number of institutional and other investors that will consider investing in our common stock;

the number ofwe fail to establish market makers in our common stock;

the availability of information concerning the trading prices and volume of our common stock;

the number of broker-dealers willing to execute trades in shares of our common stock; andshare or generate revenue at anticipated levels;

 

our abilitycapital expenditure forecasts change or prove inaccurate; or

we fail to obtain equity financing for the continuationrespond to unforeseen challenges or take advantage of our operations.unanticipated opportunities.

 

As a result, we may need to raise substantial additional capital. Additional capital, if required, may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. If delisted,additional capital is raised through the issuance of debt securities, the terms of such debt could impose financial or other restrictions on our operations. If we cannot assure you when, if ever,are unable to obtain additional capital or are required to obtain additional capital on terms that are not favorable to us, we may be required to reduce the scope of our common stockplanned product development and sales and marketing efforts, which would once againharm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Your ability to influence key transactions, including changes of control, may be eligible for listing on either the Nasdaq National Market or the Nasdaq SmallCap Market.limited by significant insider ownership, provisions of our charter documents and provisions of Delaware law.

 

At March 31, 2004, our executive officers, directors and entities affiliated with them beneficially owned, in the aggregate, approximately 42% of our outstanding common stock. These stockholders, if acting together, will be able to influence significantly all matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and the approval of mergers or other business combination transactions. Circumstances may arise in which the interests of these stockholders could conflict with the interests of our other stockholders. These stockholders could delay or prevent a change in control of our company even if such a transaction would be beneficial to our other stockholders. In addition, provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, by-laws, and Delaware law could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so would be beneficial to certain stockholders.

 

We have experiencedOur stockholders will incur dilution as a result of the exercise of outstanding options and expect to continue to experience volatility in our stock price, which makes an investment in our stock more risky.warrants and any future sale of equity or equity-linked debt securities.

 

The exercise of outstanding options and warrants and the future sale of any equity or equity-linked debt securities, including any additional securities issued in connection with acquisitions or in connection with our shelf registration statement, will result in dilution to our then-existing stockholders. Any dilution resulting from the future sale of equity or equity-linked debt securities will be more substantial if the price paid for such securities is less than the price paid by our then-existing stockholders for our outstanding capital stock.

We do not plan to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.

We do not anticipate paying cash dividends to our stockholders in the foreseeable future. We expect to retain future earnings, if any, for the future operation and expansion of the business. In addition, our ability to pay dividends may be limited by any applicable restrictions under our debt and credit agreements. Accordingly, our stockholders must rely on sales of their capital stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize a return on their investment.

Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments consisted of the following as of March 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003 (in thousands):

   

March 31,

2004


  

December 31,

2003


Cash and short-term investments:

        

Cash and cash equivalents

  $45,096  $32,547

Short-term investments

   44,888   65,709
   

  

   $89,984  $98,256
   

  

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. Cash and cash equivalents consist principally of demand deposit and money market priceaccounts, commercial paper, and debt securities of domestic municipalities with credit ratings of AA or better. Cash and cash equivalents are principally held with various domestic financial institutions with high-credit standing. As of March 31, 2004, we had accounts receivable balances from three customers individually representing 24%, 16% and 10% of accounts receivable, respectively.

Interest Rate Risk

Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our investment portfolio and long-term debt. We do not use derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. We do not hold financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We manage our interest rate risk by maintaining an investment portfolio primarily consisting of debt instruments of high credit quality and relatively short average maturities. Our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments are not subject to material interest rate risk due to their short maturities. Under our investment policy, short-term investments have a maximum maturity of one year from the date of acquisition, and the average maturity of the portfolio cannot exceed six months. Due to the relatively short maturity of the portfolio, a 10% increase in market interest rates at March 31, 2004 would decrease the fair value of the portfolio by less than $0.1 million.

Foreign Currency Risk

We transact business in various foreign countries. Substantially all of our common stock has fluctuated significantlyassets are located in the pastUnited States. We have product development activities in Canada and may fluctuate significantly insales operations throughout Europe, Asia, the future in responseMiddle East and Latin America. Accordingly, our operating results are also exposed to a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including:

changes in financial estimates by securities analysts;

changes in market valuationsexchange rates between the U.S. dollar and those currencies. Since inception, we have not hedged any of communications and Internet infrastructure-related companies;

announcements, by us or our competitors, of new products or of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, or joint ventures;

volume fluctuations, which are particularly common among highly volatile securities of Internet-related companies;

volatility of stock markets, particularly the Nasdaq SmallCap Market on which our common stock is listed;

additional litigation and/or adverse results from existing or future litigation;

quarterly fluctuations inlocal currency cash flows. While our financial results to date have not been materially affected by any changes in currency exchange rates, devaluation of the U.S. dollar against these currencies may affect our future operating results.

Item 4.Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) during our first fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.Legal Proceedings

The Company is involved in various litigation matters relating to the operations of Tellium prior to the merger as described below.

In July 2002, Corning Incorporated filed a Demand for Arbitration arising out of a dispute in connection with Tellium’s October 2000 merger with Astarte Fiber Networks, Inc. Corning alleges that Astarte and Tellium, as successor-in-interest to Astarte, fraudulently induced Corning to enter into a contract, breached that contract, and breached warranties presented in that contract. The Demand for Arbitration was subsequently amended to add a claim for unjust enrichment. Corning seeks an award of $38 million, plus expenses and interest. Tellium filed a response with the American Arbitration Association that they are not a proper party to the dispute. A third party to the Demand has also responded to the American Arbitration Association that Tellium is not relevant to the dispute. The arbiters have been empanelled, and a preliminary hearing was held on February 27, 2003. At the preliminary hearing, Tellium made a motion to dismiss the suit against the Company for failure to state a viable claim as to Tellium, and the arbiters set a briefing schedule on the motion. The parties completed briefing on July 18, 2003. On September 17, 2003, the arbiters denied Tellium’s motion to dismiss, with a suggestion that Tellium refile its motion on the close of discovery. The parties have also commenced some discovery, including requests for documents, written interrogatories, and depositions. On October 28, 2003, Tellium commenced in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York an action for a declaratory judgment that Tellium is not a proper party to the arbitration. Tellium’s action seeks to have the arbitration stayed and Corning enjoined from pursuing arbitration any further against Tellium. On January 28, 2004, the arbiters stayed all proceedings against Tellium, but the arbitration continues as to Astarte. It is too early in the dispute process to determine what impact, if any, this dispute will have upon the Company’s business, financial condition, or results of our competitors or our customers;

consolidation among our competitors or customers;

disputes concerning intellectual property rights;

developmentsoperations. The Company intends to vigorously defend the claims made in telecommunications regulations;any legal proceedings that may result and

general conditions in pursue any possible counterclaims against Corning, Astarte, and other parties associated with the communications equipment industry.

In addition, the stock market in general, and the Nasdaq SmallCap Market and technology companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. These broad market and industry factors may materially adversely affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of the actual operating performance.

A number of lawsuits have been instituted against us. These suits could distract our management and could result in substantial costs or large judgments against us.claims.

 

On various dates between approximately December 10, 2002 and February 27, 2003, eightnumerous class-action securities complaints were filed against Tellium in the United States District Court, District of New Jersey. These complaints allege, among other things, that Tellium and its then-current directors and executive officers and its underwriter violated the Securities Act of 1933 by making false and misleading statements preceding ourits initial public offering and in ourits registration statement prospectus relating to the securities offered in the initial public offering. The complaints further allege that these parties violated the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 by acting recklessly or intentionally in making the alleged misstatements. The actions seek damages in an unspecified amount, including compensatory damages, costs, and expenses incurred in connection with the actions and equitable relief as may be permitted by law or equity. On May 19, 2003, a consolidated amended complaint representing all of the actions was filed. On August 4, 2003, weTellium and its underwriters filed a motionmotions to dismiss these actions.the complaint. On April 1, 2004, the Court issued its decision granting Tellium’s and the underwriters’ motions to dismiss, while allowing plaintiffs an opportunity to seek leave to file a further amended complaint. The Company anticipates opposing that motion and moving to have the further amended complaint dismissed with prejudice. It isremains too early in the legal process to determine what impact, if any, these suits will have upon ourthe Company’s business, financial condition, or results of operations. We intendThe Company intends to continue vigorously defenddefending against the claims made in these actions, which have been consolidated.actions.

 

On January 8, 2003 and January 27, 2003, two shareholder derivative complaints were filed on behalf of Tellium in the Superior Court of New Jersey. These complaints were made by plaintiffs who purport to be Tellium shareholders on behalf of Tellium, alleging, among other things, that Tellium directors breached their fiduciary duties to the company by engaging in stock transactions with individuals associated with Qwest, and in making materially misleading statements regarding ourTellium’s relationship with Qwest. The actions seek damages in an unspecified amount, including imposition of a constructive trust in favor of Tellium for the amount of profits allegedly received through stock sales, disgorgement of proceeds in connection with the stock option exercises, damages allegedly sustained by Tellium in connection with alleged breaches of fiduciary duties, costs, and expenses incurred in connection with the actions. These cases have been stayed by the court pending the resolution of motions to dismiss in the above-referenced federal court securities actions. It is too early in the legal process to determine what impact, if any, these suits will have upon ourthe Company’s business, financial condition, or results of operations. We intend to vigorously defend the claims made in these actions, which have been consolidated.

In addition to the securities litigation, in late July 2002, Corning Incorporated filed a Demand for Arbitration arising out of a dispute in connection with our October 2000 merger with Astarte Fiber Networks, Inc. Corning alleges that Astarte and Tellium, as successor-in-interest to Astarte, fraudulently induced Corning to enter into a contract, breached that contract, and breached warranties presented in that contract. The Demand for Arbitration was subsequently amended to add a claim for unjust enrichment. Corning seeks an award of $38 million, plus expenses and interest. We have filed a response with the American Arbitration Association that we are not a proper party to the dispute. A third party to the Demand has also responded to the American Arbitration Association that we are not relevant to the dispute. The arbiters have been empanelled, and a preliminary hearing was held on February 27, 2003. At the preliminary hearing, we made a motion to dismiss the suit against us for failure to state a viable claim as to Tellium, and the arbiters set a briefing schedule on the motion. The parties completed briefing on July 18, 2003. On September 17, 2003, the arbiters denied our motion to dismiss, with a suggestion that Tellium refile its motion on the close of discovery. The parties have also commenced some discovery, including requests for documents, written interrogatories, and depositions. On October 28, 2003, Tellium commenced in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York an action for a declaratory judgment that Tellium is not a proper party to the arbitration. Tellium’s action seeks to have the arbitration stayed and Corning enjoined from pursuing arbitration any further against Tellium. It is too early in the dispute process to determine what impact, if any, this dispute will have upon our business, financial condition, or results of operations. We intend to vigorously defend the claims made in any legal proceedings that may result and pursue any possible counterclaims against Corning, Astarte, and other parties associated with the claims.

As previously disclosed, Tellium and 185 Monmouth Parkway Associates, L.P. filed complaints and other documents against each other asserting claims arising out of certain real property lease agreements between Tellium and 185 Monmouth pursuant to which Tellium leased certain real property in West Long Branch, New Jersey. Tellium’s suit also asserted claims against other related entities concerning property leased in Oceanport, New Jersey. On November 12, 2003, the parties to the above litigations reached an out-of-court settlement in which Tellium has agreed to pay approximately $2.5 million to settle (i) all of the claims asserted in connection with the complaints and other documents filed in the Superior Court of New Jersey, Monmouth County and (ii) all of the claims that may arise or have arisen from the real property leases for the West Long Branch, New Jersey, properties, with the exception of contingent obligations under certain lease provisions requiring indemnification of the landlord for personal injury claims accruing during the lease periods and compliance with environmental statutes and other laws. The settlement agreement also provides for releases of all parties named in the lawsuits for all claims that were or could have been raised in the litigations or with respect to the West Long Branch leases.

Continued scrutiny resulting from resulting from ongoing government investigations may have a material and adverse effect on our business.

The Denver, Colorado regional office of the SEC is conducting two investigations titledIn the Matter of Qwest Communications International, Inc. andIn the Matter of Issuers Related to Qwest. The first of these investigations does not involve any allegation of wrongful conduct on the part of Tellium. In connection with

the second investigation, the SEC is examining various transactions and business relationships involving Qwest and eleven companies having a vendor relationship with Qwest, including Tellium. This investigation, insofar as it relates to us, appears to focus generally on whether our transactions and relationships with Qwest were appropriately disclosed in our public filings and other public statements.

In addition, the United States Attorney in Denver is conducting an investigation involving Qwest, including Qwest’s relationships with certain of its vendors, including Tellium. In connection with that investigation, the U.S. Attorney has sought documents and information from us and has sought interviews and/or grand jury testimony from persons associated or formerly associated with us, including certain of our officers. The U.S. Attorney has indicated that, while aspects of its investigation are in an early stage, neither we nor any of our current or former officers or employees is a target of the investigation.

We are cooperating fully with these investigations. We are not able, at this time, to say when the SEC and/or U.S. Attorney investigations will be completed and resolved, or what the ultimate outcome with respect to Tellium will be. These investigations could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and may have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Fluctuations in our stock price could impact our relationships with existing customers and discourage potential customers from doing business with us.

Fluctuations in our stock price could lead to a loss of revenue due to our inability to engage new customers and vendors and to renew contracts with our current customers and vendors. Existing and potential customers and vendors may perceive our fluctuating stock price as a sign of instability and may be unwilling to do business with us. If this were to continue to occur, our business and financial condition could be harmed.

Risks Related To Our Products

Our products may have errors or defects that we find only after full deployment, or problems may arise from the use of our products in conjunction with other vendors’ products, which could, among other things, make us lose customers and revenue.

Our products are complex and are designed to be deployed in large and complex networks. Our products can only be fully tested when completely deployed in these networks with high amounts of traffic. Networking products frequently contain undetected software or hardware errors when first introduced or as new versions are released. Our customers may discover errors or defects in our software or hardware, or our products may not operate as expected after they have used them extensively in their networks. In addition, service providers typically use our products in conjunction with products from other vendors. As a result, if problems occur, it may be difficult to identify the source of the problems.

If we are unable to fix any defects or errors or other problems arise, we could:

lose revenues;

lose existing customers;

fail to attract new customers and achieve market acceptance;

divert development resources;

increase service and repair, warranty, and insurance costs; and

be subjected to legal actions for damages by our customers.

If our products do not operate within our customers’ networks, installations will be delayed or cancelled, reducing our revenue, or we may have to modify some of our product designs. Product modifications could increase our expenses and reduce the profit margins on our products.

Our customers require that our products be designed to operate within their existing networks, each of which may have different specifications. Our customers’ networks contain multiple generations of products that have been added over time as these networks have grown and evolved. If our products do not operate within our customers’ networks, installations could be delayed and orders for our products could be cancelled, causing our revenue to decline. The requirement that we modify product designs in order to achieve a sale may result in a longer sales cycle, increased research and development expense, and reduced margins on our products.

The market for communications equipment products and services is rapidly changing.

The market for communications network equipment, software, and integration services is rapidly changing. We believe our future growth will depend, in part, on our ability to successfully develop and introduce commercially new features for our existing products and new products for this market. Our future will also depend on the return of growth in the communications equipment market. The growth in the market for communications equipment products and services is dependent on a number of factors. These factors include:

resumption of meaningful capital equipment purchases by network providers;

the amount of capital expenditures by network providers;

regulatory and legal developments;

changes to capital expenditure rates by network providers;

continued growth of network traffic globally;

the addition of new customers to the market; and

end-user demand for integrated advanced high-speed network services.

We cannot predict the growth rate of the market for communications equipment products and services. The slowdown in the general economy over the past two years, changes and consolidation in the service provider market, and the constraints on capital availability have had a material adverse effect on many of our service provider customers, with a number of such customers going out of business or substantially reducing their expansion plans and purchases. Also, we cannot predict technological trends or new products in this market. In addition, we cannot predict whether our products and services will meet with market acceptance or be profitable or how their sales may be impacted by the possible consolidation of communications service provider customers. We may not be able to compete successfully, and competitive pressures may affect our business, operating results, and financial condition materially and adversely.

If our products do not meet industry standards that may emerge, or if some industry standards are not ultimately adopted, we will not gain market acceptance and our revenue will not grow.

Our success depends, in part, on both the adoption of industry standards for new technologies in our market and our products’ compliance with industry standards. To date, no industry standards have been adopted related to some functions of our products. The absence of industry standards may prevent market acceptance of our products if potential customers delay purchases of new equipment until standards are adopted. In addition, in developing our products, we have made, and will continue to make, assumptions about the industry standards that may be adopted by our competitors and existing and potential customers. If the standards adopted are different from those that we have chosen to support, customers may not choose our products, and our sales and related revenue will be significantly reduced.

If we do not establish and increase our market share in the intensively competitive optical networking market, we will experience, among other things, reduced revenue and gross margins.

If we do not compete successfully in the intensely competitive market for public telecommunications network equipment, we may lose any advantage that we might have by being the first to market with an optical switch. In addition to losing any competitive advantage, we may also:

not be able to obtain or retain customers;

experience price reductions for our products;

experience order cancellations;

experience increased expenses; and

experience reduced gross margins.

Many of our competitors, in comparison to us, have:

longer operating histories;

greater name recognition;

larger customer bases; and

significantly greater financial, technical, sales, marketing, manufacturing, and other resources.

These competitors may be able to reduce our market share by adopting more aggressive pricing policies than we can or by developing products that gain wider market acceptance than our products.

Our ability to compete could be jeopardized and our business plan seriously compromised if we are unable to protect, from third-party challenges, the development and maintenance of the proprietary aspects of the optical switching products and technology we design.

Our products utilize a variety of proprietary rights that are critical to our competitive position. Because the technology and intellectual property associated with our optical switching products are evolving and rapidly changing, our current intellectual property rights may not adequately protect us in the future. We rely on a combination of laws including patent, copyright, trademark, and trade secret laws and contractual restrictions to protect the intellectual property utilized in our products. For example, we enter into non-competition, confidentiality, or license agreements with our employees, consultants, corporate partners, and customers and control access to, and distribution of, our software, documentation, and other proprietary information. These agreements may be insufficient to prevent former employees from using our technology after the termination of their employment with us. In addition, despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our products or technology. Also, it is possible that no patents or trademarks will be issued from our currently pending or future patent or trademark applications. Because legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability, and scope of protection of patent and intellectual property rights in new technologies are uncertain and still evolving, the future viability or value of our intellectual property rights is uncertain. Moreover, effective patent, trademark, copyright, and trade secret protection may not be available in some countries in which we distribute, or may anticipate distributing, our products. Furthermore, our competitors may independently develop similar technologies that limit the value of our intellectual property or design around patents issued to us. If competitors are able to use our technology, our competitive edge would be reduced or eliminated.

If necessary licenses of third-party technology are not available to us or are very expensive, our products could become obsolete and our business seriously harmed because we could have to limit or cease the development of some of our products.

We currently license technology from several companies that is integrated into our products. We may occasionally be required to license additional technology from third parties or expand the scope of current licenses to sell or develop our products. Existing and future third-party licenses may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. The loss of our current technology licenses or our inability to expand or obtain any third-party license required to sell or

develop our products could require us to obtain substitute technology of lower quality or performance standards or at greater cost or limit or cease the sale or development of certain products or services. If these events occur, we may not be able to increase our sales and our revenue could decline.

Risks Related To The Expansion Of Our Business

If carriers do not adopt optical switching as a solution to their capacity expansion and bandwidth management needs, our operating results will be negatively affected and our stock price could decline.

The market for optical switching is new and unpredictable. Optical switching may not be widely adopted as a method by which service providers address their data capacity requirements. In addition, most service providers have made substantial investments in their current network and are typically reluctant to adopt new and unproven technologies. They may elect to remain with their current network design or to adopt a new design, like ours, in limited stages or over extended periods of time. A decision by a customer to purchase our product involves a significant capital investment. We will need to convince service providers of the benefits of our products for future network upgrades, and if we are unable to do so, a viable market for our products may not develop or be sustainable. If the market for optical switching does not develop, or develops even more slowly than current projections, our operating results will be below our expectations and the price of our stock could decline.

If we are not successful in developing new and enhanced products that respond to customer requirements and technological changes, customers will not buy our products and we could lose revenue.

The market for optical switching is characterized by changing technologies, new product introductions, and evolving customer and industry standards. We may be unable to anticipate or respond quickly or effectively to rapid technological changes. Also, we may experience design, manufacturing, marketing, and other difficulties that could delay or prevent our development and introduction of new products and enhancements. In addition, if our competitors introduce products based on new or alternative technologies, our existing and future products could become obsolete and our sales could decrease.

If we do not expand our sales, marketing, and distribution channels, we may be unable to increase market awareness and sales of our products, which may prevent us from increasing our sales and achieving and maintaining profitability.

Our products require a sophisticated sales and marketing effort targeted towards a limited number of key individuals within our current and prospective customers’ organizations. These customers may have long- standing vendor relationships that may inhibit our ability to close business. We currently use our direct sales force and plan to develop a distribution channel as required in different regions, using both direct and indirect sales. We believe that our success will depend on our ability to establish successful relationships with various distribution partners as required by customer or region. Customer required partnerships may be with vendors that are also competitors and as such we are at greater risk of not establishing these potential customer-driven partnerships. If we are unable to expand our sales, marketing, and distribution operations, particularly in light of our recent restructurings, we may not be able to effectively market and sell our products, which may prevent us from increasing our sales and achieving and maintaining profitability.

If we are unable to deliver the high level of customer service and support demanded by our customers, we may be unable to increase our sales or we may lose customers and our operating results will suffer.

Our products are complex and our customers demand that a high level of customer service and support be available at all hours. Our customer service and support functions are provided by our small internal customer service and support organization. We may need to increase our staff to support new and existing customers. The reduction of on-site and regional support personnel may negatively impact our ability to properly service customer activities in a timely manner and may also negatively impact customer satisfaction.

If we are unable to manage these functions internally and satisfy our customers with a high level of service and support, any resulting customer dissatisfaction could impair our ability to retain customers and make future sales. We have also considered, and could consider in the future, using third parties to provide certain customer support services. We may be unable to manage effectively those third parties who may provide support services for us and they may provide inadequate levels of customer support. If we are unable to expand our customer service and support organization (internally or externally) and rapidly train these personnel, we may not be able to increase our sales, which could cause the price of our stock to decline.

We depend on our key personnel to manage our business effectively in a rapidly changing market, and if we are unable to retain our key employees, our ability to compete could be harmed.

        We depend on the continued services of our executive officers, especially Harry J. Carr, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, Krishna Bala, our Chief Technology Officer, and other key engineering, sales, marketing, and support personnel, who have critical industry experience and relationships that we rely on to implement our business plan. With the exception of Mr. Carr, none of our officers or key employees is bound by an employment agreement for any specific term. We do not have “key person” life insurance policies covering any of our employees.All of our key employees have been granted stock-based awards, which are intended to represent an integral component of their compensation package. These stock-based awards do not currently provide the intended incentive to our employees given our stock price decline. The loss of the services of any of our key employees, the inability to attract and retain qualified personnel in the future, or delays in hiring qualified personnel could delay the development and introduction of, and negatively impact our ability to sell, our products.

If we become subject to unfair hiring, wrongful termination, or other employment-related claims, we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves.

We may become subject to claims from companies in our industry whose employees accept positions with us that we have engaged in unfair hiring practices or inappropriately taken or benefited from confidential or proprietary information. These claims may result in material litigation or judgments against us.

Additionally, in response to changing business conditions, we have reduced our workforce by approximately 330 employees between the second quarter of 2002 and the first quarter of 2003. As a result of dramatic business restructurings, companies often face claims related to employee compensation and/or wrongful termination based on discrimination or other factors pertaining to employment and/or termination. We could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves or our employees against these claims, regardless of the merits of the claims. In addition, defending ourselves from these claims could divert the attention of our management away from our core business, which could cause our financial performance to suffer.

We do not have significant experience in international markets and may have unexpected costs and difficulties in developing international revenue.

We are expanding the marketing and sales of our products internationally. This effort will require significant management attention and financial resources to successfully develop international sales and support channels. We will face risks and challenges that we do not have to address in our U.S. operations, including:

currency fluctuations and exchange control regulations;

changes in regulatory requirements in international markets;

expenses associated with developing and customizing our products for foreign countries;

reduced protection for intellectual property rights; and

compliance with international technical and regulatory standards that differ from domestic standards.

We may not be able to obtain additional capital to fund our existing and future operations.

At September 30, 2003, we had approximately $140.9 million in cash and cash equivalents. Based on our current plans and business conditions, we believe that our current cash, cash equivalents, investments, our line of credit facilities, and cash anticipated to be available from future operations, will enable us to meet our working capital, capital expenditure requirements, and other liquidity requirements for the next 12 months. We may need to raise additional funding at that time or earlier if we decide to undertake more rapid expansion, including acquisitions of complementary products or technologies, or if we increase our marketing and/or research and development efforts in order to respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we may need to raise substantial additional capital. We cannot be certain that we will be able to obtain additional financing on favorable terms, if at all. If we are unable to obtain additional capital on acceptable terms, we may be required to reduce the scope of our planned product development and/or marketing and sales efforts and we may be unable to respond appropriately to competitive pressures, any of which would seriously harm our business. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the issuance of additional securities could result in dilution to our existing stockholders. If additional funds are raised through the issuance of debt securities, their terms could impose additional restrictions on our operations.

If we make acquisitions, our stockholders could be diluted and we could assume additional contingent liabilities. In addition, if we fail to successfully integrate or manage the acquisitions we make, our business could be disrupted and we could lose sales.

We may consider investments in complementary businesses, products, or technologies. In the event of any future acquisitions, we could:

issue stock that would dilute our current stockholders’ percentage ownership;

incur debt that will give rise to interest charges and may impose material restrictions on the manner in which we operate our business;

assume liabilities;

incur amortization expenses related to intangible assets; or

incur large and immediate write-offs.

��

We also face numerous risks, including the following, in operating and integrating any acquired business:

problems combining the acquired operations, technologies, or products;

diversion of management’s time and attention from our core business;

adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers;

risks associated with entering markets in which we have no or limited prior experience; and

potential loss of key employees, particularly those of acquired companies.

We may not be able to successfully integrate businesses, products, technologies, or personnel that we might acquire in the future. If we fail to do so, we could experience lost sales or disruptions to our business.

The communications industry is subject to government regulations. These regulations could negatively affect our growth and reduce our revenue.

        Our products and our customers’ products are subject to Federal Communications Commission rules and regulations. Current and future Federal Communications Commission rules and regulations affecting communications services or our customers’ businesses or products could negatively affect our business. In addition, international regulatory standards could impair our ability to develop products for international service providers in the future. We may not obtain or maintain all of the regulatory approvals that may, in the future, be required to operate our business. Our inability to obtain these approvals, as well as any delays caused by our compliance and our customers’ compliance with regulatory requirements, could result in postponements or cancellations of our product orders, which would significantly reduce our revenue.

Risks Related To Our Product Manufacturing

If we fail to predict our manufacturing and component requirements accurately, we could incur additional costs or experience manufacturing delays, which could harm our customer relationships.

We provide forecasts of our demand to our contract manufacturers and component vendors up to six months prior to scheduled delivery of products to our customers. In addition, lead times for materials and components that we order are long and depend on factors such as the procedures of, or contract terms with, a

specific supplier and demand for each component at a given time. If we overestimate our requirements, we may have excess inventory, which could increase our costs and harm our relationship with our contract manufacturers and component vendors due to unexpectedly reduced future orders. If we underestimate our requirements, we may have an inadequate inventory of components and optical assemblies, which could interrupt manufacturing of our products, result in delays in shipments to our customers and damage our customer relationships.

Some of the optical components used in our products may be difficult to obtain. This could inhibit our ability to manufacture our products and we could lose revenue and market share.

Our industry has previously experienced shortages of optical components and may again in the future. For some of these components, there previously were long waiting periods between placement of an order and receipt of the components. If such shortages should reoccur, component suppliers could impose allocations that limit the number of components they supply to a given customer in a specified time period. These suppliers could choose to increase allocations to larger, more established companies, which could reduce our allocations and harm our ability to manufacture our products. If we are not able to manufacture and ship our products on a timely basis, we could lose revenue, our reputation could be harmed, and customers may find our competitors’ products more attractive.

Any disruption in our manufacturing relationships may cause us to fail to meet our customers’ demands, damage our customer relationships, and cause us to lose revenue.

We rely on a small number of contract manufacturers to manufacture our products in accordance with our specifications and to fill orders on a timely basis. Our contract manufacturers may not always have sufficient quantities of inventory available to fill our orders or may not allocate their internal resources to fill these orders on a timely basis.

We currently do not have long-term contracts with any of our manufacturers. As a result, our contract manufacturers are not obligated to supply products to us for any specific period, in any specific quantity, or at any specific price, except as may be provided in a particular purchase order. If for any reason these manufacturers were to stop satisfying our needs without providing us with sufficient warning to procure an alternate source, our ability to sell our products could be harmed. In addition, any failure by our contract manufacturers to supply us with our products on a timely basis could result in late deliveries. Our inability to meet our delivery deadlines could adversely affect our customer relationships and, in some instances, result in termination of these relationships or potentially subject us to litigation. Qualifying a new contract manufacturer and commencing volume production is expensive and time-consuming and could significantly interrupt the supply of our products. If we are required or choose to change contract manufacturers, we may damage our customer relationships and lose revenue.

There are a limited number of suppliers that manufacture components for optical networking products. Any disruption to their businesses could seriously jeopardize our ability to develop and/or manufacture our equipment.

There is currently significant turmoil in the optical components marketplace. Our ability to produce our products could be significantly impacted if our component suppliers:

change their product direction;

experience cash flow or other financial problems, which delay their supply of components to us;

cease operating completely; or

cease production of required components.

We purchase several of our key components from single or limited sources. If we are unable to obtain these components on a timely basis, we will not be able to meet our customers’ product delivery requirements, which could harm our reputation and decrease our sales.

We purchase several key components from single or, in some cases, limited sources. We do not have long-term supply contracts for these components. If any of our sole or limited source suppliers experience capacity constraints, work stoppages, or any other reduction or disruption in output, they may not be able or may choose not to meet our delivery schedules. Also, our suppliers may:

enter into exclusive arrangements with our competitors;

be acquired by our competitors;

stop selling their products or components to us at commercially reasonable prices;

refuse to sell their products or components to us at any price; or

be unable to obtain or have difficulty obtaining components for their products from their suppliers.

If supply for these key components is disrupted, we may be unable to manufacture and deliver our products to our customers on a timely basis, which could result in lost or delayed revenue, harm to our reputation, increased manufacturing costs, and exposure to claims by our customers. Even if alternate suppliers are available to us, we may have difficulty identifying them in a timely manner, we may incur significant additional expense, and we may experience difficulties or delays in manufacturing our products. Any failure to meet our customers’ delivery requirements could harm our reputation and decrease our sales.

Item 3.Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosure About Market Risk

We have not entered into contracts for derivative financial instruments. We have assessed our vulnerability to market risks, including interest rate risk associated with financial instruments included in cash and cash equivalents and foreign currency risk. Due to the short-term nature of our investments and other investment policies and procedures, we have determined that the risks associated with interest rate fluctuations related to these financial instruments are not material to our business. Additionally, as all sales contracts are denominated in U.S. dollars and our European subsidiaries are not significant in size compared to the consolidated company, we have determined that foreign currency risk is not material to our business.

Item 4.Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, evaluated, summarized, and reported accurately within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) rules and forms. As of the end of the period covered by the report, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14). Based upon that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the date of that evaluation.

PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.Legal Proceedings

In addition to the securities litigation, in late July 2002, Corning Incorporated filed a Demand for Arbitration arising out of a dispute in connection with our October 2000 merger with Astarte Fiber Networks, Inc. Corning alleges that Astarte and Tellium, as successor-in-interest to Astarte, fraudulently induced Corning to enter into a contract, breached that contract, and breached warranties presented in that contract. The Demand for Arbitration was subsequently amended to add a claim for unjust enrichment. Corning seeks an award of $38 million, plus expenses and interest. We have filed a response with the American Arbitration Association that we are not a proper party to the dispute. A third party to the Demand has also responded to the American Arbitration Association that we are not relevant to the dispute. The arbiters have been empanelled, and a preliminary hearing was held on February 27, 2003. At the preliminary hearing, we made a motion to dismiss the suit against us for failure to state a viable claim as to Tellium, and the arbiters set a briefing schedule on the motion. The parties completed briefing on July 18, 2003. On September 17, 2003, the arbiters denied our motion to dismiss, with a suggestion that Tellium refile its motion on the close of discovery. The parties have also commenced some discovery, including requests for documents, written interrogatories, and depositions. On October 28, 2003, Tellium commenced in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York an action for a declaratory judgment that Tellium is not a proper party to the arbitration. Tellium’s action seeks to have the arbitration stayed and Corning enjoined from pursuing arbitration any further against Tellium. It is too early in the dispute process to determine what impact, if any, this dispute will have upon our business, financial condition, or results of operations. We intend to vigorously defend the claims made in any legal proceedings that may result and pursue any possible counterclaims against Corning, Astarte, and other parties associated with the claims.

On various dates between approximately December 10, 2002 and February 27, 2003, eight class-action securities complaints were filed against Tellium in the United States District Court, District of New Jersey. These complaints allege, among other things, that Tellium and its then-current directors and executive officers and its underwriter violated the Securities Act of 1933 by making false and misleading statements preceding our initial public offering and in our registration statement prospectus relating to the securities offered in the initial public offering. The complaints further allege that these parties violated the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 by acting recklessly or intentionally in making the alleged misstatements. The actions seek damages in an unspecified amount, including compensatory damages, costs, and expenses incurred in connection with the actions and equitable relief as may be permitted by law or equity. On August 4, 2003, we filed a motion to dismiss these actions. It is too early in the legal process to determine what impact, if any, these suits will have upon our business, financial condition, or results of operations. We intend to vigorously defend the claims made in these actions, which have been consolidated.

On January 8, 2003 and January 27, 2003, two shareholder derivative complaints were filed on behalf of Tellium in the Superior Court of New Jersey. These complaints were made by plaintiffs who purport to be Tellium shareholders on behalf of Tellium, alleging, among other things, that Tellium directors breached their fiduciary duties to the company by engaging in stock transactions with individuals associated with Qwest, and in making materially misleading statements regarding our relationship with Qwest. The actions seek damages in an unspecified amount, including imposition of a constructive trust in favor of Tellium for the amount of profits allegedly received through stock sales, disgorgement of proceeds in connection with the stock option exercises, damages allegedly sustained by Tellium in connection with alleged breaches of fiduciary duties, costs, and expenses incurred in connection with the actions. These cases have been stayed by the court pending the resolution of motions to dismiss in the above-referenced federal court securities actions. It is too early in the legal process to determine what impact, if any, these suits will have upon our business, financial condition, or results of operations. We intendCompany intends to vigorously defend the claims made in these actions, which have been consolidated.

 

The Denver, Colorado regional office of the SEC is conducting two investigations titledIn the Matter of Qwest Communications International, Inc.andIn the Matter of Issuers Related to Qwest. The first of these investigations does not involve any allegation of wrongful conduct on the part of Tellium. In connection with the second investigation, the SEC is examining various transactions and business relationships involving Qwest and eleven companies having a vendor relationship with Qwest, including Tellium. This investigation, insofar as it relates to us,Tellium, appears to focus generally on whether ourTellium’s transactions and relationships with Qwest were appropriately disclosed in ourTellium’s public filings and other public statements. In addition, the United States Attorney in Denver is conducting an investigation involving Qwest, including Qwest’s relationships with certain of its vendors, including Tellium. In connection with that investigation, the U.S. Attorney has sought documents and information from usTellium and has sought interviews and/or grand jury testimony from persons associated or formerly associated with us,Tellium, including certain of ourits officers.

The U.S. Attorney has indicated that, while aspects of its investigation are in an early stage, neither weTellium nor any of ourthe Company’s current or former officers or employees is a target of the investigation. We areThe Company is cooperating fully with these investigations. We areThe Company is not able, at this time, to say when the SEC and/or U.S. Attorney investigations will be completed and resolved, or what the ultimate outcome with respect to Telliumthe Company will be. These investigations could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and may have a material and adverse effect on ourthe Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.

As previously disclosed, TelliumThe Company is subject to other legal proceedings, claims and 185 Monmouth Parkway Associates, L.P. filed complaints and other documents against each other asserting claimslitigation arising out of certain real property lease agreements between Tellium and 185 Monmouth pursuant to which Tellium leased certain real property in West Long Branch, New Jersey. Tellium’s suit also asserted claims against other related entities concerning property leased in Oceanport, New Jersey. On November 12, 2003, the parties to the above litigations reached an out-of-court settlement in which Tellium has agreed to pay approximately $2.5 million to settle (i) all of the claims asserted in connection with the complaints and other documents filed in the Superior Courtordinary course of New Jersey, Monmouth County and (ii) allbusiness. While the outcome of these matters is currently not determinable, management does not expect that the claims that may ariseultimate costs to resolve these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or have arisen from the real property leases for the West Long Branch, New Jersey, properties, with the exception of contingent obligations under certain lease provisions requiring indemnification of the landlord for personal injury claims accruing during the lease periods and compliance with environmental statutes and other laws. The settlement agreement also provides for releases of all parties named in the lawsuits for all claims that were or could have been raised in the litigations or with respect to the West Long Branch leases.

financial position.

 

Item 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds.Proceeds

In February 2004, the Company issued 1.0 million shares of unregistered common stock valued at $5.74 million to Gluon Networks in connection with the acquisition of its assets. The issuance was deemed exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) in reliance on Regulation D of the Securities Act.

In March 2004, the Company issued 10,000 shares of unregistered common stock to one entity as a charitable contribution. The issuance was deemed exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance on Section 4(2) of the Securities Act as a transaction by an issuer not involving a public offering.

In April 2004, the Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-3 which will, when declared effective, register the shares issued to the former Gluon stockholders and the shares issued as a charitable contribution as described above.

Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4.Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

Not applicable.

Item 5.Other Information

Not applicable.

Item 6.Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K

 

 (a)Changes in Securities.Exhibits (1)

None.

(b)Use of Proceeds.

On May 17, 2001, in connection with our initial public offering, a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-46362) was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The net proceeds of our initial public offering were approximately $139.5 million. The proceeds of this offering were invested in short-term, interest-bearing, investment-grade securities. We expect to use the net proceeds from this offering primarily to fund operating losses and for working capital and other general corporate purposes to implement our business strategies. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds from our initial public offering to acquire or invest in businesses, technologies, or products that are complementary to our business.
Exhibit

  

Description


2.1(2) Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated as of December 7, 2000, by and among ZTI, Xybridge Technologies Acquisition Corporation and Xybridge Technologies, Inc.
2.2(2) Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of August 24, 2001, by and among ZTI, and Nortel Networks Corporation.
2.3(2) Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 18, 2002, by and among ZTI, VCI Acquisition Corporation and Vpacket Communications, Inc.
2.4(2) Stock Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of February 14, 2003, by and among ZTI and NEC eLuminant Technologies, Inc.
2.5(3) Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 27, 2003, by and among Registrant, Zebra Acquisition Corp. and ZTI.
3.1(4) Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated May 22, 2001.
3.2  Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation dated November 13, 2003.
3.3  Certificate of Ownership and Merger dated November 13, 2003.
3.4(4) Amended and Restated Bylaws.
4.1  Form of Second Restated Rights Agreement dated November 13, 2003.
10.1(2) Employment Agreement, dated as of October 20, 1999, by and between ZTI and Mory Ejabat, Registrant’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.
10.2(2) Employment Agreement, dated as of October 20, 1999, by and between ZTI and Jeanette Symons, Registrant’s Chief Technology Officer and Vice President, Engineering.

10.3  (2) Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2002, by and between ZTI and Mory Ejabat.
10.4  (2) Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2002, by and between ZTI and Jeanette Symons.
10.5  (2) Promissory Note and Pledge Agreement, dated as of July 11, 2002, by and between ZTI and Mory Ejabat.
10.6  (2) Promissory Note and Pledge Agreement, dated as of July 11, 2002, by and between ZTI and Jeanette Symons.
10.7  (2) Strategic Alliance Agreement, dated as of March 13, 2000, by and between ZTI and Solectron Corporation.
10.8  (2) Form of Asset Purchase Agreement by and between ZTI and Solectron Corporation.
10.9  (2) Supply Agreement, dated as of March 13, 2000, by and between ZTI and Solectron Corporation.
10.10(2) Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of March 30, 2001, by and between ZTI and Fremont Investment and Loan.
10.11(2) Pledge and Assignment of Cash Collateral Account, dated as of March 30, 2001, by and between ZTI and Fremont Investment and Loan.
10.12(2) Secured Promissory Note, dated as of March 30, 2001, by and between ZTI and Fremont Investment and Loan.
10.13(2) Purchase and Sale Agreement with Repurchase Options, dated as of January 20, 2000, by and between ZTI and the Redevelopment Agency of the City of Oakland.
10.14(2) 1999 Stock Option Plan, as amended.
10.15(4) Amended and Restated 1997 Employee Stock Incentive Plan.
10.16(4) 2001 Stock Incentive Plan.
10.17(5) 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
10.18(6) Amended and Restated Special 2001 Stock Incentive Plan.
10.19(7) 2002 Stock Incentive Plan.
10.20  Form of Indemnification Agreement by and between Registrant and Registrant’s directors and officers.
10.21  Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of February 24, 2004, by and between Registrant and Silicon Valley Bank.
21.1    List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant
31.1    Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2    Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32  Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

Item 3.(1)Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4.Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.

None.

Item 5.Other Information.

None.

Item 6.Exhibits and ReportsThe exhibit list previously filed with the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 8-K.10-K for the period ending December 31, 2003 (except for Exhibits 23.1, 24.1, 31.1, 31.2 and 32 thereto) is hereby restated as follows.

 

(2)(a)Exhibits.Incorporated by reference to ZTI Merger Subsidiary III, Inc.’s Report on Form 10 filed with the Commission on April 30, 2003.

 

Exhibit


(3)

Description


10.1*

Modification dated September 5, 2003 of Business Loan Agreement dated June 1, 2000Incorporated by and between Commerce Bank/Shore, N.A. and Tellium, Inc.

10.2*

Third Amendment dated September 5, 2003 toreference from the Promissory Note dated June 1, 2000 and Rider to Promissory Note datedForm 8-K filed on July 30, 2001 made by Tellium, Inc. In favor of Commerce Bank/Shore, N.A.

31.1*

Section 302 Certification of Harry J. Carr, Chief Executive Officer

31.2*

Section 302 Certification of Michael J. Losch, Chief Financial Officer

32*

Certification of Harry J. Carr, Chief Executive Officer, and Michael J. Losch, Chief Financial Officer28, 2003.

 


*(4)Filed herewithIncorporated by reference from the Registration Statement filed on Form S-1, Registration No. 333-46362, as amended.

(5)Incorporated by reference from the Registration Statement filed on Form S-8, filed with the Commission on May 21, 2002.

(6)Incorporated by reference from the Quarterly Report filed on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2002, filed with the Commission on August 15, 2002.

(7)Incorporated by reference from the Registration Statement filed on Form S-8, filed with the Commission on August 28, 2002.

 

 (b)Reports on Form 8-K.8-K

 

On July 28, 2003, weFebruary 3, 2004, the Company filed a current report on Form 8-K announcing that (i) we had entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 27, 2003, with Zhone Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and Zebra Acquisition Corp., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tellium, (iii) Tellium and Zhone had issued a joint press release dated July 28, 2003 announcing the execution of the Merger Agreement, and (iii) we had issued a press release announcing our financial results for the quarter ended June 30, 2003.

On August 1, 2003, we filed a report on Form 8-Krelated to file as an exhibit a written transcript of conference call of Tellium held on July 28, 2003, regarding its results of operations and financial condition for the quarter ended June 30, 2003.

On October 16, 2003, we filed a report on Form 8-K to file as an exhibit a press release announcing its financial results for the quarter ended September 30,December 31, 2003.

 

On November 4, 2003, weFebruary 6, 2004, the Company filed a current report on Form 8-K8-K/A relating to file as an exhibit a press release announcing that our board of directors had unanimously approved a one-for-four reverse stock split of Tellium’s outstanding common stock.change in accountants which resulted from the merger with Tellium.

SIGNATURESSIGNATURE

 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrantregistrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

  

ZHONETELLIUMECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Dated: November 13, 2003Date: May 14, 2004

By: /s/    MS/    HARRYORTEZA J. CEARRJABAT        
  
  

Harry J. Carr

Chairman of the Board and

Chief Executive Officer

Dated: November 13, 2003

Name: /S/    MICHAEL J. LOSCHMorteza Ejabat
  
  

Michael J. Losch

Title:Chief FinancialExecutive Officer Secretary and Treasurer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

 

3140