UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

 

xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended MayAugust 31, 2009

OR

 

¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                     to                     

Commission File Number 001-33378

DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware 36-2517428
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2500 Lake Cook Road

Riverwoods, Illinois 60015

 (224) 405-0900
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ¨x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer  x

  Accelerated filer  ¨

Non-accelerated filer  ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

  Smaller reporting company  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act.)    Yes  ¨    No  x

As of June 26,September 30, 2009 there were 483,081,101542,814,731 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

 

 

 


DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended MayAugust 31, 2009

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

  3

Item 1.      Financial Statements

  3

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

  3

Consolidated Statements of Income

  4

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

  5

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

  6

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

  7

Item 2.       Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

  3440

Item 3.      Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

  6976

Item 4.      Controls and Procedures

  7077

Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

  7178

Item 1.      Legal Proceedings

  7178

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

  7279

Item 2.      Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

  7580

Item 3.      Defaults Upon Senior Securities

  7580

Item 4.      Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

  7580

Item 5.      Other Information

  7680

Item 6.      Exhibits

  7680

Except as otherwise indicated or unless the context otherwise requires, “Discover Financial Services,” “Discover,” “DFS,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “the Company” refer to Discover Financial Services and its subsidiaries.

We own or have rights to use the trademarks, trade names and service marks that we use in conjunction with the operation of our business, including, but not limited to: Discover®, PULSE®, Cashback Bonus®, Discover® More® Card, Discover® MotivaSM Card, Discover® Open Road® Card, Discover® Network and Diners Club International®. All other trademarks, trade names and service marks included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q are the property of their respective owners.

Part I.FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item 1.Financial Statements

DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

 

  May 31,
2009
 November 30,
2008
   August 31,
2009
 November 30,
2008
 
  (unaudited)   (unaudited) 
  (dollars in thousands, except
per share amounts)
   (dollars in thousands, except
per share amounts)
 

Assets

      

Cash and due from banks

  $815,680   $793,585    $485,994   $793,585  

Federal Funds sold

   —      1,050,000     —      1,050,000  

Interest-earning deposits

   8,879,145    8,327,558     10,342,248    8,327,558  
              

Cash and cash equivalents

   9,694,825    10,171,143     10,828,242    10,171,143  

Restricted cash—special dividend escrow

   427,357    —       502,292    —    

Investment securities:

      

Available-for-sale (amortized cost of $1,491,255 and $1,211,245 at May 31, 2009 and November 30, 2008, respectively)

   1,429,738    1,127,119  

Held-to-maturity (fair value of $91,796 and $84,167 at May 31, 2009 and November 30, 2008, respectively)

   99,682    100,825  

Available-for-sale (amortized cost of $1,541,777 and $1,211,245 at August 31, 2009 and November 30, 2008, respectively)

   1,523,726    1,127,119  

Held-to-maturity (fair value of $1,370,040 and $84,167 at August 31, 2009 and November 30, 2008, respectively)

   1,742,808    100,825  
              

Total investment securities

   1,529,420    1,227,944     3,266,534    1,227,944  

Loan receivables:

      

Credit card

   25,312,764    23,814,307     22,721,603    23,814,307  

Other

   2,128,750    1,402,304     2,768,206    1,402,304  
              

Total loan receivables

   27,441,514    25,216,611     25,489,809    25,216,611  

Allowance for loan losses

   (1,986,473  (1,374,585   (1,832,360  (1,374,585
              

Net loan receivables

   25,455,041    23,842,026     23,657,449    23,842,026  

Accrued interest receivable

   187,662    159,021     183,230    159,021  

Amounts due from asset securitization

   1,767,545    2,233,600     1,936,783    2,233,600  

Premises and equipment, net

   531,166    552,502     518,105    552,502  

Goodwill

   255,421    255,421     255,421    255,421  

Intangible assets, net

   199,477    203,319     197,556    203,319  

Other assets

   1,470,374    1,247,406     1,352,678    1,247,406  
              

Total assets

  $41,518,288   $39,892,382    $42,698,290   $39,892,382  
              

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

      

Deposits:

      

Interest-bearing deposit accounts

  $29,085,894   $28,452,146    $29,469,059   $28,452,146  

Non-interest bearing deposit accounts

   63,836    78,375     98,079    78,375  
              

Total deposits

   29,149,730    28,530,521     29,567,138    28,530,521  

Short-term borrowings

   500,000    500,000     —      500,000  

Long-term borrowings

   1,427,043    1,735,383     1,795,134    1,735,383  

Accrued interest payable

   235,934    268,967     234,619    268,967  

Special dividend—Morgan Stanley

   513,250    473,000     653,500    473,000  

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

   2,276,691    2,468,688     2,061,697    2,468,688  
              

Total liabilities

   34,102,648    33,976,559     34,312,088    33,976,559  

Commitments, contingencies and guarantees (Note 14)

      

Stockholders’ Equity:

      

Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 1,224,558 issued and outstanding at May 31, 2009

   1,151,979    —    

Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 2,000,000,000 shares authorized; 483,110,566 and 480,517,188 shares issued at May 31, 2009 and November 30, 2008, respectively

   4,831    4,805  

Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 1,224,558 and 0 issued and outstanding at August 31, 2009 and November 30, 2008, respectively

   1,154,739    —    

Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 2,000,000,000 shares authorized; 544,554,807 and 480,517,188 shares issued at August 31, 2009 and November 30, 2008, respectively

   5,446    4,805  

Additional paid-in capital

   3,029,992    2,938,657     3,563,986    2,938,657  

Retained earnings

   3,296,234    3,046,956     3,705,608    3,046,956  

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

   (52,542  (66,338   (24,972  (66,338

Treasury stock, at cost; 1,434,982 and 530,549 shares at May 31, 2009 and November 30, 2008, respectively

   (14,854  (8,257

Treasury stock, at cost; 1,806,292 and 530,549 shares at August 31, 2009 and November 30, 2008, respectively

   (18,605  (8,257
              

Total stockholders’ equity

   7,415,640    5,915,823     8,386,202    5,915,823  
              

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

  $41,518,288   $39,892,382    $42,698,290   $39,892,382  
              

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES

Consolidated Statements of Income

 

 For the Three Months Ended
May 31,
 For the Six Months Ended
May 31,
   For the Three Months Ended
August 31,
 For the Nine Months Ended
August 31,
 
         2009                 2008                 2009                 2008               2009         2008         2009         2008     
 (unaudited)   (unaudited) 
 (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)   (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) 

Interest income:

         

Credit card loans

 $781,176   $503,755   $1,514,675   $1,047,744    $761,477   $581,417   $2,276,152   $1,629,161  

Other loans

  40,641    16,171    75,874    25,403     43,397    22,630    119,271    48,033  

Federal Funds sold

  —      26,062    3,262    67,341     —      16,527    3,262    83,868  

Investment securities

  17,960    11,626    33,544    17,613     18,062    14,372    51,606    31,985  

Deposits

  14,559    34,239    35,059    56,676     6,283    31,551    41,342    88,227  

Other interest income

  3,648    20,210    11,363    60,088     3,998    15,195    15,361    75,283  
                         

Total interest income

  857,984    612,063    1,673,777    1,274,865     833,217    681,692    2,506,994    1,956,557  

Interest expense:

         

Deposits

  308,123    292,441    605,249    602,240     289,518    286,861    894,767    889,101  

Short-term borrowings

  1,345    45    2,528    135     10    —      2,538    135  

Long-term borrowings

  10,537    20,762    24,948    50,314     14,873    18,782    39,821    69,096  
                         

Total interest expense

  320,005    313,248    632,725    652,689     304,401    305,643    937,126    958,332  
                         

Net interest income

  537,979    298,815    1,041,052    622,176     528,816    376,049    1,569,868    998,225  

Provision for loan losses

  643,861    210,969    1,581,674    516,601     380,999    364,838    1,962,673    881,439  
                         

Net interest income after provision for loan losses

  (105,882  87,846    (540,622  105,575     147,817    11,211    (392,805  116,786  
                         

Other income:

         

Securitization income

  325,264    628,031    743,147    1,341,528     567,288    629,046    1,310,435    1,970,574  

Loan fee income

  52,293    53,839    120,315    142,097     75,528    56,514    195,843    198,611  

Discount and interchange revenue

  81,894    65,523    157,161    117,419     51,641    41,480    208,802    158,899  

Fee products

  75,248    59,126    150,024    118,459     78,875    61,124    228,899    179,583  

Merchant fees

  11,736    17,849    24,573    36,693     10,716    16,183    35,289    52,876  

Transaction processing revenue

  32,604    30,405    61,470    56,359     31,839    31,085    93,309    87,444  

Loss on investment securities

  (1,012  (31,280  (1,817  (32,464   (7,422  (5,325  (9,239  (37,789

Antitrust litigation settlement

  472,775    —      947,616    —       472,167    —      1,419,783    —    

Other income

  30,318    21,399    68,587    40,345     35,328    45,014    103,915    85,359  
                         

Total other income

  1,081,120    844,892    2,271,076    1,820,436     1,315,960    875,121    3,587,036    2,695,557  

Other expense:

         

Employee compensation and benefits

  208,151    218,290    427,639    435,660     208,528    222,426    636,167    658,086  

Marketing and business development

  102,922    132,038    214,355    273,591     77,814    137,928    292,169    411,519  

Information processing and communications

  74,441    79,449    149,338    157,725     67,679    76,675    217,017    234,400  

Professional fees

  74,550    81,392    144,673    155,064     83,746    82,775    228,419    237,839  

Premises and equipment

  18,223    19,803    36,295    39,444     18,437    20,274    54,732    59,718  

Other expense

  82,341    75,853    147,451    147,684     67,634    72,469    215,085    220,153  
                         

Total other expense

  560,628    606,825    1,119,751    1,209,168     523,838    612,547    1,643,589    1,821,715  
                         

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense

  414,610    325,913    610,703    716,843     939,939    273,785    1,550,642    990,628  

Income tax expense

  188,810    124,370    264,509    276,471     362,485    94,885    626,994    371,356  
                         

Income from continuing operations

  225,800    201,543    346,194    440,372     577,454    178,900    923,648    619,272  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

  —      32,605    —      (125,010   —      1,153    —      (123,857
                         

Net income

  225,800    234,148    346,194    315,362     577,454    180,053    923,648    495,415  

Preferred stock dividends and accretion of discount

  (16,554  —      (16,554  —       (18,067  —      (34,621  —    
                         

Net income available to common stockholders

 $209,246   $234,148   $329,640   $315,362    $559,387   $180,053   $889,027   $495,415  
                         

Basic earnings per share:

         

Income from continuing operations available to common stockholders

 $0.43   $0.42   $0.69   $0.92    $1.09   $0.38   $1.81   $1.29  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

  —      0.07    —      (0.26

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax

   —      —      —      (0.26
                         

Net income available to common stockholders

 $0.43   $0.49   $0.69   $0.66    $1.09   $0.38   $1.81   $1.03  
                         

Diluted earnings per share:

         

Income from continuing operations available to common stockholders

 $0.43   $0.42   $0.68   $0.92    $1.07   $0.37   $1.79   $1.28  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

  —      0.06    —      (0.27

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax

   —      —      —      (0.25
                         

Net income available to common stockholders

 $0.43   $0.48   $0.68   $0.65    $1.07   $0.37   $1.79   $1.03  
                         

Dividends paid per share of common stock

 $0.02   $0.06   $0.08   $0.12    $0.02   $0.06   $0.10   $0.18  

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

 

 Preferred Stock Common Stock Additional
Paid-in
Capital
  Retained
Earnings
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
  Treasury
Stock
  Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
  Preferred Stock Common Stock Additional
Paid-in
Capital
  Retained
Earnings
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
  Treasury
Stock
  Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
 Shares Amount Shares Amount  Shares Amount Shares Amount 
 (unaudited)  (unaudited) 
 (dollars and shares in thousands)  (dollars and shares in thousands) 

Balance at November 30, 2007

 —   $—   477,762 $4,777 $2,846,127   $2,717,905   $32,032   $(1,419 $5,599,422   —   $—   477,762 $4,777 $2,846,127   $2,717,905   $32,032   $(1,419 $5,599,422  

Adoption of FASB Interpretation No. 48

 —    —   —    —    —      (8,743  —      —      (8,743 —    —   —    —    —      (8,743  —      —      (8,743

Comprehensive income:

                  

Net income

 —    —   —    —    —      315,362    —      —      315,362   —    —   —    —    —      495,415    —      —      495,415  

Foreign currency translation, net of tax

 —    —   —    —    —      —      (48,358  —      —    —   —    —    —      —      (48,358  —     

Net unrealized losses on investment securities, net of tax

 —    —   —    —    —      —      (9,103  —     

Adjustments related to investment securities, net of tax

 —    —   —    —    —      —      (22,657  —     
                      

Other comprehensive loss

 —    —   —    —    —      —      (57,461  —      (57,461 —    —   —    —    —      —      (71,015  —      (71,015
                      

Total comprehensive income

 —    —   —    —    —      —      —      —      257,901   —    —   —    —    —      —      —      —      424,400  

Purchases of treasury stock

 —    —   —    —    —      —      —      (2,986  (2,986 —    —   —    —    —      —      —      (5,748  (5,748

Common stock issued under employee benefit plans

 —    —   1,138  12  16,125    —      —      —      16,137   —    —   1,150  12  16,310    —      —      —      16,322  

Common stock issued and stock-based compensation expense

 —    —   709  7  46,559    —      —      —      46,566   —    —   1,316 ��13  62,621    —      —      —      62,634  

Dividends

 —    —   —    —    —      (58,471  —      —      (58,471

Dividends paid—common stock

 —    —   —    —    —      (87,759  —      —      (87,759

Other

 —    —   —    —    (135  —      —      —      (135 —    —   —    —    (135  —      —      —      (135
                                              

Balance at May 31, 2008

 —   $—   479,609 $4,796 $2,908,676   $2,966,053   $(25,429 $(4,405 $5,849,691  

Balance at August 31, 2008

 —   $—   480,228 $4,802 $2,924,923   $3,116,818   $(38,983 $(7,167 $6,000,393  
                                              

Balance at November 30, 2008

 —   $—   480,517 $4,805 $2,938,657   $3,046,956   $(66,338 $(8,257 $5,915,823   —   $—   480,517 $4,805 $2,938,657   $3,046,956   $(66,338 $(8,257 $5,915,823  

Adoption of the measurement date provision of FASB Statement No. 158, net of tax

 —    —   —    —    —      (1,110  —      —      (1,110 —    —   —    —    —      (1,110  —      —      (1,110

Comprehensive income:

                  

Net income

 —    —   —    —    —      346,194    —      —      346,194   —    —   —    —    —      923,648    —      —      923,648  

Adjustments related to investment securities, net of tax

 —    —   —    —    —      —      14,035    —      —    —   —    —    —      —      41,605    —     

Adjustments related to pension and postretirement, net of tax

 —    —   —    —    —      —      (239  —      —    —   —    —    —      —      (239  —     
                      

Other comprehensive income

 —    —   —    —    —      —      13,796    —      13,796   —    —   —    —    —      —      41,366    —      41,366  
                      

Total comprehensive income

 —    —   —    —    —      —      —      —      359,990   —    —   —    —    —      —      —      —      965,014  

Purchases of treasury stock

 —    —   —    —    —      —      —      (6,597  (6,597 —    —   —    —    —      —      —      (10,348  (10,348

Common stock issued under employee benefit plans

 —    —   99  1  665    —      —      —      666   —    —   99  1  913    —      —      —      914  

Common stock issued and stock based compensation expense

 —    —   2,495  25  24,417    120    —      —      24,562  

Common stock issued and stock-based compensation expense

 —    —   3,885  40  33,803    120    —      —      33,963  

Income tax deficiency on stock-based compensation plans

 —    —   —    —    (9,614  —      —      —      (9,614 —    —   —    —    (18,494  —      —      —      (18,494

Issuance of common stock

 —    —   60,054  600  533,240    —      —      —      533,840  

Dividends paid—common stock

 —    —   —    —    —      (48,885  —      —      (48,885

Issuance of preferred stock

 1,225  1,148,691 —    —    75,867    —      —      —      1,224,558   1,225  1,148,691 —    —    75,867    —      —      —      1,224,558  

Accretion of preferred stock discount

 —    3,288 —    —    —      (3,288  —      —      —     —    6,048 —    —    —      (6,048  —      —      —    

Dividends—preferred stock

 —    —    —    —      (13,266  —      —      (13,266 —    —   —    —    —      (28,573  —      —      (28,573

Dividends paid—common stock

 —    —   —    —    —      (39,122  —      —      (39,122

Special dividend—Morgan Stanley

 —    —   —    —    —      (40,250  —      —      (40,250 —    —   —    —    —      (180,500  —      —      (180,500
                                              

Balance at May 31, 2009

 1,225 $1,151,979 483,111 $4,831 $3,029,992   $3,296,234   $(52,542 $(14,854 $7,415,640  

Balance at August 31, 2009

 1,225 $1,154,739 544,555 $5,446 $3,563,986   $3,705,608   $(24,972 $(18,605 $8,386,202  
                                              

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 

  For the Six Months Ended
May 31,
   For the Nine Months Ended
August 31,
 
  2009 2008       2009         2008     
  (unaudited)   (unaudited) 
  (dollars in thousands)   (dollars in thousands) 

Cash flows from operating activities

      

Net income

  $346,194   $315,362    $923,648   $495,415  

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

      

Loss on sale of Goldfish business

   —      152,060     —      153,073  

Loss on investments securities

   1,817    32,464  

Loss on investment securities

   9,239    37,789  

Gain on equipment

   (63  —       377    —    

Stock-based compensation expense

   25,228    62,703     34,877    78,956  

Income tax deficiency on stock-based compensation expense

   (9,614  —       (18,494  —    

Deferred income taxes

   (242,929  (22,867   (124,460  (86,833

Depreciation and amortization on premises and equipment

   49,134    55,621     73,391    81,000  

Other depreciation and amortization

   (5,329  60,801     (10,964  92,120  

Provision for loan losses

   1,581,674    536,612     1,962,673    901,450  

Amortization of deferred revenues

   (3,321  (9,350   (4,598  (44,530

Changes in assets and liabilities:

      

(Increase) decrease in amounts due from asset securitization

   466,055    333,254     296,817    391,033  

(Increase) decrease in other assets

   (57,352  (47,866   (90,970  (129,387

Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities

   (237,916  97,472     (455,387  903,014  
              

Net cash provided by operating activities

   1,913,578    1,566,266     2,596,149    2,873,100  

Cash flows from investing activities

      

Proceeds from the sale of Goldfish business

   —      69,529     —      69,529  

Payments for business and other acquisitions, net of cash acquired

   —      (160,080

Maturities of investment securities

   79,975    28,706     209,576    34,726  

Purchases of investment securities

   (353,822  (20,367   (480,157  (32,129

Proceeds from securitization and sale of loans held for investment

   750,000    4,394,802     2,246,100    5,562,195  

Net principal disbursed on loans held for investment

   (3,896,894  (4,802,649   (5,652,206  (7,665,129

(Increase) decrease in restricted cash—special dividend escrow

   (427,357  —    

(Increase) in restricted cash—special dividend escrow

   (502,292  —    

Proceeds from sale of equipment

   1,513    —       1,247    —    

Purchases of premises and equipment

   (29,932  (45,434   (41,653  (78,414
              

Net cash (used for) investing activities

   (3,876,517  (375,413   (4,219,385  (2,269,302

Cash flows from financing activities

      

Proceeds from the issuance of preferred stock and warrant

   1,224,558    —       1,224,558    —    

Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings

   —      (759,312

Repayment of long-term debt and bank notes

   (307,719  (243,642

Proceeds from the issuance of common stock

   533,840    —    

Proceeds from the issuance of long-term borrowings

   400,000    —    

Net (decrease) in short-term borrowings

   (500,000)  (759,312

Repayment of long-term borrowings and bank notes

   (339,298  (279,009

Purchases of treasury stock

   (6,597  (2,986   (10,348  (5,748

Net increase (decrease) in deposits

   626,046    59,820  

Net increase in deposits

   1,046,320    2,248,246  

Dividends paid on common and preferred stock

   (49,667  (58,471   (74,737  (87,759
              

Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities

   1,486,621    (1,004,591

Net cash provided by financing activities

   2,280,335    1,116,418  

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

   —      (24,592   —      (24,592
              

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

   (476,318  161,670  

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

   657,099    1,695,624  

Cash and cash equivalents, at beginning of period

   10,171,143    8,787,095     10,171,143    8,787,095  
              

Cash and cash equivalents, at end of period

   9,694,825   $8,948,765    $10,828,242   $10,482,719  
              

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:

      

Cash paid during the period for:

      

Interest expense

  $643,667   $718,970    $929,542   $998,259  
              

Income taxes, net of income tax refunds

  $298,877   $129,020    $531,826   $233,062  
              

Non-cash transactions:

      

Special dividend—Morgan Stanley

  $(40,250 $—      $(180,500 $—    
              

Acquisition of certificated beneficial interests in DCENT

  $—     $585,000  

Acquisition of certificated beneficial interests in DCENT and DCMT, net of maturities

  $1,647,783  $750,000  
              

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

 

1.Background and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business. Discover Financial Services (“DFS” or the “Company”) is a leading credit card issuer and electronic payment services company. In the second quarter of 2009, the Company became a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 and a financial holding company under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which subjects the Company to oversight, regulation and examination by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). The Company provides its services through its main subsidiaries Discover Bank and DFS Services LLC, the latter of which, directly or through its subsidiaries, operates Discover’s signature card network (the “Discover Network”), the PULSE Network (“PULSE”) and Diners Club International (“Diners Club”). Discover Bank is a Delaware state-chartered bank that offers its customers a variety of credit card, other consumer loan and deposit products. Discover Network operates a credit card transaction processing network for Discover Card-branded and third-party issued credit cards. PULSE operates an electronic funds transfer network, providing financial institutions issuing debit cards on the PULSE network with access to ATMs, as well as point of sale terminals at retail locations throughout the U.S. for debit card transactions. Diners Club is a global payments network that offers transaction processing and marketing services to licensees globally.

The Company’s business segments are U.S. Card and Third-Party Payments. The U.S. Card segment includes Discover Card-branded credit cards issued to individuals and small businesses on the Discover Network and other consumer products and services, including personal loans, student loans, prepaid cards and other consumer lending and deposit products offered through the Company’s Discover Bank subsidiary. The Third-Party Payments segment includes the PULSE Network, Diners Club and the Company’s third-party issuing business.

Basis of Presentation.The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments which are necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the quarter. All such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Actual results could differ from these estimates. These interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s 2008 audited consolidated and combined financial statements filed with the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2008.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 168,The FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles—a replacement of FASB Statement No. 162 (“Statement No. 168”). This Statement establishes the FASB Accounting Standards Codification as the single source of authoritative U.S. GAAP, superseding all existing accounting standards. Statement No. 168 is effective for interim and annual financial statements issued for periods ending after September 15, 2009. The adoption of Statement No. 168 does not change GAAP and will not impact the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

In June 2009, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 166,Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets-an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140(“ (“Statement No. 166”) and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 167,Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R)(“ (“Statement No. 167”).

Statement No. 166 amends the accounting for transfers of financial assets and iswill impact the principal accounting guidance governingfor the Company’s credit card asset securitization activities. Under Statement No. 166, the Discover Card Master Trust I and Discover Card Execution Note Trust (the “trusts”) used in the Company’s securitization transactions will no longer be exempt from consolidation. Statement No. 167 prescribes an ongoing assessment of the Company’s involvements in the activities of the trusts and its rights or obligations to receive benefits or absorb losses of the trusts that could be potentially significant in order to determine whether those entities will be required to be consolidated onin the Company’s financial statements. The assessment under Statement No. 167 will result in the consolidation of the

trusts by the Company. As a result, credit card receivables held by the securitization trusts and debt issued from those entities will be presented as assets and liabilities of the Company beginning on the effective date of the new standards. The two standards become effective for the Company on December 1, 2009. Initial adoption is expected to have a material impact on the Company’s reported financial condition. If the trusts were consolidated using the carrying amounts of trust assets and liabilities as of MayAugust 31, 2009, this would result in an increase in total assets of approximately $21.1 billion and an increase in total liabilities of approximately $22.3$22.4 billion on the Company’s balance sheet, with the difference of approximately $1.2$1.3 billion recorded as a charge to retained earnings, net of tax. In addition, certain interests in the trust assets currently reflected on the Company’s balance sheet will be reclassified, primarily to loan receivables, cash and cash equivalents and accrued interest receivable. After adoption, the Company’s results of operations will no longer reflect securitization income, but will instead report interest income, and provisions for loan losses and certain other income associated with all managed loan receivables and interest expense associated withinclusive of interest on debt issued from the trusts. Because the Company’s securitization transactions will be accounted for under the new accounting standards as secured borrowings rather than asset sales, the presentation of cash flows from these transactions will be presented as cash flows from financing activities rather than cash flows from investing activities. Prior to the issuance of Statements No. 166 and 167, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 140-4 and FIN 46(R)-8,Disclosures by Public Entities (Enterprises) about Transfers of Financial Assets and Interests in Variable Interest Entities, to require additional information related to securitization activities to be disclosed in advance of the effective date of Statements No. 166 and 167. These disclosures are contained in Note 5: Credit Card Securitization Activities.

In May 2009, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 165,Subsequent Events (“Statement No. 165”). This standard incorporates into authoritative accounting literature certain guidance that already existed within generally accepted auditing standards, but the rules concerning recognition and disclosure of subsequent events will remainremains essentially unchanged.unchanged except for the requirement to disclose the date through which subsequent events were evaluated. Subsequent events guidance addresses events which occur after the balance sheet date but before the issuance of financial statements. Under Statement No. 165 as under current practice, where material, an entity must record the effects of subsequent events that provide evidence about conditions that existed at the balance sheet date and must disclose but not record the effects of subsequent events which provide evidence about conditions that did not exist at the balance sheet date. This StatementThe Company is effective for interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2009. The adoption ofinitially applying Statement No. 165 isin this report and its adoption did not expected to have a materialan impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The Company’s disclosures concerning subsequent events are contained in Note 17: Subsequent Events.

In April 2009, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) No. FAS 157-4,Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly(“ (“FSP FAS 157-4”). This FSPstandard provides guidance for estimating fair value under FASB Statement No. 157,Fair Value Measurements when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have significantly decreased. This FSP also provides guidance for identifying circumstances that indicate a transaction is not orderly. This FSPguidance affirms that the objective of fair value measurement in a market for an asset that is not active is the price that would be received in an orderly (i.e., not distressed) transaction on the measurement date under current market conditions. If the market is determined to be not active, the entity must consider all available evidence in determining whether an observable transaction is orderly. If a quoted price is determined to be associated with a distressed transaction, the entity should place little, if any, weight on that transaction price in estimating fair value or market risk premiums. The Company

adopted this FSP is effective for interim and annual periods ending afteras of June 15,1, 2009. The application of this guidance isdid not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The Company’s disclosures concerning the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities are contained in Note 15: Fair Value Disclosures.

In April 2009, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2,Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments (“FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2”). This FSP changes existing guidance for determining whether an impairment of a debt security is other than temporary. Under this guidance, impairment of a debt security is separated into two components: impairment related to credit loss and impairment related to all other factors. When an entity does not intend to sell thea security and it is more likely than not that the entity will not have to sell the security before recovery of its fair value up to its cost basis, it will recognize the credit component of an other-than-temporary impairment in earnings and the remaining portion in other comprehensive income. Alternatively, if the entity intends to sell the security or concludes that it is more likely than not that it will have to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis, the entire impairment willmust be recorded in earnings. TheThis FSP requires separate display of credit and noncredit losses on the income statement.statement for both equity and debt securities. In addition, this FSP requires quarterly disclosure for investment securities within the scope of FASB Statement No. 115,Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities, which were previously required only in annual financial statements. The Company adopted this FSP is effective for interim and annual periods ending afteras of June 15,

1, 2009. The applicationadoption of this guidance isdid not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.flows and did not result in the reclassification of any previously recognized impairment charges. The Company’s disclosures about investment securities are contained in Note 3: Investment Securities.

In April 2009, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1,Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments (“FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1”). This FSP requires quarterly disclosure of the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair values of all financial instruments within the scope of FASB Statement No. 107,Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments, which were previously required only in annual financial statements. The FSP is effective for interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2009. The application of2009 and, as a result, it is effective beginning with this report. This guidance affectsaddresses disclosures only; therefore it will haveits adoption had no impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The Company’s disclosures concerning the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities are contained in Note 15: Fair Value Disclosures.

In December 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 132(R)-1,Employers’ Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets (“FSP FAS 132(R)-1”). FSP FAS 132(R)-1 provides guidance on an employer’s disclosures about plan assets of a defined benefit pension or other postretirement plan. Required disclosures include how investment allocation decisions are made, the inputs and valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of plan assets and significant concentrations of risk. The FSP is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2009. The application of this guidance will only affect disclosures and therefore will not impact the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

In June 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. EITF 03-6-1,Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities (“FSP EITF 03-6-1”), which addresses whether unvested equity-based awards are participating securities and, therefore, need to be included in the earnings allocation in computing earnings per share under the two-class method described in FASB Statement No. 128,Earnings per Share. FSP EITF 03-6-1 is effective for the Company beginning December 1, 2009 and cannot be adopted early. All prior period earnings per share data presented in financial statements that are issued after the effective date shallmust be adjusted retrospectively to conform to the new guidance. The adoption of FSP EITF 03-6-1 will not impact the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

 

2.Discontinued Operations

On March 31, 2008, the Company sold its Goldfish credit card business, based in the United Kingdom and previously reported as the International Card segment, to Barclays Bank PLC. The aggregate sale price under the agreement was £35 million (which was equivalent to approximately $70 million), which was paid in cash at closing.

The following table provides summary financial information for discontinued operations related to the sale of the Company’s Goldfish business (dollars in thousands):

 

  For the
Three Months
Ended
May 31,
2008
  For the
Six Months
Ended
May 31,
2008
   For the
Three Months
Ended
August 31,
2008
 For the
Nine Months
Ended
August 31,
2008
 

Revenues(1)

  $29,791  $128,355    $2,008   $130,363  
              

Income from discontinued operations

  $21,282  $44,912    $3,483   $48,395  

Gain (loss) on the sale of discontinued operations(2)

   14,800   (220,830

Loss on the sale of discontinued operations(2)

   (1,598  (222,428
              

Pretax income (loss) from discontinued operations

   36,082   (175,918   1,885    (174,033

Income tax expense (benefit)(2)

   3,477   (50,908   732    (50,176
              

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

  $32,605  $(125,010  $1,153   $(123,857
              

 

(1)Revenues are the sum of net interest income and other income.
(2)Gain (loss)Loss on the sale of discontinued operations for the three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2008 includes a $27.1 million realization of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments which were previously recorded net of tax. As a result, there is no tax impact infor the period of salenine months ended August 31, 2008 related to the realization of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments.

3.Investment Securities

The Company’s investment securities consist of the following (dollars in thousands):

 

  May 31,
2009
  November 30,
2008
  August 31,
2009
  November 30,
2008

U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agency obligations

  $14,983  $16,495  $14,205  $16,495

States and political subdivisions of states

   70,150   70,290   68,537   70,290

Other securities:

        

Certificated retained interests in DCENT

   977,357   981,742

Certificated retained interests in DCENT and DCMT

   2,668,146   981,742

Credit card asset-backed securities of other issuers

   393,608   85,762   452,011   85,762

Asset-backed commercial paper notes

   58,758   59,586   51,337   59,586

Other debt and equity securities

   14,564   14,069   12,298   14,069
            

Total other securities

   1,444,287   1,141,159   3,183,792   1,141,159
            

Total investment securities

  $1,529,420  $1,227,944  $3,266,534  $1,227,944
            

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities are as follows (dollars in thousands):

 

   Amortized
Cost
  Gross
Unrealized
Gains
  Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  Fair Value

At May 31, 2009

       

Available-for-Sale Investment Securities(1)

       

Certificated retained interests in DCENT

  $1,065,000  $—    $(87,643 $977,357

Credit card asset-backed securities of other issuers

   367,482   26,128   (2  393,608

Asset-backed commercial paper notes

   58,758   —     —      58,758

Equity securities(2)

   15   —     —      15
                

Total available-for-sale investment securities

  $1,491,255  $26,128  $(87,645 $1,429,738
                

Held-to-Maturity Investment Securities(3)

       

U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agency obligations:

       

Mortgage-backed securities

  $14,484  $664  $—     $15,148

Other

   499   —     —      499
                

Total U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agency obligations

   14,983   664   —      15,647

States and political subdivisions of states

   70,150   —     (8,550  61,600

Other debt securities

   14,549   —     —      14,549
                

Total held-to-maturity investment securities

  $99,682  $664  $(8,550 $91,796
                

  Amortized
Cost
  Gross
Unrealized
Gains
  Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Fair Value

At August 31, 2009

       

Available-for-Sale Investment Securities(1)

       

Certificated retained interests in DCENT

  $1,065,000  $—    $(44,637 $1,020,363

Credit card asset-backed securities of other issuers

   425,425   26,590   (4  452,011

Asset-backed commercial paper notes

   51,337   —     —      51,337

Equity securities

   15   —     —      15
            

Total available-for-sale investment securities

  $1,541,777  $26,590  $(44,641 $1,523,726
            

Held-to-Maturity Investment Securities(2)

       

U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agency obligations:

       

Residential mortgage-backed securities

  $13,705  $743  $—     $14,448

Other

   500   —     —      500
            

Total U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agency obligations

   14,205   743   —      14,948

Certificated retained interests in DCENT and DCMT

   1,647,783   —     (366,123  1,281,660

States and political subdivisions of states

   68,537   —     (7,388  61,149

Other debt securities

   12,283   —     —      12,283
            

Total held-to-maturity investment securities

  $1,742,808  $743  $(373,511 $1,370,040
            
  Amortized
Cost
  Gross
Unrealized
Gains
  Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Fair Value  Amortized
Cost
  Gross
Unrealized
Gains
  Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Fair Value

At November 30, 2008

              

Available-for-Sale Investment Securities(1)

              

Certificated retained interests in DCENT

  $1,065,000  $—    $(83,258 $981,742  $1,065,000  $—    $(83,258 $981,742

Credit card asset-backed securities of other issuers

   85,843   627   (708  85,762   85,843   627   (708  85,762

Asset-backed commercial paper notes

   59,586   —     —      59,586   59,586   —     —      59,586

Equity securities(2)

   816   —     (787  29

Equity securities

   816   —     (787  29
                        

Total available-for-sale investment securities

  $1,211,245  $627  $(84,753 $1,127,119  $1,211,245  $627  $(84,753 $1,127,119
                        

Held-to-Maturity Investment Securities(3)

       

Held-to-Maturity Investment Securities(2)

       

U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agency obligations:

              

Mortgage-backed securities

  $15,449  $379  $—     $15,828

Residential mortgage-backed securities

  $15,449  $379  $—     $15,828

Other

   1,046   2   —      1,048   1,046   2   —      1,048
                        

Total U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agency obligations

   16,495   381   —      16,876   16,495   381   —      16,876

States and political subdivisions of states

   70,290   93   (17,132  53,251   70,290   93   (17,132  53,251

Other debt securities

   14,040   —     —      14,040   14,040   —     —      14,040
                        

Total held-to-maturity investment securities

  $100,825  $474  $(17,132 $84,167  $100,825  $474  $(17,132 $84,167
                        

 

(1)Available-for-sale investment securities are reported at fair value.
(2)For the six months ended May 31, 2009 and May 31, 2008, the Company recorded other-than-temporary impairments of $0.8 million and $1.2 million respectively, related to an equity investment classified as available-for-sale.
(3)Held-to-maturity investment securities are reported at amortized cost.

Certificated retained interests in Discover Card Execution Note Trust (“DCENT”) included in available-for-sale investment securities are certificated Class B and Class C notes issued by DCENT, which the Company now holds as other retained beneficial interests. For more information on the fair value calculations of these investment securities, see Note 15: Fair Value Disclosures. The changes in the fair value of available-for-sale investment securities are recorded in other comprehensive income, net of tax. During the three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, the Company recorded a $0.2$43.0 million reduction of gross realized losses and $4.4$38.6 million reduction of gross unrealized losses, respectively, and no gross unrealized gains through other comprehensive income on these investment securities. During the three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2008, the Company recorded $2.7$21.6 million and $14.7$36.3 million, respectively, of gross unrealized losses respectively, and no gross unrealized gains through other comprehensive income on these investment securities.

Certificated retained interests in DCENT and Discover Card Master Trust I (“DCMT”) included in held-to-maturity investment securities are certificated Class D notes issued by DCENT and Series 2009-CE certificates issued by DCMT, which the Company now holds as other retained beneficial interests. For more information on these investment securities, see Note 5: Credit Card Securitization Activities. The estimated fair value of these securities is based on the discounted present value of the proceeds to be received at maturity. The difference between the carrying value and the fair value of each security does not represent other-than-temporary impairment because the Company expects to receive the full par value of each security at its maturity date according to its contractual terms. Both of these securities are non-interest bearing and unrated, and the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold them to maturity. In contrast, the retained DCENT Class B and Class C notes are classified as available for sale.

Credit card asset-backed securities of other issuers are investments in third-party credit card asset-backed securities which the Company began purchasing in the fourth quarter of 2008. During the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, the Company recorded $21.1$0.5 million of gross unrealized gains and a $0.8 million reduction tono gross unrealized losses through other comprehensive income on these investment securities. During the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, the Company recorded $25.5$26.0 million of gross unrealized gains and a $0.7 million reduction of gross unrealized losses through other comprehensive income on these investment securities.

At MayAugust 31, 2009, the Company had $8.6$7.4 million of net unrealized losses on its held-to-maturity investment securities in states and political subdivisions of states, compared to $17.0 million of net unrealized losses at November 30, 2008. The Company believes the unrealized loss on these investments is the result of changes in interest rates subsequent to the Company’s acquisitions of these securities and that the reduction in value is temporary. Additionally, the Company expects to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of these securities.

The following table provides information about investment securities with aggregate gross unrealized losses and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of August 31, 2009 and November 30, 2008 (dollars in thousands):

   Less than 12 months  More than 12 months 
   Fair
Value
 Unrealized
Losses
  Fair
Value
 Unrealized
Losses
 

At August 31, 2009

     

Available-for-Sale Investment Securities

     

Certificated retained interests in DCENT

  $—   $—     $1,020,363 $(44,637

Credit card asset-backed securities of other issuers

  $104,389 $(4 $—   $—    

Held-to-Maturity Investment Securities

     

Certificated retained interests in DCENT and DCMT

  $1,281,660 $(366,123 $—   $—    

State and political subdivisions of states

  $9,384 $(216 $50,638 $(7,172

At November 30, 2008

     

Available-for-Sale Investment Securities

     

Certificated retained interests in DCENT

  $705,549 $(44,451 $276,193 $(38,807

Credit card asset-backed securities of other issuers

  $66,192 $(708 $—   $—    

Equity securities

  $—   $—     $29 $(787

Held-to-Maturity Investment Securities

     

State and political subdivisions of states

  $8,715 $(1,285 $33,293 $(15,847

For the three and nine months ended August 31, 2009 and 2008, the loss on investment securities recorded in the consolidated statements of income is comprised solely of other-than-temporary impairments (“OTTI”) on investment securities. The Company determined that all of the OTTI recognized on investment securities was related to credit losses, and thus it was entirely recorded in the consolidated statements of income, with no portion recorded in other comprehensive income. The OTTI recorded in earnings is detailed further in the tables below (dollars in thousands):

  For the Three Months Ended
August 31, 2009
  For the Three Months Ended
August 31, 2008
 
  Asset-
backed
Commercial
Paper(1)
  Equity
Securities
  Held-To-
Maturity
  Total
OTTI
  Asset-
backed
Commercial
Paper(1)
  Equity
Securities
  Held-To-
Maturity
  Total
OTTI
 

Total realized and unrealized OTTI losses

 $(7,422 $—     $—     $(7,422 $(5,317 $—     $(8 $(5,325

Portion of unrealized losses recognized in other comprehensive income (before taxes)

  —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —    
                                

Net impairment losses recognized in earnings

 $(7,422 $—     $—     $(7,422 $(5,317 $—     $(8 $(5,325
                                
  For the Nine Months Ended
August 31, 2009
  For the Nine Months Ended
August 31, 2008
 
  Asset-
backed
Commercial
Paper(1)
  Equity
Securities
  Held-To-
Maturity
  Total
OTTI
  Asset-
backed
Commercial
Paper(1)
  Equity
Securities
  Held-To-
Maturity
  Total
OTTI
 

Total realized and unrealized OTTI losses

 $(8,249 $(801 $(189 $(9,239 $(36,590 $(1,184 $(15 $(37,789

Portion of unrealized losses recognized in other comprehensive income (before taxes)

  —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —    
                                

Net impairment losses recognized in earnings

 $(8,249 $(801 $(189 $(9,239 $(36,590 $(1,184 $(15 $(37,789
                                

(1)For additional information on the Company’s fair value methods related to this investment, see Note 15: Fair Value Disclosures.

Maturities of available-for-sale debt securities and held-to-maturity debt securities at August 31, 2009 are provided in the tables below (dollars in thousands):

   One Year
or
Less
  After One
Year
Through
Five
Years
  After Five
Years
Through
Ten
Years
  After Ten
Years
  Total

Available-for-Sale—Amortized Cost(1)

          

Certificated retained interests in DCENT

  $1,065,000  $—    $—    $—    $1,065,000

Credit card asset-backed securities of other issuers

   203,426   221,999   —     —     425,425

Asset-backed commercial paper notes

   51,337   —     —     —     51,337
                    

Total available-for-sale investment securities

  $1,319,763  $221,999  $—    $—    $1,541,762
                    

Held-to-Maturity—Amortized Cost(2)

          

U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agency obligations:

          

Residential mortgage-backed securities

  $—    $—    $—    $13,705  $13,705

Other

   500   —     —     —     500
                    

Total U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agency obligations

   500   —     —     13,705   14,205

Certificated retained interests in DCENT and DCMT

   712,012   855,524   80,247   —     1,647,783

State and political subdivisions of states

   —     —     14,505   54,032   68,537

Other debt securities

   4,965   114   2,687   4,517   12,283
                    

Total held-to-maturity investment securities

  $717,477  $855,638  $97,439  $72,254  $1,742,808
                    

Available-for-Sale—Fair Values(1)

          

Certificated retained interests in DCENT

  $1,020,363  $—    $—    $—    $1,020,363

Credit card asset-backed securities of other issuers

   205,545   246,466   —     —     452,011

Asset-backed commercial paper notes

   51,337   —     —     —     51,337
                    

Total available-for-sale investment securities

  $1,277,245  $246,466  $—    $—    $1,523,711
                    

Held-to-Maturity—Fair Values(2)

          

U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agency obligations:

          

Residential mortgage-backed securities

  $—    $—    $—    $14,448  $14,448

Other

   500   —     —     —     500
                    

Total U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agency obligations

   500   —     —     14,448   14,948

Certificated retained interests in DCENT and DCMT

   561,564   663,996   56,100   —     1,281,660

State and political subdivisions of states

   —     —     14,255   46,894   61,149

Other debt securities

   4,965   114   2,687   4,517   12,283
                    

Total held-to-maturity investment securities

  $567,029  $664,110  $73,042  $65,859  $1,370,040
                    

(1)Available-for-sale investment securities are reported at fair value.
(2)Held-to-maturity investment securities are reported at amortized cost.

4.Loan Receivables

Loan receivables consist of the following (dollars in thousands):

 

  May 31,
2009
 November 30,
2008
   August 31,
2009
 November 30,
2008
 

Credit card loans:

      

Discover Card(1)

  $24,858,933   $23,348,134    $22,290,549   $23,348,134  

Discover Business Card

   453,831    466,173     431,054    466,173  
              

Total credit card loans

   25,312,764    23,814,307     22,721,603    23,814,307  

Other consumer loans:

      

Personal loans

   1,241,465    1,028,093     1,279,162    1,028,093  

Student loans

   816,177    299,929     1,419,513    299,929  

Other

   71,108    74,282     69,531    74,282  
              

Total other consumer loans

   2,128,750    1,402,304     2,768,206    1,402,304  
              

Total loan receivables

   27,441,514    25,216,611     25,489,809    25,216,611  

Allowance for loan losses

   (1,986,473  (1,374,585   (1,832,360  (1,374,585
              

Net loan receivables

  $25,455,041   $23,842,026    $23,657,449   $23,842,026  
              

 

(1)Amount includes $15.1$12.5 billion and $14.8 billion of the Company’s seller’s interest in credit card securitizations at MayAugust 31, 2009 and November 30, 2008, respectively. See Note 5: Credit Card Securitization Activities for further information.

ActivityThe following table provides changes in the Company’s allowance for loan losses is as followsby loan type for the three and nine months ended August 31, 2009 and August 31, 2008 (dollars in thousands):

 

   For the Three Months Ended
May 31,
  For the Six Months Ended
May 31,
 
           2009                  2008          2009  2008 

Balance at beginning of period

  $1,878,942   $860,378   $1,374,585   $759,925  

Additions:

     

Provision for loan losses

   643,861    210,969    1,581,674    516,601  

Deductions:

     

Charge-offs

   (588,920  (269,013  (1,070,199  (514,641

Recoveries

   52,590    44,441    100,413    84,890  
                 

Net charge-offs

   (536,330  (224,572  (969,786  (429,751
                 

Balance at end of period

  $1,986,473   $846,775   $1,986,473   $846,775  
                 
   For the Three Months Ended
August 31,
  For the Nine Months Ended
August 31,
 
   2009  2008  2009  2008 

Balance at beginning of period

  $1,986,473   $846,775   $1,374,585   $759,925  

Provision for loan losses:

     

Credit card loans

   354,408    348,310    1,877,327    841,553  

Other consumer loans

   26,591    16,528    85,346    39,886  
                 

Total provision for loan losses

   380,999    364,838    1,962,673    881,439  

Charge-offs:

     

Credit card loans

   (559,672  (290,108  (1,604,491  (803,951

Other consumer loans

   (21,179  (2,287  (46,559  (3,085
                 

Total charge-offs

   (580,851  (292,395  (1,651,050  (807,036

Recoveries:

     

Credit card loans

   45,486    40,420    145,503    125,032  

Other consumer loans

   253    131    649    409  
                 

Total recoveries

   45,739    40,551    146,152    125,441  
                 

Net charge-offs

   (535,112  (251,844  (1,504,898  (681,595
                 

Balance at end of period

  $1,832,360   $959,769   $1,832,360   $959,769  
                 

Information regarding net charge-offs of interest and fee revenues on credit card loans is as follows (dollars in thousands):

 

   For the Three Months Ended
May 31,
  For the Six Months Ended
May 31,
           2009                  2008                  2009                  2008        

Interest accrued subsequently charged off, net of recoveries (recorded as a reduction of interest income)

  $137,561  $62,153  $248,941  $119,126

Loan fees accrued subsequently charged off, net of recoveries (recorded as a reduction to other income)

  $49,694  $26,916  $90,848  $50,985

   For the Three Months Ended
August 31,
  For the Nine Months Ended
August 31,
   2009  2008  2009  2008

Interest accrued subsequently charged off, net of recoveries

(recorded as a reduction of interest income)

  $114,828  $63,544  $363,769  $182,670

Loan fees accrued subsequently charged off, net of recoveries

(recorded as a reduction to other income)

  $43,730  $27,441  $134,578  $78,426

Information regarding loan receivables that are over 90 days delinquent and accruing interest and loan receivables that are not accruing interest is as follows (dollars in thousands):

 

  May 31,
2009
  November 30,
2008
  August 31,
2009
  November 30,
2008

Loans over 90 days delinquent and accruing interest

  $569,766  $444,324  $524,875  $444,324

Loans not accruing interest

  $274,000  $173,123  $218,543  $173,123

 

5.Credit Card Securitization Activities

The Company has accessed the term asset securitization market through the Discover Card Master Trust IDCMT and, beginning July 26, 2007, DCENT, into which credit card loan receivables generated in the U.S. Card segment are transferred (or, in the case of DCENT, into which beneficial interests in DCMT are transferred) and from which beneficial interests are issued to investors. The Company continues to own and service the accounts that generate the transferred loan receivables. The Discover Card Master Trust IDCMT debt structure consists of Class A, triple-A rated certificates and Class B, single-A rated certificates held by third parties, with creditparties. Credit enhancement is provided by the subordinated Class B certificates, and a cash collateral account.account, and beginning July 2009, a more subordinated Series 2009-CE certificate that is retained by the Company. DCENT includes up toconsists of four classes of securities sold to investors,(Class A, B, C and D), with the most senior class generally receiving a triple-A rating. In this structure, in order to issue senior, higher rated classes of notes, it is necessary to obtain the appropriate amount of credit enhancement, generally through the issuance of junior, lower rated or more highly subordinated classes of notes. These trusts are not subsidiaries of the Company and, as such, are excluded from the consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. The Company’s securitization activities generally qualify as sales under GAAP and accordingly are not treated as secured financing transactions. As such, credit card loan receivables equal to the amount of the investors’ interests in transferred loan receivables are currently removed from the consolidated statements of financial condition. However, as described in Note 1: Background and Basis of Presentation, pursuant to Statements No. 166 and 167, the transferred loan receivables will be consolidated in the Company’s financial statements effective December 1, 2009.

In the first half of 2009, substantially all of the securities issued by the trusts were placed on negative ratings watch by the rating agencies. To address these ratings watches, in July 2009 two new subordinated classes of securities, Series 2009-CE certificates and Class D notes, were issued by DCMT and DCENT, respectively. The issuance of Series 2009-CE certificates from DCMT provides credit enhancement to all outstanding series of DCMT other than Series 2007-CC which supports the DCENT notes. The issuance of Class D notes from DCENT provides enhancement to the more senior outstanding Class A, B and C notes of DCENT. The initial issuances of Series 2009-CE certificates and Class D notes were $1.0 billion and $0.7 billion for DCMT and DCENT, respectively, and outstanding amounts are expected to fluctuate as the related outstanding series of DCMT mature and with the maturity and new issuances of more senior DCENT notes. Similar to all prior issuances by the trusts, these new securities are certificated. However, they are not rated, were acquired by a wholly-owned subsidiary of Discover Bank and are recorded at amortized cost as held-to-maturity investment securities on the consolidated statements of financial condition. The Company was not contractually required to provide this incremental level of credit enhancement but was permitted to do so in the transaction documents governing DCMT and DCENT.

In addition, the trusts began allocating merchant discount and interchange revenue to certain series issued by DCMT that prior to July 2009 did not receive an allocation of this revenue, resulting in all outstanding series of DCMT and DCENT receiving an allocation of merchant discount and interchange revenue beginning July 31, 2009. For further information concerning the actions taken by the Company in July 2009, see the Form 8-K filed by the Company on June 17, 2009.

The Company’s retained interests in credit card asset securitizations include an undivided seller’s interest, certain subordinated tranches of notes and certificates, accrued interest receivable on securitized credit card loan receivables, cash collateral accounts, servicing rights, the interest-only strip receivable and other retained interests. The Company’s undivided seller’s interest, which generally ranks pari passu with investors’ interests in the securitization trusts, is not represented by a security certificatescertificate and accordingly, is reported in loan receivables. The Company’s undivided seller’s interest rankspari passu with investors’remaining retained interests in the securitization trusts. The remaining retained interestscredit card asset securitizations are subordinate to certain investors’ interests and, as such, may not be realized by the Company if needed to absorb deficiencies in cash flows that are allocated to the investors of the trusts. Subordinated retainedRetained interests represented by a security are recorded inclassified as available-for-sale investment securities are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, with changes in the fair value estimates recorded in other comprehensive income, net of tax. Retained interests classified as held-to-maturity investment securities are carried at amortized cost. All other subordinated retained interests in credit card asset securitizations are recorded in amounts due from asset securitization at amounts that approximate fair value. Changes in the fair value estimates of these other subordinated retained interests are recorded in securitization income. For more information on the fair value calculations of these retained interests, see Note 15: Fair Value Disclosures.

In addition to changes in certain fair value estimates, securitization income also includes annual servicing fees received by the Company and excess servicing income earned on the transferred loan receivables from which beneficial interests have been issued. Annual servicing fees are based on a percentage of the monthly investor principal balance outstanding and approximate adequate compensation to the Company for performing the servicing. Accordingly, the Company does not recognize servicing assets or servicing liabilities for these servicing rights. Failure to service the transferred loan receivables in accordance with contractual requirements may lead to a termination of the servicing rights and the loss of future servicing fees.

The following table summarizes the carrying value of the Company’s retained interests in credit card securitizations (dollars in thousands):

 

  May 31,
2009
  November 30,
2008
  August 31,
2009
  November 30,
2008

Available-for-sale investment securities

  $977,357  $981,742  $1,020,363  $981,742

Held-to-maturity investment securities

   1,647,783   —  

Loan receivables (seller’s interest)(1)

   15,134,552   14,831,938   12,509,052   14,831,938

Amounts due from asset securitization:

        

Cash collateral accounts(2)

   959,123   1,121,447   913,052   1,121,447

Accrued interest receivable

   425,278   473,694   508,276   473,694

Interest-only strip receivable

   94,670   300,120   162,252   300,120

Other subordinated retained interests

   275,814   315,823   340,959   315,823

Other

   12,660   22,516   12,244   22,516
            

Amounts due from asset securitization

   1,767,545   2,233,600   1,936,783   2,233,600
            

Total retained interests

  $17,879,454  $18,047,280  $17,113,981  $18,047,280
            

 

(1)Loan receivables net of allowance for loan losses were $11.6 billion and $14.0 billion at MayAugust 31, 2009 and November 30, 2008.2008, respectively.
(2)$0.9 billion and $1.0 billion at MayAugust 31, 2009 and November 30, 2008, respectively, are pledged as security against a long-term borrowing. See Note 8: Long-Term Borrowings.

The Company’s retained interests are subject to credit, payment and interest rate risks on the transferred credit card loan receivables. To protect investors, the securitization structures include certain features that could result in earlier-than-expected repayment of the securities, which could cause the Company to sustain a loss of one or more of its retained interests and could prompt the need for the Company to seek alternative sources of funding. The primary investor protection feature relates to the availability and adequacy of cash flows in the securitized pool of receivables to meet contractual requirements, the insufficiency of which triggers early repayment of the securities. The Company refers to this as the “economic early amortization” feature. Investors are allocated cash flows derived from activities related to the accounts comprising the securitized pool of receivables, the amounts of which reflect finance charges billed, certain fee assessments, allocations of merchant discount and interchange, and recoveries on charged off accounts. From these cash flows, investors are reimbursed for charge-offs occurring within the securitized pool of receivables and receive a contractual rate of return and the Company is paid a servicing fee as servicer. Any cash flows remaining in excess of these requirements are paid to the Company and recorded as excess spread, included in securitization income on the Company’s consolidated statements of income. An excess spread of less than 0% for a contractually specified period, generally a three month average, would trigger an economic early amortization event. Once the excess spread falls below 0%, the receivables that would have been subsequently purchased by the trust from the Company will instead continue to be recognized on the Company’s statement of financial condition since the cash flows generated in the trust would be used to repay principal to investors. Such an event could result in the Company incurring losses related to its subordinated retained interests, including amounts reported in investment securities, which includes the newly issued subordinated classes of securities, and amounts due from asset securitization and available-for-sale investment securities.securitization. The investors and the securitization trusts have no recourse to the Company’s other assets for a shortage in cash flows.

Another feature, which is applicable only to the notes issued from DCENT, is one in which excess cash flows generated by the transferred loan receivables are held at the trust for the benefit of the investors, rather than paid to the Company. This reserve account funding requirement is triggered when DCENT’s three month average excess spread rate decreases to below 4.50% with increasing funding requirements as excess spread levels decline below preset levels to 0%. Funding of the reserve account occurs on the trust distribution date in the month following the performance trigger. Similar to economic early amortization, this feature also is designed to protect the investors’ interests from loss. As a result of the decline in DCENT’s three month average excess spread to 4.01% in July 2009, the reserve account was funded on the trust distribution date in August for $56.8 million with the excess cash that would have been paid to the Company. This amount remained in the reserve account as of August 31, 2009, and is included in amounts due from asset securitization on the consolidated financial statements. As DCENT’s three month average excess spread subsequently increased to over the 4.50% threshold, this amount was released to the Company on the trust distribution date in September. This was the first time the reserve account funding requirement was triggered.

In addition to performance measures associated with the transferred credit card loan receivables, there are other events or conditions which could trigger an early amortization event. As of MayAugust 31, 2009, no economic or other early amortization events have occurred. In addition, excess spread rates have been in excess of levels which would require excess cash flows to be held at the trust and not paid to the Company.

The table below provides information concerning investors’ interests and related excess spreads at MayAugust 31, 2009 (dollars in thousands):

 

   Investors’
Interests
  # of Series
Outstanding
  3-Month
Rolling
Average
Excess
Spread
 

Interchange series(1)

  $11,915,795  14  6.00

Non-interchange series(2)

   2,789,475  3  2.94
         

Discover Card Master Trust I

   14,705,270  17  

Discover Card Execution Note Trust(1)

   8,615,000  20  4.65
         

Total Company

  $23,320,270  37  
         
   Investors’ Interests  # of Series
Outstanding
  3-Month
Rolling
Average
Excess
Spread
 

DCMT series(1)

  $15,070,431  17  

DCENT (DiscoverSeries notes)

   10,016,043  22  5.27
         

Total investors’ interests(1)

  $25,086,474  39  5.37
         

 

(1)Discover Card Master Trust IEffective July 31, 2009, all DCMT certificates issued on or after November 4, 2004 and all notes issued by DCENT include cash flows derived from merchant discount and interchange revenue earned by Discover Bank.
(2)Card. The non-interchange series are not part of DCENT and are therefore not subject to the 4.50%three-month rolling average excess spread trigger that requires cashfor the Interchange Subgroup as reported on DCMT’s Form 10-D for August 31, 2009 was 6.44%. The Group One three-month rolling average excess spread reported on DCMT’s Form 10-D for August 31, 2009 was lower at 5.37% as it reflected only two months of discount and interchange revenue allocations (as compared to be held atthree months). Beginning September 30, 2009, the trust.three-month rolling average excess spreads for the Interchange Subgroup and Group One are the same.

During the three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, the Company recognizedrecorded net revaluation gains of $68.9 million and net revaluation losses on subordinated retained interests, principally the interest-only strip receivable, of $93.0 million and $191.2$122.3 million, respectively, in securitization income in the consolidated statements of income. During both periods, these net revaluation losseswhich included $1.0 million of initial gains on new securitizationssecuritization transactions of $7.9 million and $8.8 million, respectively, net of issuance discounts, as applicable. For the three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2008, the Company recorded net revaluation losses of $44.5$33.5 million and net revaluation gains of $30.5$3.0 million, respectively, which included initial gains on new securitization transactions of $9.8 million and $71.9 million, respectively, net of issuance discounts, as applicable, of $25.3 million and $62.1 million, respectively.applicable.

The following table summarizes certain cash flow information related to the securitized pool of loan receivables (dollars in millions):

 

  For the Three Months
Ended May 31,
  For the Six Months
Ended May 31,
  For the Three Months
Ended August 31,
  For the Nine Months
Ended August 31,
  2009  2008  2009  2008  2009  2008  2009  2008

Proceeds from third-party investors in new credit card securitizations

  $750  $1,846  $750  $4,395  $1,496  $1,167  $2,246  $5,562

Proceeds from collections reinvested in previous credit card securitizations

  $11,579  $14,297  $21,605  $28,436  $11,964  $15,523  $33,569  $43,959

Contractual servicing fees received

  $113  $138  $237  $275  $121  $139  $358  $414

Cash flows received from retained interests

  $364  $737  $997  $1,456  $352  $639  $1,349  $2,095

Purchases of previously transferred credit card loan receivables (securitization maturities)

  $—    $1,151  $2,989  $4,967  $1,382  $35  $4,371  $5,002

Key estimates used in measuring the fair value of the interest-only strip receivable at the date of securitization that resulted from credit card securitizations completed during the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009 and 2008 were as follows:

 

  For the Six Months Ended
May 31,
  For the Nine Months Ended
August 31,
  2009 

2008

  2009 2008

Weighted average life (in months)

  1.8   4.3 – 5.1  1.8 –  4.8 3.0 – 5.1

Payment rate (rate per month)

  17.18 19.60% – 19.80%  17.18% - 17.66% 18.85% – 19.80%

Principal charge-offs (rate per annum)

  9.66 5.10% – 5.42%  9.66% - 9.81% 5.10% – 5.65%

Discount rate (rate per annum)

  16.00 12.00%  16.00% 12.00%

Key estimates and the sensitivitysensitivities of the reported fair valuevalues of the interest-only strip receivablecertain retained interests to immediate 10% and 20% adverse changes in those estimates were as follows (dollars in millions):

 

  May 31,
2009
 November 30,
2008
   August 31,
2009
 November 30,
2008
 

Interest-only receivable strip (carrying amount/fair value)

  $95   $300    $162   $300  

Weighted average life (in months)

   4.7    4.6     4.2    4.6  

Weighted average payment rate (rate per month)

   17.18  18.52   18.14  18.52

Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change

  $(4 $(21  $(5 $(21

Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change

  $(8 $(39  $(10 $(39

Weighted average principal charge-offs (rate per annum)

   9.66  6.83

Weighted average principal charge-off rate (rate per annum)

   9.79  6.83

Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change

  $(51 $(55  $(55 $(55

Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change

  $(86 $(110  $(100 $(110

Weighted average discount rate (rate per annum)

   16.00  12.50   17.00  12.50

Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change

  $(1 $(1  $(1 $(1

Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change

  $(2 $(3  $(2 $(3

Cash collateral accounts (carrying amount/fair value)

  $959   $1,121    $913   $1,121  

Weighted average discount rate (rate per annum)

   2.12  2.59   2.28  2.59

Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change

  $(4 $(7  $(4 $(7

Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change

  $(9 $(13  $(8 $(13

Certificated retained beneficial interests (carrying amount/fair value)

  $977   $982  

Certificated retained beneficial interests reported as available-for-sale investment securities (carrying amount/fair value)

  $1,020   $982  

Weighted average discount rate (rate per annum)

   13.09  10.29   10.11  10.29

Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change

  $(12 $(13  $(7 $(13

Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change

  $(23 $(25  $(14 $(25

The sensitivity analyses of the interest-only strip receivable, cash collateral accounts and certificated retained beneficial interests are hypothetical and should be used with caution. Changes in fair value based on a 10% or 20% variation in an estimate generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in the estimate to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, the effect of a variation in a particular estimate on the fair value of the interest-only strip receivable, specifically, is calculated independent of changes in any other estimate; in practice, changes in one factor may result in changes in another (for example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower payments and increased charge-offs), which might magnify or counteract the sensitivities. In addition, the sensitivity analyses do not consider any action that the Company may take to mitigate the impact of any adverse changes in the key estimates.

The tabletables below presentspresent quantitative information about total and average amounts outstanding, delinquencies, and net principal charge-offs associated withand components of managed credit card loan receivables that are managed by the Company (managed loans), that have been derecognized (securitized loans) and that continue to be recognized in the Company’s statements of financial position (owned loans) as required by FASB Statement of Financial Account Standards No. 140,Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities,as amendedloans, including securitized loans (dollars in millions):

 

  May 31,
2009
  November 30,
2008
  August 31,
2009
  November 30,
2008

Loans Outstanding:

        

Managed credit card loans

  $48,904  $49,693  $48,136  $49,693

Less: Securitized credit card loans

   23,591   25,879   25,414   25,879
            

Owned credit card loans

  $25,313  $23,814  $22,722  $23,814
            

Loans Over 30 Days Delinquent:

        

Managed credit card loans

  $2,559  $2,317  $2,557  $2,317

Less: Securitized credit card loans

   1,256   1,234   1,361   1,234
            

Owned credit card loans

  $1,303  $1,083  $1,196  $1,083
            

  For the Three Months Ended
May 31,
  For the Six Months Ended
May 31,
  For the Three Months Ended
August 31,
  For the Nine Months Ended
August 31,
          2009                  2008              2009          2008              2009                  2008              2009          2008    

Average Loans:

                

Managed credit card loans

  $49,108  $46,857  $49,675  $47,668  $48,642  $48,168  $49,328  $47,835

Less: Securitized credit card loans

   22,875   27,581   23,503   27,461   24,591   27,965   23,868   27,630
                        

Owned credit card loans

  $26,233  $19,276  $26,172  $20,207  $24,051  $20,203  $25,460  $20,205
                        

Net Principal Charge-offs:

                

Managed credit card loans

  $988  $595  $1,808  $1,121  $1,058  $639  $2,866  $1,760

Less: Securitized credit card loans

   467   371   863   692   544   389   1,407   1,081
                        

Owned credit card loans

  $521  $224  $945  $429  $514  $250  $1,459  $679
                        

 

6.Deposits

The Company’s deposits consist of brokeredare obtained through two channels: (i) products offered directly to consumers through direct mail, internet origination and direct-to-consumeraffinity relationships, including certificates of deposit, deposit products offered through affinity relationships, money market deposit accounts and deposits payable upon demand. Brokeredonline savings accounts; and (ii) brokered certificates of deposit which are issued and distributed through several wealth managementsecurities brokerage firms, one of which is Morgan Stanley. These wealth management firms distribute certificates of deposit both throughto their own clients and other wealth management firms and brokers known as a “selling group.” As of MayAugust 31, 2009, the Company had issued approximately $10 billion of deposit products through direct-to-consumer channels and affinity relationships and approximately $19 billion through brokered channels. As of August 31, 2009 and November 30, 2008, $9.4$8.7 billion and $11.7 billion, respectively, of the Company’s certificates of deposit had been distributed through Morgan Stanley and its selling group.

A summary of interest-bearing deposit accounts is as follows (dollars in thousands):

 

  May 31,
2009
 November 30,
2008
   August 31,
2009
 November 30,
2008
 

Certificates of deposit in amounts less than $100,000(1)

  $22,568,632   $22,083,962    $22,096,073   $22,083,962  

Certificates of deposit in amounts of $100,000(1) or greater

   2,483,863    1,808,320     3,135,241    1,808,320  

Savings deposits, including money market deposit accounts

   4,033,399    4,559,864     4,237,745    4,559,864  
              

Total interest-bearing deposits

  $29,085,894   $28,452,146    $29,469,059   $28,452,146  
              

Average annual interest rate

   4.22  4.67   4.04  4.67

 

(1)Represents the basic insurance amount covered by the FDIC. Effective May 20, 2009, thea standard insurance amount of $250,000 per depositor is in effect through December 31, 2013.

At MayAugust 31, 2009, certificates of deposit maturing over the next five years and thereafter were as follows (dollars in thousands):

 

Year

  Amount  Amount

2009

  $3,657,492  $1,631,325

2010

  $6,883,798  $8,061,038

2011

  $4,564,097  $4,951,888

2012

  $3,936,960  $4,188,584

2013

  $3,750,734  $3,860,953

Thereafter

  $2,259,414  $2,537,526

7.Short-Term Borrowings

Short-term borrowings consist of term and overnight Federal Funds purchased and other short-term borrowings with original maturities less than one year. The following table identifies the balances and weighted average interest rates on short-term borrowings outstanding at period end (dollars in thousands):

 

   May 31, 2009  November 30, 2008 
   Amount  Weighted Average
Interest Rate
  Amount  Weighted Average
Interest Rate
 

Other short-term borrowings(1)

  $500,000  0.25 $500,000  0.60
   August 31, 2009  November 30, 2008 
   Amount  Weighted Average
Interest Rate
  Amount  Weighted Average
Interest Rate
 

Other short-term borrowings(1)

  $—    —    $500,000  0.60

 

(1)Other short-term borrowings consist of amounts borrowed under the Federal Reserve’s Term Auction Facility. The Company was required to pledge $0.8 billion and $0.7 billion of loan receivables against this borrowing as of May 31, 2009 and November 30, 2008, respectively.2008.

 

8.Long-Term Borrowings

Long-term borrowings consist of borrowings and capital leases having original maturities of one year or more. The following table provides a summary of the outstanding amounts and general terms of the Company’s long-term borrowings (dollars in thousands):

 

 May 31, 2009 November 30, 2008 

Interest Rate

Terms

 Maturity  August 31, 2009 November 30, 2008 

Interest Rate

Terms

 Maturity

Funding source

 Outstanding Interest
Rate
 Outstanding Interest
Rate
  Outstanding Interest
Rate
 Outstanding Interest
Rate
 

Bank notes

 $—   —     $249,977 2.54 

3-month LIBOR(1)

+ 15 basis points

 February 2009   $—   —     $249,977 2.54 

3-month LIBOR(1)

+ 15 basis points

 February 2009

Secured borrowings

  624,737 1.02  682,456 3.05 

Commercial
paper rate

+ 50 basis points

 December 2010(2)   593,158 0.86  682,456 3.05 

Commercial
paper rate

+ 50 basis points

 December 2010(2)

Unsecured borrowings:

            

Floating rate senior notes

  400,000 1.86  400,000 3.35 

3-month LIBOR

+ 53 basis points

 June 2010    400,000 1.17  400,000 3.35 

3-month LIBOR(1)

+ 53 basis points

 June 2010

Fixed rate senior notes

  399,345 6.45  399,304 6.45 6.45% fixed June 2017  

Fixed rate senior notes due 2017

  399,365 6.45  399,304 6.45 6.45% fixed June 2017

Fixed rate senior notes due 2019(3)

  400,000 10.25  —   —     10.25% fixed July 2019
                

Total unsecured borrowings

  799,345   799,304     1,199,365   799,304   

Capital lease obligations

  2,961 6.26  3,646 6.26 6.26% fixed Various    2,611 6.26  3,646 6.26 6.26% fixed Various
                

Total long-term borrowings

 $1,427,043  $1,735,383    $1,795,134  $1,735,383   
                

 

(1)London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”).
(2)Repayment is dependent upon the available balances of the cash collateral accounts at the various maturities of underlying securitization transactions, with final maturity in December 2010.
(3)Issued on July 15, 2009.

The Company has entered into an unsecured credit agreement that is effective through May 2012. The agreement provides for a revolving credit commitment of up to $2.4 billion (of which the Company may borrow up to 30% and Discover Bank may borrow up to 100% of the total commitment). As of MayAugust 31, 2009, the Company had no outstanding balances due under the facility. The credit agreement provides for a commitment fee on the unused portion of the facility, which can range from 0.07% to 0.175% depending on the index debt ratings. Loans outstanding under the credit facility bear interest at a margin above the Federal Funds rate, LIBOR, the EURIBOR or the Euro Reference rate. The terms of the credit agreement include various affirmative

and negative covenants, including financial covenants related to the maintenance of certain capitalization and tangible net worth levels, and certain double leverage, delinquency and Tier 1 capital to managed loans ratios. The credit agreement also includes customary events of default with corresponding grace periods, including, without limitation, payment defaults, cross-defaults to other agreements evidencing indebtedness for borrowed money and bankruptcy-related defaults. The commitment may be terminated upon an event of default.

9.Common and Preferred Stock

During the three months ended August 31, 2009, the Company raised approximately $534 million in capital through the issuance of 60,054,055 shares of common stock, par value of $0.01, at a price of $9.25 per share ($8.89 per share net of underwriter discounts and commissions). This included 6,000,000 shares sold pursuant to the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters.

On March 13, 2009, the Company issued and sold to the United States Department of the Treasury (the “U.S. Treasury”) under the U.S. Treasury’s Capital Purchase Program (“CPP”) (i) 1,224,558 shares of the Company’s Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A (the “senior preferred stock”) and (ii) a ten-year warrant to purchase 20,500,413 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $1.225 billion. The senior preferred stock, which qualifies as Tier 1 capital, has a per share liquidation preference of $1,000, and pays a cumulative dividend rate of 5% per year for the first five years and a rate of 9% per year beginning May 15, 2014. The warrant has a 10-year term and was immediately exercisable upon issuance, with an exercise price, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, equal to $8.96 per share of common stock. Of the aggregate amount of $1.225 billion received, approximately $1.15 billion was attributable to preferred stock and approximately $75 million was attributable to the warrant based on the relative fair values of these instruments on the date of issuance.

As the senior preferred stock was initially valued at $1.15 billion, the difference between the initial value and the par value of the stock will be accreted over a period of five years through a reduction to retained earnings on an effective yield basis. While this accretion willdoes not impact net income, it, along with the dividends, will reducereduces the amount of net income available to common stockholders, and thus will reducereduces both basic and diluted earnings per share.

The senior preferred stock is generally non-voting, other than class voting rights on certain matters that could amendadversely affect the rightsright of or adversely affectthe holders of the stock. The senior preferred stock terms provide that the stock may not be redeemed, as opposed to repurchased, prior to May 15, 2012 unless the Company has received aggregate gross proceeds from one or more qualified equity offerings (as described below) of at least $306 million. In such a case, the Company may redeem the senior preferred stock, in whole or in part, subject to the approval of the Federal Reserve, upon notice, up to a maximum amount equal to the aggregate net cash proceeds received by the Company from such qualified equity offerings. A “qualified equity offering” is a sale and issuance for cash by the Company, to persons other than the Company or its subsidiaries after March 13, 2009, of shares of perpetual preferred stock, common stock or a combination thereof, that in each case qualify as Tier 1 capital at the time of issuance under the applicable risk-based capital guidelines of the Federal Reserve. On or after May 15, 2012, the senior preferred stock may be redeemed by the Company at any time, in whole or in part, subject to the approval of the Federal Reserve and notice requirements.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, pursuant to a letter agreement between the Company and the U.S. Treasury, the Company is permitted, after obtaining the approval of the Federal Reserve, to repay the senior preferred stock at any time, and when such senior preferred stock is repaid, the U.S. Treasury is required to liquidate the warrant, all in accordance with The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, as it may be amended from time to time, and any rules and regulations thereunder. The U.S. Treasury may transfer the senior preferred stock to a third party at any time. The U.S. Treasury may only transfer or exercise an aggregate of one half of the shares of common stock underlying the warrant prior to the earlier of the redemption of all of the shares of senior preferred stock andor December 31, 2009.

Participation in the CPP restricts the Company’s ability to increase dividends on its common stock above historical levels ($0.06 per share) or to repurchase its common stock until three years have elapsed, unless (i) all of the senior preferred stock issued to the U.S Treasury is redeemed, (ii) all of the senior preferred stock issued to the U.S Treasury has been transferred to third parties, or (iii) the Company receives the consent of the U.S. Treasury. Participation in the CPP has required the Company to adopt the U.S. Treasury’s standards for executive compensation and corporate governance for the period during which the U.S. Treasury holds equity issued under the CPP.

10.Employee Benefit Plans

The Company sponsors defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans for its eligible U.S. employees; however, in October 2008, the Company announced to its employees the discontinuation of the accrual of future benefits in its defined benefit pension plans effective December 31, 2008. For more information, see the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2008.

Net periodic benefit (income) cost recorded by the Company included the following components (dollars in thousands):

 

  Pension   Pension 
  For the Three Months Ended
May 31,
 For the Six Months Ended
May 31,
   For the Three Months Ended
August 31,
   For the Nine Months Ended
August 31,
 
          2009                 2008                 2009                 2008               2009           2008           2009           2008     

Service cost, benefits earned during the period

  $255   $4,206   $510   $8,412    $255    $4,206    $765    $12,618  

Interest cost on projected benefit obligation

   5,047    4,998    10,094    9,996     5,047     4,998     15,141     14,994  

Expected return on plan assets

   (6,027  (6,009  (12,054  (12,018   (6,027   (6,009   (18,081   (18,027

Net amortization

   (2  (560  (4  (1,120   (2   (560   (6   (1,680
                             

Net periodic benefit (income) cost

  $(727 $2,635   $(1,454 $5,270    $(727  $2,635    $(2,181  $7,905  
                             
  Postretirement   Postretirement 
  For the Three Months Ended
May 31,
 For the Six Months Ended
May 31,
   For the Three Months Ended
August 31,
   For the Nine Months Ended
August 31,
 
  2009 2008 2009 2008   2009   2008   2009   2008 

Service cost, benefits earned during the period

  $194   $269   $388   $538    $194    $269    $582    $807  

Interest cost on projected benefit obligation

   394    361    788    722     394     361     1,182     1,083  

Net amortization

   (38  (116  (76  (232   (38   (116   (114   (348
                             

Net periodic benefit cost

  $550   $514   $1,100   $1,028    $550    $514    $1,650    $1,542  
                             

On December 1, 2008, the Company adopted the measurement date provision of FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158,Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and 132(R), resulting in a $1.8 million pretax reduction of retained earnings ($1.1 million after tax).

11.Income Taxes

Income tax expense on income from continuing operations consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

 

   For the Three Months Ended
May 31,
  For the Six Months Ended
May 31,
 
         2009              2008              2009              2008       

Current:

     

U.S. federal

  $211,017   $161,997   $452,273   $289,697  

U.S. state and local

   23,116    19,622    53,347    41,374  

International

   843    9    1,818    4  
                 

Total

   234,976    181,628    507,438    331,075  

Deferred:

     

U.S. federal

   (42,932  (51,661  (220,951  (49,414

U.S. state and local

   (3,234  (5,597  (21,978  (5,190
                 

Total

   (46,166  (57,258  (242,929  (54,604
                 

Income tax expense

  $188,810   $124,370   $264,509   $276,471  
                 

   For the Three Months Ended
August 31,
   For the Nine Months Ended
August 31,
 
         2009              2008               2009               2008       

Current:

        

U.S. federal

  $201,615  $155,222    $653,888    $444,919  

U.S. state and local

   41,736   3,235     95,083     44,609  

International

   665   395     2,483     399  
                   

Total

   244,016   158,852     751,454     489,927  

Deferred:

        

U.S. federal

   109,028   (59,012   (111,923   (108,426

U.S. state and local

   9,441   (4,955   (12,537   (10,145
                   

Total

   118,469   (63,967   (124,460   (118,571
                   

Income tax expense

  $362,485  $94,885    $626,994    $371,356  
                   

The following table reconciles the Company’s effective tax rate on income from continuing operations to the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate:

 

   For the Three Months Ended
May 31,
  For the Six Months Ended
May 31,
 
         2009        ��     2008              2009              2008       

U.S. federal statutory income tax rate

  35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0

U.S. state and local income taxes and other, net of U.S. federal income tax benefits

  3.0   3.1   3.3   3.1  

Valuation allowance—capital loss

  5.7   —     3.9   —    

Nondeductible compensation

  1.9   —     1.3   —    

Other

  (0.1 0.1   (0.2 0.5  
             

Effective income tax rate

  45.5 38.2 43.3 38.6
             

   For the Three Months Ended
August 31,
  For the Nine Months Ended
August 31,
 
   2009  2008  2009  2008 

U.S. federal statutory income tax rate

  35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0

U.S. state and local income taxes and other, net of U.S. federal income tax benefits

  3.5   3.4   3.4   3.2  

State examinations and settlements

  —     (3.9 —     (1.1

Valuation allowance—capital loss

  —     —     1.5   —    

Nondeductible compensation

  0.1   —     0.5   —    

Other

  —     0.2   —     0.4  
             

Effective income tax rate

  38.6 34.7 40.4 37.5
             

As of MayAugust 31, 2009, the Company had a $63.4 million capital loss carryforward for U.S. federal income tax purposes with a tax benefit of $22.2 million that expires in 2013 and capital loss carryforwards for state purposes with a tax benefit of $1.5 million that expire from 2013-2023. These deferred tax assets were created in connection with the sale of the Goldfish business in March 2008. In the second quarter of 2009, the Company decided not to pursue actions at any time during the carryforward periods that would allow it to realize the benefits of substantially all the federal and state capital losses. As a result, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance against these deferred tax assets during the period.second quarter 2009.

12.Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the assumed conversion of all dilutive securities.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS (dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts):

 

  For the Three Months Ended
May 31,
  For the Six Months Ended
May 31,
   For the Three Months Ended
August 31,
  For the Nine Months Ended
August 31,
 
        2009             2008              2009             2008         2009   2008  2009   2008 

Numerator:

        

Income from continuing operations

  $225,800   $201,543  $346,194   $440,372    $577,454    $178,900  $923,648    $619,272  

Preferred stock dividends

   (13,266  —     (13,266  —       (15,307   —     (28,573   —    

Preferred stock accretion

   (3,288  —     (3,288  —       (2,760   —     (6,048   —    
                            

Income from continuing operations available to common stockholders

   209,246    201,543   329,640    440,372     559,387     178,900   889,027     619,272  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

   —      32,605   —      (125,010   —       1,153   —       (123,857
                            

Net income available to common stockholders

  $209,246   $234,148  $329,640   $315,362    $559,387    $180,053  $889,027    $495,415  
                            

Denominator:

              

Weighted average common shares outstanding

   481,636    479,270   481,092    478,896  

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding

   513,098     479,618   491,839     479,138  

Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock units

   3,329    4,483   3,906    3,839     3,529     4,510   3,745     4,187  

Effect of dilutive stock warrant

   3,952     —     920     —    
                            

Weighted average common shares outstanding and common stock equivalents

   484,965    483,753   484,998    482,735  

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding and common stock equivalents

   520,579     484,128   496,504     483,325  
                            

Basic earnings per share:

           

Income from continuing operations available to common stockholders

  $0.43   $0.42  $0.69   $0.92    $1.09    $0.38  $1.81    $1.29  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

   —      0.07   —      (0.26

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax

   —       —     —       (0.26
                            

Net income available to common stockholders

  $0.43   $0.49  $0.69   $0.66    $1.09    $0.38  $1.81    $1.03  
                            

Diluted earnings per share:

              

Income from continuing operations available to common stockholders

  $0.43   $0.42  $0.68   $0.92    $1.07    $0.37  $1.79    $1.28  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

   —      0.06   —      (0.27

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax

   —       —     —       (0.25
                            

Net income available to common stockholders

  $0.43   $0.48  $0.68   $0.65    $1.07    $0.37  $1.79    $1.03  
                            

For the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2009 and 2008, the Company had 6.34.4 million and 4.35.1 million, respectively, of anti-dilutive securities related to stock options and restricted stock units. For the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009 and 2008, the Company had 6.94.5 million and 4.56.0 million, respectively, of anti-dilutive securities related to stock options and restricted stock units. As a result, these securities were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS. For the three and six months ended May 31, 2009, 20.5 million shares related to the warrant issued under the U.S Treasury’s Capital Purchase Program were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS as they were anti-dilutive.

13.Capital Adequacy

The Company as a bank holding company, isbecame subject to capital adequacy guidelines of the Federal Reserve.Reserve in the second quarter 2009 upon becoming a bank holding company. Discover Bank (the “Bank”), the Company’s main banking subsidiary, is subject to various regulatory capital requirements as administered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”). Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in the initiation of certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the financial position and results of the Company and the Bank. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items, as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth(as defined in the following table)regulations) of total and Tier 1 capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets, (as defined), and of Tier I capital (as defined) to average assets (as defined).assets. Management believes that, as of MayAugust 31, 2009, the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they arewere subject.

Under regulatory capital requirements, the Company and the Bank must maintain minimum levels of capital that are dependent upon the risk of the financial institution’s assets, specifically (a) 8% to 10% of total capital as defined, to risk-weighted assets (“total risk-based capital ratio”), (b) 4% to 6% of Tier 1 capital as defined, to risk-weighted assets (“Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio”) and (c) 4% to 5% of Tier 1 capital as defined, to average assets (“Tier 1 leverage ratio”). To be categorized as “well-capitalized,” the Company and the Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier I risk-based, and Tier I leverage ratios as set forth in the following table. The Company and the Bank iswere “well-capitalized” as of MayAugust 31, 2009 and the Bank was “well-capitalized” as of November 30, 2008, under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action established by the FDIC. ThereAs of August 31, 2009, there have been no conditions or events that management believes have changed the Company’s or the Bank’s category.

In addition to capital adequacy requirements forEffective July 2009, the Company and the Bank began consolidating the trusts for purposes of computing regulatory capital as a result of actions taken to provide incremental credit enhancement to the trusts, which are discussed in greater detail in Note 5: Credit Card Securitization Activities. In accordance with regulatory capital requirements, the Company and the Bank now include the assets of the trusts, exclusive of any retained interests held on-balance sheet, in the Company’s and the Bank’s regulatory capital calculations. As a result, the Company’s and the Bank’s risk weighted assets increased, causing its capital ratios to decrease, but both the Company and the Bank remain above well-capitalized levels.

The Company’s and the Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios and their comparison to the regulatory minimum and “well-capitalized” requirements as of August 31, 2009 are presented in the following table (dollars in thousands):

 

  Actual Minimum Capital
Requirements
 Capital Requirements To Be
Classified as
Well-Capitalized
   Actual Minimum Capital
Requirements
 Capital Requirements To Be
Classified as
Well-Capitalized
 
  Amount  Ratio Amount  Ratio       Amount              Ratio         Amount  Ratio Amount  Ratio      Amount            Ratio      

May 31, 2009:

          
          

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)

                    

Discover Financial Services

  $7,648,471  19.9 $3,077,690  ³8.0 $3,847,112  ³10.0  $8,652,358  15.9 $4,351,571  ³8.0 $5,439,464  ³10.0

Discover Bank

  $5,469,108  17.1 $2,558,179  ³8.0 $3,197,724  ³10.0  $7,328,414  13.8 $4,243,331  ³8.0 $5,304,164  ³10.0

Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets)

                    

Discover Financial Services

  $7,013,283  18.2 $1,538,845  ³4.0 $2,308,267  ³6.0  $7,958,197  14.6 $2,175,786  ³4.0 $3,263,678  ³ 6.0

Discover Bank

  $5,010,056  15.7 $1,279,090  ³4.0 $1,918,634  ³6.0  $6,375,957  12.0 $2,121,665  ³4.0 $3,182,498  ³6.0

Tier I capital (to average assets)

                    

Discover Financial Services

  $7,013,283  16.8 $1,669,846  ³4.0 $2,087,308  ³5.0  $7,958,197  18.8 $2,607,288  ³4.0 $3,259,111  ³5.0

Discover Bank

  $5,010,056  13.4 $1,501,481  ³4.0 $1,876,851  ³5.0  $6,375,957  16.6 $1,538,234  ³4.0 $1,922,793  ³5.0

14.Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

Lease commitments. The Company leases various office space and equipment under capital and non-cancelable operating leases which expire at various dates through 2018. At MayAugust 31, 2009, future minimum payments on leases with remaining terms in excess of one year, consist of the following (dollars in thousands):

 

   May 31, 2009
   Capitalized
Leases
  Operating
Leases

2009

  $790  $3,259

2010

   1,579   6,186

2011

   790   4,831

2012

   —     4,760

2013

   —     3,224

Thereafter

   —     14,167
        

Total minimum lease payments

   3,159  $36,427
      

Less: amount representing interest

   198  
      

Present value of net minimum lease payments

  $2,961  
      

   August 31, 2009
   Capitalized
Leases
  Operating
Leases

2009

  $395  $1,615

2010

   1,579   6,145

2011

   790   4,839

2012

   —     4,776

2013

   —     3,233

Thereafter

   —     14,167
        

Total minimum lease payments

   2,764  $34,775
      

Less: amount representing interest

   153  
      

Present value of net minimum lease payments

  $2,611  
      

Unused commitments to extend credit.At MayAugust 31, 2009, the Company had unused commitments to extend credit for consumer and commercial loans of approximately $181$174 billion. Such commitments arise primarily from agreements with customers for unused lines of credit on certain credit cards, provided there is no violation of conditions established in the related agreement. These commitments, substantially all of which the Company can terminate at any time and which do not necessarily represent future cash requirements, are periodically reviewed based on account usage and customer creditworthiness.

Guarantees.The Company has certain obligations under certain guarantee arrangements, including contracts and indemnification agreements that contingently require the Company to make payments to the guaranteed party based on changes in an underlying asset, liability or equity security of a guaranteed party, rate or index. Also included as guarantees are contracts that contingently require the Company to make payments to a guaranteed party based on another entity’s failure to perform under an agreement. The Company’s use of guarantees is disclosed below by type of guarantee.

Securitized Asset Representations and Warranties. As part of the Company’s securitization activities, the Company provides representations and warranties that certain securitized assets conform to specified guidelines. The Company may be required to repurchase such assets or indemnify the purchaser against losses if the assets do not meet certain conforming guidelines. Due diligence is performed by the Company to ensure that asset guideline qualifications are met. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make would be equal to the current outstanding balances of all assets subject to such securitization activities. The Company has not recorded any contingent liability in the consolidated financial statements for these representations and warranties, and management believes that the probability of any payments under these arrangements is low.

Diners Club. Diners Club has entered into contractual relationships with certain international merchants, which generally include travel-related businesses, for the benefit of all Diners Club licensees. The licensees hold the primary liability to settle the transactions of their cardmembers with these merchants. However, Diners Club retains a counterparty exposure if a licensee fails to meet its financial payment obligation to one of these merchants. While Diners Club has contractual remedies to offset this counterparty exposure, in the event that all licensees were unable to settle their transactions with these merchants, the Company estimates its maximum potential counterparty exposure to be approximately $573$530 million based on historical transaction volume.

Additionally, Diners Club retains counterparty exposure if a licensee fails to settle amounts resulting from cardmember transactions processed in the territory of another licensee. While Diners Club has contractual remedies to offset this counterparty exposure, in the event all licensees were to become unable to settle their transactions with another licensee, the Company estimates its maximum potential counterparty exposure to be approximately $84$80 million based on historical transaction volume among licensees.

With regard to the two counterparty exposures discussed above, the Company believes that the estimated amounts of maximum potential future payments are not representative of the Company’s actual potential loss exposure given Diners Club’s insignificant historical losses from these counterparty exposures. As of MayAugust 31, 2009, the Company hashad not recorded any contingent liability in the consolidated financial statements for these counterparty exposures, and management believes that the probability of any payments under these arrangements is low.

The Company also retains counterparty exposure for the obligations of Diners Club licensees that participate in the Citishare network, an electronic funds processing network. Through the Citishare network, Diners Club cardmembers are able to access certain ATMs directly connected to the Citishare network. The Company’s maximum potential future payment under this counterparty exposure is limited to $15 million, subject to annual adjustment based on actual transaction experience. However, as of August 31, 2009, the Company had not recorded any contingent liability in the consolidated financial statements related to this counterparty exposure, and management believes that the probability of any payments under this arrangement is low.

PULSE. During the quarter ending August 31, 2009, PULSE entered into contractual relationships with certain international ATM acquirers in which DFS Services LLC retains counterparty exposure if an issuer fails to fulfill its settlement obligation. Through August 31, 2009, the only issuers settling transactions with these international ATM acquirers are Diners Club licensees. While Diners Club has contractual remedies to offset this counterparty exposure, in the event that all licensees were to become unable to settle their transactions, the Company estimates its maximum potential counterparty exposure to be approximately $0.5 million based on transaction volume during the period. As of August 31, 2009, the Company had not recorded any contingent liability in the consolidated financial statements for these counterparty exposures, and management believes that the probability of any payments under these arrangements is low.

Merchant Chargeback Guarantees. The Company issues credit cards and owns and operates the Discover Network. The Company is contingently liable for certain transactions processed on the Discover Network in the event of a dispute between the cardholder and a merchant. The contingent liability arises if the disputed transaction involves a merchant or merchant acquirer with whom the Discover Network has a direct relationship. If a dispute is resolved in the cardholder’s favor, the Discover Network will credit or refund the disputed amount to the Discover Network card issuer, who in turn credits its cardholder’s account. The Discover Network will then charge back the transaction to the merchant or merchant acquirer. If the Discover Network is unable to collect the amount from the merchant or merchant acquirer, it will bear the

loss for the amount credited or refunded to the cardholder. In most instances, a payment obligation by the Discover Network is unlikely to arise because most products or services are delivered when purchased, and credits are issued by merchants on returned items in a timely fashion. However, where the product or service is not scheduled to be provided to the cardholder until some later date following the purchase, the likelihood of a contingent payment obligation by the Discover Network increases. The maximum potential amount of future payments related to such contingent obligations is estimated to be the portion of the total Discover Network transaction volume processed to date for which timely and valid disputes may be raised under applicable law and relevant issuer and cardholder agreements. However, the Company believes that amount is not representative of the Company’s actual potential loss exposure based on the Company’s historical experience. The actual amount of the potential exposure cannot be quantified as the Company cannot determine whether the current or cumulative transaction volumes may include or result in disputed transactions.

The table below summarizes certain information regarding merchant chargeback guarantees:

 

  For the Three Months Ended
May 31,
  For the Six Months Ended
May 31,
  For the Three
Months Ended
August 31,
  For the Nine
Months Ended
August 31,
        2009              2008              2009              2008        2009  2008  2009  2008

Losses related to merchant chargebacks (in thousands)

  $1,677  $1,357  $3,332  $3,253  $1,717  $6,134  $5,049  $9,387

Aggregate transaction volume(1) (in millions)

  $22,584  $24,428  $45,510  $49,119  $24,258  $26,003  $69,768  $75,122

 

(1)Represents period transactions processed on Discover Network to which a potential liability exists, which, in aggregate, can differ from credit card sales volume.

The amount ofCompany has not recorded any contingent liability in the consolidated financial statements related to the Company’s merchant chargebackthis guarantee was not material at MayAugust 31, 2009 and November 30, 2008. The Company mitigates this risk by withholding settlement from merchants or obtaining escrow deposits from certain merchant acquirers or merchants that are considered higher risk due to various factors such as time delays in the delivery of products or services.

The table below provides information regarding the Company’s settlement withholdings and escrow deposits (dollars in thousands):

 

   May 31,
2009
  November 30,
2008

Settlement withholdings and escrow deposits

  $50,232  $73,388
   August 31,
2009
  November 30,
2008

Settlement withholdings and escrow deposits

  $41,424  $73,388

Settlement withholdings and escrow deposits are recorded in interest-bearing deposit accounts and accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition.

 

15.Fair Value Disclosures

In accordance with FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 107,Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments, the Company is required to disclose the fair value of financial instruments for which it is practical to estimate fair value. To obtain fair values, observable market prices are used if available. In some instances, observable market prices are not readily available and fair value is determined using present value or other techniques appropriate for a particular financial instrument. These techniques involve some degree of judgment and as a result are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company would realize in a current market exchange. The use of different assumptions or estimation techniques may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

The following table provides the estimated fair values of financial instruments (dollars in thousands):

 

  May 31, 2009  November 30, 2008  August 31, 2009  November 30, 2008
  Carrying
Value
  Estimated
Fair Value
  Carrying
Value
  Estimated
Fair Value
  Carrying
Value
  Estimated
Fair Value
  Carrying
Value
  Estimated
Fair Value

Financial Assets

                

Cash and cash equivalents

  $9,694,825  $9,694,825  $10,171,143  $10,171,143  $10,828,242  $10,828,242  $10,171,143  $10,171,143

Restricted cash

  $502,292  $502,292  $—    $—  

Investment securities:

                

Available-for-sale

  $1,429,738  $1,429,738  $1,127,119  $1,127,119  $1,523,726  $1,523,726  $1,127,119  $1,127,119

Held-to-maturity

  $99,682  $91,796  $100,825  $84,167  $1,742,808  $1,370,040  $100,825  $84,167

Net loan receivables

  $25,455,041  $25,709,064  $23,842,026  $24,058,173  $23,657,449  $23,866,022  $23,842,026  $24,058,173

Amounts due from asset securitization

  $1,767,545  $1,767,545  $2,233,600  $2,233,600  $1,936,783  $1,936,783  $2,233,600  $2,233,600

Derivative financial instruments

  $3,664  $3,664  $4,102  $4,102  $2,058  $2,058  $4,102  $4,102

Financial Liabilities

                

Deposits

  $29,149,730  $29,946,033  $28,530,521  $28,715,427  $29,567,138  $30,620,915  $28,530,521  $28,715,427

Short-term borrowings

  $500,000  $500,000  $500,000  $500,000  $—    $—    $500,000  $500,000

Long-term borrowings

  $1,427,043  $1,377,334  $1,735,383  $1,638,067  $1,795,134  $1,758,323  $1,735,383  $1,638,067

Derivative financial instruments

  $—    $—    $1,895  $1,895  $—    $—    $1,895  $1,895

Cash and cash equivalents. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value due to maturitiesthe low level of less than three months.risk these assets present to the Company as well as the relatively liquid nature of these assets particularly given their short maturities.

Restricted cash. The carrying value of restricted cash approximates fair value due to the low level of risk these assets present to the Company.

Available-for-sale investment securities. Investment securities classified as available-for-saleavailable for sale are recorded at their fair values. Investment securitiesThese financial assets consist primarily of certain certificated subordinated interests issued by DCENT that have been acquired by a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and credit card asset-backed securities issued by other institutions.institutions and mortgage-backed commercial paper notes of one issuer. Fair values of certificated retained interests and credit card asset-backed securities of other issuers are estimated utilizing discounted cash flow analyses, where estimated contractual principal and interest cash flows are discounted at current market rates for the same or comparable transactions. For certificated subordinated interests issued by DCENT that were acquired by the Company for whichtransactions, if available. If there is little or no market activity, discount rates are derived from indicative pricing observed in the most recent active market for such instruments, adjusted for changes occurring thereafter in relative credit spreads andrisk, liquidity risk, premiums.or both. The commercial paper notes classified as available for sale are currently in default. Because they are no longer traded, fair value of the notes is determined utilizing a valuation analysis reflecting an estimate of the market value of the assets held by the issuer.issuer, Golden Key U.S. LLC.

Held-to-maturity investment securities. The estimated fair values for the majority of investment securities classified as held-to-maturity are derived primarily utilizing a discounted cash flow analysis, where estimated contractual principal and interest cash flows are discounted at market rates for comparable transactions, if available. If there is little or no market activity on which to conclude an appropriate discount rate, the discount rate is derived from indicative pricing observed in the most recent active market for such instruments, adjusted for changes occurring thereafter in relative credit risk, liquidity risk, or both. For certain other investment securities held-to-maturity, the estimated fair values are based on quoted market prices utilizing public information for the same or comparable securities. As a substantial portion of these investment securities orare zero coupon retained interests, the fair value is below the carrying value. For more information estimated through market pricing data.on these investment securities see Note 3: Investment Securities.

Net loan receivables. The Company’s loan receivables include loans to consumers and commercial loans. To estimate the fair value of loan receivables, loans are aggregated into pools of similar loan types, characteristics and expected repayment terms. The fair values of the loans are estimated by discounting expected future cash flows using a rate at which similar loans could be made under current market conditions.

Amounts due from asset securitization. Carrying values of the portion of amounts due from asset securitization that are short-term in nature approximate their fair values. Fair values of the remaining assets recorded in amounts due from asset securitization reflect the present value of estimated future cash flows utilizing management’s best estimate of key assumptions with regard to credit card loan receivable performance and interest rate environment projections.

Deposits. The carrying values of money market deposit, non-interest bearing deposits, interest bearing demand deposits and savings accounts approximate their fair values due to the liquid nature of these deposits. For

time deposits for which readily available market rates do not exist, fair values are estimated by discounting expected future cash flows using market rates currently offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities.

Short-term borrowings.Short-term borrowings have original maturities of less than one year. As a result of their short-term nature, the carrying values of short-term borrowings approximate their fair values.

Long-term borrowings.Long-term borrowings include fixed and floating rate debt. The fair values of long-term borrowings having fixed rates are determined by discounting cash flows of future interest accruals at market rates currently offered for borrowings with similar remaining maturities or repricing terms. The carrying values of long-term borrowings having floating rates approximate their fair values due to their automatic ability to reprice with changes in the interest rate environment.

Derivative financial instruments.As part of its interest rate risk management program, the Company may enter into interest rate swap agreements with institutions that are established dealers and that maintain certain minimum credit criteria established by the Company. The values of these agreements are derived using models which use primarily market observable inputs such as interest yield curves, credit curves and option volatility, and are recorded in other assets at their gross positive fair values and accrued expenses and other liabilities at their gross negative fair values.

The Company is exposed to changes in the fair value of certain of its fixed rate obligations due to changes in benchmark interest rates, such as LIBOR, and uses interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changes in fair value of these obligations attributable to changes in LIBOR. These interest rate swaps involve the receipt of fixed rate amounts from counterparties in exchange for the Company making variable rate payments over the life of the agreement without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. Most of these agreements are designated to hedge interest-bearing deposits and qualify as fair value hedges in accordance with FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133,Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (“Statement No. 133”). The Company also has interest rate swap agreements that are not designated as hedges. Such agreements are not speculative and are also used to manage interest rate risk but are not designated for hedge accounting or do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements of Statement No. 133.

The following tables identify the notional amounts, fair values and classification in the statement of financial condition of the Company’s outstanding interest rate swaps at MayAugust 31, 2009 (dollars in thousands):

 

  Notional
Amount
  Weighted Average
Years to Maturity
  Notional
Amount
  Weighted Average
Years to Maturity

Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedging instruments

  $111,610  3.8  $16,056  14.3

Interest rate swaps not designated as hedging instruments

  $66,390  1.8  $46,944  1.7

 

  Derivative Assets
As of May 31, 2009
  Derivative Liabilities
As of May 31, 2009
  Derivative Assets
As of August 31, 2009
  

Derivative Liabilities
As of August 31, 2009

  Balance Sheet
Location
  Fair
Value
  Balance Sheet
Location
  Fair
Value
  Balance Sheet
Location
  Fair
Value
  

Balance Sheet
Location

  Fair
Value

Interest rate swaps designated as hedging instruments

  Other assets  $1,847  Accrued expenses

and other liabilities

  $
 
 —
  
  Other assets  $247  

Accrued expenses

and other liabilities

  $—  

Interest rate swaps not designated as hedging instruments

  Other assets  $1,817  Accrued expenses

and other liabilities

  $
 
 —
  
  Other assets  $1,811  

Accrued expenses

and other liabilities

  $—  

For the Company’s derivative financial instruments that were designated as hedging instruments, changes in the fair value of the derivative contracts and the interest-bearing deposits were recorded in interest expense. Interest expense also included the effect of the termination of derivatives and hedged deposits, and the amortization of basis adjustments to the fair value of the interest-bearing deposits that arose from the previous designated hedging relationships. For derivative contracts that were not designated or did not quality as fair value hedges, the Company recorded changes in the fair values of these derivative contracts in other income. The tabletables below presentspresent the effect of the Company’s derivatives on the consolidated statements of income (dollars in thousands):

 

  For the Three Months Ended May 31, 2009   For the Three Months Ended August 31, 2009 
  Location of
Gain/(Loss)
Recognized in Income
  Gain/(Loss)
on Derivative
 Gain/(Loss)
on Hedged Item
 Net Amount of
Gain/(Loss)
Recognized in Income
   Location of
Gain/(Loss)
Recognized in Income
  Gain/(Loss)
on Derivative
  Gain/(Loss)
on Hedged Item
 Net Amount of
Gain/(Loss)
Recognized in Income
 

Derivatives designated as fair value hedging instruments:

  Interest expense-

Ineffectiveness

  $(193 $(74 $(267  Interest expense-

Ineffectiveness

  $105  $36   $141  
  Interest expense-

Other

  $84   $3,332   $3,416    Interest expense-

Other

  $62  $2,871   $2,933  

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:

  Other income  $193   $—     $193    Other income  $166  $—     $166  
  For the Six Months Ended May 31, 2009   For the Nine Months Ended August 31, 2009 
  Location of
Gain/(Loss)
Recognized in Income
  Gain/(Loss)
on Derivative
 Gain/(Loss)
on Hedged Item
 Net Amount of
Gain/(Loss)
Recognized in Income
   Location of
Gain/(Loss)
Recognized in Income
  Gain/(Loss)
on Derivative
  Gain/(Loss)
on Hedged Item
 Net Amount of
Gain/(Loss)
Recognized in Income
 

Derivatives designated as fair value hedging instruments:

  Interest expense-

Ineffectiveness

  $1,086   $(2,274 $(1,188  Interest expense-

Ineffectiveness

  $1,191  $(2,238 $(1,047
  Interest expense-

Other

  $6,492   $7,792   $14,284    Interest expense-

Other

  $6,554  $10,663   $17,217  

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:

  Other income  $1,601   $—     $1,601    Other income  $1,767  $—     $1,767  

The Company limits its credit exposure on derivatives by entering into contracts with institutions that are established dealers and that maintain certain minimum credit criteria established by the Company. The Company does not have any credit support arrangements with respect to outstanding derivative contracts that would require the posting of collateral when in a liability position. The Company’s exposure to counterparties at MayAugust 31, 2009 was not material.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis. FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157,Fair Value Measurements, defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between valuations that are based on observable inputs from those based on unobservable inputs, and expandsrequires certain disclosures about fair valuethose measurements. The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at MayAugust 31, 2009, and indicates the level within the fair value hierarchy with which each of those items is associated. In general, fair values determined by Level 1 inputs are defined as those that utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs are those that utilize inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active or inactive markets, quoted prices for the identical assets in an inactive market, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. Fair values determined by Level 3 inputs are those based on unobservable inputs, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability.liability being valued. In instances in which the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety is

classified is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s

assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. The FASB clarified in FASB Staff Position No. FAS 157-3,Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active (“FSP FAS 157-3”) that in inactive markets, the use of Level 3 inputs may result in fair value estimates that are more reliable than those that would be indicated by the use of quoted prices. Disclosures concerning assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at MayAugust 31, 2009 are as follows:

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis at MayAugust 31, 2009

(dollars in thousands)

 

  Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
  Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
  Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)
  Balance at
May 31,
2009
  Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
  Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
  Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)
  Balance at
August 31,
2009

Assets

                

Available-for-sale investment securities

  $15  $—    $1,429,723  $1,429,738  $    15  $—    $    1,523,711  $    1,523,726

Amounts due from asset securitization(1)

  $ —    $—    $1,053,792  $1,053,792  $—    $—    $1,075,304  $1,075,304

Derivative financial instruments(2)

  $ —    $3,664  $—    $3,664  $—    $2,058  $—    $2,058

 

(1)Balances represent only the components of amounts due from asset securitization that are marked to fair value.
(2)The Company does not offset the fair value of derivative contracts with a negative fair value against the fair value of contracts with a positive fair value.

The Company considers relevant and observable market prices in its valuations, evaluating the frequency of transactions, the size of the bid-ask spread and the significance of adjustments made when considering transactions involving similar assets or liabilities to assess the relevance of those observed prices. If relevant and observable prices are available, the fair values of the related assets or liabilities would be classified as Level 2. If relevant and observable prices are not available, other valuation techniques would be used and the fair values of the financial instruments would be classified as Level 3. The Company utilizes both observable and unobservable inputs in determining the fair values of financial instruments classified within the Level 3 category. The level to which an asset or liability is classified is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. If the fair value of an asset or liability is measured based on observable inputs as well as unobservable inputs which contributed significantly to the determination of fair value, the asset or liability would be classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Level 3 category includes the Company’s certificatedretained interests in the form of Class B and Class C notes issued by DCENT, which are reported in available-for-sale investment securities. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company’s valuation of these investments utilized the discount rate reflecting bid-ask spreads derived from observable transactions for similar securities. At MayAugust 31, 2009, and in accordance with FSP FAS 157-3, the Company utilized a discount rate reflective of the implied rate of return as of September 25, 2008, the last date on which the Company considered the market for these assets to be active, adjusted for incremental changes occurring thereafter in relative credit spreads and liquidity risk premiums.risk. The Company considered the following factors in determiningconcluding that the market for subordinated tranche credit card asset-backed securities has beenremained inactive at August 31, 2009, since the fourth calendar quarter ofSeptember 25, 2008:

 

Primary market credit card asset-backed securitization transactions averaged $6 billion to $9 billion monthly from the beginning of 2006 through May 2008, decreasing to a level of approximately $4 billion per month through September 2008, followed by a lack of primary issuance transactions altogether after September 25, 2008 (excluding issuances to related parties). Although theThe Federal Reserve’s Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (“TALF”) has favorably impacted the issuance volumes of AAA-ratedtriple-A rated securities in the first half of 2009, however; primary market transactions for lower rated credit card asset-backed securities, specifically A-rated and BBB-rated securities, remained closed as of MayAugust 31, 2009.

Prior to October 2008, quoted market spreads of primary market credit card asset-backed securitizations, which the Company historically relied on in valuing its certificated retained subordinated interests, demonstrated relatively little variability among the various pricing sources. Beginning in October 2008 and continuing throughinto the secondthird quarter of 2009, these indicative spreads have reflected a highhigher degree of variability among different pricing sources.sources than historical ranges. Beginning in the third quarter, TALF pricing facilitated a tightening of the quoted market spreads among the sources, however, the certainty of the quoted market spreads cannot be ascertained in the absence of any primary transactions of subordinated securities.

 

Beginning in October 2008 and continuing through the secondthird quarter of 2009, bid-ask spreads have widened significantlyremain wide among credit card asset-backed securities market participants, resulting in the absence of primary lower rated market transactions after September 25, 2008.2008 (excluding issuances to related parties).

The weighted average discount rate assumptions used in valuing the Class B and Class C notes were 10.53%8.18% and 14.40%11.10%, respectively, at MayAugust 31, 2009. These discount rates reflect incremental liquidity risk premiums of 125 basis points and 175 basis points and incremental credit risk premiums of 235 basis points and 330 basis points on the Class B and Class C notes, respectively, added to the implied rates of return on the last date the Company considered the market for these assets to be active, which was September 25, 2008. These incremental liquidity risk premiums remain unchanged from that which was quantified by the Company at November 30, 2008, as market liquidity for certificated subordinated credit card asset-backed securities at August 31, 2009, remained unchanged from the fourth quarter of 2008. In determining these liquidity risk premiums, we considered the following information was considered:information:

 

Changes to 1-month LIBOR, including a peak rate of 4.5875% in October 2008, and related widening of the spread between LIBOR and overnight indexed swaps by as much as 132 basis points;points, and

 

A 100 basis point decline in the Federal Funds target rate in the fourth quarter of 2008; and2008.

Stress on receivable collectionsThe incremental credit risk premiums of the Class B and Class C notes utilized in deriving the assumed discount rates during the challenging economic environment impactingfirst and second quarters of 2009, reflected rating agency credit watch actions related to rising credit losses and the impact on performance of DCENT notes as well as concern of further deterioration. However, the actions taken by the Company in the third quarter 2009 to provide additional credit card asset-backed securities resulting inenhancement to the securitization trusts, which led to the subsequent ratings watchaffirmations of DCENT notes by the ratings agencies, eliminated the need for an incremental credit risk premium at August 31, 2009. See Note 5: Credit Card Securitization Activities for further information concerning these credit enhancement actions on all oftaken by the largest credit card asset-backed securities issuers.Company.

The Level 3 available-for-sale investment securities category also includes investments in third-party credit card asset-backed securities of other issuers and the Company’s investment in asset-backed commercial paper notes of Golden Key U.S. LLC. The estimated fair value reported for the credit card asset-backed securities of other issuers reflects the low end of market indicative pricing based on a small number of recent transactions. The fair value of the commercial paper notes of Golden Key U.S. LLC reflects an estimate of the market value of mortgage-backedthose assets held by the issuer, which has become increasinglyis primarily reliant upon unobservable data as the market for mortgage-backed securities has continued to experience significant disruption.

Also included in the Level 3 category are cash collateral accounts deposited at the trust as credit enhancement to certain transferred receivables against which beneficial interests have been issued and the interest-only strip receivable, both of which are included in amounts due from asset securitization. The Company estimates the fair value of the cash collateral accounts utilizing the discounted present value of estimated contractual cash flows. The Company estimates the fair value of the interest-only strip receivable based on the present value of expected future cash flows using management’s best estimate of key assumptions, including forecasted interest yield, loan losses and payment rates, the interest rate paid to investors, and a discount rate commensurate with the risks involved.

The following table providestables provide changes in the Company’s Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Net transfers in and/or out of Level 3 are presented using beginning of the period fair values.

Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

(dollars in thousands)

 

  Balance at
February 29,
2009
  Total Realized
and Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
 Purchases,
Sales, Other
Settlements and
Issuances, net
 Net Transfers
In and/or Out
of Level 3
  Balance at
May 31, 2009
  Balance at
May 31,
2009
  Total Realized
and Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
 Purchases,
Sales, Other
Settlements and
Issuances, net
 Net Transfers
In and/or Out
of Level 3
  Balance at
August 31,
2009

Assets

                

Available-for-sale investment securities

  $    1,202,522  $25,698(2)  $    201,503   $    —    $    1,429,723  $    1,429,723  $    40,922(2)  $53,066   $    —    $    1,523,711

Amounts due from asset securitization(1)

  $1,154,641  $    (92,954)(3)  $(7,895 $—    $1,053,792  $1,053,792  $68,880(3)  $    (47,368 $—    $1,075,304

 

(1)Balances represent only the components of amounts due from asset securitization that are marked to fair value.
(2)Includes $4.4$4.9 million of accreted income recorded in interest income and a net unrealized pretax gain of $22.1$43.5 million recorded in other comprehensive income in the consolidated statement of financial condition, offset in part by a loss on investment of $0.8$7.4 million recorded in other income. Amounts included in other comprehensive income are recorded on an after tax basis.
(3)This unrealized lossgain is recorded in securitization income in the consolidated statement of income.

Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

(dollars in thousands)

 

  Balance at
November 30,
2008
  Total Realized
and
Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
 Purchases,
Sales, Other
Settlements and
Issuances, net
 Net Transfers
In and/or Out
of Level 3
  Balance at
May 31, 2009
  Balance at
November 30,
2008
  Total Realized
and Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
 Purchases,
Sales, Other
Settlements and
Issuances, net
 Net Transfers
In and/or Out
of Level 3
  Balance at
August 31, 2009

Assets

                

Available-for-sale investment securities

  $    1,127,090  $27,331(2)  $275,302   $—    $1,429,723  $    1,127,090  $68,253(2)  $328,368   $    —    $    1,523,711

Amounts due from asset securitization(1)

  $1,421,567  $    (191,196)(3)  $    (176,579 $    —    $    1,053,792  $1,421,567  $    (122,315)(3)  $    (223,948 $—    $1,075,304

 

(1)Balances represent only the components of amounts due from asset securitization that are marked to fair value.
(2)Includes $6.3$11.2 million of accreted income recorded in interest income and a net unrealized pretax gain of $21.8$65.3 million recorded in other comprehensive income in the consolidated statement of financial condition, offset in part by a loss on investment of $0.8$8.3 million recorded in other income. Amounts included in other comprehensive income are recorded on an after tax basis.
(3)This unrealized loss is recorded in securitization income in the consolidated statement of income.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis.Basis. The Company also has assets that under certain conditions are subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets include those associated with acquired businesses, including goodwill and other intangible assets. For these assets, measurement at fair value in periods subsequent to their initial recognition is applicable if one or more is determined to be impaired. During the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, the Company had no impairments related to these assets.

As of MayAugust 31, 2009, the Company hashad not made any fair value elections with respect to any of its eligible assets and liabilities as permitted under the provisions of FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159,The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities–Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115.

16.Segment Disclosures

The Company’s business activities are managed in two segments: U.S. Card and Third-Party Payments.

 

  

U.S. Card. The U.S. Card segment includes Discover Card-branded credit cards issued to individuals and small businesses on the Discover Network and other consumer products and services, including installment loans, prepaid cards and other consumer lending and deposit products offered through the Company’s Discover Bank subsidiary.

 

  

Third-Party Payments. The Third-Party Payments segment includes PULSE, an automated teller machine, debit and electronic funds transfer network; Diners Club, a global payments network; and the Company’s third-party issuing business, which includes credit, debit and prepaid cards issued on the Discover Network by third parties.

The business segment reporting provided to and used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker is prepared using the following principles and allocation conventions:

 

Segment information is presented on a managed basis because management considers the performance of the entire managed loan portfolio in managing the business. A managed basis presentation, which is a non-GAAP presentation, involves reporting securitized loans with the Company’s owned loans in the managed basis statements of financial condition and reporting the earnings on securitized loans in the same manner as the owned loans instead of as securitizedsecuritization income. The managed basis presentation generally reverses the effects of securitization transactions.

 

Other accounting policies applied to the operating segments are consistent with the accounting policies described in Note 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the audited consolidated and combined financial statements included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2008.

 

Corporate overhead is not allocated between segments; all corporate overhead is included in the U.S. Card segment.

 

Through its operation of the Discover Network, the U.S. Card segment incurs fixed marketing, servicing and infrastructure costs, which are not specifically allocated among the operating segments.

 

The assets of the Company are not allocated among the operating segments in the information reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker.

 

Income taxes are not specifically allocated among the operating segments in the information reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker.

The following table presents segment data on a managed basis and a reconciliation to a GAAP presentation (dollars in thousands):

 

  Managed Basis  Securitization
Adjustment(2)
  GAAP Basis  Managed Basis  Securitization
Adjustment(2)
  GAAP Basis

For the Three Months Ended

  U.S. Card  Third-Party
Payments(1)
  Total   Total  U.S. Card  Third-Party
Payments(1)
  Total   Total

May 31, 2009

         

August 31, 2009

         

Interest income

  $1,607,114  $338  $1,607,452  $(749,468 $857,984  $  1,663,886  $195  $1,664,081  $  (830,864 $833,217

Interest expense

   414,002   61   414,063   (94,058  320,005   392,592   50   392,642   (88,241  304,401
                              

Net interest income

   1,193,112   277   1,193,389   (655,410  537,979   1,271,294   145   1,271,439   (742,623  528,816

Provision for loan losses

   1,111,232   —     1,111,232   (467,371  643,861   924,427   —     924,427   (543,428  380,999

Other income(3)

   834,630   58,451   893,081   188,039    1,081,120   1,055,529   61,236   1,116,765   199,195    1,315,960

Other expense

   528,608   32,020   560,628   —      560,628   489,596   34,242   523,838   —      523,838
                              

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense

  $387,902  $26,708  $414,610  $—     $414,610  $912,800  $  27,139  $939,939  $—     $939,939
                              

May 31, 2008

         

August 31, 2008

         

Interest income

  $1,572,164  $533  $1,572,697  $(960,634 $612,063  $1,637,588  $662  $1,638,250  $(956,558 $681,692

Interest expense

   550,629   —     550,629   (237,381  313,248   534,870   17   534,887   (229,244  305,643
                              

Net interest income

   1,021,535   533   1,022,068   (723,253  298,815   1,102,718   645   1,103,363   (727,314  376,049

Provision for loan losses

   581,537   —     581,537   (370,568  210,969   754,028   —     754,028   (389,190  364,838

Other income

   455,074   37,133   492,207   352,685    844,892   482,311   54,686   536,997   338,124    875,121

Other expense

   585,949   20,876   606,825   —      606,825   585,760   26,787   612,547   —      612,547
                              

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense

  $309,123  $16,790  $325,913  $—     $325,913  $245,241  $28,544  $273,785  $—     $273,785
                              

For the Six Months Ended

              

May 31, 2009

         

For the Nine Months Ended

              

August 31, 2009

         

Interest income

  $3,210,476  $825  $3,211,301  $(1,537,524 $1,673,777  $  4,874,362  $1,020  $  4,875,382  $(2,368,388 $  2,506,994

Interest expense

   852,340   140   852,480   (219,755  632,725   1,244,932   190   1,245,122   (307,996  937,126
                              

Net interest income

   2,358,136   685   2,358,821   (1,317,769  1,041,052   3,629,430   830   3,630,260   (2,060,392  1,569,868

Provision for loan losses

   2,444,905   —     2,444,905   (863,231  1,581,674   3,369,332   —     3,369,332   (1,406,659  1,962,673

Other income(3)

   1,697,853   118,685   1,816,538   454,538    2,271,076   2,753,382   179,921   2,933,303   653,733    3,587,036

Other expense

   1,056,015   63,736   1,119,751   —      1,119,751   1,545,611   97,978   1,643,589   —      1,643,589
             ��                

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense

  $555,069  $55,634  $610,703  $—     $610,703  $1,467,869  $82,773  $1,550,642  $—     $1,550,642
                              

May 31, 2008

         

August 31, 2008

         

Interest income

  $3,224,151  $1,161  $3,225,312  $(1,950,447 $1,274,865  $4,861,739  $1,823  $4,863,562  $(2,907,005 $1,956,557

Interest expense

   1,219,580   2   1,219,582   (566,893  652,689   1,754,450   19   1,754,469   (796,137  958,332
                              

Net interest income

   2,004,571   1,159   2,005,730   (1,383,554  622,176   3,107,289   1,804   3,109,093   (2,110,868  998,225

Provision for loan losses

   1,208,605   —     1,208,605   (692,004  516,601   1,962,633   —     1,962,633   (1,081,194  881,439

Other income

   1,057,485   71,401   1,128,886   691,550    1,820,436   1,539,796   126,087   1,665,883   1,029,674    2,695,557

Other expense

   1,168,925   40,243   1,209,168   —      1,209,168   1,754,685   67,030   1,821,715   —      1,821,715
                              

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense

  $684,526  $32,317  $716,843  $—     $716,843  $929,767  $60,861  $990,628  $—     $990,628
                              

 

(1)Diners Club was acquired on June 30, 2008.
(2)The Securitization Adjustment column presents the effect of loan securitizations by recharacterizing as securitization income the portions of the following items that relate to the securitized loans: interest income, interest expense, provision for loan losses, discount and interchange revenue and loan fee revenues. Securitization income is reported in other income.
(3)The three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009 includes $473$472 million and $948 million,$1.4 billion, respectively, of income related to the Visa and MasterCard antitrust litigation settlement, which is included in the U.S Card segment.

17.Subsequent Events

The Company has performed an evaluation of subsequent events through October 7, 2009, the date the financial statements were issued and filed.

Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this quarterly report. This quarterly report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of our management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this quarterly report, and there is no undertaking to update or revise them as more information becomes available.

The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements: the actions and initiatives of current and potential competitors; our ability to manage credit risks and securitize our receivables at acceptable rates and under sale accounting treatment;receivables; changes in economic variables, such as the availability of consumer credit, the housing market, energy costs, the number and size of personal bankruptcy filings, the rate of unemployment and the levels of consumer confidence and consumer debt; the level and volatility of equity prices, commodity prices and interest rates, currency values, investments, other market fluctuations and other market indices; the availability and cost of funding and capital; access to U.S. equity, debt and deposit markets; the ability to manage our liquidity risk; the impact of rating agency actions; losses in our investment portfolio; the ability to increase or sustain Discover Card usage or attract new cardmembers and introduce new products or services; our ability to attract new merchants and maintain relationships with current merchants; our ability to successfully achieve interoperability among our networks and maintain relationships with network participants; material security breaches of key systems; unforeseen and catastrophic events; our reputation; the potential effects of technological changes; the effect of political, economic and market conditions and geopolitical events; unanticipated developments relating to lawsuits, investigations or similar matters; the impact of current, pending and future legislation, regulation and regulatory and legal actions, including new laws and rules limiting or modifying certain credit card practices and legislation related to government programs to stabilize the financial markets; our ability to attract and retain employees; the ability to protect our intellectual property; the impact of any potential future acquisitions; investor sentiment; resolution of our dispute with Morgan Stanley; and the restrictions on our operations resulting from financing transactions.

Additional factors that could cause our results to differ materially from those described below can be found under “Part II. Other Information—Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this quarterly report and in our quarterly report for the quarter ended February 28, 2009, and under “Part I.—Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2008, and under “Part II. Other Information—Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended February 28, 2009 and May 31, 2009, which are filed with the SEC and available at the SEC’s internet site (http://www.sec.gov).

Introduction and Overview

Discover Financial Services is a leading credit card issuer and electronic payment services company. We offer credit cards as well as other financial products and services to qualified customers. We are also a leader in payment processing and related services for merchants and financial institutions. In the second quarter of 2009, we became a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 and a financial holding company under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which subjects us to oversight, regulation and examination by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). Our fiscal year ends on November 30 of each year.

Our primary revenues come from interest income earned on loan receivables, securitization income derived from the transfer of credit card loan receivables to securitization trusts and subsequent issuance of beneficial interests through securitization transactions, and fees earned from cardmembers, merchants and issuers. The primary expenses required to operate our business include funding costs (interest expense), loan loss provisions, cardmember rewards, and expenses incurred to grow, manage and service our loan receivables.

Our business activities are funded primarily through the raising of consumer deposits, the process of asset securitization, and both secured and unsecured debt. In a credit card securitization, loan receivables are first transferred to thea securitization trust, from which beneficial interests are issued to investors. We continue to own and service the accounts that generate the securitized loans. The trusts utilized by us to facilitate asset securitization transactions are not our subsidiaries. These trusts are excluded from our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). Because our securitization activities qualify as sales under GAAP and accordingly are not treated as secured financing transactions, we remove credit card loan receivables equal to the amount of the investors’ interests in securitized loans from our consolidated statements of financial condition. As a result, asset securitizations have a significant effect on our consolidated financial statements in that the portions of interest income, provision for loan losses and certain components of other income related to the securitized loans against which beneficial interests have been issued are no longer recorded in our consolidated statements of income; however, they remain significant factors in determining the securitization income we receive on our retained beneficial interests in those transactions. See “—Accounting Treatment for Off-Balance Sheet Securitizations” below for information regarding recently issued amendments to the accounting standards applicable to asset securitizations and see “—Outlook” and “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Securitization Financing” below for a discussion of the current state of the securitization markets.

Our senior management evaluates business performance and allocates resources using financial data that is presented on a managed basis. Managed loans consist of our on-balance sheet loan portfolio, loans held for sale and loan receivables that have been securitized and against which beneficial interests have been issued. Owned loans, a subset of managed loans, refer to our on-balance sheet loan portfolio and loans held for sale and include the undivided seller’s interest we retain in our securitizations. A managed basis presentation, which is not a presentation in accordance with GAAP, involves reporting securitized loans with our owned loans in the managed basis statements of financial condition and reporting the earnings on securitized loans in the same manner as the owned loans instead of as securitization income. See “—GAAP to Managed Data Reconciliations.”

Key Highlights

 

Net income available to common stockholders for the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2009 was $209$559 million, down $25up $379 million from $234 million for the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2008. Net income available to common stockholders for the second quarter of 20092008, and includes approximately $295$287 million after-tax(after-tax) related to the Visa and MasterCard antitrust litigation settlement, as described in “Part II. Other Information—Item 1. Legal Proceedings.” Net income for the second quarter of 2008 included $33 million of income from discontinued operations related to the sale of the Goldfish business and a $31 million impairment loss related to an investment.

 

Rising unemployment levelsWe re-entered the capital markets during the quarter by completing a common stock offering in which we sold approximately 60 million shares, raising $534 million, and through an unsecured term debt issuance which raised $400 million. Additionally, the securitization trust issued $1.5 billion of asset-backed securities eligible for funding under the Federal Reserve’s Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (“TALF”) and we completed a number of actions to adjust the credit enhancement structure of the securitization trusts.

Net interest income of $529 million for the quarter increased $153 million compared to the third quarter 2008. During the current quarter, we earned higher bankruptcies adversely affected our delinquencyinterest rates on standard balances and charge-off rates. Our provision for loan losses was $644 million insubstantially reduced promotional rate offers, with those benefits partially offset by higher interest charge-offs. Net interest income also increased as the second quarterlevel of 2009, $433 million higher than our provision of $211 million in the second quarter of 2008,on-balance sheet loans rose as a result of maturing securitizations during the previous 12 months. Additionally, higher charge-offs and an increaseanticipated interest income on standard balances contributed significantly to the $69 million favorable revaluation of the interest-only strip receivable in our reserve rate in anticipation of higher future charge-offs. Our managed net charge-off rate for the secondthird quarter of 2009, rose to 7.79%, compared to 4.99% fora $34 million unfavorable revaluation in the secondprior year period.

Delinquency and charge-off rates continue to rise as a result of the current economic environment. In the current quarter, of 2008, and theour managed over 30 days delinquency rate was 5.08% at May 31, 2009, up from 3.81% at May 31, 2008. The reserveincreased 125 basis points to 5.10% in comparison to the third quarter 2008, and the managed net charge-off rate at May 31, 2009 was 7.24% comparedincreased 319 basis points to 4.28% at May 31, 2008.

8.39% from the comparable prior year period. We recorded provision for loan losses of $381 million this quarter, which was slightly higher than the same quarter last year. Higher net charge-offs were largely offset by a decline in the allowance for loan losses as a result of lower on-balance sheet loans due to securitization activities completed during the quarter. By comparison, in the third quarter last year, we added $113 million due to an increase in on-balance sheet loans in the period.

 

Managed loans endedIn the third quarter at $51 billion, relatively unchanged in2009, operating expenses decreased $89 million, or 14%, from the first half of 2009third quarter 2008. Marketing expenses were $60 million less than last year as we significantly reduced promotional rate balance transfer offers, while compensation costs and up 7% from May 31, 2008, reflecting lower payment rates and growth in both personal and student loans, partially offset by decreased consumer spending, a reduction in balance transfers and higher charge-offs. Sales volume decreased 4% in the second quarter of 2009 versus the second quarter of 2008 reflecting lower gas prices and a general decline in consumer spending.

Our owned loans grew $2.2 billion in the first half of 2009 to $27.4 billionother expenses declined as a result of $3.0 billion of securitization maturities in the first quarter of 2009 offset by $750 million of new securitization activity in the second quarter of 2009. This growth in owned loans contributed to approximately $115 million of the total addition of $612 million to our allowance for loan losses in the first half of 2009.

A higher level of owned loanslower headcount and a lower interest rate environment in the second quarter of 2009 compared to the second quarter of 2008 contributed to net interest income of $538 million, up $239 million from the comparable prior year period, and a higher interest rate spread of 4.43% for the second quarter of 2009, up 157 basis points from the three months ended May 31, 2008. Interest expense in the second quarter of 2009 included the impact of a special industry-wide FDIC deposit insurance assessment, which for us was $16 million and resulted in a 20 basis point decrease in our interest rate spread.

On March 13, 2009, we issued and sold shares of our preferred stock and a warrant to purchase shares of our common stock to the U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “U.S. Treasury”) as part of the Capital Purchase Program for approximately $1.2 billion in cash. Net income available to common stockholders was reduced by dividends on preferred stock of $13 million and discount accretion of $3 million recorded in the second quarter of 2009 related to this preferred stock issuance. See “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—U.S. Treasury Capital Purchase Program” below for more information.

Direct-to-consumer deposits and deposit products offered through affinity relationships increased by $1 billion since the end of the first quarter of 2009. At the end of the second quarter, our liquidity reserve, consisting of cash and cash equivalents, was $9.0 billion, up $0.7 billion from the end of the first quarter of 2009.

Our operating expenses were $561 million in the second quarter of 2009 and $1.1 billion in the first half of 2009, down $46 million from the second quarter of 2008 and down $89 million from the first half of 2008. The decline is attributed to our expense management efforts, which are primarily driven by reductions in marketing and compensation costs. The second quarter of 2009 also includes $20 million of expense related to a reduction in force during the second quarter of 2009. Additionally, expenses related to Diners Club, which was acquired on June 30, 2008, of $8 million and $16 million are included in the three and six months ended May 31, 2009, respectively.

Our effective tax rate for the second quarter of 2009 was 45.5%. This includes a $23.7 million adjustment to tax expense from the creation of a valuation allowance which reflects the likelihood that the deferred tax asset that was created in connection with the sale of the Goldfish business in March 2008 will not be realized. It also includes an adjustment of $8 million related to nondeductible stock-based compensation. Excluding these adjustments, the tax rate for the three months ended May 31, 2009 would have been 37.9%.

Our Third-Party Payments segment transaction volume was $37 billion in the second quarter of 2009, up 25% from the prior year period, reflecting the addition of Diners Club volume of $6 billion, as well as a 5% increase in volume on the PULSE network.cost containment initiatives.

Outlook

Rising unemployment levels and bankruptcies along with continued declines in theThe general economic environment and rising consumer bankruptcies continue to adversely impact our business. WeAlthough we have seen some promising trends in certain economic indicators, we expect unemployment levels and bankruptcies to rise further in 2009 and, therefore, we remain cautious in our outlook on consumer credit. Additionally, recently enacted credit card legislation will have a significant impact on our business. See “—Legislative and Regulatory Developments” and “Part II. Other Information—Item 1A. Risk Factors” below for a further discussion.

In the first half of 2009, we have seen a decline in payment rates,We continue to see lower consumer spending higher delinquencies and increased charge-offs as customers are experiencing the effects of high unemployment rates and a generalreduction in the availability of consumer credit generally as a result of the downturn in the economy. Our underwriting and portfolio management strategies are designed to minimize our

exposure to credit losses. However, weWe anticipate the continued challenges in the U.S. economic environment will lead to higher delinquenciesresult in an increase in charge-offs and charge-offs during the remainder of 2009. In response, we have increased our reserve rate and allowance for loan losses which we expect will continue to increase throughoutfor the remainder of 2009 as conditions warrant.

Looking ahead to 2010, we anticipate that economic conditions will continue to negatively impact our business. Even if unemployment and bankruptcy levels begin to decline, our charge-offs may continue to rise as improvements in charge-offs historically have lagged improvements in underlying credit performance factors such as unemployment.into 2010. Additionally, our results in 2010 will not benefit from the Visa and MasterCard antitrust litigation settlement and will be adversely impacted by the new credit card legislation.

In response to the difficult consumer credit environment, we have modified our loan growth strategiesstrategies. We continue to manage balance transfer activity, and made effortsexpect it to reducebe below prior year volumes in the fourth quarter of 2009 and into 2010. Additionally, we have taken certain actions on new and existing accounts in response to pending legal restrictions on our ability to adjust rates on accounts that may later pose heightened risk. These actions include increasing rates on standard balances for new and existing accounts and converting many accounts with fixed annual percentage rates to variable rates.

Recent management actions, including reducing headcount, have resulted in a decline in our operating expenses. Inexpenses in the first halfthird quarter of 2009, we reduced our2009. We continued to spend cautiously on marketing efforts, particularly related to new accounts and balance transfer offers. Although we expect our marketing expenses to increase in the fourth quarter due to new advertising campaigns for Discover Card and Diners Club, going forward we will continue at thisto focus on sustaining a lower level of marketing throughout the remainder of 2009. We expect balance transfer activityoverall operating expenses compared to be below prior year volumes. We anticipate these developments will contribute to higher yield, lower marketing costs and a reduction inperiods.

During the level of loans. In the second quarter of 2009, we reduced staffing levels, which we expect to result in a reduction in compensation expense going forward.

We are beginning to increaseincreased our liquidity levels in anticipation of $7 billion of maturities of our asset-backed securities and deposits during the remainder of 2009, and approximately $17.6 billion of maturities in 2010. As of May 31, 2009, we had $9.0 billion in our liquidity reserve, primarily consisting of cash and cash equivalents, and $7.4to $10.6 billion, in anticipation of approximately $17.7 billion of equity. Going forward,asset-backed securities and deposit maturities in 2010. We were able to strengthen our liquidity position in the quarter through a sale of common stock, a debt offering and growth in direct-to-consumer deposits. We also completed actions to adjust the credit enhancement structure of the securitization trusts, which had the effect of removing the trusts from negative ratings watch. This allowed us, through the securitization trusts, to re-enter the public securitization market in July and September 2009 with $1.5 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively, of issuances of asset-backed securities eligible for funding through the TALF program.

While we potentially have access through March 2010 to an additional $10.2 billion of issuances of asset-backed securities through the TALF program, uncertainty over existing FDIC guidance regarding standards for legal isolation of the transferred assets following the change in accounting rules under FASB Statements No. 166 and 167 (defined below) has recently made it difficult or impossible to obtain the required ratings for securities of our securitization trusts to qualify as eligible securities under the TALF program. Therefore, we do not expect our securitization trusts to be able to issue securities under the TALF program until this uncertainty is resolved. Further,

the TALF program ends in March 2010 and there is no certainty that a non-government guaranteed market for the sale of our asset-backed securities will subsequently develop. See “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Securitization Financing” for further discussion. Therefore, we will continue to emphasize our direct-to-consumer deposits and deposit products offered through affinity relationships, which grew $1$2 billion during the secondthird quarter, of 2009.bringing the total to approximately $10 billion at quarter end. We also plan to continue to use brokered certificates of deposit for intermediate and longer term fundingfunding.

We continue to work to enhance U.S. acceptance awareness among merchants, their employees and our customers while also continuing with our plan to expand international acceptance. In July, the Federal Reserve’s Term Auction Facility programPULSE Network became the global ATM network for our shorter-term needs. During the second quarter of 2009, our equity grew $1.4 billion, primarily as a result of our participationDiners Club International cards. To further expand merchant acceptance in Western Europe and India, we have signed acquiring agreements with Elavon, Six MultiPay and Venture Infotek. Beginning in October, inbound Diners Club International volume in the U.S. Treasury Capital Purchase Program.will begin to shift to the Discover Network, which we expect to result in higher transaction volumes on the Network. We are also reduced our common stock dividend from $.06 per share to $.02 per share in the first quarter of 2009making progress on international acceptance for Discover cardmembers and, maintained a $.02 per share dividend in the second quarter of 2009, which has preserved approximately $20 million of capital per quarter.

On June 17, 2009, we announced certain actions that are planned in order to adjust the credit enhancement structure of all of the outstanding asset-backed securities issued by the Discover Card Master Trust I (“DCMT”) and the Discover Card Execution Note Trust (“DCENT”) to address rating agency concerns and the recent decline in excess spread. These actions are expected to increase our risk-weighted assets and thereby increase our regulatory capital requirements. Historically, securitization has been an important part of our funding strategy for the business and we believe these actions will facilitate our return to those markets. Discover Bank, DCMT and DCENT filed a prospectus supplement and prospectus with the SEC on June 29, 2009, relating to an offering of DCENT Class A(2009-1) Notes that are expected to be eligible for funding under the TALF program. Pursuant to a pricing term sheet filed by Discover Bank, DCMT and DCENT on July 1, 2009, the DCENT Class A(2009-1) Notes are expected to be issued in the amount of $1.5 billion with a three-year term. The DCENT Class A(2009-1) Notes are expected to be issued on July 14, 2009, subject to satisfaction of all closing conditions, including those arising under the TALF program. For additional information, see “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Funding Sources—Securitization Financing” and “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

Our Third-Party Payments segment continued to experience growth in transaction volume, revenues and pretax income in the first half of 2009. Diners Club contributed $12.5 billion of the total $72 billion in transaction volume, resulting in higher revenues, and had operating expenses of $16 million for the six months ended May 31, 2009. During the remainderend of 2009, we do not expect revenuesthat merchants in over 50 countries will be enabled to beaccept Discover cards. This will increase our opportunity to achieve higher volumes as high on a quarterly basis as Diners Club’s volume-based pricing system results in higher revenues at the beginning of the calendar year. Additionally, we expect expenses in this segment will rise throughout the rest of the year as weinternational acceptance and acceptance awareness continue to invest in the integration of Diners Club with our other networks.grow.

Accounting Treatment for Off-Balance Sheet Securitizations

In June 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 166,Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets-an amendment of FASB Statement

No. 140(“Statement No. 166”) and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 167,Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R)(“Statement No. 167”). Statement No. 166 amends the accounting for transfers of financial assets and will impact the accounting for our credit card asset securitization activities. Under Statement No. 166, the DCMT and DCENT (the “trusts”)trusts used in our securitization transactions will no longer be exempt from consolidation. Statement No. 167 prescribes an ongoing assessment of our involvementsinvolvement in the activities of the trusts and our rights or obligations to receive benefits or absorb losses of the trusts that could be potentially significant in order to determine whether those entities will be required to be consolidated on our financial statements. The assessment under Statement No. 167 will result in the consolidation of the trusts by us. As a result, credit card receivables held by the securitization trusts and debt issued from those entities will be presented as assets and liabilities of the Company beginning on the effective date of the new standards. The two standards become effective for us on December 1, 2009. Initial adoption is expected to have a material impact on our reported financial condition. If the trusts were consolidated using the carrying amounts of trust assets and liabilities as of MayAugust 31, 2009, this would result in an increase in total assets of approximately $21.1 billion and an increase in total liabilities of approximately $22.3$22.4 billion on our balance sheet, with the difference of approximately $1.2$1.3 billion recorded as a charge to retained earnings, net of tax. In addition, certain interests in the trust assets currently reflected on our balance sheet will be reclassified, primarily to loan receivables, cash and cash equivalents and accrued interest receivable. After adoption, our results of operations will no longer reflect securitization income, but will instead report interest income, and provisions for loan losses and certain other income associated with all managed loan receivables and interest expense associated withinclusive of interest on debt issued from the trusts. Because our securitization transactions will be accounted for under the new accounting standards as secured borrowings rather than asset sales, the presentation of cash flows from these transactions will be presented as cash flows from financing activities rather than cash flows from investing activities.

AsIn the third quarter of 2009, we took certain actions to adjust the credit enhancement structure of the trusts as described in “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Funding Sources—Securitization Financing” below, we are taking certain actions to adjust the credit enhancement structure of the securitization trusts.below. These actions will have the effect of causing the assets of the trusts to be included in our risk-weighted assets for regulatory capital purposes effective on the date of the first such action, which is expected to be July 2, 2009. As a result, the consolidation of the trusts under Statement No. 167 on December 1, 2009 will have a lesser impact on our regulatory capital calculations than would have otherwise been the case, because much of this effect will havehas already been reflected previously as a result of the trust actions. If we are unable to complete any of the proposed trust actions, then the inclusion of the trust assets in our risk-weighted assets for regulatory capital purposes would not occur until December 1, 2009, the effective date of Statements No. 166 and 167 for us. In either case,However, the charge to retained earnings that we expect as a result of adopting Statement No. 167 will further reduce our regulatory capital ratios. See “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors” for a further discussion.

On December 15, 2008, FASB Staff Position FAS 140-4 and FIN 46(R)-8,Disclosures by Public Entities(Enterprises) about Transfers of Financial Assets and Interests in Variable Interest Entities (“FSP FAS 140-4 and FIN 46(R)-8”) was issued. This staff position requires additional disclosures forinformation related to securitization activities to be disclosed in advance of the effective date of these amendments. See Note 5: Credit Card Securitization Activities in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements” for the required disclosures.

Legislative and Regulatory Developments

Legislation Addressing Credit Card Practices

On May 22, 2009, the Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009 (the “CARD Act”) was enacted. The CARD Act makes numerous changes to the Truth in Lending Act, affecting the marketing, underwriting, pricing, billing and other aspects of the consumer credit card business. Most of the requirements of the CARD Act become effective in February 2010. However, several provisions will be effectiveSeveral took effect in August 2009. TheOn September 24, 2009, the House Financial Services Committee Chairman proposed legislation to accelerate the effective date of all of the CARD Act modifies and expands upon the amendmentsprovisions to Regulations AA and Z adopted byDecember 1, 2009. Compliance with this requirement would be extremely difficult, particularly because the Federal ReserveReserve’s implementing rules have not been finalized, and some implementing regulations have not yet been proposed. No similar proposal has been introduced in December 2008, which imposed limitations on certain credit card practices and mandated increased disclosures to consumers. For example,the Senate. Prospects for a change in the compliance date are unclear.

Among the CARD Act:Act’s requirements are the following:

 

Prohibits interest rate increases on outstanding balances except under limited circumstances;

Prohibits interest rate increases on new balances during the first year an account is opened except under limited circumstances;

 

Requires allocation of payments in excess of the required minimum payment to balances with the highest annual percentage rate (“APR”) before balances with a lower APR (for accounts with different APRs on different balances);

 

Restricts imposition of a default APR on existing balances unless an account is 60 days past due and requires that the increased APR resulting from a default be reduced if payments are timely made for six months;

 

Generally requires 45 days’ advance notice be provided prior to increasing any APR (as permitted by the CARD Act) or other significant changes to account terms. The notice must include a statement of the cardholder’s right to cancel the account prior to the effective date of the change;

 

Prohibits the use of the two-cycle average daily balance method of calculating interest and prohibits the assessment of interest on any portion of a balance that is repaid within the grace period;

 

Requires penalty fees (e.g., late fees and over-limit fees) to be “reasonable” and “proportionate” to the consumer’s violation of the account terms;

 

Prohibits card issuers from imposing over-limit fees unless the cardholder has expressly opted-in to the issuer authorizing such over-limit transactions and imposes other limits on such fees;

 

Requires card issuers to review accounts at least every six months when an APR has been increased to determine whether the APR should be reduced;

 

Prohibits issuance of a credit card to a consumer under the age of 21 unless there is a co-signer over the age of 21 or the issuer verifies the consumer has an independent means to repay; and

 

Requires new billing statement disclosures, such as the length of time and cost of paying down the account balances if only minimum payments are made.

A number of the CARD Act’s requirements reflect our existing practices and will not require modifications of policies or procedures. However, other provisions, such as those addressing limitations on interest rate

increases, over-limit fees and payment allocation, require us to make fundamental changes to our current business practices. See “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors.”practices and systems. For example, we have informed cardmembers that as of certain specified dates we will no longer charge over-limit fees, impose fees for payments made over the telephone, or change interest rates on existing balances when a customer’s payments are late. Restrictions on risk management practices that have been commonplace in the industry may requirehave compelled us, and our competitors, to manage risk through more restrictive underwriting and credit line management, reduce promotional offers, increase annual percentage rates and introduce new or higher fees.

Full implementation of the CARD Act requires the promulgation of regulations by the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve has issued proposed regulations implementing the majority of the provisions for public comment. The final regulations may differ from these proposed regulations. We are making changes that the CARD Act requires to be implemented in a relatively short timeframe. Other changes must await final regulatory guidance from the Federal Reserve. We are evaluating appropriate modifications to products, revenue generation, marketing strategies and other business practices that will be in compliance with the law, will be attractive to consumers and will provide a good return for our stockholders. The full impact of the CARD Act on us is unknown at this time as it ultimately depends upon Federal Reserve interpretation of some of the provisions, successful implementation of our strategies, consumer behavior, and the actions of our competitors.

The CARD Act requires the Federal Reserve and the Government Accountability Office to conduct various studies, including studies regarding interchange fees, reasons for credit limit reductions and rate increases, “small business” cards, and credit card terms and disclosures. Based on the results of these studies, new requirements that negatively impact us may be introduced as future legislation or regulation.

Other Credit Card and Student Loan Legislation

As Congress considered the CARD Act, numerous amendments were filed to make changes to the bill. Although many of the amendments were not approved, supporters indicated an interest in seeing them considered

in the future.may also consider other legislation affecting our business. Examples include a prohibition on changing the terms of credit card agreements prior to the enactment of the new law, ceilingsceiling on the rate of interest that can be charged on credit cards, restrictions on interchange fees established by the dominant credit card networks, authority for merchants to provide discounts to customers who use certain types of credit or debit cards, and extending the provisions of the CARD Act to business cards. While these could

We currently offer both federal and private student loans. On September 17, 2009, the House of Representatives passed the Student Aid and Fiscal Responsibility Act (“SAFRA”), which is currently under consideration in the Senate. If passed in its current form, SAFRA would require all federal student loans to be made directly by the federal government starting July 1, 2010, rather than by private institutions through the Federal Family Education Loan Program. Because SAFRA allows financial institutions to continue offering private student loans, we do not expect SAFRA to have a negativean impact on us, it is unclear whether these or other credit card legislation will be considered by the current Congress.our ability to continue offering private student loans.

Bankruptcy Legislation

The Senate Judiciary Committee is considering legislation that would disallow claims in Chapter 7 bankruptcy based on “high cost” consumer debt and exclude consumers with such debt from the bankruptcy “means test.” The means test requires debtors who can afford to repay a portion of their debts through Chapter 13 repayment plan do so, rather than discharge all indebtedness under Chapter 7. The proposed legislation, if enacted, could increase the percentage of bankruptcy filers who obtain full debt discharges to the detriment of all unsecured lenders, and could result in increased charge-offs of our loan receivables. It is unclear whether this legislation will be enacted by Congress.

Congress is also considering legislation to allow bankruptcy courts to restructure first mortgage loans (e.g., by reducing the loan amount to the value of the collateral, a process referred to as “cramdown”). This change is likely to increase the number of individuals who file for bankruptcy, which would adversely impact all creditors including Discover. While the House of Representatives has approved a cramdown bill, it has garnered significant opposition in the Senate and prospects for enactment are unclear.

Financial Regulatory Reform

On June 17, 2009, the Administration released a broad and complex plan for financial regulatory reform that would restructure the current regulatory system, significantly increasing supervision and regulation of financial firms, services and markets. The plan would create a new Financial Services Oversight Council, chaired by the U.S. Treasury and including the heads of the principal federal financial regulators as members, to identify systemic risks and improve interagency cooperation. The plan would strengthen capital and other prudential standards for all banks and bank holding companies and require all financial holding companies to be “well-capitalized” and “well-managed” on a consolidated basis. The plan also proposes the establishment of a new independent agency, the Consumer Financial Protection Agency (“CFPA”), which would regulate consumer financial services and products, such as credit, savings and payment products. The CFPA would have sole rulemaking and interpretive authority under existing and future consumer financial services laws and supervisory, examination and enforcement authority over all institutions subject to its regulations. The CFPA’s rules would serve as a floor allowing states to adopt and enforce stricter laws for institutions of all types, regardless of charter, and to enforce these laws, as well as regulations of the CFPA. The plan would also strengthen the supervision and regulation of securitization markets. It would require loan originators to retain a portion of the credit risk of securitized exposures and increase reporting by asset-backed securities issuers. Although

Some of the Administration’s proposals have been introduced in legislative form in Congress with substantial amendments and revisions. The President has urged Congress to enact these reforms into law by year end. The legislation remains controversial and many obstacles to achieving that goal is to have the proposed plan legislated before the end of the year, implementation could take longer based on the complexity and controversial nature of the proposals. Modifications to the proposals are likely, and the final legislation may differ significantly from the plan.exist.

Treasury Rules Governing Compensation for Troubled Asset Relief Program Participants

On June 10, 2009, the U.S. Treasury issued interim final rules implementing the compensation and corporate governance requirements under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, which amended the requirements of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, as described in our quarterly report for the quarter ended February 28, 2009. The rules apply to us as a recipient of funds under the U.S. Treasury Capital Purchase Program as of the date of publication in the Federal Register on June 15, 2009, but are2009. These rules were subject to a public comment until August 14, 2009.period which has expired, but no final rule has been adopted. The rules clarify prohibitions on bonus payments, provide guidance on the use of restricted stock units, expand restrictions on golden parachute payments, mandate enforcement of clawback provisions unless unreasonable to do so, outline the steps compensation committees must take when evaluating risks posed by compensation arrangements, and require the adoption and disclosure of a luxury expenditure policy, among other things. New requirements under the rules include enhanced disclosure of perquisites and the use of compensation consultants, and a prohibition on tax gross-up payments.

The remaining discussion provides a summary of our results of operations for the three and six months ended May 31, 2009 and May 31, 2008, as well as our financial condition at May 31, 2009 and November 30, 2008. All information and comparisons are based solely on continuing operations.* * *

Segments

We manage our business activities in two segments: U.S. Card and Third-Party Payments. In compiling the segment results that follow, the U.S. Card segment bears all overhead costs that are not specifically associated with a particular segment and all costs associated with Discover Network marketing, servicing and infrastructure, with the exception of an allocation of direct and incremental costs driven by the Third-Party Payments segment.

U.S. Card. The U.S. Card segment includes Discover Card-branded credit cards issued to individuals and small businesses on the Discover Network and other consumer products and services, including personal loans, student loans, prepaid cards and other consumer lending and deposit products offered through our Discover Bank subsidiary.

Third-Party Payments. The Third-Party Payments segment includes the PULSE Network (“PULSE”), an automated teller machine, debit and electronic funds transfer network; Diners Club International (“Diners Club”), a global payments network; and our third-party issuing business, which includes credit, debit and prepaid cards issued on the Discover Network by third parties.

The following table presents segment data on a managed basis and a reconciliation to a GAAP presentation (dollars in thousands):

 

 Managed Basis   GAAP Basis  Managed Basis    GAAP Basis

For the Three Months Ended

 U.S. Card Third-Party
Payments(1)
 Total Securitization
Adjustment(2)
 Total  U.S. Card  Third-Party
Payments(1)
  Total  Securitization
Adjustment(2)
 Total

May 31, 2009

     

August 31, 2009

         

Interest income

 $  1,607,114 $338 $  1,607,452 $(749,468 $857,984  $  1,663,886  $195  $  1,664,081  $(830,864 $833,217

Interest expense

  414,002  61  414,063  (94,058  320,005   392,592   50   392,642   (88,241  304,401
                          

Net interest income

  1,193,112  277  1,193,389  (655,410  537,979   1,271,294   145   1,271,439   (742,623  528,816

Provision for loan losses

  1,111,232  —    1,111,232  (467,371  643,861   924,427   —     924,427   (543,428  380,999

Other income(3)

  834,630  58,451  893,081  188,039    1,081,120   1,055,529   61,236   1,116,765   199,195    1,315,960

Other expense

  528,608  32,020  560,628  —      560,628   489,596   34,242   523,838   —      523,838
                          

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense

 $387,902 $26,708 $414,610 $—     $414,610  $912,800  $27,139  $939,939  $—     $939,939
                          

May 31, 2008

     

August 31, 2008

         

Interest income

 $1,572,164 $533 $1,572,697 $(960,634 $612,063  $1,637,588  $662  $1,638,250  $(956,558 $681,692

Interest expense

  550,629  —    550,629  (237,381  313,248   534,870   17   534,887   (229,244  305,643
                          

Net interest income

  1,021,535  533  1,022,068  (723,253  298,815   1,102,718   645   1,103,363   (727,314  376,049

Provision for loan losses

  581,537  —    581,537  (370,568  210,969   754,028   —     754,028   (389,190  364,838

Other income

  455,074  37,133  492,207  352,685    844,892   482,311   54,686   536,997   338,124    875,121

Other expense

  585,949  20,876  606,825  —      606,825   585,760   26,787   612,547   —      612,547
                          

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense

 $309,123 $16,790 $325,913 $—     $325,913  $245,241  $28,544  $273,785  $—     $273,785
                          

For the Six Months Ended

          

May 31, 2009

     

For the Nine Months Ended

         

August 31, 2009

         

Interest income

 $3,210,476 $825 $3,211,301 $  (1,537,524 $  1,673,777  $4,874,362  $1,020  $4,875,382  $(2,368,388 $  2,506,994

Interest expense

  852,340  140  852,480  (219,755  632,725   1,244,932   190   1,245,122   (307,996  937,126
                          

Net interest income

  2,358,136  685  2,358,821  (1,317,769  1,041,052   3,629,430   830   3,630,260   (2,060,392  1,569,868

Provision for loan losses

  2,444,905  —    2,444,905  (863,231  1,581,674   3,369,332   —     3,369,332   (1,406,659  1,962,673

Other income(3)

  1,697,853  118,685  1,816,538  454,538    2,271,076   2,753,382   179,921   2,933,303   653,733    3,587,036

Other expense

  1,056,015  63,736  1,119,751  —      1,119,751   1,545,611   97,978   1,643,589   —      1,643,589
                          

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense

 $555,069 $55,634 $610,703 $—     $610,703  $1,467,869  $82,773  $1,550,642  $—     $1,550,642
                          

May 31, 2008

     

August 31, 2008

         

Interest income

 $3,224,151 $1,161 $3,225,312 $(1,950,447 $1,274,865  $4,861,739  $1,823  $4,863,562  $(2,907,005 $1,956,557

Interest expense

  1,219,580  2  1,219,582  (566,893  652,689   1,754,450   19   1,754,469   (796,137  958,332
                          

Net interest income

  2,004,571  1,159  2,005,730  (1,383,554  622,176   3,107,289   1,804   3,109,093   (2,110,868  998,225

Provision for loan losses

  1,208,605  —    1,208,605  (692,004  516,601   1,962,633   —     1,962,633   (1,081,194  881,439

Other income

  1,057,485  71,401  1,128,886  691,550    1,820,436   1,539,796   126,087   1,665,883   1,029,674    2,695,557

Other expense

  1,168,925  40,243  1,209,168  —      1,209,168   1,754,685   67,030   1,821,715   —      1,821,715
                          

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense

 $684,526 $32,317 $716,843 $—     $716,843  $929,767  $60,861  $990,628  $—     $990,628
                          

 

(1)Diners Club was acquired on June 30, 2008.
(2)The Securitization Adjustment column presents the effect of loan securitizations by recharacterizing as securitization income the portions of the following items that relate to the securitized loans: interest income, interest expense, provision for loan losses, discount and interchange revenue and loan fee revenues. Securitization income is reported in other income.
(3)The three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009 includes $473$472 million and $948 million,$1.4 billion, respectively, of income related to the Visa and MasterCard antitrust litigation settlement, which is included in the U.S Card segment. See “Part II. Other Information—Item 1. Legal Proceedings.”

The following tables present information on transaction volume (amounts in thousands):

 

   For the Three Months Ended
May 31,
  2009 vs 2008
increase (decrease)
 
   2009  2008  $  % 

Network Transaction Volume

       

PULSE Network

  $29,128,044  $27,830,403  $1,297,641   5

Third-Party Issuers

   1,340,532   1,603,006   (262,474 (16%) 

Diners Club International(1)

   6,240,604   —     6,240,604   100
              

Total Third-Party Payments

   36,709,180   29,433,409   7,275,771   25

Discover Network—Proprietary

   21,972,596   23,621,519   (1,648,923 (7%) 
              

Total Volume

  $58,681,776  $53,054,928  $5,626,848   11
              

Transactions Processed on Networks

       

Discover Network

   366,315   370,596   (4,281 (1%) 

PULSE Network

   762,175   703,404   58,771   8
              

Total

   1,128,490   1,074,000   54,490   5
              

Credit Card Volume

       

Discover Card Volume

  $24,336,751  $25,596,794  $(1,260,043 (5%) 

Discover Card Sales Volume

  $21,494,174  $22,457,651  $(963,477 (4%) 
   For the Six Months Ended
May 31,
  2009 vs 2008
increase (decrease)
 
   2009  2008  $  % 

Network Transaction Volume

       

PULSE Network

  $56,582,217  $52,614,298  $3,967,919   8

Third-Party Issuers

   2,702,978   3,148,949   (445,971 (14%) 

Diners Club International(1)

   12,534,178   —     12,534,178   100
              

Total Third-Party Payments

   71,819,373   55,763,247   16,056,126   29

Discover Network—Proprietary

   44,396,963   47,695,850   (3,298,887 (7%) 
              

Total Volume

  $  116,216,336  $  103,459,097  $  12,757,239   12
              

Transactions Processed on Networks

       

Discover Network

   735,962   749,508   (13,546 (2%) 

PULSE Network

   1,448,702   1,324,476   124,226   9
              

Total

   2,184,664   2,073,984   110,680   5
              

Credit Card Volume

       

Discover Card Volume

  $48,301,328  $51,803,822  $(3,502,494 (7%) 

Discover Card Sales Volume

  $42,787,931  $45,612,904  $(2,824,973 (6%) 

   For the Three Months Ended
August 31,
  2009 vs 2008
increase (decrease)
   2009  2008  $  %

Network Transaction Volume

       

PULSE Network

  $28,051,978  $28,364,575  $(312,597 (1%)

Third-Party Issuers

   1,446,308   1,711,617   (265,309 (16%)

Diners Club International(1)

   6,465,990   5,227,795   1,238,195   24%
              

Total Third-Party Payments

   35,964,276   35,303,987   660,289   2%

Discover Network – Proprietary

   23,579,434   25,117,321   (1,537,887 (6%)
              

Total Volume

  $59,543,710  $60,421,308  $(877,598 (1%)
              

Transactions Processed on Networks

       

Discover Network

   390,643   388,504   2,139   1%

PULSE Network

   753,201   713,791   39,410   6%
              

Total

   1,143,844   1,102,295   41,549   4%
              

Credit Card Volume

       

Discover Card Volume

  $23,955,402  $28,611,680  $(4,656,278 (16%)

Discover Card Sales Volume

  $22,768,927  $24,601,611  $(1,832,684 (7%)
   For the Nine Months Ended
August 31,
  2009 vs 2008
increase (decrease)
   2009  2008  $  %

Network Transaction Volume

       

PULSE Network

  $84,634,195  $80,978,873  $3,655,322   5%

Third-Party Issuers

   4,149,286   4,860,566   (711,280 (15%)

Diners Club International(1)

   19,000,168   5,227,795   13,772,373   NM
              

Total Third-Party Payments

   107,783,649   91,067,234   16,716,415   18%

Discover Network – Proprietary

   67,976,397   72,813,171   (4,836,774 (7%)
              

Total Volume

  $  175,760,046  $  163,880,405  $  11,879,641   7%
              

Transactions Processed on Networks

       

Discover Network

   1,126,605   1,138,012   (11,407 (1%)

PULSE Network

   2,201,903   2,038,267   163,636   8%
              

Total

   3,328,508   3,176,279   152,229   5%
              

Credit Card Volume

       

Discover Card Volume

  $72,256,730  $80,415,502  $(8,158,772 (10%)

Discover Card Sales Volume

  $65,556,858  $70,214,515  $(4,657,657 (7%)

(1)Diners Club was acquired on June 30, 2008.

The segment discussions that follow for the three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009 and 2008 are on a managed basis.

U.S. Card

The U.S. Card segment reported pretax income of $387.9$912.8 million for the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, up 25% as compared to May$245.2 million for the three months ended August 31, 2008. The increase in pretax income was driven principally by $472.2 million in pretax income related to the Visa and MasterCard antitrust litigation settlement, higher net interest income as a result of higher interest rate spread, and lower

operating expenses, partially offset by higher provision for loan losses due to higher net charge-offs and a higher reserve rate. Net interest income increased $171.6$168.6 million, or 17%15%, for the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2009 compared to MayAugust 31, 2008, as we benefited from lower costdue to the impact of funds, the accretion of balance transfer fees previously recorded in loan fee income,higher interest rates on standard balances and a substantial reduction in promotional rate balances, partially offset by higher average level of loan receivables. Partially offsetting this was a charge in the second quarter of 2009 related to an industry-wide FDIC special assessment, which for Discover was $16 million and which had the effect of reducing interest rate spread by 20 basis points.charge-offs. Provision for loan losses increased $529.7$170.4 million, or 91%23%, in third quarter 2009 compared to third quarter 2008, as a result of higher net charge-offs, and a higher reserve rate, each of which is reflective of current economic conditionsthe continued rise in consumer bankruptcies and recent delinquency trends, as well as ownedunemployment, partially offset by a reduction in loan growthloss reserves due to maturing securitizations.the decline in on-balance sheet loans as a result of securitization activities. By comparison, during the third quarter 2008 there was an increase in loan loss reserves. Other income increased $379.6$573.2 million or 83%, due to $472.8$472.2 million of income related to the Visa and MasterCard antitrust litigation settlement partially offset byand a write-down$68.9 million favorable revaluation of the interest-only strip receivable lower loan fee revenue andas compared to a decline$33.5 million unfavorable revaluation in merchant fee revenue reflecting lower sales volume. Furthermore, other income for the second quarter of 2008 includes a $31 million impairment charge related to an investment.prior year period. Other expense decreased $57.3$96.2 million, or 10%16%, primarily due to lower marketing spendingreflecting a focus on expense reduction through actions such as reducing employee headcount and a decrease in compensation, offset by a $20 million one-time expense related to a reduction in force.temporarily decreasing new account acquisition costs.

The U.S. Card segment reported pretax income of $555.1 million$1.5 billion for the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, down 19% as compared toup 58% from the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2008. The decreaseincrease in pretax income was driven by higher provision for loan losses, which was partially offset by$1.4 billion of income from the Visa and MasterCard antitrust litigation settlement, and increased net interest income. Provision for loan losses increased $1.2 billion, or 102%, as a result ofincome and lower operating expenses, partially offset by higher charge-offs and a higher reserve rate. The increase in provision for loan losses is reflective of the current credit environment and recent delinquency trends.losses. Net interest income increased $353.6$522.1 million, or 18%17%, for the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009 compared to May 31,the same period in 2008, as we benefited from lower cost of funds and a higher level of loan receivables. Provision for loan losses increased $1.4 billion, or 72%, as a result of higher charge-offs and a higher reserve rate, reflective of the current economic environment.

The managed loan balance of $51.0$50.9 billion at MayAugust 31, 2009 was up 7%relatively unchanged from MayAugust 31, 2008. This increase in managed loans is attributable to2008 as lower cardmember payments and growth in our installmentboth student and personal loans were largely offset by a decrease in credit card sales volume as a result of lower gasoline prices and a decrease in overall spending. This increase was also offset bysubstantially lower balance transfer activity and higher charge-offs.sales volume. Rising unemployment and bankruptcy levels adversely impacted cardmember delinquencies and charge-offs, resulting in a 5.08%5.10% managed over 30 days delinquency rate for the segment, including non-credit card loans.loans, up from 3.85% at August 31, 2008. For the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, the managed segment and credit card net charge-off rates were 7.79%8.39% and 7.99 %,8.63%, respectively, up 280319 and 294335 basis points, respectively, from the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2008. For the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, the managed segment and credit card net charge-off rates were 7.14%7.56% and 7.30%7.74%, respectively, up 248272 and 260284 basis points, respectively, from the comparable prior year period.

Third-Party Payments

Transaction volumes, revenues and pretax incomeexpenses in the Third-Party Payments segment grew significantly in the secondthird quarter of 2009 from the secondthird quarter in 2008, primarily as a result of our acquisitionthe inclusion of an additional month of Diners Club results in third quarter 2009 as compared to third quarter 2008, as we acquired Diners Club on June 30, 2008. Transaction volume of $35.9 billion and $107.8 billion during the three and nine months ended August 31, 2009, respectively, was up $0.6 billion and $16.7 billion from the three and nine months ended August 31, 2008, respectively. Higher transaction volumes in the three months ended August 31, 2009 were largely driven by the inclusion of an additional month of Diners Club transaction volume in the third quarter of 2008. Transaction2009 as compared to

third quarter 2008, offset by lower sales volume of $36.7 billionfrom third-party issuers and a 1% decline in the second quarter ofPULSE volumes. The nine months ended August 31, 2009 and $71.8 billion in the first half of 2009 was up $7.3 billionalso benefited from the second quarter of 2008 and up $16.1 billion from the first half of 2008. Higher transaction volumes were largely driven by the inclusion of Diners Club transaction volume in addition to higher activity from new and existing financial institutions on the PULSE network, partially offset by lower third-party issuer volume as a result of lower gasoline prices and lower overall spending.

These higher volumes drove increases in revenues, which were $58.7$61.4 million and $119.4$180.8 million for the three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, respectively, up $21.1$6.1 million and $46.8$52.9 million, respectively, from the three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2008. Higher revenues in both periodsthe three and nine months ended August 31, 2009 were driven by the inclusion of an additional month of Diners Club revenues in the third quarter 2009 as well ascompared to third quarter 2008. Higher revenues in the nine months ended August 31, 2009 were also driven by higher PULSE transaction volume and higher fee income allocated to the Third-Party Payments segment. The sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2008, also included a $3$5.2 million in revenue related to two separate one-time contractual payment that we received. Higherpayments. Operating expenses in bothwere $34.2 million and $98.0 million for the three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, respectively, up 28% and 46%, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended August 31, 2008. Both increases were driven by the inclusion of Diners Club in addition to expenses related to the expansion of ATM access globally.international marketing expenses.

GAAP to Managed Data Reconciliation

Our senior management evaluates business performance and allocates resources using financial data that is presented on a managed basis. Securitized loans against which beneficial interests have been issued to third parties are removed from our GAAP statements of financial condition. Instances in which we retaina wholly-owned subsidiary of Discover Bank acquires certificated beneficial interests in the securitization transactions result in a reduction to loan receivables of the amount of the retained interest and a corresponding increase in available-for-sale investment securities. The portions of interest income, provision for loan losses and certain components of other income related to the securitized loans against which beneficial interests have been issued are no longer recorded in our GAAP statements of income; however, they remain significant factors in determining the securitization income we receive on our retained beneficial interests in those transactions. We do not establish an allowance for loan losses on our securitized loans, although a factor for uncollectibility is incorporated into the initial gain on sale of securitized loans.

The managed basis presentation generally reverses the effects of securitization transactions; however, there are certain assets that arise from securitization transactions that are not reversed. Specifically, these assets are the cash collateral accounts that provide credit enhancement to the investors in thecertain transactions and cardmember payments allocated to the securitized loans, both of which are held at the trusts. These assets also include the interest-only strip receivable, which reflects the estimated fair value of the excess cash flows allocated to securitized loans and retained certificated beneficial interests. Income derived from these assets representing interest earned on accounts at the trusts, changes in the fair value of the interest-only strip receivable, and interest income on investment securities also are not reversed in a managed presentation.

Managed loan data is relevant because we service the securitized and owned loans, and the related accounts, in the same manner without regard to ownership of the loans. Management believes it is useful for investors to consider the credit performance of the entire managed loan portfolio to understand the quality of loan originations and the related credit risks inherent in the owned portfolio and retained interests in securitizations. Loan receivables on a GAAP (or owned) basis and related performance measures, including yield, charge-offs and delinquencies can vary from those presented on a managed basis. Generally, loan receivables included in the securitization trusts are derived from accounts that are more seasoned, while owned loan receivables represent a greater concentration of newer accounts. The seasoning of an account is measured by the age of the account relationship. In comparison to more seasoned accounts, loan receivables of newer accounts typically have lower charge-offs and delinquencies and carry lower interest yields resulting from introductory offers to new cardmembers, and lower charge-offs and delinquencies.though such offers have been substantially reduced in recent periods.

Financial measures using managed data are non-GAAP financial measures. Beginning with “—Earnings Summary,” the discussion of our results of operations and financial condition is on a GAAP basis. The following table provides a reconciliation of the loan receivables and related statistics that are impacted by asset securitization, and which are shown on a managed basis in this quarterly report, to the most directly comparable GAAP-basis financial measure:

Reconciliation of GAAP to Managed Data

 

  For the Three Months Ended
May 31,
 For the Six Months Ended
May 31,
   For the Three Months Ended
August 31,
 For the Nine Months Ended
August 31,
 
  2009 2008 2009 2008   2009 2008 2009 2008 
  (dollars in thousands)   (dollars in thousands) 

Loan Receivables

          

Total Loans

          

GAAP Basis

  $  27,441,514   $  20,502,063   $  27,441,514   $  20,502,063    $  25,489,809  $  21,767,483   $  25,489,809  $  21,767,483  

Securitization Adjustment

   23,590,868    27,339,428    23,590,868    27,339,428     25,414,036    28,659,822    25,414,036    28,659,822  
                          

Managed Basis

  $51,032,382   $47,841,491   $51,032,382   $47,841,491    $50,903,845   $50,427,305   $50,903,845   $50,427,305  
                          

Average Total Loans

          

GAAP Basis

  $28,257,484   $19,890,330   $27,998,194   $20,702,505    $26,380,203   $21,053,804   $27,454,927   $20,820,031  

Securitization Adjustment

   22,875,277    27,581,747    23,503,015    27,461,315     24,590,853    27,965,279    23,868,274    27,629,914  
                          

Managed Basis

  $51,132,761   $47,472,077   $51,501,209   $48,163,820    $50,971,056   $49,019,083   $51,323,201   $48,449,945  
                          

Interest Yield

          

GAAP Basis

   11.54  10.40  11.39  10.37   12.10  11.41  11.62  10.72

Securitization Adjustment

   13.00  13.86  13.12  14.21   13.40  13.61  13.22  14.00

Managed Basis

   12.19  12.41  12.18  12.56   12.73  12.67  12.36  12.59

Net Principal Charge-off Rate

          

GAAP Basis

   7.53  4.49  6.95  4.15   8.05  4.76  7.30  4.36

Securitization Adjustment

   8.11  5.34  7.37  5.04   8.77  5.54  7.85  5.21

Managed Basis

   7.79  4.99  7.14  4.66   8.39  5.20  7.56  4.84

Delinquency Rate (over 30 days)

          

GAAP Basis

   4.87  3.54  4.87  3.54   4.86  3.58  4.86  3.58

Securitization Adjustment

   5.32  4.01  5.32  4.01   5.35  4.06  5.35  4.06

Managed Basis

   5.08  3.81  5.08  3.81   5.10  3.85  5.10  3.85

Delinquency Rate (over 90 days)

          

GAAP Basis

   2.60  1.81  2.60  1.81   2.46  1.73  2.46  1.73

Securitization Adjustment

   2.88  2.07  2.88  2.07   2.74  2.00  2.74  2.00

Managed Basis

   2.73  1.96  2.73  1.96   2.60  1.88  2.60  1.88

Credit Card Loans

     

Credit Card Loans

     

GAAP Basis

  $22,721,603   $20,688,685   $22,721,603   $20,688,685  

Securitization Adjustment

   25,414,036    28,659,822    25,414,036    28,659,822  
             

Managed Basis

  $48,135,639   $49,348,507   $48,135,639   $49,348,507  
             

Average Credit Card Loans

     

GAAP Basis

  $24,051,037   $20,202,845   $25,459,830   $20,205,528  

Securitization Adjustment

   24,590,853    27,965,279    23,868,274    27,629,914  
             

Managed Basis

  $48,641,890   $48,168,124   $49,328,104   $47,835,442  
             

  For the Three Months Ended
May 31,
 For the Six Months Ended
May 31,
   For the Three Months Ended
August 31,
 For the Nine Months Ended
August 31,
 
  2009 2008 2009 2008 
  (dollars in thousands) 

Credit Card Loans

     

Credit Card Loans

     

GAAP Basis

  $25,312,764   $19,785,414   $25,312,764   $19,785,414  

Securitization Adjustment

   23,590,868    27,339,428    23,590,868    27,339,428  
             

Managed Basis

  $48,903,632   $47,124,842   $48,903,632   $47,124,842  
             

Average Credit Card Loans

     

GAAP Basis

  $26,233,044   $19,275,733   $26,171,967   $20,206,876  

Securitization Adjustment

   22,875,277    27,581,747    23,503,015    27,461,315  
             

Managed Basis

  $49,108,321   $46,857,480   $49,674,982   $47,668,191  
               2009 2008 2009 2008 
  (dollars in thousands) 

Interest Yield

          

GAAP Basis

   11.81  10.40  11.61  10.37  12.56 11.45 11.91 10.73

Securitization Adjustment

   13.00  13.86  13.12  14.21  13.40 13.61 13.22 14.00

Managed Basis

   12.37  12.43  12.32  12.58  12.99 12.70 12.54 12.62

Net Principal Charge-off Rate

          

GAAP Basis

   7.88  4.63  7.24  4.25  8.48 4.92 7.63 4.47

Securitization Adjustment

   8.11  5.34  7.37  5.04  8.77 5.54 7.85 5.21

Managed Basis

   7.99  5.05  7.30  4.70  8.63 5.28 7.74 4.90

Delinquency Rate (over 30 days)

          

GAAP Basis

   5.15  3.63  5.15  3.63  5.27 3.72 5.27 3.72

Securitization Adjustment

   5.32  4.01  5.32  4.01  5.35 4.06 5.35 4.06

Managed Basis

   5.23  3.85  5.23  3.85  5.31 3.92 5.31 3.92

Delinquency Rate (over 90 days)

          

GAAP Basis

   2.77  1.87  2.77  1.87  2.70 1.81 2.70 1.81

Securitization Adjustment

   2.88  2.07  2.88  2.07  2.74 2.00 2.74 2.00

Managed Basis

   2.82  1.99  2.82  1.99  2.72 1.92 2.72 1.92

Critical Accounting Estimates

In preparing our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management must make judgments and use estimates and assumptions about the effects of matters that are uncertain. For estimates that involve a high degree of judgment and subjectivity, it is possible that different estimates could reasonably be derived for the same period. For estimates that are particularly sensitive to changes in economic or market conditions, significant changes to the estimated amount from period to period are also possible. Management believes the current assumptions and other considerations used to estimate amounts reflected in our consolidated financial statements are appropriate. However, if actual experience differs from the assumptions and other considerations used in estimating amounts in our consolidated financial statements, the resulting changes could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations and, in certain cases, could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition. Management has identified the estimates related to allowance for loan losses, our interest-only strip receivable, the valuation of certain certificated retained interests in DCENT,Discover Card Execution Note Trust (“DCENT”), the accrual of cardmember rewards cost, the evaluation of goodwill and other nonamortizable intangible assets for potential impairment and the accrual of income taxes as critical accounting estimates.

These critical accounting estimates are discussed in greater detail in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2008. That discussion can be found within Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations under the heading Critical Accounting Policies. There have not been any material changes in the methods used to formulate these critical accounting estimates from those discussed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2008.

Earnings Summary

The following table outlines changes in the consolidated statements of income for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

 

 For the Three
Months Ended

May 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
 For the Six
Months Ended

May 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
  For the Three
Months Ended
August 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
 For the Nine
Months Ended
August 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
 
 2009 2008 $ % 2009 2008 $ %  2009 2008 $ % 2009 2008 $ % 

Interest income

 $857,984   $612,063 $245,921   40 $  1,673,777   $  1,274,865 $398,912   31 $833,217 $  681,692 $  151,525   22 $  2,506,994  $  1,956,557 $550,437   28

Interest expense

  320,005    313,248  6,757   2  632,725    652,689  (19,964 (3%)   304,401  305,643  (1,242 0  937,126    958,332  (21,206 (2%) 
                                   

Net interest income

  537,979    298,815  239,164   80  1,041,052    622,176  418,876   67  528,816  376,049  152,767   41  1,569,868    998,225  571,643   57

Provision for loan losses

  643,861    210,969    432,892   NM    1,581,674    516,601    1,065,073   NM    380,999  364,838  16,161   4  1,962,673    881,439  1,081,234   123
                                   

Net interest income after provision for loan losses

  (105,882  87,846  (193,728 NM    (540,622  105,575  (646,197 NM    147,817  11,211  136,606   NM    (392,805  116,786  (509,591 NM  

Other income

  1,081,120    844,892  236,228   28  2,271,076    1,820,436  450,640   25  1,315,960  875,121  440,839   50  3,587,036    2,695,557  891,479   33

Other expense

  560,628    606,825  (46,197 (8%)   1,119,751    1,209,168  (89,417 (7%)   523,838  612,547  (88,709 (14%)   1,643,589    1,821,715  (178,126 (10%) 
                                   

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense

  414,610    325,913  88,697   27  610,703    716,843  (106,140 (15%)   939,939  273,785  666,154   NM    1,550,642    990,628  560,014   57

Income tax expense

  188,810    124,370  64,440   52  264,509    276,471  (11,962 (4%)   362,485  94,885  267,600   NM    626,994    371,356  255,638   69
                                   

Income from continuing operations

 $225,800   $  201,543 $24,257   12 $346,194   $440,372 $(94,178 (21%)  $577,454 $178,900 $398,554   NM   $923,648   $619,272 $304,376   49
                                   

Income from continuing operations for the three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009 was $225.8$577.5 million and $346.2 million.$923.6 million, respectively. Income from continuing operations was influenced by loan growth, an increase in the reserve rate, income from the Visa and MasterCard antitrust settlement and lower operating expenses. These factors, as well as other factors impacting our results, are discussed further below and in “—Key Highlights” above.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income represents the difference between interest income earned on interest-earning assets which we own and the interest expense incurred to finance those assets. Net interest margin represents interest income, net of interest expense, as a percentage of total interest-earning assets.assets on an annualized basis. Our interest-earning assets consist ofof: (i) loan receivables, (ii) our liquidity reserve which includes amounts on deposit with the Federal Reserve, highly rated certificates of deposit, and triple-A rated government mutual funds, (iii) certain retained interests in securitization transactions included in amounts due from asset securitization, and (iv) investment securities. Interest-earning assets do not include investors’ interests in securitization transactions that have been transferred to third parties since they are not assets which we own. Similarly, interest income does not include the interest yield on the related loans. Our interest-bearing liabilities consist primarily of deposits, both brokered and direct. Net interest income is influenced by the following:

 

The level and composition of interest-earning assets and liabilities, including the percentage of floating rate credit card loan receivables we own and the percentage of floating rate liabilities we owe;

 

Changes in the interest rate environment, including the levels of interest rates and the relationship between interest rate indices, such as the prime rate and federal funds rate;

 

Credit performance of our loans, particularly with regard to charge-offs of finance charges which reduce interest income; and

 

The terms of certificates of deposit upon initial offering, including maturity and interest rate; andrate.

For the Three Months Ended August 31, 2009 and 2008

Effectiveness of interest rate swaps in our interest rate risk management program.

During the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, net interest income grew $239.2$152.8 million, or 80%41%, compared to the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2008. During the same period,periods, our net interest margin and interest rate spread increased to 5.30%5.28% and 4.43%4.40%, up from 3.64%4.57% and 2.86%3.76%, respectively. A higher level of on-balance sheet loans was the largest factor driving the increased net interest income, which, along with other factors, is discussed further below.

Interest income on credit card loans increased $277.4$180.1 million from the secondthird quarter of 2008 as a result of retaining more loan growth due to maturities ofreceivables on-balance sheet as securitized credit card receivables matured, as well as an increase in interest yield of 141111 basis points. The increase in yield was driven by the inclusionresult of balance transfer fees in interest income beginning in the third quarter of 2008, an increase inhigher interest rates on loans in default statusstandard balances and a substantial reduction in promotional rate offers.balances. This was partially offset by rising interest charge-offs, which increased 121%80.7% to $137.6 million.$114.8 million in third quarter 2009 compared to third quarter 2008, due to the deterioration in the current economic environment as well as a higher level of on-balance sheet loans.

Interest income on other consumer loans increased $24.5$20.8 million from the secondthird quarter of 2008 reflecting growth in both personal and student loans partially offset by a 251319 basis point decrease in interest yield. The yield decreased as the proportion of student loans, which bear lower interest rates tothan personal loans, as a component of total other consumer loans increased.

Interest income on other assets decreased $56.0$49.3 million from the secondthird quarter of 2008, reflecting the unfavorable impact of the lower interest rate environment on our liquidity reserve and amounts due from asset securitization.

AInterest expense had a minimal impact on net interest income as lower cost of funds also contributed towas largely offset by a higher net interest income.level of deposit funding. Beginning in the second half of 2008, we increased our deposit issuance in order to fund more loan receivables on-balance sheet as a result of securitization maturities. Since that time, benchmark interest rates have declined, also driving down deposit rates. These lower deposit rates contributed to a 4962 basis point decline in the cost of deposit funding which was largely offset by a higher level of deposits. Interest expense on deposits forin third quarter 2009 compared to third quarter 2008.

For the second quarter of 2009 also includes a charge related to a special industry-wide FDIC deposit insurance assessment, which for us was $16 million and resulted in a 20 basis point decline in interest rate spread. This special assessment contributed to an overall increase in interest expense for the three months ended MayNine Months Ended August 31, 2009 of $6.8 million as compared to the three months ended May 31, 2008.and 2008

For the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, net interest income grew $418.9$571.6 million, or 67%57%, compared to the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2008. During the same period,periods, our net interest margin and interest rate spread increased to 5.26%5.27% and 4.43%4.42%, respectively, up from 3.85%4.09% and 3.05%3.29%, respectively. A higher level of on-balance sheet loans was the largest factor driving the increased net interest income, which, along with other factors, is discussed further below.

Interest income on credit card loans grew $466.9$647.0 million from the first half ofnine months ended August 31, 2008, as a result of retaining more loan receivables on-balance sheet as securitized receivables matured, in addition to a 124118 basis point increase in interest yield. This increase in yield was driven by the inclusion of balance transfer fees in interest income beginning in the third quarter of 2008, an increase in interest rates on loans in default statusstandard balances and a reduction in promotional rate offers. This was partially offset by rising interest charge-offs, which increased 109%99.1% to $248.9 million.$363.8 million in third quarter 2009 compared to third quarter 2008, due to the deterioration in the current economic environment as well as a higher level of on-balance sheet loans.

Interest income on other consumer loans increased $50$71.2 million from the second half ofnine months ended August 31, 2008 reflecting growth in both personal and student loans partially offset by a 192244 basis point decrease in interest yield. The yield decreased as the proportion of student loans, which bear lower interest rates increased in comparison tothan personal loans, as a component of total other consumer loans.loans increased.

Interest income on other assets decreased $118.5$167.8 million from the second half ofnine months ended August 31, 2008, reflecting the unfavorable impact of the lower interest rate environment on our liquidity reserve and amounts due from asset securitization.

Lower interest expense and a lower cost of funds also contributed to higher net interest income. Beginning in the second half of 2008, we increased our deposit issuance in order to fund more loan receivables on-balance sheet as a result of securitization maturities. Since that time, benchmark interest rates have declined, also driving down deposit rates. These lower deposit rates contributed to a 6456 basis point decline in our deposit funding costs in the nine months ended August 31, 2009 compared to the prior year period, which resulted in lower interest expense. However, the decline in interest expense was largely offset by the increase in the same caused by the level of deposit funding.funding and a special industry-wide FDIC deposit insurance assessment, which for us was $16 million.

The following tables provide further analysis of net interest income, net interest margin and the impact of rate and volume changes (dollars in thousands):

Average Balance Sheet Analysis

 

  For the Three Months Ended
  May 31, 2009 May 31, 2008
   Average
Balance
  Rate  Interest Average
Balance
  Rate  Interest

Assets

      

Interest-earning assets:

      

Interest-earning deposits in other banks

 $8,886,035   0.65 $14,559 $5,192,545   2.62 $34,239

Federal Funds sold

  —     —      —    4,086,777   2.54  26,062

Investment securities

  1,443,508   4.94  17,960  882,891   5.24  11,626

Loan Receivables:(1)

      

Credit cards(2)

  26,233,044   11.81  781,176  19,275,733   10.40  503,756

Other

  2,024,440   7.96  40,641  614,597   10.47  16,170
                

Total loan receivables

  28,257,484   11.54  821,817  19,890,330   10.40  519,926

Other interest-earning assets

  1,717,948   0.84  3,648  2,566,561   3.13  20,210
                

Total interest-earning assets

  40,304,975   8.45  857,984  32,619,104   7.46  612,063

Allowance for loan losses

  (1,976,504    (831,552  

Other assets

  3,279,895      2,882,551    

Assets of discontinued operations

  —        1,300,309    
            

Total assets

 $  41,608,366     $  35,970,412    
            

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

      

Interest-bearing liabilities:

      

Interest-bearing deposits:

      

Time deposits(2)

 $23,872,971   4.81  289,648 $20,578,953   5.00  258,808

Money market deposits

  4,072,773   1.78  18,299  4,525,554   2.95  33,538

Other interest-bearing deposits

  32,942   2.12  176  46,777   0.81  95
                

Total interest-bearing deposits

  27,978,686   4.37  308,123  25,151,284   4.63  292,441

Borrowings:

      

Short-term borrowings

  2,189,359   0.24  1,345  5,469   3.27  45

Long-term borrowings

  1,428,098   2.93  10,537  1,908,354   4.33  20,762
                

Total borrowings

  3,617,457   1.30  11,882  1,913,823   4.33  20,807
                

Total interest-bearing liabilities

  31,596,143   4.02  320,005  27,065,107   4.60  313,248

Other liabilities and stockholders’ equity:

      

Liabilities of discontinued operations

  —        919,685    

Other liabilities and stockholders’ equity

  10,012,223      7,985,620    
            

Total other liabilities and stockholders’ equity

  10,012,223      8,905,305    
            

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

 $41,608,366     $35,970,412    
                

Net interest income

   $  537,979   $  298,815
          

Net interest margin(4)

  5.30   3.64 

Interest rate spread(5)

  4.43   2.86 

   For the Three Months Ended
   August 31, 2009  August 31, 2008
   Average
Balance
  Rate  Interest  Average
Balance
  Rate  Interest

Assets

        

Interest-earning assets:

        

Interest-earning deposits in other banks

  $9,349,825   0.27 $6,283  $5,555,331   2.26 $31,551

Federal Funds sold

   —     —      —     3,041,721   2.16  16,527

Investment securities

   1,593,805   4.50  18,062   1,062,374   5.38  14,372

Loan Receivables:(1)

        

Credit cards(2)

   24,051,037   12.56  761,477   20,202,845   11.45  581,417

Other

   2,329,166   7.39  43,397   850,959   10.58  22,630
                  

Total loan receivables

   26,380,203   12.10  804,874   21,053,804   11.41  604,047

Other interest-earning assets

   2,437,304   0.65  3,998   2,043,924   2.96  15,195
                  

Total interest-earning assets

   39,761,137   8.31  833,217   32,757,154   8.28  681,692

Allowance for loan losses

   (1,921,008     (859,279  

Other assets

   4,332,432       3,069,261    

Assets of discontinued operations

   —         104,014    
              

Total assets

  $42,172,561      $35,071,150    
              

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

        

Interest-bearing liabilities:

        

Interest-bearing deposits:

        

Time deposits(3)

  $25,094,285   4.32 $273,510  $20,814,101   4.93  257,756

Money market deposits

   3,935,227   1.54  15,299   4,193,590   2.75  29,027

Other interest-bearing deposits

   150,851   1.86  709   36,538   0.85  78
                  

Total interest-bearing deposits

   29,180,363   3.94  289,518   25,044,229   4.56  286,861

Borrowings:

        

Short-term borrowings

   16,304   0.24  10   (175 —      —  

Long-term borrowings

   1,620,646   3.64  14,873   1,861,695   4.01  18,782
                  

Total borrowings

   1,636,950   3.61  14,883   1,861,520   4.01  18,782
                  

Total interest-bearing liabilities

   30,817,313   3.92  304,401   26,905,749   4.52  305,643

Other liabilities and stockholders’ equity:

        

Liabilities of discontinued operations

   —         8,428    

Other liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   11,355,248       8,156,973    
              

Total other liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   11,355,248       8,165,401    
              

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

  $  42,172,561      $  35,071,150    
                  

Net interest income

    $  528,816    $  376,049
            

Net interest margin(4)

   5.28    4.57 

Interest rate spread(5)

   4.40    3.76 

 For the Six Months Ended  For the Nine Months Ended
 May 31, 2009 May 31, 2008  August 31, 2009  August 31, 2008
 Average
Balance
 Rate Interest Average
Balance
 Rate Interest  Average
Balance
 Rate Interest  Average
Balance
 Rate Interest

Assets

              

Interest-earning assets:

              

Interest-earning deposits in other banks

 $7,927,061   0.89 $35,059 $3,715,761   3.05 $56,676  $8,404,777   0.66 $41,342  $4,331,181   2.71 $88,227

Federal Funds sold

  170,055   3.85  3,262  4,169,247   3.23  67,341   112,956   3.85  3,262   3,792,038   2.94  83,868

Investment securities

  1,353,823   4.97  33,544  707,063   4.98  17,613   1,434,401   4.79  51,606   825,931   5.15  31,985

Loan Receivables:(1)

              

Credit cards(2)

  26,171,967   11.61  1,514,675  20,206,876   10.37  1,047,745   25,459,830   11.91  2,276,152   20,205,528   10.73  1,629,161

Other

  1,826,227   8.33  75,874  495,629   10.25  25,402   1,995,097   7.96  119,271   614,503   10.40  48,033
                          

Total loan receivables

  27,998,194   11.39  1,590,549  20,702,505   10.37  1,073,147   27,454,927   11.62  2,395,423   20,820,031   10.72  1,677,194

Other interest-earning assets

  2,218,454   1.03  11,363  3,061,301   3.93  60,088   2,291,937   0.89  15,361   2,720,941   3.68  75,283
                          

Total interest-earning assets

  39,667,587   8.46  1,673,777  32,355,877   7.88    1,274,865   39,698,998   8.41  2,506,994   32,490,122   8.01  1,956,557

Allowance for loan losses

  (1,776,219    (813,979     (1,824,834     (829,134  

Other assets

  3,200,345      2,846,410       3,580,461       2,920,965    

Assets of discontinued operations

  —        2,586,507       —         1,756,000    
                      

Total assets

 $  41,091,713     $  36,974,815      $41,454,625      $36,337,953    
                      

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

              

Interest-bearing liabilities:

              

Interest-bearing deposits:

              

Time deposits(3)

 $24,063,379   4.74  569,082 $20,442,755   5.10  521,161  $24,409,522   4.60  842,592  $20,566,987   5.04  778,918

Money market deposits

  4,195,286   1.72  35,892  4,523,320   3.57  80,810   4,107,967   1.66  51,190   4,413,010   3.31  109,837

Other interest-bearing deposits

  35,071   1.57  275  46,089   1.17  269   73,947   1.77  985   42,894   1.07  346
                          

Total interest-bearing deposits

  28,293,736   4.29  605,249  25,012,164   4.82  602,240   28,591,436   4.17  894,767   25,022,891   4.73  889,101

Borrowings:

              

Short-term borrowings

  1,671,264   0.30  2,528  7,087   3.81  135   1,115,584   0.30  2,538   4,658   3.86  135

Long-term borrowings

  1,544,031   3.24  24,948  1,989,415   5.06  50,314   1,569,756   3.38  39,821   1,946,686   4.72  69,096
                          

Total borrowings

  3,215,295   1.71  27,476  1,996,502   5.05  50,449   2,685,340   2.10  42,359   1,951,344   4.72  69,231
                          

Total interest-bearing liabilities

  31,509,031   4.03  632,725  27,008,666   4.83  652,689   31,276,776   3.99  937,126   26,974,235   4.73  958,332

Other liabilities and stockholders’ equity:

              

Liabilities of discontinued operations

  —        1,932,518       —         1,288,822    

Other liabilities and stockholders’ equity

  9,582,682      8,033,631       10,177,849       8,074,896    
                      

Total other liabilities and stockholders’ equity

  9,582,682      9,966,149       10,177,849       9,363,718    
                      

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

 $41,091,713     $  36,974,815      $  41,454,625      $  36,337,953    
                          

Net interest income

   $  1,041,052   $622,176    $  1,569,868    $998,225
                  

Net interest margin(4)

  5.26   3.85    5.27    4.09 

Interest rate spread(5)

  4.43   3.05    4.42    3.29 

 

(1)Average balances of loan receivables include non-accruing loans and these loans are therefore included in the yield calculations. If these balances were excluded, there would not be a material impact on the amounts reported above.
(2)Interest income on credit card loans includes $38.7$32.9 million and $72.3$33.3 million of amortization of balance transfer fees for the three and six months ended MayAugust 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, and $105.2 million and $33.3 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
(3)Includes the impact of interest rate swap agreements used to change a portion of fixed rate funding to floating rate funding.
(4)Net interest margin represents net interest income as a percentage of total interest-earning assets on an annualized basis.
(5)Interest rate spread represents the difference between the rate on total interest-earning assets and the rate on total interest-bearing liabilities.

Rate/Volume Variance Analysis(1(1))

 

  For the Three Months Ended
May 31, 2009 vs. May 31, 2008
 For the Six Months Ended
May 31, 2009 vs. May 31, 2008
   For the Three Months Ended
August 31, 2009 vs. August 31, 2008
 For the Nine Months Ended
August 31, 2009 vs. August 31, 2008
 
  Volume Rate Total Volume Rate Total       Volume         Rate         Total         Volume         Rate         Total     
  (dollars in thousands)   (dollars in thousands) 

Increase (decrease) in net interest income due to changes in:

              

Interest-earning assets:

              

Interest-earning deposits in other banks

  $90,031   $(109,711 $(19,680 $85,602   $(107,219 $(21,617  $85,605   $(110,873 $(25,268 $72,636   $(119,521 $(46,885

Federal Funds sold

   (13,031  (13,031  (26,062  (96,325  32,246    (64,079   (8,264  (8,263  (16,527  (113,285  32,679    (80,606

Commercial paper

   10,701    (4,367  6,334    16,069    (138  15,931  

Investment securities

          16,937    (13,247  3,690    23,367    (3,746  19,621  

Loans:

              

Credit cards

   201,365    76,055    277,420    332,599    134,331    466,930     119,249    60,811    180,060    454,907    192,084    646,991  

Other consumer loans

   50,015    (25,544  24,471    64,960    (14,488  50,472     63,926    (43,159  20,767    91,652    (20,414  71,238  
                                      

Total loans

   251,380    50,511    301,891    397,559    119,843    517,402     183,175    17,652    200,827    546,559    171,670    718,229  

Other interest-earning assets

   (5,158  (11,404  (16,562  (13,234  (35,491  (48,725   16,447    (27,644  (11,197  (10,323  (49,599  (59,922
                                      

Total interest income

   333,923    (88,002  245,921    389,671    9,241    398,912     293,900    (142,375  151,525    518,954    31,483    550,437  

Interest-bearing liabilities:

              

Interest-bearing deposits:

              

Time deposits

   88,035    (57,195  30,840    138,746    (90,825  47,921     167,137    (151,383  15,754    167,089    (103,414  63,675  

Money market deposits

   (3,077  (12,162  (15,239  (5,500  (39,418  (44,918   (1,686  (12,042  (13,728  (7,137  (51,510  (58,647

Other interest-bearing deposits

   (177  258    81    (150  156    6     457    174    631    337    301    638  
                                      

Total interest-bearing deposits

   84,781    (69,099  15,682    133,096    (130,087  3,009     165,908    (163,251  2,657    160,289    (154,623  5,666  

Borrowings:

              

Short-term borrowings

   1,628    (328  1,300    2,880    (487  2,393     10    —      10    2,724    (321  2,403  

Long-term borrowings

   (4,473  (5,752  (10,225  (9,737  (15,629  (25,366   (2,277  (1,632  (3,909  (11,852  (17,423  (29,275
                                      

Total borrowings

   (2,845  (6,080  (8,925  (6,857  (16,116  (22,973   (2,267  (1,632  (3,899  (9,128  (17,744  (26,872
                                      

Total interest expense

   81,936    (75,179  6,757    126,239    (146,203  (19,964   163,641    (164,883  (1,242  151,161    (172,367  (21,206
                                      

Net interest income

  $251,987   $(12,823 $239,164   $263,432   $155,444   $418,876    $130,259   $22,508   $152,767   $367,793   $203,850   $571,643  
                                      

 

(1)The rate/volume variance for each category has been allocated on a consistent basis between rate and volume variances based on the percentage of the rate or volume variance to the sum of the two absolute variances.

Loan Quality

Loan receivables consist of the following (dollars in thousands):

 

  May 31,
2009
 November 30,
2008
   August 31,
2009
 November 30,
2008
 

Credit card loans:

      

Discover Card

  $24,858,933   $23,348,134    $22,290,549   $23,348,134  

Discover Business Card

   453,831    466,173     431,054    466,173  
              

Total credit card loans

   25,312,764    23,814,307     22,721,603    23,814,307  

Other consumer loans:

      

Personal loans

   1,241,465    1,028,093     1,279,162    1,028,093  

Student loans

   816,177    299,929     1,419,513    299,929  

Other

   71,108    74,282     69,531    74,282  
              

Total other consumer loans

   2,128,750    1,402,304     2,768,206    1,402,304  
              

Total loan receivables

   27,441,514    25,216,611     25,489,809    25,216,611  

Allowance for loan losses

   (1,986,473  (1,374,585   (1,832,360  (1,374,585
              

Net loan receivables

  $25,455,041   $23,842,026    $23,657,449   $23,842,026  
              

Provision and Allowance for Loan Losses

Provision for loan losses is the expense related to maintaining the allowance for loan losses at a level adequate to absorb the estimated probable losses in the loan portfolio at each period end date. Factors that influence the provision for loan losses includeinclude:

The impact of general economic conditions on the levelconsumer, including unemployment levels, bankruptcy trends and direction of loan delinquencies and charge-offs, changesinterest rate movements;

Changes in consumer spending and payment behaviors, bankruptcy trends, regulatory changes or new regulatory guidance, the seasoning of our loan portfolio, interest rate movements and their impact on consumer behavior, and changesbehaviors;

Changes in our loan portfolio, including the overall mix of accounts, products and loan balances within the portfolio. We also consider theportfolio;

The level and direction of historical and anticipated loan delinquencies and charge-offs;

The credit quality of the loan portfolio, in determining the allowance for loan losses. Credit quality at any timewhich reflects, among other factors, our credit granting practices and effectiveness of collection efforts,efforts; and

Regulatory changes or new regulatory guidance.

In calculating the impact of general economic conditions on the consumer, and the seasoningallowance for loan losses, we estimate probable losses separately for segments of the loans.loan portfolio that have similar risk characteristics. For our credit card loans, we use a migration analysis to determine the likelihood that a loan receivable will progress through various stages of delinquency to charge off. An estimated charge-off ratio is then applied to each delinquency category to derive an estimated reserve rate. To determine if any adjustments should be made to the reserve rate derived from the migration analysis, we consider current economic trends as well as the difference between actual charge-offs and what was estimated to be charged off in recent periods. For our other consumer loans, we consider historical and forecasted losses in estimating the related allowance for loan losses.

For the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, the provision for loan losses increased $432.9$16.2 million, or 205%4%, compared with the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2008, reflecting an increase in the level of allowance for loan losses and higher net charge-offs. In the three months ended May 31, 2009, we added $107.5 million tocharge-offs largely offset by a decrease in the allowance for loan losses to bringlosses. Higher net charge-offs are a result of the total allowance to $2.0 billion, an increase of 135% over the allowance as of May 31, 2008. This addition to the allowancedeterioration in the second quarter of 2009 reflects an increase in the loan loss reserve rate due to rising delinquencycurrent economic environment, and charge-off rates, partially offset by the release of allowance in connection with a $750 million securitization completed during the quarter. The factors impacting the changes in credit quality across these periods are discussed further in “—Net Charge-offs” and “—Delinquencies” below. At August 31, 2009, the allowance for loan losses was $1.8 billion, a decrease of $154.1 million from the second quarter. This decrease reflects a $2.0 billion decline in the level of on-balance sheet loans in the quarter as a result of securitization activities as well as the impact of an increase in government guaranteed student loans during the quarter. Such student loans carry little default risk as they are 97% guaranteed by the federal government under the Federal Family Education Loan Program. Therefore, these loans are reserved at a significantly lower rate than the remaining portfolio.

For the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, the provision for loan losses increased $1.1 billion, or 206%123%, compared with the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2008, reflecting higher net charge-offs and an increase in the level of allowance for loan losseslosses. Higher net charge-offs are a result of the deterioration of the credit quality in the loan portfolio, and higher net charge-offs.are discussed further in “—Net Charge-offs” and “—Delinquencies” below. In the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, we added $611.9$457.8 million to the allowance for loan losses, largely due to an increase in the reserve rate, to 7.24%, up from 5.45% at November 30, 2008. The increase in the reserve ratewhich is attributable to rising unemploymenthigher charge-off and higher bankruptcy levels. Additionally, the increasedelinquency trends, discussed below.

The following table provides changes in the Company’s allowance reflected ownedfor loan growth. Duringlosses by loan type for the first half ofthree and nine months ended August 31, 2009 we had $3.0 billion of securitization maturities which were offset by $750 million of new securitization activityand August 31, 2008 (dollars in thousands):

   For the Three Months Ended
August 31,
  For the Nine Months Ended
August 31,
 
       2009          2008          2009          2008     

Balance at beginning of period

  $1,986,473   $846,775   $1,374,585   $759,925  

Provision for loan losses:

     

Credit card loans

   354,408    348,310    1,877,327    841,553  

Other consumer loans

   26,591    16,528    85,346    39,886  
                 

Total provision for loan losses

   380,999    364,838    1,962,673    881,439  

Charge-offs:

     

Credit card loans

   (559,672  (290,108  (1,604,491  (803,951

Other consumer loans

   (21,179  (2,287  (46,559  (3,085
                 

Total charge-offs

   (580,851  (292,395  (1,651,050  (807,036

Recoveries:

     

Credit card loans

   45,486    40,420    145,503    125,032  

Other consumer loans

   253    131    649    409  
                 

Total recoveries

   45,739    40,551    146,152    125,441  
                 

Net charge-offs

   (535,112  (251,844  (1,504,898  (681,595
                 

Balance at end of period

  $1,832,360   $959,769   $1,832,360   $959,769  
                 

The following table provides the period.

Allowance for Loan Losses

Amounts are provided for total loan receivables as charge-offs and recoveries are primarily related to the consumer credit card loans on Discover Card, which also make up substantially allallocation of the allowance for loan losses. Charge-offs, recoverieslosses by loan type at August 31, 2009 and the portion of the allowance related to the Discover Business Card and other consumer loans is not material. The following table provides a summary of the activity in the allowance for loan lossesNovember 30, 2008 (dollars in thousands):

 

   For the Three Months Ended
May 31,
  For the Six Months Ended
May 31,
 
             2009                      2008            2009  2008 

Balance at beginning of period

  $1,878,942   $860,378   $1,374,585   $759,925  

Additions:

     

Provision for loan losses

   643,861    210,969    1,581,674    516,601  

Deductions:

     

Charge-offs

   (588,920  (269,013  (1,070,199  (514,641

Recoveries

   52,590    44,441    100,413    84,890  
                 

Net charge-offs

   (536,330  (224,572  (969,786  (429,751
                 

Balance at end of period

  $1,986,473   $846,775   $1,986,473   $846,775  
                 
   August 31, 2009  November 30, 2008 
   $  %  $  % 

Credit card loans

  $1,736,150  94.7 $1,317,811  95.9

Other loans

   96,210  5.3  56,774  4.1
               

Total allowance for loan losses

  $1,832,360  100.0 $1,374,585  100.0
               

Net Charge-offs

Our net charge-offs include the principal amount of losses charged off less principal recoveries and exclude charged-off interest and fees, recoveries of interest and fees and fraud losses. Charged-off and recovered interest

and fees are recorded in interest and loan fee income for loan receivables and in securitization income for securitized loans while fraud losses are recorded in other expense. Credit card loan receivables are charged off at the end of the month during which an account becomes 180 days contractually past due, except in the case of cardmember bankruptcies and probate accounts. Cardmember bankruptcies and probate accounts are charged off at the end of the month 60 days following the receipt of notification of the bankruptcy or death but not later than the 180-day contractual time frame. The net charge-off rate is calculated by dividing net charge-offs for the period by the average loan receivables for the period.

The following table presents amounts and rates of net charge-offs of loan receivables (dollars in thousands):

 

   For the Three Months Ended
May 31,
  For the Six Months Ended
May 31,
 
   2009  2008  2009  2008 
   $  %  $  %  $  %  $  % 

Net charge-offs

  $536,330  7.53 $224,572  4.49 $969,786  6.95 $429,751  4.15
   For the Three Months Ended
August 31,
  For the Nine Months Ended
August 31,
 
   2009  2008  2009  2008 
   $  %  $  %  $  %  $  % 

Credit card loans

  $514,186  8.48 $249,688  4.92 $1,458,988  7.63 $678,919  4.47

Other loans

   20,926  3.56  2,156  1.01  45,910  3.07  2,676  0.58
                     

Total net charge-offs

  $535,112  8.05 $251,844  4.76 $1,504,898  7.30 $681,595  4.36
                     

The net charge-off rate on our loan receivables increased 304329 basis points and 280294 basis points for the three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, respectively, as compared to the comparable prior year periods. The higher net charge-off rate was due to higher delinquencies beginning in the fourth quarter of 2008 and lower recovery rates, reflecting the weakening economic environment as a result of rising unemployment, declining housing prices and the decrease in the availability of consumer credit, as well as an increase in bankruptcy-related charge-offs.

Delinquencies

Delinquencies are an indicator of credit quality at any point in time. Loan balances are considered delinquent when contractual payments on the loan become 30 days past due. Loan receivables are placed on non-accrual status upon receipt of notification of the bankruptcy or death of a cardmember, as part of certain collection management processes, and other instances in which management feels collectibility is not assured.

The following table presents the amounts and delinquency rates of loan receivables over 30 days past due, loan receivables over 90 days delinquent and accruing interest and loan receivables that are not accruing interest, regardless of delinquency (dollars in thousands):

 

  May 31,
2009
 November 30,
2008
   August 31,
2009
 November 30,
2008
 
  $  % $  %   $  % $  % 

Loans over 30 days delinquent

  $1,336,420  4.87 $1,096,627  4.35  $1,237,636  4.86 $1,096,627  4.35

Loans over 90 days delinquent and accruing interest

  $569,767  2.08 $444,324  1.76  $524,875  2.06 $444,324  1.76

Loans not accruing interest

  $274,000  1.00 $173,123  0.69  $218,543  0.86 $173,123  0.69

The delinquency rates of loans over 30 days delinquent and loans over 90 days delinquent and accruing interest increased 5251 basis points and 3230 basis points, respectively, at MayAugust 31, 2009, as compared to November 30, 2008. The increase in both measures reflected the impact of the weaker economic environment on our cardmembers’ ability to pay their loan balances. Delinquency rates normally rise as charge-offs rise, however, since the third quarter of 2008, we have been experiencing a pattern of charge-offs rising faster than delinquencies duedelinquencies. This pattern is the result of having a higher proportion of balances move from a delinquent status to a greater percentage ofcharge-off than in historical periods. The movement from delinquent status to charge-off has increased as more cardmembers are unable to become current on their past-due accounts flowing into the later stages of delinquency and eventually into charge-off and due to an increase in consumer bankruptcy filings.as more cardmembers declare bankruptcy. Loan receivables not accruing interest at MayAugust 31, 2009 increased 3117 basis points to 1.00%0.86%, as compared to November 30, 2008, as a result of an increase in bankruptcy notifications.

Other Income

The following table presents the components of other income for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

 

 For the Three
Months Ended
May 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
 For the Six
Months Ended
May 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
  For the Three
Months Ended
August 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
 For the Nine
Months Ended
August 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
 
 2009 2008 $ % 2009 2008 $ %  2009 2008 $ % 2009 2008 $ % 

Securitization income

 $325,264   $628,031   $(302,767 (48%)  $743,147   $1,341,528   $(598,381 (45%)  $567,288   $629,046   $(61,758 (10%)  $1,310,435   $1,970,574   $(660,139 (33%) 

Loan fee income

  52,293    53,839    (1,546 (3%)   120,315    142,097    (21,782 (15%)   75,528    56,514    19,014   34  195,843    198,611    (2,768 (1%) 

Discount and interchange revenue(1)

  81,894    65,523    16,371   25  157,161    117,419    39,742   34  51,641    41,480    10,161   24  208,802    158,899    49,903   31

Fee products

  75,248    59,126    16,122   27  150,024    118,459    31,565   27  78,875    61,124    17,751   29  228,899    179,583    49,316   27

Merchant fees

  11,736    17,849    (6,113 (34%)   24,573    36,693    (12,120 (33%)   10,716    16,183    (5,467 (34%)   35,289    52,876    (17,587 (33%) 

Transaction processing revenue

  32,604    30,405    2,199   7  61,470    56,359    5,111   9  31,839    31,085    754   2  93,309    87,444    5,865   7

Loss on investments

  (1,012  (31,280  30,268   (97%)   (1,817  (32,464  30,647   (94%)   (7,422  (5,325  (2,097 39  (9,239  (37,789  28,550   (76%) 

Antitrust litigation settlement

  472,775    —      472,775   100  947,616    —      947,616   100  472,167    —      472,167   100  1,419,783    —      1,419,783   100

Other income

  30,318    21,399    8,919   42  68,587    40,345    28,242   70  35,328    45,014    (9,686 (22%)   103,915    85,359    18,556   22
                                        

Total other income

 $1,081,120   $844,892   $236,228   28 $2,271,076   $1,820,436   $450,640   25 $1,315,960   $875,121   $440,839   50 $3,587,036   $2,695,557   $891,479   33
                                        

 

(1)Net of rewards, including Cashback Bonus rewards, of $160.0$173.8 million and $147.8$190.0 million for the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, and $324.9$498.8 million and $331.1$521.1 million for the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively.

Total other income increased $236.2$440.8 million, or 28%50%, for the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, as compared to the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2008, primarily as a result of $472.8$472.2 million in income related to the Visa and MasterCard antitrust litigation settlement, along with lower loss on investments related to a write-down of the Golden Key investment in the second quarter of 2008, partially offset by lower securitization income. For the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, total other income increased $450.6$891.5 million, or 25%33%, as compared to the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2008, largely because of $947.6 million$1.4 billion in income related to the Visa and MasterCard antitrust litigation settlement, partially offset by lower securitization income. Discussion of these key drivers as well as other factors are discussed in more detail below.

Securitization Income

Securitization income is a significant source of our income and is derived through the securitization and continued servicing of a portion of the credit card loan receivables we originated. Currently, the issuance of asset-backed securities to investors has the effect of removing the owned loan receivables from theour consolidated statements of financial condition. Also, portions of net interest income, provision for loan losses and certain components of other income related to the securitized loans against which beneficial interests have been issued are no longer reported in our statements of income; however, they remain significant factors in determining securitization income we receive on our residual interests in those transactions. Investors in securitizations are allocatedWe allocate the cash flows derived from interest and loan fee revenue earned on securitized loans. In addition, we allocate portions of ourand, in recent years, merchant discount and interchange revenue earned on securitized loans (see further discussion of merchant discount and interchange revenue below) to a majority of securitized receivables.investors in securitizations. These cash flows are used to pay investors in the transactions a contractual fixed or floating rate of return on their investment, to reimburse investors for losses of principal resulting from charged-off loans, net of recoveries, and to pay us a contractual fee for servicing the securitized loans. Any excess cash flows, remainingreferred to as excess spread, are paid to us. Both servicing fees and excess spread are recorded in securitization income. Securitization income also includes the net revaluation of the interest-only strip receivable and certain other retained interests, reflecting adjustments to the fair values of the retained interests that result from changes in the level of securitized loans and assumptions used to value the retained interests.

In November 2004, we began allocating merchant discount and interchange revenue to any new securitization transaction completed in accordance with revisions to governing securitization documents. Prior thereto, we did not allocate merchant discount and interchange revenue to investors in securitizations. In July 2009, we began allocating merchant discount and interchange to all securitization transactions, regardless of whether the transactions were initiated before or after November 2004.

Beginning December 1, 2009, credit card loan receivables held by the securitization trusts and debt issued from those entities to third-party investors will be presented as assets and liabilities on our consolidated statements of financial

condition, and our results of operations will no longer reflect securitization income, but will instead report interest income and provisions for loan losses associated with all managed loan receivables and interest expense associated with debt issued from the trusts.trusts to third-party investors. For more information, see “—Accounting Treatment for Off-Balance Sheet Securitizations.”

The table below presents the components of securitization income (dollars in thousands):

 

  For the Three
Months Ended
May 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
 For the Six
Months Ended
May 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
  For the Three
Months Ended
August 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
 For the Nine
Months Ended
August 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
 
  2009 2008 $ % 2009 2008 $ %  2009 2008 $ % 2009 2008 $ % 

Excess spread

  $309,614   $539,297   $(229,683 (43%)  $712,040   $1,044,330   $(332,290 (32%)  $379,934   $528,862   $(148,928 (28%)  $1,091,974   $1,573,192   $(481,218 (31%) 

Servicing fees on securitized loans

   114,101    138,393    (24,292 (18%)   233,317    276,656    (43,339 (16%)   123,878    139,592    (15,714 (11%)   357,195    416,248    (59,053 (14%) 

Net revaluation of retained interests

   (92,954  (44,473  (48,481 (109%)   (191,195  30,524    (221,719 NM    68,880    (33,513  102,393   N  (122,315  (2,989  (119,326 N

Other (principally transaction costs)

   (5,497  (5,186  (311 (6%)   (11,015  (9,982  (1,033 (10%)   (5,404  (5,895  491   8  (16,419  (15,877  (542 (3%) 
                                         

Securitization income

  $325,264   $628,031   $(302,767 (48%)  $743,147   $1,341,528   $(598,381 (45%)  $567,288   $629,046   $(61,758 (10%)  $1,310,435   $1,970,574   $(660,139 (33%) 
                                         

For the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, securitization income decreased $302.8$61.8 million, or 48%10%, as compared to the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2008. For the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, securitization income decreased $598.4$660.1 million, or 45%33%, as compared to the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2008. These decreases are primarily attributable to a lower excess spread on securitized loans and a decrease in the net revaluation of retained interests through the second quarter of 2009, which are detailed further in the tables and discussion below. For the three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, the level of average securitized loans was $4.7$3.4 billion and $4.0$3.8 billion lower than the comparable prior year periods as a result of maturing securitized loans coming back on-balance sheet.

Excess spread.spread. The following table provides the components of excess spread (dollars in thousands):

 

  For the Three
Months Ended
May 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
 For the Six
Months Ended
May 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
  For the Three
Months Ended
August 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
 For the Nine
Months Ended
August 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
 
  2009 2008 $ % 2009 2008 $ %  2009 2008 $ % 2009 2008 $ % 

Interest income on securitized loans

  $749,468   $960,634   $(211,166 (22%)  $1,537,524   $1,950,447   $(412,923 (21%)  $830,864   $956,558   $(125,694 (13%)  $2,368,388   $2,907,005   $(538,617 (19%) 

Interest paid to investors in asset-backed securities

   (94,058  (237,381  143,323   60  (219,755  (566,893  347,138   61  (88,241  (229,244  141,003   62  (307,996  (796,137  488,141   61
                                         

Net interest income

   655,410    723,253    (67,843 (9%)   1,317,769    1,383,554    (65,785 (5%)   742,623    727,314    15,309   2  2,060,392    2,110,868    (50,476 (2%) 

Other fee revenue on securitized loans

   235,676    325,005    (89,329 (27%)   490,819    629,436    (138,617 (22%)   304,617    330,330    (25,713 (8%)   795,436    959,766    (164,330 (17%) 

Net charge-offs on securitized loans

   (467,371  (370,568  (96,803 (26%)   (863,231  (692,004  (171,227 (25%)   (543,428  (389,190  (154,238 (40%)   (1,406,659  (1,081,194  (325,465 (30%) 
                                         

Net revenues on securitized loans

   423,715    677,690    (253,975 (37%)   945,357    1,320,986    (375,629 (28%)   503,812    668,454    (164,642 (25%)   1,449,169    1,989,440    (540,271 (27%) 

Servicing fees on securitized loans

   (114,101  (138,393  24,292   18  (233,317  (276,656  43,339   16  (123,878  (139,592  15,714   11  (357,195  (416,248  59,053   14
                                         

Excess spread

  $309,614   $539,297   $(229,683 (43%)  $712,040   $1,044,330   $(332,290 (32%)  $379,934   $528,862   $(148,928 (28%)  $1,091,974   $1,573,192   $(481,218 (31%) 
                                         

For the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, excess spread on securitized loans decreased $229.7$148.9 million, or 43%28%, as compared to the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2008. For the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, excess spread on securitized loans decreased $332.3$481.2 million, or 32%31%, as compared to the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2008. The decrease in both periods was partially attributable to higher net charge-offs due to the current economic environment. Additionally, lower net interest income and other fee revenue on securitized loans, somewhat offset by lower servicing fees, were the result of the lower level of outstanding securitized loans. Lower net interest income was also a result of the impact of a lower average LIBOR on floating rate investors’ interests.

Servicing fees on securitized loans. We are paid a servicing fee from the cash flows generated by the securitized loans. Servicing fees are paid to the Companyus for servicing the transferred loan receivables in accordance with contractual requirements. These cash flows include interest income and loan fee income as well asand, effective with trust actions taken in July 2009, discount and interchange revenue for certainall securitized loans. For the three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, servicing fees decreased $24.3$15.7 million, or 18%11%, and $43.3$59.1 million, or 16%14%, respectively, from the prior year due to a lower level of securitized loans outstanding during the period.

Net revaluation of retained interests. The components of net revaluation of retained interests are summarized in the table below (dollars in thousands):

 

  For the Three Months
Ended May 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
 For the Six Months
Ended May 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
   For the Three Months
Ended August 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
 For the Nine Months
Ended August 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
 
  2009 2008 $ 2009 2008 $   2009  2008 $ 2009 2008 $ 

Initial gain on new securitization transactions(1)

  $955   $25,332   $(24,377 $955   $62,087   $(61,132  $7,887  $9,785   $(1,898 $8,842   $71,872   $(63,030

Revaluation of retained interests

   (93,909  (69,805  (24,104  (192,150  (31,563  (160,587   60,993   (43,298  104,291    (131,157  (74,861  (56,296
                                      

Net revaluation of retained interests

  $(92,954 $(44,473 $(48,481 $(191,195 $30,524   $(221,719  $68,880  $(33,513 $102,393   $(122,315 $(2,989 $(119,326
                                      

 

(1)Net of issuance discounts, as applicable.

The net revaluation of retained interests for the three and six months ended MayAugust 31, 2009 decreased $48.5 million and $221.7increased $102.4 million, as compared to the three and six months ended MayAugust 31, 2008, respectively.2008. For the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2009 we securitized $750 million of receivables, which resulted in an initial gain of $1.0 million. There were no new securitization transactions in the first quarter of 2009. For the three months ended May 31, 2008, we had $1.9$1.5 billion of new third-party securitization transactions, which resulted in $25.3 millionan initial gain of initial gains and for$7.9 million. For the sixthree months ended MayAugust 31, 2008, we had $4.4$1.2 billion of new third-party securitization transactions, resultingwhich resulted in $62.1$9.8 million of initial gains. The unfavorablefavorable revaluation of retained interests of $93.9 million and $192.2$61.0 million during the three and six months ended MayAugust 31, 2009 was largely related to changes in assumptions used to value the interest-only strip receivable, including higher anticipated interest income on standard balances, as compared to the unfavorable revaluation of $43.3 million during the three months ended August 31, 2008, which was due to unfavorable changes in assumptions used to value the interest-only strip receivable and lower projected excess spread.

The net revaluation of retained interests for the nine months ended August 31, 2009 decreased $119.3 million, as compared to the previous period end,nine months ended August 31, 2008. For the nine months ended August 31, 2009 we had $2.3 billion of new third-party securitization transactions, which resulted in an initial gain of $8.8 million. For the nine months ended August 31, 2008, we had $5.6 billion of new third-party securitization transactions, resulting in $71.9 million of initial gains. The unfavorable revaluation of $131.2 million during the nine months ended August 31, 2009 was largely related to changes in assumptions used to value the interest-only strip receivable, including higher projected charge-offs. The unfavorable revaluation of $74.9 million during the nine months ended August 31, 2008 was largely related to net gain amortization associated with the maturity of securitization transactions.

Loan Fee Income

Loan fee income consists primarily of fees on credit card loans and includes late, overlimit,over-limit, cash advance and other miscellaneous fees. Loan fee income decreased $1.5increased $19.0 million, or 3%34%, for the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, as compared to the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2008, as lower balance transfer and overlimit fees were largely offset by higherdue to increased income from late fees. Loan fee income decreased $21.8$2.7 million, or 15%1%, for the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, as compared to the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2008, as a result of deferrals ofdeferring balance transfer feesfee income beginning in the second quarter of 2008, historically accounted for in loan fee income, partially offset by higher late fees.

Discount and Interchange Revenue

Discount and interchange revenue includes discount revenue and acquirer interchange net of interchange paid to third-party issuers in the United States. We earn discount revenue from fees charged to merchants with whom we have entered into card acceptance agreements for processing cardholder purchase transactions and acquirer interchange revenue from merchant acquirers on all Discover Network card transactions made by cardholders at merchants with whom merchant acquirers have entered into card acceptance agreements for processing cardholder purchase transactions. We incur an interchange cost to card issuing entities that have entered into contractual arrangements to issue cards on the Discover Network. This cost is contractually established and is based on the card issuing organizations’organization’s transaction volume and is reported as a reduction to

discount and interchange revenue. We offer our cardmembers various reward programs, including the Cashback Bonus reward program, pursuant to which we pay certain cardmembers a percentage of their purchase amounts based on the type and volume of the cardmember’s purchases. Reward costs are recorded as a reduction to discount and interchange revenue.

Discount and interchange revenue increased $16.4$10.2 million, or 25%24%, and $39.7$49.9 million, or 34%31%, for the three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, respectively, compared to the three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2008. These increases were primarily attributable to higher revenues earned on a higher level of owned loans in the first half ofnine months ended August 31, 2009 as compared to the first half ofnine months ended August 31, 2008. Additionally, rewards costs were higherlower for the three and nine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009 as compared to Maythe three and nine months ended August 31, 2008, due to revisions in forfeiture assumptions recorded in the second quarter of 2008, partially offset by lower rewards costs in the current quarter as a result of a decline in sales volume. Rewards costs for the six months ended May 31, 2009 were lower than in the prior year due to the decline in sales volume partially offset by the impact of revised forfeiture assumptions recordedadjustments made in the secondthird quarter of 2008.2008 to the rewards liability for an increase in expected forfeitures of accumulated rewards.

Fee Products

We earn revenue related to fees received for marketingselling ancillary credit-related ancillary products and services including debt deferment/debt cancellation contracts and identity theft protection services to cardmembers. The amount of revenue recorded is generally based on a percentage of a cardmember’s outstanding balance or a flat fee and is recognized over the agreement or contract period as earned. Fee products income increased $16.1$17.8 million, or 27%29%, and $31.6$49.3 million, or 27%, for the three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, respectively, as compared to the three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2008, primarily related to an increase in the number of cardmembers enrolled inthat purchased these products and services as well as higher balances upon which the fees are based.

Loss on Investments

During the three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2008,2009, we recorded a $31.3$7.4 million and a $8.2 million other-than-temporary impairment, respectively, related to our investment in the asset-backed commercial paper notes of Golden Key U.S. LLC, which invested in mortgage-backed securities. In comparison, the three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 20092008 reflected a minimal loss$5.3 million and $36.6 million other-than-temporary impairment, respectively. See additional information on investments.other-than-temporary-impairments recorded in the consolidated statements of income in Note 3: Investment Securities.

Antitrust Litigation Settlement

Amounts received in conjunction with the Visa and MasterCard antitrust litigation settlement, including related interest, are recorded in this line item when earned. We received payments of $472 million in each of the first and secondthree quarters of 2009 from Visa as payment in part for its portion of the settlement and accrued $3.0$4.2 million and $0.9 millionduring the first three quarters of 2009 in related interest income during the respective quarters.income. See additional information in “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Special Dividend and Settlement of Visa and MasterCard Antitrust Litigation.” We entered into an agreement with Morgan Stanley at the time of our spin-off to give us sole control over the prosecution and settlement of the litigation and to determine how proceeds from the litigation would be shared. We have notified Morgan Stanley that it breached the agreement and the amount due to Morgan Stanley, if any, is a matter of dispute. The dispute is a subject of litigation between the parties. See “Part II. Other Information—Item 1. Legal Proceedings.”

Other Income

Other income includes revenues from the sale of merchant portfolios to third-party acquirers, royalty revenues earned by Diners Club, revenues from the referral of declined applications to certain third-party issuers on the Discover Network, unrealized gains and losses related to derivative contracts and other miscellaneous revenue items. Other income duringwas down $9.7 million for the three and six months ended MayAugust 31, 2009 was up $8.9 million and $28.2 million compared to the three and six months ended MayAugust 31, 2008, respectively,due to lower gains on sales of merchant portfolios and lower revenues from the referral of declined applications to third-party issuers. Other income increased $18.6 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2009 compared to August 31, 2008 due to the inclusion of approximately $17 million and approximately $39$58.6 million of revenue from Diners Club in the respective periods.nine months ended August 31, 2009 compared to only $12.6 million in the prior period, as we acquired Diners Club on June 30, 2008. The increase in the three and sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009 was partially offset by lower gains on sales of merchant portfolios and lower revenues from the referral of declined applications to third-party issuers.

Other Expense

The following table represents the components of other expense for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

 

 For the Three
Months Ended
May 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
 For the Six
Months Ended
May 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
  For the Three
Months Ended
August 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
 For the Nine
Months Ended
May 31,
 2009 vs. 2008
increase
(decrease)
 
 2009 2008 $ % 2009 2008 $ %  2009 2008 $ % 2009 2008 $ % 

Employee compensation and benefits

 $208,151 $218,290 $(10,139 (5%)  $427,639 $435,660 $(8,021 (2%)  $208,528 $222,426 $(13,898 (6%)  $636,167 $658,086 $(21,919 (3%) 

Marketing and business development

  102,922  132,038  (29,116 (22%)   214,355  273,591  (59,236 (22%)   77,814  137,928  (60,114 (44%)   292,169  411,519  (119,350 (29%) 

Information processing and Communications

  74,441  79,449  (5,008 (6%)   149,338  157,725  (8,387 (5%) 

Information processing and communications

  67,679  76,675  (8,996 (12%)   217,017  234,400  (17,383 (7%) 

Professional fees

  74,550  81,392  (6,842 (8%)   144,673  155,064  (10,391 (7%)   83,746  82,775  971   1  228,419  237,839  (9,420 (4%) 

Premises and equipment

  18,223  19,803  (1,580 (8%)   36,295  39,444  (3,149 (8%)   18,437  20,274  (1,837 (9%)   54,732  59,718  (4,986 (8%) 

Other expense

  82,341  75,853  6,488   9  147,451  147,684  (233 0  67,634  72,469  (4,835 (7%)   215,085  220,153  (5,068 (2%) 
                                

Total other expense

 $560,628 $606,825 $(46,197 (8%)  $1,119,751 $1,209,168 $(89,417 (7%)  $523,838 $612,547 $(88,709 (14%)  $1,643,589 $1,821,715 $(178,126 (10%) 
                                

Total other expense decreased $46.2$88.7 million, or 8%14%, for the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, as compared to Maythe three months ended August 31, 2008 and decreased $89.4$178.1 million, or 7%10%, for the sixnine months ended MayAugust 31, 2009, as compared to Maythe nine months ended August 31, 2008. The decrease in both periods was primarily driven by lower marketing, expenditures, lower compensation expenses and lower professional fees,information processing expenses, partially offset by the inclusion of $8$14.5 million and $30.8 million, respectively, of Diners Club expenses and the impact of a $20 million one-time expense related to a reduction in force. Lowerheadcount. A reduction in new account acquisition effectively drove lower marketing expense as well as declines in other expense related to postage, supplies and credit bureau inquiry fees. Employee compensation and benefits expenses decreased as a result of lower discretionary expenses. Professional fees, which include legal fees, were lower in the current period to theInformation processing and communications expenses declined due to lower legal fees related to the Visadata processing projects and MasterCard antitrust litigation settlement.lower telecommunication expenses.

Income Tax Expense

The following table reconciles our effective tax rate to the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate:

 

  For the Three Months Ended
May 31,
 For the Six Months Ended
May 31,
   For the Three Months Ended
August 31,
 For the Nine Months Ended
August 31,
 
          2009                 2008                 2009                 2008           2009 2008 2009 2008 

U.S. federal statutory income tax rate

  35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0  35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0

U.S. state and local income taxes and other, net of U.S. federal income tax benefits

  3.0   3.1   3.3   3.1    3.5   3.4   3.4   3.2  

State examinations and settlements

  —     (3.9 —     (1.1

Valuation allowance—capital loss

  5.7   —     3.9   —      —     —     1.5   —    

Nondeductible compensation

  1.9   —     1.3   —      0.1   —     0.5   —    

Other

  (0.1 0.1   (0.2 0.5    —     0.2   —     0.4  
                          

Effective income tax rate

  45.5 38.2 43.3 38.6  38.6 34.7 40.4 37.5
                          

In the second quarter of 2009, we recorded a valuation allowance of $23.7 million against deferred tax assets largely related to our assessment of the likelihood that the tax benefit of capital losses related to the sale of the Goldfish business in 2008 areis no longer realizable. Additionally, in the second quarter of 2009, we recorded approximately $8 million of tax expense related to nondeductible stock-based compensation. These items resulted in additional tax expense duringfor the quarter and are not expected to recur during the remainder ofnine months ended August 31, 2009.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We monitor and review liquidity and capital management strategies seeking to maintain prudent levels of each. Our senior management reviews financial performance relative to these strategies, monitors the availability of alternative financing sources, evaluates liquidity risk and capital adequacy, and funding strategies designed to optimizeassesses the interest rate sensitivity of our credit ratingsassets and provide that our bank capitalization levels are sufficient to allow for cost-effective access to equity, debt and deposit markets, thus providing sufficient liquidity to fund our business over both the short and long term.liabilities. Our liquidity and funding risk management strategies are designed to mitigate the risk that we may be unable to access adequate financing to fund our business and service our financial obligations when they come due. Liquidity risk is addressed through various funding criteria and targets that guide our access to the long-term and short-term debt and equity capital markets and various deposit distribution channels, the maturity profile of our liabilities, the diversity of our funding sources and investor base, as well as the level of our liquidity reserve.

Liquidity risk is assessed by several measures including our maturity profile, which measures funding in various maturity tranches.profile. The maturities of the various funding instruments are reviewed during the funding planning and execution process to ensure the maturities are appropriately staggered. The mix of funding sources and the composition of our investor base are also reviewed during the funding process to assess whether there is appropriate diversification. Our primary funding sources include deposits (sourced directly or through brokers), term asset-backed securitizations, asset-backed commercial paper conduit financing and short-termlong-term borrowings.

We monitor and review liquidity and capital management strategies seeking to maintain prudent levels of liquidity and capital. Our senior management reviews financial performance relative to these strategies, monitors the availability of alternative financing sources, evaluates liquidity risk and capital adequacy, and assesses the interest rate sensitivity of our assets and liabilities.

Certain of our borrowing costs and the ability to raise funds in specific ratings sensitive markets are directly impacted by our credit ratings. A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities, may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating organization, and each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating. The credit ratings of Discover Financial Services, Discover Bank and the trusts through which we access the securitization markets as of July 1, 2009 are reflected in the table below:

 

   Discover
Financial
Services
  Discover
Bank
  Outlook
for Senior
Unsecured
Debt
  Discover Card
Master Trust I(2)
  Discover Card Execution
Note Trust(2)
 
   Senior
Unsecured
Debt
  Senior
Unsecured
Debt
    Class A  Class B  Class A  Class B  Class C 

Moody’s Investors Service

  Ba1(1)  Baa3(1)  Negative  Aaa(2)  A2(2)  Aaa(2)Aaa  A2(2)  Baa2(2)Baa2  

Standard & Poor’s

  BBB-  BBB  Stable  AAA(3)  A+(3)AAA(3)AAA   BBBAAA(3)AAA-  

Fitch Ratings

  BBB  BBB  Negative  AAA  A+(4)(1)  AAA  A+(4)(1)  BBB(4)(1) 

 

(1)

On June 1, 2009, Moody’s Investors Service lowered the senior unsecured debt rating for Discover Financial Services to Ba1 from Baa3 and Discover Bank to Baa3 from Baa2. Moody’s Investors Service changed its outlook for Discover Financial Services to negative from stable.

(2)

Currently on review for possible downgrade.

(3)

Currently on credit watch with negative implications.

(4)

Currently on ratings watch positive after our announcement of planned actions related to the trusts. See “—Funding Sources—Securitization Financing” below for more detail.

(2)Ratings are for outstanding issuances of asset-backed securities issued by the trusts. On September 25, 2009, Moody’s Investor Service announced that it will likely place under review for downgrade the ratings of certain outstanding issuances of triple-A credit card asset-backed securities if the FDIC has not provided clarity with regard to its existing guidance on standards for legal isolation of the transferred assets at the time that FASB Statements No. 166 and 167 go into effect, which for us is December 1, 2009. See “—Funding Sources—Securitization Financing” below for more detail regarding the uncertainty over the FDIC guidance.

We maintain a process designed to evaluate our liquidity position and our vulnerabilities to disruptions in our funding markets. This process results in contingency funding plans that model a range of potential cash outflows during a liquidity stress event, including, but not limited to: (i) repayment of all debt maturing within an assumed stress period; (ii) expected funding requirements from receivable maintenance, growth and/or volatility; and (iii) customer cash withdrawals from interest-bearing deposits. TheseOther potential liquidity stress scenariosevents which are related to our securitization structures are described in “—Funding Sources—Securitization Financing.” Our contingency funding plans are designed to evaluate both short-term liquidity stress as well as a prolonged liquidity stress event. In a liquidity stress event, we would seek to increase deposits, liquidate investments and use contingent funding sources to meet our

liquidity needs. At MayAugust 31, 2009, our contingent funding sources included approximately $9.0$10.6 billion in our liquidity reserve (primarily invested in amounts on deposit with the Federal Reserve, highly rated certificates of deposit, and triple-A rated government mutual funds), $750 million$1.5 billion of unutilized commitments from third-party asset-backed commercial paper asset-backed conduits from securitization funding and $2.4 billion of unsecured committed credit. We increased our liquidity reserve by approximately $1.6 billion since the second quarter, in

anticipation of approximately $17.7 billion of asset-backed securities and deposit maturities in 2010. In addition to thethese contingent sources, at August 31, 2009, we also had $5.8$6.4 billion of available capacity through the Federal Reserve discount window, which includes access to $2.6$3.2 billion through the Federal Reserve Term Auction Facility. During the second quarter of 2009, we pledged additional assets to the Federal Reserve discount window, which increased our available capacity at May 31, 2009.

We continue to focus on maintaining a strong balance sheet with appropriate levels of capital and liquidity to fund operations. For the secondthird quarter of 2009, we funded our business operations by utilizing multiple funding sources described in further detail below, relying primarily on deposits. We also issueddirect-to-consumer deposit issuance and sold preferred stock and a ten-year warrant to the U.S. Treasury for $1.2 billion in the second quarter of 2009 (see “—U.S. Treasury Capital Purchase Program” below).capital market transactions. Over the next 12 months, we expect to be able to satisfy all maturing obligations and fund business activities through access to our multiple funding sources, relying primarily on deposit issuance. Even inIn the event that existing access to deposit channels becomes disrupted and/or access to the capital markets continues to bebecomes disrupted during the next 12 months, we believe that we would be able to satisfy all maturing obligations and fund business operations during that time by utilizing our contingent funding sources, including our liquidity reserve, remaining asset-backed commercial paper conduit capacity, committed credit facility capacity and Federal Reserve discount window capacity. In addition to these contingent funding sources,

While we potentially have access through March 2010 to approximately $6.5an additional $10.2 billion of issuanceissuances of asset-backed securities through the TALF program, subject to investor demand, pricing considerations, funding alternatives and the highest rated securities issued outuncertainty over existing FDIC guidance regarding standards for legal isolation of the transferred assets following the change in accounting rules under FASB Statements No. 166 and 167 has recently made it difficult or impossible to obtain the required ratings for securities of our securitization trusts maintaining a AAA rating from at least two ofto qualify as eligible securities under the nationally recognized rating agencies as more fully described below inTALF program. Therefore, we do not expect our securitization trusts to be able to issue securities under the TALF program until this uncertainty is resolved. See “—Funding Sources—Securitization Financing.”

U.S. Treasury Capital Purchase Program.On March 13, 2009, we issued and sold to the U.S. Treasury 1,224,558 shares of senior preferred stock and a ten-year warrant to purchase 20,500,413 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $8.96 per share, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $1.2 billion. The issuance is part of the U.S. Treasury’s Troubled Asset Relief Program (“TARP”) Capital Purchase Program (“CPP”), under which the U.S. Treasury is purchasingpurchased senior preferred stock and warrants in eligible institutions to increase the flow of credit to businesses and consumers and to support the economy.

The senior preferred stock qualifies as Tier 1 capital and pays a cumulative dividend at the rate of five percent per annum for the first five years and at the rate of nine percent per annum beginning May 15, 2014. The senior preferred stock is generally non-voting, other than class voting rights on certain matters that could amend the rights of or adversely affect the stock. The terms of the senior preferred stock provide that the stock may not be redeemed, as opposed to repurchased, prior to May 15, 2012 unless we have received aggregate gross proceeds from one or more qualified equity offerings (as described below) of at least $306 million. In such a case, we may redeem the senior preferred stock, in whole or in part, subject to the approval of the Federal Reserve, upon notice, up to a maximum amount equal to the aggregate net cash proceeds received by us from such qualified equity offerings. A “qualified equity offering” is a sale and issuance for cash by us, to persons other than us or our subsidiaries after March 13, 2009, of shares of perpetual preferred stock, common stock or a combination thereof, that in each case qualify as Tier 1 capital at the time of issuance under the applicable risk-based capital guidelines of the Federal Reserve. On or after May 15, 2012, the senior preferred stock may be redeemed by us at any time, in whole or in part, subject to the approval of the Federal Reserve and notice requirements.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, pursuant to a letter agreement between us and the U.S. Treasury, we are permitted, after obtaining the approval of the Federal Reserve, to repay the senior preferred stock at any time, and when such senior preferred stock is repaid, the U.S. Treasury is required to liquidate the warrant, all in accordance with theThe American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, as it may be amended from time to time (“ARRA”), and any rules and regulations thereunder.

The U.S. Treasury may transfer the senior preferred stock to a third party at any time. The U.S. Treasury may only transfer or exercise an aggregate of one half of the shares of common stock underlying the warrant

prior to the earlier of the redemption of all of the shares of senior preferred stock and December 31, 2009. Participation in the CPP restricts our ability to increase dividends on our common stock above historical levels or to repurchase our common stock until three years have elapsed, unless (i) all of the senior preferred stock issued to the U.S Treasury is redeemed, (ii) all of the senior preferred stock issued to the U.S Treasury has been transferred to third parties, or (iii) we receive the consent of the U.S. Treasury.

Participation in the CPP subjects us to increased oversight by the U.S. Treasury and banking regulators. The U.S. Treasury has the power to unilaterally amend the terms of the purchase agreement to the extent required to comply with changes in applicable federal law and to inspect our corporate books and records through our federal banking regulators. In addition, the U.S. Treasury has the right to appoint two directors to our board if we miss dividend payments for six dividend periods, whether or not consecutive, on the preferred stock. Participation in the CPP also subjects us to increased Congressional scrutiny.

In connection with participating in the CPP, we became a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 and a financial holding company under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. Registration as a bank holding company subjects us to new legal and regulatory requirements, including minimum capital requirements, and subjects us to oversight, regulation and examination by the Federal Reserve.

We are also subject to certain restrictions on executive compensation for our senior executive officers and the next 20 most highly compensated employees under the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, as amended (the “EESA”). Our “senior executive officers” for this purpose include our chief executive officer, chief financial officer and the three most highly compensated executive officers other than the chief executive officer and chief financial officer. We agreed that for such time as the U.S. Treasury continues to own any of our securities under the CPP, we will take all necessary action to ensure that our compensation and other benefit plans with respect to our senior executive officers and certain other employees comply with EESA restrictions relating to executive compensation, which include (i) limits on compensation and incentives to take unnecessary and excessive risks that would threaten the value of the company, (ii) a provision for recovery (i.e., clawback) of amounts of compensation that later prove to have been based on materially inaccurate financial statements or other performance metrics, and (iii) limitations on golden parachute payments. Furthermore, on June 10, 2009, the U.S. Treasury issued interim final rules implementing the compensation and corporate governance requirements under ARRA, which amended the requirements of EESA. For additional information, see “—Legislative and Regulatory Developments—Treasury Rules Governing Compensation for TARPTroubled Asset Relief Program Participants.” Additionally, we may not deduct for Federalfederal income tax purposes executive compensation of our senior executive officers in excess of $500,000 per year, which includes any portion of their stock-based deferred compensation earned after our participation in TARP.

Equity Capital Management.Management views equity capital as an important source of financial strength. We determine the level of capital necessary to support our business based on our managed loan receivables, goodwill and other intangible assets, taking into account, among other things, regulatory requirements, rating agency guidelines and internally managed requirements to sustain growth.

Equity increased to $7.4$8.4 billion at MayAugust 31, 2009 from $5.9 billion at November 30, 2008. Our capital level has been positively impacted by the closing of our transaction under the CPP in March 2009 described above. In addition to CPP, in the third quarter 2009 we completed a $534 million common stock offering in which we issued approximately 60 million shares at a price of $8.89 after subtracting underwriter discounts and commissions. The level of capital throughout 2008 and 2009 is expected to behas also been positively impacted by the Visa and Master Card antitrust litigation settlement more fully described below.

Under regulatory capital requirements adopted by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”), the Federal Reserve and other bank regulatory agencies, we must maintain minimum levels of capital that are dependent upon the risk of the financial institution’s assets. These requirements are more fully described in Note 13: Capital Adequacy to the consolidated financial statements. At MayAugust 31, 2009, Discover Financial Services and Discover Bank exceeded the regulatory minimums to which they were subject.

Dividends.Dividends.Our Board of Directors declared a common stock cash dividend of $.02 per share on June 18,in September 2009, payable on JulyOctober 22, 2009 to holders of record on July 1, 2009.October 1. The quarterly common stock dividend was reduced from $.06 per share to $.02 per share in the first quarter of 2009 in order to enhance our capital position. If the quarterly dividend is maintained atThis reduction to $.02 per share going forward, we would strengthenhas strengthened our capital base by approximately $20 million per quarter. The declaration and payment of future dividends, as well as the amount thereof, are subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon our results of operations, financial condition, capital levels, cash requirements, future prospects and other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will declare and pay any dividends in the future. In addition, as a result of applicable banking law regulations and guidance and provisions that may be contained in our borrowing agreements or the borrowing agreements of our subsidiaries, our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders may be further limited. Under the terms of our CPP transaction, we are prohibited from increasing dividends on our common stock above historical levels for a period of three years($.06 per share) until March 2012 unless (i) all of the senior preferred stock issued to the U.S. Treasury is redeemed, (ii) all of the senior preferred stock issued to the U.S. Treasury has been transferred to third parties, or (iii) we receive the consent of the U.S. Treasury. Furthermore, so long as any of the preferred stock is outstanding, dividend payments on our common stock will be prohibited unless all accrued and unpaid dividends are paid on such preferred stock.

Also in the secondthird quarter of 2009, we accrued $13$15 million of dividends on our senior preferred stock issued under the U.S Treasury’s Capital Purchase Program,CPP, which represents a rate of 5% per year.

Special Dividend and Settlement of Visa and MasterCard Antitrust Litigation.On October 27, 2008, we settled our antitrust litigation with Visa and MasterCard for $2.75 billion. We received a lump sum amount of $862.5 million from MasterCard in the fourth quarter of 2008 and $472 million from Visa in each of the first, second and secondthird quarters of 2009, which we recorded in other income in the U.S. Card segment. We expect to earn the last payment of $472 million in each of the remaining two quartersfourth quarter of 2009. At the time of our spin-off, we entered into an agreement with Morgan Stanley to give us sole control over the prosecution and settlement of the antitrust lawsuit with Visa and MasterCard and to determine how proceeds from the litigation would be shared. As a result, we have incurred an obligation to accrue amounts pursuant to the special dividend agreement with respect to settlement proceeds from Visa and MasterCard only to the extent that we have already earned and received such proceeds pursuant to the terms of the settlement agreement with Visa and MasterCard as of the balance sheet date. During the secondthird quarter of 2009 we accrued $40.3$140.3 million in connection with thisthe special dividend agreement, which brought the total amount accrued in theour consolidated statement of financial condition as of MayAugust 31, 2009 to $513.3$653.5 million. We have notified Morgan Stanley that Morgan Stanley breached the special dividend agreement and the amount due to Morgan Stanley, if any, is a matter of dispute. The dispute is a subject of litigation between the parties. See “Part II. Other Information—Item 1. Legal Proceedings.”

Stock Repurchase Program.On December 3, 2007, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $1 billion of our outstanding shares of common stock under a new share repurchase program. This share repurchase program expires on November 30, 2010, and may be terminated at any time. At MayAugust 31, 2009, we had not repurchased any stock under this program. Under the terms of our CPP transaction, we are prohibited from repurchasing our common stock for a period of three years,until March 2012, except in connection with the administration of an employee benefit plan in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, unless (i) all of the senior preferred stock issued to the U.S. Treasury is redeemed, (ii) all of the senior preferred stock issued to the U.S. Treasury has been transferred to third parties, or (iii) we receive the consent of the U.S. Treasury. Furthermore, so long as any of the preferred stock issued under the CPP is outstanding, we may not repurchase any of our shares of common stock unless all accrued and unpaid dividends are paid on such preferred stock.

Impact of FASB Statements No. 166 and 167.167. The trusts used in the securitizations currently are not consolidated on our financial statements for reporting purposes because the trusts are qualifying special purpose entities under FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 140,Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities,as amended. In June 2009, the FASB issued Statements No. 166 and 167 which will be effective for us on December 1, 2009. These statements will require

us to consolidate the securitization trusts on our balance sheet, which will have a significantmaterial impact on our consolidated financial statements and our regulatory capital. For further discussion, see “—Accounting Treatment for Off-Balance Sheet Securitizations” above. For a further discussion of the regulatory capital impact, see “—Funding Sources—Securitization Financing” and “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors.Financing.

Securities Available-for-Sale.At May 31, 2009, we held $1.4 billion in available-for-sale investment securities marked at fair value. This amount includes $977.4 million of certificated retained interests in DCENT. Our available-for-sale investment securities also include $393.6 million of investments made in third-party credit card asset-backed securities. As of May 31, 2009, the weighted average life of all of our available-for-sale investment securities was approximately one year.

Funding Sources

Deposits.We utilize deposits to diversify funding sources and to reduce our reliance on short-term credit sensitive funding sources, thus enhancing our liquidity position. Our response to the disruptions in the securitization market described below has been, and we anticipate will continue to be, increased utilization of deposits. We obtain our deposits through two channels: (1) contractual arrangements with securities brokerage firms, which place deposits with their customers and other brokerage firms; and, increasingly, (2)(i) products offered directly to consumers through direct mail, internet origination and affinity relationships, including certificates of deposit, and money market accounts.accounts and online savings accounts; and (ii) contractual arrangements with securities brokerage firms, which place deposits with their customers and other brokerage firms. We currently utilize five of the largest securities brokerage firms to obtain deposit funding through distribution of our certificates of deposit to their customers. Four of these five brokerage firms have external selling group capability, which allows them to distribute deposits through other brokerage firms. We have elected to use the selling group capabilities of these brokerage firms to increase our deposit gathering capabilities.

Our certificates of deposit have maturities ranging from one month to fifteen years, and had a weighted average maturity of 2726 months at MayAugust 31, 2009, which is up from 22 months at May 31, 2008 as a result of issuances of deposits with longer maturities.2009. Total interest-bearing deposits at MayAugust 31, 2009 were $29.1$29.5 billion, the remaining maturities of which are summarized in the following table (dollars in thousands):

 

  Total  Three Months
or Less
  Over Three
Months
Through Six
Months
  Over Six
Months
Through
Twelve
Months
  Over Twelve
Months
  Total  Three Months
or Less
  Over Three
Months
Through Six
Months
  Over Six
Months
Through

Twelve
Months
  Over Twelve
Months

Certificates of deposit in amounts less than $100,000(1)

  $22,568,632  $1,758,974  $1,296,632  $3,309,885  $16,203,141  $22,096,073  $1,312,154  $1,391,181  $4,322,693  $15,070,045

Certificates of deposit in amounts of $100,000(1) or greater

   2,483,863   305,995   295,891   675,624   1,206,353   3,135,241   319,171   360,756   1,027,188   1,428,126

Savings deposits, including money market deposit accounts

   4,033,399   4,033,399   —     —     —     4,237,745   4,237,745   —     —     —  
                              

Total interest-bearing deposits

  $29,085,894  $6,098,368  $1,592,523  $3,985,509  $17,409,494  $29,469,059  $5,869,070  $1,751,937  $5,349,881  $16,498,171
                              

 

(1)Represents the basic insurance amount covered by the FDIC. Effective May 20, 2009, thea standard insurance amount of $250,000 per depositor is in effect through December 31, 2013.

Securitization Financing. Historically, we have used the securitization of credit card receivables as one of our largest single sourcesources of funding, including both the public securitization market and the privately placed asset-backed commercial paper conduit financing market. Due to recent

From 2008 into 2009, market events and continued disruption in the capital markets,market disruptions had made the securitization markets have not been availablemarket unavailable at volumes and pricing levels that would be attractive to us. Our last public securitization transaction closed on June 18, 2008.

On March 3, 2009,In November 2008, the Federal Reserve announced the launch of the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility, or TALF, in an effort to facilitate the issuance of asset-backed securities by offering financing on

relatively favorable terms. On August 17, 2009, the Federal Reserve extended the TALF program from December 31, 2009 to March 31, 2010. Under the TALF extension, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York will lend up to $200 billion (potentially expanding to $1 trillion)funds on a non-recourse basis to holders of certain AAA-ratedtriple-A rated asset-backed securities, including newly issued credit-card backed securities, in an amount for any issuer up to

the total amount of maturities of a particular issuer through March 31, 2010. Through the TALF program, DCENT issued its first TALF-eligible transaction on July 14, 2009 maturities. Dependingfor $1.5 billion with a three year term. DCENT issued a second TALF-eligible transaction on investor demand, pricing considerationsSeptember 11, 2009 for $1.3 billion with a three year term.

While we potentially have access through March 2010 to an additional $10.2 billion of issuances of asset-backed securities through the TALF program, uncertainty over existing FDIC guidance regarding standards for legal isolation of the transferred assets following the change in accounting rules under FASB Statements No. 166 and funding alternatives, and our ability167 has recently made it difficult or impossible to obtain the required ratings for securities of our securitization trusts to qualify as eligible securities under the TALF program. The triple-A rating of DCENT Class A Notes issued to date has been based, in part, on the FDIC’s rule entitled “Treatment by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation as Conservator or Receiver of Financial Assets Transferred by an Insured Depository Institution in Connection with a Securitization or Participation” (the “FDIC Rule”), which provides that the FDIC will not seek to reclaim or recover assets transferred in connection with a securitization, or recharacterize them as assets of the insured depository institution, provided such transfer meets the conditions for sale accounting treatment under GAAP. Pursuant to FASB Statements No. 166 and 167, effective December 1, 2009, the transfer of assets made to the Discover Card Master Trust I (“DCMT”) and DCENT will no longer qualify for sale accounting treatment. Consequently, there is uncertainty in the securitization market as to how the FDIC will treat assets transferred into securitization vehicles under FASB Statements No. 166 and 167. Citing this uncertainty, Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s have recently announced that they will not provide a triple-A rating to securities issued by certain securitization structures until the FDIC has provided clarity with respect to the FDIC Rule. As securities issued in connection with the TALF program are required to have triple-A ratings from at least two of the nationally recognized rating agencies, onwe do not expect our senior-most class of securities issued by the securitization trusts we have the potentialto be able to issue approximately $6.5 billionsecurities through TALF until this uncertainty around the FDIC Rule has been resolved. We expect that this uncertainty will also prevent us from issuing asset-backed securities outside of TALF-eligible securities. Discover Bank, DCMT and DCENT filed a prospectus supplement and prospectus with the SEC on June 29, 2009, relating to an offeringTALF program until it has been resolved.

Further, the criteria for issuances of DCENT Class A(2009-1) Notes that are expected to beasset-backed securities eligible for funding under the TALF program. Pursuantprogram continue to a pricing term sheet filed by Discover Bank, DCMTevolve and DCENT on July 1, 2009, the DCENT Class A(2009-1) Notes are expectedwe cannot be certain that we would be able to be issuedmeet such criteria in the amountfuture. For example, the Federal Reserve Bank of $1.5 billion withNew York recently introduced a three-year term.formal risk assessment process for all proposed issuances of non-mortgage asset-backed securities beginning in November. The DCENT Class A(2009-1) Notes are expectedprocess will involve Federal Reserve review of proposed issuances to be issued on July 14, 2009, subjectdetermine whether they meet standards related to satisfactioncredit quality, transparency and simplicity of all closing conditions, including those arising under the TALF program. Our ability to access thestructure.

The securitization markets may be limited in the future iftrusts we are not able to complete the trust support actions described below. See “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

We use non-consolidated securitization trusts to securitize our credit card loan receivables.receivables are not consolidated with our financial statements, but will be on December 1, 2009. See “—Accounting Treatment for Off-Balance Sheet Securitizations” for more information. Securitized loans against which beneficial interests have been issued generally are accounted for as sold and, accordingly, are removed from theour consolidated statements of financial condition. We have historically securitizedGenerally we securitize between approximately 50% and 60% of our managed credit card loan receivables; however, due to the disruptions in the securitization market, only 48% of managed loans are securitized at May 31, 2009.receivables. Outstanding public and private asset-backed commercial paper conduit financing, for the three months ended Mayincluding issuances to related parties, at August 31, 2009 were $19.9was $22.4 billion and $3.4$2.7 billion, respectively. At MayAugust 31, 2009, we had $750 million$1.5 billion in unused asset-backed commercial paper conduit capacity.

The following table summarizes expected maturities of the investors’ interests in securitizations at MayAugust 31, 2009 (dollars in thousands):

 

   Total  Less Than
One Year
  One Year
Through
Three Years
  Four Years
Through
Five Years
  After Five
Years

Scheduled maturities of the investors’ interests in securitizations

  $23,320,270  $11,569,213  $6,582,634  $3,968,423  $1,200,000
   Total  Less Than
One Year
  One Year
Through
Three Years
  Four Years
Through
Five Years
  After Five
Years

Scheduled maturities of the investors’ interests in securitizations

  $25,086,474  $11,579,646  $7,960,822  $4,465,759  $1,080,247

We access the public assetasset-backed securitization market through the Discover Card Master Trust IDCMT and, since July 26, 2007, DCENT, using receivables generated by our U.S. Card business. Through the Discover Card Master Trust I,DCMT we have used a structure utilizing

Class A, triple-A rated certificates and Class B, single-A rated certificates held by third parties, with credit enhancement provided by the subordinated Class B certificates, and a cash collateral account.account and a more subordinated Series 2009-CE certificate that we retain. DCENT includes up toconsists of four classes of securities, sold to investors,(Class A, B, C and D) with the most senior class generally receiving a triple-A rating. In this structure, in order to issue senior, higher rated classes of notes, it is necessary to obtain the appropriate amount of credit enhancement, generally through the issuance of junior, lower rated or more highly subordinated classes of notes. In the second quarterfirst half of 2009, substantially all of the securities issued by the securitization trusts were placed on ratings watch with negative outlooks by Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s rating agencies. In order to maintain our current ratings of these securitiesthe third quarter 2009, we announcedcompleted the following planned actions on June 17, 2009:initiatives primarily to address the trusts’ ratings watches:

 

Issuance of aDiscoverSeries Class D (2009-1) note from DCENT that would provideadds 6.5% credit enhancement to all outstanding notes of the DiscoverSeries and that would be available to support new issuances of DiscoverSeries notes. The initialnotes through increases in the stated principal amount. On August 31, 2009, the stated principal amount of the Class D notes will bewas approximately $600$651 million, which iswas approximately 6.5% of the then outstanding notes of DCENT including the Class D notes. A wholly ownedwholly-owned subsidiary of Discover Bank will acquireacquired the DCENT Class D retained issuance.

 

Issuance of Series 2009-CE from DCMT to provideprovides credit enhancement to DCMT investor certificates. This subordinate series will supportsupports all outstanding series of DCMT other than Series 2007-CC (which supportsenables issuance of the DCENT notes, for which the DiscoverSeries Class D notes are being issued). The initial stated principal amount of this subordinate series will bewas approximately $1 billion, which is equivalent to 6.5% of the series investor interests, including the subordinate series. DCMT Series 1996-4, which had lower initial levels of credit enhancement, will receivereceived additional credit enhancement through the subordinate series in an amount bringing its enhancement levels in line with other comparable series of DCMT certificates. The DCMT Series 2009-CE investor certificates were acquired by a wholly-owned subsidiary of Discover Bank.

subordinate series in an amount that will bring its enhancement levels in line with other comparable series of DCMT certificates. It is anticipated that DCMT 2009-CE will be issued on or about July 24, 2009 and the investor certificates will be acquired by a wholly owned subsidiary of Discover Bank.

On July 31, 2009, DCMT began to allocate to Series 1996-4, Series 2003-3 and Series 2003-4, Subseries 2 their proportionate share of the interchange allocated to DCMT. These series, which were issued before Discover Bank began transferring interchange to DCMT, previously did not receive any allocation of interchange. The remaining 14 series of DCMT investor certificates already received allocations of interchange. This change eliminates the difference between group excess spread and interchange sub-group excess spread and causes these three older series to have allocations consistent with those for all DCMT securities issued during or after 2004.

In addition to thesethe actions undertaken to maintain credit ratings, in September 2009 we are planning to take these additional steps related to DCMT:

Issuance ofissued Series 2009-SD forfrom DCMT to enhance excess spread for all outstanding series of investor certificates and tranches of DiscoverSeries notes. Series 2009-SD will makemakes all of its principal collections available for reallocation on an as-needed basis to all outstanding series (including the DiscoverSeries) to cover shortfalls in interest and servicing fees and to reimburse charge-offs for those other series. The availability of these principal collections will increaseincreases excess spread levels for the master trustDCMT and for the DiscoverSeries notes. The Series 2009-SD interest will have an initial receivables interestremain equal to approximately 2.0% of the total receivables interest of investorsinvestors’ interests in DCMT and will beDCENT at any time, and is scheduled to mature in December 2011. However, it may mature earlier with rating agency consent or it may be extended in accordance with its terms. It is anticipated thatThe DCMT Series 2009-SD will be issued in September 2009 and the investor certificates will bewere acquired by a wholly ownedwholly-owned subsidiary of Discover Bank.

DCMT will begin to allocate to Series 1996-4, Series 2003-3 and Series 2003-4, Subseries 2 their proportionate share of the interchange allocated to DCMT. These series, which were issued before Discover Bank began transferring interchange to DCMT, currently do not receive any allocation of interchange. The remaining 14 series of DCMT investor certificates already receive allocations of interchange. This change will eliminate the difference between group excess spread levels and interchange sub-group excess spread levels and cause these three older series to have allocations consistent with those for all DCMT securities issued during or after 2004. It is anticipated that requisite amendments will be executed on or about July 31, 2009.

These trust actions will resultresulted in all of the negative ratings watches of our trusts’ ratings being removed and such ratings being either affirmed or upgraded. The trust actions also resulted in approximately $1.6$1.65 billion of our seller’s interest as of August 31, 2009, included in loans receivable on theour consolidated statements of financial condition, being recharacterized as held-to-maturity investment securities, and accordingly, a reduction to the allowance for loan losses of approximately $115$119.3 million. Additionally, these trust actions will resultresulted in the Company and Discover Bank being required to include the assets of the trusts, exclusive of any retained interests held on-balance sheet, in our regulatory capital calculations.calculations beginning in the third quarter 2009. Although this inclusion for regulatory capital purposes will reducereduces the capital ratios of the Company and Discover Bank, we expect thatthe capital ratios of the Company and

Discover Bank will continue to remain above the well-capitalized levels. See “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors.” The following table showsadditional detail on our capital amounts and ratios as of May 31, 2009 and on a pro forma basis as of May 31, 2009. The pro forma amounts reflect the impact of (i) the additionsin Note 13: Capital Adequacy to risk-weighted assets as a result of the anticipated trust actions and (ii) the impact of capital contributions to be made to Discover Bank by the Company in advance of the securitization actions.our consolidated financial statements.

   As of May 31, 2009 
   Actual  Pro Forma 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Discover Financial Services

  

Total Capital

  $7,648,471   $7,717,552  

Tier 1 Capital

  $7,013,283   $7,013,283  

Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio

   19.9  14.0

Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio

   18.2  12.7

Tier 1 Leverage Ratio

   16.8  10.9

Discover Bank

   

Total Capital

  $5,469,108   $6,283,709  

Tier 1 Capital

  $5,010,056   $5,606,056  

Total Risk Based Capital Ratio

   17.1  11.9

Tier 1 Risk Based Capital Ratio

   15.7  10.6

Tier 1 Leverage Ratio

   13.4  9.3

As of MayAt August 31, 2009, we had triple-A rated note issuance capacity of $4.3$2.7 billion in DCENT, subject to market availability.DCENT. In order to maintain this level of triple-A rated note issuance capacity, we have purchased approximately $1.1 billion principal amount of subordinated notes issued by DCENT, which are classified as available-for-sale investment securities for accounting purposes. On September 1, 2009, we issued $0.4 billion of additional subordinated notes, which increased our triple-A rated note issuance capacity to $5.0 billion. On September 11, 2009, we issued $1.3 billion of triple-A notes eligible for funding under TALF, decreasing our triple-A rated note issuance availability to $3.7 billion. The capacity of our securitization trusts to issue triple-A rated securities is subject to resolution of uncertainty around the FDIC Rule as described above. In the future, we may purchase additional subordinated notes to maintainincrease our triple-A rated note issuance capacity. Additionally, we expect the Class D notes, Series 2009-CE and Series 2009-SD, described above, to be acquired by a wholly-owned subsidiary of Discover Bank.

As of MayAugust 31, 2009, the balance of cash collateral account loans on which we provided funding was $987.1$939.7 million and is recorded in amounts due from asset securitization in theour consolidated statement of financial condition at its fair value of $959.1$913.1 million. A majority of this funding was obtained through a loan facility entered into between a consolidated special purpose subsidiary, DRFC Funding LLC, and third-party lenders. At MayAugust 31, 2009, $624.7$593.2 million of the DRFC Funding LLC loan facility remains outstanding and is recorded in long-term borrowings in theour consolidated statement of financial condition. Repayment of this loan facility is secured by $937.1$889.7 million of cash collateral account loans at MayAugust 31, 2009.

The following table summarizes estimated maturities of the cash collateral accounts at MayAugust 31, 2009 (dollars in thousands):

 

   Total  Less Than
One Year
  One Year
Through
Three Years
  Four Years
Through

Five Years
  After Five
Years

Scheduled maturities of cash collateral accounts

  $987,106  $476,316  $363,158  $147,632  —  
   Total  Less Than
One Year
  One Year
Through
Three Years
  Four Years
Through
Five Years
  After Five
Years

Scheduled maturities of cash collateral accounts

  $939,737  $428,947  $363,158  $147,632  —  

The securitization structures include certain features designed to protect investors that could result in earlier than expected repayment of the underlying securities, accelerating the need for alternative funding. The primary feature relates to the availability and adequacy of cash flows in the securitized pool of receivables to meet contractual requirements, the insufficiency of which triggers early repayment of the securities. We refer to this as “economic early amortization,” which is based on excess spread levels. Excess spread is the amount by which income received by a trust during a collection period, including interest collections, fees and interchange, exceeds the fees and expenses of the trust during such collection period, including interest expense, servicing fees and charged-off receivables. In the event of an economic early amortization, which would occur if the excess spread falls below 0% for a contractually specified period, generally a three-month rolling average, the receivables that otherwise would have been subsequently purchased by the trust from us would instead continue to be recognized on our consolidated statement of financial condition since the cash flows generated in the trust would instead be used to repay investors in the asset-backed securities. As of MayAugust 31, 2009, no economic early amortization events have occurred. The tabletables below providesprovide information concerning investor interestinvestors’ interests and related excess spreads at MayAugust 31, 2009 (dollars in thousands):

 

   Investors’
Interests
  # of Series
Outstanding
  3-Month Rolling
Average Excess
Spread
 

Interchange series(1)

  $11,915,795  14  6.00

Non-interchange series

   2,789,475  3  2.94
         

Discover Card Master Trust I

   14,705,270  17  

Discover Card Execution Note Trust(1)

   8,615,000  20  4.65
         

Total investors’ interests

  $23,320,270  37  
         
   Investors’
Interests
  # of Series
Outstanding

DCMT interchange series

  $15,070,431  17

DCMT non-interchange series(1)

   —    —  
       

Discover Card Master Trust I

   15,070,431  17

Discover Card Execution Note Trust (DiscoverSeries notes)

   10,016,043  22
       

Total investors’ interests

  $25,086,474  39
       

 

(1)Discover Card Master Trust IEffective July 31, 2009, all DCMT certificates issued on or after November 4, 2004 and all notes issued by DCENT include cash flows derived from merchant discount and interchange revenue earned by Discover Card.

Short-Term Borrowings. Short-term borrowings consist
3-Month Rolling
Average Excess
Spread(1)

Group excess spread percentage(2)

5.37

Interchange Subgroup excess spread percentage(2)

6.44

DiscoverSeries excess spread percentage

5.27

(1)DCMT certificates refer to the higher of the Group and Interchange Subgroup excess spreads shown above, as well as their applicable series excess spreads, in assessing whether an economic early amortization has occurred. DiscoverSeries notes refer to the higher of the Group, Interchange Subgroup and DiscoverSeries excess spreads shown above in assessing whether an economic early amortization has occurred.
(2)The three-month rolling average group excess spread for DCMT includes one monthly rate containing the performance of series not allocated merchant discount and interchange revenue. Beginning with the month ended September 30, 2009, the three-month average Group excess spread and Interchange Subgroup excess spread will be the same.

An additional aspect of borrowings throughour securitization structure is a requirement that we accumulate principal collections into a reserve account in the Federal Reserve’s Term Auction Facility, term and overnight Federal Funds purchased and other short-term borrowings with originalamount of scheduled maturities on a pro rata basis over the 12 months prior to a security’s maturity date. We have the option under our securitization documents to shorten this accumulation period, subject to the satisfaction of lesscertain conditions, including reaffirmation from each of the rating agencies of the security’s required rating. Historically, we have exercised this option to shorten the accumulation period to one month prior to maturity. If we were to determine that the payment rate on the underlying receivables would not support a one-month accumulation period, or if one or more of the rating agencies were to require an accumulation period of longer than one year. At May 31, 2009,month, we had borrowed $500 million throughwould need to begin accumulating principal cash flows earlier than we have historically. We do not believe that an inability to shorten the Term Auction

Facility at an interest rate of 0.25%. The borrowings under the Term Auction Facility allowed usaccumulation period would materially impact our ability to obtain funding at a lower interest rate than alternatives existing at that time.execute our liquidity management strategies.

Long-Term Borrowings and Bank Notes. At MayAugust 31, 2009, we had $1.2 billion principal amount of senior notes outstanding. In the third quarter 2009, we issued a ten-year $400 million senior unsecured note with a fixed interest rate of 10.25% that matures in July 2019. In addition to this new senior note issuance, we had $400 million principal amount of floating rate senior notesunsecured outstanding, which mature in June 2010, and $400 million principal amount of fixed rate senior notes outstanding whichthat mature in June 2017. In October 2008, the FDIC established the Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program (the “TLGP”) pursuant to which the FDIC will guarantee the timely payment of interest and principal on certain newly-issued senior unsecured debt of eligible entities issued on or before October 31, 2009. Discover Bank has opted into the TLGP and is eligible to receive the benefit of the TLGP guarantee in connection with the issuance of senior unsecured debt of up to $312.5 million.

Available Credit Facilities

Secured Committed Credit Facilities.The maintenance of revolving committed credit agreements serves to further diversify our funding sources. In connection with our asset securitization program, we have access to committed undrawn funding capacity through privately placed asset-backed commercial paper conduits to support credit card loan receivables funding requirements. At MayAugust 31, 2009, we had used $3.4$2.7 billion of capacity under these conduits, including $750 million utilized during the second quarter of 2009 and had $750 millionwith $1.5 billion remaining capacity available to us. The original commitments of these facilities range from 364-day renewable agreements to multi-year extendable commitments.

Unsecured Committed Credit Facilities.Facility.As of May 31, 2009, ourOur unsecured committed credit facility of $2.4 billion is effectiveavailable through May 2012. This facility serves to diversify our funding sources and enhance our liquidity. This facility became effective at the time of the spin-off, is provided by a group of major global banks, and is available to both Discover Financial Services and Discover Bank (Discover Financial Services may borrow up to 30% and Discover Bank may borrow up to 100% of the total commitment). We anticipate that the facility will support general liquidity needs and may be drawn to meet short-term funding needs from time to time. At May 31, 2009, we hadWe have no outstanding balances due under the facility.

Federal Reserve.Discover Bank has access to the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia’s discount window and has participated in the Federal Reserve’s Term Auction Facility. In December 2007, the Federal Reserve announced the establishmentwindow. As of a temporary Term Auction Facility. All depository institutions that are judged to be in generally sound financial condition by their local Reserve Bank and that are eligible to borrow under the primary credit discount window program are eligible to participate in Term Auction Facility auctions.August 31, 2009, Discover Bank had $5.8$6.4 billion of available capacity through the Federal discount

window, as of May 31, 2009, which includes remaining$3.2 billion capacity underthrough the Term Auction Facility of $2.6 billion.Facility. On April 27, 2009, the Federal Reserve decreased the amount it will lend against certain loans pledged as collateral. In the second quarter of 2009, we added personal loans as pledged assets that primarily offset the decrease in the discount window capacity. At May 31, 2009, we had borrowed $500 million under the Term Auction Facility.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

See “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Funding Sources—Securitization Financing” and “—Accounting Treatment for Off-Balance Sheet Securitizations.”

Guarantees

Guarantees are contracts or indemnification agreements that contingently require us to make payments to a guaranteed party based on changes in an underlying asset, liability, or equity security of a guaranteed party, rate or index. Our guarantees relate to certain representations and warranties made with regard to securitized loans, transactions processed on the Discover Network and transactions processed by Diners Club licensees and indemnifications made in conjunction with the sale of the Goldfish business.licensees. Also included in guarantees are contracts that contingently require the guarantor to make payments to a guaranteed party based on another entity’s failure to perform under an agreement. See Note 14: Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees to theour consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding our guarantees.

Contractual Obligations and Contingent Liabilities and Commitments

In the normal course of business, we enter into various contractual obligations that may require future cash payments. Contractual obligations at MayAugust 31, 2009, which include deposits, long-term borrowings, purchase obligations and operating and capital lease obligations, were $31.2$32.0 billion. For a description of our contractual obligations as onof November 30, 2008, see our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending November 30, 2008 under “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial ConditionsCondition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Contractual Obligations and Contingent Liabilities and Commitments.”

During the six months ended May 31, 2009, we increased our owned loans by $2.2 billion. As part of our risk management strategies, we reduced our unused commitments by $26$33 billion from November 30, 2008 to $181$174 billion, as a result of closing inactive accounts. Such commitments arise primarily from agreements with customers for unused lines of credit on certain credit cards, provided there is no violation of conditions established in the related agreement. These commitments, substantially all of which we can terminate at any time and which do not necessarily represent future cash requirements, are periodically reviewed based on account usage and customer creditworthiness. In addition, in the ordinary course of business, we guarantee payment on behalf of subsidiaries relating to contractual obligations with external parties. The activities of the subsidiaries covered by these guarantees, if any, are included in our consolidated financial statements.

 

Item 3.3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market risk refers to the risk that a change in the level of one or more market prices, rates, indices, correlations or other market factors will result in losses for a position or portfolio. We are exposed to market risk primarily from changes in interest rates.

Interest Rate Risk. Changes in interest rates impact interest-earning assets, principally managed loan receivables. Changes in interest rates also impact interest sensitive liabilities that finance these assets, including asset-backed securitizations, deposits, and short-term and long-term borrowings.

Our interest rate risk management policies are designed to measure and manage the potential volatility of earnings that may arise from changes in interest rates by having a financing portfolio that reflects the existing

repricing schedules of credit card loan receivables. To the extent that asset and related financing repricing characteristics of a particular portfolio are not matched effectively, we may utilize interest rate derivative contracts, such as swap agreements, to achieve our objectives. Interest rate swap agreements effectively convert the underlying asset or financing from fixed to floating rate or from floating to fixed rate.

We use an interest rate sensitivity simulation to assess our interest rate risk exposure. For purposes of presenting the possible earnings effect of a hypothetical, adverse change in interest rates over the 12-month period from our reporting date, we assume that all interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities will be impacted by a hypothetical, immediate 100 basis point increase in interest rates as of the beginning of the period. The sensitivity is based upon the hypothetical assumption that all relevant types of interest rates that affect our results would increase instantaneously, simultaneously and to the same degree.

Our interest rate sensitive assets include certain loan receivables, Federal Funds sold, certain amounts due from asset securitizations, interest-earning deposits and certain investment securities. PortionsAlthough we have moved the majority of our credit card loan receivablesaccounts to variable rates, some of our accounts are still at fixed rates. Due to new credit card legislation, we have fixed interest rates, although we currently have the right, with noticerestrictions on our ability to cardmembers, to subsequently reprice these receivables to a newmitigate interest rate unless the account has been closed or the cardmember opts out of repricing actions.risk by adjusting rates on existing balances. Assets with rates that are fixed at period end but which will mature, or otherwise contractually reset to a market-based indexed rate or other fixed rate prior to the end of the 12-month period, are considered to be rate sensitive. The latter category includes certain credit card loans that may be offered at below-market rates for an introductory period, such as balance transfers and special promotional

programs, after which the loans will contractually reprice in accordance with our normal market-based pricing structure. For purposes of measuring rate sensitivity for such loans, only the effect of the hypothetical 100 basis point change in the underlying market-based indexed rate or other fixed rate has been considered rather than the full change in the rate to which the loan would contractually reprice. For assets that have a fixed interest rate at the fiscal period end but which contractually will, or are assumed to, reset to a market-based indexed rate or other fixed rate during the next 12 months, earnings sensitivity is measured from the expected repricing date. In addition, for all interest rate sensitive assets, earnings sensitivity is calculated net of expected loan losses.

Interest rate sensitive liabilities are assumed to be those for which the stated interest rate is not contractually fixed for the next 12-month period. Thus, liabilities that vary with changes in a market-based index, such as Federal Funds or LIBOR, which will reset before the end of the 12-month period, or liabilities whose rates are fixed at the fiscal period end but which will mature and are assumed to be replaced with a market-based indexed rate prior to the end of the 12-month period, also are considered to be rate sensitive. For these fixed rate liabilities, earnings sensitivity is measured from the expected repricing date.

Assuming an immediate 100 basis point increase in the interest rates affecting all interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities at MayAugust 31, 2009, we estimate that the pretax income of lending and related activities (reported on a managed basis) over the following 12-month period would be increased by approximately $22$108 million. WeAssuming the same 100 basis point increase, we estimated the reduction of pretax income for the 12-month period following November 30, 2008 to be approximately $38 million. At MayAugust 31, 2009, we are slightly more asset sensitive due to changes in our asset composition and timing. We have not provided an estimate of any impact on pretax income of a decrease in interest rates as many of our interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities are tied to interest rates that are already at or near their minimum levels and, therefore, could not decrease any further.

 

Item 4.4.    Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange

Act”)), which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by this report that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1.1.    Legal Proceedings

In the normal course of business, we have been named, from time to time, as a defendant in various legal actions, including arbitrations, class actions, and other litigation, arising in connection with our activities. Certain of the actual or threatened legal actions include claims for substantial compensatory and/or punitive damages or claims for indeterminate amounts of damages. We have historically relied on the arbitration clause in our cardmember agreements, which has limited the costs of, and our exposure to, litigation. We are also involved, from time to time, in other reviews, investigations and proceedings (both formal and informal) by governmental agencies regarding our business, including, among other matters, accounting and operational matters, some of which may result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, injunctions, or other relief. Litigation and regulatory actions could also adversely affect our reputation.

We contest liability and/or the amount of damages as appropriate in each pending matter. In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of such matters, particularly in cases where claimants seek substantial or indeterminate damages or where investigations and proceedings are in the early stages, we cannot predict with certainty the loss or range of loss, if any, related to such matters, how such matters will be resolved, when they will ultimately be resolved, or what the eventual settlement, fine, penalty or other relief, if any, might be. Subject to the foregoing, we believe, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that the outcome of the pending matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, although the outcome of such matters could be material to our operating results and cash flows for a particular future period, depending on, among other things, our level of income for such period.

We filed a lawsuit captionedDiscover Financial Services, Inc. v. Visa USA Inc., MasterCard Inc. et al. in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York on October 4, 2004. Through this lawsuit we sought to recover substantial damages and other appropriate relief in connection with Visa’s and MasterCard’s illegal anticompetitive practices that, among other things, foreclosed us from the credit and debit network services markets. The lawsuit followed the U.S. Supreme Court’s October 2004 denial of Visa’s and MasterCard’s petition for review of the decision of the U.S. Court of Appeals affirming a lower court decision in a case brought by the U.S. Department of Justice in which the court found that Visa’s and MasterCard’s exclusionary rules violated the antitrust laws and harmed competition and consumers by foreclosing us from offering credit and debit network services to banks. During the third quarter of 2008, the court issued rulings on the parties’ motions for summary judgment. Among other things, the court’s rulings precluded Visa and MasterCard from relitigating elements of our core claim that were already decided in the U.S. Department of Justice lawsuit and otherwise limited the remaining issues for trial, which was scheduled for October 14, 2008.

We executed an agreement to settle the lawsuit with MasterCard and Visa on October 27, 2008. The agreement became effective on November 4, 2008 upon receipt of the approval of Visa’s Class B shareholders. Under the settlement, Visa and MasterCard agreed to pay us up to $2.75 billion in exchange for our agreement to dismiss the lawsuit and release all claims. MasterCard agreed to pay us a lump sum in the amount of $862.5 million, which we received in the fourth quarter of 2008. Visa agreed to pay us up to an aggregate amount of approximately $1.9 billion, in four installments of up to $472 million each on December 15, 2008, March 13, 2009, June 15, 2009 and September 28, 2009, plus interest. The payments from Visa are contingent on the Company achieving certain financial performance measures. For each of the first three fiscal quarters in 2009, Visa agreed to pay us an amount equal to 5% of each quarter’s total combined transaction sales volume for Company payment cards, including payment cards issued by the Company and payment cards issued by third parties on the Discover, PULSE and Diners Club networks, up to the maximum amount for each quarter stated above. For the fourth payment, which covers a three-week period in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2009, Visa agreed to pay us an amount equal to 21% of the period’s total combined transaction sales volume, up to the maximum quarterly payment amount stated above. The settlement agreement provides for adjustments to the maximum amounts and for other adjustments based on whether we achieve the financial performance measures. On December 15, 2008, March 13, 2009, and June 15, 2009 and September 28, 2009, we received quarterly payments from Visa in the amounts of $472 million each.

At the time of our 2007 spin-off from Morgan Stanley, we entered into an agreement with Morgan Stanley regarding the manner in which the antitrust case against Visa and MasterCard was to be pursued and settled and how proceeds of the litigation were to be shared (the “Special Dividend Agreement”). As previously disclosed, the agreement provided that, upon resolution of the litigation, after expenses, we would be required to pay Morgan Stanley the first $700 million of value of cash or non-cash proceeds (increased at the rate of 6% per annum until paid in full) (the “minimum proceeds”), plus 50% of any proceeds in excess of $1.5 billion, subject to certain limitations and a maximum potential payment to Morgan Stanley of $1.5 billion. All payments by us to Morgan Stanley would be net of taxes payable by us with respect to such proceeds. On October 21, 2008, Morgan Stanley filed a lawsuit against us in New York Supreme Court for New York County seeking a declaration that Morgan Stanley did not breach the Special Dividend Agreement, did not interfere with any of our existing or prospective agreements for resolution of the antitrust case against Visa and MasterCard and that Morgan Stanley is entitled to receive a portion of the settlement proceeds as set forth in the Special Dividend Agreement. On November 18, 2008, we filed our response to Morgan Stanley’s lawsuit, which includes counterclaims against Morgan Stanley for interference with our efforts to resolve the antitrust lawsuit against Visa and MasterCard and willful and material breach of the Special Dividend Agreement, which expressly provided that we would have sole control over the investigation, prosecution and resolution of the antitrust lawsuit. Through our counterclaims we seek a ruling that because of Morgan Stanley’s willful, material breach of the Special Dividend Agreement it has no right to any of the proceeds from the settlement. We have also requested damages in an amount to be proven at trial. As of September 2009, the parties are currently engaged in pre-trial discovery, and depositions are set to begin in October. Morgan Stanley has also moved for partial summary judgment, and the summary judgment argument is set for late October.

 

Item 1A.1A. Risk Factors

You should carefully consider each ofThere have been no material changes to the risks described below, which supplement the risksrisk factors disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2008, and in our quarterly reportreports on Form 10-Q for the quarterquarters ended February 28, 2009 as well as the factors described at the beginning of “Part I. Financial Information—Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” You should also consider all of the other risks disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K in evaluating us. Our business, financial condition, cash flows and/or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks.

The Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009 will significantly impact our business practices and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

The Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009, or the CARD Act, requires us to make fundamental changes to many of our current business practices, including marketing, underwriting, pricing and billing. For example, we currently have the ability to increase interest rates on existing balances to respond to market conditions and credit risk. The CARD Act will restrict our ability to manage individual risk in this manner. The provisions related to complying with restrictions on over-limit fees and payment allocation will also significantly change our business. There are a number of provisions in the CARD Act that will require significant interpretation by the Federal Reserve and, therefore, are difficult to assess at this time. Most of the requirements of the CARD Act will become effective in February 2010, but several provisions will be effective on August 20, 2009.

The CARD Act’s restrictions on finance charges and fees could result in significantly reduced interest income and loan fee income for us. We rely heavily on interest income. Our interest income for credit card loans was $781.2 million for the second quarter of 2009, which was 68% of revenues (defined as net interest income plus other income), excluding the settlement payment received from Visa. Our loan fee income was $52.3 million for the second quarter of 2009, which was 5% of revenues excluding the Visa payment.

While we anticipate making changes to our pricing, credit and marketing practices that are designed to lessen the impact of the changes required by the CARD Act, there is no assurance that we will be successful. The long-term impact of the CARD Act on our business practices and revenues will depend upon the successful implementation of our strategies, consumer behavior and the actions of our competitors, which are difficult to

predict at this time. Consumers may choose to use credit cards less frequently or for smaller dollar amounts. We may have to reconsider certain strategies in order to remain competitive. If we are not able to lessen the impact of the changes required by the CARD Act, the changes will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

If we are unable to complete certain actions to adjust the credit enhancement structure of the securities issued by the securitization trusts, it would limit our future ability to access the securitization markets.

In an effort to address rating agency concerns and the recent decline in excess spread due to the performance of the underlying credit card receivables in the Discover Card Master Trust I (“DCMT”) and the Discover Card Execution Note Trust (“DCENT”) (together, the “trusts”), our subsidiary, Discover Bank, and the trusts, are planning certain actions affecting outstanding series of securities issued by the trusts in order to adjust the credit enhancement structure of all of the outstanding series of securities previously issued by the trusts, which as of May 31, 2009 were equal to approximately $23 billion. In addition, actions are being taken to standardize the allocation of interchange to all securities issued by the trusts. The actions, which are permitted by the transaction documents governing the trusts, consist of the issuance of a new subordinated class of notes from DCENT, the issuance of two new subordinated series of certificates from DCMT and the allocation of interchange to certain outstanding DCMT series that previously did not receive this allocation. If we are not able to obtain the necessary consent of the credit rating agencies to amend the relevant documentation governing the trusts in order to effectuate these actions, it may limit our future ability to access the securitization markets.

In addition to improving the levels of credit enhancement for existing securities issued by the trusts, the actions proposed to be taken are expected to increase excess spread. The increase to excess spread levels arising from these actions will depend on various factors such as income derived from and the principal payment rate of the securitized credit card receivables portfolio, as well as credit losses on that portfolio. If the trusts are not able to maintain excess spread at a sufficient level, then the DCENT Class C reserve account may need to be funded and early amortization of the securities issued by DCMT, or early redemption of the notes issued by DCENT, could occur, either of which could materially impact our liquidity and our results of operations.

If we are not able to complete these actions as planned, we may not be able to address rating agency concerns, which would limit our future ability to access the securitization markets. A prolonged inability to securitize our receivables may have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, cost of funds, reserves and capital requirements.

Changes to the accounting treatment of securitization transactions could materially adversely affect our financial condition, reserve requirements, capital requirements, liquidity, cost of funds and operations.

Currently under FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 140,Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities,as amended (“Statement No. 140”), the transfers of our credit card loan receivables in securitization transactions qualify for sale accounting treatment. The trusts used in our securitization transactions currently are not consolidated on our financial statements for reporting purposes because the trusts are qualifying special purpose entities (“QSPEs”) under Statement No. 140. Because the transfers qualify as sales and the trusts are not subject to consolidation, the assets and liabilities of the trusts are not reported on our balance sheet under GAAP.

In June 2009, the FASB issued Statements No. 166 and 167, which are effective for us on December 1, 2009. Under Statements No. 166 and 167, the concept of a QSPE has been eliminated. Statement No. 167 prescribes an ongoing assessment of our involvement in the activities of the trusts. The assessment under Statement No. 167 will result in our consolidation of the trusts, which will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. For example, if the trusts were consolidated using the carrying amounts of trust asset and liabilities as of May 31, 2009, this would result in an increase in total assets of approximately

$21.1 billion and an increase in total liabilities of approximately $22.3 billion on our balance sheet, with the difference of approximately $1.2 billion recorded as a charge to retained earnings, net of tax.

As described above, we are taking certain actions to adjust the credit enhancement structure of the securitization trusts. These actions will have the effect of causing the assets of the trusts to be included in our risk-weighted assets for regulatory capital purposes effective on the date of the first such action, which is expected to be July 2, 2009. As a result, the consolidation of the trusts under Statement No. 167 on December 1, 2009 will have a lesser impact on our regulatory capital calculations than would have otherwise been the case, because much of this effect will have been reflected previously as a result of the trust actions. If we are unable to complete any of the proposed trust actions, then the inclusion of the trust assets in our risk-weighted assets for regulatory capital purposes would not occur until December 1, 2009, the effective date of Statements No. 166 and 167 for us. In either case, the charge to retained earnings that we expect as a result of adopting Statement No. 167 will impact our regulatory capital calculations. Although these events will reduce our capital ratios for regulatory capital purposes, we expect our capital ratios to continue to remain above well-capitalized levels as currently defined. However, our regulators can adjust the requirements to be well-capitalized at any time. If we were to fall below the well-capitalized levels, we could become subject to restrictions, such as limiting our ability to issue brokered deposits, that could materially adversely affect our ability to conduct normal operations, our liquidity and our cost of funds.

Additionally, the applicability of an FDIC final rule requires that the transfer of the receivables in securitization transactions receive sale accounting treatment to achieve legal isolation of the receivables from Discover Bank, a core aspect of securitization. It is unclear whether, or to what extent, this rule will be modified by the FDIC to reflect the changed standards under Statement No. 166 and Statement No. 167 and to reflect the expectation that transferors to securitization vehicles will no longer be able to achieve sale accounting treatment on a consolidated basis. Unless these issues are resolved, changes to the accounting treatment for securitizations may result in an inability to achieve legal isolation of the transferred receivables and may prevent future issuances of notes from DCENT.

We cannot at this time confirm what impact Statements No. 166 and 167 will have on the market for asset-backed securities, what effect consolidation of the trusts would have on our ability to maintain the level of receivables in DCMT, or whether Statements No. 166 and 167 will cause Discover Bank to sponsor fewer issuances of notes through DCENT or to discontinue such issuances, or otherwise affect our liquidity.

Item 2.2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The table below sets forth the information with respect to purchases of our common stock made by us or on our behalf during the three months ended MayAugust 31, 2009:

 

Period

  Total Number
of Shares
Purchased(2)
  Average Price
Paid per Share
  Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Plans or
Programs(1)
  Maximum Dollar
Value of Shares
that May Yet Be
Purchased
Under the Plans
or Programs
  Total Number
of Shares
Purchased(2)
  Average Price
Paid per Share
  Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Plans or
Programs(1)
  Maximum Dollar
Value of Shares
that May Yet Be
Purchased
Under the Plans
or Programs

March 1—31, 2009

        

June 1—30, 2009

        

Repurchase program(1)

  —    $—    —    $1 billion  —    $—    —    $1 billion

Employee transactions(2)

  55,257  $7.48  N/A   N/A  3,499  $9.48  N/A   N/A

April 1—30, 2009

        

July 1—31, 2009

        

Repurchase program(1)

  —    $—    —    $1 billion  —    $—    —    $1 billion

Employee transactions(2)

  751  $6.59  N/A   N/A  377,019  $10.15  N/A   N/A

May 1—31, 2009

        

August 1—31, 2009

        

Repurchase program(1)

  —    $—    —    $  1 billion  —    $—    —    $1 billion

Employee transactions(2)

  775  $  8.56  N/A   N/A  6,758  $12.42  N/A   N/A
                        

Total

                

Repurchase program(1)

  —    $—    —    $1 billion  —    $—    —    $1 billion

Employee transactions(2)

  56,783  $7.48  N/A   N/A  387,276  $10.18  N/A   N/A

 

(1)On December 3, 2007, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $1 billion of our outstanding stock under a new share repurchase program. This share repurchase program expires on November 30, 2010, and may be terminated at any time. At MayAugust 31, 2009, we had not repurchased any stock under this program. Under the terms of our CPP transaction, we are generally prohibited from repurchasing our common stock until March 2012, as more fully described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Stock Repurchase Program.”
(2)Reflects shares withheld (under the terms of grants under employee stock compensation plans) to offset tax withholding obligations that occur upon the delivery of outstanding shares underlying restricted stock units or upon the exercise of stock options.

 

Item 3.3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

 

Item 4.4.    Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

We held our annual shareholders’ meeting on April 21, 2009. At the annual meeting, we (i) elected each of the persons listed below to serve as a director of the Company for a term that will continue until the next annual meeting of shareholders or until his or her successor has been duly elected and qualified or the director’s earlier resignation, death or removal, (ii) approved the Discover Financial Services Amended and Restated 2007 Omnibus Incentive Plan, and (iii) ratified the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for 2009.None

Our independent inspector of election reported the vote of the shareholders as follows:

Proposal 1: Election of Directors.

Nominees

  Votes FOR  Votes AGAINST  Votes ABSTAIN

Jeffrey S. Aronin

  375,231,658  17,673,785  944,610

Mary K. Bush

  372,950,974  19,794,204  1,104,875

Gregory C. Case

  376,212,323  16,728,378  909,352

Robert M. Devlin

  385,993,835  6,922,856  933,362

Cynthia A. Glassman

  388,152,227  4,757,406  940,420

Richard H. Lenny

  388,817,750  4,117,828  914,475

Thomas G. Maheras

  375,012,223  17,884,868  952,962

Michael H. Moskow

  386,599,043  6,329,032  921,978

David W. Nelms

  385,138,654  7,937,740  773,659

E. Follin Smith

  375,255,500  17,629,054  965,499

Lawrence A. Weinbach

  386,653,382  6,246,999  949,672

Proposal 2: To approve the Discover Financial Services Amended and Restated 2007 Omnibus Incentive Plan.

Votes FOR

 

Votes AGAINST

 

Votes ABSTAIN

374,352,587 18,200,591 1,296,875

Proposal 3: To ratify the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as independent registered public accounting firm.

Votes FOR

 

Votes AGAINST

 

Votes ABSTAIN

388,312,575 5,073,594 463,884

 

Item 5.5.    Other Information

None

 

Item 6.6.    Exhibits

See “Exhibit Index” for documents filed herewith and incorporated herein by reference.

Signature

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

Discover Financial Services

(Registrant)

By:

 

/s/ ROY GUTHRIE

 

Roy Guthrie

Executive Vice President and

Chief Financial Officer

Date: July 1,October 7, 2009

Exhibit Index

 

Exhibit
Number

  

Description

    3.1

  4.1  Restated CertificateForm of Incorporation ofSubordinated Indenture (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Discover Financial Services.Services’ Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on July 6, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference thereto).

    4.1

  4.2
  Form of Certificate for the Series A Preferred Stock10.250% Senior Note due 2019 (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Discover Financial Services’ Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 13,July 15, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference thereto).

    4.2

10.1
  Warrant for PurchaseOmnibus Amendment to Indenture Supplement and Terms Documents, dated as of Shares of Common StockJuly 2, 2009, between Discover Card Execution Note Trust, as Issuer, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Indenture Trustee (filed as Exhibit 4.24.1 to Discover Financial Services’Bank’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 13,July 6, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference thereto).

  10.1

10.2
  LetterFifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Pooling and Servicing Agreement dated March 13,as of July 24, 2009, between Discover Financial ServicesBank as Master Servicer, Servicer and United States Department of the Treasury, with respect to the issuanceSeller and sale of the Series A Preferred Stock and the WarrantU.S. Bank National Association as Trustee (filed as Exhibit 10.14.1 to Discover Financial Services’Bank’s Current Report on Form 8-K8-K/A filed on March 13,September 21, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference thereto).

  10.2

Side Letter, dated March 13, 2009, between Discover Financial Services and the United States Department of the Treasury (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Discover Financial Services’ Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 13, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference thereto).

  10.3

Form of Waiver, executed by each of Discover Financial Services’ senior executive officers and certain other employees (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Discover Financial Services’ Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 13, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference thereto).

  10.4

Form of Executive Compensation Agreement, dated March 13, 2009, executed by each of Discover Financial Services’ senior executive officers and certain other employees (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to Discover Financial Services’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended February 28, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference thereto).

  10.5

Discover Financial Services Omnibus Incentive Plan (filed as an attachment to Discover Financial Services’ Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on February 27, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference thereto).

  10.6

Amendment No. 2, dated as of March 11, 2009, to the Credit Agreement, dated as of June 6, 2007, among Discover Financial Services, Discover Bank, the subsidiary borrowers from time to time party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to Discover Financial Services’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended February 28, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference thereto).

31.1

  Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Discover Financial Services pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

31.2

  Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Discover Financial Services pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

32.1

  Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Discover Financial Services pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code.
101.INSXBRL Instance Document
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

78