UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-Q

 

 

(Mark One)

xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2012March 31, 2013

OR

 

¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                    to                    

Commission file number 333-160093

 

 

INDEPENDENCE REALTY TRUST, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

 

 

Maryland 26-4567130

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

Cira Centre

2929 Arch St., 17th Floor

Philadelphia, PA

 19104
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(215) 243-9000

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large Accelerated filer ¨  Accelerated filer ¨
Non-Accelerated filer x  Smaller reporting company ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

As of November 7, 2012May 8, 2013 there were 327,5365,643,540 shares of the Registrant’s common stock issued and outstanding.

 

 

 


INDEPENDENCE REALTY TRUST, INC.

INDEX

 

   Page 
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION   23  
Item 1. 

Financial Statements (unaudited)

2

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011

2

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three-Month and Nine-Month Periods ended September  30, 2012 and September 30, 2011

   3  
 

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012

3
Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsOperations for the Three-Month and Nine-Month Periods ended September  30,March 31, 2013 and March 31, 2012 and September 30, 2011

   4  
 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)Cash Flows for the Three-Month and Nine-Month Periods ended September 30,March 31, 2013 and March 31, 2012 and September 30, 2011

   5  
 

Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements as of September 30, 2012March 31, 2013 (unaudited)

   6  
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations   1614  
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk   2320  
Item 4. Controls and Procedures   2421  
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION   2421  
Item 1. Legal Proceedings   2421  
Item 1A. Risk Factors   2421  
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds   2421  
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities   2421  
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures   2421  
Item 5. Other Information   2522  
Item 6. Exhibits   2522  
Signatures   2623  

 

iii


PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item 1.Financial Statements

Independence Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

  As of
September 30,
2012
 As of
December 31,
2011
   As of
March 31,
2013
 As of
December 31,
2012
 

ASSETS:

      

Investments in real estate, net of accumulated depreciation of $11,486 and $9,304, respectively

  $126,523   $128,124  

Investments in real estate:

   

Investments in real estate at cost

  $153,717   $153,565  

Accumulated depreciation

   (13,110  (12,283
  

 

  

 

 

Investments in real estate, net

   140,607    141,282  

Cash and cash equivalents

   3,618    1,107     2,728    2,533  

Restricted cash

   1,194    1,072     1,176    1,150  

Accounts receivable and other assets

   881    543     284    345  

Deferred costs, net of accumulated amortization of $51 and $15, respectively

   395    506  

Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $196 and $79, respectively

   157    274  

Deferred costs, net of accumulated amortization of $86 and $68, respectively

   595    613  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total assets

  $132,611   $131,352  

Total Assets

  $145,547   $146,197  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY:

      

Mortgage indebtedness

  $82,175   $82,175    $92,413   $92,413  

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

   1,766    1,529     1,770    1,986  

Accrued interest payable

   32    32  

Dividends payable

   504    499  

Other liabilities

   618    590     456    416  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total liabilities

   84,559    84,294  

Total Liabilities

   95,175    95,346  

Equity:

      

Stockholders’ equity:

      

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized, 125 shares issued and outstanding

   0    0  

Common stock, $0.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized, 325,023 and 20,000 shares issued and outstanding, respectively

   3    0  

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized, 125 and 125 shares issued and outstanding, respectively

   0    0  

Common stock, $0.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized, 356,558 and 345,063 shares issued and outstanding, respectively

   4    3  

Additional paid-in capital

   3,312    200     3,591    3,490  

Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)

   (296  (113   (448  (401
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total stockholders’ equity

   3,019    87     3,147    3,092  

Non-controlling interest

   45,033    46,971     47,225    47,759  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total equity

   48,052    47,058  

Total Equity

   50,372    50,851  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

  $132,611   $131,352  

Total Liabilities and Equity

  $145,547   $146,197  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Independence Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

  For the Three-Month
Periods Ended September 30
 For the Nine-Month
Periods Ended September 30
   For the Three-Month
Periods Ended March 31
 
  2012 2011 2012 2011   2013 2012 

REVENUE:

        

Rental income

  $3,609   $2,855   $10,827   $4,788    $4,178   $3,566  

Tenant reimbursement and other property income

   202    166    596    273     223    193  

Other income

   230    201    694    335     287    231  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total revenue

   4,041    3,222    12,117    5,396     4,688    3,990  

EXPENSES:

        

Property operating expenses

   2,099    1,721    5,908    2,825     2,165    1,885  

General and administrative expenses

   255    249    860    348     259    305  

Acquisition expenses

   52    58    92    404     0    27  

Depreciation and amortization

   840    630    2,471    1,083     1,036    820  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total expenses

   3,246    2,658    9,331    4,660     3,460    3,037  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Operating Income

   795    564    2,786    736  

Operating income

   1,228    953  

Interest expense

   (809  (629  (2,408  (1,053   (888  (800
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Net income (loss)

   (14  (65  378    (317

Net income (loss):

   340    153  

Income allocated to preferred shares

   (4  0    (12  0     (4  (4

Income (loss) allocated to non-controlling interest

   (10  17    (434  233     (332  (175
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Net income (loss) allocable to common shares

  $(28 $(48 $(68 $(84  $4   $(26
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Earnings (loss) per share:

        

Basic

  $(0.09 $(2.40 $(0.26 $(4.20  $0.01   $(0.21
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Diluted

  $(0.09 $(2.40 $(0.26 $(4.20  $0.00   $(0.21
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Weighted-average shares:

        

Basic

   324,359    20,000    256,883    20,000     345,910    125,495  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Diluted

   324,359    20,000    256,883    20,000     5,620,810    125,495  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Dividends declared per common share

  $0.15   $0.15  
  

 

  

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Independence Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited and dollars in thousands)

 

   For the Nine-Month
Periods Ended
September 30
 
   2012  2011 

Cash flows from operating activities:

   

Net income (loss)

  $378   $(317

Depreciation and amortization

   2,471    1,083  

Amortization of deferred financing costs

   104    6  

Changes in assets and liabilities:

   

Accounts receivable and other assets

   (338  (378

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

   237    1,088  

Other liabilities

   (11  (31
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash from operating activities

   2,841    1,451  

Cash flows from investing activities:

   

Acquisition of real estate properties

   0    (644

Capital expenditures

   (870  (556

Increase in restricted cash

   (122  177  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash from investing activities

   (992  (1,023

Cash flows from financing activities:

   

Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock

   100    0  

Proceeds from issuance of common stock

   3,015    0  

Proceeds from issuance of non-controlling interests

   0    1,250  

Payments for deferred financing costs

   7    (263

Distributions on preferred stock

   (8  0  

Distributions on common stock

   (101  (2

Distributions to non-controlling interests

   (2,351  (412
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash from financing activities

   662    573  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net change in cash and cash equivalents

   2,511    1,001  

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

   1,107    209  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period

  $3,618   $1,210  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Independence Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(Unaudited and dollars in thousands)

   For the Three-Month
Periods Ended September 30
  For the Nine-Month
Periods Ended September 30
 
   2012  2011  2012  2011 

Net income (loss)

  $(14 $(65 $378   $(317
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Comprehensive income (loss) before allocation to non-controlling interests

   (14  (65  378    (317

Allocation to non-controlling interests

   (10  17    (434  233  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Comprehensive income (loss)

  $(24 $(48 $(56 $(84
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   For the Three-Month
Periods Ended March 31
 
   2013  2012 

Cash flows from operating activities:

   

Net income (loss)

  $340   $153  

Depreciation and amortization

   1,036    820  

Amortization of deferred financing costs

   18    12  

Changes in assets and liabilities:

   

Accounts receivable and other assets

   61    269  

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

   (114  (94

Other liabilities

   40    4  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash from operating activities

   1,381    1,164  

Cash flows from investing activities:

   

Capital expenditures

   (244  (260

Increase in restricted cash

   (26  (132
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash from investing activities

   (270  (392

Cash flows from financing activities:

   

Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock

   0    101  

Proceeds from issuance of common stock

   102    3,000  

Payments for deferred financing costs

   (102  (3

Distributions on common stock

   (50  (3

Distributions to non-controlling interests

   (866  (760
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash from financing activities

   (916  2,335  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net change in cash and cash equivalents

   195    3,107  

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

   2,533    1,107  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period

  $2,728   $4,214  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Independence Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of September 30, 2012March 31, 2013

(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

NOTE 1: Organization

Independence Realty Trust, Inc., or the Company, was formed on March 26, 2009 as a Maryland corporation that has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2011. We are sponsoredexternally managed by a subsidiary of RAIT Financial Trust, our sponsor,or RAIT, a publicly traded Maryland REIT whose common shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “RAS.” As used herein, the terms “we,” “our” and “us” refer to the Company and, as required by context, Independence Realty Operating Partnership, LP, which we refer to as our operating partnership, and their subsidiaries. We currently hold a portfolio of apartment properties and intend to invest the net proceeds of our ongoing public offering in a diversified portfolio of apartment properties that have the potential to generate attractive returns. We own substantially all of our assets and conduct our operations through our operating partnership, of which we are the sole general partner.

We sold 20,000 shares of our common stock to Independence Realty Advisors, LLC, our advisor, on April 30, 2009. Our advisor was purchased on January 20, 2011 by a wholly owned subsidiary of our sponsor.RAIT. Our advisor transferred its 20,000 shares to RAIT NTR Holdings, LLC, or RAIT NTR, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of our sponsorRAIT, on June 18, 2012. On January 4, 2012, we issued and sold 125 shares of our 12.5% Series A Cumulative Non-Voting Preferred Stock to 125 accredited investors who are not affiliated with us.

On June 10, 2011, our Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-173391), or the registration statement, for ana continuous offering of a minimum of 250,000 shares and a maximum of 100,000,000 shares of common stock for sale to the public at a price of $10.00 per share (subject to certain discounts) in the primary offering and $9.50 per share pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, which we refer to collectively as our continuous offering, was declared effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. During the quarter ended March 31, 2012, we satisfied the minimum offering amount of our offering as a result of our sale of 300,000 shares of our common stock for $10.00 per share for total gross proceeds of $3,000 to RAIT NTR. During the quarterthree months ended September 30, 2012March 31, 2013, we sold an additional 5,00011,300 shares in our offering to unaffiliated investors. We intendThrough April 8, 2013, we sold common stock pursuant to investthis registered continuous offering carried out in a manner consistent with offerings of non-listed REITs. Subsequently, we decided to sell shares of common stock in an underwritten public offering and terminate our continuous offering. Accordingly, we amended the net proceedsregistration statement, or the amended registration statement, on April 26, 2013 to terminate our continuous offering and describe the anticipated underwritten public offering, or the underwritten offering. There can be no assurance that we will be able to complete the underwritten offering. While the amended registration statement has been filed with the SEC, it has not yet been declared effective by the SEC. The common stock to be registered pursuant to our amended registration statement may not be sold nor may offers to buy be accepted prior to the time the amended registration statement becomes effective. Any disclosure concerning the underwritten offering is neither an offer nor a solicitation to purchase our securities.

In order to facilitate our qualification as a REIT, on January 4, 2012, we issued and sold 125 shares of our ongoing public offering in a diversified portfolio of multifamily properties12.5% Series A Cumulative Non-Voting Preferred Stock to 125 accredited investors who are not affiliated with strong and stable cash flows that have the potential to generate attractive distributions for our investors, with a primary focus on core and stabilized multifamily properties that are well leased and produce predictable income.us.

Subject to certain restrictions and limitations, our business is externally managed on a day-to-day basis by our advisor, a wholly owned subsidiary of our sponsor,RAIT, pursuant to an advisory agreement between us and our advisor. Our advisor conducts our operations and manages our portfolio of real estate investments. We have no paid employees.

We have retained Independence Realty Securities, LLC, or our dealer manager,IR Securities, a wholly owned subsidiary of our sponsor,RAIT, to serve as our dealer manager for our continuous offering and assume responsibility for marketing our common shares.shares in the continuous offering. IR Securities will not participate in the underwritten offering. Because our advisor and our dealer managerIR Securities are indirectly owned and controlled by our sponsor,RAIT, they are affiliated with us and are considered related parties. Our advisor and our dealer manager will receiveIR Securities received compensation and fees for services related to our continuous offering terminated by the amended registration statement and our advisor receives compensation and fees for services related to the investment and management of our assets. The compensation levels during our offering, acquisition and operational stages are based on percentages of offering proceeds, the cost of properties acquired and the annual revenue earned from such properties, respectively.

As of September 30, 2012,March 31, 2013, we owned seven multifamilyeight apartment properties with 1,8122,004 units located in fivesix states.

NOTE 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

a. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared by management in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations, although we believe that the included disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 20112012 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly our consolidated financial position and consolidated results of operations and cash flows are included. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year.

Independence Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of March 31, 2013

(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

b. Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements reflect our accounts and the accounts of our operating partnership and other wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

c. Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

d. Organization and Offering Costs

We have incurred accounting and offering costs in connection with our continuous offering and expect to incur additional accounting and offering costs in connection with our underwritten offering. The offering and organization costs, which are primarily being incurred by our advisor, are expected to be paid or reimbursed by us with offering proceeds.

Our advisor has advanced or reimbursed, and may continue to advance or reimburse, all the organization and offering costs incurred on our behalf. We will payreimburse our advisor up to 1.0% of gross offering proceeds. As of September 30, 2012,March 31, 2013, our offering proceeds were $3,050.$3,293. Organization and offering costs include items such as legal and accounting fees, marketing, promotional and printing costs. All organizational cost will be expensed when incurred. All offering costs will be recorded as a reduction of additional paid-in-capital when incurred. Our advisor has incurred $4,161$4,392 of organization and offering costs from our date of inception through September 30, 2012March 31, 2013, of which $31$34 have been reimbursed to our advisor.

e. Revenue Recognition

Minimum rents are recognized on an accrual basis, over the terms of the related leases on a straight-line basis. Any above-market lease values and the capitalized below-market lease values are amortized as an adjustment to rental income over the lease term. Recoveries from residential tenants for utility costs are recognized as revenue in the period that the applicable costs are incurred.

f. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Bad Debts

We make estimates of the collectability of our accounts receivable related to base rents, expense reimbursements and other revenue. We analyze accounts receivable and historical bad debt levels, tenant credit worthiness and current economic trends when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. In addition, tenants experiencing financial difficulties are analyzed and estimates are made in connection with expected uncollectible receivables. Our reported operating results are directly affected by management’s estimate of the collectability of accounts receivable.

g. Investments in Real Estate

Allocation of Purchase Price of Acquired Assets

We account for acquisitions of properties in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 805, “Business Combinations”. The fair value of the real estate acquired is allocated to the acquired tangible assets, consisting of land, building and tenant improvements, and identified intangible assets and liabilities, consisting of the value of above-market and below-market leases for acquired in-place leases and the value of tenant relationships, based in each case on their fair values. Purchase accounting is applied to assets and liabilities associated with the real estate acquired. Transaction costs and fees incurred related to acquisitions are expensed as incurred. Transaction costs and fees incurred related to the acquisition of a joint venture interest, accounted for under the equity method of accounting, are capitalized as part of the cost of the investment.

Upon the acquisition of properties, we estimate the fair value of acquired tangible assets (consisting of land, building and improvements) and identified intangible assets and liabilities (consisting of above and below-market leases, in-place leases and tenant relationships), and assumed debt at the date of acquisition, based on the evaluation of information and estimates available at that date. Based on these estimates, we allocate the initial purchase price to the applicable assets and liabilities. As final information regarding fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is received and estimates are refined, appropriate adjustments will be made to the purchase price allocation, in no case later than twelve months of the acquisition date.

In determining the fair value of the identified intangible assets and liabilities of an acquired property, above-market and below-market in-place lease values are recorded based on the present value (using an interest rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the differences between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease. The capitalized above-market lease values and the capitalized below-market lease values are amortized as an adjustment to rental income over the lease term.

Independence Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of March 31, 2013

(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

The aggregate value of in-place leases is determined by evaluating various factors, including an estimate of carrying costs during the expected lease-up periods, current market conditions and similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, management includes real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses, and estimates of lost rental revenue during the expected lease-up periods based on current market demand. Management also estimates costs to execute similar leases including leasing commissions, legal and other related costs. The value assigned to this intangible asset is amortized over the remaining lease terms.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Management evaluates the recoverability of its investment in real estate assets, including related identifiable intangible assets, in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment”. This statement requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that recoverability of the assets is not assured.

Management evaluates the long-lived assets on an ongoing basis and records an impairment charge when there is an indicator of impairment. The estimated cash flows used for the impairment analysis and the determination of estimated fair value are based on our plans for the respective assets and our views of market and economic conditions. The estimates consider matters such as current and historical rental rates, occupancies for the respective and/or comparable properties, and recent sales data for comparable properties. Changes in estimated future cash flows due to changes in our plans or views of market and economic conditions could result in recognition of impairment losses, which, under the applicable accounting guidance, could be substantial.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation expense for real estate assets are computed using a straight-line method based on a life of 40 years for buildings and improvements and five to ten years for equipment and fixtures. Expenditures for tenant improvements are capitalized and amortized over the initial term of each lease.

h. Deferred Costs

We capitalize initial direct costs in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 310, “Receivables”. The costs are capitalized upon the execution of the loan or lease and amortized over the initial term of the corresponding loan or lease. Deferred loan costs are amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan. Deferred leasing costs are amortized to amortization expense over the initial term of the lease.

i. Income Taxes

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT beginning with the taxable year ended December 31, 2011. Accordingly, we recorded no income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and nine-months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011.2012.

To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our ordinary taxable income to stockholders. As a REIT, we generally are not subject to federal income tax on taxable income that we distribute to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income taxes on our taxable income at regular corporate rates and will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for four years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the Internal Revenue Service grants us relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to stockholders, however, we believe that we are organized and operate in such a manner as to qualify and maintain treatment as a REIT and intend to operate in such a manner so that we will remain qualified as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

j. Earnings per Share

Earnings per share is computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per Share”, by dividing the net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the respective period. Earnings per share excludes 5,274,900 limited partnership units that are convertible into common stock as their effect would be anti-dilutive for the threethree-months ended March 31, 2013 and nine-months ended September 30, 2012.

k. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Independence Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of March 31, 2013

(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

In DecemberJune 2011, the FASB issued an accounting standard classified under FASB ASC Topic 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment”222, “Comprehensive Income”. This accounting standard amends existing guidance to resolveimprove the diversitycomparability, consistency, and transparency of financial reporting and to increase the prominence of items reported in practice about whetherother comprehensive income by requiring entities to present the guidance for real estate sales appliestotal of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income in either a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. In addition, the entity is required to a parent that ceases to have a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary that is in substance real estate as a result of defaultpresent on the subsidiary’s nonrecourse debt. Thisface of the financial statements reclassification adjustments for items that are reclassified from other comprehensive income to net income in the statement(s) where the components of net income and the components of other comprehensive income are presented. In December 2011, the FASB issued an accounting standard isthat deferred the new presentation requirements about reclassification adjustments. Both of these accounting standards are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods with those years, beginning on or after JuneDecember 15, 2012. Management expects that the2011. The adoption of this standard willthese standards did not have a material impacteffect on our consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 3: Investments in Real Estate

As of September 30, 2012,March 31, 2013, our investments in real estate consisted of seven multifamily real estateeight apartment properties with 1,8122,004 units. The table below summarizes our investments in real estate:estate as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012:

 

Land

  $27,089  

Building

   109,072  

Furniture, fixtures and equipment

   1,848  
  

 

 

 

Total investment in real estate

   138,009  

Accumulated depreciation

   (11,486
  

 

 

 

Investments in real estate, net

  $126,523  
  

 

 

 

Acquisitions

   As of
March 31,
2013
  As of
December 31,
2012
 

Land

  $30,168   $30,168  

Building

   121,390    121,390  

Furniture, fixtures and equipment

   2,159    2,007  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total investment in real estate

   153,717    153,565  

Accumulated depreciation

   (13,110  (12,283
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Investments in real estate, net

  $140,607   $141,282  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

On April 29, 2011,October 11, 2012, we acquired a fee simple interest in a 192-unit multifamily residential community located in Indianapolis, Indiana, known as Runaway Bay Apartments. We acquired the property through a wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership, from an unaffiliated third party, 2030 Runaway Bay Drive Holdings, LLC. We acquired six multifamily properties, which we refer to as the initial portfolio, from six wholly-owned subsidiariesproperty for an aggregate purchase price of our sponsor. The contribution value$15,750 exclusive of closing costs. We paid the initial portfolio was $103,790. In connectionpurchase price with the acquisitiona combination of the initial portfolio, our operating partnership assumed $64,575 ofa $10,238 first mortgage indebtednessloan and issued $39,215 of limited partner interests, or 3,921,500 limited partner units, to subsidiaries of our sponsor. In addition, a subsidiary of our sponsor purchased an additional 125,000 limited partner units for $1,250$5,512 in cash on April 29, 2011. Since we were wholly-owned by our sponsor and under common control, the assets and liabilities of the initial portfolio were recorded at our sponsor’s carrying amount, or book value, at the time of contribution, pursuant to Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5G and ASC 805-50-30-5.cash.

The following table summarizes the aggregate carrying value of the assets and liabilities associated with the initial portfolioproperties acquired during the nine-month periodyear ended September 30, 2011,December 31, 2012, on the respective date of each conversion,acquisition, for the real estate accounted for under FASB ASC Topic 805.

 

Description

  Carrying Amount   Carrying Amount 

Assets acquired:

    

Investments in real estate, net

  $101,733  

Investments in real estate

  $15,397  

Intangible asset

   353  

Liabilities assumed:

    

Mortgage indebtedness

   64,575     (10,238
  

 

   

 

 

Carrying amount of net assets acquired

  $37,158    $5,512  
  

 

   

 

 

Our consolidated unaudited pro forma information, after including the acquisition of real estate properties, is presented below as if the acquisitionacquisitions occurred on January 1, 2011.2012. These pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of the results which actually would have occurred if the acquisition had occurred on the first day of the periods presented, nor does the pro forma financial information purport to represent the results of operations for future periods:

 

Description

  For the
Nine-Month
Period Ended
September 30, 2011
   For the
Three-Month
Period Ended
March 31, 2012
 

Total revenue, as reported

  $5,396    $3,990  

Pro forma revenue

   9,689     4,529  

Net income (loss) allocable to common shares, as reported

   (84   (26

Pro forma net income (loss) allocable to common shares

   (89   (23

Independence Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of March 31, 2013

(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

NOTE 4: Mortgage Indebtedness

Each of our properties is encumbered by a first mortgage. Our sponsor holds $38,075 of our debt while $44,100 is held by third parties. A summary of each mortgage, as of September 30,March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, is as follows:

 

  Outstanding Principal     

Property

  Outstanding
Principal
   Current
Interest Rate
 Maturity Date  

Interest Terms

  As of
March 31, 2013
   As of
December 31, 2012
   Current
Interest  Rate
 Maturity Date

Belle Creek Apartments

   10,575     10,575     2.5(1)  April 28, 2021

Centrepoint Apartments

   17,600     17,600     3.7(2)  January 1, 2019

Copper Mill Apartments

   7,350     7,350     5.7(3)  May 1, 2021
Crestmont Apartments  $6,750     5.7 May 1, 2021  Fixed rate. Interest only payments are due monthly. Beginning May 1, 2013, principal and interest payments are required based on a 30-year amortization schedule   6,750     6,750     5.7(3)  May 1, 2021
Cumberland Glen Apartments   6,900     5.7   May 1, 2021  Fixed rate. Interest only payments are due monthly. Beginning May 1, 2013, principal and interest payments are required based on a 30-year amortization schedule   6,900     6,900     5.7(3)  May 1, 2021
Copper Mill Apartments   7,350     5.7   May 1, 2021  Fixed rate. Interest only payments are due monthly. Beginning May 1, 2013, principal and interest payments are required based on a 30-year amortization schedule
Heritage Trace Apartments   5,500     5.7   May 1, 2021  Fixed rate. Interest only payments are due monthly. Beginning May 1, 2013, principal and interest payments are required based on a 30-year amortization schedule   5,500     5,500     5.7(3)  May 1, 2021
Belle Creek Apartments   10,575     2.5   April 28, 2021  Fixed rate of interest at 2.5% for the first two years with a floating rate thereafter at 225 basis points over 30-day LIBOR. Interest only

Runaway Bay Apartments

   10,238     10,238     3.6(4)  November 1, 2022
Tresa at Arrowhead   27,500     2.5   April 28, 2021  Fixed rate of interest at 2.5% for the first two years with a floating rate thereafter at 225 basis points over 30-day LIBOR. Interest only   27,500     27,500     2.5(1)  April 28, 2021
Centrepoint Apartments   17,600     3.7   January 1, 2019  Fixed rate. Interest only payments are due monthly. Beginning February 1, 2015, principal and interest payments are required based on a 30-year amortization schedule
  

 

   

 

      

 

   

 

   

 

  

Total /Weighted-Average

  $82,175     3.8     $92,413    $92,413     3.8 
  

 

   

 

      

 

   

 

   

 

  

(1)Fixed rate of interest at 2.5% for the first two years with a floating rate thereafter at 225 basis points over 30-day LIBOR. Interest only

(2)Fixed rate. Interest only payments are due monthly. Beginning February 1, 2015, principal and interest payments are required based on a 30-year amortization schedule

(3)Fixed rate. Interest only payments are due monthly. Beginning May 1, 2013, principal and interest payments are required based on a 30-year amortization schedule

(4)Fixed Rate. Interest only payments are due monthly. Beginning December 1, 2013, principal and interest payments are required based on a 30-year amortization schedule

As of March 31, 2013 RAIT holds $38,075 of our debt while $54,338 is held by third parties. For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 we paid $238 and $241 of interest to RAIT, respectively.

NOTE 5: StockholderShareholder Equity and Non-Controlling Interest

Stockholder Equity

Preferred Shares

On January 4, 2012, we issued and sold 125 shares of our 12.5% Series A Cumulative Non-Voting Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share, which we refer to as the Series A Preferred Stock, for a purchase price of $1,000 per share, or $125 in the aggregate, to 125 accredited investors who are not affiliated with us. We have elected to be taxed as a REIT beginning with the taxable year ended December 31, 2011. One requirement to qualify as a REIT is that 100 or more persons must own our outstanding shares of capital stock during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, other than our first REIT taxable year. We expect that the sale of our Series A Preferred Stock ensures that we meet this requirement.

On May 10, 2012,February 28, 2013, our board of directors authorized and declared distributions on our Series A Preferred Stock for the period beginning on their original issue date, January 4, 2012,1, 2013, and ending on June 30, 2012. The distributions were payable to the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock of record at a rate of $0.34722222 per day, which is an amount that is equivalent to a 12.5% annualized distribution rate based on a share price of $1,000. The distributions were paid in cash on June 29, 2012, pursuant to the requirements of our charter.

On August 9, 2012, our board of directors authorized and declared distributions on our Series A Preferred Stock for the period beginning on July 1, 2012, and ending on December 31, 2012.2013. The distributions are payable to the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock of record at a rate of $0.34722222 per day, which is an amount that is equivalent to a 12.5% annualized distribution rate based on a share price of $1,000. The dividendsdistributions will be aggregated and paid in cash on December 31, 2012,June 28, 2013, pursuant to the requirements of our charter.

Independence Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of March 31, 2013

(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

Common Shares

On February 15, 2012,28, 2013, our board of directors authorized and declared distributions on our common stock for the months of January February andthrough June 2013. For the months of January through March 2012. The2013, the distributions were paidwill be payable to the holders of our common stock of record at a rate of $0.00163934 per share per day, forwhich is an amount that is equivalent to a total6.0% annualized distribution rate based on a share price of $19 for$10.00. For the three months ended March 31, 2012.

On May 10, 2012,of April through June 2013, our board of directors authorized and declared distributions on our common stock for the months of April, May and June 2012. The distributions were paid to the holders of our common stock of record at a rate of $0.00163934$0.00171233 per share per day, forwhich is an amount that is equivalent to a total6.25% annualized distribution rate based on a share price of $48 for the three months ended June 30, 3012.

On August 9, 2012, our board of directors authorized and declared distributions on our common stock for the months of July, August and September 2012.$10.00. The distributions werefor each month will be aggregated and paid toon or before the holdersfifteenth day following the completion of our common stock of record at a rate of $0.00163934 per share per day, for a total of $48 for the three months ended September 30, 2012.

On November 5, 2012, our board of directors authorized and declared distributions on our common stock for the months of October, November and December 2012. Theeach respective month. All distributions will be paid to the holders of our common stock of record at a rate of $0.00163934 per share per day.in cash.

Non-controlling Interest

On February 15, 2012,28, 2013, our board of directors, in our capacity as the general partner of the operating partnership, authorized and declared distributions on our operating partnership’s common partnership units for the months of January February and March 2012. The distributions were paid to common operating partnership unit holders of record at a rate of $0.00163934 per unit per day, for a total of $789 for the three months ended March 31, 2012.

On May 10, 2012, our board of directors, in our capacity as the general partner of the operating partnership, authorized and declared distributions on our operating partnership’s common partnership units forthrough June 2013. For the months of April, May and June 2012. TheJanuary through March 2013, the distributions were paid to common operating partnership unit holders of record at a rate of $0.00163934 per unit per day, for a total of $787 for the three months ended June 30, 2012.

On August 9, 2012, our board of directors, in our capacity as the general partner of the operating partnership, authorized and declared distributions on our operating partnership’s common partnership units for the months of July, August and September 2012. The distributions were paid to common operating partnership unit holders of record at a rate of $0.00163934 per unit per day, for a total of $796 for the three months ended September 30, 2012.

On November 5, 2012, our board of directors, in our capacity as the general partner of the operating partnership, authorized and declared distributions on our operating partnership’s common partnership units for the months of October, November and December 2012. The distributions will be paid to the holders of our common operating partnership units holders of record at a rate of $0.00163934 per unit per day, which is an amount that is equivalent to a 6.0% annualized distribution rate based on a unit price of $10.00. For the months of April through June 2013, our board of directors authorized and declared distributions on our operating partnership’s common units at a rate of $0.00171233 per share per day.day, which is an amount that is equivalent to a 6.25% annualized distribution rate based on a unit price of $10.00. The distributions for each month will be aggregated and paid on or before the fifteenth day following the completion of each respective month.

On November 5, 2012,February 28, 2013, our board of directors, in our capacity as the general partner of the operating partnership, authorized and declared distributions on our operating partnership’s Series B Preferred Units for the period from October 11, 2012 through December 31, 2012.of January, February and March 2013. The distributions will be paid to holders of our Series B Preferred Units of record at a rate of $2.78 per unit per day.

On May 7, 2013, our board of directors, in our capacity as the general partner of the operating partnership, authorized and declared distributions on our operating partnership’s Series B Preferred Units for the period of April, May and June 2013. The distributions will paid to holders of our Series B Preferred Units of record at a rate of $2.78 per unit per day.

NOTE 6: Equity Compensation Plans

Long Term Incentive Plan

On April 5, 2011, our board of directors approved and adopted the Long Term Incentive Plan, or our incentive plan, and the Independent Directors Compensation Plan. Our incentive plan provides for the grants of awards to our directors, officers and full-time employees (in the event we ever have employees), full-time employees of our advisor and its affiliates, full-time employees of entities that provide services to our advisor, directors of our advisor or of entities that provide services to it, certain of our consultants and certain consultants to our advisor and its affiliates or to entities that provide services to our advisor. The incentive plan authorizes the grant of restricted or unrestricted shares of our common stock, non-qualified and incentive stock options, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, dividend equivalents and other stock- or cash-based awards. The amended registration statement contemplates that the incentive plan will be amended.

Under our Independent Directors Compensation Plan, which operates as a sub-plan of our incentive plan, each of our independent directors will receive 3,000 shares of common stock annually; provided, however, that no shares will be issued pursuant to our Independent Directors Compensation Plan until we have raised at least $2,500 in gross offering proceeds from unaffiliated persons. In addition, our independent directors may elect to receive their annual fee in the form of our common shares or a combination of common shares and cash.

We will account for stock-based compensation in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation”. Under the fair value recognition provisions of this statement, stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense of the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. We have not granted any stock-based compensation to date. Stock-based compensation will be classified within general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations. As stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statement of operations will be based on awards ultimately expected to vest, the amount of expense will be reduced for estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures will be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures will be estimated on experience of other companies in the same industry until entity-specific information is available.

Distribution Reinvestment Program

We have adopted a distribution reinvestment program, or the DRP, through which our stockholders may elect to reinvest an amount equal to the distributions declared on their shares of common stock in additional shares in lieu of receiving cash distributions. The common stock available under the DRP was reallocated to the underwritten offering when the amended registration statement was filed and the DRP was subsequently terminated. No selling commissions or dealer manager fees will bewere paid on shares sold under the DRP. Our board

Independence Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of directors may amend or terminate the DRP for any reason, provided that any amendment that adversely affects the rights or obligations of a participant shall only take effect upon ten days’ written notice to participants.March 31, 2013

(Unaudited and dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

NOTE 7: Related Party Transactions and Arrangements

Fees and Expenses Paid to Our Advisor

We amended and restated our advisory agreement with our advisor as of May 7, 2013. The disclosure below describes the terms and conditions of the advisory agreement prior to May 7, 2013. For a description of the terms and conditions of the advisory agreement on and after May 7, 2013, see Note 8-Subsequent Events below.

Our advisor generally has responsibility for our day-to-day operations. Pursuant to the terms of our Advisory Agreement,the advisory agreement through May 7, 2013 we paypaid our advisor the fees described below.

 

We paypaid to our advisor an asset management fee that is payable quarterly in an amount equal to 0.1875% of the average invested assets as of the last day of the quarter, which equates to an annualized rate of 0.75% per annum. Average invested assets means the average of the aggregate book value of our assets invested in interests in, and loans secured by, real estate before reserves for depreciation or bad debt or other similar non-cash reserves. As part of the acquisition of our initial portfolio of six properties, our advisor agreed to waive any asset management fees on the initial portfolio for the first two years of our ownership. That period expired in April 2013. For the three and nine-monththree-month periods ended September 30,March 31, 2013 and 2012, we paid $54$82 and $160$53 of asset management fees to our advisor, respectively.

 

If our advisor providesprovided services in connection with the financing of any third party debt that we obtain, we willwould pay the advisor a financing coordination fee equal to 1.0% of the amount available and/or outstanding under such financing, subject to certain limitations. We do not pay financing coordination fees in connection with debt provided by our sponsor.RAIT. The services our advisor may perform include, without limitation, searching for lenders in connection with a proposed refinancing and negotiating the terms of any proposed refinancing with such lenders. Our advisor may reallow some or all of this fee to reimburse third parties that it retains to procure any such refinancing. For the three and nine-monththree-month periods ended September 30,March 31, 2013 and 2012, we did not pay anypaid $102 and $0 of financing coordination fees to our advisor.advisor, respectively.

We may pay our advisor a disposition fee upon the sale of one or more of our properties in an amount equal to the lesser of (a) one-half of the commission that would be reasonable, customary and competitive in light of the size, type and location of the asset or (b) 1% of the sale price of the asset. Payment of such fee may be made only if the advisor provides a substantial amount of services in connection with the sale of the asset. In addition, the amount paid when added to all other commissions paid to unaffiliated parties in connection with such sale shall not exceed the lesser of the commission that would be reasonable, customary and competitive in light of the size, type and location of the asset or an amount equal to 6% of the sale price of such asset. For the three and nine-monththree-month periods ended September 30,March 31, 2013 and 2012, we did not pay any disposition fees to our advisor.

In addition to the fees we pay to our advisor pursuant to the advisory agreement prior to May 7, 2013, we also reimbursereimbursed our advisor and its affiliates for the costs and expenses, subject to the limitations described below under the heading “2%/25% Guidelines.” We dodid not reimburse the advisor or its affiliates for services for which the advisor or its affiliates are entitled to compensation in the form of a separate fee. If the advisor or its affiliates perform services that are outside of the scope of the advisory agreement, we will compensate them at rates and in amounts agreed upon by the advisor and the independent directors. We reimburse our advisor for acquisition expenses up to a maximum amount which, collectively with all acquisition fees and expenses, will not exceed, in the aggregate, 6% of the gross offering proceeds from our public offering.

 

We may reimburse our advisor for certain costs it incurs in connection with the services it provides to us including, but not limited to: (i) organization and offering costs in an amount up to 1% of gross offering proceeds, which include actual legal, accounting, printing and expenses attributable to preparing the SEC registration statement, qualification of the shares for sale in the states and filing fees incurred by the advisor, as well as reimbursements for salaries and direct expenses of its employees, including, without limitation, employee benefits, while engaged in registering the shares and other organization costs, other than selling commissions and the dealer manager fee; (ii) advertising expenses, expense reimbursements, and legal and accounting fees; (iii) the actual cost of goods and materials used by us and obtained from entities not affiliated with the advisor; (iv) administrative services (including personnel costs; provided, however, that no reimbursement shall be made for costs of personnel to the extent that such personnel perform services in transactions for which the advisor receives a separate fee); and (v) rent, leasehold improvement costs, utilities or other administrative items generally constituting our advisor’s overhead. We will not reimburse the advisor for any services for which we will pay the advisor a separate fee. For the three and nine-month periodsthree-month period ended September 30, 2012,March 31, 2013, our advisor incurred $79$201 of organization and $622 of these expenses, respectively.offering costs. During the three and nine-monthsthree-months ended September 30, 2012,March 31, 2013, we reimbursed our advisor for $1 of organization and $31 of these expenses, respectively.offering costs.

 

We reimburse our advisor for expenses it incurs in connection with our purchase of an asset. The acquisition fees and expenses for any particular asset, including amounts payable to affiliates, will not exceed, in the aggregate, 6% of the contract purchase price (including any mortgage assumed) of the asset. Our advisor will be paid acquisition expenses and we will reimburse our advisor for acquisition expenses only to the extent that acquisition fees and acquisition expenses collectively do not exceed 6% of the contract price of our assets. For the three and nine-month periodsthree-month period ended September 30, 2012,March 31, 2013, we did not reimburse our advisor for any acquisition expenses.

Our advisory agreement has a one-year term, subject

Independence Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to an unlimited numberConsolidated Financial Statements

As of successive one-year renewals upon mutual consent of the parties. We may terminate the advisory agreement without penalty upon 60 days’ written notice. If we terminate the advisory agreement, we will pay our advisor all unpaid advances for operating expensesMarch 31, 2013

(Unaudited and all earned but unpaid fees. Effective April 7, 2012, our advisory agreement was renewed for a one-year term through April 7, 2013.dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

2%/25% Guidelines

Our charter was amended on May 7, 2013. The amendments included removing the 2%/25% Guidelines. See “Subsequent Events” and Part II Item 5. “Other Events” below.

Commencing withon the fourth fiscal quarter following the quarter ended June 30, 2012,2011 through May 7, 2013 our advisor must reimburse us for the amounts, if any, by which our total REIT operating expenses paid during the previous four quarters then endedfiscal year exceed the greater of:

 

2% of our average invested assets for that period;fiscal year; or

 

25% of our net income for that period;fiscal year;

provided, however, that only so much of the excess specified above will be required to be reimbursed as the board of directors, including a majority of the independent directors, determines should justifiably be reimbursed in light of any unanticipated, unusual or non-recurring factors. Within 60 days after the end of the quarter for which the excess occurred, the stockholders will be sent a written disclosure and explanation of the factors the independent directors considered in arriving at the conclusion that the higher total operating expenses were justified. Operating expenses are defined for this purpose as all expenses paid or incurred by us, as determined under GAAP, that are in any way related to our operation, including advisory fees, but excluding (i) the expenses of raising capital such as organization and offering expenses, legal, audit, accounting, underwriting, brokerage, listing, registration and other fees, printing and other such expenses and taxes incurred in connection with the issuance, distribution, transfer, registration and stock exchange listing of our stock; (ii) interest payments; (iii) taxes; (iv) non-cash expenditures such as depreciation, amortization and bad debt reserves; (v) reasonable incentive fees based on the gain from the sale of our assets; and (vi) acquisition fees and expenses (including expenses relating to potential investments that we do not close), disposition fees on the resale of property and other expenses connected with the acquisition, disposition and ownership of real estate interests, loans or other property (including the costs of foreclosure, insurance premiums, legal services, maintenance, repair and improvement of property). For the year ended September 30, 2012, our operating expenses did not exceed the greater of 2% of our average invested assets or 25% of our income.

Selling Commissions and Fees Paid to our Dealer Manager

The dealer manager for our publiccontinuous offering of common stock is Independence Realtywas IR Securities, LLC, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of our sponsor. Our dealer managerRAIT. IR Securities is a licensed broker-dealer registered with FINRA. Our dealer manager isIR Securities will not participate in the underwritten offering. IR Securities was entitled to certain selling commissions, dealer manager fees and reimbursements relating to raising capital.capital in connection with the continuous offering. Our dealer manager agreement with our dealer manager providesIR Securities provided for the following compensation:compensation relating to the continuous offering:

 

We pay our dealer managerpaid IR Securities selling commissions of up to 7.0% of the gross proceeds from our publiccontinuous offering. Our dealer manager intends to reallowIR Securities reallowed all or a portion of commissions earned for those transactions that involve participating broker-dealers. For the three and nine-month periodsthree-month period ended September 30, 2012,March 31, 2013, we paid $3 and $3 ofdid not pay any selling commissions to our dealer manager, respectively.IR Securities.

 

We pay our dealer managerpaid IR Securities a dealer manager fee of 3.0% of the gross proceeds from our publiccontinuous offering. Our dealer manager,IR Securities, in its sole discretion, maycould reallow a portion of its dealer manager fee of up to 1.5% of the gross offering proceeds to be paid to such participating broker-dealers. For the three and nine-month periodsthree-month period ended September 30, 2012,March 31, 2013, we paid $2 and $2$3 of dealer manager fees to our dealer manager, respectively.IR Securities.

 

  

We may reimburse our dealer managerreimbursed IR Securities for its reasonablebona fide due diligence expenses and reimbursereimbursed it for reimbursements it maycould make to broker-dealers for reasonablebona fide due diligence expenses which are included in a detailed and itemized invoice. Reimbursement of these amounts, combined with the reimbursement of all other organizational and offering costs, shallwas not to exceed 15% of the gross proceeds raised in our publiccontinuous offering. For the three and nine-month periodsthree-month period ended September 30, 2012, our dealer managerMarch 31, 2013, IR Securities incurred $0 of reimbursable due diligence expenses.

Property Management Fees Paid to Our Property Manager

We have entered into property management agreements with Jupiter Communities, LLC, or our property manager, which is majority owned by our sponsor,RAIT, with respect to each of our properties. Pursuant to the property management agreements, we pay our property manager property management and leasing fees on a monthly basis of an amount up to 4.0% of the gross revenues from the property for each month. Additionally, we may pay our property manager a separate fee for the one-time initial rent-up or leasing-up of newly constructed properties in an amount not to exceed the fee customarily charged in arm’s length transactions by others rendering similar services in the same geographic area for similar properties as determined by a survey of brokers and agents in such area. Each management agreement has an initial one year term, subject to automatic one-year renewals unless either party gives prior notice of its desire to terminate the management agreement. For the three and nine-month periodsthree-month period ended September 30, 2012,March 31, 2013, we paid $159 and $476, respectively,$185 of property management and leasing fees to our property manager.

NOTE 9:8: Subsequent Events

Through April 8, 2013, we sold common stock pursuant to this registered continuous offering carried out in a manner consistent with offerings of non-listed REITs. Subsequently, we decided to sell shares of common stock in an underwritten public offering and terminate this continuous offering. Accordingly, we amended the registration statement, or the amended registration statement, on April 26, 2013 to terminate our continuous offering and describe the anticipated underwritten public offering, or the underwritten offering. There can be no assurance that we will be able to complete the underwritten offering. While the amended registration statement has been filed with the SEC, it has not yet been declared effective by the SEC. The common stock to be registered pursuant to our amended registration statement may not be sold nor may offers to buy be accepted prior to the time the amended registration statement becomes effective. Any disclosure concerning the underwritten offering is neither an offer nor a solicitation to purchase our securities.

On October 11, 2012, our operating partnership established 400May 7, 2013, RAIT elected to convert 5,274,900 of its common limited partnership units designated as the Series B Preferred Units. The Series B Preferred Units rank juniorto shares of our common stock according to the Series A Preferred Unitsterms of the operating partnershipAgreement of Limited Partnership. The shares of our common stock issued were issued in reliance on an exemption from registration pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Effective as of May 7, 2013, we entered into the Second Amended and seniorRestated Advisory Agreement, or the amended and restated advisory agreement. The amended and restated advisory agreement was adopted primarily to adjust the advisor’s compensation and modify its duties to us.

Pursuant to the common unitsterms of the operating partnership with respect to distributions, liquidation and redemption rights. Holdersamended advisory agreement, our advisor will be compensated as follows:

Annual Base Management Fee of Series B Preferred Units are entitled to preferential cash distributions0.75% of 10% per annumaverage gross real estate assets. Average gross real estate assets means the average of the $10,000 purchase price per unit. On October 11, 2012, the operating partnership issued and sold 350 Series B Preferred Units to RAIT NTR in exchange for $3,500 in cash.

On October 11, 2012, we, through a special purpose subsidiaryaggregate book value of our operating partnership, acquiredreal estate assets before reserves for depreciation or other similar noncash reserves. We will compute average gross real estate assets by taking the average of these book values at the end of each month during the quarter for which we are calculating the fee. The fee is payable quarterly in an amount equal to 0.1875% of average gross real estate assets as of the last day of such quarter.

We will pay our advisor an incentive fee based on our pre-incentive fee core funds from operations, or Core FFO, a non-GAAP measure as defined in the advisory agreement. The incentive fee simple interestis computed at the end of each fiscal quarter as follows:

no incentive fee in a 192-unit multifamily residential community locatedany fiscal quarter in Indianapolis, Indiana, known as Runaway Bay Apartments for a purchase pricewhich our pre-incentive fee Core FFO does not exceed the hurdle rate of $15,750, exclusive1.75% (7% annualized) of closing costs. The purchase price was paid with a combinationthe cumulative gross amount of a $10,238 first mortgage loanequity capital we have obtained; and $5,512 in cash. The mortgage bears interest at 3.59% per annum and has a maturity date

20% of November 1, 2022. Runaway Bay Apartments is a 192 unit, garden style apartment community constructed in 2002 and consiststhe amount of 15 two-story buildings and one clubhouse/leasing office on 18.6 acres. The apartments consistour pre-incentive fee Core FFO that exceeds 1.75% (7% annualized) of a mixthe cumulative gross amount of one, two and three-bedroom units. Unit amenities include full-size washer and dryer connections, walk-in closets and private patios/balconies. Runaway Bay Apartments’ amenities include a resort-style swimming pool with a spa, 24-hour fitness facility, a clubhouse and a common area laundry facility.equity capital we have obtained.

Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not historical facts (including any statements concerning investment objectives, other plans and objectives of management for future operations or economic performance, or assumptions or forecasts related thereto) are forward-looking statements. These statements are only predictions. We caution that forward-looking statements are not guarantees. Actual events or our investments and results of operations could differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by the use of terms such as “may,” “should,” “expect,” “could,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “continue,” “predict,” “potential” or the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology.

The forward-looking statements included herein are based upon our current expectations, plans, estimates, assumptions and beliefs, which involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our actual results and performance could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Factors which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and future prospects include, but are not limited to:

 

the fact that we have a limited operating history;

 

our ability to effectively raise and deploy the proceeds ofwe expect to raise in our underwritten public offering of common stock;

 

changes in economic conditions generally and the real estate market specifically;

 

legislative or regulatory changes (including changes to the laws governing the taxation of REITs);

 

the availability of capital;

 

interest rates; and

 

changes to generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP.

Any of the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements included herein could be inaccurate, and undue reliance should not be placed on any forward-looking statements included herein. All forward-looking statements are made as of the date this quarterly report is filed with the SEC, and the risk that actual results will differ materially from the expectations expressed herein will increase with the passage of time. Except as otherwise required by the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements made herein, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or any other reason.

All forward-looking statements included herein should be read in light of the factors identified in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 9, 2012,13, 2013, as the same may be amended and supplemented from time to time.

Overview

We were formed on March 26, 2009 asare a Maryland corporation that owns well-located apartment properties in geographic submarkets that we believe support strong occupancy and have the potential for growth in rental rates. We seek to provide stockholders with attractive risk-adjusted returns, with an emphasis on distributions and capital appreciation. We are externally advised by a wholly-owned subsidiary of RAIT financial Trust (NYSE: RAS), a REIT that invests primarily in commercial mortgages and, to a lesser extent, apartment properties. We have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust,REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or REIT, for the Code, commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2011. We are externally managed by our advisor, Independence Realty Advisors, LLC, an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of our sponsor, RAIT Financial Trust (NYSE: “RAS”). We own substantially all of our assets and conduct our operations through Independence Realty Operating Partnership, LP, or our operating partnership, of which we are the sole general partner. As used herein, the terms “we,” “our” and “us” refer to our company and, as required by context, our operating partnership and their subsidiaries.

We intend to invest in a diversified portfolio of multifamilyacquire and operate apartment properties located throughout the United States. We target primarily core and stabilized multifamily properties that are well leased and produce predictable income. To a lesser extent we seek to acquire properties that require limited capital expenditures, have existing cash flow and offer opportunities for enhanced returns, with a primary focus on multifamily properties and a lesser focus on other asset classes.

Our investment objectives are to:that:

 

pay attractivehave stable occupancy rates and consistent cash distributions;resident bases;

 

preserve invested capital;are located in submarkets that we do not expect to experience substantial new apartment construction in the foreseeable future;

in appropriate circumstances, have opportunities for repositioning or updating through capital expenditures; and

 

provide a diversified direct investment in multifamily properties.opportunities to apply tailored marketing and management strategies designed to attract and retain residents and enable rent increases.

As of March 31, 2013, we own eight apartment properties containing an aggregate of 2,004 apartment units in Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, Indiana, Texas and Virginia. We refer to these apartment properties as our “existing portfolio.” As of March 31, 2013, our existing portfolio had an average occupancy of 94% and an average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit of $791.

We were formed in 2009. Affiliates of RAIT contributed seven of the eight properties in our existing portfolio to our operating partnership in exchange for 5,111,500 common units in our operating partnership, and acquired an additional 163,200 common units for cash to fund closing costs in connection with the contributions. In 2012, we purchased the eighth property in our existing portfolio from an unaffiliated third party. In April 2013, as described in “Public Offerings” below, we terminated our continuous offering and amended our registration statement. Prior to the consummation of the underwritten offering, RAIT will exchange all of its common units for 5,274,900 shares of our common stock. RAIT is currently our largest stockholder, and, following the exchange but before consummation of our offering, will hold approximately 99.1% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Each of our apartment properties is managed by Jupiter, a majority owned subsidiary of RAIT.

On June 10, 2011, our Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-173391), or the registration statement, for ana continuous offering of a minimum of 250,000 shares and a maximum of 100,000,000 shares of common stock for sale to the public at a price of $10.00 per share (subject to certain discounts) in the primary offering and $9.50 per share pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, which we refer to collectively as our continuous offering, was initially declared effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. During the quarter ended March 31, 2012, we satisfied the minimum offering amount of our offering as a result of our sale of 300,000 shares of our common stock for $10.00 per share for total gross proceeds of $3,000,000$3,000 to RAIT NTR Holdings, LLC, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of our sponsor.NTR. During the quarter ending September 30, 2012three months ended March 31, 2013, we sold an additional 5,00011,300 shares in our offering to unaffiliated investors. Through April 8, 2013, we sold common stock pursuant to this registered continuous offering carried out in a manner consistent with offerings of non-listed REITs. Subsequently, we decided to sell shares of our common stock for $10.00 per share for total proceeds of $50,000in an underwritten public offering and terminate this continuous offering. Accordingly, we amended the registration statement, or the amended registration statement, on April 26, 2013 to unaffiliated third parties. We intendterminate our continuous offering and describe the anticipated underwritten public offering, or the underwritten offering. There can be no assurance that we will be able to investcomplete the net proceedsunderwritten offering. While the amended registration statement has been filed with the SEC, it has not yet been declared effective by the SEC. The common stock to be registered pursuant to our amended registration statement may not be sold nor may offers to buy be accepted prior to the time the amended registration statement becomes effective. Any disclosure concerning the underwritten offering is neither an offer nor a solicitation to purchase our securities.

Our Properties

The following table presents an overview of our ongoing public offering in a diversifiedapartment portfolio of multifamily properties with strong and stable cash flows that have the potential to generate attractive distributions for our investors, with a primary focus on core and stabilized multifamily properties that are well leased and produce predictable income. Our offering will end no later than June 10, 2013 unless we elect to extend it to a date no later than June 10, 2014 in states that permit us to make this one-year extension.

Our Investment Portfolio

Our current investment portfolio is comprised entirely of multifamily properties. We generate a return on our real estate investments through rental income and other sources of income from the operations of the properties. By owning real estate, we also participate in any increase in the value of the real estate in addition to current income. We finance our real estate holdings through mortgage indebtedness.

The below table summarizes our investments in real estate, all of which are fee simple interests in multifamily properties as of September 30, 2012 (dollars in thousands, except average effective rent):March 31, 2013:

 

Property Name

  State   Total Cost   Accumulated
Depreciation
   Carrying
Amount
   Encumbrances  Units   Average
Occupancy
  Average Effective
Rent (1)
 

Crestmont Apartments

   GA    $16,429    $1,690    $14,739    $(6,750  228     89.04 $712  

Cumberland Glen Apartments

   GA     16,407     1,718     14,689     (6,900  222     88.74    673  

Copper Mill Apartments

   TX     17,625     1,830     15,795     (7,350  320     97.19    715  

Heritage Trace Apartments

   VA     13,640     1,412     12,228     (5,500  200     89.00    757  

Belle Creek Apartments

   CO     9,716     839     8,877     (10,575  162     96.91    879  

Tresa at Arrowhead

   AZ     35,778     2,484     33,294     (27,500  360     92.22    784  

Centrepoint Apartments

   AZ     28,414     1,513     26,901     (17,600  320     93.44    795  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

    $138,009    $11,486    $126,523    $(82,175  1,812     92.36 $759  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Property Name

  Location  Purchase
Date
   Year
Built or
Renovated (1)
   Units (2)  Average
Occupancy (3)
  Average Monthly
Effective

Rent per
Occupied Unit (4)
 

Belle Creek

  Henderson, Colorado   4/29/11  ��  2011     162(5)    95.7%(5)  $896(5) 

Centrepoint

  Tucson, Arizona   12/16/11     2006     320    98.1    817  

Copper Mill

  Austin, Texas   4/29/11     2010     320    95.3    719  

Crestmont

  Marietta, Georgia   4/29/11     2010     228    94.3    705  

Cumberland Glen

  Smyrna, Georgia   4/29/11     2010     222    94.6    662  

Heritage Trace

  Newport News, Virginia   4/29/11     2010     200    80.0    751  

Runaway Bay

  Indianapolis, Indiana   10/11/12     2002     192    93.8    939  

Tresa at Arrowhead

  Phoenix, Arizona   4/29/11     2006     360    96.7    836  
        

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
         2,004    93.6% $791  
        

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

(1)All dates are for the year in which a renovation program was completed, except for Runaway Bay, which is the year construction was completed. The year construction was completed for each of the other properties is: Belle Creek - 2002; Centrepoint - 1995; Copper Mill - 1984; Crestmont - 1987; Cumberland Glen - 1987; Heritage Trace - 1973; and Tresa at Arrowhead - 1998.
(2)Units represents the total number of apartment units available for rent at March 31, 2013.
(3)Average occupancy for each of our properties is calculated as (i) total units rented as of March 31, 2013 divided by (ii) total units available as of March 31, 2013, expressed as a percentage.
(4)Average monthly effective rent isper occupied unit represents the average monthly rent per unit per monthfor all occupied units for the three months ended September 30, 2012.March 31, 2013.
(5)Does not include 6,256 square feet of retail space in six units, of which 1,010 square feet of space is occupied by Jupiter for use as the leasing office. The remaining 5,246 square feet of space is 100% occupied by five tenants with an average monthly base rent of $1,564, or $16.50 per square foot per year.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Funds from Operations and ModifiedCore Funds from Operations

Due to certain uniqueWe believe that FFO and Core FFO, each of which is a non-GAAP measure, are additional appropriate measures of the operating characteristicsperformance of real estate companies, as discussed below,a REIT and us in particular. We compute FFO in accordance with the standards established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT, an industry trade group, has promulgated a measure known as funds from operations, or FFO, which we believe to be an appropriate supplemental measure to reflect the operating performance of a real estate investment trust, or REIT. The use of FFO is recommended by the REIT industry as a supplemental performance measure. FFO is not equivalent to our net income (loss) as determined under GAAP.

We define FFO, a non-GAAP financial measure, consistent with the standards established by the White Paper on FFO approved by the Board of Governors of NAREIT, as revised in February 2004, or the White Paper. The White Paper defines FFO as net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses from sales of property and non-cash impairment charges of real estate related investments, plus real estate related depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. In particular, we believe it is appropriate to disregard impairment charges, as this is a fair value adjustment that is largely based on market fluctuations and assessments regarding general market conditions which can change over time. An asset will only be evaluated for impairment if certain impairment indications exist and if the carrying, or book value, exceeds the total estimated undiscounted future cash flows (including net rental and lease revenues, net proceeds on the sale of the property, and any other ancillary cash flows at a property or group level under GAAP) from such asset. Investors should note, however, that determinations of whether impairment charges have been incurred are based partly on anticipated operating performance, because estimated

undiscounted future cash flows from a property, including estimated future net rental and lease revenues, net proceeds on the sale of the property, and certain other ancillary cash flows, are taken into account in determining whether an impairment charge has been incurred. While impairment charges are excluded from the calculation of FFO as described above, investors are cautioned that due to the fact that impairments are based on estimated future undiscounted cash flows and the relatively limited term of our operations, it could be difficult to recover any impairment charges. Our FFO calculation complies with NAREIT’s policy described above.

The historical accounting convention used for real estate assets requires straight-line depreciation of buildings and improvements, which implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time, especially if such assets are not adequately maintained or repaired and renovated as required by relevant circumstances and/or as requested or required by lessees for operational purposes in order to maintain the value disclosed. We believe that since real estate values historically rise and fall with market conditions, including inflation, interest rates, the business cycle, unemployment and consumer spending, presentations of operating results for a REIT using historical accounting for depreciation may be less informative. Historical accounting for real estate involves the use of GAAP. Any other method of accounting for real estate such as the fair value method cannot be construed to be any more accurate or relevant than the comparable methodologies of real estate valuation found in GAAP. Nevertheless, we believe that the use of FFO, which excludes the impact of real estate related depreciation and amortization, provides a more complete understanding of our performance to investors and to management, and when compared year over year, reflects the impact on our operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs, general and administrative expenses, and interest costs, which may not be immediately apparent from net income. However, FFO, and modified FFO, or MFFO, as described below, should not be construed to be more relevant or accurate than the current GAAP methodology in calculating net income or in its applicability in evaluating our operating performance. The method used to evaluate the value and performance of real estate under GAAP should be construed as a more relevant measure of operational performance and considered more prominently than the non-GAAP FFO and MFFO measures and the adjustments to GAAP in calculating FFO and MFFO.

Changes in the accounting and reporting promulgations under GAAP (for acquisition fees and expenses from a capitalization/depreciation model to an expensed-as-incurred model) that were put into effect in 2009 and other changes to GAAP accounting for real estate subsequent to the establishment of NAREIT’s definition of FFO have prompted an increase in cash-settled expenses, specifically acquisition fees and expenses for all industries as items that are expensed under GAAP, that are typically accounted for as operating expenses. Under our advisory agreement with our advisor, we will not pay any acquisition fees to our advisor in connection with our purchase of properties and we will reimburse our advisor for acquisition expenses only to the extent that acquisition fees and acquisition expenses collectively do not exceed 6% of the contract price of our assets. We may have to pay acquisition fees to unaffiliated parties in connection with our purchase of properties and we expect to incur acquisition expenses. Management believes these fees and expenses do not affect our overall long-term operating performance. Publicly registered, non-listed REITs typically have a significant amount of acquisition activity and are substantially more dynamic during their initial years of investment and operation. While other start-up entities may also experience significant acquisition activity during their initial years, we believe that public, non-listed REITs, like us, are unique in that they have a limited life with targeted exit strategies within a relatively limited time frame after acquisition activity ceases. Our board of directors has the discretion to consider a liquidity transaction at any time if it determines such event to be in our best interests. However, our board of directors presently intends to consider alternatives for providing liquidity to our stockholders beginning five to seven years from the completion of our offering stage (including follow-on offerings) during which we will attempt to raise additional capital through the sale of our shares. Any liquidity event will depend on market conditions and may take any one of several forms, including a listing of our stock on a national securities exchange, a merger of our company, a sale of our entire portfolio or the sale of our individual assets. Thus, we will not continuously purchase assets and will have a limited life.

Due to the above factors and other unique features of publicly registered, non-listed REITs, the Investment Program Association, or IPA, an industry trade group, has standardized a measure known as MFFO, which the IPA has recommended as a supplemental measure for publicly registered non-listed REITs and which we believe to be another appropriate supplemental measure to reflect the operating performance of a public, non-listed REIT having the characteristics described above. MFFO is not equivalent to our net income or loss as determined under GAAP,allocated to common shares (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding real estate-related depreciation and MFFO may not beamortization expense, gains or losses on sales of real estate and the cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles.

Core FFO is a usefulcomputation made by analysts and investors to measure of the impact of long-terma real estate company’s operating performance on value if weby removing the effect of items that do not continuereflect ongoing property operations, including acquisition expenses, expensed costs related to operatethe issuance of shares of our common stock and equity-based compensation expenses, from the determination of FFO. We incur acquisition expenses in connection with a limited lifeacquisitions of real estate properties and targeted exit strategy, as currently intended. We believe that, because MFFO excludesexpense those costs that we consider morewhen incurred in accordance with U.S. GAAP. As these expenses are one-time and reflective of investing activities rather than operating performance, we add back these costs to FFO in determining Core FFO.

Our calculation of Core FFO differs from the methodology used for calculating Core FFO by certain other REITs and, accordingly, our Core FFO may not be comparable to Core FFO reported by other non-operating items included inREITs. Our management utilizes FFO and Core FFO as measures of our operating performance, and believes they are also excludes acquisition fees and expenses that affect our operations only in periods in which properties are acquired, MFFO can provide, on a going forward basis,useful to investors, because they facilitate an indication of the sustainability (that is, the capacity to continue to be maintained)understanding of our operating performance after the period in which weadjustment for certain non-cash items, such as depreciation and amortization expenses, and acquisition expenses and pursuit costs that are acquiring our propertiesrequired by GAAP to be expensed but may not necessarily be indicative of current operating performance and once our portfolio is in place. By providing MFFO, we believe we are presenting useful information that assists investors and analysts to better assess the sustainability ofmay not accurately compare our operating performance after our offering has been completedbetween periods. Furthermore, although FFO, Core FFO and our properties have been acquired. Weother supplemental performance measures are defined in various ways throughout the REIT industry, we also believe that MFFO is a recognizedFFO and Core FFO may provide us and our investors with an additional useful measure to compare our financial performance to certain other REITs. We will also use Core FFO for purposes of sustainable operating performance bydetermining the non-listed REIT industry. Further, we believe MFFO is useful in comparing the sustainability ofquarterly incentive fee, if any, payable to our operating performanceadvisor after our offeringApril 30, 2013. See “Our Advisor, Our Property Manager and acquisitions are completed with the sustainability of the operating performance of other real estate companies that are not as involved in acquisition activities. Investors are cautioned that MFFO should only be usedRelated Agreements—Compensation to assess the sustainability of our operating performance after our offering has been completedOur Advisor and properties have been acquired, as it excludes acquisition costs that have a negative effect on our operating performance during the periods in which properties are acquired.Our Property Manager.”

We define MFFO, a non-GAAP financial measure, consistent with the IPA’s Guideline 2010-01,Supplemental Performance Measure for Publicly Registered, Non-Listed REITs: Modified Funds from Operations, or the Practice Guideline, issued by the IPA in November 2010. The Practice Guideline defines MFFO asNeither FFO further adjusted for the following items, as applicable, included in the determination of GAAP net income: acquisition fees and expenses; amounts relating to deferred rent receivables and amortization of above and below market leases and liabilities (which are adjusted in order to reflect such payments from a GAAP accrual basis to a cash basis of disclosing the rent and lease payments); accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums on debt investments; mark-to-market adjustments included in net income; nonrecurring gains or losses included in net income from the extinguishment or sale of debt, hedges, foreign exchange, derivatives or securities holdings where trading of such holdingsnor Core FFO is not a fundamental attribute of the business plan, unrealized gains or losses resulting from consolidation from, or deconsolidation to, equity accounting, and after adjustments for consolidated and unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures, with such adjustments calculated to reflect MFFO on the same basis. The accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums on debt investments, nonrecurring unrealized gains and losses on hedges, foreign exchange, derivatives or securities holdings, unrealized gains and losses resulting from consolidations, as well as other listed cash flow adjustments are adjustments madeequivalent to net income in calculating theor cash flows provided bygenerated from operating activities and,determined in some cases, reflect gains or losses which are unrealized and may not ultimately be realized. While we rely on our advisor for managing interest rate, hedge and foreign exchange risk, we do not retain an outside consultant to review all our hedging agreements. Inasmuch as interest rate hedges are not a fundamental part of our operations, we believe it is appropriate to exclude such non-recurring gains and losses in calculating MFFO, as such gains and losses are not reflective of on-going operations.

Our MFFO calculation compliesaccordance with the IPA’s Practice Guideline described above. In calculating MFFO, we exclude acquisition related expenses, amortization of above and below market leases, fair value adjustments of derivative financial instruments, deferred rent receivables and the adjustments of such items related to noncontrolling interests. Under GAAP, acquisition fees and expenses are characterized as operating expenses in determining operating net income. These expenses are paid in cash by us. All paid and accrued acquisition fees and expenses will have negative effects on returns to investors, the potential for future distributions, and cash flows generated by us, unless earnings from operations or net sales proceeds from the disposition of other properties are generated to cover the purchase price of the property, these fees and expenses and other costs related to such property. In the event that proceeds from our initial public offering are not available to fund our reimbursement of acquisition fees and expenses incurred by our advisor, such fees and expenses will need to be reimbursed to our advisor from other sources, including debt, operational earnings or cash flow, net proceeds from the sale of properties, or from ancillary cash flows. The acquisition of properties, and the corresponding acquisition fees and expenses, is the key operational feature of our business plan to generate operational income and cash flow to fund distributions to our stockholders. Further, under GAAP, certain contemplated non-cash fair value and other non-cash adjustments are considered operating non-cash adjustments to net income in determining cash flow from operating activities. In addition, we view fair value adjustments of derivatives and gains and losses from dispositions of assets as non-recurring items or items which are unrealized and may not ultimately be realized, and which are not reflective of on-going operations and are therefore typically adjusted for when assessing operating performance.

Our management uses MFFO and the adjustments used to calculate MFFO in order to evaluate our performance against other public, non-listed REITs which have limited lives with short and defined acquisition periods and targeted exit strategies shortly thereafter. As noted above, MFFO may not be a useful measure of the impact of long-term operating performance on value if we do not continue to operate in this manner. We believe that our use of MFFO and the adjustments used to calculate MFFO allow us to present our performance in a manner that reflects certain characteristics that are unique to public, non-listed REITs, such as their limited life, limited and defined acquisition period and targeted exit strategy, and hence that the use of such measures is useful to investors. By excluding expensed acquisition costs, the use of MFFO provides information consistent with management’s analysis of the operating performance of the properties. Additionally, fair value adjustments, which are based on the impact of current market fluctuations and underlying assessments of general market conditions, but can also result from operational factors such as rental and occupancy rates, may not be directly related or attributable to our current operating performance. By excluding such changes that may reflect anticipated and unrealized gains or losses, we believe MFFO provides useful supplemental information.

Presentation of this information is intended to provide useful information to investors as they compare the operating performance to that of other public, non-listed REITs, although it should be noted that not all public, non-listed REITs calculate FFO and MFFO the same way, so comparisons with other public, non-listed REITs may not be meaningful.GAAP. Furthermore, FFO and MFFO areCore FFO do not necessarily indicativerepresent amounts available for management’s discretionary use because of cash flow available to fund cash needs andneeded capital replacement or expansion, debt service obligations or other commitments or uncertainties. Neither FFO nor Core FFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) or income (loss) from continuing operations as an indicationindicator of our operating performance or as an alternative to cash flowsflow from operationsoperating activities as an indicationa measure of our liquidity, or indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. FFO and MFFO should be reviewed in conjunction with GAAP measurements as an indication of our performance. MFFO has limitations as a performance measure in an offering such as ours where the price of a share of common stock is a stated value and there is no regular net asset value determination during the offering stage and for a period thereafter. MFFO is useful in assisting management and investors in assessing the sustainability of operating performance in future operating periods, and in particular, after the offering and acquisition stages are complete and net asset value is disclosed. MFFO is not a useful measure in evaluating net asset value because impairments are taken into account in determining net asset value but not in determining MFFO.

Neither the SEC, NAREIT nor any other regulatory body has passed judgment on the acceptability of the adjustments that we use to calculate FFO or MFFO. In the future, the SEC, NAREIT or another regulatory body may decide to standardize the allowable adjustments across the non-listed REIT industry and in response to such standardization we may have to adjust our calculation and characterization of FFO or MFFO accordingly.liquidity.

Set forth below is a reconciliation of net income (loss) to FFO and MFFOCore FFO for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and nine month periods ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands, except share and per share information):

 

  For the Three-Month
Period Ended
September 30, 2012
   For the Three-Month
Period Ended
September 30, 2011
   For the Three-Month Period
Ended

March 31, 2013
 For the Three-Month Period
Ended

March 31, 2012
 
  Amount Per Share   Amount Per Share   Amount Per Share Amount   Per Share 

Funds From Operations:

            

Net income (loss)

  $(14 $0.00    $(65 $(0.02  $340   $0.06   $153    $0.03  

Adjustments:

            

Income allocated to preferred shares

   (4  0.00     —      —       (4)  (0.00  —       —    

Income allocated to preferred units

   (88)  (0.02  —       —    

Real estate depreciation and amortization

   840    0.15     630    0.16     1,036    0.18    820     0.15  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

 

Funds From Operations

  $822   $0.15    $565   $0.14    $1,284   $0.23   $973    $0.18  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

 

Weighted-average shares—diluted (a)

   5,599,259    5,599,259     4,066,700    4,066,700     5,620,810    5,620,810    5,400,395     5,400,395  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

 

Modified Funds From Operations:

      

Core Funds From Operations:

      

Funds From Operations

  $822   $0.15    $565   $0.14    $1,284   $0.23   $973    $0.18  

Adjustments:

            

Acquisition fees and expenses (b)

   52    0.01     58    0.01  

Acquisition fees and expenses

   —      —      27     0.00  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

 

Modified Funds From Operations

  $874   $0.16    $623   $0.15  

Core Funds From Operations

  $1,284   $0.23   $1,000    $0.18  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

 

Weighted-average shares—diluted (a)

   5,599,259    5,599,259     4,066,700    4,066,700     5,620,810    5,620,810    5,400,395     5,400,395  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

 

 

(a)Weighted-average shares—diluted includes 4,046,700 and 5,274,900 limited partnership units that are convertible intoexchangeable for common stock as of September 30, 2011March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
(b)In evaluating investments in real estate, management differentiates the costs to acquire the investment from the operations derived from the investment. Such information would be comparable only for non-listed REITs that have completed their acquisition activity and have other similar operating characteristics. By excluding expensed acquisition costs, management believes MFFO provides useful supplemental information that is comparable for each type of real estate investment and is consistent with management’s analysis of the investing and operating performance of our properties. As discussed above, we will not pay any acquisition fees to our advisor in connection with our purchase of properties and we will reimburse our advisor for acquisition expenses only to a limited extent. As a result, acquisition fees relate to payments to third parties and acquisition expenses include payments to our advisor or third parties. Acquisition fees and expenses under GAAP are considered operating expenses and as expenses included in the determination of net income and income from continuing operations, both of which are performance measures under GAAP. All paid and accrued acquisition fees and expenses will have negative effects on returns to investors, the potential for future distributions, and cash flows generated by us, unless earnings from operations or net sales proceeds from the disposition of properties are generated to cover the purchase price of the property, these fees and expenses and other costs related to the property. In the event that proceeds from our initial public offering are not available to fund our reimbursement of acquisition fees and expenses incurred by our advisor, such fees and expenses will need to be reimbursed to the advisor from other sources, including debt, operational earnings or cash flow, net proceeds from the sale of properties, or from ancillary cash flows. The acquisition of properties, and the corresponding acquisition fees and expenses, is the key operational feature of our business plan to generate operational income and cash flow to fund distributions to its stockholders.2012.

   For the Nine-Month
Period Ended
September 30, 2012
   For the Nine-Month
Period Ended
September 30, 2011
 
   Amount  Per Share   Amount  Per Share 

Funds From Operations:

      

Net income (loss)

  $378   $0.07    $(317 $(0.14

Adjustments:

      

Income allocated to preferred shares

   (12  0.00     —      —    

Real estate depreciation and amortization

   2,471    0.45     1,083    0.47  
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Funds From Operations

  $2,837   $0.52    $766   $0.33  
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Weighted-average shares—diluted (a)

   5,531,783    5,531,765     2,317,663    2,317,663  
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Modified Funds From Operations:

      

Funds From Operations

  $2,837   $0.52    $766   $0.33  

Adjustments:

      

Acquisition fees and expenses (b)

   92    0.02     404    0.17  
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Modified Funds From Operations

  $2,929   $0.54    $1,170   $0.50  
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Weighted-average shares—diluted (a)

   5,531,783    5,531,765     2,317,633    2,317,663  
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

(a)Weighted-average shares—diluted includes 4,046,700 and 5,274,900 limited partnership units that are convertible into common stock as of September 30, 2011 and 2012, respectively.
(b)In evaluating investments in real estate, management differentiates the costs to acquire the investment from the operations derived from the investment. Such information would be comparable only for non-listed REITs that have completed their acquisition activity and have other similar operating characteristics. By excluding expensed acquisition costs, management believes MFFO provides useful supplemental information that is comparable for each type of real estate investment and is consistent with management’s analysis of the investing and operating performance of our properties. As discussed above, we will not pay any acquisition fees to our advisor in connection with our purchase of properties and we will reimburse our advisor for acquisition expenses only to a limited extent. As a result, acquisition fees relate to payments to third parties and acquisition expenses include payments to our advisor or third parties. Acquisition fees and expenses under GAAP are considered operating expenses and as expenses included in the determination of net income and income from continuing operations, both of which are performance measures under GAAP. All paid and accrued acquisition fees and expenses will have negative effects on returns to investors, the potential for future distributions, and cash flows generated by us, unless earnings from operations or net sales proceeds from the disposition of properties are generated to cover the purchase price of the property, these fees and expenses and other costs related to the property. In the event that proceeds from our initial public offering are not available to fund our reimbursement of acquisition fees and expenses incurred by our advisor, such fees and expenses will need to be reimbursed to the advisor from other sources, including debt, operational earnings or cash flow, net proceeds from the sale of properties, or from ancillary cash flows. The acquisition of properties, and the corresponding acquisition fees and expenses, is the key operational feature of our business plan to generate operational income and cash flow to fund distributions to its stockholders.

Results of Operations

Three-Month Period Ended September 30, 2012March 31, 2013 Compared to the Three-Month Period Ended September 30, 2011March 31, 2012

TotalOur total revenue increased $0.8$0.7 million to $4.7 million for the three-month period ended March 31, 2013 from $4.0 million for the three-month period ended September 30,March 31, 2012. The increase is primarily attributable to a property we acquired on October 11, 2012 from $3.2along with improved occupancy and rental rates.

Our expenses increased $0.5 million to $3.5 million for the three-month period ended September 30, 2011. The increase is attributable to revenueMarch 31, 2013 from a property we acquired in December 2011 that we did not own during the three-months ended September 30, 2011.

Expenses increased $0.5 million to $3.2$3.0 million for the three-month period ended September 30, 2012 from $2.7 million for the three-month period ended September 30, 2011.March 31, 2012. Expenses were comprised primarily of property operating expenses which increased $0.4$0.3 million to $2.1$2.2 million from $1.7$1.9 million for the three-month period ended September 30, 2011March 31, 2012 and depreciation and amortization which increased $0.2 million to $0.8$1.0 million from $0.6$0.8 million for the three-month period ended September 30, 2011.March 31, 2012. The increases are increase is primarily

attributable to a property we acquired in December 2011 that we did not own during the three-months ended September 30, 2011.on October 11, 2012. We incurred certain general and administrative expenses related to audit and other professional fees, trustee fees and other federal and state filing fees during the three-month periods ended September 30,March 31, 2013 and 2012 and 2011, of $0.2$0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

InterestOur interest expense increased $0.2$0.1 million to $0.8$0.9 million for the three-month period ended September 30, 2012March 31, 2013 from $0.6 million$0.8 for the three-month period ended September 30, 2011.March 31, 2012. The increase is attributable to the mortgage indebtedness used to finance the acquisition of a property in December 2011 that we did not own during the three-months ended September 30, 2011.

Nine-Month Period Ended September 30, 2012 Compared to the Nine-Month Period Ended September 30, 2011

Total revenue increased $6.7 million to $12.1 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 from $5.4 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2011. The increase is attributable to $2.3 million of revenue from a property we acquired in December 2011 that we did not own during the nine-months ended September 30, 2011 and $4.4 million from six properties that we did not own for the entire nine-months ended September 30, 2011.

Expenses increased $4.6 million to $9.3 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 from $4.7 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2011. Expenses were comprised primarily of property operating expenses which increased $3.1 million to $5.9 million from $2.8 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2011 and depreciation and amortization which increased $1.4 million to $2.5 million from $1.1 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2011. The increases are attributable to a property we acquired in December 2011 that we did not own during the nine-months ended September 30, 2011 and from six properties that we did not own for the entire nine-months ended September 30, 2011. We incurred certain general and administrative expenses related to audit and other professional fees, trustee fees and other federal and state filing fees during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, of $0.9 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

Interest expense increased $1.3 million to $2.4 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 from $1.1 for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2011. The increase is attributable to the mortgage indebtedness used to finance the acquisition of a property in December 2011 that we did not own during the nine-months ended September 30, 2011 and from the mortgage indebtedness used to finance the acquisition of six properties that we did not own for the entire nine-months ended September 30, 2011.on October 11, 2012.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, fund and maintain investments, pay distributions and other general business needs.

We believe our available cash balances, other financing arrangements and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund our liquidity requirements with respect to our existing portfolio for the next 12 months. We expect to raise capital in our offering, increase our borrowings and make future acquisitions, which would have a significant impact on our future results of operations. In general, we expect that our income and expenses related to our portfolio will increase in future periods as a result of anticipated future acquisitions of real estate. Should our liquidity needs exceed our available sources of liquidity, we believe that we could sell assets to raise additional cash. We may not be able to obtain additional financing when we desire to do so or on terms and conditions acceptable to us. If we fail to obtain additional financing, our ability to maintain or grow our business will be constrained.

Our primary cash requirements are to:

 

make investments and fund the associated costs;

 

repay our indebtedness;

 

pay our operating and organization and offering expenses, including fees paid to our advisor and Jupiter Communities, LLC, our property manager;

fund repurchases of shares pursuant to our share repurchase program; and

 

distribute a minimum of 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain) and to make investments in a manner that enables us to maintain our qualification as a REIT.

We intend to meet these liquidity requirements primarily through:

 

the use of our cash and cash equivalent balance of $3.6$2.7 million as of September 30, 2012;March 31, 2013;

 

cash generated from operating activities;

 

proceeds from the sale of our common stock pursuant to ourthe offering and our distribution reinvestment plan; anddescribed in the amended registration statement;

 

if required proceeds from future borrowings.borrowings and offerings.

Through April 8, 2013, we had sold shares of our common stock pursuant to the continuous offering carried out in a manner consistent with offerings of non-listed REITs. Our board of directors subsequently determined that it would be in our best interest to sell our common stock in an underwritten offering will end no later than June 10, 2013, unless we elect to extend it to a date no later than June 10, 2014described in the states that permit us to make this one-year extension. Ifamended registration statement, and terminate our continuous offering. Through March 31, 2013 we extendhad raised $3.3 million, including $0.3 million from unaffiliated investors, in net proceeds from our continuous offering. We will depend on the net proceeds of the offering for another year and file anotherdescribed in the amended registration statement, duringand any future offerings in which we engage, together with the one-year extensionproceeds of debt financings, to meet our investment objectives of acquiring, owning and operating a portfolio of apartment properties. We will seek to enhance our growth through the use of prudent amounts of leverage. In general, we intend to limit our aggregate leverage to 70% of the combined initial purchase price of all of our real estate properties. During the period following the underwritten offering, we may employ greater leverage in order to sell additional shares, we could continue to sell shares in our offering until the earliermore quickly build a diversified portfolio of 180 days after the third anniversary of the commencement of our offering or the effective date of the subsequent registration statement. Nothing in our organizational documents prohibits us from engaging in additional subsequent public or private offerings of our stock. Although we could continue public offerings indefinitely, and although we have not set a date or an aggregate amount of offeringassets

proceeds beyond which we must stop offering shares, we do not expect to continue offering shares beyond June 10, 2014.

Cash Flows

As of September 30,March 31, 2013 and 2012, and 2011, we maintained cash and cash equivalents of approximately $3.6$2.7 million and $1.2$4.2 million, respectively. Our cash and cash equivalents were generated from the following activities (dollars in thousands):

 

  For the Nine-Month Periods
Ended September 30
   For the Three-Month Periods
Ended March 31
 
  2012 2011   2013 2012 

Cash flow from operating activities

  $2,841   $1,451    $1,381   $1,164  

Cash flow from investing activities

   (992  (1,023   (270  (392

Cash flow from financing activities

   662    573     (916  2,335  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Net change in cash and cash equivalents

   2,511    1,001     195    3,107  

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

   1,107    209     2,533    1,107  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

  $3,618   $1,210    $2,728   $4,214  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Our increased cash inflow from operating activities during the nine-monththree-month period ended September 30, 2012March 31, 2013 is attributabledue to the acquisition of a property in December 2011 that was not present during the nine-months ended September 30, 2011on October 11, 2012 along with improved occupancy and from six properties acquired during the nine-months ended September 30, 2011 present for three full quarters of operations during the nine-months ended September 30, 2012.rental rates.

The cash inflow from our financing activities during the nine-monththree-month period ended September 30,March 31, 2012 is substantially due to the issuance of 300,000 shares of our common stock for $3.0 million and cash distributions paid to non-controlling interests of $2.4 million.in cash.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

None.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20112012 contains a discussion of our critical accounting policies. Management discusses our critical accounting policies and management’s judgments and estimates with our Audit Committee.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In DecemberJune 2011, the FASB issued an accounting standard classified under FASB ASC Topic 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment.”222, “Comprehensive Income”. This accounting standard amends existing guidance to resolveimprove the diversitycomparability, consistency, and transparency of financial reporting and to increase the prominence of items reported in practice about whetherother comprehensive income by requiring entities to present the guidance for real estate sales appliestotal of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income in either a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. In addition, the entity is required to a parent that ceases to have a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary that is in substance real estate as a result of defaultpresent on the subsidiary’s nonrecourse debt. Thisface of the financial statements reclassification adjustments for items that are reclassified from other comprehensive income to net income in the statement(s) where the components of net income and the components of other comprehensive income are presented. In December 2011, the FASB issued an accounting standard isthat deferred the new presentation requirements about reclassification adjustments. Both of these accounting standards are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods with those years, beginning on or after JuneDecember 15, 2012. Management does not expect that the2011. The adoption of this standard willthese standards did not have a material impacteffect on our consolidated financial statements.

 

Item 3.Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosure About Market Risk.

There have been no material changes in quantitative and qualitative market risks during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2012March 31, 2013 from the disclosures included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.2012. Reference is made to Item 7A included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.2012.

Item 4.Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act). Based upon, and as of the date of, the evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting on a timely basis, information required to be disclosed by us in our reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1.Legal Proceedings.

None.

 

Item 1A.Risk Factors.

There have not been any material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Item 1A—“Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011.2012.

 

Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

During the three months ended September 30, 2012,March 31, 2013, our company did not repurchase any of our securities or issue any equity securities that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

On June 10, 2011, our Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-173391) for ana continuous offering of a minimum of 250,000 shares and a maximum of 100,000,000 shares of common stock for sale to the public at a price of $10.00 per share (subject to certain discounts) in the primary offering and $9.50 per share pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, which we refer to collectively as our offering, was initially declared effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. Independence Realty Securities, LLC, an affiliate of our sponsor,RAIT, is serving as the dealer manager for the offering. As of September 30, 2012,March 31, 2013, we had sold 305,000336,300 shares of our common stock for $10.00 per share for total gross proceeds of $3,050,000,$3,363,000, including 300,000 shares sold to RAIT NTR. Through the filing date of this report, we used $2,012,500 of the proceeds of our offering to partially fund the purchase price for Runaway Bay Apartments. As described above, we have filed the amended registration statement to terminate the continuous offering and describe a proposed underwritten offering.

From the effective date of our registration statement through September 30, 2012,March 31, 2013, we incurred actual selling commissions, dealer manager fees and organization and other offering costs in our offering in the amounts set forth below. The dealer manager reallowed allof the selling commissions and a portion of the dealer manager fee to participating broker-dealers.

 

Type of Expense

  Amount   Percentage of
Offering Proceeds
   Amount   Percentage of
Offering Proceeds
 

Selling commissions

  $3,500     0.00  $25,410     0.76%

Dealer manager fees

   1,500     0.00   10,890     0.32%

Other organization and other offering costs

   30,500     0.01   33,630     1.00%
  

 

     

 

   

 

 

Total expenses related to the offering

  $35,500     0.01  $69,930     2.08%
  

 

     

 

   

 

 

From the commencement of the offering through September 30,2012,March 31, 2013, the net offering proceeds to us, after deducting the total expenses related to the offering as described above, were $3,014,500.$3,293,070. We have issued 23258 shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan through September 30, 2012.March 31, 2013. On April 26, 2013, we filed the amended registration statement which reallocated the common stock available under the DRP to the underwritten offering and subsequently terminated the DRP.

 

Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

 

Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures.

None.

Item 5.Other Information.

None.The disclosure below is intended to satisfy any obligation of the Company to provide disclosure pursuant Item 1.01-“Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement” of Form 8-K.

Effective as of May 7, 2013, the operating partnership adopted the Fourth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Independence Realty Operating Partnership, LP, or the amended and restated operating partnership agreement. The amended and restated operating partnership agreement was adopted primarily to (i) eliminate the special units previously issued to RAIT NTR in connection with the amendment and restatement of the amended and restated advisory agreement described below and (ii) reflect the exchange of shares of the Company’s common stock for limited partnership common units of the operating partnership held by RAIT NTR and other wholly-owned subsidiaries of RAIT, or the RAIT subsidiaries, described below. As described in this report, the operating partnership is a subsidiary of the Company which serves as its operating partnership. A copy of the amended and restated operating partnership agreement is attached to this report as Exhibit 4.1 and is incorporated herein by reference.

Effective as of May 7, 2013, the Company, the operating partnership and the advisor entered into the Second Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement, or the amended and restated advisory agreement. The amended and restated advisory agreement was adopted primarily to adjust the advisor’s compensation and modify its duties to the Company. As described in this report, the advisor is a subsidiary of RAIT which serves as the Company’s advisor. A copy of the amended and restated advisory agreement is attached to this report as Exhibit 10.1 and is incorporated herein by reference.

The disclosure below is intended to satisfy any obligation of ours to provide disclosure pursuant (e) of Item 3.02 “Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities” of Form 8-K.

On May 7, 2013, the Company contributed $1,000 to its newly formed wholly owned subsidiary, IRT Limited Partner, LLC, or the OP limited partner. The OP limited partner then contributed $1,000 to the operating partnership and the operating partnership issued the OP limited partner 100 common units of the operating partnership characterized as limited partnership interests. The common units of the operating partnership issued were issued in reliance on an exemption from registration pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

On May 7, 2013, the Company issued an aggregate of 5,274,900 shares of its common stock to the RAIT subsidiaries in exchange for 5,274,900 common units of limited partnership interest in the operating partnership held by the RAIT subsidiaries. The exchange was effected pursuant to the terms of the Third Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the operating partnership immediately prior to the effectiveness of the amended and restated operating partnership agreement described above. The Third Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the operating partnership provided that each holder of a common unit of the operating partnership had the right to cause the operating partnership to exchange the holder’s units for cash equal to the value of an equivalent number of shares of the Company’s common stock or, at the Company’s option, for shares of the Company’s common stock on a one-for-one basis. This right was not changed in the amended and restated operating partnership agreement described above. The Company exercised its option to exchange each holder’s units for the Company’s common stock. The shares of Company common stock issued were issued in reliance on an exemption from registration pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

The disclosure below is intended to satisfy any obligation of ours to provide disclosure pursuant to Item 3.03-“Material Modification to Rights of Security Holders” and Item 5.03-“Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year” of Form 8-K.

The disclosure above concerning the amended and restated operating partnership agreement is incorporated herein by reference.

On May 7, 2013, the board of directors of the Company, or the board, adopted the Second Amendment and Restatement of the Company’s Bylaws, or the amended and restated bylaws. The changes included, among other things, removing requirements relating to the independent directors and also permitting stockholders to take action by written consent of stockholders holding the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize an action at a meeting of stockholders. A copy of the amended and restated bylaws is attached to this report as Exhibit 3.2 and is incorporated herein by reference.

On May 7, 2013, the board deemed advisable and submitted to RAIT NTR, as the holder of over 90% of the Company’s common stock, the Sixth Amendment to the Company’s charter, or the charter amendment, for approval. On May 7, 2013, RAIT NTR approved the charter amendment by written consent in accordance with the amended and restated bylaws. The changes included, among other things, removing financial requirements relating to the Company’s operations and other requirements. The charter amendment was filed with the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation on May 7, 2013. A copy of the amended charter is attached to this report as Exhibit 3.1 and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 6.Exhibits.

The exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index (following the signatures section of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q) are included herewith.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

Independence Realty Trust, Inc.

Date: November 9, 2012May 13, 2013 By: 

/S/ JSACKCOTT E.F. SALMONCHAEFFER

  Jack E. Salmon Scott F. Schaeffer
  Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President
 
  (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: November 9, 2012May 13, 2013 By: 

/S/ JAMES J. SEBRA

  James J. Sebra
 
  Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
 
  (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit

  

Description

    3.1  FifthSixth Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Company, dated as of February 29, 2012, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011.May 7, 2013.
    3.2  FirstSecond Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 filed on April 8, 2011, Commission File No. 333-173391.dated as of May 7, 2013.
    4.1  ThirdFourth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Independence Realty Operating Partnership, LP, dated as of January 4, 2012, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 filed on March 16, 2012, Commission File No. 333-173391 (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 3”).
    4.2Distribution Reinvestment Plan, incorporated by reference to Appendix B to the prospectus contained within Post-Effective Amendment No. 3.
    4.3Form of Subscription Agreement, incorporated by reference to Appendix C to the prospectus contained within Post-Effective Amendment No. 3.
    4.4First Amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Independence Realty Operating Partnership, LP, dated October 11, 2012, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 17, 2012.May 7, 2013.
  10.1  Multifamily Loan

Second Amended and SecurityRestated Advisory Agreement effective as of October 11, 2012 between IRT Runaway Bay Apartments, LLCby and Walker & Dunlop, LLC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 toamong the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 17, 2012.

  10.2Guaranty of Non-Recourse Obligations dated as of October 11, 2012 byCompany, Independence Realty Operating Partnership, LP and Independence Realty Advisors, LLC, dated as guarantor, to and for the benefit of Walker & Dunlop, LLC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 17, 2012.May 7, 2013.

  31.1  Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  31.2  Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  32.1  Certification of PrincipalChief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  32.2  Certification of PrincipalChief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101  XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language). The following materials, formatted in XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2012March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2011,2012, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine-monththree-month periods ended September 30,March 31, 2013 and March 31, 2012, and September 30, 2011, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three and nine-monththree-month periods ended September 30,March 31, 2013 and March 31, 2012, and September 30, 2011, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30,2012 and September 30, 2011, and (v) notes to the consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2012.March 31, 2013. As provided in Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, this information is furnished and not filed for purpose of Sections 11 and 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 

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