UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM10-Q

(Mark One)

[X]QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 20172018

or

 

[  ]TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number1-15226

 

LOGOLOGO

ENCANA CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Canada 98-0355077
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

Suite 4400, 500 Centre Street S.E., P.O. Box 2850, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2P 2S5

(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code(403) 645-2000

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  [X]    No  [    ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of RegulationS-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  [X]    No  [    ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, anon-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer

 

[X]

  Accelerated filer    

    Accelerated filer

[    ]

Non-accelerated filer

 

[    ]

(Do (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

  

Smaller reporting company

    

[    ]

   Emerging growth company    

    Emerging growth company

[    ]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  [    ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule12b-2 of the Act).

Yes  [    ]    No  [X]

 

Number of registrant’s common shares outstanding as of April 28, 201727, 2018

  973,078,601963,146,387 


ENCANA CORPORATION

FORM10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PART I  

Item 1.     Financial Statements

   6 

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings

   6 

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

   6 

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet

   7 

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

   8 

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

   9 

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

   10 

Item 2.      Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   3235 

Item 3.      Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

   4953 

Item 4.     Controls and Procedures

   5054 
PART II  

Item 1.     Legal Proceedings

   5155 

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

   5155 

Item 2.      Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

   5155 

Item 3.     Defaults Upon Senior Securities

   5155 

Item 4.     Mine Safety Disclosures

   5155 

Item 5.     Other Information

   5155 

Item 6.     Exhibits

   5156 

Signatures

   5257 

DEFINITIONS

Unless the context otherwise indicates, references to “us,” “we,” “our,” “ours,” “Encana” and the “Company” refer to Encana Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. In addition, the following are other abbreviations and definitions of certain terms used within this Quarterly Report on Form10-Q:

“AECO” means Alberta Energy Company and is the Canadian benchmark price for natural gas.

“ASU” means Accounting Standards Update.

“bbl” or “bbls” means barrel or barrels.

“BOE” means barrels of oil equivalent.

“Btu” means British thermal units, a measure of heating value.

“CRA” means Canada Revenue Agency.

“DD&A” means depreciation, depletion and amortization expenses.

“FASB” means Financial Accounting Standards Board.

“Mbbls/d” means thousand barrels per day.

“MBOE/d” means thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day.

“Mcf” means thousand cubic feet.

“MD&A” means Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

“MMBOE” means million barrels of oil equivalent.

“MMBtu” means million Btu.

“MMcf/d” means million cubic feet per day.

“NGL” or “NGLs” means natural gas liquids.

“NYMEX” means New York Mercantile Exchange.

“OPEC” means Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

“SEC” means United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

“TSX” means Toronto Stock Exchange.

“U.S.”, “United States” or “USA” means United States of America.

“U.S. GAAP” means U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.

“WTI” means West Texas Intermediate.

CONVERSIONS

In this Quarterly Report on Form10-Q, a conversion of natural gas volumes to BOE is on the basis of six Mcf to one bbl. BOE is based on a generic energy equivalency conversion method primarily applicable at the burner tip and does not represent economic value equivalency at the wellhead. Given that the value ratio based on the current price of oil as compared to natural gas is significantly different from the energy equivalency of 6:1, utilizing a conversion on a 6:1 basis may be misleading as an indication of value, particularly if used in isolation.

CONVENTIONS

Unless otherwise specified, all dollar amounts are expressed in U.S. dollars, all references to “dollars”, “$” or “US$” are to U.S. dollars and all references to “C$” are to Canadian dollars. All amounts are provided on a before tax basis, unless otherwise stated. In addition, all information provided herein is presented on an after royalties basis.

The term “liquids” is used to represent oil, NGLs and condensate. The term “liquids rich” is used to represent natural gas streams with associated liquids volumes. The term “play” is used to describe an area in which hydrocarbon accumulations or prospects of a given type occur. Encana’s focus of development is on hydrocarbon accumulations known to exist over a large areal expanse and/or thick vertical section and are developed using hydraulic fracturing. This type of development typically has a lower geological and/or commercial development risk and lower average decline rate, when compared to conventional development.

The term “core asset” refers to plays that are the focus of the Company’s current capital investment and development plan. The Company continually reviews funding for development of its plays based on strategic fit, profitability and portfolio diversity and, as such, the composition of plays identified as a core asset may change over time.

References to information contained on the Company’s website atwww.encana.com are not incorporated by reference into, and does not constitute a part of, this Quarterly Report on Form10-Q.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND RISK

This Quarterly Report on Form10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements or information (collectively, “forward-looking statements”) within the meaning of applicable securities legislation.legislation, including the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include: composition of the Company’s core assets, including the allocation of capital and focus of development plans; growth in long-term shareholder value; vision to being a leading North American resource play company; statements with respect to the Company’s strategic objectives including capital allocation strategy, focus of investment, growth of high margin liquids volumes, operating and capital efficiencies ability to reduce costs and ability to preserve balance sheet strength; the continued evolution of the Companyability to drive greater productivitylower costs and cost efficiencies;improve efficiencies resulting fromto achieve competitive advantage; ability to repeat and deploy successful practices across the Company’s multi-basin portfolio; balancing commodity portfolio; anticipated commodity prices; ability to accelerate activity levels;success of and benefits from technology and innovation, including cube development approach and advanced completion designs; ability to optimize well and completion designs; future well inventory; anticipated drilling, number of drilling rigs and the success thereof; anticipated drilling costs and cycle times; anticipated proceeds and future benefits from various joint venture, partnership and other agreements; expected timing for construction of compressionfacilities and processing capacity;costs thereof; expansion of future midstream services; estimates of reserves and resources; expected production and product types; statements regarding anticipated cash flow,non-GAAP cash flow margin and leverage ratios; anticipated cash and cash equivalents; anticipated hedging and outcomes of risk management program; managing risk,program, including theexposure to certain commodity prices and foreign exchange, amount of hedged production, market access and physical sales locations; impact of changes in laws and regulations; level of expenditurescompliance with environmental legislation and claims related to the purported causes and impact of environmental legislation;climate change, and the costs therefrom; adequacy of provisions for abandonment and site reclamation costs; financial flexibility and discipline; access to cash and cash equivalents and other methods of funding; the ability to meet financial obligations, manage debt and financial ratios, finance growth and compliance with financial covenants; impact to the Company as a result of changes to its credit rating; access to the Company’s credit facilities; planned annualized dividend and the declaration and payment of future dividends, if any; the Company’s normal course issuer bid (“NCIB”) program, including amounts and number of shares to be acquired, anticipated timeframe, method and location of purchases, and source of funding thereof; adequacy of the Company’s provision for taxes and legal claims; the projections and expectation of meeting the targets contained in the Company’s corporate guidance;guidance and five-year plan; ability to manage cost inflation and expected cost structures, including expected operating, transportation and processing and administrative expenses; competitiveness and pace of growth of the Company’s assets within North America and against its peers; outlook of oil and gas industry generally and impact of geopolitical environment; returns from the Company’s core assets; flexibility and source of funding of capital spending plans; expected future interest expense; the Company’s commitments and obligations; potential future discounts, if any, in connection with the Company’s dividend reinvestment program; statements with respect to future ceiling test impairments; and the possible impact and timing of accounting pronouncements, rule changes and standards.

Readers are cautioned against unduly relying on forward-looking statements which, by their nature, involve numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties that may cause such statements not to occur, or results to differ materially from those expressed or implied. These assumptions include: future commodity prices and differentials; foreign exchange rates; the Company’s ability to access its revolving credit facilities and shelf prospectuses; assumptions contained in the Company’s corporate guidance, five-year plan and as specified herein; data contained in key modeling statistics; availability of attractive hedges and enforceability of risk management program; effectiveness of the Company’s drive to productivity and efficiencies; results from innovations; the expectation that counterparties will fulfill their obligations under the gathering, midstream and marketing agreements; access to transportation and processing facilities where Encana operates; assumed tax, royalty and regulatory regimes; enforceability of transaction agreements; and expectations and projections made in light of, and generally consistent with, Encana’s historical experience and its perception of historical trends, including with respect to the pace of technological development, the benefits achieved and general industry expectations.

Risks and uncertainties that may affect these business outcomes include: the ability to generate sufficient cash flow to meet the Company’s obligations; risks inherent to completing transactions on a timely basis or at all and adjustments that may impact the expected value to Encana; commodity price volatility; ability to secure adequate product transportation and potential pipeline curtailments; variability and discretion of Encana’s board of directors (the “Board of Directors”) to declare and pay dividends, if any; the timing and costs of well, facilities and pipeline construction; business interruption, property and casualty losses or unexpected technical difficulties;

difficulties, including impact of weather; counterparty and credit risk; risk and effectimpact of a downgrade in credit rating, including below an investment-grade credit rating and its impact on access to capital markets and other sources of liquidity; fluctuations in currency and interest rates; risks inherent in the Company’s corporate guidance; failure to achieve anticipated results from cost and efficiency initiatives; risks inherent in marketing operations; risks associated with technology; changes in or interpretation of royalty, tax, environmental, greenhouse gas, carbon, accounting and other laws or regulations; risks associated with existing and potential future lawsuits and regulatory actions made against the Company; impact to the Company as a result of disputes arising with its partners, including the suspension by its partners of certain of their obligations and the inability to dispose of assets or interests in certain arrangements; the Company’s ability to acquire or find additional reserves; imprecision of reserves estimates and estimates of recoverable quantities, of natural gas and liquids from plays and other sources not currently classified

as proved, probable or possible reserves or economic contingent resources, including future net revenue estimates; risks associated with past and future acquisitions or divestitures of certain assets or other transactions or receipt of amounts contemplated under the transaction agreements (such transactions may include third-party capital investments, farm-outs or partnerships, which Encana may refer to from time to time as “partnerships” or “joint ventures” and the funds received in respect thereof which Encana may refer to from time to time as “proceeds”, “deferred purchase price” and/or “carry capital”, regardless of the legal form) as a result of various conditions not being met; and other risks described herein and in Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Annual Report on Form10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20162017 (“20162017 Annual Report on Form10-K”) and risks and uncertainties impacting Encana’s business as described from time to time in the Company’s other periodic filings with the SEC.

Although the Company believes the expectations represented by such forward-looking statements are reasonable, there can be no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. Readers are cautioned that the assumptions, risks and uncertainties referenced above are not exhaustive. Forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this document and, except as required by law, the Company undertakes no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form10-Q are expressly qualified by these cautionary statements.

The reader should read carefully the risk factors described herein and in Item 1A. Risk Factors of the 20162017 Annual Report onForm 10-K for a description of certain risks that could, among other things, cause actual results to differ from these forward-looking statements.

PART I

Item 1. Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings(unaudited)

 

      

Three Months Ended

March 31,

 
(US$ millions, except per share amounts)                      2017                     2016  
 

Revenues

  (Note 3)       
 

Product revenues

    $738     $519  
 

Gains (losses) on risk management, net

  (Note 19)     338      123  
 

Market optimization

     186      87  
 

Other

      35      24  

Total Revenues

      1,297      753  
 

Operating Expenses

  (Note 3)       
 

Production, mineral and other taxes

     29      23  
 

Transportation and processing

  (Note 19)     212      269  
 

Operating

     132      166  
 

Purchased product

     171      73  
 

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

     187      261  
 

Impairments

  (Note 8)     -      912  
 

Accretion of asset retirement obligation

  (Note 11)     11      13  
 

Administrative

  (Note 15)     58      79  
 

Total Operating Expenses

      800      1,796  
 

Operating Income (Loss)

      497      (1,043) 
 

Other (Income) Expenses

       
 

Interest

  (Note 5)     88      103  
 

Foreign exchange (gain) loss, net

  (Notes 6, 19)     (26)     (379) 
 

(Gain) loss on divestitures, net

     1       
 

Other (gains) losses, net

  (Note 9)     -      (87) 
 

Total Other (Income) Expenses

      63      (363) 
 

Net Earnings (Loss) Before Income Tax

     434      (680) 
 

Income tax expense (recovery)

  (Note 7)     3      (301) 
 

Net Earnings (Loss)

     $431     $(379) 
 

Net Earnings (Loss) per Common Share

       
 

Basic & Diluted

  (Note 12)    $0.44     $(0.45) 
 

Dividends Declared per Common Share

  (Note 12)    $0.015     $0.015  
 

Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding (millions)

       
 

Basic & Diluted

  (Note 12)     973.0      849.9  

     

Three Months Ended

March 31,

(US$ millions, except per share amounts)     2018    2017 (1)    

 

Revenues

 (Notes 3, 4)    
 

Product and service revenues

   $            1,260   $934  
 

Gains (losses) on risk management, net

 (Note 19)    36   338 
 

Sublease revenues

     17   17 
 

Total Revenues

     1,313   1,289 
 

Operating Expenses

 (Note 3)    
 

Production, mineral and other taxes

    29   29 
 

Transportation and processing

 (Note 19)    249   212 
 

Operating

 (Notes 16, 17)    111   132 
 

Purchased product

    273   171 
 

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

    275   187 
 

Accretion of asset retirement obligation

 (Note 12)    8   11 
 

Administrative

 (Notes 16, 17)    31   58 
 

Total Operating Expenses

     976   800 
 

Operating Income (Loss)

     337   489 
 

Other (Income) Expenses

    
 

Interest

 (Note 5)    92   88 
 

Foreign exchange (gain) loss, net

 (Notes 6, 19)    91   (26
 

(Gain) loss on divestitures, net

    (3  1 
 

Other (gains) losses, net

 (Note 17)    (3  (8
 

Total Other (Income) Expenses

     177   55 
 

Net Earnings (Loss) Before Income Tax

    160   434 
 

Income tax expense (recovery)

 (Note 7)    9   3 
 

Net Earnings (Loss)

    $151  $431 
 

Net Earnings (Loss) per Common Share

     
 

Basic & Diluted

 (Note 13)   $0.16  $0.44 
 

Dividends Declared per Common Share

 (Note 13)   $0.015  $            0.015 
 

Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding (millions)

    
 

Basic & Diluted

 (Note 13)    971.5   973.0 

(1)   Corporate interest income of $8 million previously reported in revenues and operating income (loss) in Q1 2017 has been reclassified to other (gains) losses, net. The remaining Q1 2017 revenues have been realigned to conform with the current year presentation.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income(unaudited)

 

     

Three Months Ended

March 31,

    

Three Months Ended

March 31,

(US$ millions)                  2017                     2016     2018    2017    
  

Net Earnings (Loss)

    $431     $(379)    $                151   $            431  
 

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax

           
  

Foreign currency translation adjustment

  (Note 13)     (16)     (270)  (Note 14)    24   (16
  

Pension and other post-employment benefit plans

  (Notes 13, 17)     (1)       (Notes 14, 17)    (1  (1
  

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

      (17)     (270)      23   (17
  

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

     $414     $(649)     $174  $414 

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

6


Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet(unaudited)

 

 

(US$ millions)  

 

As at  

 

March 31,  

 

                    2017  

   

 

As at 

 

December 31, 

 

                    2016 

    

As at   

March 31,   

2018   

 

As at   

December 31,   
2017   

  

Assets

           
  

Current Assets

           
  

Cash and cash equivalents

    $523     $834     $433   $719  
  

Accounts receivable and accrued revenues

     619      663      731   774 
  

Risk management

  (Notes 18, 19)     43        (Notes 18, 19)    226   205 
  

Income tax receivable

      508      426       562   573 
     1,693      1,923      1,952   2,271 
 

Property, Plant and Equipment, at cost:

  (Note 8)        (Note 9)    
  

Natural gas and oil properties, based on full cost accounting

       

Oil and natural gas properties, based on full cost accounting

    
  

Proved properties

     40,242      39,610      40,508   40,228 
  

Unproved properties

     5,075      5,198      4,301   4,480 
  

Other

      2,186      2,194       2,241   2,302 
 

Property, plant and equipment

     47,503      47,002      47,050   47,010 
  

Less: Accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization

      (39,155)     (38,863)      (37,933  (38,056
  

Property, plant and equipment, net

  (Note 3)     8,348      8,139   (Note 3)    9,117   8,954 
  

Other Assets

     136      138      139   144 
  

Risk Management

  (Notes 18, 19)     108      16   (Notes 18, 19)    290   246 
  

Deferred Income Taxes

     1,626      1,658      1,021   1,043 
  

Goodwill

  (Note 3)     2,784      2,779   (Note 3)    2,591   2,609 
  (Note 3)    $14,695     $14,653   (Note 3)   $            15,110  $            15,267 
  

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

           
  

Current Liabilities

           
  

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

    $1,265     $1,303     $1,432  $1,415 
  

Income tax payable

     3           3   7 
  

Risk management

  (Notes 18, 19)     51      254   (Notes 18, 19)    250   236 
     1,319      1,562      1,685   1,658 
 

Long-Term Debt

  (Note 9)     4,198      4,198   (Note 10)    4,198   4,197 
  

Other Liabilities and Provisions

  (Note 10)     2,012      2,047   (Note 11)    1,958   2,167 
  

Risk Management

  (Notes 18, 19)     9      35   (Notes 18, 19)    17   13 
  

Asset Retirement Obligation

  (Note 11)     600      654   (Note 12)    443   470 
  

Deferred Income Taxes

      32      31       33   34 
      8,170      8,527       8,334   8,539 
 

Commitments and Contingencies

  (Note 21)        (Note 21)    
  

Shareholders’ Equity

           
  

Share capital - authorized unlimited common shares

       
 

2017 issued and outstanding: 973.0 million shares (2016: 973.0 million shares)

  (Note 12)     4,756      4,756  

Share capital - authorized unlimited common shares

2018 issued and outstanding: 963.1 million shares (2017: 973.1 million shares)

 

(Note 13) 

   4,707   4,757 
  

Paid in surplus

     1,358      1,358      1,358   1,358 
  

Accumulated deficit

     (782)     (1,198)     (354  (429
  

Accumulated other comprehensive income

  (Note 13)     1,193      1,210   

(Note 14) 

   1,065   1,042 
  

Total Shareholders’ Equity

      6,525      6,126       6,776   6,728 
     $14,695     $14,653      $15,110  $15,267 

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity(unaudited)

 

 

Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 (US$ millions)Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 (US$ millions)   

Share

Capital

 

Paid in

Surplus

   

Accumulated

Deficit

 

Accumulated

Other

Comprehensive

Income

 

Total

Shareholders’

Equity

 

Balance, December 31, 2017

    $4,757 $1,358  $(429) $1,042 $6,728

Net Earnings (Loss)

     -   -    151  -   151

Dividends on Common Shares

   (Note 13   -   -    (15  -   (15

Common Shares Purchased under Normal Course Issuer Bid

   (Note 13   (50  -    (61  -   (111

Common Shares Issued Under Dividend Reinvestment Plan

   (Note 13   -   -    -   -   - 

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

   (Note 14   -   -    -   23  23

Balance, March 31, 2018

     $4,707 $1,358  $(354) $1,065 $6,776
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 (US$ millions)Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 (US$ millions) Share Capital   

Paid in

Surplus

   Accumulated
Deficit
   

Accumulated

Other
    Comprehensive
Income

   Total 
Shareholders’ 
Equity 
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 (US$ millions)   

Share

Capital

 

Paid in

Surplus

   

Accumulated

Deficit

 

Accumulated

Other

Comprehensive

Income

 

Total

Shareholders’

Equity

 

Balance, December 31, 2016

   $                4,756   $                1,358   $            (1,198)   $            1,210    $                6,126       $        4,756 $        1,358  $        (1,198)  $1,210 $6,126

Net Earnings (Loss)

    -    -    431     -      431        -   -    431   -  431

Dividends on Common Shares

   (Note 12)   -    -    (15)    -      (15)     (Note 13   -   -    (15)   -  (15

Common Shares Issued Under

           

Dividend Reinvestment Plan

   (Note 12)   -    -    -      -      -   

Common Shares Issued Under Dividend Reinvestment Plan

   (Note 13   -   -       -   - 

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

   (Note 13)   -    -    -      (17)    (17)     (Note 14   -   -      (17 (17

Balance, March 31, 2017

    $4,756   $1,358   $            (782)   $1,193    $6,525        $4,756 $1,358  $(782)  $1,193 $6,525
Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 (US$ millions) Share Capital   

Paid in

Surplus

   Accumulated
Deficit
   Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
   Total 
Shareholders’ 
Equity 
 

Balance, December 31, 2015

   $3,621   $1,358   $(202)   $1,390    $6,167   

Net Earnings (Loss)

    -    -    (379)    -      (379)  

Dividends on Common Shares

   (Note 12)   -    -    (13)    -      (13)  

Common Shares Issued Under

           

Dividend Reinvestment Plan

   (Note 12)   -    -    -      -      -   

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

   (Note 13)   -    -    -      (270)    (270)  

Balance, March 31, 2016

    $3,621   $1,358   $(594)   $1,120    $5,505   

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows(unaudited)

 

 

     

Three Months Ended

March 31,

      Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
(US$ millions)     2017      2016       2018  2017 
  

Operating Activities

           
  

Net earnings (loss)

   $                    431      $                    (379)    $                  151  $            431 
  

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

   187       261      275  187 
 

Impairments

   (Note 8)   -        912  
  

Accretion of asset retirement obligation

   (Note 11)  11       13     (Note 12)  8  11 
  

Deferred income taxes

   (Note 7)  42       (304)    (Note 7  6  42 
  

Unrealized (gain) loss on risk management

   (Note 19)  (362)      55     (Note 19  (68 (362
  

Unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss

   (Note 6)  (36)      (343)    (Note 6  150  (36
  

Foreign exchange on settlements

   (Note 6)  2       (32)    (Note 6  (50 2 
  

(Gain) loss on divestitures, net

   1       -       (3 1 
  

Other

   2       (81)     (69 2 
  

Net change in other assets and liabilities

   (12)      (4)     (11 (12
  

Net change innon-cash working capital

   (Note 20)  (160)      59     (Note 20  (8 (160
  

Cash From (Used in) Operating Activities

    106       157       381  106 
  

Investing Activities

           
  

Capital expenditures

   (Note 3)  (399)      (359)    (Note 3  (508 (399
  

Acquisitions

   (Note 4)  (46)      (1)    (Note 8  (2 (46
  

Proceeds from divestitures

   (Note 4)  3           (Note 8  19  3 
  

Net change in investments and other

    55       12       (25 55 
  

Cash From (Used in) Investing Activities

    (387)      (342)      (516 (387
  

Financing Activities

           
  

Net issuance (repayment) of revolving long-term debt

    -        555  
 

Repayment of long-term debt

   (Note 9)   -        (400) 

Purchase of common shares

   (Note 13  (111  - 
  

Dividends on common shares

   (Note 12)  (15)      (13)    (Note 13  (15 (15
  

Capital lease payments and other financing arrangements

   (Note 10)  (16)      (15)    (Note 11  (22 (16
  

Cash From (Used in) Financing Activities

    (31)      127       (148 (31
  

Foreign Exchange Gain (Loss) on Cash and Cash

      
 

Equivalents Held in Foreign Currency

    1        

Foreign Exchange Gain (Loss) on Cash and Cash Equivalents Held in Foreign Currency

     (3 1 
  

Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents

   (311)      (49)     (286 (311
  

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year

    834       271       719  834 
  

Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period

    $523      $222      $433  $523 
  

Cash, End of Period

   $45      $56     $39  $45 
  

Cash Equivalents, End of Period

    478       166       394  478 
  

Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period

    $523      $222      $433  $523 

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1.  Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

Encana is in the business of the exploration for, the development of, and the production and marketing of oil, NGLs and natural gas, oil and NGLs.gas.

The interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Encana and entities in which it holds a controlling interest. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated on consolidation. Undivided interests in oil and natural gas and oil exploration and production joint ventures and partnerships are consolidated on a proportionate basis. Investments innon-controlled entities over which Encana has the ability to exercise significant influence are accounted for using the equity method.

The interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP and the rules and regulations of the SEC. Pursuant to these rules and regulations, certain information and disclosures normally required under U.S. GAAP have been condensed or have been disclosed on an annual basis only. Accordingly, the interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the annual audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2016,2017, which are included in Item 8 of Encana’s 20162017 Annual Report on Form10-K.

The interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared following the same accounting policies and methods of computation as the annual audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, except as noted below in Note 2. The disclosures provided below are incremental to those included with the annual audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

These unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect, in the opinion of Management, all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position and results of the Company as at and for the periods presented. Interim condensed consolidated financial results are not necessarily indicative of consolidated financial results expected for the fiscal year.

 

2.  Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Changes in Accounting Policies and Practices

On January 1, 2018, Encana adopted the following ASUs issued by the FASB, which have not had a material impact on the Company’s interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements:

·

ASU2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” under Topic 606. The new standard replaces Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition” as well as other industry-specific guidance within the Accounting Standards Codification. Topic 606 is based on the principle that revenue is recognized on the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The standard has been applied using the modified retrospective approach and did not have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, other than enhancing disclosures related to the disaggregation of revenues from contracts with customers and performance obligations. The disclosures required under Topic 606 are included in Note 4, Revenues from Contracts with Customers.

·

ASU2017-07, “Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost”. The amendment requires the service cost component to be presented with the related employee compensation costs, while the other components of net benefit costs are required to be presented separately from the service cost component and outside the subtotal of income from operations. In addition, the amendment allows only the service cost to be eligible for capitalization. The amendment has been applied retrospectively for the presentation of net periodic pension costs and net periodic postretirement benefit cost, whereas prospective adoption has been applied to the capitalization of the service cost component.

New Standards Issued Not Yet Adopted

As of January 1, 2018, Encana will be required to adopt ASU2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” under Topic 606 and the related subsequent updates and clarifications issued, which will replace Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition”, and other industry-specific guidance in the Accounting Standards Codification. The new standard is based on the principle that revenue is recognized on the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU2015-14, “Deferral of Effective Date for Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, which deferred the effective date of ASU2014-09. Encana has substantially completed evaluating the impact of this standard and currently expects the standard will not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements other than enhanced disclosures related to the disaggregation of revenues from contracts with customers, the Company’s performance obligations and any significant judgments. Encana intends to adopt the new standard using the modified retrospective method at the date of adoption.

As of January 1, 2018, Encana will be required to adopt ASU2017-07, “Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost”. The amendment requires the service cost component to be presented with the related employee compensation costs, while the other components of net benefit costs are required to be presented separately from the service cost component and outside the subtotal of income from operations. In addition, the amendment allows only the service cost to be eligible for capitalization. The amendment will be applied retrospectively and provides certain practical expedients for the presentation of net periodic pension costs and net periodic postretirement benefit cost, while the capitalization of the service cost component will be applied prospectively, at the date of adoption. Encana does not expect the amendment to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

As of January 1, 2019, Encana will be required to adopt ASU2016-02, “Leases” under Topic 842, which replaceswill replace Topic 840 “Leases”. The new standard will require lessees to recognizeright-of-use assets and related lease liabilities for all leases, including leases classified as operating leases, on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The dual classification model requiring leases recognized to be classified as either finance or operating leases was retained for the purpose of subsequent measurement and presentation of leases in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The new standardTopic 842 also expands disclosures related to the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The standard will be applied using a modified retrospective approach, and provides forin addition Encana intends to elect certain practical expedients atwhich will allow the dateCompany to retain the classification of leases assessed under Topic 840 which commenced prior to adoption.

In January 2018, FASB issued ASU2018-01, “Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842”, which permits entities to elect an optional transition practical expedient for land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under Topic 840. The expedient provides prospective application of Topic 842 to all new or modified land easements upon adoption of the new standard. Encana intends to elect this transitional practical expedient.

Encana continues to review and analyze contracts, identify its portfolio of leased assets, gather the necessary terms and data elements, as well as identify the processes and controls required to support the accounting for leases and related disclosures. The Company is currently in the early stages of evaluatingimplementing a lease software system which will facilitate the standard, but expects that itmeasurement and required disclosures for operating leases. The Company anticipates the software implementation to be complete by the end of 2018. Although Encana is not able to reasonably estimate the financial impact of Topic 842 at this time, the Company anticipates there will havebe a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements resulting from the recognition of assets and liabilities from operating lease activities.

As of January 1, 2019, Encana will be required to adopt ASU2018-02 “Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income”. The amendments allow for a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“U.S. Tax Reform”). Amendments can be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period in which the effect of the rate change from the U.S. Tax Reform is recognized. While Encana has other post-employment benefit plans which were affected by the U.S. Tax Reform, the impact is not material to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. As a result, the Company does not intend to take the election provided in the amendment.

As of January 1, 2020, Encana will be required to adopt ASU2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment”. The amendment eliminates the second step of the goodwill impairment test which requiredrequires the Company to measure the impairment based on the excess amount of the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill over the implied fair value of its goodwill. Under this amendment, the goodwill impairment will be measured based on the excess amount of the reporting unit’s carrying value over its respective fair value. The amendment will be applied prospectively at the date of adoption. Encana is currently in the early stages of reviewing the amendment, but does not expect the amendment to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

3.  Segmented Information

Encana’s reportable segments are determined based on the Company’s operations and geographic locations as follows:

 

· 

Canadian Operations includes the exploration for, development of, and production of oil, NGLs and natural gas oil and NGLs and other related activities within the Canadian cost centre.

 

· 

USA Operations includes the exploration for, development of, and production of oil, NGLs and natural gas oil and NGLs and other related activities within the U.S. cost centre.

 

· 

Market Optimization is primarily responsible for the sale of the Company’s proprietary production. These results are reported in the Canadian and USA Operations. Market optimization activities include third party purchases and sales of product to provide operational flexibility and cost mitigation for transportation commitments, product type, delivery points and customer diversification. These activities are reflected in the Market Optimization segment. Market Optimization sells substantially all of the Company’s upstream production to third party customers. Transactions between segments are based on market values and are eliminated on consolidation.

Corporate and Other mainly includes unrealized gains or losses recorded on derivative financial instruments. Once the instruments are settled, the realized gains and losses are recorded in the reporting segment to which the derivative instruments relate. Corporate and Other also includes amounts related to sublease rentals.

Results of Operations (For the three months ended March 31)

Segment and Geographic Information

 

      Canadian Operations           USA Operations           Market Optimization                Canadian Operations               USA Operations          Market Optimization 
  2017    2016      2017    2016      2017    2016               2018             2017 (1)            2018           2017 (1)            2018           2017 (1)   
    

Revenues

                     
  

Product revenues

  $            297    $                224      $                441    $                295      $                -    $                -    
  

Product and service revenues

 $                404   $301  $                555  $447  $                301  $186 

Gains (losses) on risk management, net

   (21)    67       (3)    110           -      12    (21  (44 (3  -   - 
  

Market optimization

       -           -        186     87    
  

Other

       3           4           -    
  

Sublease revenues

  -    -   -   -   -   - 

Total Revenues

   280     294       444     409       186     87      416    280   511  444   301  186 
    

Operating Expenses

                     
  

Production, mineral and other taxes

       6       24     17           -      4    5   25  24   -   - 
  

Transportation and processing

   132     149       59     98       21     21      190    132   27  59   32  21 
  

Operating

   31     40       87     113           8      29    31   74  87   4  9 
  

Purchased product

       -           -       171     73      -    -   -   -   273  171 
  

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

   64     82       106     159           -      77    64   185  106   -   - 
  

Impairments

       267           645           -    
  

Total Operating Expenses

   232     544       276     1,032       201     102     300    232   311  276   309  201 
  

Operating Income (Loss)

  $                48    $                (250)     $                168    $                (623)     $                (15)   $                (15)   $116   $48  $200  $168  $(8 $(15
                   
            Corporate & Other   Consolidated  
            2017    2016      2017    2016                         Corporate & Other                  Consolidated 
          2018 2017 (1)  2018 2017 (1) 
 

Revenues

                    
 

Product revenues

      $   $-      $            738    $519    
 

Product and service revenues

    $-  $-  $1,260  $934 

Gains (losses) on risk management, net

       362     (54)      338     123         68  362   36  338 
 

Market optimization

           -       186     87    
 

Other

         25     17       35     24    
 

Sublease revenues

       17  17   17  17 

Total Revenues

         387     (37)      1,297     753           85  379   1,313  1,289 
  

Operating Expenses

                    
 

Production, mineral and other taxes

           -       29     23         -   -   29  29 
 

Transportation and processing

           1       212     269         -   -   249  212 
 

Operating

           5       132     166         4  5   111  132 
 

Purchased product

           -       171     73         -   -   273  171 
 

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

       17     20       187     261         13  17   275  187 
 

Impairments

           -           912    
 

Accretion of asset retirement obligation

       11     13       11     13         8  11   8  11 
 

Administrative

         58     79       58     79           31  58   31  58 
 

Total Operating Expenses

         91     118       800     1,796           56  91   976  800 
 

Operating Income (Loss)

        $296    $(155)      497                     (1,043)        $29  $288   337  489 
  

Other (Income) Expenses

                    
 

Interest

            88     103           92  88 
 

Foreign exchange (gain) loss, net

            (26)    (379)         91  (26
 

(Gain) loss on divestitures, net

                -           (3 1 
 

Other (gains) losses, net

                    (87)             (3 (8
 

Total Other (Income) Expenses

��               63     (363)             177  55 
 

Net Earnings (Loss) Before Income Tax

            434     (680)         160   434 
 

Income tax expense (recovery)

                    (301)             9  3 
 

Net Earnings (Loss)

               $                431    $            (379)            $151  $431 

(1)

Corporate interest income of $8 million previously reported in revenues and operating income (loss) in Q1 2017 has been reclassified to other (gains) losses, net. The remaining Q1 2017 revenues have been realigned to conform with the current year presentation.

Intersegment Information

 

 Market Optimization          Market Optimization 
 Marketing Sales  Upstream Eliminations  Total  Marketing Sales  Upstream Eliminations  Total 
For the three months ended March 31 2017  2016   2017  2016   2017    2016  
For the three months ended March 31, 2018 2017  2018 2017  2018 2017 
    

Revenues

 $                956   $                689   $                (770)  $                (602)  $                186    $                87   $              1,331  $956  $            (1,030 $(770 $                301  $186 
    

Operating Expenses

               

Transportation and processing

  64   80    (43)  (59)   21     21    106  64   (74 (43  32  21 

Operating

       -               4  9   -   -   4  9 

Purchased product

  898   615    (727)  (542)   171     73    1,229  898   (956 (727  273  171 

Operating Income (Loss)

 $                (15)  $                (14)  $                -    $                (1)  $(15)   $                (15)  $(8 $(15 $-  $-  $(8 $(15

Capital Expenditures

Capital Expenditures

 

Capital Expenditures

 
  

Three Months Ended

March 31,

           Three Months Ended        
March 31,
 
 2017    2016               2018  2017 
  

Canadian Operations

Canadian Operations

 

 $            88    $            63       $                168  $88 

USA Operations

USA Operations

 

  311     297        338   311 

Corporate & Other

Corporate & Other

 

      (1)           2   - 
         $508  $399 
  $            399    $                359  

Goodwill, Property, Plant and Equipment and Total Assets by Segment

Goodwill, Property, Plant and Equipment and Total Assets by Segment

 

Goodwill, Property, Plant and Equipment and Total Assets by Segment

 

 Goodwill      Property, Plant and Equipment      Total Assets  Goodwill  Property, Plant and Equipment  Total Assets 
 As at  As at  As at  As at  As at  As at 
 March 31, 
2017 
 December 31, 
2016 
  March 31, 
2017 
 December 31, 
2016 
  March 31, 
2017 
   December 31, 
2016 
  March 31,
2018
 December 31,
2017
  March 31,
2018
 December 31,
2017
  March 31,
2018
 December 31,
2017
 
    

Canadian Operations

 $655   $650   $657   $602   $1,624    $1,542   $                678  $696  $                920  $862  $              1,923  $              1,908 

USA Operations

  2,129   2,129    6,208   6,050    9,654     9,535    1,913  1,913   6,710  6,555   9,432  9,301 

Market Optimization

             72     105    -   -   1  2   151  152 

Corporate & Other

        1,482   1,485    3,345     3,471    -   -   1,486  1,535   3,604  3,906 
 $              2,784   $              2,779   $              8,348   $              8,139   $              14,695    $              14,653   $2,591  $2,609  $9,117  $8,954  $15,110  $15,267 

4. Acquisitions and Divestitures

 

  

Three Months Ended

March 31,

 
 2017    2016   
 

Acquisitions

 

    

Canadian Operations

 

 $                31    $                 -  

USA Operations

 

  15      

Total Acquisitions

 

  46      
 

Divestitures

 

    

Canadian Operations

 

  (3)     

USA Operations

 

      (6) 

Total Divestitures

 

  (3)    (6) 

Net Acquisitions & (Divestitures)

 

 $                43    $                (5) 

4.   Revenues from Contracts with Customers

AcquisitionsThe table below summarizes the Company’s revenues from contracts with customers and other sources of revenues. Encana presents realized and unrealized gains and losses on certain derivative contracts within revenues.

For

               Canadian Operations                USA Operations            Market Optimization 
For the three months ended March 31, 2018  2017  2018  2017  2018  2017 
  

Revenues from Customers

      

Product revenues(1)

      

Oil

 $                      3  $                      2  $                  473  $                  301  $                  22  $                37 

NGLs

  180   95   52   40   2   12 

Natural gas

  221   203   32   107   273   127 

Service revenues

      

Gathering and processing

  2   4   -   6   -   - 

Product and Service Revenues

  406   304   557   454   297   176 
  

Other Revenues

      

Gains (losses) on risk management, net(2)

  12   (21  (44  (3  -   - 

Sublease revenues

  -   -   -   -   -   - 

Other Revenues

  12   (21  (44  (3  -   - 

Total Revenues

 $418  $283  $513  $451  $297  $176 
      
                        Corporate & Other                  Consolidated 
           2018  2017(3)  2018  2017(3) 
 

Revenues from Customers

      

Product revenues(1)

      

Oil

   $-  $-  $498  $340 

NGLs

    -   -   234   147 

Natural gas

    -   -   526   437 

Service revenues

      

Gathering and processing

    -   -   2   10 

Product and Service Revenues

          -   -   1,260   934 
 

Other Revenues

      

Gains (losses) on risk management, net(2)

    68   362   36   338 

Sublease revenues

    17   17   17   17 

Other Revenues

          85   379   53   355 

Total Revenues

         $85  $379  $1,313  $1,289 

(1)

Includes revenues from production and revenues of product purchased from third parties, but excludes intercompany marketing fees transacted between the Company’s operating segments.

(2)

Canadian and USA Operations includes realized gains/(losses) on risk management. Corporate & Other includes unrealized gains/(losses) on risk management.

(3)

Corporate interest income of $8 million previously reported in revenues in Q1 2017 has been reclassified to other (gains) losses, net.

The Company’s revenues from contracts with customers consists of product sales including oil, NGLs and natural gas, as well as the three months endedprovision of gathering and processing services to third parties. Encana had no contract asset or liability balances during the periods presented. As at March 31, 2017, acquisitions2018, receivables and accrued revenues from contracts with customers were $658 million ($676 million as at December 31, 2017).

Performance obligations arising from product sales contracts are typically satisfied at a point in time when the Canadian Operationsproduct is delivered to the customer and USA Operations were $31 million and $15 million, respectively, which included land purchasescontrol is transferred. Payment from the customer is due when the product is delivered to the custody point. The Company’s product sales are sold under short-term contracts with oil and liquids rich potential.terms that are less than one year at either fixed or market index prices or under long-term contracts exceeding one year at market index prices.

Divestitures

For the three months endedAs at March 31, 2017, divestitures in2018, all remaining performance obligations are priced at market index prices or are variable volume delivery contracts. As such, the Canadian Operations were $3 million (2016 - $6 million invariable consideration is allocated entirely to the USA Operations),wholly unsatisfied performance obligation or promise to deliver units of production, and revenue is recognized at the amount for which primarily included the saleCompany has the right to invoice the product delivered.

Performance obligations arising from arrangements to gather and process natural gas on behalf of certain properties that did not complement Encana’s existing portfolio of assets.

Amounts received from divestiture transactions were deductedthird parties are typically satisfied over time as the service is provided to the customer. Payment from the respective Canadiancustomer is due when the customer receives

the benefit of the service and U.S. full cost pools.the product is delivered to the custody point or plant tailgate. The Company’s gathering and processing services are provided on an interruptible basis with transaction prices that are for fixed prices and/or variable consideration. Variable consideration received is related to recovery of plant operating costs or escalation of the fixed price based on a consumer price index. As the service contracts are interruptible, with service provided on an “as available” basis, there are no unsatisfied performance obligations remaining at March 31, 2018.

 

5.   Interest

 

   

Three Months Ended

March 31,

 
    2017     2016  
 

Interest Expense on:

     

Debt

  $                66     $                81  

The Bow office building

   16      15  

Capital leases

   5       

Other

   1       
   $            88     $                103  
    

6.       Foreign Exchange (Gain) Loss, Net

 

   

Three Months Ended

March 31,

 
    2017     2016   
 

Unrealized Foreign Exchange (Gain) Loss on:

     

Translation of U.S. dollar debt issued from Canada

  $                (33)    $                (336)  

Translation of U.S. dollar risk management contracts issued from Canada

   (4)     6   

Translation of intercompany notes

   1      (13)  
   (36)     (343)  

Foreign Exchange on Settlements of:

     

U.S. dollar debt issued from Canada

   -      (31)  

U.S. dollar risk management contracts issued from Canada

   (1)     -   

Intercompany notes

   2      (1)  

Other Monetary Revaluations

   9      (4)  
   $            (26)    $            (379)  
          Three Months Ended        
March 31,
 
   2018  2017 
 

Interest Expense on:

  

Debt

 $                    66  $                    66 

The Bow office building

  16   16 

Capital leases

  5   5 

Other

  5   1 
  $92  $88 

7.      Income Taxes6.   Foreign Exchange (Gain) Loss, Net

 

  

Three Months Ended

March 31,

 
   2017     2016   
 

Current Tax

    

Canada

 $                (42)    $1   

Other Countries

  3      2   

Total Current Tax Expense (Recovery)

  (39)     3   
 

Deferred Tax

    

Canada

  18      (96)  

United States

  15      (356)  

Other Countries

  9      148   

Total Deferred Tax Expense (Recovery)

  42      (304)  

Income Tax Expense (Recovery)

 $3     $                (301)  

Effective Tax Rate

  0.7%      44.3%   
          Three Months Ended        
March 31,
 
   2018  2017 
 

Unrealized Foreign Exchange (Gain) Loss on:

  

Translation of U.S. dollar financing debt issued from Canada

 $                  122  $                  (33

Translation of U.S. dollar risk management contracts issued from Canada

  9   (4

Translation of intercompany notes

  19   1 
  150   (36
 

Foreign Exchange on Settlements of:

  

U.S. dollar risk management contracts issued from Canada

  (7  (1

Intercompany notes

  (50  2 

Other Monetary Revaluations

  (2  9 
  $91  $(26

7.   Income Taxes

          Three Months Ended        
March 31,
 
   2018  2017 
 

Current Tax

  

Canada

 $                         -  $                    (42

United States

  1   - 

Other Countries

  2   3 

Total Current Tax Expense (Recovery)

  3   (39
 

Deferred Tax

  

Canada

  (3  18 

United States

  4   15 

Other Countries

  5   9 

Total Deferred Tax Expense (Recovery)

  6   42 

Income Tax Expense (Recovery)

 $9  $3 

Effective Tax Rate

  5.6%   0.7% 

Encana’s interim income tax expense is determined using an estimated annual effective income tax rate applied toyear-to-date net earnings before income tax plus the effect of legislative changes and amounts in respect of prior periods. The estimated annual effective income tax rate is impacted by expected annual earnings, income tax related to foreign operations, the effect of legislative changes including U.S. Tax Reform,non-taxable capital gains and losses, tax differences on divestitures and transactions, and partnership tax allocations in excess of funding.

During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the current income tax recovery was primarily due to the successful resolution of certain tax items previously assessed by the CRAtaxing authorities relating to prior taxation years. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the deferred tax recovery was primarily due to the ceiling test impairments recognized in the Canadian and USA Operations as disclosed in Note 8.

These items resulted in anThe effective tax raterates of 5.6 percent and 0.7 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, which isrespectively, are lower than the Canadian statutory rate of 27 percent. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2016 exceeded the Canadian statutory tax rate of 27 percent primarily due to the impact of the foreign jurisdictional tax rates relative to the Canadian statutory tax rate applied to jurisdictional earnings.earnings as well as the items discussed above.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, there was no change to the provisional tax adjustment recognized in 2017 resulting from there-measurement of the Company’s tax position due to a reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate under U.S. Tax Reform. The provisional amount recognized may change due to additional regulatory guidance that may be issued, and from additional analysis or changes in interpretation and assumptions of the U.S. Tax Reform made by the Company.

8.  Acquisitions and Divestitures

  Three Months Ended 
  March 31, 
   2018   2017  
 

Acquisitions

   

Canadian Operations

 $                        2   $                        31  

USA Operations

     15  

Total Acquisitions

     46  
 

Divestitures

   

Canadian Operations

  (13)   (3) 

USA Operations

  (6)    

Total Divestitures

  (19)   (3) 

Net Acquisitions & (Divestitures)

 $(17)  $43  

Acquisitions

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, acquisitions in the Canadian and USA Operations were $2 million (2017 - $31 million) and nil (2017 - $15 million), respectively, which primarily included land purchases with oil and liquids rich potential.

Divestitures

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, divestitures in the Canadian and USA Operations were $13 million (2017 - $3 million) and $6 million (2017 - nil), respectively, which primarily included the sale of certain properties that did not complement Encana’s existing portfolio of assets.

Amounts received from the Company’s divestiture transactions have been deducted from the respective Canadian and U.S. full cost pools.

 9.  Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

 

  As at March 31, 2017   As at December 31, 2016 
  Accumulated   Accumulated 
   Cost   DD&A   Net    Cost   DD&A   Net  
 

Canadian Operations

            

Proved properties

 $            13,368   $(13,060)   $308    $            13,159   $            (12,896)   $263  

Unproved properties

  304        304     285        285  

Other

  45        45     54        54  
   13,717    (13,060)    657     13,498    (12,896)    602  
 

USA Operations

            

Proved properties

  26,813    (25,406)    1,407     26,393    (25,300)    1,093  

Unproved properties

  4,771        4,771     4,913        4,913  

Other

  30        30     44        44  
   31,614    (25,406)    6,208     31,350    (25,300)    6,050  
 

Market Optimization

  6    (5)        6    (4)     

Corporate & Other

  2,166    (684)    1,482     2,148    (663)    1,485  
  $            47,503   $            (39,155)   $            8,348    $            47,002   $            (38,863)   $            8,139  

  As at March 31, 2018  As at December 31, 2017 
     Accumulated        Accumulated    
   Cost  DD&A  Net    Cost  DD&A  Net   
 

Canadian Operations

       

Proved properties

 $            14,366  $(13,743 $623   $14,555  $(14,047 $508  

Unproved properties

  262                       -                   262                    311                   -                   311  

Other

  35   -   35    43   -   43  
   14,663   (13,743  920    14,909   (14,047  862  
 

USA Operations

       

Proved properties

  26,081   (23,426  2,655    25,610   (23,240  2,370  

Unproved properties

  4,039   -   4,039    4,169   -   4,169  

Other

  16   -   16    16   -   16  
   30,136   (23,426  6,710    29,795   (23,240  6,555  
 

Market Optimization

  7   (6     7   (5   

Corporate & Other

  2,244   (758  1,486    2,299   (764  1,535  
  $47,050  $(37,933 $9,117   $47,010  $(38,056 $8,954  

Canadian Operations and USA Operations property, plant and equipment include internal costs directly related to exploration, development and construction activities of $54$39 million, which have been capitalized during the three months ended March 31, 2017 (20162018 (2017 - $36$54 million). Included in Corporate and Other are $61 million ($5863 million as ofat December 31, 2016)2017) of international property costs, which have been fully impaired.

For the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company did not recognize ceiling test impairments in the Canadian cost centre (2016 - $267 million before tax) or in the U.S. cost centre (2016 - $645 million before tax). The impairments recognized in 2016 are included with accumulated DD&A in the table above and resulted primarily from the decline in the12-month average trailing prices which reduced proved reserves volumes and values.

The12-month average trailing prices used in the ceiling test calculations were based on the benchmark prices below. The benchmark prices were adjusted for basis differentials to determine local reference prices, transportation costs and tariffs, heat content and quality.

   

 

Natural Gas

 Oil & NGLs
           Henry Hub  AECO  WTI 

 

Edmonton 

     Condensate (2) 

            ($/MMBtu)           (C$/MMBtu)                   ($/bbl) (C$/bbl) 
 

12-Month Average Trailing Reserves Pricing(1)

      

March 31, 2017

   2.74   2.38   47.61  61.24  

December 31, 2016

   2.49   2.17   42.75  55.39  

March 31, 2016

   2.39   2.47   46.26  59.54  
(1)All prices were held constant in all future years when estimating net revenues and reserves.
(2)Edmonton Condensate benchmark price has replaced the previously disclosed Edmonton Light Sweet benchmark price.

Capital Lease Arrangements

The Company has several lease arrangements that are accounted for as capital leases including an office building and an offshore production platform.

As at March 31, 2017,2018, the total carrying value of assets under capital lease was $50$45 million ($5146 million as at December 31, 2016)2017), net of accumulated amortization of $652$672 million ($648684 million as at December 31, 2016)2017). Liabilities for the capital lease arrangements are included in other liabilities and provisions in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet and are disclosed in Note 10.11.

Other Arrangement

As at March 31, 2017,2018, Corporate and Other property, plant and equipment and total assets include a carrying value of $1,198$1,216 million ($1,1941,255 million as at December 31, 2016)2017) related to The Bow office building, which is under a25-year lease agreement. The Bow asset is being depreciated over the60-year estimated life of the building. At the conclusion of the25-year term, in 2037, the remaining asset and corresponding liability are expected to be derecognized as disclosed in Note 10.11.

9.10.   Long-Term Debt

 

  

 

As at    

 As at  
  March 31,     December 31,  
   2017     2016  
 

U.S. Dollar Denominated Debt

  

U.S. Unsecured Notes

  

6.50% due May 15, 2019

 $                   500     $                   500  

3.90% due November 15, 2021

 600     600  

8.125% due September 15, 2030

 300     300  

7.20% due November 1, 2031

 350     350  

7.375% due November 1, 2031

 500     500  

6.50% due August 15, 2034

 750     750  

6.625% due August 15, 2037(1)

 462     462  

6.50% due February 1, 2038(1)

 505     505  

5.15% due November 15, 2041(1)

 244     244  

Total Principal

 4,211     4,211  
 

Increase in Value of Debt Acquired

 26     26  

Unamortized Debt Discounts and Issuance Costs

 (39)    (39) 

Current Portion of Long-Term Debt

 -     -  
  $                4,198     $                4,198  
(1)Notes accepted for purchase in the March 2016 Tender Offers.
  

 

As at  

  

 

As at  

 
  March 31,    December 31,   
   2018    2017   
 

U.S. Dollar Denominated Debt

   

U.S. Unsecured Notes:

   

6.50% due May 15, 2019

 $                  500   $                  500  

3.90% due November 15, 2021

  600    600  

8.125% due September 15, 2030

  300    300  

7.20% due November 1, 2031

  350    350  

7.375% due November 1, 2031

  500    500  

6.50% due August 15, 2034

  750    750  

6.625% due August 15, 2037

  462    462  

6.50% due February 1, 2038

  505    505  

5.15% due November 15, 2041

  244    244  

Total Principal

  4,211    4,211  
 

Increase in Value of Debt Acquired

  25    26  

Unamortized Debt Discounts and Issuance Costs

  (38)   (40) 

Current Portion of Long-Term Debt

      
  $4,198   $4,197  

As at March 31, 2017,2018, total long-term debt had a carrying value of $4,198 million and a fair value of $4,722$4,909 million (as at December 31, 20162017 - carrying value of $4,198$4,197 million and a fair value of $4,553$5,042 million). The estimated fair value of long-term borrowings is categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and has been determined based on market information of long-term debt with similar terms and maturity, or by discounting future payments of interest and principal at interest rates expected to be available to the Company at period end.

On March 16, 2016, Encana announced tender offers (collectively, the “Tender Offers”) for certain of the Company’s outstanding senior notes (collectively, the “Notes”). The Tender Offers were for an aggregate purchase price of $250 million, excluding accrued and unpaid interest. The consideration for each $1,000 principal amount of Notes validly tendered and accepted for purchase included an early tender premium of $30 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes accepted for purchase, provided the Notes were validly tendered at or prior to the early tender date of March 29, 2016. All Notes validly tendered and accepted for purchase also received accrued and unpaid interest up to the settlement date.

On March 30, 2016, Encana announced an increase in the aggregate purchase price of the Tender Offers to $400 million, excluding accrued and unpaid interest, and accepted for purchase: i) $156 million aggregate principal amount of 5.15 percent notes due 2041; ii) $295 million aggregate principal amount of 6.50 percent notes due 2038; and iii) $38 million aggregate principal amount of 6.625 percent notes due 2037. The Company paid an aggregate amount of $406 million, including accrued and unpaid interest of $6 million and an early tender premium of $14 million, for Notes accepted for purchase. The Company used cash on hand and borrowings under its revolving credit facility to fund the Tender Offers.

Encana also recognized a gain on the early debt retirement of $103 million, before tax, representing the difference between the carrying amount of the Notes accepted for purchase and the consideration paid. The gain on the early debt retirement net of the early tender premium totals $89 million, which is included in other (gains) losses in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings.

10.11.   Other Liabilities and Provisions

 

 

 

As at   

 As at   

 

As at  

  

 

As at  

 
 March 31,    December 31,   March 31,    December 31,   
 2017    2016   2018    2017   
  

The Bow Office Building

 $                1,274    $                1,266   $                1,304   $                1,344  

Capital Lease Obligations

 291    304    275   295  

Unrecognized Tax Benefits

 205    193    197   202  

Pensions and Other Post-Employment Benefits

 120    124    116   116  

Long-Term Incentive Costs (See Note 16)

 83    120    32   175  

Other Derivative Contracts (See Notes 18, 19)

 12    14    13   14  

Other

 27    26    21   21  
 $                2,012    $                2,047   $1,958   $2,167  

The Bow Office Building

As described in Note 8,9, Encana has recognized the accumulated costs for The Bow office building, which is under a25-year lease agreement. At the conclusion of the lease term, the remaining asset and corresponding liability are expected to be derecognized. Encana has also subleased approximately 50 percent of The Bow office space under the lease agreement. The total expected future principal and interest payments related to the25-year lease agreement and the total undiscounted future amounts expected to be recovered from the sublease are outlined below.

 

    2017  2018  2019  2020  2021  Thereafter  Total 
Expected Future Lease Payments  $                 53  $                 72  $                 72  $                 73  $                 73  $            1,293  $            1,636 
Less: Amounts Representing Interest   46   61   60   60   59   813   1,099 

Present Value of Expected Future Lease Payments

  $7  $11  $12  $13  $14  $480  $537 
Sublease Recoveries (undiscounted)  $(26 $(35 $(35 $(36 $(36 $(636 $(804

Capital Lease Obligations

As described in Note 8, the Company has several lease arrangements that are accounted for as capital leases including an office building and the Deep Panuke offshore Production Field Centre (“PFC”). Variable interests related to the PFC are described in Note 14.

The total expected future lease payments related to the Company’s capital lease obligations are outlined below.

    2018  2019  2020  2021  2022  Thereafter  Total 

Expected Future Lease Payments

  $            55  $            75  $            75  $            76  $            76  $        1,260  $        1,617 

Less: Amounts Representing Interest

   47   63   61   61   60   781   1,073 

Present Value of Expected Future Lease Payments

  $8  $12  $14  $15  $16  $479  $544 

Sublease Recoveries (undiscounted)

  $(27 $(37 $(37 $(37 $(38 $(619 $(795

 

Capital Lease Obligations

 

 

As described in Note 9, the Company has several lease arrangements that are accounted for as capital leases including an office building and the Deep Panuke offshore Production Field Centre (“PFC”). Variable interests related to the PFC are described in Note 15.

 

 

The total expected future lease payments related to the Company’s capital lease obligations are outlined below.

 

 

    2018  2019  2020  2021  2022  Thereafter  Total 

Expected Future Lease Payments

  $            75  $            99  $            99  $            87  $              8  $            38  $        406 

Less: Amounts Representing Interest

   15   15   10   4   2   5   51 

Present Value of Expected Future Lease Payments

  $60  $84  $89  $83  $6  $33  $355 

 

    2017  2018  2019  2020  2021  Thereafter  Total 

Expected Future Lease Payments

  $                 74  $                 99  $                 99  $                 99  $                 87  $                 46  $                504 

Less: Amounts Representing Interest

   29   36   32   28   21   7   153 

Present Value of Expected Future
Lease Payments

  $45   $63   $67   $71   $66   $39   $351  

12.   Asset Retirement Obligation

   

As at

March 31,
2018

  

As at
December 31,

2017

 
 

Asset Retirement Obligation, Beginning of Year

 $            514  $            687 

Liabilities Incurred and Acquired

  5   11 

Liabilities Settled and Divested

  (4  (333

Change in Estimated Future Cash Outflows

  -   88 

Accretion Expense

  8   37 

Foreign Currency Translation

  (11  24 

Asset Retirement Obligation, End of Period

 $512  $514 
 

Current Portion

 $69  $44 

Long-Term Portion

  443   470 
  $512  $514 

11.    Asset Retirement Obligation

   

 

As at   
March 31,   
2017   

  As at 
     December 31, 
2016 
 
 

Asset Retirement Obligation, Beginning of Year

 $                  687     $814  

Liabilities Incurred and Acquired

  3      18  

Liabilities Settled and Divested

  (66)     (107) 

Change in Estimated Future Cash Outflows

  -      (99) 

Accretion Expense

  11      51  

Foreign Currency Translation

  3      10  

Asset Retirement Obligation, End of Period

 $638     $687  
 

Current Portion

 $38     $33  

Long-Term Portion

  600      654  
  $638     $687  

12.13.   Share Capital

Authorized

The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of no par value common shares and Class A Preferred Shares limited to a number equal to not more than 20 percent of the issued and outstanding number of common shares at the time of issuance. No Class A Preferred Shares are outstanding.

Issued and Outstanding

 

 

 

As at

March 31, 2017

  

As at   

December 31, 2016   

   As at March 31, 2018  As at December 31, 2017 
 Number
        (millions)
 Amount    Number
       (millions)
 Amount     Number
(millions)
 Amount  Number
(millions)
   Amount 
  

Common Shares Outstanding, Beginning of Year

  973.0  $                4,756     849.8  $                3,621      973.1  $            4,757   973.0   $                4,756 

Common Shares Issued

  -   -     123.1  1,134   

Common Shares Purchased

   (10.0  (50  -    - 

Common Shares Issued Under Dividend Reinvestment Plan

  -   -     0.1  1      -   -   0.1    1 

Common Shares Outstanding, End of Period

  973.0  $4,756     973.0  $4,756      963.1  $4,707   973.1   $    4,757 

During the three months ended March 31, 2017,2018, Encana issued 13,71723,023 common shares totaling $0.2$0.3 million under the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan (“DRIP”). During the twelve months ended December 31, 2016,2017, Encana issued 121,24958,480 common shares totaling $1$0.6 million under the DRIP.

Dividends

During the three months ended March 31, 2017,2018, Encana paid dividends of $0.015 per common share totaling $15 million (2016(2017 - $0.015 per common share totaling $13$15 million). For the three months ended March 31, 2017,2018, the dividends paid included $0.2$0.3 million in common shares issued in lieu of cash dividends under the DRIP (2016(2017 - $0.3$0.2 million).

On May 1, 2017,April 30, 2018, the Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.015 per common share payable on June 30, 201729, 2018 to common shareholders of record as of June 15, 2017.2018.

Normal Course Issuer Bid

On February 26, 2018, the Company announced it received approval from the TSX to purchase, for cancellation, up to 35 million common shares pursuant to a normal course issuer bid (“NCIB”) over a12-month period from February 28, 2018 to February 27, 2019. The Company has authorization from its Board to spend up to $400 million on the NCIB.

All purchases are made in accordance with the NCIB at prevailing market prices plus brokerage fees, with consideration allocated to share capital up to the average carrying amount of the shares, and any excess is allocated to retained earnings/accumulated deficit.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company purchased 10 million common shares for total consideration of approximately $111 million. Of the amount paid, $50 million was charged to share capital and $61 million was charged to accumulated deficit.

Earnings Per Common Share

The following table presents the computation of net earnings (loss) per common share:

 

 

Three Months Ended

March 31,

   Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
(US$ millions, except per share amounts) 

 

2017

  2016   2018   2017 
  

Net Earnings (Loss)

 $                431  $                (379  $            151   $            431 
  

Number of Common Shares:

       

Weighted average common shares outstanding - Basic

  973.0   849.9    971.5    973.0 

Effect of dilutive securities

  -   -    -    - 

Weighted average common shares outstanding - Diluted

  973.0  849.9    971.5    973.0 
  

Net Earnings (Loss) per Common Share

   

Basic & Diluted

 $0.44  $(0.45

Net Earnings (Loss) per Common Share Basic & Diluted

  $0.16   $0.44 

Encana Stock Option Plan

Encana has share-based compensation plans that allow employees to purchase common shares of the Company. Option exercise prices are not less than the market value of the common shares on the date the options are granted. All options outstanding as at March 31, 20172018 have associated Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights (“TSARs”) attached. In lieu of exercising the option, the associated TSARs give the option holder the right to receive a cash payment equal to the excess of the market price of Encana’s common shares at the time of the exercise over the original grant price.

In addition, certain stock options granted are performance-based whereby vesting is also subject to Encana attaining prescribed performance relative to predetermined key measures. Historically, most holders of options with TSARs have elected to exercise their stock options as a Stock Appreciation Right (“SAR”) in exchange for a cash payment. As a result, outstanding TSARs are not considered potentially dilutive securities.

Encana Restricted Share Units (“RSUs”)

Encana has a share-based compensation plan whereby eligible employees and Directors are granted RSUs. An RSU is a conditional grant to receive the equivalent of an Encana common share or the cash equivalent, as determined by Encana, upon vesting of the RSUs and in accordance with the terms of the RSU Plan and Grant Agreement. The Company intends to settlecurrently settles vested RSUs in cash on the vesting date.cash. As a result, RSUs are not considered potentially dilutive securities.

14.   Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

   Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
    2018  2017 
 

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment

    

Balance, Beginning of Year

  $            1,029  $            1,200 

Change in Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment

   24   (16

Balance, End of Period

  $1,053  $1,184 
 

Pension and Other Post-Employment Benefit Plans

    

Balance, Beginning of Year

  $13  $10 

Reclassification of Net Actuarial (Gains) and Losses to Net Earnings (See Note 17)

   (1  (1

Income Taxes

   -   - 

Balance, End of Period

  $12  $9 

Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

  $1,065  $1,193 

 

13.    Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

  

Three Months Ended

March 31,

 
   

 

2017

  2016 
 

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment

   
 

Balance, Beginning of Year

 $              1,200  $              1,383 
 

Change in Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment

  (16  (270
 

Balance, End of Period

 $1,184  $1,113 
 

Pension and Other Post-Employment Benefit Plans

   
 

Balance, Beginning of Year

 $10  $7 
 

Reclassification of Net Actuarial (Gains) and Losses to Net Earnings (See Note 17)

  (1  - 
 

Income Taxes

  -   - 
 

Balance, End of Period

 $9  $7 

Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

 $1,193  $1,120 

14.15.   Variable Interest Entities

Production Field Centre

In 2008, Encana entered into a contract for the design, construction and operation of the PFC at its Deep Panuke facility. Upon commencement of operations in December 2013, Encana recognized the PFC as a capital lease asset. Under the lease contract, Encana has a purchase option and the option to extend the lease for 12one-year terms at fixed prices after the initial lease term expires in 2021.

As a result of the purchase option and fixed price renewal options, Encana has determined it holds variable interests and that the related leasing entity qualifies as a variable interest entity (“VIE”). Encana is not the primary beneficiary of the VIE as the Company does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. Encana is not required to provide any financial support or guarantees to the leasing entity or its affiliates, other than the contractual payments under the lease and operating agreements. Encana’s maximum exposure is the expected lease payments over the initial contract term. As at March 31, 2017,2018, Encana had a capital lease obligation of $288$296 million ($299314 million as at December 31, 2016)2017) related to the PFC.

Veresen Midstream Limited Partnership

Veresen Midstream Limited Partnership (“VMLP”) provides gathering, compression and processing services under various agreements related to the Company’s development of liquids and natural gas and liquids production in the Montney play. As at March 31, 2017,2018, VMLP provides approximately 6231,110 MMcf/d of natural gas gathering and compression and 295600 MMcf/d of natural gas processing under long-term service agreements with remaining terms ranging from up to 1513 to 2827 years and have various renewal terms providing up to a potential maximum of 10 years.

Encana has determined that VMLP is a VIE and that Encana holds variable interests in VMLP. Encana is not the primary beneficiary as the Company does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact VMLP’s economic performance. These key activities relate to the construction, operation, maintenance and marketing of the assets owned by VMLP. The variable interests arise from certain terms under the various long-term service agreements and include: i) a take or pay for volumes in certain agreements; ii) an operating fee of which a portion can be converted into a fixed fee once VMLP assumes operatorship of certain assets; and iii) a potential payout of minimum costs in certain agreements. The potential payout of minimum costs will be assessed in the eighth year of the assets’ service period and is based on whether there is an overall shortfall of total system cash flows from natural gas gathered and compressed under certain agreements. The potential payout amount can be reduced in the event VMLP markets unutilized capacity to third party users. Encana is not required to provide any financial support or guarantees to VMLP.

As a result of Encana’s involvement with VMLP, the maximum total exposure, which represents the potential exposure to Encana in the event the assets under the agreements are deemed worthless, is estimated to be $1,787$2,390 million as at March 31, 2017.2018. The estimate comprises the take or pay volume commitments and the potential payout of minimum costs. The take or pay volume commitments associated with certain gathering and processing assets are included in Note 21 under Transportation and Processing. The potential payout requirement is highly uncertain as the amount is contingent on future production estimates, pace of development and the amount of capacity contracted to third parties. As at March 31, 2017,2018, there were no accounts payable and accrued liabilities outstanding related to the take or pay commitment.

15.    Restructuring Charges

In February 2016, Encana announced workforce reductions to better align staffing levels and the organizational structure with the Company’s reduced capital spending program. During 2016, Encana incurred total restructuring charges of $34 million, before tax, primarily related to severance costs, of which $1 million remains accrued as at March 31, 2017 and is expected to be paid in 2017.

Restructuring charges are included in administrative expense presented in the Corporate & Other segment in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings.

   

 

As at  
March 31,  
2017
  

  As at  
    December 31,  
2016  
 

 

Outstanding Restructuring Accrual, Beginning of Year

 $                    7    $                13   

Current Period Restructuring Expenses Incurred

  -     34   

Restructuring Costs Paid

  (6)    (40)  

Outstanding Restructuring Accrual, End of Period

 $1    $7   

 

16.   Compensation Plans

Encana has a number of compensation arrangements under which the Company awards various types of long-term incentive grants to eligible employees.employees and Directors. They may include TSARs, Performance TSARs, SARs, Performance Share Units (“PSUs”), Deferred Share Units (“DSUs”) and RSUs. These compensation arrangements are share-based.

Encana accounts for TSARs, Performance TSARs, SARs, PSUs and RSUs held by employees as cash-settled share-based payment transactions and, accordingly, accrues compensation costs over the vesting period based on the fair value of the rights determined using the Black-Scholes-Merton and other fair value models.

The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine the fair value of the share units held by employees:

 

 

 

As at March 31, 2017

  As at March 31, 2016   

 

As at March 31, 2018

   

 

As at March 31, 2017

 
 US$ Share Units   C$ Share Units     US$ Share Units   C$ Share Units    

US$ Share

Units

   

C$ Share

Units

   

US$ Share

Units

   

C$ Share

Units

 
  

Risk Free Interest Rate

  0.74%    0.74%     0.53%   0.53%      1.79%    1.79%    0.74%    0.74% 

Dividend Yield

  0.51%    0.51%     0.99%   1.04%      0.55%    0.54%    0.51%    0.51% 

Expected Volatility Rate(1)

  58.12%    54.02%     50.71%   47.62%      58.46%    54.78%    58.12%    54.02% 

Expected Term

  1.9 yrs    1.9 yrs     1.8 yrs   2.1 yrs      2.0 yrs    2.1 yrs    1.9 yrs    1.9 yrs 

Market Share Price

  US$11.71    C$15.58    US$6.09   C$7.92              US$11.00            C$14.17            US$11.71            C$15.58 
(1)

Volatility was estimated using historical rates.

The Company has recognized the following share-based compensation costs:

 

 Three Months Ended        
March 31,
  

Three Months Ended

March 31,

 
 2017    2016    2018  2017 
  

Total Compensation Costs of Transactions Classified as Cash-Settled

 $                    34    $                      8    $                (27 $                34 

Less: Total Share-Based Compensation Costs Capitalized

  (11)   (1)    9  (11

Total Share-Based Compensation Expense

 $23    $7   

Total Share-Based Compensation Expense (Recovery)

 $(18 $23 
  

Recognized on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings in:

      

Operating expense

 $8    $2   

Administrative expense

  15    5   

Operating

 $(6 $8 

Administrative

  (12 15 
 $23    $7    $(18 $23 

As at March 31, 2017,2018, the liability for share-based payment transactions totaled $196$217 million ($208327 million as at December 31, 2016)2017), of which $113$185 million ($88152 million as at December 31, 2016)2017) is recognized in accounts payable and accrued liabilities and $83$32 million ($120175 million as at December 31, 2016)2017) is recognized in other liabilities and provisions in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

 

 

 

As at  
March 31,  
2017  

  As at  
   December 31,  
2016  
  As at 
March 31, 
2018 
  

As at

December 31,
2017

 
  

Liability for Cash-Settled Share-Based Payment Transactions:

      

Unvested

 $                143    $                171    $        167   $        274 

Vested

  53    37    50   53 
 $196    $208    $217   $327 

The following units were granted primarily in conjunction with the Company’s February annual long-term incentive award. The TSARs, SARs, PSUs and SARsRSUs were granted at the volume-weighted average trading price of Encana’s common shares for the five days prior to the grant date.

 

Three Months Ended March 31, 20172018 (thousands of units)     

TSARs

   847  872 

SARs

   349  359 

PSUs

   1,945  2,503 

DSUs

   130  31 

RSUs

   4,656  5,238 

 

17.   

Pension and Other Post-Employment Benefits

The Company has recognized total benefit plans expense which includes pension benefits and other post-employment benefits (“OPEB”) for the three months ended March 31 as follows:

 

 Pension Benefits  

 

OPEB

  Total           Pension Benefits           OPEB   Total 
 2017   2016    2017   2016    2017   2016     2018   2017   2018   2017   2018   2017 
    

Net Defined Periodic Benefit Cost

 $-    $-    $2    $3    $2    $3     $            -   $            -   $            2   $            2   $            2   $            2 

Defined Contribution Plan Expense

  6    7     -     -     6    7      6    6    -    -    6    6 

Total Benefit Plans Expense

 $                 6    $                 7    $                 2    $                 3    $                 8    $                10     $6   $6   $2   $2   $8   $8 

Of the total benefit plans expense, $6 million (2016(2017 - $8$6 million) was included in operating expense and $2 million (2016(2017 - $2 million) was included in administrative expense.

The net defined periodic benefit cost for the three months ended March 31 areis as follows:

 

 Defined Benefits  

 

OPEB

  Total  Defined Benefits  OPEB  Total 
 2017   2016    2017   2016    2017   2016    2018  2017   2018  2017   2018  2017  
    

Current Service Cost

 $-    $1    $2    $2    $2    $3   

Service Cost

 $              -   $                -   $                2   $                2   $                2   $                2  

Interest Cost

  2    2     1    1     3    3                  

Expected Return on Plan Assets

  (2)    (3)    -     -     (2)    (3)    (2)  (2)         (2)  (2) 

Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income:

                

Amortization of net actuarial (gains) and losses(1)

  -     -     (1)    -     (1)    -           (1)  (1)   (1)  (1) 

Total Net Defined Periodic Benefit Cost(1)

 $                 -     $                 -    $                 2    $                 3    $                 2    $                  3    $  $  $  $  $  $ 
(1)Included

The components of total net defined periodic benefit cost, excluding the service cost component, are included in operating expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings.other (gains) losses, net.

18.   Fair Value Measurements

The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accrued revenues, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their carrying amounts due to the short-term maturity of those instruments.

Recurring fair value measurements are performed for risk management assets and liabilities and other derivative contracts, as discussed further in Note 19. These items are carried at fair value in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet and are classified within the three levels of the fair value hierarchy in the following tables. There have been no significant transfers between the hierarchy levels during the period.

Fair value changes and settlements for amounts related to risk management assets and liabilities are recognized in revenues, transportation and processing expense, and foreign exchange gains and losses according to their purpose.

 

As at March 31, 2017 

Level 1

Quoted

Prices in

Active

Markets

   

Level 2

Other
Observable
Inputs

   Level 3
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
      Total Fair
Value
   Netting (1)  Carrying  
Amount  
 
As at March 31, 2018 Level 1
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets
 

Level 2

Other
Observable
Inputs

 Level 3 
Significant 
Unobservable 
Inputs 
  Total Fair
Value
 Netting (1)  Carrying 
Amount 
 
    

Risk Management Assets

                  

Commodity Derivatives:

                  

Current assets

  $                    -   $                  77   $                       7   $               84    $                (42 $              42    $            -  $            267  $            -   $            267  $(53 $            214  

Long-term assets

  -    121    -    121    (13  108     -   298      298   (8  290  

Foreign Currency Derivatives:

                  

Current assets

  -    1    -    1    -   1     -   12      12                   -   12  
    

Risk Management Liabilities

                  

Commodity Derivatives:

                  

Current liabilities

  $1   $90   $2   $93   $(42 $51    $-  $241  $62   $303  $(53 $250  

Long-term liabilities

  -    22    -    22    (13  9     -   25      25   (8  17  
    

Other Derivative Contracts

                  

Current in accounts payable and accrued liabilities

  $-   $5   $-   $5   $-  $5    $-  $5  $  $5  $-  $ 

Long-term in other liabilities and provisions

  -    12    -    12    -   12     -   13      13   -   13  
          
As at December 31, 2016 

Level 1

Quoted

Prices in

Active

Markets

   

Level 2

Other

Observable

Inputs

   

Level 3

Significant

Unobservable

Inputs

   

Total Fair

Value

   Netting (1)  

Carrying  

Amount  

 
  

Risk Management Assets

          

Commodity Derivatives:

          

Current assets

  $                    -   $                  11   $                    -   $             11   $                 (11 $                 -   

Long-term assets

  -    19    -    19    (3  16   
  

Risk Management Liabilities

          

Commodity Derivatives:

          

Current liabilities

  $-   $228   $36   $264   $(11 $253   

Long-term liabilities

  -    38    -    38    (3  35   

Foreign Currency Derivatives:

          

Current liabilities

  -    1    -    1    -   1   
  

Other Derivative Contracts

          

Current in accounts payable and accrued liabilities

  $-   $5   $-   $5   $-  $5   

Long-term in other liabilities and provisions

  -    14    -    14    -   14   
(1)

Netting to offset derivative assets and liabilities where the legal right and intention to offset exists, or where counterparty master netting arrangements contain provisions for net settlement.

As at December 31, 2017 Level 1
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets
  

Level 2

Other
Observable
Inputs

  Level 3 
Significant 
Unobservable 
Inputs 
  Total Fair
Value
  Netting (1)  Carrying 
Amount 
 
  

Risk Management Assets

        

Commodity Derivatives:

        

Current assets

 $                -  $                189  $                -   $                189  $(15 $                174  

Long-term assets

  -   248      248   (2  246  

Foreign Currency Derivatives:

        

Current assets

  -   31      31                   -   31  
  

Risk Management Liabilities

        

Commodity Derivatives:

        

Current liabilities

 $3  $196  $51   $250  $(15 $235  

Long-term liabilities

  -   15      15   (2  13  

Foreign Currency Derivatives:

        

Current liabilities

  -   1      1   -    
  

Other Derivative Contracts

        

Current in accounts payable and accrued liabilities

 $-  $5  $  $5  $-  $ 

Long-term in other liabilities and provisions

  -   14      14   -   14  
(1)

Netting to offset derivative assets and liabilities where the legal right and intention to offset exists, or where counterparty master netting arrangements contain provisions for net settlement.

The Company’s Level 1 and Level 2 risk management assets and liabilities consist of commodity fixed price contracts, NYMEXthree-way options, NYMEX costless collars,fixed price swaptions, NYMEX call options, foreign currency swaps and basis swaps with terms to 2022.2023. Level 2 also includes financial guarantee contracts as discussed in Note 19. The fair values of these contracts are based on a market approach and are estimated using inputs which are either directly or indirectly observable at the reporting date, such as exchange and other published prices, broker quotes and observable trading activity.

Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

As at March 31, 2017,2018, the Company’s Level 3 risk management assets and liabilities consist of WTIthree-way options and WTI costless collars with terms to 2017.2018. The WTIthree-way options are a combination of a sold call, bought put and a sold put. The WTI costless collars are a combination of a sold call and a bought put. These contracts allow the Company to participate in the upside of commodity prices to the ceiling of the call option and provide the Company with complete (collars) or partial(three-way) downside price protection through the put options. The fair values of the WTIthree-way options and WTI costless collars are based on the income approach and are modelled using observable and unobservable inputs such as implied volatility. The unobservable inputs are obtained from third parties whenever possible and reviewed by the Company for reasonableness.

A summary of changes in Level 3 fair value measurements for the three months ended March 31 is presented below:

 

        Risk Management
        Risk Management          2018   2017   
          2017  2016   
Balance, Beginning of Year     

 

$

 

(36

 

 $                    16       $                  (51)   $                  (36)  
Total Gains (Losses)      41  (4)       6    41   
Purchases, Sales, Issuances and Settlements:             

Purchases, sales and issuances

     -    -   

Settlements

      -  (2)       (17)   -   
Transfers Out of Level 3(1)        -  (10)          -    -   
Balance, End of Period       $5  $                       -          $(62)   $                     5   

Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Related to Assets and Liabilities Held at End of Period

       $                    40  $                     (3)         $(24)   $                   40   

(1) The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers out of Level 3 on the date of the event of change in circumstances that caused the transfer.

Quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements is presented below:

(1) The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers out of Level 3 on the date of the event of change in circumstances that caused the transfer.

(1) The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers out of Level 3 on the date of the event of change in circumstances that caused the transfer.

Quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements is presented below:

Quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements is presented below:

 
       As at   As at   
       March 31,           December 31,   
     Valuation Technique         Unobservable Input        2018   2017   
  Valuation Technique       Unobservable Input         

 

As at  

March 31,  

2017  

  As at  
December 31,  
2016  
 

Risk Management - WTI Options

   Option Model        Implied Volatility         

 

 

 

18% - 56%  

 

 

 18% - 64%       Option Model          Implied Volatility         24% - 83%   17% - 76%   

A 10 percent increase or decrease in implied volatility for the WTI options would cause a corresponding $1 million ($32 million as at December 31, 2016)2017) increase or decrease to net risk management assets and liabilities.

19.   Financial Instruments and Risk Management

A) Financial Instruments

Encana’s financial assets and liabilities are recognized in cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accrued revenues, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, risk management assets and liabilities, long-term debt and other liabilities and provisions and long-term debt.provisions.

B) Risk Management Activities

Encana uses derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to cash flow variability from commodity prices electricity costs and fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates. The Company does not apply hedge accounting to any of its derivative financial instruments. As a result, gains and losses from changes in the fair value are recognized in net earnings.

Commodity Price Risk

Commodity price risk arises from the effect that fluctuations in future commodity prices may have on future cash flows. To partially mitigate exposure to commodity price risk, the Company has entered into various derivative financial instruments. The use of these derivative instruments is governed under formal policies and is subject to limits established by the Board of Directors. The Company’s policy is to not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

Natural Gas - To partially mitigate natural gas commodity price risk, the Company uses NYMEX-based contracts such as fixed price contracts, options and costless collars. Encana also enters into basis swaps to manage against widening price differentials between various production areas and benchmark price points.

Crude Oil and NGLs - To partially mitigate crude oil and NGL commodity price risk, the Company usesWTI-based contracts such as fixed price contracts, fixed price swaptions, options and costless collars. Encana has also entersentered into basis swaps to manage against widening price differentials between various production areas and benchmark price points.

PowerNatural Gas - TheTo partially mitigate natural gas commodity price risk, the Company uses NYMEX-based contracts such as fixed price contracts, fixed price swaptions and options. Encana has also entered into Canadian dollar denominated derivative contractsbasis swaps to manage its electricity consumption costs.against widening price differentials between various production areas and benchmark price points.

Foreign Exchange Risk

Foreign exchange risk arises from changes in foreign currency exchange rates that may affect the fair value or future cash flows of the Company’s financial assets or liabilities. To partially mitigate the effect of foreign exchange fluctuations on future commodity revenues and expenses, the Company may enter into foreign currency derivative contracts. As at March 31, 2017,2018, Encana had $405has entered into $538 million notional U.S. dollar denominated currency swaps at an average exchange rate of US$0.75020.7606 to C$1. The notional contracts1, which mature monthly throughout 2017.through the remainder of 2018.

Risk Management Positions as at March 31, 20172018

 

   Notional Volumes        Term    Average Price        Fair Value 

Natural Gas Contracts

        

Fixed Price Contracts

        

NYMEX Fixed Price

   405 MMcf/d        2017    3.13 US$/Mcf       $(19

NYMEX Fixed Price

   300 MMcf/d        2018    3.06 US$/Mcf        2 

NYMEXThree-Way Options

   300 MMcf/d        2017      (26

Sold call price

       3.07 US$/Mcf       

Bought put price

       2.75 US$/Mcf       

Sold put price

       2.27 US$/Mcf       

NYMEX Costless Collars

   160 MMcf/d        2017      (1

Sold call price

       3.57 US$/Mcf       

Bought put price

       2.96 US$/Mcf       

NYMEX Call Options

        

Sold call price

   230 MMcf/d        2018    3.75 US$/Mcf        (14

Sold call price

   230 MMcf/d        2019    3.75 US$/Mcf        (13

Basis Contracts(1)

      2017 - 2022       93 

Natural Gas Fair Value Position

            22 
  Notional Volumes   Term   Average Price Fair Value 

Crude Oil and NGL Contracts

              US$/bbl 

Fixed Price Contracts

               

WTI Fixed Price

   36.0 Mbbls/d        2017    52.15 US$/bbl        5    94.3 Mbbls/d   2018   55.53 $(194

WTI Fixed Price

   31.3 Mbbls/d        2018    55.45 US$/bbl        40    15.0 Mbbls/d    2019   58.30  (2

Propane Fixed Price

   5.0 Mbbls/d        2017    27.95 US$/bbl        2 

Butane Fixed Price

   2.5 Mbbls/d        2017    36.12 US$/bbl        3 

WTI Fixed Price Swaptions(1)

   24.0 Mbbls/d    Q1 - Q2 2019   63.13  (16

WTIThree-Way Options

   25.0 Mbbls/d        2017      7        

Sold call price

       60.08 US$/bbl       

Bought put price

       49.46 US$/bbl       

Sold put price

       38.74 US$/bbl       

Sold call / bought put / sold put

   16.0 Mbbls/d    2018   54.49 / 47.17 / 36.88  (42

WTI Costless Collars

   20.1 Mbbls/d        Q3 - Q4 2017      (2       

Sold call price

                   56.05 US$/bbl       

Bought put price

       46.22 US$/bbl       

Sold call / bought put

   10.0 Mbbls/d    2018   57.08 / 45.00  (20

Basis Contracts(2)

      2017 - 2019       13       

 

2018 - 2020

 

 

 

     

 

26

 

 

 

Crude Oil and NGLs Fair Value Position

            68            (248

Natural Gas Contracts

      US$/Mcf 

Fixed Price Contracts

       

NYMEX Fixed Price

   1,007 MMcf/d    2018   3.02  52 

NYMEX Fixed Price Swaptions(3)

   300 MMcf/d    Q1 - Q2 2019   2.99  (9

NYMEX Call Options

       

Sold call price

   230 MMcf/d    2018   3.75  (1

Sold call price

   64 MMcf/d    2019   3.75  (4

Sold call price

   166 MMcf/d    2020   3.25  (1

Basis Contracts(4)

     2018                         130 
     2019     136 
     2020     99 
     2021 - 2023     86 

Premiums Received on Unexpired Options

           

 

(3

 

 

Natural Gas Fair Value Position

           485 

Other Derivative Contracts

               

Fair Value Position

            (17           (18

Foreign Currency Contracts

               

Fair Value Position(3)

            1 

Fair Value Position(5)

      2018      12 

Total Fair Value Position

           $                         74           $231 
(1)

Encana has entered intoWTI Fixed Price Swaptions give the counterparty the option to extend certain Q3 - Q4 2018 Fixed Price swaps to protect against widening natural gas price differentials between benchmark and regional sales prices.Q1- Q2 2019.

(2)

Encana has entered into swaps to protect against widening Midland, Magellan East Houston, Louisiana Light Sweet and Edmonton Condensate differentials to WTI.

(3)

NYMEX Fixed Price Swaptions give the counterparty the option to extend certain Q3 - Q4 2018 Fixed Price swaps to Q1- Q2 2019.

(4)

Encana has entered into swaps to protect against widening AECO, Dawn, Malin and Waha basis to NYMEX.

(5)

Encana has entered into U.S. dollar denominatedfixed-for-floating average currency swaps to protect against widening fluctuations between the Canadian dollar and U.S. dollar.dollars.


Earnings Impact of Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Risk Management Positions

 

  Three Months Ended  Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
  March 31,  2018  2017 
  2017  2016 
 

Realized Gain (Loss) on Risk Management

    

Realized Gains (Losses) on Risk Management

   

Commodity and Other Derivatives:

       

Revenues(1)

  $(24 $177  $(32 $(24

Transportation and processing

   (4 (6  -  (4

Foreign Currency Derivatives:

       

Foreign exchange

   1   -   7  1 
  $(27 $                171  $(25 $(27
  

Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Risk Management

    

Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Risk Management

   

Commodity and Other Derivatives:

       

Revenues(2)

  $                    362  $                (54 $                  68  $          362 

Transportation and processing

   -  (1

Foreign Currency Derivatives:

       

Foreign exchange

   2   -   (18 2 
  $364  $                (55 $50  $364 
  

Total Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Risk Management, net

    

Total Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Risk Management, net

   

Commodity and Other Derivatives:

       

Revenues(1) (2)

  $338  $123  $36  $338 

Transportation and processing

   (4 (7  -  (4

Foreign Currency Derivatives:

       

Foreign exchange

   3   -   (11 3 
  $337  $116  $25  $337 
(1)

Includes a realized gain of $2$1 million (2016(2017 - gain of $1$2 million) related to other derivative contracts.

(2)

Includes an unrealized gain of nil (2016(2017 - nil) related to other derivative contracts.

Reconciliation of Unrealized Risk Management Positions from January 1 to March 31

 

  

 

2017

   2016  2018   2017 
  Fair Value   

Total

Unrealized

Gain (Loss)

   

Total

Unrealized

Gain (Loss)

  Fair Value 

Total

Unrealized
Gain (Loss)

   

Total

Unrealized
Gain (Loss)

 
  
Fair Value of Contracts, Beginning of Year  $(292)       $                  183     

Change in Fair Value of Contracts in Place at Beginning of Year and Contracts Entered into During the Period

   337    $337    $                  116   25  $                  25   $337 
Settlement of Other Derivative Contracts           1     
Fair Value of Contracts Realized During the Period   27     27     (171  25   25    27 
Fair Value of Contracts, End of Period  $                    74    $                   364    $(55

Fair Value of Contracts Outstanding

 $234  $50   $364 

Premiums Received on Unexpired Options

  (3      

Fair Value of Contracts and Premiums Received, End of Period

 $231       

Risk management assets and liabilities arise from the use of derivative financial instruments and are measured at fair value. See Note 18 for a discussion of fair value measurements.

Unrealized Risk Management Positions

 

 

 

As at  

March 31,  

2017  

  As at
December 31,
2016
 
  

As at

March 31,

2018

   

As at

December 31,

2017

 

Risk Management Assets

       

Current

 $43    $-  $              226   $205 

Long-term

  108    16   290    246 
  151    16   516    451 
  

Risk Management Liabilities

       

Current

  51    254   250    236 

Long-term

  9    35   17    13 
  60    289   267    249 
  

Other Derivative Contracts

       

Current in accounts payable and accrued liabilities

  5    5   5    5 

Long-term in other liabilities and provisions

  12    14   13    14 

Net Risk Management Assets (Liabilities) and Other Derivative Contracts

 $                      74    $                (292 $231   $183 

C) Credit Risk

Credit risk arises from the potential that the Company may incur a loss if a counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its obligation in accordance with agreed terms. While exchange-traded contracts are subject to nominal credit risk due to the financial safeguards established by the New York Stock Exchange and Toronto Stock Exchange,the TSX,over-the-counter traded contracts expose Encana to counterparty credit risk. This credit risk exposure is mitigated through the use of credit policies approved by the Board of Directors governing the Company’s credit portfolio including credit practices that limit transactions according to counterparties’ credit quality. Mitigation strategies may include master netting arrangements, requesting collateral and/or transacting credit derivatives. The Company executes commodity derivative financial instruments under master agreements that have netting provisions that provide for offsetting payables against receivables. As a result of netting provisions, the Company’s maximum exposure to loss under derivative financial instruments due to credit risk is limited to the net amounts due from the counterparties under the derivative contracts, as disclosed in Note 18. As at March 31, 2017,2018, the Company had no significant credit derivatives in place and held no collateral.

As at March 31, 2017,2018, cash equivalents include high-grade, short-term securities, placed primarily with financial institutions and companies with strong investment grade ratings. Any foreign currency agreements entered into are with major financial institutions that have investment grade credit ratings.

A substantial portion of the Company’s accounts receivable are with customers in the oil and gas industry and are subject to normal industry credit risks. As at March 31, 2017,2018, approximately 9193 percent (90(92 percent as at December 31, 2016)2017) of Encana’s accounts receivable and financial derivative credit exposures were with investment grade counterparties.

As at March 31, 2017,2018, Encana had two counterparties whose net settlement position individually accounted for more than 10 percent of the fair value of the outstandingin-the-money net risk management contracts by counterparty. As at March 31, 2017,2018, these counterparties accounted for 3853 percent and 1311 percent of the fair value of the outstandingin-the-money net risk management contracts. As at December 31, 2016,2017, Encana had one counterpartythree counterparties whose net settlement position accounted for 8456 percent, 11 percent and 11 percent of the fair value of the outstandingin-the-money net risk management contracts.

During 2015 and 2017, Encana entered into agreements resulting from divestitures, which may require Encana to fulfill certain payment obligations on the take or pay volume commitments assumed by the purchaser.purchasers. The circumstances that would require Encana to perform under the agreementagreements include events where thea purchaser fails to make payment to the guaranteed party and/or thea purchaser is subject to an insolvency event. The agreements have remaining terms from fourthree to eightsix years with a fair value recognized of $17$18 million as at March 31, 20172018 ($19 million as at December 31, 2016)2017). The maximum potential amount of undiscounted future payments is $342$317 million as at March 31, 2017,2018, and is considered unlikely.

20.   Supplementary Information

Supplemental disclosures to the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows are presented below:

A)

A)  Net Change inNon-Cash Working Capital

 

   Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 
    2017  2016 
 

Operating Activities

    

Accounts receivable and accrued revenues

  $                    70  $145 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

   (134  (127

Income tax receivable and payable

   (96  41 
   $(160 $                    59 

 

B)  Non-Cash Activities

 

 

   Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 
    2017  2016 
 

Non-Cash Investing Activities

    

Asset retirement obligation incurred (See Note 11)

  $3  $3 

Property, plant and equipment accruals

                       44                       13 

Capitalized long-term incentives (See Note 16)

   11   1 

Property additions/dispositions

   6   1 
 

Non-Cash Financing Activities

    

Common shares issued under dividend reinvestment plan (See Note 12)

  $-  $- 
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
   2018  2017 
 

Operating Activities

   

Accounts receivable and accrued revenues

 $(2 $                    70 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

  (7  (134

Income tax receivable and payable

                      1   (96
  $(8 $(160

B)

Non-Cash Activities

  Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
   2018  2017 
 

Non-Cash Investing Activities

   

Asset retirement obligation incurred (See Note 12)

 $                    5  $3 

Property, plant and equipment accruals

  9            ��          44 

Capitalized long-term incentives

  (36  11 

Property additions/dispositions (swaps)

  49   6 

Non-Cash Financing Activities

   

Common shares issued under dividend reinvestment plan (See Note 13)

 $-  $- 

21.   Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

The following table outlines the Company’s commitments as at March 31, 2017:2018:

 

  Expected Future Payments  Expected Future Payments 

(undiscounted)

   2017    2018    2019    2020    2021    Thereafter     Total               2018             2019             2020             2021             2022             Thereafter Total 

Transportation and Processing

  $381   $545   $608   $593   $468   $2,645    $5,240   $446  $692  $663  $579  $551  $2,458  $            5,389 

Drilling and Field Services

   144    66    33    18    7        268   165  46  24  9   -   -   244 

Operating Leases

   15    18    17    16    17    76     159   13  16  16  15  15  46   121 

Total

  $                540   $                629   $                658   $                627   $                492   $                2,721    $              5,667   $624  $754  $703  $603  $566  $2,504  $5,754 

Included within transportation and processing in the table above are certain commitments associated with midstream service agreements with VMLP as described in Note 14.15. Divestiture transactions can reduce certain commitments disclosed above.

Contingencies

Encana is involved in various legal claims and actions arising in the normal course of the Company’s operations. Although the outcome of these claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company does not expect these matters to have a material adverse effect on Encana’s financial position, cash flows or results of operations. Management’s assessment of these matters may change in the future as certain of these matters are in early stages or are subject to a number of uncertainties. For material matters that the Company believes an unfavourable outcome is reasonably possible, the Company discloses the nature and a range of potential exposures. If an unfavourable outcome were to occur, there exists the possibility of a material impact on the Company’s consolidated net earnings or loss for the period in which the effect becomes reasonably estimable. The Company accrues for such items when a liability is both probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Such accruals are based on the Company’s information known about the matters, estimates of the outcomes of such matters and experience in handling similar matters.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The MD&A is intended to provide a narrative description of Encana’s business from management’s perspective. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes for the period ended March 31, 20172018 (“Consolidated Financial Statements”), which are included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form10-Q and the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes and MD&A for the year ended December 31, 2016,2017, which are included in Items 8 and 7, respectively, of the 20162017 Annual Report on Form10-K. Common industry terms and abbreviations are used throughout this MD&A and are defined in the Definitions, Conversions and Conventions sections of this Quarterly Report on FormForm 10-Q. This MD&A includes the following sections:

 

 · 

Executive Overview

 · 

Results of Operations

 · 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 · 

Non-GAAP Measures

 

Executive Overview

Strategy

 

Encana is a leading North American energy producer that is focused on developing its multi-basin portfolio of oil, NGLs and natural gas oil and NGL producing plays. Encana is committed to growing long-term shareholder value through a disciplined focus on generating profitable growth. The Company is pursuing the key business objectives of exercising a disciplined capital allocation strategy by investing in a limited number of core assets, growing high margin liquids volumes, maximizing profitability through operating efficiencies and reducing costs, and preserving balance sheet strength.

In executing its strategy, Encana focuses on its core values of One, Agile and Driven, which guide the organization to be flexible, responsive, determined and motivated with a commitment to excellence and a passion to succeed as a unified team.

Encana continually reviews and evaluates its strategy and changing market conditions. In 2017,2018, Encana will continuecontinues to focus on quality growth from high margin, scalable projects located in some of the best plays in North America, referred to as the “Core Assets”, comprising Montney and Duvernay in Canada and Eagle Ford and Permian in the U.S. These world-class assets form a multi-basin portfolio enabling flexible and efficient investment of capital. The Company rapidly deploys successful ideas and practices across these assets, becoming more efficient as innovative and sustainable technical improvements are implemented.

For additional information on Encana’s strategy, its reporting segments and the plays in which the Company operates, refer to Items 1 and 2 of the 20162017 Annual Report on Form10-K. In evaluating its operations and assessing its leverage, the Company reviews performance-based measures such asNon-GAAP Cash Flow and CorporateNon-GAAP Cash Flow Margin and debt-based metrics such as Debt to Adjusted Capitalization and Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA, which arenon-GAAP measures and do not have any standardized meaning under U.S. GAAP. These measures may not be similar to measures presented by other issuers and should not be viewed as a substitute for measures reported under U.S. GAAP. Further information regarding these measures, including reconciliations to the closest GAAP measure, can be found in theNon-GAAP Measures section of this MD&A.

Highlights

 

During the first quarter of 2017,2018, Encana focused on executing its 20172018 capital plan, maintaining operational efficiencies achieved in 20162017 and seeking new ways to reduceminimizing the effect of inflationary costs. Higher oil and NGL benchmark prices during the first quarter of 20172018 compared to the first quarter of 20162017 contributed to increases in Encana’s average realized natural gas, oil and NGLsNGL prices of 57 percent, 7828 percent and 10621 percent, respectively, resulting in higher revenues. Encana is also focused on the diversification of the Company’s downstream markets to capture higher realized prices. Encana remains committed to buildingdelivering a business model that allows the Company to adapt to fluctuating commodity prices.

Significant Developments

·

Received approval from the TSX to purchase, for cancellation, up to 35 million common shares pursuant to a NCIB over a12-month period from February 28, 2018 to February 27, 2019. As of March 31, 2018, the Company has purchased 10 million common shares for total consideration of approximately $111 million.

Financial Results

 

 · 

Reported net earnings of $431$151 million, including abefore-tax amount for net foreign exchange loss of $91 million, before tax, and net gains on risk management in revenues of $338$36 million, in revenues.before tax.

 

 · 

Generated cash from operating activities of $106$381 million,Non-GAAP Cash Flow of $400 million andNon-GAAP Cash Flow of $278 million.

Achieved Corporate Margin of $9.72$13.70 per BOE.

 

 

Recovered current taxes of approximately $42 million resulting from the successful resolution of certain tax items previously assessed.

· 

Paid dividends of $0.015 per common share.

 

 · 

Held cash and cash equivalents of $523$433 million and had available credit facilities of $4.5$4.0 billion for total liquidity of $5.0$4.4 billion at March 31, 2017.2018.

Capital Investment

 

 · 

Commenced the Company’s 20172018 capital plan with $390expenditures totaling $508 million of which $393 million, or 9877 percent, of total capital spendingwas directed to the Core Assets.Permian and Montney.

 

 · 

Focused on highly efficient capital activity and short-cycle high margin projects providing flexibility to respond to fluctuations in commodity prices.

Production

 

 

Produced average natural gas volumes of 1,241 MMcf/d which accounted for 65 percent of total production volumes.

· 

Produced average oil and NGL volumes of 110.9145.2 Mbbls/d which accounted for 3545 percent of total production volumes. Average oil and plant condensate production volumes of 87.9113.2 Mbbls/d were 7978 percent of total liquids production volumes.

 

 · 

Reported Core Assets productionProduced average natural gas volumes of 237.3 MBOE/1,075 MMcf/d or 75which accounted for 55 percent of total production volumes.

Operating Expenses

 

 · 

MaintainedFocused on maintaining operational efficiencies achieved in 2016, which continue to contribute to cost savings improvements. Includingprevious years and minimizing the impacteffect of 2016 divestitures, the Company reducedinflationary costs.

·

Increased transportation and processing expense by $57$37 million, or 2117 percent, primarily due to higher volumes in Montney and reduced operating expense, excluding long-term incentiveadditional costs by $40 million, or 24 percent, comparedincurred in conjunction with the diversification of downstream markets to the first quarter of 2016.capture higher realized prices.

20172018 Outlook

 

Industry Outlook

The oil and gas industry is cyclical and commodity prices are inherently volatile. Oil prices during 20172018 are expected to reflect global supply and demand dynamics as well as the geopolitical environment. OPEC is expected to meetAt a meeting in May to decide whether to extend an agreement among membersNovember 2017, OPEC and certainnon-OPEC countries agreed to further extend an agreement to voluntarily cut crude oil production.production through the end of 2018. The agreement which was implemented in January 2017, has beenand recent drawdowns of oil storage inventory levels were generally supportive of oil prices;prices in the first quarter of 2018; however, production growth in other countries continues to partially offset the expected benefit of the OPEC agreement. OPEC is scheduled to meet again in June 2018 to review production levels and a decision to discontinue or reduce the production cuts could negatively impact prices. In addition, rapid increasesoil prices in U.S. crude oil production or2018.

Natural gas prices in 2018 will be affected by the continuationtiming of elevatedsupply and demand growth. Natural gas prices in western Canada have seen significant negative price pressure as supply reached multi-year highs, surpassing regional demand and stressing effective pipeline capacity. Stronger condensate prices may also lend support to activity levels of U.S. oil storage inventories could also negatively impact prices.

Although winter temperaturesresulting in North America were not as cold as expected,additional downward pressure on natural gas prices improved comparedin 2018. Natural gas prices in the U.S. have remained flat. Potential for improvement in U.S. natural gas prices remains limited due to 2016 and are expected to continue improving ascontinued substantial production increases in exportsNortheast U.S. and industrial demand may absorb the oversupply that depressed prices tomulti-year lows in 2015 and 2016. After declining in 2016, naturalassociated gas production in the contiguous U.S. is not expected to increase significantly until additional pipeline infrastructure in the U.S. northeast is able to alleviate bottlenecks in that region.Permian Basin.

Company Outlook

Encana hasis positioned itself to be flexible andin the current price environment in order to continue to achieve strong returns from the Core Assets through this evolving commodity price cycle.returns. The Company is executing on its plan and Encana’s Corporate Guidance remains unchanged from the guidance released on February 16, 2017. The details of Encana’s Corporate Guidance can be accessed on the Company’s website atwww.encana.com.

Encana enters into commodity derivative financial instruments on a portion of its expected natural gas, oil and NGL production volumes to reducewhich mitigate price volatility and help sustain revenues during periods of lower prices. A portion of the Company’s production is sold at prevailing market prices which also allows Encana to participate in potential price increases. As of April 26, 2017, Encana’s 2017 commodity price mitigation program covers over 70 percentat March 31, 2018, the Company has hedged approximately 120 Mbbls/d of expected totaloil and condensate production and 1,026 MMcf/d of expected natural gas production for the remainder of 2018 using a variety of structures at average prices of $55.52 per bbl and $3.02 per Mcf, respectively.

Markets for crude oil and natural gas are exposed to different price risks. While the year.market price for crude oil tends to move in the same direction as the global market, natural gas may vary between geographic regions depending on local supply and demand conditions. Encana proactively utilizes transportation contracts to diversify the Company’s downstream markets and reduce significant exposure to any given market. Through a combination of derivative financial instruments and transportation capacity, Encana has mitigated the majority of its exposure to Midland and AECO pricing in 2018 and 2019. In addition, Encana continues to seek new markets to yield higher returns.

Capital Investment

Encana is on track to meet its full year capital investment guidance of $1.6$1.8 billion to $1.8$1.9 billion. During the first quarter of 2017,2018, the Company spent $399$508 million, of which 98 percent$238 million was invested in the Core Assets with 49 percent directed to Permian where the Company has drilled 3426 net wells. wells and $155 million was directed to Montney with 40 net wells drilled. Capital investment in Permian is expected to be optimized by Encana’s cube development approach to maximize returns and recovery. Capital investment in Montney is expected to be allocated to both Cutbank Ridge and Pipestone with a focus on growing condensate volumes.

Encana continually strives to improve well performance and lowerby lowering drilling and completion costs through efficiency gainsinnovative techniques. Encana’s large-scale cube development model utilizes multi-well pads and lower service costs inadvanced completion designs to access stacked pay resource to maximize returns and resource recovery from its Core Assets.reservoirs. The impact of Encana’s disciplined capital program and continuous innovation create flexibility and opportunity to grow cash flows and production volumes going forward.

Production

As part of the Company’s long-term growth strategy, Encana has significantly shifted its production mix to a more balanced portfolio in the recent years, thereby reducing the extent of exposure to market volatility of a particular commodity. During the first quarter of 2017,2018, average liquids production volumes were 145.2 Mbbls/d and average natural gas production volumes were 1,075 MMcf/d. The Company expects to deliver substantial liquids growth in the second half of 1,241 MMcf/d were slightly ahead of the full year 2017 guidance range of 1,150 MMcf/d to 1,200 MMcf/d, and liquids production volumes were2018. The Company is on track to meet the full year 2018 guidance rangeranges for liquids production volumes of 125.0165.0 Mbbls/d to 130.0175.0 Mbbls/d. Encana expectsd and natural gas production volumes of 1,150 MMcf/d to 1,250 MMcf/d

by year end as a result of the production mixCompany’s growth plans for Montney. Encana’s growth plans for Montney are supported by third party processing plants commissioned in 2017 and two additional facilities expected to continue shifting throughout the year, especiallybe completed in the second half of 2017 primarily due to growing Permian volumes and2018, including the anticipatedplanned completion of new facilitiesthe Pipestone liquids hub in Montney. Core Assets production of 237.3 MBOE/d held steady compared to the fourth quarter of 2016 and is expected to grow as Encana sees the anticipated benefit of its increased capital program with additional wells coming online in 2017. Total liquids production accounted for 35 percent of the Company’s total production volumes, with the Core Assets contributing 103.2 Mbbls/d or 93 percent.quarter.

Operating Expenses

To date, efficiencyEfficiency improvements and lower service costs have beenare expected to be maintained through the support of the Company’s culture of innovation and its focus on continuous improvement in operational execution. As activity in the Company continuesindustry accelerates, Encana expects to benefit from transportation contract renegotiations completedcontinue pursuing innovative ways to reduce upstream operating and administrative expenses. Operating costs in 2016. The Company reportedthe first quarter operating costs withinof 2018 are on track to meet the full year 20172018 guidance ranges. Transportation and processing expense was $6.67$7.42 per BOE, while upstream operating expense and administrative expense, excluding long-term incentive costs, were $3.82$3.60 per BOE and $1.50$1.49 per BOE, respectively.

Service costs are expected to increase with higher activity in the oil and gas industry and the recovery of commodity prices. Encana continues to offset any inflationary pressures with additional efficiency gains.

improvements and effective supply chain management, including favorable price negotiations.

Further information on Encana’s 2018 Corporate Guidance can be accessed on the Company’s website atwww.encana.com.

Results of Operations

Selected Financial Information

 

 

  Three months ended March 31,        Three months ended March 31,       
($ millions)  2017      2016    2018    2017 (1)      

Product Revenues

  $738     $  519   

Gains (Losses) on Risk Management, net

   338     123   

Market Optimization

   186     87   

Other

   35      24   

Product and Service Revenues

   

Upstream product revenues

 $            957   $         738    

Market optimization

  301   186    

Service revenues

  2   10    

Total Product and Service Revenues

  1,260    934    

Gains (Losses) on Risk Management, Net

  36   338    

Sublease Revenues

  17   17    

Total Revenues

           1,297      753     1,313    1,289    
  

Total Operating Expenses(1)

   800      1,796   

Total Operating Expenses(2)

  976    800    

Operating Income (Loss)

   497         (1,043)    337   489    

Total Other (Income) Expenses

   63      (363)    177    55    

Net Earnings (Loss) Before Income Tax

  $434     $  (680)   $160  $         434    

Net Earnings (Loss)

  $431     $  (379)   $151  $         431    

(1) Total Operating Expenses includenon-cash items such as DD&A, impairments, accretion of asset retirement obligations and long-term incentive costs.

(1) Corporate interest income of $8 million previously reported in revenues and operating income (loss) in Q1 2017 has been reclassified to other (gains) losses, net. The remaining Q1 2017 revenues have been realigned to conform with the current year presentation.

(2) Total Operating Expenses includenon-cash items such as DD&A, impairments, accretion of asset retirement obligations and long-term incentive costs.

(1) Corporate interest income of $8 million previously reported in revenues and operating income (loss) in Q1 2017 has been reclassified to other (gains) losses, net. The remaining Q1 2017 revenues have been realigned to conform with the current year presentation.

(2) Total Operating Expenses includenon-cash items such as DD&A, impairments, accretion of asset retirement obligations and long-term incentive costs.

Revenues

 

Encana’s revenues are substantially derived from sales of oil, NGLs and natural gas oil and NGL production. Increases or decreases in Encana’s revenue, profitability and future production are highly dependent on the commodity prices the Company receives. Prices are market driven and fluctuate due to factors beyond the Company’s control, such as supply and demand, seasonality and geopolitical and economic factors. Canadian Operations realized prices are closely linked to the AECO and Edmonton Condensate benchmark prices, except for production from Deep Panukeand AECO, as well as other downstream natural gas benchmarks, including Dawn, which is closely related toreflect the Algonquin City Gate benchmark price due to the proximitydiversification of the offshore production platform to New England.Company’s markets. The USA Operations realized prices generally reflect NYMEXWTI and WTINYMEX benchmark prices. Realized NGL prices are significantly influenced by oil benchmark prices and the NGL production mix. Recent trends in benchmark prices relevant to Encana are shown in the table below:below.

Benchmark Prices

 

    Three months ended March 31,     Three months ended March 31,   
(average for the period)  2017     2016    2018    2017   

Oil & NGLs

   

WTI ($/bbl)

  $            62.87   $            51.91  

Edmonton Condensate (C$/bbl)

   79.72  69.13 

Natural Gas

       

NYMEX ($/MMBtu)

   $3.32     $              2.09    $3.00  $3.32 

AECO (C$/Mcf)

   2.94     2.11     1.85  2.94 

Algonquin City Gate ($/MMBtu)

   4.47     3.28  

Oil & NGLs

    

WTI ($/bbl)

   $           51.91     $            33.45  

Edmonton Condensate (C$/bbl)

   69.13     47.25  

Dawn (C$/MMBtu)

   3.82  4.23 

Production Volumes and Realized Prices

 

        Production Volumes (1)                   Realized Prices (2)                 Production Volumes (1)                     Realized Prices (2)         
Three months ended March 31,  2017   2016        2017    2016    2018      2017        2018        2017      

Natural Gas(MMcf/d, $/Mcf)

          

Canadian Operations

   885    1,066      $2.52    $1.66  

USA Operations

   356    450       3.23     1.88  

Total

   1,241    1,516       2.72     1.73  

Oil(Mbbls/d, $/bbl)

                       

Canadian Operations

   0.4    3.2                   43.29                 29.58      0.4   0.4    $        55.47   $        43.29

USA Operations

   67.0    77.3       49.65     27.77      82.6   67.0     63.33   49.65

Total

   67.4    80.5       49.61     27.84      83.0   67.4     63.29   49.61

NGLs – Plant Condensate(Mbbls/d, $/bbl)

                       

Canadian Operations

   18.7    16.5       50.29     32.32      27.5   18.7     61.10   50.29

USA Operations

   1.8    2.6       42.87     22.45      2.7   1.8     51.94   42.87

Total

   20.5    19.1       49.63     31.00      30.2   20.5     60.28   49.63

NGLs – Other(Mbbls/d, $/bbl)

                       

Canadian Operations

   5.0    10.5       22.62     5.74      10.4   5.0     30.08   22.62

USA Operations

   18.0    20.7       20.11     8.93      21.6   18.0     20.53   20.11

Total

   23.0    31.2       20.66     7.86      32.0   23.0     23.64   20.66

Total NGLs(Mbbls/d, $/bbl)

                       

Canadian Operations

   23.7    27.0       44.40     22.02      37.9   23.7     52.55   44.40

USA Operations

   19.8    23.3       22.22     10.41      24.3   19.8     24.01   22.22

Total

   43.5    50.3       34.31     16.63      62.2   43.5     41.40   34.31

Total Oil & NGLs(Mbbls/d, $/bbl)

                       

Canadian Operations

   24.1    30.2       44.38     22.82      38.3   24.1     52.58   44.38

USA Operations

   86.8    100.6       43.36     23.74      106.9   86.8     54.39   43.36

Total

   110.9    130.8       43.59     23.53      145.2   110.9     53.91   43.59

Natural Gas(MMcf/d, $/Mcf)

             

Canadian Operations

    936   885     2.48   2.52

USA Operations

    139   356     2.52   3.23

Total

    1,075   1,241     2.48   2.72

Total Production(MBOE/d, $/BOE)

                       

Canadian Operations

   171.7    207.9       19.23     11.84      194.3   171.7     22.29   19.23

USA Operations

   146.2    175.5       33.59     18.42      130.1   146.2     47.39   33.59

Total

   317.9    383.4        25.82     14.85      324.4   317.9      32.35   25.82

Production Mix(%)

                       

Natural Gas

   65    66        

Oil & Plant Condensate

   28    26            35   28       

NGLs – Other

   7               10   7       

Total Oil & NGLs

   35    34               45   35       

Natural Gas

    55   65          

Core Assets Production

                       

Natural Gas (MMcf/d)

   804    966        

Oil (Mbbls/d)

   62.3    66.5            80.4   62.3       

NGLs – Plant Condensate (Mbbls/d)

   20.0    17.7            30.2   20.0       

NGLs – Other (Mbbls/d)

   20.9    23.9            30.9   20.9       

Total NGLs (Mbbls/d)

   40.9    41.6            61.1   40.9       

Total Oil & NGLs (Mbbls/d)

   103.2    108.1            141.5   103.2       

Natural Gas (MMcf/d)

    996   804       

Total Production (MBOE/d)

   237.3    269.1            307.5   237.3       

% of Total Encana Production

   75    70               95   75          

(1) Average daily.

(2) Averageper-unit prices, excluding the impact of risk management activities.

(1) Average daily.

(2) Averageper-unit prices, excluding the impact of risk management activities.

   

   

          

Upstream Product Revenues

               Three months ended March 31,             
  ($ millions)  Oil  NGLs(1)  

Natural

Gas(2)

 Total    

  2017 Upstream Product Revenues

   $        300   $        134   $        304  $        738

  Increase (decrease) due to:

           

Sales prices

    102    32    (5)   129

Production volumes

    72    65    (58)   79

  2018 Upstream Product Revenues

   $474   $231   $241  $946    

  (1) Includes plant condensate.

  (2) Natural gas revenues exclude a royalty adjustment of $11 million (2017 - nil) with no associated production volumes.

  

  

Oil Revenues

Three months ended March 31, 2018 versus March 31, 2017

Oil revenues increased $174 million compared to the first quarter of 2017 primarily due to:

 

 (1)·Average daily.
 (2)Averageper-unit

Higher average realized oil prices excludingof $13.68 per bbl, or 28 percent, increased revenues by $102 million. The increase reflected a higher WTI benchmark price which was up 21 percent. The increase was also due to improved regional pricing in the impact of risk management activities.USA Operations; and

Product Revenues

   Three months ended March 31, 
   ($ millions)  

Natural

Gas

  Oil  NGLs (1)  Total 

2016 Product Revenues

  $240  $203  $76  $519 

Increase (decrease) due to:

     

Sales prices

   110   133   69   312 

Production volumes

   (46  (36  (11  (93

2017 Product Revenues

  $          304  $          300  $          134  $          738 

 

 (1)·Includes plant condensate.

Higher average oil production volumes of 15.6 Mbbls/d increased revenues by $72 million. Higher volumes were primarily due to a successful drilling program in Permian (18.9 Mbbls/d), partially offset by asset sales (2.4 Mbbls/d), which mainly include the Tuscaloosa Marine Shale assets in the second quarter of 2017.

NGL Revenues

Three months ended March 31, 2018 versus March 31, 2017

NGL revenues increased $97 million compared to the first quarter of 2017 primarily due to:

·

Higher average realized NGL prices of $7.09 per bbl, or 21 percent, increased revenues by $32 million. The increase reflected higher Edmonton Condensate and WTI benchmark prices which were up 15 percent and 21 percent, respectively, as well as improved regional pricing; and

·

Higher average NGL production volumes of 18.7 Mbbls/d increased revenues by $65 million. Higher volumes were primarily due to successful drilling programs in Montney and Permian (21.0 Mbbls/d), partially offset by asset sales (1.6 Mbbls/d), which mainly include the Piceance natural gas assets in the third quarter of 2017.

Natural Gas Revenues

Three months ended March 31, 20172018 versus March 31, 20162017

Natural gas revenues increased $64decreased $63 million compared to the first quarter of 20162017 primarily due to:

 

 · 

HigherLower average realized natural gas prices of $0.99$0.24 per Mcf, or 57nine percent, increaseddecreased revenues by $110$5 million. The increasedecrease reflected higherlower NYMEX AECO and Algonquin City GateAECO benchmark prices which were up 59 percent, 39down 10 percent and 3637 percent, respectively;respectively, partially offset by relatively higher other downstream benchmark prices in 2018 resulting from the diversification of the Company’s markets; and

partially offset by:

 

 · 

Lower average natural gas production volumes of 275166 MMcf/d decreased revenues by $46$58 million. Lower volumes were primarily due to asset sales (305 MMcf/d), which mainly include the sales of the Gordondale (79 MMcf/d) and DJ BasinPiceance natural gas assets (47 MMcf/d) in the third quarter of 2016, lower natural gas volumes2017 and certain assets in Montney due to Encana’s focus on liquids rich wellsWheatland in the play (94 MMcf/d)fourth quarter of 2017, and natural declineslower activity in Piceance (43 MMcf/d).

Oil Revenues

Three months ended March 31, 2017 versus March 31, 2016

Oil revenues increased $97 million compared to the first quarter of 2016 primarily due to:

Higher average realized oil prices of $21.77 per bbl, or 78 percent, increased revenues by $133 million. The increase reflected a higher WTI benchmark price which was up 55 percent. The increase was also due to higher utilization of pipelines to transport oil to more favourable markets to receive a higher net price, as well as improved regional pricing in the USA Operations;

partially offset by:

Lower average oil production volumes of 13.1 Mbbls/d decreased revenues by $36 million. Lower volumes were primarily due to natural declines in Eagle Ford (9.3 Mbbls/d) and in the USA Other Upstream Operations (3.8 Mbbls/d) as well as the sales of the DJ Basin (4.9 Mbbls/d) and Gordondale assets (2.4 Mbbls/d) in the third quarter of 2016, partially offset by a successful drilling program in Permian (7.8 Mbbls/d).

NGL Revenues

Three months ended March 31, 2017 versus March 31, 2016

NGL revenues increased $58 million compared to the first quarter of 2016 primarily due to:

Higher average realized NGL prices of $17.68 per bbl, or 106 percent, increased revenues by $69 million. The increase reflected higher WTI and Edmonton Condensate benchmark prices which were up 55 percent and 46 percent, respectively. The increase was also due to a shift in the NGL production mix to higher value condensate compared to 2016;

partially offset by:

Lower average NGL production volumes of 6.8 Mbbls/d decreased revenues by $11 million. Lower volumes were primarily due to the sales of the Gordondale (5.7 Mbbls/d) and DJ Basin assets (4.9 Mbbls/d) in the third quarter of 2016 and natural declines in the USA Other Upstream Operations (1.3 Mbbls/(74 MMcf/d), partially offset by successful drilling programs in the Core Assets (5.7 Mbbls/Montney and Permian (199 MMcf/d).

Gains (Losses) on Risk Management, Net

As a means of managing commodity price volatility, Encana enters into commodity derivative financial instruments on a portion of its expected oil, NGLs and natural gas oil and NGL production volumes. The Company’s commodity price mitigation program reduces volatility and helps sustain revenues during periods of lower prices. Further information on the Company’s commodity price positions as at March 31, 20172018 can be found in Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on FormForm 10-Q.

The following table provides the effects of Encana’s risk management activities on revenues.

 

              $ millions                   Per-Unit  $ millions       Per-Unit
Three months ended March 31,  2017      2016         2017         2016     2018    2017        2018    2017  

Realized Gains (Losses) on Risk Management

                     

Commodity Price

                     

Oil ($/bbl)

  $            (56)   $            -      $              (7.55)   $             0.05   

NGLs ($/bbl)(1)

   (21)    (1)     $(3.77)   $           (0.42)  

Natural Gas ($/Mcf)

  $(25)     $62        $(0.22)      $  0.45      44     (25)     $0.46    $           (0.22)  

Oil ($/bbl)

   -       114        $            0.05       $          15.54   

NGLs(1) ($/bbl)

   (1)      -        $(0.42)      $  -   

Other(2)

   2       1        $-       $  -               $   $                  -   

Total ($/BOE)

   (24)      177        $(0.91)      $  5.04      (32)    (24)     $(1.13)   $           (0.91)  

Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Risk Management

   362       (54)             68     362        

Total Gains (Losses) on Risk Management, Net

  $            338      $            123                 $36    $338           

(1) Includes plant condensate.

(2) Other includes realized gains or losses from other derivative contracts with no associated production volumes.

(1) Includes plant condensate.

(2) Other includes realized gains or losses from other derivative contracts with no associated production volumes.

(1) Includes plant condensate.

(2) Other includes realized gains or losses from other derivative contracts with no associated production volumes.

Encana recognizes fair value changes from its risk management activities each reporting period. The changes in fair value result from new positions and settlements that occur during each period, as well as the relationship between contract prices and the associated forward curves. Realized gains or losses on risk management activities related to commodity price mitigation are included in the Canadian Operations, USA Operations and Market Optimization revenues as the contracts are cash settled. Unrealized gains or losses on fair value changes of unsettled contracts are included in the Corporate and Other segment.

Market Optimization Revenues

Market Optimization revenues relate to activities that provide operational flexibility and cost mitigation for transportation commitments, product type, delivery points and customer diversification.

   Three months ended March 31, 
  ($ millions)  2018    2017  

  Market Optimization

      $           301    $                186  

Three months ended March 31, 20172018 versus March 31, 20162017

Market Optimization revenues increased $99$115 million compared to the first quarter of 20162017 primarily due to:

 

 · 

Higher commodity prices ($58 million) and higher sales of third-party purchased volumes, primarily related to natural gas, used for optimization activities and long-term marketing arrangements associated with the Company’s previous divestitures ($41168 million), partially offset by lower natural gas commodity prices ($53 million).

OtherSublease Revenues

Other RevenuesSublease revenues primarily includesinclude amounts related to the sublease of office space in The Bow office building and interest income recorded in the Corporate and Other segment, as well as third party transportation and processing revenues with no associated volumes recorded in the Canadian and USA Operations segments.segment. Further information on The Bow office sublease can be found in Note 1011 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form10-Q.

Operating Expenses

 

Production, Mineral and Other Taxes

Production, mineral and other taxes include production and property taxes. Production taxes are generally assessed as a percentage of oil and natural gas production revenues. Property taxes are generally assessed based on the value of the underlying assets.

 

              $ millions                               $/BOE              $ millions     $/BOE 
Three months ended March 31,  2017     2016         2017     2016    2018 2017     2018 2017 

Canadian Operations

  $5     $6       $0.30     $0.29    $4  $5     $0.23  $0.30 

USA Operations

   24      17       $1.84     $1.07     25  24   $2.12  $1.84 

Total

  $              29     $            23        $            1.01     $            0.65    $            29  $            29    $        0.99  $        1.01 

Three months ended March 31, 20172018 versus March 31, 20162017

Production, mineral and other taxes increased $6 millionwere flat compared to the first quarter of 20162017 primarily due to:

 

 · 

Higher commodityoil prices in the USA Operations and higher oil production volumes in Permian ($97 million);

partially offset by:

 

 · 

The sale ofAsset sales ($6 million), which mainly include the DJ BasinPiceance natural gas assets in the third quarter of 2016 ($2 million).2017 and certain assets in Wheatland in the fourth quarter of 2017.

Transportation and Processing

Transportation and processing expense includes transportation costs incurred to move product from production points to sales points including gathering, compression, pipeline tariffs, trucking and storage costs. Encana also incurs costs related to processing provided by third parties or through ownership interests in processing facilities to bring raw production to sales-quality product.

 

              $ millions                               $/BOE              $ millions     $/BOE 
Three months ended March 31,  2017     2016         2017     2016    2018 2017     2018 2017 

Canadian Operations

  $132     $149       $8.56     $7.87    $190  $132   $10.87  $8.56 

USA Operations

   59      98       $4.44     $6.12     27  59     $2.26  $4.44 

Upstream Transportation and Processing

   191      247       $            6.67     $            7.07     217  191   $        7.42  $        6.67 

Market Optimization

   21      21           32  21    

Corporate and Other

   -      1           -   -    

Total

  $            212     $            269             $            249  $            212       

Three months ended March 31, 20172018 versus March 31, 20162017

Transportation and processing expense decreased $57increased $37 million compared to the first quarter of 20162017 primarily due to:

 

 

The renegotiation and expiration of certain transportation contracts ($34 million), the sales of the Gordondale and DJ Basin assets in the third quarter of 2016 ($21 million) and lower gas gathering and processing fees in Montney, Duvernay and the USA Other Operations ($16 million);

partially offset by:

· 

Higher volumes and prices in Permian ($7 million), the higher U.S./Canadian dollar exchange rate ($6 million) and increased downstream processing and transportation costs mainly in Montney and Duvernay due to Encana’s focus on liquids rich wells in the plays and costs relating to the diversification of the Company’s downstream markets ($539 million), higher volumes and gathering and processing fees in Montney ($28 million), higher volumes in Permian ($6 million) and the higher U.S./Canadian dollar exchange rate ($6 million);

partially offset by:

·

Asset sales ($30 million), which mainly include the Piceance natural gas assets in the third quarter of 2017 and lower activity in Other Upstream Operations ($10 million).

Operating

Operating expense includes costs paid by Encana, net of amounts capitalized, to operate oil and gas properties in which the Company has a working interest. These costs primarily include labour, service contract fees, chemicals and fuel.

 

  $ millions    $/BOE  $ millions     $/BOE 
Three months ended March 31,              2017                 2016                  2017                 2016    2018 2017     2018 2017 

Canadian Operations

  $31      $40              $1.91      $2.06    $29  $31   $1.59  $1.91 

USA Operations

   87      113      $6.43      $7.06     74  87     $6.28  $6.43 

Upstream Operating Expense(1)

   118      153      $3.99      $4.35     103  118   $          3.47  $          3.99 

Market Optimization

   9      8          4  9    

Corporate and Other

   5      5          4  5    

Total

  $132      $166            $            111  $            132       

 

 (1)Upstream Operating Expense per BOE for the first quarter of 20172018 includes a recovery of long-term incentive costs of $0.17/$0.13/BOE (2016 – $0.04/(2017 - long-term incentive costs of $0.17/BOE).

Three months ended March 31, 20172018 versus March 31, 20162017

Operating expense decreased $34$21 million compared to the first quarter of 20162017 primarily due to:

 

 · 

Cost-saving initiatives primarily inAsset sales ($24 million), which mainly include the USA Operations ($16 million), lower salaries and benefits due to a lower headcount ($11 million), the sales of the DJ Basin and GordondalePiceance natural gas assets in the third quarter of 2016 ($9 million)2017 and lower activitycertain assets in Wheatland in the Canadian Operations ($5 million);

partially offset by:

Higherfourth quarter of 2017, and a recovery of long-term incentive costs resulting from the increasedecrease in Encana’s share price in the first quarter of 2018 ($614 million). Further information on Encana’s long-term incentives can be found in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form10-Q.

partially offset by:

·

Higher activity in Permian and Montney ($12 million).

Purchased Product

Purchased product expense includes purchases of oil, NGLs and natural gas oil and NGLs from third parties that are used to provide operational flexibility and cost mitigation for transportation commitments, product type, delivery points and customer diversification.

 

      Three months ended March 31,            Three months ended March 31,     
($ millions)          2017             2016    2018  2017  

Market Optimization

       $171         $73        $          273       $          171  

Three months ended March 31, 20172018 versus March 31, 20162017

Purchased product expense increased $98$102 million compared to the first quarter of 20162017 primarily due to:

 

 · 

Higher commodity prices ($53 million) and higher third-party volumes purchased, primarily related to natural gas, for optimization activities and long-term marketing arrangements associated with the Company’s previous divestitures ($45163 million), partially offset by lower natural gas commodity prices ($61 million).

Depreciation, Depletion & Amortization

Proved properties within each country cost centre are depleted using theunit-of-production method based on proved reserves as discussed in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of the 20162017 Annual Report on Form10-K. Depletion rates are impacted by impairments, acquisitions, divestitures and foreign exchange rates as well as fluctuations in12-month average trailing prices which can affect proved reserves volumes. Impairments, acquisitions, divestitures and foreign exchange ratesAdditional information can also impactbe found in the depletion rates. For additional information on Critical Accounting Estimates refer tosection of the MD&A included in Item 7 of the 20162017 Annual Report on Form10-K. Corporate assets are carried at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated service lives of the assets.

 

  $ millions    $/BOE   $ millions       $/BOE 
Three months ended March 31,              2017                 2016                  2017                 2016     2018    2017        2018    2017  

Canadian Operations

  $64     $82              $4.11     $4.32     $77    $64      $4.39    $        4.11  

USA Operations

   106      159      $8.09     $9.99      185     106      $        15.84    $8.09  

Upstream DD&A

   170      241      $5.93     $6.91      262     170      $8.98    $5.93  

Corporate and Other

   17      20           13     17        

Total

  $187     $261             $            275    $            187           

Three months ended March 31, 20172018 versus March 31, 20162017

DD&A decreased $74increased $88 million compared to the first quarter of 20162017 primarily due to:

 

 · 

Lower production volumes ($42 million) andHigher depletion rates ($33 million)primarily in the Canadian and USA Operations.Operations ($91 million).

The depletion rate decreased $0.98increased $3.05 per BOE compared to the first quarter of 20162017 primarily due to:

 

 · 

Ceiling test impairments recognized in the first six months of 2016 in the Canadian and USA Operations andLower reserve volumes from the sale of the DJ BasinPiceance natural gas assets in the third quarter of 2016.2017.

Impairments

Under full cost accounting, the carrying amount of Encana’s natural gas and oil properties within each country cost centre is subject to a ceiling test at the end of each quarter. Ceiling test impairments are recognized when the capitalized costs, net of accumulated depletion and the related deferred income taxes, exceed the sum of the estimatedafter-tax future net cash flows from proved reserves as calculated under SEC requirements using the12-month average trailing prices and discounted at 10 percent.

       Three months ended March 31,       
   ($ millions)          2017             2016   

Canadian Operations

       $-         $267   

USA Operations

   -      645   

Total

       $-         $912   

Ceiling test impairments in the first quarter of 2016 were primarily due to the decline in the12-month average trailing prices, which reduced the Canadian and USA Operations proved reserves volumes and values as calculated under SEC requirements.

The12-month average trailing prices used in the ceiling test calculations were based on the benchmark prices below. The benchmark prices were adjusted for basis differentials to determine local reference prices, transportation costs and tariffs, heat content and quality.

                   Natural Gas                                               Oil & NGLs                          
    

Henry Hub

($/MMBtu)

   

AECO  

(C$/MMBtu)  

      

WTI

($/bbl)

   

Edmonton  

    Condensate (2)  

(C$/bbl)  

 

12-Month Average Trailing Reserves Pricing(1)

          

March 31, 2017

   2.74    2.38        47.61    61.24   

December 31, 2016

   2.49    2.17        42.75    55.39   

March 31, 2016

   2.39    2.47         46.26    59.54   

(1)All prices were held constant in all future years when estimating net revenues and reserves.
(2)Edmonton Condensate benchmark price has replaced the previously disclosed Edmonton Light Sweet benchmark price to reflect the Company’s shift to higher condensate production.

The Company believes that the discountedafter-tax future net cash flows from proved reserves required to be used in the ceiling test calculation are not indicative of the fair market value of Encana’s natural gas and oil properties or the future net cash flows expected to be generated from such properties. The discountedafter-tax future net cash flows do not consider the fair market value of unamortized unproved properties, or probable or possible natural gas and liquids reserves. In addition, there is no consideration given to the effect of future changes in commodity prices. Encana manages its business using estimates of reserves and resources based on forecast prices and costs. Additional information on the ceiling test calculation can be found in the Critical Accounting Estimates section of the MD&A included in Item 7 of the 2016 Annual Report on Form10-K.

Administrative

Administrative expense represents costs associated with corporate functions provided by Encana staff in the Calgary and Denver offices. Costs primarily include salaries and benefits, general office, information technology restructuring and long-term incentive costs.

 

       Three months ended March 31,   
            2017             2016   

Administrative ($ millions)

     $58       $79   

Administrative ($/BOE)(1)

     $2.04       $2.27   

(1)Administrative expense per BOE for the first quarter of 2017 includes long-term incentive costs of $0.54/BOE (2016 – long-term incentive costs of $0.15/BOE and restructuring costs of $0.89/BOE). There were no restructuring costs in the first quarter of 2017.
   Three months ended March 31,
    2018   2017  

Administrative ($ millions)

  $31   $               58  

Administrative ($/BOE)(1)

  $            1.08   $            2.04  

(1) Administrative expense per BOE for the first quarter of 2018 includes a recovery of long-term incentive costs of $0.41/BOE (2017 - long-term incentive costs of $0.54/BOE).

Three months ended March 31, 20172018 versus March 31, 20162017

Administrative expense in the first quarter of 20172018 decreased $21$27 million fromcompared to the first quarter of 20162017 primarily due to lower restructuring costs ($31 million), partially offset by highera recovery of long-term incentive costs resulting from the increasedecrease in Encana’s share price ($1027 million). Administrative expense of $43 million, excluding restructuring costs and long-term incentive costs, was unchanged compared to the first quarter of 2016.

During the first quarter of 2016, Encana completed workforce reductions announced in February 2016 to better align staffing levels and the organizational structure with its reduced capital spending program as a result of the low commodity price environment. Encana incurred restructuring costs of $31 million during the first quarter of 2016. Further information on restructuring costs can be found in Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form10-Q.

Other (Income) Expenses

 

 

       Three months ended March 31,       
   ($ millions)  2017  2016   

Interest

        $88    $103   

Foreign exchange (gain) loss, net

   (26  (379)  

(Gain) loss on divestitures, net

   1   -   

Other (gains) losses, net

   -   (87)  

Total Other (Income) Expenses

        $63      $(363)  

Interest

Interest expense primarily includes interest on Encana’s long-term debt arising from U.S. dollar denominated unsecured notes and balances which are drawn on the Company’s credit facilities. Encana also incurs interest on the Company’s long-term obligation for The Bow office building and capital leases.

Interest expense in the first quarter of 2017 decreased $15 million from the first quarter of 2016 primarily due to the early retirement of long-term debt in March 2016 as discussed in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of this MD&A.

   Three months ended March 31,
  ($ millions)  2018   2017 

  Interest

  $92  $88 

  Foreign exchange (gain) loss, net

   91   (26

  (Gain) loss on divestitures, net

   (3  1 

  Other (gains) losses, net

   (3  (8

  Total Other (Income) Expenses

  $            177  $                55 

Foreign Exchange (Gain) Loss, Net

Foreign exchange gains and losses result from the impact of fluctuations in the Canadian to U.S. dollar exchange rate. Further details on changes in foreign exchange gains or losses can be found in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form10-Q. Additional information on foreign exchange rates and the effects of foreign exchange rate changes can be found in Item 3 of this Quarterly Report on Form10-Q.

In the first quarter of 2017, the average U.S./Canadian dollar2018, Encana recorded a net foreign exchange rate was 0.755loss compared to 0.728a net gain in the first quarter of 2016. In the first quarter of 2017 Encana recorded lower($117 million). The change was primarily due to unrealized foreign exchange gainslosses on the translation of U.S. dollar financing debt issued from Canada compared to the first quarter of 2016 ($303 million).

Other (Gains) Losses, Net

Other (gains) losses, net primarily includes othernon-recurring revenues or expenses, reclamation charges relating to decommissioned assets and earnings/losses from equity investments.

Other gains in the first quarter of 2016 primarily includes a gain of $89 million2017 ($155 million) and higher unrealized foreign exchange losses on the early retirementtranslation of long-term debt as discussedintercompany notes ($18 million), partially offset by foreign exchange gains on the settlement of intercompany notes compared to losses in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of this MD&A.2017 ($52 million).

Income Tax

 

 

    Three months ended March 31,       Three months ended March 31,  
($ millions)  2017     2016      2018   2017  

Current Income Tax Expense (Recovery)

   $(39)     $3      $3   $(39

Deferred Income Tax Expense (Recovery)

   42      (304)      6                    42 

Income Tax Expense (Recovery)

   $3      $(301)     $                9   $3 

Effective Tax Rate

   0.7%    44.3%     5.6%    0.7% 

Income Tax Expense (Recovery)

Three months ended March 31, 20172018 versus March 31, 20162017

In the first quarter of 2017, Encana recorded a totalCurrent income tax expense compared to a tax recovery in the first quarter of 2016. The total income tax2018 was an expense was primarily dueof $3 million compared to higher operating income and lower foreign exchange gains.

a recovery of $39 million in 2017. The current income tax recovery in the first quarter of 2017 was primarily due toresulted from the successful resolution of certain tax items previously assessed by the CRAtaxing authorities relating to prior taxation years.

The deferredDeferred income tax recovery in the first quarter of 20162018 was $36 million lower than 2017 primarily due to:

·

Lower net earnings before income tax in 2018 compared to 2017; and

·

A reduction in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate to 21 percent from 35 percent resulting from U.S. Tax Reform as enacted on December 22, 2017. Additional information on U.S. Tax Reform can be found in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of the 2017 Annual Report on Form10-K.

There has been no change in the first quarter of 2018 to the recognitionprovisional tax adjustment recognized in December 2017 resulting from there-measurement of ceiling test impairments.theCompany’s tax position due to a reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate under U.S. Tax Reform.

Effective Tax Rate

Encana’s interim income tax expense is determined using the estimated annual effective income tax rate applied toyear-to-date net earnings before income tax plus the effect of legislative changes and amounts in respect of prior periods. The estimated annual effective income tax rate is impacted by expected annual earnings, income tax related to foreign operations, the effect of legislative changes including U.S. Tax Reform,non-taxable capital gains and losses, tax differences on divestitures and transactions, and partnership tax allocations in excess of funding. These items, along with the CRA reassessment discussed above, resulted in anThe Company’s effective tax rate was 5.6 percent for the first quarter of 2017 that2018, which is lower than the Canadian statutory rate of 27 percent. The effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2016 exceeded the Canadian statutory tax rate of 27 percent primarily due to the impact of the foreign jurisdictional tax rates relative to the Canadian statutory tax rate applied to jurisdictional earnings.earnings as well as the items discussed above.

Tax interpretations, regulations and legislation, including U.S. Tax Reform and potential Treasury Department regulations and guidance, in the various jurisdictions in which the Company and its subsidiaries operate are subject to change.change and interpretation. As a result, there are tax matters under review for which the timing of resolution is uncertain. The Company believes that the provision for income taxes is adequate.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

 

The Company has the flexibility to access cash equivalents and a range of funding alternatives at competitive rates through committed revolving bank credit facilities as well as debt and equity capital markets. Encana closely monitors the accessibility of cost-effective credit and ensures that sufficient liquidity is in place to fund capital expenditures and dividend payments. In addition, the Company may use cash and cash equivalents, cash from operating activities, or proceeds from asset divestitures and share issuances to fund its operations and service debt repayments.or to manage its capital structure as discussed below. At March 31, 2017, $972018, $303 million in cash and cash equivalents was held by U.S. subsidiaries. The cash held by U.S. subsidiaries is accessible and may be subject to additional Canadian income taxes and U.S. withholding taxes if repatriated.

The Company’s capital structure consists of total shareholders’ equity plus long-term debt, including the current portion. The Company’s objectives when managing its capital structure are to maintain financial flexibility to preserve Encana’s access to capital markets and its ability to meet financial obligations and finance internally generated growth, as well as potential acquisitions. Encana has a long-standing practice of maintaining capital discipline and strategically managing its capital structure by adjusting capital spending, adjusting dividends paid to shareholders, issuing new shares, purchasing shares for cancellation through a NCIB, issuing new debt or repaying existing debt.

 

  As at March 31,   As at March 31,
($ millions, except as indicated)  2017     2016     2018   2017  

Cash and Cash Equivalents

      $523         $222     $433   $          523  

Available Credit Facility – Encana(1)

       3,000          1,795              2,500           3,000  

Available Credit Facility – U.S. Subsidiary(1)

   1,500      1,500      1,500   1,500  

Total Liquidity

   5,023      3,517      4,433   5,023  

Long-Term Debt

   4,198      5,402      4,198   4,198  

Total Shareholders’ Equity

   6,525      5,505      6,776   6,525  

Debt to Capitalization (%)(2)

   39      50      38   39  

Debt to Adjusted Capitalization (%)(3)

   23      29      22   23  

(1) Collectively, the “Credit Facilities”.

(2) Calculated as long-term debt, including the current portion, divided by shareholders’ equity plus long-term debt, including the current portion.

(3) Anon-GAAP measure which is defined in theNon-GAAP Measures section of this MD&A.

(1) Collectively, the “Credit Facilities”.

(2) Calculated as long-term debt, including the current portion, divided by shareholders’ equity plus long-term debt, including the current portion.

(3) Anon-GAAP measure which is defined in theNon-GAAP Measures section of this MD&A.

In the first quarter of 2018, the Company amended the capacity of its Encana Credit Facility from $3.0 billion to $2.5 billion and extended the maturity for both Credit Facilities to July 2022.

(1)Collectively, the “Credit Facilities”.
(2)Calculated as long-term debt, including the current portion, divided by shareholders’ equity plus long-term debt, including the current portion.
(3)Anon-GAAP measure which is defined in theNon-GAAP Measures section of this MD&A.

Encana is currently in compliance with, and expects that it will continue to be in compliance with, all financial covenants under the Credit Facilities. Management monitors Debt to Adjusted Capitalization, which is anon-GAAP measure defined in theNon-GAAP Measures section of this MD&A, as a proxy for Encana’s financial covenant under the Credit Facilities, which requires debt to adjusted capitalization to be less than 60 percent. The definitions used in the covenant under the Credit Facilities adjust capitalization for cumulative historical ceiling test impairments that were recorded as at December 31, 2011 in conjunction with the Company’s January 1, 2012 adoption of U.S. GAAP. As shown in the table above, Debt to Adjusted Capitalization in the first quarter of 2017 decreased compared to the first quarter of 2016 as a result of Encana’s efforts to strengthen its balance sheet through debt repayments. Additional information on financial covenants can be found in Note 1312 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of the 20162017 Annual Report on Form10-K.

Sources and Uses of Cash

 

In the first quarter of 2017,2018, Encana primarily generated cash through operating activities. The following table summarizes the sources and uses of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents.

 

              Three months ended March 31,                 Three months ended March 31,   
($ millions)  Activity Type     2017 2016     Activity Type   2018    2017   

Sources of Cash and Cash Equivalents

          

Cash from operating activities

   Operating         $106      $    157      Operating   $            381   $            106  

Proceeds from divestitures

   Investing      3  6      Investing    19  3 

Net issuance of revolving long-term debt

   Financing      -  555   

Other

   Investing      55  12      Investing    -  55 
         164  730        400  164 

Uses of Cash and Cash Equivalents

          

Capital expenditures

   Investing      399  359      Investing    508  399 

Acquisitions

   Investing      46  1      Investing    2  46 

Repayment of long-term debt

   Financing      -  400   

Purchase of common shares

   Financing    111   - 

Dividends on common shares

   Financing      15  13      Financing    15  15 

Other

   Financing      16  15      Investing/Financing    47  16 
     476  788        683  476 

Foreign Exchange Gain (Loss) on Cash and Cash Equivalents Held in Foreign Currency

      1  9         (3 1 

Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents

         $(311     $(49)       $(286 $(311

Operating Activities

Cash from operating activities can be significantly impacted by fluctuations in commodity prices, operating costs, and changes in production volumes. In the first quarter of 2017, cash from operating activities2018 was $381 million and was primarily impacted bya reflection of recovering commodity prices, the Company’s efforts in maintaining cost efficiencies achieved in 2016, a current tax recoveryprevious years, changes in production volumes and changes innon-cash working capital. Additional detail on changes innon-cash working capital can be found in Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form10-Q. Encana expects it will continue to meet the payment terms of its suppliers.

Non-GAAP Cash Flow was $278 million in the first quarter of 20172018 was $400 million and was primarily impacted by the items affecting cash from operating activities which are discussed below and in the Results of Operations section of this MD&A.Non-GAAP Cash Flow excludes changes innon-cash working capital as disclosed in theNon-GAAP Measures section of this MD&A.

Three months ended March 31, 20172018 versus March 31, 20162017

Net cash from operating activities in the first quarter of 2017 decreased $512018 increased $275 million fromcompared to the first quarter of 20162017 primarily due to:

 

 · 

Realized losses on risk management includedChanges in revenues in the first quarter of 2017 compared tonon-cash working capital ($152 million), higher realized gains in 2016commodity prices ($201129 million), lower and higher production volumes ($9379 million) and changes innon-cash working capital ($219 million);.

partially offset by:

 

 · 

Higher realized commodity pricesA current tax expense in the first quarter of 2018 compared to a recovery in 2017 ($31242 million), lowerand higher transportation and processing expense ($57 million), lower operating expense and administrative expense, excludingnon-cash long-term incentive costs ($51 million), a current tax recovery in the first quarter of 2017 compared to an expense in 2016 ($42 million) and lower interest on long-term debt ($1537 million).

Investing Activities

Net cashCash used in investing activities in the first quarter of 20172018 was $387$516 million primarily due to capital expenditures. Capital expenditures in the first quarter of 2017totaled $508 million, which increased $40$109 million compared to the first quarter of 20162017 due to an increase in theEncana’s capital program for 2017. Capital expenditures in the Core Assets totaled $390 million, representing 98 percent of total capital expenditures, and increased $47 million compared to the first quarter of 2016,2018. This increase was primarily in Eagle FordMontney ($3094 million) and MontneyPermian ($2541 million). Capital expenditures exceeded cash from operating activities by $293$127 million and the difference was funded using cash on hand.

Divestitures in the first quarter of 2018 and 2017 were $19 million and $3 million, respectively, which primarily included the sale of certain properties that did not complement Encana’s existing portfolio of assets.

Acquisitions in the first quarter of 2018 and 2017 were $2 million and $46 million, respectively, which primarily included land purchases with oil and liquids rich potential.

Capital expenditures and acquisition and divestiture activity are summarized in Notes 3 and 48 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form10-Q.

On April 2, 2018, Encana announced an agreement with Keyera Partnership, a subsidiary of Keyera Corp., to sell the Company’s Pipestone liquids hub in Alberta. In conjunction with the sale, Keyera will own and construct a natural gas processing facility and provide Encana with processing services under a competitivefee-for-service arrangement in support of the Company’s liquids growth plans in Montney. The effective date of the agreement is March 1, 2018.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities in the first quarter of 2017 was $312018 increased $117 million compared to net cash from financing activities of $127 million in the first quarter of 2016.2017. The change was primarily due to the purchase of common shares under a net issuance of revolving long-term debt ($555 million)NCIB in the first quarter of 2016, partially offset by the repayment of long-term debt2018 ($400111 million) in the first quarter of 2016.as discussed below.

Encana’s long-term debt totaled $4,198 million at March 31, 20172018 and $4,197 million at December 31, 2016.2017. There was no current portion outstanding at March 31, 20172018 or December 31, 2016. At March 31, 2017,2017. Encana has no long-term debt maturities until May 2019 and, as at March 31, 2018, over 73 percent of the Company’s debt is not due until 2030 and beyond.

In March 2016, the Company completed tender offers (collectively, the “Tender Offers”) for certain of the Company’s outstanding senior notes (collectively, the “Notes”) and accepted for purchase $489 million aggregate principal amount of Notes. The Company paid an aggregate amount of $406 million, including accrued and unpaid interest of $6 million and an early tender premium of $14 million, which resulted in the recognition of a net gain on the early debt retirement of $89 million, before tax. The Company used cash on hand and borrowings under the Credit Facilities to fund the Tender Offers. Further information on the Tender Offers can be found in Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form10-Q.

The Company continues to have full access to the Credit Facilities, which remain committed through July 2020.2022. The Credit Facilities provide financial flexibility and allow the Company to fund its operations, development activities or capital program. At March 31, 2017,2018, Encana had no outstanding balance under the Credit Facilities.

Dividends

Encana pays quarterly dividends to shareholders at the discretion of the Board of Directors.

 

                  Three months ended March 31,                     Three months ended March 31, 
($ millions, except as indicated)              2017               2016    2018 2017   

Dividend Payments

          $15           $13    $15  $15   

Dividend Payments ($/share)

          $0.015           $0.015    $              0.015  $              0.015   

On May 1, 2017,April 30, 2018, the Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.015 per common share payable on June 30, 201729, 2018 to common shareholders of record as of June 15, 2017.2018.

Normal Course Issuer Bid

On February 26, 2018, Encana received approval from the TSX to commence a NCIB that enables the Company to purchase, for cancellation, up to 35 million common shares over a12-month period from February 28, 2018 to February 27, 2019. The number of shares authorized for purchase represents approximately 3.6 percent of Encana’s issued and outstanding common shares as at February 20, 2018. The Company has authorization from its Board to spend up to $400 million on the NCIB. In the first quarter of 2018, the Company purchased 10 million common shares for total consideration of approximately $111 million. The Company plans to fund the NCIB with cash on hand.

For additional information on NCIB, refer to Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form10-Q.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

For information onoff-balance sheet arrangements and transactions, refer to theOff-Balance Sheet Arrangements section of the MD&A included in Item 7 of the 20162017 Annual Report on Form10-K.

Commitments and Contingencies

For information on commitments and contingencies, refer to Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form10-Q.

 

Non-GAAP  Measures Measures

Certain measures in this document do not have any standardized meaning as prescribed by U.S. GAAP and, therefore, are considerednon-GAAP measures. These measures may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers and should not be viewed as a substitute for measures reported under U.S. GAAP. These measures are commonly used in the oil and gas industry and by Encana to provide shareholders and potential investors with additional information regarding the Company’s liquidity and its ability to generate funds to finance its operations.Non-GAAP measures include:Non-GAAP Cash Flow, CorporateNon-GAAP Cash Flow Margin, and Debt to Adjusted Capitalization.Capitalization and Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA. Management’s use of these measures is discussed further below.

Non-GAAP Cash Flow and CorporateNon-GAAP Cash Flow Margin

 

Non-GAAP Cash Flow is anon-GAAP measure defined as cash from (used in) operating activities excluding net change in other assets and liabilities, net change innon-cash working capital and current tax on sale of assets.

CorporateNon-GAAP Cash Flow Margin is anon-GAAP measure defined asNon-GAAP Cash Flow per BOE of production.

Management believes these measures are useful to the Company and its investors as a measure of operating and financial performance across periods and against other companies in the industry, and are an indication of the Company’s ability to generate cash to finance capital programs, to service debt and to meet other financial obligations. These measures are used, along with other measures, in the calculation of certain performance targets for the Company’s management and employees.

 

  Three Months Ended March 31,   Three months ended March 31, 
($ millions, except as indicated)                    2017                             2016     2018 2017   

Cash From (Used in) Operating Activities

       $                106      $                  157     $381  $106   

(Add back) deduct:

       

Net change in other assets and liabilities

   (12)     (4)     (11 (12)  

Net change innon-cash working capital

   (160)     59      (8 (160)  

Current tax on sale of assets

   -      -      -   -   

Non-GAAP Cash Flow

       $                278      $                  102     $400  $278   

Production Volumes (MMBOE)

   28.6      34.9      29.2  28.6   

Corporate Margin ($/BOE)

       $               9.72      $                 2.92   

Non-GAAP Cash Flow Margin ($/BOE) (1)

  $          13.70  $          9.72   

(1)

Non-GAAP Cash Flow Margin was previously presented as Corporate Margin.

Debt to Adjusted Capitalization

 

Debt to Adjusted Capitalization is anon-GAAP measure which adjusts capitalization for historical ceiling test impairments that were recorded as at December 31, 2011. Management monitors Debt to Adjusted Capitalization as a proxy for Encana’s financial covenant under the Credit Facilities which require debt to adjusted capitalization to be less than 60 percent. Adjusted Capitalization includes debt, total shareholders’ equity and an equity adjustment for cumulative historical ceiling test impairments recorded as at December 31, 2011 in conjunction with the Company’s January 1, 2012 adoption of U.S. GAAP.

 

($ millions, except as indicated)  March 31, 2017     December 31, 2016     March 31, 2018   December 31, 2017   

Debt

   $                4,198      $                4,198      $                  4,198    $                4,197   

Total Shareholders’ Equity

   6,525      6,126      6,776    6,728   

Equity Adjustment for Impairments at December 31, 2011

   7,746      7,746      7,746    7,746   

Adjusted Capitalization

   $              18,469      $              18,070      $                18,720    $              18,671   

Debt to Adjusted Capitalization

   23%      23%      22%    22%   

Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA

Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA is anon-GAAP measure whereby Net Debt is defined as long-term debt, including the current portion, less cash and cash equivalents and Adjusted EBITDA is defined as trailing12-month net earnings (loss) before income taxes, DD&A, impairments, accretion of asset retirement obligation, interest, unrealized gains/losses on risk management, foreign exchange gains/losses, gains/losses on divestitures and other gains/losses.

Management believes this measure is useful to the Company and its investors as a measure of financial leverage, the Company’s ability to service its debt and other financial obligations, and as a measure considered comparable to other companies in the industry. This measure is used, along with other measures, in the calculation of certain financial performance targets for the Company’s management and employees.

      ($ millions, except as indicated)  March 31, 2018  December 31, 2017   

Long-Term Debt, including current portion

   $                  4,198   $                4,197   

Less:

   

Cash and cash equivalents

   433   719   

Net Debt

   3,765   3,478   

Net Earnings (Loss)

   547   827   

Add back (deduct):

   

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

   921   833   

Impairments

   -   -   

Accretion of asset retirement obligation

   34   37   

Interest

   367   363   

Unrealized (gains) losses on risk management

   (148  (442)  

Foreign exchange (gain) loss, net

   (162  (279)  

(Gain) loss on divestitures, net

   (408  (404)  

Other (gains) losses, net

   (37  (42)  

Income tax expense (recovery)

   609   603   

Adjusted EBITDA

   $                1,723   $              1,496   

Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA (times)

   2.2   2.3   

Item 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The primary objective of the following information is to provide forward-looking quantitative and qualitative information about Encana’s potential exposure to market risks. The term “market risk” refers to the Company’s risk of loss arising from adverse changes in oil, NGL and natural gas oil and NGL prices, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. The following disclosures are not meant to be precise indicators of expected future losses but rather indicators of reasonably possible losses. The forward-looking information provides indicators of how the Company views and manages ongoing market risk exposures. The Company’s policy is to not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

COMMODITY PRICE RISK

Commodity price risk arises from the effect fluctuations in future commodity prices, including oil, NGLs and natural gas, oil and NGLs, may have on future revenues, expenses and cash flows. Realized pricing is primarily driven by the prevailing worldwide price for crude oil and spot market prices applicable to the Company’s natural gas production. Pricing for oil and natural gas production has been volatile and unpredictable as discussed in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of the 20162017 Annual Report on Form10-K. To partially mitigate exposure to commodity price risk, the Company may enter into various derivative financial instruments including futures, forwards, swaps, options and costless collars. The use of these derivative instruments is governed under formal policies and is subject to limits established by the Board of Directors and may vary from yeartime to year.time. Both exchange traded andover-the-counter traded derivative instruments may be subject to margin-deposit requirements, and the Company may be required from time to time to deposit cash or provide letters of credit with exchange brokers or counterparties to satisfy these margin requirements. For additional information relating to the Company’s derivative and financial instruments, see Note 19 under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on FormForm 10-Q.

The table below summarizes the sensitivity of the fair value of the Company’s risk management positions to fluctuations in commodity prices, with all other variables held constant. The Company has used a 10 percent variability to assess the potential impact of commodity price changes. Fluctuations in commodity prices could have resulted in unrealized gains (losses) impactingpre-tax net earnings as follows:

 

  March 31, 2017  March 31, 2018 
(US$ millions)  

                10% Price

Increase

   

                10% Price  

Decrease  

    

10% Price 

Increase 

   

10% Price 

Decrease 

 

Crude oil price

   $                    (303)           $                    293 

Natural gas price

      $(50)       $41        24    (31) 

Crude oil price

   (145)    143   

NGL price

   (6)    6   

FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK

Foreign exchange risk arises from changes in foreign exchange rates that may affect the fair value or future cash flows of the Company’s financial assets or liabilities. As Encana operates in Canada and the United States, fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. and Canadian dollars can have a significant effect on the Company’s reported results. Although Encana’s financial results are consolidated in Canadian dollars, the Company reports its results in U.S. dollars as most of its revenues are closely tied to the U.S. dollar and to facilitate a more direct comparison to other North American oil and gas companies.

The table below summarizes selected foreign exchange impacts on Encana’s financial results in the first quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

    $ millions   $/BOE   

Increase (Decrease) in:

    

Capital Investment

  $                            4   

Transportation and Processing Expense(1)

   6   $                            0.21   

Operating Expense(1)

   1    0.05   

Administrative Expense

   2    0.06   

Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(1)

   3    0.10   
(1)Reflects upstream operations.

Foreign exchange gains and losses also arise when monetary assets and monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated and settled, and primarily include:

 

 · 

U.S. dollar denominated financing debt issued from Canada

 · 

U.S. dollar denominated risk management assets and liabilities held in Canada

 · 

U.S. dollar denominated cash and short-term investments held in Canada

 · 

Foreign denominated intercompany loans

To partially mitigate the effect of foreign exchange fluctuations on future commodity revenues and expenses, the Company may enter into foreign currency derivative contracts. As at March 31, 2017,2018, Encana had $405has entered into $538 million notional U.S. dollar denominated currency swaps at an average exchange rate of US$0.75020.7606 to C$1. The notional contracts1, which mature monthly throughout 2017.through the remainder of 2018.

As at March 31, 2017,2018, Encana had $4.2 billion in U.S. dollar long-term debt and $296 million in U.S. dollar capital leases issued from Canada that waswere subject to foreign exchange exposure.

The table below summarizes the sensitivity to foreign exchange rate fluctuations, with all other variables held constant. The Company has used a 10 percent variability to assess the potential impact from Canadian to U.S. foreign currency exchange rate changes. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could have resulted in unrealized gains (losses) impactingpre-tax net earnings as follows:

 

                          March  31, 2017                                                        March 31, 2018                     
(US$ millions)          10% Rate
Increase
           10% Rate  
Decrease  
   

10% Rate

Increase

 

10% Rate

Decrease

 

Foreign currency exchange

      $(365)           $446         $(394 $482 

INTEREST RATE RISK

Interest rate risk arises from changes in market interest rates that may affect the fair value or future cash flows from the Company’s financial assets or liabilities. The Company may partially mitigate its exposure to interest rate changes by holding a mix of both fixed and floating rate debt and may also enter into interest rate derivatives to partially mitigate effects of fluctuations in market interest rates.

As at March 31, 2017,2018, the Company had no floating rate debt and there were no interest rate derivatives outstanding.

Item 4: Controls and Procedures

DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Encana’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed an evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules13a-15(e) and15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act, is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2017.2018.

CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

There were no changes in Encana’s internal control over financial reporting during the first quarter of 20172018 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Please refer to Item 3 of the 20162017 Annual Report on Form10-K and Note 21 of Encana’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form10-Q.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. Risk Factors in the 20162017 Annual Report on FormForm 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.Issuer Purchase of Equity Securities

On February 26, 2018, Encana announced it had received approval from the TSX to purchase, for cancellation, up to 35 million common shares pursuant to a normal course issuer bid (“NCIB”) over a12-month period from February 28, 2018 to February 27, 2019.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company purchased 10 million common shares for total consideration of approximately $111 million at a weighted average price of $11.11. The following table presents the common shares purchased during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

  Period 

Total Number of

Shares Purchased

  

Average

Price Paid

per Share (1)

  

Total Number of Shares

Purchased as Part of Publicly

Announced Plans or Programs

  

Maximum Number of Shares

That May Yet be Purchased

Under the Plans or Programs

 

  January 1 to January 31, 2018

  -  $-   -   - 

  February 1 to February 28, 2018

  -   -   -   35,000,000 

  March 1 to March 31, 2018

  10,000,000   11.11   10,000,000   25,000,000 
     

  Total

  10,000,000  $11.11   10,000,000   25,000,000 

(1) Includes commissions.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

 

Exhibit No

  

Description

31.1

10.1

  First Amending Agreement dated as of March  28, 2018, among Encana Corporation as borrower, the financial institutions party thereto as lenders and Royal Bank of Canada as agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Encana’s Current Report on Form8-K filed on March 29, 2018, SEC FileNo. 001-15226).

10.2

Successor Agent Agreement and Amendment No. 4 to the Credit Agreement dated as of March  28, 2018, among Alenco Inc. as borrower, the banks, financial institutions and other institutional lenders thereto as lenders, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., in its capacity as successor administrative agent, and Citibank, N.A., in its capacity as existing administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Encana’s Current Report on Form8-K filed on March 29, 2018, SEC FileNo. 001-15226).

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule13a-14(a) or15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

31.2

  Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule13a-14(a) or15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

32.1

  Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.

32.2

  Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.

101.INS

  XBRL Instance Document.

101.SCH

  XBRL Taxonomy Schema Document.

101.CAL

  XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF

  XBRL Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB

  XBRL Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE

  XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, hereuntothereunto duly authorized.

 

ENCANA CORPORATION
By: 

/s/ Sherri A. Brillon

 Name:Sherri A. Brillon
 Title:

Title: Executive Vice-Vice-President &

         President & Chief Financial Officer

Dated: May 4, 20173, 2018

 

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