UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

 

Form10-Q

 

 

(Mark One)

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019

OR

 

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission fileFile Number001-35066

 

 

IMAX Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Canada 98-0140269

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

2525 Speakman Drive,

Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5K 1B1

(905) 403-6500

 

902 Broadway, Floor 20

New York, New York, USA 10010

(212)821-0100

(Address of principal executive offices, zip code, telephone numbers)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of Each Class

 

Name of Exchange on Which Registered

Common Shares, no par value The New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

(Title of class)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of RegulationS-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, anon-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” inRule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer   Accelerated filer 
Non-accelerated filer   (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)  Smaller reporting company 
   Emerging growth company 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell Company (as defined inRule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

 

Class

  

Outstanding as of September 30, 2017

March 31, 2019

Common stock, no par value

  64,754,96161,290,683

 

 

 


IMAX CORPORATION

Table of Contents

 

     Page 
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION 

Item 1.

 

Financial Statements

   4 

Item 2.

 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   4840 

Item 3.

 

Quantitative and Qualitative Factors about Market Risk

   8264 

Item 4.

 

Controls and Procedures

   8365 
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1.

 

Legal Proceedings

   8466 

Item 1A.

 

Risk Factors

   8466

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

66

Item 5.

Other Information

66 

Item 6.

 

Exhibits

   8467 

Signatures

   8568 

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

Certain statements included in this quarterly report may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, references to future capital expenditures (including the amount and nature thereof), business and technology strategies and measures to implement strategies, competitive strengths, goals, expansion and growth of business, operations and technology, plans and references to the future success of IMAX Corporation together with its consolidated subsidiaries (the “Company”) and expectations regarding the Company’s future operating, financial and technological results. These forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions and analyses made by the Company in light of its experience and its perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors it believes are appropriate in the circumstances. However, whether actual results and developments will conform with the expectations and predictions of the Company is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, risks associated with investments and operations in foreign jurisdictions and any future international expansion, including those related to economic, political and regulatory policies of local governments and laws and policies of the United States and Canada; risks related to the Company’s growth and operations in China; the performance of IMAX DMR films; the signing of theater system agreements; conditions, changes and developments in the commercial exhibition industry; risks related to currency fluctuations; the potential impact of increased competition in the markets within which the Company operates; competitive actions by other companies; the failure to respond to change and advancements in digital technology; the Company’s largest customer accounting for a significant portion of the Company’s revenuerisks relating to recent consolidation among commercial exhibitors and backlog;studios; risks related to new business initiatives; conditions in thein-home andout-of-home entertainment industries; the opportunities (or lack thereof) that may be presented to and pursued by the Company; risks related to cyber-security;cyber-security and data privacy; risks related to the Company’s inability to protect the Company’s intellectual property; general economic, market or business conditions; the failure to convert theater system backlog into revenue; changes in laws or regulations; the failure to fully realize the projected cost savings and benefits from any of the Company’s restructuring initiative;initiatives; and other factors, many of which are beyond the control of the Company. Consequently, all of the forward-looking statements made in this quarterly report are qualified by these cautionary statements, and actual results or anticipated developments by the Company may not be realized, and even if substantially realized, may not have the expected consequences to, or effects on, the Company. The Company undertakes no obligation to update publicly or otherwise revise any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

 

 

IMAX®, IMAX® Dome, IMAX® 3D, IMAX® 3D Dome, Experience It In IMAX®,TheIMAXExperience®,AnIMAXExperience®,AnIMAX3D Experience®, IMAX DMR®, DMR®, IMAX nXos®, IMAX think big®, think big® and IMAX Is Believing®, are trademarks and trade names of the Company or its subsidiaries that are registered or otherwise protected under laws of various jurisdictions.

IMAX CORPORATION

IMAX CORPORATION

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item 1.

Financial Statements

 

   Page 

The following unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are filed as part of this Report:

  

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as at September  30, 2017March  31, 2019 and December 31, 20162018

   5 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 20162018

   6 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 20162018

   7 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the ninethree month periods ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 20162018

   8

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

9 

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

   910 

IMAX CORPORATION

IMAX CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands of U.S. dollars)

(Unaudited)

 

  September 30, December 31,   March 31, December 31, 
  2017 2016   2019 2018 

Assets

      

Cash and cash equivalents

  $157,708  $204,759   $123,084  $141,590 

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,356 (December 31, 2016 — $1,250)

   102,514  96,349 

Financing receivables

   123,510  122,125 

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $3,788 (December 31, 2018 — $3,174)

   93,913  93,309 

Financing receivables, net of allowance for uncollectible amounts

   125,915  127,432 

Variable consideration receivable from contracts

   36,657  35,985 

Inventories

   37,371  42,121    44,814  44,560 

Prepaid expenses

   10,217  6,626    10,757  10,294 

Film assets

   19,048  16,522    16,552  16,367 

Property, plant and equipment

   269,815  245,415    302,214  280,658 

Other assets

   22,957  33,195    36,596  19,019 

Deferred income taxes

   33,369  20,779    30,503  31,264 

Other intangible assets

   31,127  30,416    33,187  34,095 

Goodwill

   39,027  39,027    39,027  39,027 
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total assets

  $846,663  $857,334   $893,219  $873,600 
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Liabilities

      

Bank indebtedness

  $25,846  $27,316   $57,850  $37,753 

Accounts payable

   18,178  19,990    22,106  32,057 

Accrued and other liabilities

   89,781  93,208    99,360  97,724 

Deferred revenue

   120,770  90,266    106,328  106,709 
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total liabilities

   254,575   230,780    285,644   274,243 
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Commitments and contingencies

      

Non-controlling interests

   2,340   4,980    6,329   6,439 
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Shareholders’ equity

      

Capital stock common shares — no par value. Authorized — unlimited number. 64,892,201 issued and 64,754,961 outstanding (December 31, 2016 — 66,224,467 issued and 66,159,902 outstanding)

   445,466  439,213 

Less: Treasury stock, 137,240 shares at cost (December 31, 2016 — 64,565)

   (4,386 (1,939

Capital stock common shares — no par value. Authorized — unlimited number. 61,481,716 issued and 61,290,683 outstanding (December 31, 2018 — 61,478,168 issued and 61,433,589 outstanding)

   423,114  422,455 

Less: Treasury stock, 191,033 shares at cost (December 31, 2018 — 44,579)

   (4,207 (916

Other equity

   173,524  177,304    176,587  179,595 

Accumulated deficit

   (92,423 (47,366   (77,120 (85,385

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

   (1,846 (5,200   (2,562 (3,588
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total shareholders’ equity attributable to common shareholders

   520,335   562,012    515,812   512,161 

Non-controlling interests

   69,413  59,562    85,434  80,757 
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total shareholders’ equity

   589,748   621,574    601,246   592,918 
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

  $846,663  $857,334   $893,219  $873,600 
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

(the accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements)

IMAX CORPORATION

IMAX CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

  Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended   Three Months Ended 
  September 30, September 30,   March 31, 
  2017 2016 2017 2016   2019 2018 

Revenues

        

Equipment and product sales

  $30,714  $30,835  $63,593  $81,064   $15,200  $19,513 

Services

   49,817  37,195  133,264  122,853    44,147  44,746 

Rentals

   15,849  16,007  51,143  58,538    18,170  18,202 

Finance income

   2,420  2,288  7,214  6,991    2,681  2,523 

Other

   —    225   —    975 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 
   98,800   86,550   255,214   270,421    80,198   84,984 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Costs and expenses applicable to revenues

        

Equipment and product sales

   14,270  15,690  32,352  49,075    9,435  7,972 

Services

   37,763  20,393  79,678  58,517    19,243  20,351 

Rentals

   6,899  5,504  18,086  15,367    6,380  5,969 

Other

   —    64   —    110 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 
   58,932   41,651   130,116   123,069    35,058   34,292 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Gross margin

   39,868   44,899   125,098   147,352    45,140   50,692 

Selling, general and administrative expenses (including share-based compensation expense of $5.2 million and $16.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively (2016 — $7.7 million and $22.5 million, respectively))

   25,540  30,686  85,071  92,706 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   27,649  27,959 

Research and development

   4,626  4,460  14,638  11,603    1,136  3,592 

Asset impairments

   —    1,223  1,225  1,223 

Amortization of intangibles

   802  531  2,182  1,537    1,075  892 

Receivable provisions, net of recoveries

   963  275  2,088  631    431  451 

Impairment of investments

   —     —     —    194 

Exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments

   3,437   —    13,695   —      850  702 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Income from operations

   4,500   7,724   6,199   39,458    13,999   17,096 

Retirement benefitsnon-service expense

   (160 (124

Interest income

   253  370  761  1,217    570  247 

Interest expense

   (528 (469 (1,418 (1,325   (681 (494
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Income from operations before income taxes

   4,225   7,625   5,542   39,350    13,728   16,725 

Movements in fair value of financial instruments

   2,491   —   

Provision for income taxes

   (1,009 (2,551 (885 (9,635   (3,648 (4,453

Loss from equity-accounted investments, net of tax

   (318 (690 (837 (2,471   (84 (205
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Net income

   2,898   4,384   3,820   27,244    12,487   12,067 

Less: net income attributable tonon-controlling interests

   (3,748 (1,859 (6,307 (7,401   (4,222 (3,562
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Net (loss) income attributable to common shareholders

  $(850 $2,525  $(2,487 $19,843 

Net income attributable to common shareholders

  $8,265  $8,505 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Net (loss) income per share attributable to common shareholders - basic and diluted:

 

Net (loss) income per share — basic

  $(0.01 $0.04  $(0.04 $0.29 

Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - basic and diluted:

Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - basic and diluted:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Net (loss) income per share — diluted

  $(0.01 $0.04  $(0.04 $0.29 

Net income per share — basic and diluted

  $0.13  $0.13 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

(the accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements)

IMAX CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands of U.S. dollars)

(Unaudited)

 

  Three Months Ended 
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
   March 31, 
  2017 2016 2017 2016   2019 2018 

Net income

  $2,898  $4,384  $3,820  $27,244   $12,487  $12,067 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Unrealized net gain (loss) from cash flow hedging instruments

   1,366  (293 2,451  1,865    68  (1,007

Realization of cash flow hedging net (gain) loss upon settlement

   (717 572  (533 2,565 

Realization of cash flow hedging net loss (gain) upon settlement

   319  (220

Foreign currency translation adjustments

   1,080  (452 2,842  (1,849   1,085  2,052 

Amortization of postretirement benefit plan actuarial loss

   —    17   —    51 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax

   1,729   (156  4,760   2,632 

Income tax expense related to other comprehensive income (loss)

   (170 (77 (502 (1,166

Other comprehensive income, before tax

   1,472   825 

Income tax (expense) benefit related to other comprehensive income

   (101 321 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

   1,559  (233 4,258  1,466 

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

   1,371  1,146 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Comprehensive income

   4,457   4,151   8,078   28,710    13,858   13,213 

Less: Comprehensive income attributable tonon-controlling interests

   (4,092 (1,717 (7,211 (5,986   (4,567 (4,220
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Comprehensive income attributable to common shareholders

  $365  $2,434  $867  $22,724   $9,291  $8,993 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

(the accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements)

IMAX CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands of U.S. dollars)

(Unaudited)

 

  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
   Three Months Ended 
  2017 2016   March 31, 

Cash provided by (used in):

   
  2019 2018 

Cash (used in) provided by:

   

Operating Activities

      

Net income

  $3,820  $27,244   $12,487  $12,067 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash from operations:

      

Depreciation and amortization

   39,767  34,179    14,211  13,521 

Write-downs, net of recoveries

   25,620  2,903    697  1,036 

Change in deferred income taxes

   (5,145 (517   688  (465

Stock and othernon-cash compensation

   18,916  22,896    4,524  5,141 

Unrealized foreign currency exchange gain

   (863 (206

Unrealized foreign currency exchange (gain) loss

   (24 35 

Movement in fair value of financial instruments

   (2,491  —   

Loss from equity-accounted investments

   539  2,769    183  106 

Loss (gain) onnon-cash contribution to equity-accounted investees

   298  (298

(Gain) loss onnon-cash contribution to equity-accounted investees

   (99 99 

Investment in film assets

   (30,686 (14,162   (3,740 (6,259

Changes in othernon-cash operating assets and liabilities

   11,153  (29,504   (27,105 (9,818
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

   63,419   45,304 

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities

   (669  15,463 
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Investing Activities

      

Purchase of property, plant and equipment

   (16,356 (10,033   (2,237 (6,588

Investment in joint revenue sharing equipment

   (35,538 (25,524   (9,716 (4,810

Investment in new business ventures

   (1,500  —   

Acquisition of other intangible assets

   (3,939 (2,931   (540 (555

Investment in equity securities

   (15,153  —   
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

   (57,333  (38,488   (27,646  (11,953
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Financing Activities

      

Increase in bank indebtedness

   35,000   —   

Repayment of bank indebtedness

   (1,500 (1,500   (15,000 (500

Settlement of restricted share units and options

   (15,366 (8,376   (4,987 (173

Treasury stock purchased for future settlement of restricted share units

   (4,207 (5,992

Repurchase of subsidiary shares from anon-controlling interest

   (1,767  —   

Taxes withheld and paid on employee stock awards vested

   (219 (1,028

Common shares issued - stock options exercised

   14,419  7,196    803   —   

Treasury stock purchased for future settlement of restricted share units

   (4,386 (6

Taxes withheld and paid on employee stock awards vested

   (218 (230

Repurchase of common shares

   (46,138 (100,378   —    (13,396

Taxes paid on secondary sale and repatriation dividend

   —    (2,991

Issuance of subsidiary shares to anon-controlling interest

   —    4,449 
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Net cash used in financing activities

   (53,189  (106,285

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

   9,623   (16,640
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Effects of exchange rate changes on cash

   52  124    186  (16
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Decrease in cash and cash equivalents during period

   (47,051  (99,345   (18,506  (13,146

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

   204,759   317,449    141,590   158,725 
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

  $157,708  $218,104   $123,084  $145,579 
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

(the accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements)

IMAX CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands of U.S. dollars)

(Unaudited)

   Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 
   2019  2018 

Adjustments to capital stock:

   

Balance, beginning of period

  $421,539  $440,664 

Change in shares held in treasury

   (3,291  (859

Employee stock options exercised

   636   —   

Fair value of stock options exercised at the grant date

   23   —   

Average carrying value of repurchased and retired common shares

   —     (4,494
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, end of period

   418,907   435,311 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Adjustments to other equity:

   

Balance, beginning of period

   179,595   175,300 

Employee stock options granted

   2,106   1,429 

Paid-in-capital for restricted share units granted

   2,411   3,398 

Paid-in-capital for restricted share units vested

   (5,902  (6,261

Cash received from the issuance of common shares in excess of par value

   167   —   

Fair value of stock options exercised at the grant date

   (23  —   

Repurchase of subsidiary shares from anon-controlling interest

   (1,767  —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, end of period

   176,587   173,866 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Adjustments to accumulated deficit:

   

Balance, beginning of period

   (85,385  (87,592

Retrospective adoption of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers

   —     27,571 

Net income attributable to common shareholders

   8,265   8,505 

Common shares repurchased and retired

   —     (8,902
  

 

��

  

 

 

 

Balance, end of period

   (77,120  (60,418
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Adjustments to accumulated other comprehensive loss:

   

Balance, beginning of period

   (3,588  (626

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

   1,026   488 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, end of period

   (2,562  (138
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Adjustments tonon-controlling interests:

   

Balance, beginning of period

   80,757   74,511 

Retrospective adoption of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers

   —     377 

Net income attributable tonon-controlling interests

   4,332   3,893 

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

   345   658 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, end of period

   85,434   79,439 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total Shareholders’ Equity

  $601,246  $628,060 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements)

IMAX CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

 

1.

Basis of Presentation

IMAX Corporation, together with its consolidated subsidiaries (the “Company”), prepares its financial statements in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”).

TheThese condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, together with its consolidated subsidiaries, except for subsidiaries which the Company has identified as variable interest entities (“VIEs”) where the Company is not the primary beneficiary. The nature of the Company’s business is such that the results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the fiscal year. In the opinion of management, the information contained herein reflects all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to make the results of operations for the interim periods a fair statement of such operations.

The Company has evaluated its various variable interests to determine whether they are VIEs as required by the Consolidation Topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC” or “Codification”).

The Company has nineten film production companies that are VIEs. For fourfive of the Company’s film production companies, the Company has determined that it is the primary beneficiary of these entities as the Company has the power to direct the activities of the respective VIE that most significantly impact the respective VIE’s economic performance and has the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the respective VIE or the right to receive benefits from the respective VIE that could potentially be significant to the respective VIE. The majority of these consolidated assets are held by the IMAX Original Film Fund (the “Original Film Fund”) as described in note 17(b)16(b). For the other five film production companies which are VIEs, the Company diddoes not consolidate these film entities since it does not have the power to direct activities and does not absorb the majority of the expected losses or expected residual returns. The Company used the equity accountsmethod of accounting for these entities. A loss in value of an investment other than a temporary decline is recognized as a charge to the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Total assets and liabilities of the Company’s consolidated VIEs are as follows:

 

  March 31,   December 31, 
  September 30,
2017
   December 31,
2016
   2019   2018 

Total assets

  $5,420   $10,346   $11,783   $12,203 

Total liabilities

  $6,549   $6,368   $14,493   $11,573 

Total assets and liabilities of the VIE entities which the Company does not consolidate are as follows:

 

   September 30,
2017
   December 31,
2016
 

Total assets

  $443   $444 

Total liabilities

  $386   $363 

The Company’s exposure, which is determined based on the level of funding contributed by the Company and the development stage of the respective film, is $nil at September 30, 2017 (December 31, 2016 — $nil).

   March 31,   December 31, 
   2019   2018 

Total assets

  $     447   $     447 

Total liabilities

  $     368   $     362 

The Company accounts for investments in new business ventures using the guidance of the FASB ASC 323 “Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures” (“ASC 323”) or ASC 320 “Investments in Debt and Equity Securities” (“ASC 320”), as appropriate.

All intercompany accounts and transactions, including all unrealized intercompany profits on transactions with equity-accounted investees, have been eliminated.

Theyear-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP.

These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s 20162018 Annual Report onForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162018 (“the 20162018Form 10-K”) which should be consulted for a summary of the significant accounting policies utilized by the Company. These interim financial statements are

prepared following accounting policies consistent with the Company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016,2018, except as noted below. Certain prior period information has been revised to reflect the current period information.

 

2.

New Accounting Standards and Accounting Changes

Adoption of New Accounting Policies

The Company adopted several standards including the following material standards on January 1, 2017,2019, which are effective for annual periods ending after December 31, 2016,2018, and for annual and interim periods thereafter.

In July 2015,2016, the FASB issued ASU2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASC Topic 842”). The Company adopted2016-02 and several associated ASUs on January 1, 2019. See note 3 for a further discussion of the Company’s adoption of ASC Topic 842.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2015-11,2017-04, “Inventory“Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 330)350): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory”Test for Goodwill Impairment” (“ASU2015-11”2017-04”). The purpose of the amendment is to more closely align the measurement of inventory in U.S. GAAP with the measurement of inventory in International Financial Reporting Standards. Under the ASU inventory is measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The clarifications are not intended to result in any changes in practice and to reduce the complexity in guidance on the subsequent measurement of inventory. This standard only applies to inventory being measured using thefirst-in,first-out or average cost methods of accounting for inventory. The adoption of ASU2015-11this standard will be applied prospectively and did not have ana material impact toon the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016,December 2017, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2016-05,2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Effect of Derivative Contract Novations on Existing HedgeTargeted Improvements to Accounting Relationships”for Hedging Activities” (“ASU2016-05”2017-12”). The amendments in ASU2016-05 apply to all reporting entities for which there is a change in the counterparty to a derivative instrument that has been designated as a hedging instrument under Topic 815. The amendments clarify that a change in the counterparty to a derivative instrument that has been designated as the hedging instrument under Topic 815 does not, in and of itself, requirede-designation of that hedging relationship provided that all other hedge accounting criteria (including those in paragraphs815-20-35-14 through35-18) continue to be met. The adoption of this ASU2016-05standard will be applied prospectively and did not have an impact toon the Company, see note 15(d) for additional disclosure regarding the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.hedging arrangements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2016-07, “Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting” (“ASU2016-07”). The purpose of the amendment is to eliminate the requirement that when an investment qualifies for use of the equity method as a result of an increase in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence, an investor must adjust the investment, results of operations, and retained earnings retroactively on astep-by step basis as if the equity method had been in effect during all previous periods that the investment had been held. The adoption of ASU2016-07 did not have an impact to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2016-16, “Income Taxes (Topic 740)”. The purpose of ASU2016-16 is to eliminate the exception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory. The amendments require the recognition of the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs. The Company elected to early adopt ASU2016-16 during the first quarter of 2017. The impact from the adoption was reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements on a modified retrospective basis resulting in an increase to Accumulated deficit of $8.3 million, a decrease to Other assets of $14.8 million, an increase to Deferred taxes of $7.9 million and an increase to Accrued and other liabilities of $1.4 million.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2016-17, “Consolidation (Topic 810)”. The purpose of ASU2016-17 is to update the requirement of the reporting entity, in determining whether it satisfies the second characteristic of a primary beneficiary, to include all of its direct variable interests in a VIE and, on a proportionate basis, its indirect variable interests in a VIE held through related parties, including related parties that are under common control with the reporting entity. The adoption of ASU2016-17 did not have an impact to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued FASB Accounting Standard Codification Updates

In February 2016,March 2019, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2016-02,2019-02, “Leases (Topic 842)“Entertainment—Films—Other Assets—Film Costs (Subtopic926-20) and Entertainment—Broadcasters—Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Subtopic920-350) (“ASU2016-02”2019-02”). The purpose of the amendmentASU2019-02 is to help investors and other financial statement users better understandalign the amount, timing, and uncertaintyaccounting for production costs of cash flows arising from leases. New disclosures will include qualitative and quantitative requirementsan episodic television series with the accounting for production costs of films by removing the content distinction for capitalization, as well as requiring an entity to provide additional information aboutreassess estimates of the amounts recordeduse of a film in the financial statements. Lessor accounting will remain largely unchanged from current guidance; however,a film group. In addition, ASU2016-022019-02 will provide improvements that are intendedrequire an entity to align lessor accountingtest for impairment at a film group level if it is predominantly monetized with the lessee modelother films. Amendments in this update would be applied prospectively, and with updated revenue recognition guidance. Forfor public entities, the amendments in ASU2016-022019-02 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. As a lessor,2019. The Company is currently assessing the Company has a significant portion of its revenue derived from leases, including its joint revenue sharing arrangements, and while the lessor accounting model is not fundamentally different, the Company continues to evaluate the effect of the standard on this revenue stream.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations” (“ASU2016-08”). The purposeimpact of ASU2016-082019-02 is to clarify the implementation of guidance on principal versus agent considerations.

In April 2016, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing” (“ASU2016-10”). The purpose of ASU2016-10 is to provide more detailed guidance in the following key areas: identifying performance obligations and licenses of intellectual property.

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2016-11, to rescind from the FASB Accounting Standards Codification certain SEC paragraphs as a result of two SEC Staff Announcements at the March 3, 2016 meeting.

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2016-12, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients” (“ASU2016-12”). The purpose of ASU2016-12 is to clarify certain narrow aspects of Topic 606 such as assessing the collectibility criterion, presentation of sales taxes and other similar taxes collected from customers, noncash consideration, contract modifications at transition, completed contracts at transition, and technical corrections.

In December 2016, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2016-20, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. The amendments in ASU2016-20 represent changes to clarify the accounting standard codification, correct unintended application of guidance, or make minor improvements to the accounting standards codification that are related to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

For public companies, ASU2016-08, ASU2016-10, ASU2016-11, ASU2016-12 and ASU2016-20, which are all related to Topic 606, are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company has performed an analysis of its contracts to determine those in scope of the standard, has performed detailed analyses of those contracts and identified its performance obligations. At this time, the Company does not believe its future distinct performance obligations will be significantly different from its current deliverables, including its existing system deliverable. The Company has also determined that its revenues from the DigitalRe-mastering (“DMR”) of films, theater system hybrid sales and sales contracts will be impacted to varying degrees by the inclusion of variable consideration in the calculation of contract consideration. Revenues from film distribution are expected to use the sales-based royalty model of revenue recognition and as a result, the Company does not expect a significant difference from the current revenue recognition methodology. Revenue recognition practices for aftermarket sales, new business and owned and operated theaters are not expected to change. Hybrid sales revenues will increase by an estimated amount of variable consideration earned from gross box office over the term of the arrangement, appropriately constrained on account of the extent of time until resolution of the contingency. Sales contract consideration will also increase by a component of variable consideration for consumer price index increases and gross box office returns, though the Company does not expect the number to be significant to any one contract. The Company currently intends to adopt the new standard using the modified retrospective method and continues to make considerable progress in gathering historical information on its contracts in preparation applying the opening adjustment and for preparing the standard’s expanded disclosure requirements.condensed consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU2016-13”). The purpose of ASU2016-13 is to require a financial asset measured on the amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. Credit losses relating toavailable-for-sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. For public entities, the amendments in ASU2016-13 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU2016-13 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business” (“ASU2017-01”). The purpose of the amendment is to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. For public entities, the amendments in ASU2017-01 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU2017-01 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” (“ASU2017-04”). The purpose of the amendment is to simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. For public entities, the amendments in ASU2017-04 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU2017-04 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2017-07, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost” (“ASU2017-07”). The amendment requires the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost be presented in the same income statement line item as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period and other components of the net periodic benefit cost be presented separately from the line item that includes the service cost and outside of any subtotal of operating income. For public entities, the amendments in ASU2017-07 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU2017-07 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2017-09, “Compensation - Stock compensation (Topic 718): Scope of modification accounting” (“ASU2017-09”). The purpose of the amendment is to clarify which changes to the terms or condition of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. For all entities that offer share based payment awards, ASU2017-09 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU2017-09 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)”. The purpose of the amendment is to better align the results of cash flow and fair value hedge accounting with risk management activities through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results in the financial statements. For public entities, the amendments in ASU2017-12 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU2017-12 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all recently issued FASB accounting standard codification updates. Accounting standards updates that are not noted above were assessed and determined to be not applicable or not significant to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements for the period ended September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019.

3.

Adoption of ASC Topic 842, Leases, effective January 1, 2019

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC Topic 842 “Leases”. The standard was issued to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases.

As a lessee, the adoption of the standard resulted in the Company recording a net increase to net lease assets and lease liabilities of approximately $17.5 million as at January 1, 2019. The grossright-of-use assets and lease liabilities amounted to $20.0 million, while prepaid expenses of less than $0.1 million and unamortized lease inducements and other accruals of $2.5 million were reclassed from accrued liabilities to offset the applicableright-of-use asset. The Company mainly leases office and warehouse storage space. Office equipment is generally purchased outright. Adoption of ASC Topic 842 did not change the lease classification of its leases. The leases continue to be classified as operating leases similar to the guidance under ASC Topic 840. The adoption of ASC Topic 842 did not materially impact the Company’s net earnings and had no impact on cash flows.

As a lessor, a number of the Company’s leases of IMAX theater systems are classified as sales-type leases. The accounting treatment of its lease arrangements for IMAX theater systems has not changed under Topic ASC 842 as compared to guidance under ASC Topic 840, as the Company has very few sales-type leases with variable consideration tied to an index.

The Company adopted ASC Topic 842, utilizing the modified retrospective transition method, which allowed the Company to adopt the standard as of the date of initial application. Prior year comparative amounts are not required to be restated and are presented in accordance with ASC Topic 840, “Leases” or other applicable standards effective prior to January 1, 2019. The Company has elected the ‘package of practical expedients’ permitted under the transition guidance within ASC Topic 842, which permits the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification and not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases. In addition, the Company is not required to reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company did not elect the land easements and the use of hindsight practical expedients in determining the lease term for existing leases. ASC Topic 842 also provides practical expedients for an entity’s ongoing accounting. The Company has elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify. As a result, for those leases with a term of less than 12 months, it will not recognizeright-of-use assets or lease liabilities. The Company also elected the practical expedient to not separate lease andnon-lease components for all of its leases regardless of whether the Company is the lessee or a lessor to the lease.

The following table presents the impact from the adoption of ASC Topic 842 on the Company’s assets and liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet:

   Balance at       Balance at 
   December 31,   ASC Topic 842   January 1, 
   2018   Adjustments   2019 

Assets

      

Property, plant and equipment

  $280,658   $17,462   $298,120 

Prepaid expenses

   10,294    (36   10,258 

Liabilities

      

Accrued and other liabilities

   97,724    17,426    115,150 

4.

Lease Arrangements and Financing Receivables

IMAX Corporation as a Lessor:

A number of the Company’s leases are classified as sales-type leases for transactions related to the lease of IMAX theater systems. Certain arrangements that are legal sales are also classified as sales-type leases as certain clauses within the arrangements limit transfer of title or provide the Company with conditional rights to the system. The customer’s rights under the Company’s lease arrangements are described in note 2(m) in the Company’s 2018 Form10-K. The Company classifies its lease arrangements at inception of the arrangement and, if required, after a modification of the lease arrangement, to determine whether they are sales-type leases or operating leases. Under the Company’s lease arrangements, the customer has the ability and the right to operate the hardware components or direct others to operate them in a manner determined by the customer. The Company’s lease portfolio terms aretypically non-cancellable for 10 to 20 years with renewal provisions from inception. Except for those sales arrangements that are classified as sales-type leases, the Company’s leases generally do not contain an automatic transfer of title at the end of the lease term. The Company’s lease arrangements do not contain a guarantee of residual value at the end of the lease term. The customer is required to pay for executory costs such as insurance and taxes and is required to pay the Company for maintenance and extended warranty generally after the first year of the lease until the end of the lease term. The customer is responsible for obtaining insurance coverage for the theater systems commencing on the date specified in the arrangement’s shipping terms and ending on the date the theater systems are delivered back to the Company.

The Company has assessed the nature of its joint revenue sharing arrangements and concluded that, based on the guidance in the Revenue Recognition Topic of the ASC, the arrangements contain a lease. Under joint revenue sharing arrangements, the customer has the ability and the right to operate the hardware components or direct others to operate them in a manner determined by the customer. The Company’s joint revenue sharing arrangements aretypically non-cancellable for 10 years or longer with renewal provisions. Title to equipment under joint revenue sharing arrangements does not transfer to the customer. The Company’s joint revenue sharing arrangements do not contain a guarantee of residual value at the end of the term. The customer is required to pay for executory costs such as insurance and taxes and is required to pay the Company for maintenance and extended warranty throughout the term. The customer is responsible for obtaining insurance coverage for the theater systems commencing on the date specified in the arrangement’s shipping terms and ending on the date the theater systems are delivered back to the Company. See additional details regarding the Company’s traditional and hybrid joint revenue sharing arrangements as described in note 2(m) in the Company’s 2018 Form10-K.

Financing receivables, consisting of net investment in sales-type leases and receivables from financed sales of theater systems are as follows:

 

  September 30,   December 31,   March 31,   December 31, 
  2017   2016   2019   2018 

Gross minimum lease payments receivable

  $7,267   $10,466   $9,776   $10,499 

Unearned finance income

   (693   (1,710   (793   (902
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Minimum lease payments receivable

   6,574    8,756    8,983    9,597 

Accumulated allowance for uncollectible amounts

   (321   (672   (155   (155
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Net investment in leases

   6,253    8,084    8,828    9,442 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Gross financed sales receivables

   156,796    154,301    153,139    155,044 

Unearned finance income

   (38,617   (39,766   (35,213   (36,215
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Financed sales receivables

   118,179    114,535    117,926    118,829 

Accumulated allowance for uncollectible amounts

   (922   (494   (839   (839
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Net financed sales receivables

   117,257    114,041    117,087    117,990 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total financing receivables

  $123,510   $122,125   $125,915   $127,432 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Net financed sales receivables due within one year

  $30,646   $21,980   $27,836   $26,911 

Net financed sales receivables due after one year

  $86,611   $92,061   $89,251   $91,079 

As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the financed sale receivables had a weighted average effective interest rate of 9.1%9.0% (December 31, 20162018 — 9.3%9.1%). As at March 31, 2019, sales-type lease arrangements had a weighted average effective interest rate of 7.9% and weighted average remaining lease term of 7.2 years (December 31, 2018 — 8.0% and 7.3 years, respectively).

IMAX Corporation as a Lessee:

The Company mainly leases office and warehouse storage space and office equipment is generally purchased outright. Leases with an initial term of less than 12 months are not recorded on the balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Most leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one to 5 years or more. The Company assumed that it was reasonably certain that the renewal options on its warehouse leases would be exercised, based on previous history and knowledge, current understanding of future business needs and level of investment in leasehold improvements among other considerations. The incremental borrowing rate used in the calculation of the lease liability is based on the location of each leased property. None of the Company’s leases include options to purchase the leased property. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The Company rents or subleases certain office space to third parties, which have a remaining term of less than 12 months and are not expected to be renewed.

The components of lease expense are as follows:

      Three Months Ended March 31, 
      2019   2018 

Operating lease cost(1)

  SG&A Expenses  $243   $1,155 

Amortization of lease assets

  SG&A Expenses   531    —   

Interest on lease liabilities

  SG&A Expenses   268    —   
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total lease cost

    $1,042   $1,155 
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

4.(1)Inventories

Includes short-term leases and variable lease costs, which are not significant for the three months ended, March 31, 2019.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases are as follows:

      March 31,   January 1, 
      2019   2019 

Assets

      

Operating Leases

  Property, plant and equipment  $16,991   $17,462 

Liabilities

      

Operating Leases(1)

  Accrued and other liabilities  $19,460   $19,960 

(1)

The Company recorded lease liabilities of approximately $20.0 million as at January 1, 2019 upon initial adoption of ASC Topic 842. In addition, unamortized lease inducements and other accruals of $2.5 million were reclassed from accrued liabilities to offset against the applicableright-of-use asset.

 

   September 30,   December 31, 
   2017   2016 

Raw materials

  $22,971   $28,000 

Work-in-process

   3,301    3,818 

Finished goods

   11,099    10,303 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $37,371   $42,121 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   March 31,  January 1, 
   2019  2019 

Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)

   

Operating Leases

   8.1   8.3 

Weighted-average discount rate

   

Operating Leases

   5.80  5.80

Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:

   Operating Leases 

2019 (nine months remaining)

  $2,739 

2020

   3,451 

2021

   3,047 

2022

   2,283 

2023

   2,175 

Thereafter

   11,310 
  

 

 

 

Total lease payments

  $25,005 

Less: interest expense

   (5,545
  

 

 

 

Present value of lease liabilities

  $19,460 
  

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2018, under ASC Topic 840, minimum lease payments undernon-cancelable operating leases by period were expected to be as follows:

   Operating Leases 

2019

  $3,847 

2020

   2,790 

2021

   2,491 

2022

   1,843 

2023

   1,759 

Thereafter

   9,657 
  

 

 

 

Total lease payments

  $22,387 
  

 

 

 

5.

Inventories

   March 31,   December 31, 
   2019   2018 

Raw materials

  $29,074   $29,705 

Work-in-process

   4,082    4,733 

Finished goods

   11,658    10,122 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $44,814   $44,560 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

At September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, finished goods inventory for which title had passed to the customer and revenue was deferred amounted to $9.7$2.7 million (December 31, 20162018 — $2.3$1.9 million).

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognizedThere were no write-downs for excess and obsolete inventory based uponon current estimates of net realizable value considering future events and conditions, of $0.3 million, respectively (2016 — recovery of less than $0.1 million and an expense of $0.2 million, respectively).

5.Film Assets

   September 30,   December 31, 
   2017   2016 

Completed and released films, net of accumulated amortization

  $4,659   $10,643 

Films in production

   30    325 

Episodic assets

   11,774    —   

Films in development

   2,585    5,554 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $19,048   $16,522 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The Company expects to amortize episodic costs of $11.8 million for a television series within the next three months.

The Company recognized an impairment on its episodic content assets, in its new business segment, of $11.1 million forduring the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, as a result of lower than anticipated revenue generated for the television series’ first season.March 31, 2019 and 2018.

6.Property Plant and Equipment

   As at September 30, 2017 
       Accumulated   Net Book 
   Cost   Depreciation   Value 

Equipment leased or held for use

      

Theater system components

  $250,642   $101,512   $149,130 

Camera equipment

   6,016    4,059    1,957 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   256,658    105,571    151,087 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Assets under construction

   28,427    —      28,427 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other property, plant and equipment

      

Land

   8,203    —      8,203 

Buildings

   73,593    16,711    56,882 

Office and production equipment

   42,546    25,842    16,704 

Leasehold improvements

   11,692    3,180    8,512 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   136,034    45,733    90,301 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $421,119   $151,304   $269,815 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   As at December 31, 2016 
       Accumulated   Net Book 
   Cost   Depreciation   Value 

Equipment leased or held for use

      

Theater system components

  $224,890   $89,218   $135,672 

Camera equipment

   5,739    3,732    2,007 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   230,629    92,950    137,679 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Assets under construction

   18,315    —      18,315 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other property, plant and equipment

      

Land

   8,203    —      8,203 

Buildings

   69,861    14,877    54,984 

Office and production equipment

   41,128    21,935    19,193 

Leasehold improvements

   10,067    3,026    7,041 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   129,259    39,838    89,421 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $378,203   $132,788   $245,415 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

7.Other Intangible Assets

   As at September 30, 2017 
       Accumulated   Net Book 
   Cost   Amortization   Value 

Patents and trademarks

  $11,980   $7,570   $4,410 

Licenses and intellectual property

   22,590    8,595    13,995 

Other

   18,531    5,809    12,722 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $53,101   $21,974   $31,127 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   As at December 31, 2016 
       Accumulated   Net Book 
   Cost   Amortization   Value 

Patents and trademarks

  $11,395   $7,046   $4,349 

Licenses and intellectual property

   22,490    7,620    14,870 

Other

   15,352    4,155    11,197 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $49,237   $18,821   $30,416 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other intangible assets of $18.5 million are comprised mainly of the Company’s investment in an enterprise resource planning system. Fully amortized other intangible assets of $5.9 million are still in use by the Company.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company acquired $3.9 million in other intangible assets. The weighted average amortization period for these additions was 10 years.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company incurred costs of less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively to renew or extend the term of acquired other intangible assets which were recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses (2016 – less than $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively).

As at September 30, 2017, estimated amortization expense for each of the years ended December 31, are as follows:

2017 (three months remaining)

  $1,126 

2018

   4,505 

2019

   4,505 

2020

   4,505 

2021

   4,505 

8.Credit Facility and Playa Vista LoanOther Financing Arrangements

The Company maintains a senior secured credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with a maximum borrowing capacity of $200.0 million and a scheduled maturity of March 3, 2020. The Credit Facility is collateralized by a first priority security interest in substantially all of the present and future assets of

On June 28, 2018, the Company and the Guarantors. Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries serve as guarantors (the “Guarantors”) of the Company’s obligations under the Credit Facility.

The terms of the Credit Facility are set forth in the Fourthentered into a Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (as amended, the(the “Credit Agreement”), dated March 3, 2015, among the Company, the Guarantors, the lenders named therein, with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“Wells Fargo”), as agent, and issuing lender (Wells Fargo, together witha syndicate of lenders party thereto. The Credit Agreement expands the lenders named therein,Company’s revolving borrowing capacity from $200.0 million to $300.0 million, and also contains an uncommitted accordion feature allowing the “Lenders”Company to further expand its borrowing capacity to $440.0 million or greater, depending on the mix of revolving and term loans comprising the incremental facility. The new facility (the “Credit Facility”) matures on June 28, 2023.

Loans under the Credit Facility will bear interest, at the Company’s option, at (i) LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.00% to 1.75% per annum; or (ii) the U.S. base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.00% per annum, in each case depending on the Company’s Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement).

The Credit Agreement provides that the Company is required to maintain a Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) as of the last day of any Fiscal Quarter (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of no greater than 3.25:1.00. In addition, the Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as Sole Lead Arrangernegative covenants for a transaction of this type, including covenants that limit indebtedness, liens, capital expenditures, asset sales, investments and Sole Bookrunnerrestricted payments, in each case subject to negotiated exceptions and baskets. The Credit Agreement also contains representations, warranties and event of default provisions customary for a transaction of this type.

The Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain of the Company’s subsidiaries (the “Guarantors”), and are secured by first-priority security interests in various collateral and security documents entered into bysubstantially all the assets of the Company and the Guarantors. Each of the Guarantors has also entered into a guarantee in respect of the Company’s obligations under the Credit Facility. On February 22, 2016, the Company amended the terms of the Credit Agreement to increase the general restricted payment basket thereunder (which covers, among other things, the repurchase of shares) from $150.0 million to $350.0 million in the aggregate after the amendment date.

The Company was in compliance with all of its requirements at September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019.

Total amounts drawn and available under the Credit Facility at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 were $nil$60.0 million and $200.0$240.0 million, respectively (December 31, 20162018$nil$40.0 million and $200.0$260.0 million, respectively). The effective interest rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was 3.57% (2018 — n/a).

As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company did not have any letters of credit and advance payment guarantees outstanding (December 31, 20162018 — $nil), under the Credit Facility.

Playa Vista FinancingWorking Capital Loan

On July 5, 2018, IMAX PV Development Inc.(Shanghai) Multimedia Technology Co., a Delaware corporationLtd. (“PV Borrower”) and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a loan agreement with Wells Fargo. The loan (the “Playa Vista Loan”) was used to principally fund the costs of development and construction of the West Coast headquarters of the Company, located in the Playa Vista neighborhood of Los Angeles, California (the “Playa Vista Project”).

In connection with the Playa Vista Project, the Playa Vista Loan was fully drawn at $30.0 million and bears interest at a variable rate per annum equal to 2.0% above the30-day LIBOR rate. PV Borrower is required to make monthly payments of combined principal and interest over a10-year term with a lump sum payment at the end of year 10. The Playa Vista Loan is being amortized over 15 years. The Playa Vista Loan will be fully due and payable on October 19, 2025 (the “Maturity Date”IMAX Shanghai”), and may be prepaid at any time without premium, but with all accrued interest and other applicable payments.

The Playa Vista Loan is secured by a deed of trust from PV Borrower in favor of Wells Fargo and other documents evidencing and securing the loan (the “Loan Documents”), granting a first lien on and security interest in the Playa Vista property and the Playa Vista Project, including all improvements to be constructed thereon. The Loan Documents include absolute and unconditional payment and completion guarantees provided by the Company to Wells Fargo for the performance by PV Borrower of all the terms and provisions of the Playa Vista Loan.

The Loan Documents contain affirmative, negative and financial covenants (including compliance with the financial covenantsone of the Company’s outstanding Credit Facility), agreements, representations, warranties, borrowing conditions,majority-owned subsidiaries in China, entered into an unsecured revolving facility for up to 200.0 million Renminbi (approximately $30.0 million U.S. Dollars) to fund ongoing working capital requirements. The total amounts drawn and events of default customary for development projects such asavailable under the Playa Vista Project.working capital loan at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were nil and 200.0 million Renminbi, respectively ($nil and approximately $30.0 million U.S. Dollars, respectively).

Bank indebtedness includes the following:

 

   September 30,   December 31, 
   2017   2016 

Playa Vista Loan

  $26,167   $27,667 

Deferred charges on debt financing

   (321   (351
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $25,846   $27,316 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total amounts drawn under the loan at September 30, 2017 was $26.2 million (December 31, 2016 — $27.7 million). The effective interest rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was 3.26% and 3.06%, respectively (2016 — 2.51% and 2.46%, respectively).

In accordance with the loan agreement, the Company is obligated to make payments on the principal of the loan as follows:

2017 (three months remaining)

  $500 

2018

   2,000 

2019

   2,000 

2020

   2,000 

2021

   2,000 

Thereafter

   17,667 
  

 

 

 
  $26,167 
  

 

 

 
   March 31,   December 31, 
   2019   2018 

Credit Facility

  $60,000   $40,000 

Deferred charges on debt financing

   (2,150   (2,247
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $57,850   $37,753 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Wells Fargo Foreign Exchange Facility

Within the Credit Facility, the Company is able to purchase foreign currency forward contracts and/or other swap arrangements. There is noThe net settlement risk on its foreign currency forward contracts was $0.8 million at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, as the fairnotional value exceeded the notionalfair value of the forward contracts. As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company has $35.1$43.9 million in notional value of such arrangements outstanding.

Bank of Montreal Facility

As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company hashad available a $10.0 million facility (December 31, 20162018 — $10.0 million) with the Bank of Montreal for use solely in conjunction with the issuance of performance guarantees and letters of credit fully insured by Export Development Canada (the “Bank of Montreal Facility”). TheAs at March 31, 2019, the Company did not have any letters of credit and advance payment guarantees outstanding as at September 30, 2017 (December 31, 20162018$0.1 million)$nil) under the Bank of Montreal Facility.

9.7.

Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

Commitments

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into contractual agreements with third parties that includenon-cancelablenon-cancellable payment obligations, for which it is liable in future periods. These arrangements can include terms binding the Company to minimum payments and/or penalties if it terminates the agreement for any reason other than an event of default as described by the agreement.

The Company has a minimum commitment of $50.2 million toward the development, production, post-production and marketing related to certain film and new content initiatives. As of September 30, 2017, the Company has spent $35.1 million, and expects to spend $4.4 million during the remainder of the year.

Contingencies and guarantees

The Company is involved in lawsuits, claims, and proceedings, including those identified below, which arise in the ordinary course of business. In accordance with the Contingencies Topic of the FASB ASC, (“FASB ASC Topic 450”), the Company will make a provision for a liability when it is both probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company believes it has adequate provisions for any such matters. The Company reviews these provisions in conjunction with any related provisions on assets related to the claims at least quarterly and adjusts these provisions to reflect the impacts of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other pertinent information related to the case. Should developments in any of these matters outlined below cause a change in the Company’s determination as to an unfavorable outcome and result in the need to recognize a material provision, or, should any of these matters result in a final adverse judgment or be settled for significant amounts, they could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows, and financial position in the period or periods in which such a change in determination, settlement or judgment occurs.

The Company expenses legal costs relating to its lawsuits, claimsclaim and proceedings as incurred.

(a)    On May 15, 2006, the Company initiated arbitration against Three-Dimensional Media Group, Ltd. (“3DMG”) before the International Centre for Dispute Resolution in New York (the “ICDR”), alleging breaches of the license and consulting agreements between the Company and 3DMG. On June 15, 2006, 3DMG filed an answer denying any breaches and asserting counterclaims that the Company breached the parties’ license agreement. On June 21, 2007, the ICDR unanimously denied 3DMG’s Motion for Summary Judgment filed on April 11, 2007 concerning the Company’s claims and 3DMG’s counterclaims. The proceeding was suspended on May 4, 2009 due to failure of 3DMG to pay fees associated with the proceeding. The proceeding was further suspended on October 11, 2010 pending resolution ofre-examination proceedings involving one of 3DMG’s patents. Following a status conference on April 27, 2016 before the ICDR, the ICDR granted 3DMG leave to amend its answer and counterclaims, and subsequently lifted the stay in this matter. In its amended counterclaims, 3DMG seeks damages for alleged unpaid royalties and other fees under the license and consulting agreements. The ICDR held the first phase of a final hearing during the week of July 10, 2017, and the final hearing occurred during the week of October 16, 2017. Final briefings are due in December 2017, with a judgment expected in the first quarter of 2018. The Company believes that the amount of loss, if any, suffered in connection with the amended counterclaims would not have a material impact on the financial position or results of operations of the Company, although no assurance can be given with respect to the ultimate outcome of the arbitration. The minimum amount in the range has been used to measure the amount to be accrued for this loss contingency in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 450.

(b)    In January 2004, the Company and IMAX Theatre Services Ltd., a subsidiary of the Company, commenced an arbitration seeking damages before the International Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce (the “ICC”) with respect to the breach by Electronic Media Limited (“EML”) of its December 2000 agreement with the Company. In June 2004, the Company commenced a related arbitration before the ICC against EML’s affiliate,E-City Entertainment (I) PVT Limited(“E-City”). On March 27, 2008, the arbitration panel issued a final award in favor of the Company in the amount of $11.3 million, consisting of past and future rents owed to the Company, plus interest and costs, as well as an additional $2,512 each day in interest from October 1, 2007 until the date the award is paid. In July 2008,E-City commenced a proceeding in Mumbai, India seeking an order that the ICC award may not be recognized in India. The Company has opposed that applicationIndia and on a number of grounds and seeks to have the ICC award recognized in India. On June 10, 2013, the Bombay High Court ruled that it hashad jurisdiction over the proceeding filed byE-City. The Company appealed that ruling to the Supreme Court of India, and on March 10, 2017, the Supreme Court set aside the Bombay High Court’s judgement and dismissedE-City’s petition. On March 29, 2017, the Company filed an Execution Application in the Bombay High Court

seeking to enforce the ICC award againstE-City and several related parties. On June 24,That matter is currently pending. The Company has also taken steps to enforce the ICC final award outside of India. In December 2011, the Company commenced a proceeding in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice for recognition of the ICC final award. On December 2, 2011, the Ontario Court issued an order recognizing the final award and requiringE-City to pay the Company $30,000 to cover the costs of the application. In January 2013, the Company filed an actionapplication, and in the New York Supreme Court seeking to collect the amount owed to the Company by certain entities and individuals affiliated withE-City. On October 16, 2015, the New York Supreme Court denied the Company’s petition, and in October 2017, the New York Appellate Division affirmed that decision. On July 29, 2014, the Company commenced a separate proceeding to have the Canadian judgment againstE-Cityrecognized in New York, and on October 2, 2015, the New York Supreme Court granted IMAX’s request, recognizing the Canadian judgment and enteringentered it as a New York judgment. On November 26, 2014,E-City filed a motion in the Bombay High CourtThe Company intends to continue pursuing its rights and seeking to enjoin IMAX from continuingenforce the New York legal proceedings. On February 2, 2015,award, although no assurances can be given with respect to the Bombay High Court deniedE-City’s request for an injunction. On March 16, 2015,E-City filed an appeal of this Bombay High Court decision.ultimate outcome.

(c)(b)    In March 2013, IMAX (Shanghai) Multimedia Technology Co., Ltd. (“IMAX Shanghai”), the Company’s majority-owned subsidiary in China,Shanghai received notice from the Shanghai office of the General Administration of Customs (“Customs Authority”) that it had been selected for a customs audit (the “Audit”). In the course of the Audit, the Customs Authority discovered the underpayment by IMAX Shanghai of the freight and insurance portion of the customs duties and taxes applicable to the importation of certain IMAX theater systems during the period from October 2011 through March 2013 of approximately $0.1 million, for which payment was remitted in June 2017.2013. Though IMAX Shanghai’s importation agent accepted responsibility for the error giving rise to the underpayment, the matter has beenwas transferred first to the Anti-Smuggling Bureau (the “ASB”) of the Customs Authority and then to the Third Division of Shanghai People’s Procuratorate for further review. During the year ended December 31, 2017, at the request of the ASB, IMAX Shanghai paid approximately $0.15 million to the ASB to satisfy the amount owing as a result of the underpayment and accrued approximately $0.3 million in respect of the fines that it believed to be likely to result from the matter. Given that the amount of the underpayment exceedsexceeded RMB 200,000, (the the

applicable ASB threshold), the Company has been advised that the matter may be treatedthreshold for treatment as a criminal rather than as an administrative matter. In 2017,matter, on August 8, 2018, IMAX Shanghai recorded an estimate of $0.3 million in respect of fineswas informed that it believes are likely to result from the matter.its logistics function, but not IMAX Shanghai itself, would face criminal charges. A preliminary court conference was held on September 5, 2018, and hearings took place on October 24, 2018 and January 22, 2019. On March 6, 2019, the Shanghai No. 3 Intermediate People’s Court imposed a fine of RMB 570,000, approximately $85,000 or 75% of the underpayment, on IMAX Shanghai’s logistics function. As of March 31, 2019, this fine has been advised that the range of potential penalties is between three and five times the underpayment whether the matter is assessed as criminal or administrative; however, the actual amount of any fines or other penalties remains unknownpaid and the Company cautions that these actual fines or other penalties maybe be greater or less than the amount accrued or the expected range.legal proceedings were concluded.

(d)(c)    On November 11, 2013, Giencourt Investments, S.A. (“Giencourt”) initiated arbitration before the International Centre for Dispute Resolution in Miami, Florida, based on alleged breaches by the Company of its theater agreement and related license agreement with Giencourt. Giencourt submitted its statement of claim in January 2015, the Company submitted its statement of defense and counterclaim in April 2015 and Giencourt submitted its arbitration reply paper in September 2015. An arbitration hearing for witness testimony was held during the week of December 14, 2015. At the hearing, Giencourt’s expert identified monetary damages of up to approximately $10.4 million, which Giencourt sought to recover from the Company. The Company asserted a counterclaim against Giencourt for breach of contract and sought to recover lost profits in excess of $24.0 million under the agreements. In addition, onSubsequently, in December 10, 2015, Giencourt made a motion to the panel seeking to enforce a purported settlement of the matter based on negotiations between Giencourt and the Company. The panel held a final hearing with closing arguments onin October 20 and 21, 2016. On February 7, 2017, the panel issued a Partial Final Award and on July 21, 2017, the panel issued a Final Award (collectively, the “Award”), which held that the parties had reached a binding settlement, and therefore the panel did not reach the merits of the dispute. The Company strongly disputes that discussions about a potential resolution of this matter amounted to an enforceable settlement. TheIn October 2017, the Company is filingfiled a motionpetition to vacate the arbitration award in the United States Court for the Southern District of Florida on thevarious grounds, including that the panel exceeded its jurisdiction. The petition is still pending. At this time, the Company is unable to determine the amounts that it may owe pursuant to the Award, or the timing of any such payments, and therefore no assurances can be given with respect to the ultimate outcome of the matter.

(e)(d)    In addition to the matters described above, the Company is currently involved in other legal proceedings or governmental inquiries which, in the opinion of the Company’s management, will not materially affect the Company’s financial position or future operating results, although no assurance can be given with respect to the ultimate outcome of any such proceedings.

(f)(e)    In the normal course of business, the Company enters into agreements that may contain features that meet the definition of a guarantee. The Guarantees Topic of the FASB ASC defines a guarantee to be a contract (including an indemnity) that contingently requires the Company to make payments (either in cash, financial instruments, other assets, shares of its stock or provision of services) to a third party based on (a) changes in an underlying interest rate, foreign exchange rate, equity or commodity instrument, index or other variable, that is related to an asset, a liability or an equity security of the counterparty, (b) failure of another party to perform under an obligating agreement or (c) failure of another third party to pay its indebtedness when due.

Financial Guarantees

The Company has provided no significant financial guarantees to third parties.

Product Warranties

The Company’s accrual for product warranties, thatwhich was recorded as part of accrued and other liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, is less than $0.1was $0.2 million and $0.2 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, respectively.

Director/Officer Indemnifications

The Company’s GeneralBy-law contains an indemnification of its directors/officers, former directors/officers and persons who have acted at its request to be a director/officer of an entity in which the Company is a shareholder or creditor, to indemnify them, to the extent permitted by the Canada Business Corporations Act, against expenses (including legal fees), judgments, fines and any amounts actually and reasonably incurred by them in connection with any action, suit or proceeding in which the directors and/or officers are sued as a result of their service, if they acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Company. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors in order to effectuate the foregoing. The nature of the indemnification prevents the Company from making a reasonable estimate of the maximum potential amount it could be required to pay to counterparties. The Company has purchased directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. No amount has been accrued in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, with respect to this indemnity.

Other Indemnification Agreements

In the normal course of the Company’s operations, the Company provides indemnifications to counterparties in transactions such as: theater system lease and sale agreements and the supervision of installation or servicing of the theater systems; film production, exhibition and distribution agreements; real property lease agreements; and employment agreements. These indemnification agreements require the Company to compensate the counterparties for costs incurred as a result of litigation claims that may be suffered by the counterparty as a consequence of the transaction or the Company’s breach ornon-performance under these agreements. While the terms of these indemnification agreements vary based upon the contract, they normally extend for the life of the agreements. A small number of agreements do not provide for any limit on the maximum potential amount of indemnification; however, virtually all of the Company’s system lease and sale agreements limit such maximum potential liability to the purchase price of the system. The fact that the maximum potential amount of indemnification required by the Company is not specified in some cases prevents the Company from making a reasonable estimate of the maximum potential amount it could be required to pay to counterparties. Historically, the Company has not made any significant payments under such indemnifications and no amounts have been accrued in the condensed consolidated financial statements with respect to the contingent aspect of these indemnities.

 

10.8.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Supplemental Information

 

 (a)

Selling Expenses

The Company defers direct selling costs such as sales commissions and other amounts related to its sale and sales-type lease arrangements until the related revenue is recognized. These costs and direct advertising and marketing, included in costs and expenses applicable to revenues-equipmentRevenues – Equipment and product sales, totaled $1.1 million and $2.2$0.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively (2016March 31, 2019 (2018 — $1.3 million and $3.0 million, respectively)$0.7 million).

Film exploitation costs, including advertising and marketing, totaled $2.5 million and $9.1$4.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively (2016March 31, 2019 (2018 — $4.8 million and $13.8 million, respectively)$5.3 million), and are recorded in costs and expenses applicable to revenues-services as incurred.

Commissions are recognized as costs and expenses applicable to revenues-rentalsRevenues – Rentals in the month they are earned. These costs totaled $0.4 million and $0.9a recovery of $0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively (2016March 31, 2019 (2018 — $0.6 million and $0.9 million respectively)expense of less than $0.1 million). Direct advertising and marketing costs for each theater are charged to costs and expenses applicable to revenues-rentalsRevenues – Rentals as incurred. These costs totaled an expense of $0.8 million and $1.5$0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively (2016March 31, 2019 (2018 — expense of $0.4 million and $1.0 million, respectively)$0.1 million).

 (b)

Foreign Exchange

Included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 is a gain of $0.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively (2016 — loss of $0.2 million and a(2018 — loss of $0.1 million, respectively),million) for net foreign exchange gains/losses related to the translation of foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities. See note 16(d)15(d) for additional information.

 

 (c)

Collaborative Arrangements

Joint Revenue Sharing Arrangements

In a joint revenue sharing arrangement, the Company receives a portion of a theater’s box office and concession revenues, and in some cases a small upfront or initial payment, in exchange for placing a theater system at the theater operator’s venue. Under joint revenue sharing arrangements, the customer has the ability and the right to operate the hardware components or direct others to operate them in a manner determined by the customer. The Company’s joint revenue sharing arrangements are typicallynon-cancellable for 10 years or longer with renewal provisions. Title to equipment under joint revenue sharing arrangements generally does not transfer to the customer. The Company’s joint revenue sharing arrangements do not contain a guarantee of residual value at the end of the term. The customer is required to pay for executory costs such as insurance and taxes and is required to pay the Company for maintenance and extended warranty throughout the term. The customer is responsible for obtaining insurance coverage for the theater systems commencing on the date specified in the arrangement’s shipping terms and ending on the date the theater systems are delivered back to the Company.

The Company has signed joint revenue sharing agreements with 4735 exhibitors for a total of 1,0771,198 theater systems, of which 702809 theaters were operating as at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the terms of which are similar in nature, rights and obligations. The accounting policy for the Company’s joint revenue sharing arrangements is disclosed in note 2(m) of the Company’s 20162018 FormForm 10-K.

Amounts attributable to transactions arising between the Company and its customers under joint revenue sharing arrangements are included in Revenue — Equipment and Product Salesproduct sales and Revenue — Rentals revenue and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 amounted to $18.2$20.4 million and $54.2 million, respectively (2016(2018 — $19.7 million and $66.9 million, respectively)$17.9 million).

IMAX DMR

In an IMAX DMR arrangement, the Company transforms conventional motion pictures into the Company’s large screen format, allowing the release of Hollywood content to the global IMAX theater network. In a typical IMAX DMR film arrangement, the Company receiveswill absorb its costs for the digitalre-mastering and then recoup this cost from a percentage of thebox-office receipts of the film, which in recent years has averaged approximately 12.5%, of net box office receipts, defined as gross box office receipts less applicable sales taxes, of any commercial films released in the IMAX theater network outside of Greater China from the applicable film studio for the conversion of the film to the IMAX DMR format and for access to the Company’s premium distribution platform. Within Greater China, the Company receives a lower percentage of box office receipts for certain films.films within Greater China. The Company does not typically hold distribution rights or the copyright to these films.

For the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the majority of IMAX DMR revenue was earned from the exhibition of 4624 IMAX DMR films (2016(201848)22) throughout the IMAX theater network. The accounting policy for the Company’s IMAX DMR arrangements is disclosed in note 2(m) of the Company’s 20162018 FormForm 10-K.

Amounts attributable to transactions arising between the Company and its customers under IMAX DMR arrangements are included in Revenues – Services revenue and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 amounted to $25.9$28.0 million and $77.1 million, respectively (2016(2018 — $21.6 million and $78.8 million, respectively)$27.1 million).

Co-Produced Film and Television Arrangements

In certain film arrangements, the Companyco-produces a film with a third party whereby the third party retains the copyright and rights to the film andfilm. In some cases, the Company obtains exclusive theatrical distribution rights to the film. Under these arrangements, both parties contribute funding to the Company’s wholly-owned production companypartly-owned subsidiary for the production and distribution of the film and for associated exploitation costs. Clauses in

As at March 31, 2019, the Company has two significantco-produced film arrangements generally provide forwhich represent the third party to take overVIE total assets balance of $11.8 million and liabilities balance of $14.5 million and three otherco-produced film arrangements, the productionterms of the film if the cost of the production exceeds its approved budget or if it appears as though the film will not be delivered on a timely basis. In 2016, the Company entered into an arrangement toco-produce television episodic content. Funding was provided to the third party and the third party retains

the copyright and rights to the content. The Company obtained exclusive theatrical distribution rights to the first two episodes and a percentage share to all television revenue.

which are similar. The accounting policies relating toco-produced film arrangements are disclosed in notes 2(a) and 2(m) of the Company’s 20162018 FormForm 10-K.

As at September 30, 2017, the Company has one significantco-produced film arrangement which represents the VIE total assets and liabilities balance of $0.4 million and four otherco-produced film arrangements, the terms of which are similar.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, amountsMarch 31, 2019, expenses totaling $0.3$0.2 million and $1.0 million, respectively (2016 — $0.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively)(2018 —$0.2 million) attributable to transactions between the Company and other parties involved in the production of the films have been included in cost and expenses applicable to revenues-services.Revenues – Services.

As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company is participating in one significantco-produced television arrangement. This arrangement is not a VIE.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, revenues of $8.7 million and $8.7 million, respectively,$nil (2018 —$0.4 million) and costs and expenses applicable to revenues of $19.8 million and $20.6 million, respectively,$nil (2018 — $0.4 million) attributable to this collaborative arrangement have been recorded in Revenue – Services and Costs and expenses applicable to revenuesRevenues – Services, respectively. Included therein are net revenues attributable to transactions between the Company and other parties involved in the production of the episodic content of $0.7 million and $0.7 million, respectively.

11.9.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Supplemental Information

(a)    Changes in othernon-cash operating assets and liabilities are comprised of the following:

   Nine Months Ended 
   September 30, 
   2017   2016 

Decrease (increase) in:

    

Accounts receivable

  $(8,564  $6,571 

Financing receivables

   (1,263   (1,145

Inventories

   4,453    (12,508

Prepaid expenses

   (3,592   (5,105

Other assets

   (345   (882

Increase (decrease) in:

    

Accounts payable

   (1,805   (6,616

Accrued and other liabilities(1)

   (8,133   (1,991

Deferred revenue

   30,402    (7,828
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $11,153   $(29,504
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)Changes in accrued and other liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 includes payments of $6.4 million related to the Company’s restructuring activities. See note 18 for additional details.

(b)    Cash payments made on account of:

   Nine Months Ended 
   September 30, 
   2017   2016 

Income taxes

  $17,952   $20,822 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Interest

  $612   $541 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(c)    Depreciation and amortization are comprised of the following:

 

   Nine Months Ended 
   September 30, 
   2017   2016 

Film assets

  $13,560   $11,842 

Property, plant and equipment

    

Joint revenue sharing arrangements

   13,299    11,581 

Other property, plant and equipment

   8,638    7,355 

Other intangible assets

   3,157    2,368 

Other assets

   691    631 

Deferred financing costs

   422    402 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $39,767   $34,179 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

   Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 
   2019   2018 

Film assets

  $3,695   $3,571 

Property, plant and equipment

    

Joint revenue sharing arrangements

   5,605    4,840 

Other property, plant and equipment

   2,936    3,442 

Other intangible assets

   1,425    1,217 

Other assets

   433    310 

Deferred financing costs

   117    141 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $14,211   $13,521 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(d)(b)    Write-downs, net of recoveries, are comprised of the following:

 

   Nine Months Ended 
   September 30, 
   2017   2016 

Accounts receivable

  $2,633   $556 

Inventories

   297    246 

Financing receivables

   680    75 

Property, plant and equipment(2) (3)

   4,412    792 

Film assets(1)(4)

   16,076    1,000 

Other assets(3)

   1,522    —   

Impairment of investments

   —      194 

Other intangible assets

   —      40 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $25,620   $2,903 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 
   2019   2018 

Accounts receivable

  $431   $451 

Property, plant and equipment(1)

   86    421 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements(1)

   180    126 

Other intangible assets

   —      38 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $697   $1,036 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)The Company reviewed the carrying value of certain documentary film assets as a result of lower than expected revenue being generated during the period and revised expectations for future revenues based on the latest information available. An impairment of $4.6 million was recorded based on the carrying value of these documentary films as compared to the related estimated future box office and revenues that would ultimately be generated by these films.
(2)

The Company recognized asset impairment charges of $0.6$0.1 million against(2018 — $0.5 million) reflecting property, plant and equipment after an assessmentthat were no longer in use. In the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded a charge of $0.1 million in cost of sales applicable to Equipment and product sales and less than $0.1 million in revenue applicable to Equipment and product sales upon the carrying valueupgrade of certain assetsxenon-based digital systems under joint revenue sharing arrangements to laser-based digital systems. No such charge was recorded in light of their future expected cash flows.

(3)As a result of the Company’s recent restructuring activities, certain long-lived assets were deemed to be impaired as the Company’s exit from certain activities limited the future revenue associated with these assets. The Company recognized film impairment charges of $0.3 million, property, plant and equipment charges of $3.7 million and other asset charges of $1.5 million. See note 18 for additional details.
(4)The Company recognized an impairment on its episodic content assets of $11.1 million as a result of lower than anticipated revenue generated for the television series’ first season.three months ended March 31, 2018.

(e)(c)    Significantnon-cash investing and financing activities are comprised of the following:

 

  Nine Months Ended   Three Months Ended 
  September 30,   March 31, 
  2017   2016   2019   2018 

Net accruals related to:

        

Purchases of property, plant and equipment

  $935   $122   $(401  $364 

Investment in joint revenue sharing arrangements

   150    212    200    (20

Acquisition of other intangible assets

   72    (133   12    5 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
  $1,157   $201   $(189  $349 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

12.10.

Income Taxes

 

 (a)

Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate and varies from year to year primarily as a result of permanent differences, investment and other tax credits, the provision for income taxes at different rates in foreign and other provincial jurisdictions, enacted statutory tax rate increases or reductionsdecreases in the year, changes due to foreign exchange, changes in the Company’s valuation allowance based on the Company’s recoverability assessments of deferred tax assets, and favorable or unfavorable resolution of various tax examinations. During the quarter ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, there was no change in the Company’s estimates of the recoverability of its deferred tax assets based on an analysis of both positive and negative evidence including projected future earnings.earnings as necessary.

As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company had net deferred income tax assets after valuation allowance of $33.4$30.5 million (December 31, 20162018 — $20.8$31.3 million), which consists of a gross deferred income tax asset of $33.6$30.7 million (December 31, 20162018 — $21.0$31.5 million), against which the Company is carrying a $0.2 million valuation allowance (December 31, 20162018 — $0.2 million).

For the quarter ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $1.0$3.6 million. Included in the provision for income taxes was a $0.2an expense of $0.4 million related to its provision for uncertain tax positions and an expense of $0.3 million related to its provision for tax shortfalls related to stock-based compensation costs recognized in the period, offset by a less than $0.1 million recoveryperiod.

In 2018, the Company finalised its accounting related to changes in the U.S. Tax Act. Among other items.things, the Company has finalised provisional estimates and tax calculations, which included an evaluation of recent interpretations and new guidance issued. No adjustments were recognised during the year ended December 31, 2018, and the provisionalre-measurement effect on deferred taxes recorded in the 2017 year reflects the total effect of the changes in the U.S. Tax Act.

The Company has elected to early adopt ASUnot provided for taxes on cumulative earnings of2016-16non-Canadian related to income taxes during the first quarteraffiliates and associated companies that have been reinvested indefinitely. Taxes are provided for earnings of 2017. The impact from the adoption was reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements on a modified retrospective basis resulting in an increase to Accumulated deficit of $8.3 million, a decrease to Other assets of $14.8 million, an increase to Deferred taxes of $7.9 millionnon-Canadian affiliates and an increase to Accrued and other liabilities of $1.4 million.

The Company early adopted ASU2016-09, related to stock-based compensation, in June 2016. ASU2016-09 eliminates additional paid in capital (“APIC”) pools and requires excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies to be recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operationsassociated companies when the awards vest orCompany determines that such earnings are settled. In addition, modified retrospective adoption of ASC2016-09 eliminates the requirement that excess tax benefits be realized before they can be recognized. The Company has recorded an adjustment of $0.9 million to Deferred income taxes related to the impact from adoption of the provisions related to forfeiture rates. See note 13 for further discussion of the impact from the adoption of ASU2016-09.no longer indefinitely reinvested.

Cash held outside of North America as at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 was $117.3$102.7 million (December 31, 20162018$117.4$121.9 million), of which $39.3$53.5 million was held in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) (December 31, 20162018$31.5$54.7 million). The Company’s intent is to permanently reinvest these amounts outside of Canada and the Company does not currently anticipate that it will need funds generated from foreign operations to fund North American operations. In the event funds from foreign operations are needed to fund operations in North America and if withholding taxes have not already been previously provided, the Company would be required to accrue and pay these additional withholding tax amounts on repatriation of funds from China to Canada. The Company currently estimates this amount to be $6.3 million.$9.2 million (December 31, 2018 — $8.4 million).

 

 (b)

Income Tax Effect on Other Comprehensive Income

The income tax expense(expense) benefit included in the Company’s other comprehensive income are related to the following items:

 

  Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended   Three Months Ended 
  September 30,   September 30,   March 31, 
  2017   2016   2017   2016   2019   2018 

Unrealized change in cash flow hedging instruments

  $188   $76   $132   $(485  $(83  $263 

Realized change in cash flow hedging instruments upon settlement

   (358   (149   (634   (667   (18   58 

Amortization of actuarial loss on postretirement benefit plan

   —      (4   —      (14
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
  $(170  $(77  $(502  $(1,166  $(101  $321 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

13.11.

Capital Stock

 

 (a)

Stock-Based Compensation

Compensation costs recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the Company’s stock-based compensation plans were $6.0 million and $18.2$4.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively (2016March 31, 2019 (2018 — $7.7 million and $22.5 million, respectively)$4.8 million). The following reflects the stock-based compensation expense recorded to the respective financial statement line items in the following respective periods:items:

 

  Three Months Ended 
  Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended   March 31, 
  September 30, 2017   September 30, 2017   2019   2018 

Cost and expenses applicable to revenues

  $380   $1,120   $374   $96 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   5,198    16,196    3,903    4,417 

Research and development

   165    480    85    334 

Exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments

   299    372    —      (19
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
  $6,042   $18,168   $4,362   $4,828 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

As at September 30, 2017, the Company has reservedThe following reflects a totalbreakdown of 11,000,149 (December 31, 2016 — 12,012,572) common shares for future issuance under the Company’s Stock Option Plan (“SOP”) and the IMAX Corporation Amended and Restated Long-Term Incentive Plan (“IMAX LTIP”). Of the common shares reserved for issuance, there are options in respect of 5,241,065 common shares and restricted share units (“RSUs”) in respect of 1,156,897 common shares outstanding at September 30, 2017. At September 30, 2017, options in respect of 4,011,217 common shares were vested and exercisable.

The Company early adopted ASU2016-09, related to stock-based compensation in June 2016. ASU2016-09 eliminates the requirement to estimate and apply a forfeiture rate to reduce stock compensation expense during the vesting period and, instead, account for forfeitures as they occur. ASU2016-09 also requires the presentation of employee taxes as a financing activity on the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.

Stock Option Plan and IMAX LTIP

The Company recorded an expense of $0.9 million and $3.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively (2016 — expense of $3.4 million and $9.4 million, respectively) related to stock option grants issued to employees and directors in the IMAX LTIP and SOP plans. An income tax benefit is recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations of $0.3 million and $1.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively (2016 — $0.9 million and $2.4 million, respectively), for these costs.

The weighted average fair value of all stock options granted to employees and directors for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 at the grant date was $6.15 and $8.32 per share, respectively (2016 — $7.80 and $8.16 per share, respectively). The following assumptions were used to estimate the average fair value of the stock options:by each plan type:

 

   Three Months
Ended September 30,
 Nine Months
Ended September 30,
   2017 2016 2017 2016

Average risk-free interest rate

  2.14% 1.44% 2.34% 1.67%

Expected option life (in years)

  4.83-5.08 4.44 - 4.88 4.71 - 5.83 4.44 - 5.24

Expected volatility

  30% 30% 30% 30%

Dividend yield

  0% 0% 0% 0%
   Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 
   2019   2018 

Stock options

  $1,907   $1,389 

Restricted Share Units

   2,110    3,215 

China Long Term Incentive Plan Restricted Share Units

   279    183 

China Options

   66    41 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $4,362   $4,828 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Stock options toNon-Employees

There were no common share options issued tonon-employees during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

There were nonon-employee stock options outstanding as at September 30, 2017. As at September 30, 2016, there were 28,750 stock options outstanding with a weighted average exercise price of $26.90 per share. 26,950 stock options were exercisable with an average weighted exercise price of $26.97 per share and the vested stock options have an aggregate intrinsic value of $0.1 million.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded an expense of $nil and less than $0.1 million, respectively (2016 — expense of less than $0.1 million and recovery less than $0.1 million, respectively) to selling, general and administrative expenses related to thenon-employee stock options. There were no liabilities accrued fornon-employee stock options as at September 30, 2017 (December 31, 2016 — less than $0.1 million).

China Long Term Incentive Plan (“China LTIP”)

The China LTIP was adopted by IMAX China Holding, Inc. (“IMAX China”), a subsidiary of the Company, in October 2012. Each stock option (“China Option”), RSU or cash settled share-based payment (“CSSBP”) issued under the China LTIP represents an opportunity to participate economically in the future growth and value creation of IMAX China.

In connection with the IMAX China IPO and in accordance with the China LTIP, IMAX China adopted apost-IPO share option plan and apost-IPO restricted stock unit plan. Pursuant to these plans, IMAX China issued additional China Options and China LTIP Restricted Share Units (“China RSUs”) for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded an expense related to the China Options, China RSUs and CSSBPs of $0.3 million, $0.7 million and $0.1 million, respectively (2016 — $0.2 million, $0.7 million and $0.1 million, respectively). During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded an expense related to the China Options, China RSUs and CSSBPs of $0.9 million, $0.9 million and $0.3 million, respectively (2016 — $0.4 million, $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively). The liability recognized with respect to the CSSBPs as at September 30, 2017 was $0.5 million (December 31, 2016 — $0.3 million).

Stock Option Summary

The following table summarizes certain information in respect of option activity under the SOPCompany’s Stock Option Plan (“SOP”) and IMAX LTIPAmended and Restated Long Term Incentive Plan (“IMAX LTIP”) for the ninethree months ended September 30:March 31:

 

       Weighted Average Exercise 
   Number of Shares   Price Per Share 
   2017   2016   2017   2016 

Options outstanding, beginning of period

   5,190,542    4,805,244   $28.35   $27.03 

Granted

   854,764    984,452    30.07    31.49 

Exercised

   (658,341   (268,516   21.90    20.54 

Forfeited

   (95,375   (45,024   32.41    28.03 

Expired

   (22,269   —      37.08    —   

Cancelled

   (28,256   (2,483   30.65    33.80 
  

 

 

   

 

 

     

Options outstanding, end of period

   5,241,065    5,473,673    29.32    28.14 
  

 

 

   

 

 

     

Options exercisable, end of period

   4,011,217    3,924,432    28.94    27.34 
  

 

 

   

 

 

     

The Company cancelled 28,256 stock options from its IMAX LTIP or SOP surrendered by Company employees during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 (2016 - 2,483 during the three and nine months ended).
       Weighted Average Exercise
Price Per Share
 
   Number of Shares 
   2019   2018   2019   2018 

Options outstanding, beginning of period

   5,465,046    5,082,100   $27.63   $29.31 

Granted

   1,006,931    878,629    20.66    22.06 

Exercised

   (31,235   —      20.36    —   

Forfeited

   (79,055   (45,164   23.71    31.13 

Expired

   (304,472   (10,000   25.94    27.09 
  

 

 

   

 

 

     

Options outstanding, end of period

   6,057,215    5,905,565    26.64    28.22 
  

 

 

   

 

 

     

Options exercisable, end of period

   3,886,592    4,133,351    28.74    29.14 
  

 

 

   

 

 

     

As at September 30, 2017, options that are exercisable have an intrinsic value of $0.3 million and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 4.4 years. The intrinsic value of options exercised in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $nil million and $6.8 million, respectively (2016 — $0.5 million and $3.2 million, respectively).

Restricted Share Units (“RSU”) Summary

RSUs have been granted to employees, consultants and directors under the IMAX LTIP. Each RSU represents a contingent right to receive one common share and is the economic equivalent of one common share. The grant date fair value of each RSU is equal to the

share price of the Company’s stock at the grant date. The Company recorded an expense of $4.1 million and $12.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively (2016 — expense of $3.9 million and $11.6 million, respectively), related to RSU grants issued to employees and directors in the plan. The Company did not issue any RSU grants to certain advisors and strategic partners of the Company during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, in connection with the vesting of RSUs, the Company settled 63,711 and 316,278, respectively (2016 — 27,416 and 271,032, respectively) common shares to IMAX LTIP participants, of which nil and 7,127, respectively (2016 — 21,871 and 50,167, respectively) common shares, net of shares withheld for tax withholdings of 18,177 and 24,478, respectively (2016 — 5,328 and 8,836, respectively) were issued from treasury. Common shares settled through the open market purchases by the IMAX LTIP trustee were 45,534 and 284,673 respectively (2016 — 217 and 212,029, respectively).

Total stock-based compensation expense related tonon-vested RSUs not yet recognized at September 30, 2017 and the weighted average period over which the awards are expected to be recognized is $26.7 million and 2.3 years, respectively (2016 — $26.8 million and 2.4 years, respectively). The Company’s actual tax benefits realized for the tax deductions related to the vesting of RSUs was $0.3 million and $2.7 million, respectively for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 (2016 — $0.3 million and $2.6 million, respectively).

Historically, RSUs granted under the IMAX LTIP have vested between immediately and four years from the grant date. In connection with the amendment and restatement of the IMAX LTIP at the Company’s annual and special meeting of shareholders on June 6, 2016, the IMAX LTIP plan was amended to impose a minimumone-year vesting period on future RSU grants, with acarve-out for 300,000 RSUs that may vest on a shorter schedule. During 2017, 46,613 RSUs (2016 – 39,726 RSUs) with a vesting period of less than one year were issued from the remainingcarve-out balance of 260,274 RSUs leaving a balance of 213,661 RSUs at September 30, 2017. There were no RSUs issued from thecarve-out balance in the third quarter. Vesting of the RSUs is subject to continued employment or service with the Company.

The following table summarizes certain information in respect of RSU activity under the IMAX LTIP for the ninethree months ended September 30:March 31:

 

  Number of Awards   Weighted Average Grant Date
Fair Value Per Share
   Number of Awards   Weighted Average Grant Date
Fair Value Per Share
 
  2017   2016   2017   2016   2019   2018   2019   2018 

RSUs outstanding, beginning of period

   1,124,180    973,637   $33.01   $32.27    1,033,871    995,329   $25.70   $32.80 

Granted

   460,362    465,968    30.54    31.70    540,535    535,362    22.61    20.85 

Vested and settled

   (316,278   (271,032   30.46    29.30    (228,445   (257,888   27.46    32.76 

Forfeited

   (111,367   (28,435   31.99    30.78    (90,900   (30,024   23.77    31.93 
  

 

   

 

       

 

   

 

     

RSUs outstanding, end of period

   1,156,897    1,140,138    32.90    32.78    1,255,061    1,242,779    24.18    27.58 
  

 

   

 

       

 

   

 

     

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

During the three and nine months ended September 30,In 2017, the Company repurchased nil and 1,736,150 common shares, respectively (2016 – 500,000 and 3,290,512, respectively) at an average price of $nil and $26.57 per share, respectively (2016 – $29.32 and $30.48 per share, respectively). The repurchases in the first half of 2017 exhausted the remaining allowance of $46.1 million under the previously announced $200.0 million share repurchase program. The average carrying value of the stock retired was deducted from common stock and the remaining excess over the average carrying value of stock was charged to accumulated deficit.

On June 12, 2017, the Company announced that itsCompany’s Board of Directors approved a new $200.0 million share repurchase program for shares of the Company’s common stock. The share repurchase program expires on June 30, 2020. The repurchases may be made either in the open market or through private transactions, subject to market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other relevant factors. The Company has no obligation to repurchase shares and the share repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued by the Company at any time. There wereDuring the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company did not repurchase any common shares (2018 – 654,224 at an average price of $20.46 per share).

In 2018, IMAX China announced that its shareholders granted its Board of Directors a general mandate authorizing the Board, subject to applicable laws, to repurchase shares of IMAX China in an amount not to exceed 10% of the total number of issued shares of IMAX China as at May 3, 2018 (35,818,112 shares). The share purchase program expires on the date of the 2019 annual general meeting of IMAX China. The repurchases may be made in the open market or through other means permitted by applicable laws. IMAX China has no repurchases ofobligation to repurchase its shares underand the new share repurchase program inmay be suspended or discontinued by IMAX China at any time. During the third quarter.three months ended March 31, 2019, IMAX China repurchased 709,800 common shares at an average price of HKD 19.47 per share (U.S. $2.48).

The total number of shares purchased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 does not include any shares purchased in the administration of employee share-based compensation plans which(which amounted to nil and 604,036, respectively (2016400,000 common shares (2018 — nil and 249,657, respectively)300,000 common shares,shares), at an average price of $nil and $32.32$22.98 per share respectively (2016(2018 — $nil and $33.55$20.55 per share, respectively)share)).

As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the IMAX LTIP trustee held 137,240 (December 31, 2016 — 66,093)191,033 shares purchased for $4.4$4.2 million (December 31, 2016 — $2.0 million) in the open market to be issued upon the settlement of RSUs and certain stock options. The shares held with the trustee are recorded at cost and are reported as a reduction against capital stock inon the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Canadian Securities Law Matters

The Company has received an exemption decision issued by the Ontario Securities Commission, dated April 1, 2016, for relief from the formal issuer bid requirements under Canadian securities laws. The exemption decision permits the Company to repurchase up to 10% of its outstanding common shares in any twelve-month period through the facilities of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under repurchase programs that the Company may implement from time to time. The Canadian securities laws regulate an issuer’s ability to make repurchases of its own securities.

The Company sought the exemption so that it can make repurchases under its repurchase programs in excess of the maximum allowable in reliance on the existing “other published markets” exemption from the formal issuer bid requirements available under Canadian securities laws. The “other published markets” exemption caps the Company’s ability to repurchase its securities through the facilities of the NYSE at 5% of the issuer’s outstanding securities during any12-month period.

The conditions of the exemption decision are as follows: (i) any repurchases made in reliance on the exemption decision must be permitted under, and part of repurchase programs established and conducted in accordance with, U.S. securities laws and NYSE rules, (ii) the aggregate number of common shares acquired in reliance on the exemption decision by the Company and any person or company acting jointly or in concert with the Company within any 12 months does not exceed 10% of the outstanding common shares at the beginning of the12-month period, (iii) the common shares are not listed and posted for trading on an exchange in Canada, (iv) the exemption decision applies only to the acquisition of common shares by the Company within 36 months of the date of the decision, and (v) prior to purchasing common shares in reliance on the exemption decision, the Company discloses the terms of the exemption decision and the conditions applicable thereto in a press release that is issued on SEDAR and includes such language as part of the news release required to be issued in accordance with the “other published markets exemption” in respect of any repurchase program that may be implemented by the Company.

 

 (b)

Net (Loss) Income Per Share

Reconciliations of the numerator and denominator of the basic and dilutedper-share computations are comprised of the following:

   Three Months   Nine Months 
   Ended September 30,   Ended September 30, 
   2017   2016   2017   2016 

Net (loss) income applicable to common shareholders

  $(850  $2,525   $(2,487  $19,843 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average number of common shares (000’s):

        

Issued and outstanding, beginning of period

   64,723    67,067    66,160    69,673 

Weighted average number of shares repurchased during the period

   13    23    (536   (1,620
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average number of shares used in computing basic income per share

   64,736    67,090    65,624    68,053 

Assumed exercise of stock options and RSUs, net of shares assumed repurchased

   67    656    210    668 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average number of shares used in computing diluted income per share

   64,803    67,746    65,834    68,721 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

   Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 
   2019   2018 

Net income applicable to common shareholders

  $8,265   $8,505 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average number of common shares (000’s):

    

Issued and outstanding, beginning of period

   61,434    64,696 

Weighted average number of shares repurchased, net of shares issued, during the period

   (57   (141
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average number of shares used in computing basic income per share

   61,377    64,555 

Assumed exercise of stock options and RSUs, net of shares assumed repurchased

   182    64 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average number of shares used in computing diluted income per share

   61,559    64,619 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The calculation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2019 excludes 6,230,891 and 5,181,4856,647,056 shares respectively(2018 — 6,409,364 shares) that are issuable upon the vesting of 1,075,439 and 710,843,639,739 RSUs respectively(2018 — 589,412 RSUs, respectively) and the exercise of 5,155,452 and 4,470,6426,007,317 stock options respectively for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017,(2018 — 5,819,952 stock options), as the impact would be antidilutive.

12.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The calculationCompany’s revenue arrangements with certain customers may involve performance obligations consisting of diluted earnings per share excludes 2,570,983the delivery of a theater system (projector, sound system, screen system and, 2,834,896 shares, respectively thatif applicable, 3D glasses cleaning machine); services associated with the theater system including theater design support, supervision of installation, and projectionist training; a license to use the IMAX brand; 3D glasses; maintenance and extended warranty services; and licensing of films. The Company evaluates all of the performance obligations in an arrangement to determine which are issuable uponconsidered distinct, either individually or in a group, for accounting purposes and which of the vestingdeliverables represent separate units of 19,530 and 283,443 RSUs, respectivelyaccounting based on the applicable accounting guidance in the Leases Topic of the FASB ASC; the Guarantees Topic of the FASB ASC; and the exerciseRevenue Recognition Topic of 2,551,453 and 2,551,453 stock options, respectivelythe FASB ASC. If separate units of accounting are either required under the relevant accounting standards or determined to be applicable under the Revenue Recognition Topic, the total transaction price received or receivable in the arrangement is allocated based on the applicable guidance in the above noted standards. The Company’s revenue recognition policies are described in note 2(m) in the Company’s 2018 Form10-K.

The Company’s arrangements include a requirement for the threeprovision of maintenance services over the life of the arrangement, subject to a consumer price index increase on renewal each year. In circumstances where customers prepay the entire term’s maintenance arrangement, payments are due to the Company for the years after the extended warranty and nine months ended September 30, 2016,maintenance services offered as the impact would be antidilutive.

As part of the adoptionSystem Obligation expire. Payments upon renewal each year can be either in arrears or in advance, and can vary in frequency from monthly to annually. At March 31, 2019, $14.7 million of ASUconsideration has been deferred in relation to outstanding stand ready performance obligations related to these maintenance services (December 31, 2018 — $21.9 million). As the maintenance services are a stand ready obligation, revenue, subject to appropriate constraint, is recognized evenly over the contract term.

In instances where consideration is received prior to performance obligations being satisfied, it is deferred. The majority of the Company’s deferred revenue balance relates to payments for theater systems that have not yet been recognized. The deferred revenue related to an individual theater increases as progress payments are made, and is recognized at the time the system obligation is satisfied. Recognition dates are variable and depend on numerous factors, including some outside of the Company’s control.

The recognition of variable consideration involves a significant amount of judgment. Variable consideration is to be recognized subject to appropriate constraints to avoid a significant reversal of revenue in future periods. The Company will review the variable interest assets on an ongoing basis. In the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded a2016-09,true-up of variable consideration of $1.4 million due to the excess tax benefit is no longer included in the calculationmodification of diluted shares under the treasury stock method.existing arrangements.

(b)Shareholder’s Equity Attributable to Common Shareholders

The following summarizestables present a breakdown of the movement of Shareholders’ Equity attributable to common shareholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2017:Company’s revenues between fixed and variable consideration and lease arrangements:

 

Balance as at December 31, 2016

  $562,012 

Net loss attributable to common shareholders

   (2,487

Adjustments to capital stock:

  

Cash received from the issuance of common shares

   14,419 

Issuance of common shares for vested RSUs, net

   273 

Fair value of stock options exercised at the grant date

   3,444 

Average carrying value of repurchased and retired common shares

   (11,884

Share held in treasury

   (2,446

Adjustments to other equity:

  

Employee stock options granted

   4,216 

Non-employee stock options granted and vested

   17 

Fair value of stock options exercised at the grant date

   (3,444

RSUs granted

   13,621 

RSUs vested

   (9,797

Stock exercised from treasury shares

   (8,393

Adjustments to accumulated deficit:

  

Retrospective adjustment related to intra-entity transfers (notes 2 and 12)

   (8,314

Common shares repurchased and retired

   (34,256

Adjustments to accumulated other comprehensive loss:

  

Unrealized net gain from cash flow hedging instruments

   2,451 

Realization of cash flow hedging net loss upon settlement

   (533

Foreign currency translation adjustments

   1,938 

Tax effect of movement in other comprehensive income

   (502
  

 

 

 

Balance as at September 30, 2017

  $520,335 
  

 

 

 
   Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 2019 
   Subject to the New Revenue
Recognition Standard
   Subject to the
Lease Standard
     
   Fixed
consideration
   Variable
consideration
   Lease
arrangements
   Total 

Network business

        

IMAX DMR

  $—     $27,950   $—     $27,950 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements – contingent rent

   —      —      17,857    17,857 

IMAX systems – contingent rent

   —      —      26    26 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   —      27,950    17,883    45,833 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Theater business

        

IMAX systems

        

Sales and sales-type leases

   8,164    2,155    —      10,319 

Ongoing fees and finance income

   2,869    —      —      2,869 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements – fixed fees

   —      —      2,539    2,539 

Theater system maintenance

   12,951    —      —      12,951 

Other theater

   1,626    —      —      1,626 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   25,610    2,155    2,539    30,304 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

New business

   112    722    —      834 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other

        

Film post-production

   1,947    —      —      1,947 

Film distribution

   —      715    —      715 

Other

   —      463    102    565 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   1,947    1,178    102    3,227 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $27,669   $32,005   $20,524   $80,198 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 2018 
   Subject to the New Revenue
Recognition Standard
   Subject to the
Lease Standard
     
   Fixed
consideration
   Variable
consideration
   Lease
arrangements
   Total 

Network business

        

IMAX DMR

  $—     $27,051   $—     $27,051 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements – contingent rent

   —      —      17,861    17,861 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   —      27,051    17,861    44,912 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Theater business

        

IMAX systems

        

Sales and sales-type leases

   15,949    2,189    —      18,138 

Ongoing fees and finance income

   2,730    —      —      2,730 

Theater system maintenance

   12,712    —      —      12,712 

Other theater

   1,377    —      —      1,377 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   32,768    2,189    —      34,957 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

New business

   —      608    —      608 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other

        

Film post-production

   3,163    —      —      3,163 

Film distribution

   —      571    —      571 

Other

   50    723    —      773 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   3,213    1,294    —      4,507 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $35,981   $31,142   $17,861   $84,984 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

14.13.

Segmented Information

Management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) who is the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (as defined in the Segment Reporting Topic of the FASB ASC), assesses segment performance based on segment revenues and gross margins and film performance.margins. Selling, general and administrative expenses, research and development costs, amortization of intangibles, receivables provisions (recoveries), write-downs net of recoveries, interest income, interest expense and tax (provision) recovery are not allocated to the segments.

In the first quarter of 2017, modifications were made to the CEO’s reporting package to move away from the Company’s historical two primary groups – IMAX Theater Systems and Film – and to better align with the way in which the CODM manages the business. The new structure is expected to assist users of the financial statements with an enhanced understanding of how management views the business, and the drivers behind the Company’s performance. Certain of the prior period’s figures have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation.

The Company has identified new business as an additional reportable segment in the first quarter of 2017. The Company now has the following eight reportable segments: IMAX systems; IMAX DMR; joint revenue sharing arrangements; theater system maintenance; film distribution; film post-production; new business; and other.

The Company’s reportable segments are now organized under four primary groups identified by nature of product sold or service provided: (1) Network Business, representing variable revenue generated by box office results and which includes the reportable segment of IMAX DMR and contingent rent from the joint revenue sharing arrangements and IMAX systems segments;segments (hybrid joint revenue sharing arrangements, which take the form of a sale are reflected under the IMAX systems segment of Theater Business); (2) Theater Business, representing revenue generated by the sale and installation of theater systems and maintenance services, primarily related to the IMAX Systems and Theater System Maintenance reportable segments, and also includes fixed hybrid (fixed and contingent) revenues and upfront installation costs from sales arrangements previously reported in the joint revenue sharing arrangements segment and after-market sales of projection system parts and 3D glasses from the other segment; (3) New Business, which includes content licensinghome entertainment, and distribution fees associated with the Company’s original content investments, virtual reality initiatives, IMAX Home Entertainment, and other new business initiatives that are in the development,start-up and/orstart-upwind-up phase,phases, and (4) Other; which includes the film post-production and distribution segments, and certain IMAX theaters that the Company owns and operates, camera rentals and other miscellaneous items from the other segment.items. The Company is presenting information at a disaggregated level to provide more relevant information to readers, as permitted by the standard. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in note 2 to the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s 2016 Form10-K. In addition, referRefer to Item 2 of the Company’s Form10-Q for additional information regarding the four primary groups mentioned above.

Transactions between the film production IMAX DMR segment and the film post-production segment are valued at exchange value. Inter-segment profits are eliminated upon consolidation, as well as for the disclosures below.

   Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended 
   September 30,   September 30, 
   2017   2016   2017   2016 

Revenue(1)

        

Network business

        

IMAX DMR

  $25,971   $21,549   $77,136   $78,767 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements – contingent rent

   15,572    14,181    49,702    54,994 

IMAX systems – contingent rent

   1,094    779    2,573    3,178 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   42,637    36,509    129,411    136,939 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Theater business

        

IMAX systems

   27,757    24,908    56,022    67,330 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements – fixed fees

   2,658    5,517    4,536    11,946 

Theater system maintenance

   11,511    10,293    33,459    30,031 

Other theater

   1,586    2,445    5,449    7,789 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   43,512    43,163    99,466    117,096 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

New business

   8,917    515    11,508    601 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other

        

Film post-production

   1,914    2,327    9,134    6,436 

Film distribution

   784    2,092    2,235    3,345 

Other

   1,036    1,944    3,460    6,004 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   3,734    6,363    14,829    15,785 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $98,800   $86,550   $255,214   $270,421 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross Margin

        

Network business

        

IMAX DMR(2)

  $18,114   $12,448   $52,578   $52,398 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements – contingent rent(2)

   9,351    9,340    33,271    41,620 

IMAX systems – contingent rent

   1,094    779    2,573    3,178 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   28,559    22,567    88,422    97,196 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Theater business

        

IMAX systems(2)

   17,768    15,964    35,772    35,074 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements – fixed fees(2)

   624    1,640    887    3,096 

Theater system maintenance

   4,624    3,398    13,306    10,207 

Other theater

   247    314    1,082    993 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   23,263    21,316    51,047    49,370 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

New business

   (11,912   (284   (13,432   (861
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other

        

Film post-production

   763    1,003    4,287    3,028 

Film distribution(2)

   (361   258    (4,549   (998

Other

   (444   39    (677   (383
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   (42   1,300    (939   1,647 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $39,868   $44,899   $125,098   $147,352 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

   Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 
   2019   2018 

Revenue(1)

    

Network business

    

IMAX DMR

  $27,950   $27,051 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements – contingent rent

   17,857    17,861 

IMAX systems – contingent rent

   26    —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   45,833    44,912 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Theater business

    

IMAX systems

   13,188    20,868 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements – fixed fees

   2,539    —   

Theater system maintenance

   12,951    12,712 

Other theater

   1,626    1,377 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   30,304    34,957 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

New business

   834    608 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other

    

Film post-production

   1,947    3,163 

Film distribution

   715    571 

Other

   565    773 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   3,227    4,507 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

  $80,198   $84,984 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross Margin

    

Network business

    

IMAX DMR(2)

  $19,775   $18,782 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements – contingent rent(2)

   11,795    12,740 

IMAX systems – contingent rent

   26    —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   31,596    31,522 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Theater business

    

IMAX systems(2)

   7,166    14,292 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements – fixed fees(2)

   295    —   

Theater system maintenance

   5,281    6,205 

Other theater

   475    (45
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   13,217    20,452 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

New business

   619    (1,469
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other

    

Film post-production

   685    1,685 

Film distribution(2)

   (710   (1,239

Other

   (267   (259
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   (292   187 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total segment margin

  $45,140   $50,692 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)

The Company’s largest customer represented 11.4 % and 14.4%18.9% of total revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively (2016 —11.2% and 14.3%, respectively)March 31, 2019 (2018 —17.2%).

(2)

IMAX DMR segment margins include marketing costs of $2.5 million and $9.8$3.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively (2016March 31, 2019 (2018$4.2 million and $11.7 million, respectively)$4.1 million). Joint revenue sharing arrangements segment margins include advertising, marketing and commission costs of $1.3 million and $2.5$0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively (2016March 31, 2019 (2018$0.9 million and $1.9 million, respectively)$0.2 million). IMAX systems segment margins include marketing and commission costs of $1.1 million and $2.2$0.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively (2016March 31, 2019 (2018$1.3 million and $3.0 million, respectively)$0.7 million). Film distribution segment margins include a marketing expense of less than $0.1 million and recovery of $0.7$0.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively (2016March 31, 2019 (2018 an expense of $0.6 million and $2.1 million, respectively)$1.2 million).

Geographic Information

Revenue by geographic area is based on the location of the customer. Revenue related to IMAX DMR is presented based upon the geographic location of the theaters that exhibit there-mastered films. IMAX DMR revenue is generated through contractual relationships with studios and other third parties and these may not be in the same geographical location as the theater.

 

  Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended   Three Months Ended 
  September 30,   September 30,   March 31, 
  2017   2016   2017   2016   2019   2018 

Revenue

            

Greater China

  $36,563   $29,736   $88,135   $84,797   $26,681   $28,146 

United States

   33,324    28,139    85,030    96,276    24,293    27,632 

Asia (excluding Greater China)

   9,233    10,665    25,177    25,034    8,790    9,230 

Western Europe

   8,090    6,140    20,846    26,522    8,443    10,262 

Latin America

   2,653    1,479 

Canada

   1,872    2,566 

Russia & the CIS

   1,688    1,990 

Rest of the World

   3,331    5,697    10,366    11,554    5,778    3,679 

Canada

   3,732    2,368    10,045    9,992 

Latin America

   2,688    1,408    8,122    8,562 

Russia & the CIS

   1,839    2,397    7,493    7,684 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  $98,800   $86,550   $255,214   $270,421   $80,198   $84,984 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

No single country in the Rest of the World, Western Europe, Latin America and Asia (excluding Greater China) classifications comprises more than 10% of the total revenue.

15.14.

Employee’s Pension and Postretirement Benefits

 

 (a)

Defined Benefit Plan

The Company has an unfunded U.S. defined benefit pension plan (the “SERP”) covering Richard L. Gelfond, CEO of the Company.

The following table provides disclosure of the pension obligation for the SERP:

 

  September 30,   December 31,   March 31,   December 31, 
  2017   2016   2019   2018 

Projected benefit obligation:

        

Obligation, beginning of period

  $19,580   $19,478   $17,977   $19,003 

Interest cost

   320    261    141    422 

Actuarial gain

   —      (159   —      (1,448
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Obligation, end of period and unfunded status

  $19,900   $19,580   $18,118   $17,977 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

The following table provides disclosure of pension expense for the SERP:

 

   Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended 
   September 30,   September 30, 
   2017   2016   2017   2016 

Interest cost

  $107   $65   $320   $196 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Pension expense

  $107   $65   $320   $196 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 
   2019   2018 

Interest cost

  $141   $105 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

No contributions are expected to be made for the SERP during the remainder of 2017.2019. The Company expects interest costs of $0.1$0.4 million to be recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost during the remainder of 2017.2019.

The accumulated benefit obligation for the SERP was $19.9$18.1 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 (December 31, 20162018$19.6$18.0 million).

The following benefit payments are expected to be made as per the current SERP assumptions and the terms of the SERP in each of the next 5 years, and in the aggregate:

2017 (three months remaining)

  $—   

2018

   —   

2019

   —   

2020

   21,115 

2021

   —   

Thereafter

   —   
  

 

 

 
  $21,115 
  

 

 

 

The SERP assumptions are that Mr. Gelfond will receive a lump sum payment six months after retirement at the end of the current term of his employment agreement (December 31, 2019), although Mr. Gelfond has not informed the Company that he intends to retire at that time.

 

 (b)

Defined Contribution Pension Plan

The Company also maintains defined contribution plans for its employees, including its executive officers. The Company makes contributions to these plans on behalf of employees in an amount up to 5% of their base salary subject to certain prescribed maximums. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company contributed and expensed an aggregate of $0.3$0.4 million and $0.9 million, respectively (2016(2018 — $0.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively)million) to its Canadian defined contribution plan and an aggregate of $0.1$0.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively (2016(2018$0.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively)$0.2 million) to its defined contribution employee plan under Section 401(k) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code.

 (c)

Postretirement Benefits - Executives

The Company has an unfunded postretirement plan for Mr. Gelfond and Bradley J. Wechsler, Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors. The plan provides that the Company will maintain health benefits for Messrs. Gelfond and Wechsler until they become eligible for Medicare and, thereafter, the Company will provide Medicare supplement coverage as selected by Messrs. Gelfond and Wechsler. The postretirement benefits obligation as at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 is $0.7$0.6 million (December 31, 20162018 — $0.6 million). The Company has expensed less than $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively (2016March 31, 2019 (2018 — less than $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively)million).

The following benefit payments are expected to be made as per the current plan assumptions in each of the next 5 years:

2017 (three months remaining)

  $21 

2018

   24 

2019

   26 

2020

   33 

2021

   36 

Thereafter

   527 
  

 

 

 

Total

  $667 
  

 

 

 

 (d)

Postretirement Benefits – Canadian Employees

The Company has an unfunded postretirement plan for its Canadian employees upon meeting specific eligibility requirements. The Company will provide eligible participants, upon retirement, with health and welfare benefits. The postretirement benefits obligation as at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 is $2.3$1.5 million (December 31, 20162018 — $1.7$1.5 million). The Company has expensed less than $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively (2016March 31, 2019 (2018 — less than $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively)million).

The following benefit payments are expected to be made as per the current plan assumptions in each of the next 5 years:

2017 (three months remaining)

  $99 

2018

   105 

2019

   112 

2020

   115 

2021

   117 

Thereafter

   1,723 
  

 

 

 

Total

  $2,271 
  

 

 

 

 

 (e)

Deferred Compensation RetirementBenefit Plan

In September 2016, theThe Company entered intomaintained a new employment agreement withnonqualified deferred compensation benefit plan (the “Retirement Plan”) covering Greg Foster, former CEO of IMAX Entertainment and Senior Executive Vice President of the Company, which provides for an employment term from July 2, 2016 through July 2, 2019.Company. Under the agreement, the Company agreed to create a deferred compensation plan (the “Retirement Plan”) covering Mr. Foster, and to make a total contributionterms of $3.2 million over the three-year employment term. Thehis Retirement Plan is subject to a vesting schedule based on continued employment with the Company, such that 25%the Retirement Plan will vest July 2019; 50% will vest July 2022; 75% will vest July 2025; andin full if Mr. Foster will be 100%incurs a separation of service (as defined therein). In the fourth quarter of 2018, Mr. Foster incurred a separation from service, and as such, his Retirement Plan benefits became fully vested as at December 31, 2018 and the accelerated costs were recognized and reflected in July 2027.the executive transition costs line on the consolidated statement of operations. As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company had an unfundeda funded benefit obligation recorded of $0.8$3.6 million (December 31, 20162018$0.5$3.6 million). The Company recognized an expense of $0.2 million and $0.3 million fordid not recognize any additional expenses in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

March 31, 2019 (2018 – $0.2 million).

16.15.

Financial Instruments

 

 (a)

Financial Instruments

The Company maintains cash with various major financial institutions. The Company’s cash is invested with highly rated financial institutions.

The Company’s accounts receivables and financing receivables are subject to credit risk. The Company’s accounts receivablereceivables and financing receivables are concentrated with the theater exhibition industry and film entertainment industry. To minimize the Company’s credit risk, the Company retains title to underlying theater systems leased, performs initial and ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and makes ongoing provisions for its estimate of potentially uncollectible amounts. The Company believes it has adequately provided for related exposures surrounding receivables and contractual commitments.

 

 (b)

Fair Value Measurements

The carrying values of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities due within one year approximate fair values due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. The Company’s other financial instruments are comprised of the following:

 

   As at September 30, 2017   As at December 31, 2016 
   Carrying   Estimated   Carrying   Estimated 
   Amount   Fair Value   Amount   Fair Value 

Cash and cash equivalents

  $157,708   $157,708   $204,759   $204,759 

Net financed sales receivable

  $117,257   $117,406   $114,041   $115,014 

Net investment in sales-type leases

  $6,253   $6,276   $8,084   $8,372 

Convertible loan receivable

  $1,500   $1,500   $1,000   $1,000 

Available-for-sale investment

  $1,000   $997   $1,000   $1,007 

Foreign exchange contracts — designated forwards

  $1,621   $1,621   $(296  $(296

Borrowings under the Playa Vista Loan

  $(26,167  $(26,167  $(27,667  $(27,667
   As at March 31, 2019   As at December 31, 2018 
   Carrying   Estimated   Carrying  Estimated 
   Amount   Fair Value   Amount  Fair Value 

Level 1

       

Cash and cash equivalents(1)

  $123,084   $123,084   $141,590  $141,590 

Equity securities(3)

   17,644    17,644    —     —   

Level 2

       

Net financed sales receivables(2)

  $117,087   $116,283   $117,990  $117,428 

Net investment in sales-type leases(2)

   8,828    8,903    9,442   9,529 

Convertible loan receivable(2)

   1,500    1,500    1,500   1,500 

Equity securities(3)

   2,035    2,035    2,022   2,022 

Foreign exchange contracts — designated forwards(3)

   (815   (815   (1,202  (1,202

Borrowings under the Credit Facility(1)

   (60,000   (60,000   (40,000  (40,000

Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of cash and interest-bearing investments with original maturity dates of 90 days or less. Cash and cash equivalents are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value (Level 1 input in accordance with the Fair Value Measurements Topic of the FASB ASC hierarchy) as at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

(1)

Recorded at cost, which approximates fair value.

(2)

Estimated based on discounting future cash flows at currently available interest rates with comparable terms.

(3)

Value determined using quoted prices in active markets.

The estimated fair values of the net financed sales receivable and net investment in sales-type leases are estimated based on discounting future cash flows at currently available interest rates with comparable terms (Level 2 input in accordance with the Fair Value Measurements Topic of the FASB ASC hierarchy) as at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

The estimated fair value of the Company’s convertible loan receivable is based on discounting future cash flows at currently available interest rates with comparable terms (Level 2 input in accordance with the Fair Value Measurements Topic of the FASB ASC hierarchy) as at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

The fair value of the Company’savailable-for-sale investment is determined using quoted prices in active markets (Level 2 input in accordance with the Fair Value Measurements Topic of the FASB ASC hierarchy) as at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

The fair value of foreign currency derivatives is determined using quoted prices in active markets (Level 2 input in accordance with the Fair Value Measurements Topic of the FASB ASC hierarchy) as at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. These identical instruments are traded on a closed exchange.

The carrying value of borrowings under the Playa Vista Loan approximates fair value as the interest rates offered under the Playa Vista Loan are close to September 30, 2017 market rates for the Company for debt of the same remaining maturities (Level 2 input in accordance with the Fair Value Measurements Topic of the FASB ASC hierarchy) as at September 30, 2017.

There were no significant transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 or 2016. When a determination is made to classify an asset or liability within Level 3, the determination is based upon the significance of the unobservable

inputs to the overall fair value measurement. There were no transfers in or out of the Company’s levelLevel 3 assets during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019 and 2018.

 

 (c)

Financing Receivables

The Company’s net investment in leases and its net financed salesales receivables are subject to the disclosure requirements of ASC 310 “Receivables”. Due to differing risk profiles of its net investment in leases and its net financed sales receivables, the Company views its net investment in leases and its net financed sale receivables as separate classes of financing receivables. The Company does not aggregate financing receivables to assess impairment.

The Company monitors the credit quality of each customer on a frequent basis through collections and aging analyses. The Company also holds meetings monthly in order to identify credit concerns and whether a change in credit quality classification is required for the customer. A customer may improve in their credit quality classification once a substantial payment is made on overdue balances or the customer has agreed to a payment plan with the Company and payments have commenced in accordance to the payment plan. The change in credit quality indicator is dependent upon management approval.

The Company classifies its customers into four categories to indicate the credit quality worthiness of its financing receivables for internal purposes only:

Good standing — Theater continues to be in good standing with the Company as the client’s payments and reporting areup-to-date.

Credit Watch — Theater operator has begun to demonstrate a delay in payments, and has been placed on the Company’s credit watch list for continued monitoring, but active communication continues with the Company. Depending on the size of outstanding balance, length of time in arrears and other factors, transactions may need to be approved by management. These financing receivables are considered to be in better condition than those receivables related to theaters in the“Pre-approved transactions” category, but not in as good of condition as those receivables in “Good standing.”standing”.

Pre-approved transactions only — Theater operator is demonstrating a delay in payments with little or no communication with the Company. All service or shipments to the theater must be reviewed and approved by management. These financing receivables are considered to be in better condition than those receivables related to theaters in the “All transactions suspended” category, but not in as good of condition as those receivables in “Credit Watch.”Watch”. Depending on the individual facts and circumstances of each customer, finance income recognition may be suspended if management believes the receivable to be impaired.

All transactions suspended — Theater is severely delinquent,non-responsive or not negotiating in good faith with the Company. Once a theater is classified as “All transactions suspended” the theater is placed on nonaccrual status and all revenue recognitions related to the theater are stopped.

The following table discloses the recorded investment in financing receivables by credit quality indicator:

 

  As at September 30, 2017   As at December 31, 2016   As at March 31, 2019   As at December 31, 2018 
  Minimum   Financed       Minimum   Financed       Minimum   Financed       Minimum   Financed     
  Lease   Sales       Lease   Sales       Lease   Sales       Lease   Sales     
  Payments   Receivables   Total   Payments   Receivables   Total   Payments   Receivables   Total   Payments   Receivables   Total 

In good standing

  $5,439   $112,619   $118,058   $7,741   $111,568   $119,309   $8,409   $106,719   $115,128   $8,701   $108,574   $117,275 

Credit Watch

   627    4,030    4,657    —      1,514    1,514    574    9,652    10,226    574    8,723    9,297 

Pre-approved transactions

   364    574    938    —      842    842    —      573    573    322    565    887 

Transactions suspended

   144    956    1,100    1,015    611    1,626    —      982    982    —      967    967 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
  $6,574   $118,179   $124,753   $8,756   $114,535   $123,291   $8,983   $117,926   $126,909   $9,597   $118,829   $128,426 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

While recognition of finance income is suspended, payments received by a customer are applied against the outstanding balance owed. If payments are sufficient to cover any unreserved receivables, a recovery of provision taken on the billed amount, if applicable, is recorded to the extent of the residual cash received. Once the collectibility issues are resolved and the customer has returned to being in good standing, the Company will resume recognition of finance income.

The Company’s investment in financing receivables on nonaccrual status is as follows:

 

  As at September 30, 2017   As at December 31, 2016   As at March 31, 2019   As at December 31, 2018 
  Recorded   Related   Recorded   Related   Recorded   Related   Recorded   Related 
  Investment   Allowance   Investment   Allowance   Investment   Allowance   Investment   Allowance 

Net investment in leases

  $144   $(144  $1,015   $(672  $—     $—     $—     $—   

Net financed sales receivables

   956    (848   611    (494   982    (739   967    (739
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  $1,100   $(992  $1,626   $(1,166  $982   $(739  $967   $(739
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

The Company considers financing receivables with aging between60-89 days as indications of theaters with potential collection concerns. The Company will begin to focus its review on these financing receivables and increase its discussions internally and with the theater regarding payment status. Once a theater’s aging exceeds 90 days, the Company’s policy is to review and assess collectibility on the theater’s past due accounts. Over 90 days past due is used by the Company as an indicator of potential impairment as invoices up to 90 days outstanding could be considered reasonable due to the time required for dispute resolution or for the provision of further information or supporting documentation to the customer.

The Company’s aged financing receivables are as follows:

 

  As at September 30, 2017 
                  Related         Recorded  As at March 31, 2019 
  Accrued           Billed   Unbilled   Total     Investment          Related     Recorded 
  and           Financing   Recorded   Recorded   Related Net of  Accrued     Billed Unbilled Total   Investment 
  Current   30-89 Days   90+ Days   Receivables   Investment   Investment   Allowances Allowances  and
Current
 30-89 Days 90+ Days Financing
Receivables
 Recorded
Investment
 Recorded
Investment
 Related
Allowances
 Net of
Allowances
 

Net investment in leases

  $98   $33   $373   $504   $6,070   $6,574   $(321 $6,253  $32  $103  $166  $301  $8,682  $8,983  $(155 $8,828 

Net financed sales receivables

   3,071    937    3,085    7,093    111,086    118,179    (922 117,257  862  2,804  5,901  9,567  108,359  117,926  (839 117,087 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total

  $3,169   $970   $3,458   $7,597   $117,156   $124,753   $(1,243 $123,510  $894  $2,907  $6,067  $9,868  $117,041  $126,909  $(994 $125,915 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 
  As at December 31, 2016  As at December 31, 2018 
                  Related         Recorded          Related     Recorded 
  Accrued           Billed   Unbilled   Total     Investment  Accrued     Billed Unbilled Total   Investment 
  and           Financing   Recorded   Recorded   Related Net of  and     Financing Recorded Recorded Related Net of 
  Current   30-89 Days   90+ Days   Receivables   Investment   Investment   Allowances Allowances  Current 30-89 Days 90+ Days Receivables Investment Investment Allowances Allowances 

Net investment in leases

  $28   $159   $781   $968   $7,788   $8,756   $(672 $8,084  $52  $18  $253  $323  $9,274  $9,597  $(155 $9,442 

Net financed sales receivables

   2,393    1,724    2,368    6,485    108,050    114,535    (494 114,041  1,442  2,066  5,241  8,749  110,080  118,829  (839 117,990 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total

  $2,421   $1,883   $3,149   $7,453   $115,838   $123,291   $(1,166 $122,125  $1,494  $2,084  $5,494  $9,072  $119,354  $128,426  $(994 $127,432 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

The Company’s recorded investment in past due financing receivables for which the Company continues to accrue finance income is as follows:

 

  As at September 30, 2017 
                  Related       Recorded  As at March 31, 2019 
  Accrued           Billed   Unbilled       Investment          Related   Recorded 
  and           Financing   Recorded   Related   Past Due  Accrued     Billed Unbilled   Investment 
  Current   30-89 Days   90+ Days   Receivables   Investment   Allowance   and Accruing  and
Current
 30-89 Days 90+ Days Financing
Receivables
 Recorded
Investment
 Related
Allowance
 Past Due and
Accruing
 

Net investment in leases

  $90   $33   $373   $496   $2,733   $—     $3,229  $—    $28  $159  $187  $648  $—    $835 

Net financed sales receivables

   1,263    566    2,713    4,542    31,505    —      36,047  330  1,265  5,812  7,407  32,371   —    39,778 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total

  $1,353   $599   $3,086   $5,038   $34,238   $—     $39,276  $330  $1,293  $5,971  $7,594  $33,019  $—    $40,613 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 
  As at December 31, 2016  As at December 31, 2018 
                  Related       Recorded  Accrued
and
Current
 30-89 Days 90+ Days Billed
Financing
Receivables
 Related
Unbilled
Recorded
Investment
 Related
Allowance
 Recorded
Investment
Past Due and
Accruing
 
  Accrued           Billed   Unbilled       Investment 
  and           Financing   Recorded   Related   Past Due 
  Current   30-89 Days   90+ Days   Receivables   Investment   Allowance   and Accruing 

Net investment in leases

  $—     $54   $244   $298   $1,646   $—     $1,944  $28  $9  $246  $283  $1,523  $—    $1,806 

Net financed sales receivables

   284    634    1,854    2,772    20,147    —      22,919  558  1,472  5,860  7,890  31,507   —    39,397 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total

  $284   $688   $2,098   $3,070   $21,793   $—     $24,863  $586  $1,481  $6,106  $8,173  $33,030  $—    $41,203 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

The Company considers financing receivables to be impaired when it believes it to be probable that it will not recover the full amount of principal or interest owing under the arrangement. The Company uses its knowledge of the industry and economic trends, as well as its prior experiences to determine the amount recoverable for impaired financing receivables. The following table discloses information regarding the Company’s impaired financing receivables:

   For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 
   Recorded
Investment
   Unpaid
Principal
   Related
Allowance
  Average
Recorded
Investment
   Interest
Income
Recognized
 

Recorded investment for which there is a related allowance:

         

Net financed sales receivables

  $1,051   $266   $(922 $697   $24 

Recorded investment for which there is no related allowance:

         

Net financed sales receivables

   —      —      —     —      —   

Total recorded investment in impaired loans:

         
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net financed sales receivables

  $1,051   $266   $(922 $697   $24 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 
   Recorded
Investment
   Unpaid
Principal
   Related
Allowance
  Average
Recorded
Investment
   Interest
Income
Recognized
 

Recorded investment for which there is a related allowance:

         

Net financed sales receivables

  $748   $269   $(643 $748   $—   

Recorded investment for which there is no related allowance:

         

Net financed sales receivables

   —      —      —     —      —   

Total recorded investment in impaired loans:

         
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net financed sales receivables

  $748   $269   $(643 $748   $—   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 
   Recorded
Investment
   Unpaid
Principal
   Related
Allowance
  Average
Recorded
Investment
   Interest
Income
Recognized
 

Recorded investment for which there is a related allowance:

         

Net financed sales receivables

  $1,051   $266   $(922 $562   $84 

Recorded investment for which there is no related allowance:

         

Net financed sales receivables

   —      —      —     —      —   

Total recorded investment in impaired loans:

         
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net financed sales receivables

  $1,051   $266   $(922 $562   $84 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 
   Recorded
Investment
   Unpaid
Principal
   Related
Allowance
  Average
Recorded
Investment
   Interest
Income
Recognized
 

Recorded investment for which there is a related allowance:

         

Net financed sales receivables

  $748   $269   $(643 $674   $—   

Recorded investment for which there is no related allowance:

         

Net financed sales receivables

   —      —      —     —      —   

Total recorded investment in impaired loans:

         
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net financed sales receivables

  $748   $269   $(643 $674   $—   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

  For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 
           Average  Interest 
  Recorded  Unpaid  Related  Recorded  Income 
  Investment  Principal  Allowance  Investment  Recognized 

Recorded investment for which there is a related allowance:

     

Net investment in leases

 $—    $—    $—    $—    $—   

Net financed sales receivables

  869   113   (739  869   —   

Recorded investment for which there is no related allowance:

     

Net investment in leases

  —     —     —     —     —   

Net financed sales receivables

  —     —     —     —     —   

Total recorded investment in impaired loans:

     
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net investment in leases

 $—    $—    $—    $—    $—   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net financed sales receivables

 $869  $113  $(739 $869  $—   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
  For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 
           Average  Interest 
  Recorded  Unpaid  Related  Recorded  Income 
  Investment  Principal  Allowance  Investment  Recognized 

Recorded investment for which there is a related allowance:

     

Net investment in leases

 $—    $—    $—    $—    $—   

Net financed sales receivables

  1,050   5   (922  1,050   —   

Recorded investment for which there is no related allowance:

     

Net investment in leases

  —     —     —     —     —   

Net financed sales receivables

  —     —     —     —     —   

Total recorded investment in impaired loans:

     
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net investment in leases

 $—    $—    $—    $—    $—   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net financed sales receivables

 $1,050  $5  $(922 $1,050  $—   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The Company’s activity in the allowance for credit losses for the period and the Company’s recorded investment in financing receivables are as follows:

 

  Three Months Ended March 31, 2019  Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 
  Net Investment  Net Financed  Net Investment  Net Financed 
  in Leases  Sales Receivables  in Leases  Sales Receivables 
Allowance for credit losses:            

Beginning balance

 $155  $839  $155  $922 

Charge-offs

  —     —     —     —   

Recoveries

  —     —     —     —   

Provision

  —     —     —     —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

 $155  $839  $155  $922 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment

 $155  $839  $155  $922 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Financing receivables:

    

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment

 $8,983  $117,926  $7,337  $123,514 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

  Three Months Ended September 30, 2017  Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 
  Net Investment
in Leases
  Net Financed
Sales Receivables
  Net Investment
in Leases
  Net Financed
Sales Receivables
 

Allowance for credit losses:

    

Beginning balance

 $321  $427  $672  $494 

Charge-offs

  —     —     (351  (67

Recoveries

  —     —     —     —   

Provision

  —     495   —     495 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

 $321  $922  $321  $922 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment

 $321  $922  $321  $922 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Financing receivables:

    

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment

 $6,574  $118,179  $6,574  $118,179 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
  Three Months Ended September 30, 2016  Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 
  Net Investment
in Leases
  Net Financed
Sales Receivables
  Net Investment
in Leases
  Net Financed
Sales Receivables
 

Allowance for credit losses:

    

Beginning balance

 $672  $643  $672  $568 

Charge-offs

  —     —     —     —   

Recoveries

  —     —     —     —   

Provision

  —     —     —     75 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

 $672  $643  $672  $643 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment

 $672  $643  $672  $643 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Financing receivables:

    

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment

 $9,515  $110,697  $9,515  $110,697 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

 (d)

Foreign Exchange Risk Management

The Company is exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates. A majority portion of the Company’s revenues is denominated in U.S. dollars while a substantial portion of its costs and expenses is denominated in Canadian dollars. A portion of the net U.S. dollar cash flows of the Company is periodically converted to Canadian dollars to fund Canadian dollar expenses through the spot market. In China and Japan, the Company has ongoing operating expenses related to its operations in Chinese Renminbi and Japanese yen, respectively. Net cash flows are converted to and from U.S. dollars through the spot market. The Company also has cash receipts under leases denominated in Chinese Renminbi, Japanese yen, Canadian dollars and Euros which are converted to U.S. dollars through the spot market. In addition, because IMAX films generate box office in 7581 different countries, unfavourable exchange rates between applicable local currencies and the U.S. dollar affect the Company’s reported grossbox-office and revenues, further impacting the Company’s results of operations. The Company’s policy is to not use any financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes.

The Company entered into a series of foreign currency forward contracts to manage the Company’s risks associated with the volatility of foreign currencies. Certain of these foreign currency forward contracts met the criteria required for hedge accounting under the Derivatives and Hedging Topic of the FASB ASC at inception, and continue to meet hedge effectiveness tests at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 (the “Foreign Currency Hedges”), with settlement dates throughout 2017, 20182019 and 2019.2020. Foreign currency derivatives are recognized and measured in the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in the fair value (gains or losses) are recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations except for derivatives designated and qualifying as foreign currency cash flow hedging instruments. The Company currently has cash flow hedging instruments associated with selling, general and administrative expenses and capital expenditures. For foreign currency cash flow hedging instruments related to selling, general and administrative expenses, the effective portion of the gain or loss in a hedge of a forecasted transaction is reported in other comprehensive income and reclassified to the condensed consolidated statements of operations when the forecasted transaction occurs. Any ineffectiveFor foreign currency cash flow hedging instruments related to capital expenditures, the effective portion of the gain or loss in a hedge of a forecasted transaction is recognized immediatelyreported in other comprehensive income and reclassified to property, plant and equipment on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.balance sheet when the forecasted transaction occurs. The Company currently does not hold any derivatives which are not designated as hedging instruments.

The following tabular disclosures reflect the impact that derivative instruments and hedging activities have on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements:

Notional value of foreign exchange contracts:

 

  March 31,   December 31, 
  September 30,
2017
   December 31,
2016
   2019   2018 

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:

        

Foreign exchange contracts — Forwards

  $35,128   $37,825   $43,885   $50,828 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Fair value of derivatives in foreign exchange contracts:

 

 March 31, December 31, 
 

Balance Sheet Location

 September 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
  

Balance Sheet Location

 2019 2018 

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:

      

Foreign exchange contracts — Forwards

 Other assets $1,632  $480  Other assets $235  $649 
 Accrued and other liabilities (11 (776 

Accrued and other liabilities

 (1,050 (1,851
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 
  $1,621  $(296  $(815 $(1,202
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Derivatives in Foreign Currency Hedging relationships are as follows:

 

 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
      Three Months Ended March 31, 
 2017 2016 2017 2016      2019   2018 

Foreign exchange contracts — Forwards

 Derivative Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI (Effective Portion) $1,366  $(293 $2,451  $1,865   Derivative Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI  $68   $(1,007
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

     

 

   

 

 
 

Location of Derivative Gain

(Loss) Reclassified from AOCI

 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
   

Location of Derivative (Loss) Gain
Reclassified from AOCI

  Three Months Ended March 31, 
 

into Income (Effective Portion)

 2017 2016 2017 2016  2019   2018 

Foreign exchange contracts — Forwards

 Selling, general and administrative expenses $717  $(572 $533  $(2,565  Selling, general and administrative expenses  $(306  $220 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   Property, plant and equipment   (13   —   
    

 

   

 

 
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
     $(319  $220 
 2017 2016 2017 2016     

 

   

 

 
     Three Months Ended March 31, 
     2019   2018 

Foreign exchange contracts — Forwards

 Derivative Loss Recognized In and Out of OCI (Effective Portion) $—    $—    $(80 $—     Derivative Gain Recognized In and Out of OCI  $—     $46 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

     

 

   

 

 

The Company’s estimated net amount of the existing gainslosses as at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 is $1.1$0.9 million, which is expected to be reclassified to earnings within the next twelve months.

 

 (e)

Investments in New Business Ventures

The Company accounts for investments in new business ventures using the guidance of the FASB ASC 323, or FASB ASC 320 and FASB ASC 321, as appropriate.

As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the equity method of accounting is being utilized for an investment with a carrying value of $nil (December 31, 20162018 — $nil). The Company’s accumulated losses in excess of its equity investment were $0.7$1.7 million as at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, and are classified in Accrued and other liabilities. For the three months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, gross revenues, cost of revenue and net loss for the Company’s investment was $0.2 million, $1.0$0.5 million and $0.8$0.4 million, respectively (2016(2018 — $nil, $1.6$0.5 million, $0.9 million and $1.5 million, respectively). For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, gross revenues, cost of revenue and net loss for the Company’s investments were $0.7 million, $2.8 million and $2.3 million, respectively (2016 — $0.3 million, $6.0 million and $5.6$0.6 million, respectively). The Company has determined it is not the primary beneficiary of this VIE, and therefore this entity has not been consolidated. In 2016,a prior year, the Company issued a convertible loan of $1.0$1.5 million to this entity with a term of 3three years with an annual effective interest rate of 5.0%. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company issued an additional $0.5 million under this existing convertible loan. The instrument is classified as anavailable-for-sale investment due to certain features that allow for conversion to common stock in the entity in the event of certain triggers occurring.

In addition, the Company has an investment in preferred stock of another business venture of $1.5 million which meet the criteria for classification as a debt security under the FASB ASC 320 and is recorded at a fair value of $nil at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 (December 31, 20162018 — $nil). This investment was classified as anavailable-for-sale investment.

Furthermore, the Company has an investment of $1.0 million (December 31, 20162018 — $1.0 million) in the shares of an exchange traded fund. This investment is also classified as anavailable-for-sale equity investment.

As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company held investments with a total value of $3.5 million in the preferred shares of enterprises which meet the criteria for classification as an equity security under FASB ASC 325, carried at historical cost, net of impairment charges. The carrying value of these equity security investments was $1.0 million at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 (December 31, 20162018 — $nil)$1.0 million).

On January 17, 2019, IMAX China (Hong Kong), Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of IMAX China, as an investor entered into a cornerstone investment agreement with Maoyan Entertainment (“Maoyan”) (as the issuer) and Morgan Stanley Asia Limited (as a sponsor, underwriter and the underwriters’ representative). Pursuant to this agreement, IMAX China (Hong Kong), Limited agreed to invest $15.2 million to subscribe for a certain number of shares of Maoyan at the final offer price pursuant to the global offering of the share capital of Maoyan, and this investment would be subject to, alock-up period of six months following the date of the global offering. On February 4, 2019, Maoyan completed its global offering, upon which, IMAX China (Hong Kong),

Limited became a less than 1% shareholder in Maoyan. This investment is classified as an equity security under the FASB ASC 321, with a readily determinable market value through the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Changes in fair value are recorded in the Movements in fair value of financial instruments line item in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company has recorded a net unrealized gain of $2.5 million.

The total carrying value of investments in new business ventures, including the equity investment, as at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 is $3.5$21.2 million (December 31, 20162018 — $2.0$3.5 million) and is recorded in Other assets.

 

17.16.

Non-Controlling Interests

 

 (a)

IMAX ChinaNon-Controlling Interest

On October 8, 2015, IMAX China completed the IMAX China IPO. Following the IMAX China IPO, theThe Company continues to indirectly ownowns approximately 68.2%68.24% of IMAX China whichHolding, Inc. (“IMAX China”), whose shares trade on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. IMAX China remains a consolidated subsidiary of the Company. On October 15, 2015, in satisfaction of its obligations under the shareholders’ agreement, IMAX China paid a dividend of $9.5 million to thenon-controlling interest shareholders.

The following summarizes the movement of thenon-controlling interest in shareholders’ equity, in the Company’s subsidiary for the nine months ended September 30, 2017:

Balance as at December 31, 2016

  $59,562 

Net income

   8,947 

Other comprehensive income

   904 
  

 

 

 

Balance as at September 30, 2017

  $69,413 
  

 

 

 

 

 (b)

OtherNon-Controlling Interest

In 2014, the Company announced the creation of theThe Company’s Original Film Fund was established in 2014 toco-finance a portfolio of 10 original large-format films. The Original Film Fund, which is intended to be capitalized with up to $50.0 million, will finance an ongoing supply of original films that the Company believes will be more exciting and compelling than traditional documentaries. The initial investment in the Original Film Fund was committed to by a third party in the amount of $25.0 million, with the possibility of contributing additional funds. The Company agreed to contributehas contributed $9.0 million to the Original Film Fund over five years starting insince 2014, and has reached its maximum contribution. The Company sees the Original Film Fund as a self-perpetuating vehicle designed to generate a continuous, steady flow of high-quality documentary content. As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Original Film Fund has invested $13.4$20.9 million toward the development of original films. The related production, financing and distribution agreement includes put and call rights relating to change of control of the rights, title and interest in theco-financed pictures.

The Company also established its VR Fund among the Company, its subsidiary IMAX China and other strategic investors to help finance the creation of interactive VR content experiences for use across all VR platforms, including in the pilot IMAX VR Centers. The VR Fund helped finance the production of one interactive VR experience, which debuted exclusively in the pilot IMAX VR Centers in November 2017 before being made available to other VR platforms. As at March 31, 2019, the Company invested $4.0 million toward the development of VR content. In December 2018, the Company announced, in connection with its strategic review of its VR pilot initiative, that it had decided to close its remaining VR locations andwrite-off certain VR content investments. The Company has also decided to dissolve the VR Fund and not actively pursue any additional VR opportunities

The following summarizes the movement of thenon-controlling interest in temporary equity, in the Company’s subsidiary for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017:March 31, 2019:

 

Balance as at December 31, 2016

  $4,980 

Net loss

   (2,640
  

 

 

 

Balance as at September 30, 2017

  $2,340 
  

 

 

 

Balance as at December 31, 2018

  $6,439 

Net loss

   (110
  

 

 

 

Balance as at March 31, 2019

  $6,329 
  

 

 

 

18.17.

Exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments

In the prior year, the Company performed a strategic review of its business and decided to exit from certainnon-core businesses or initiatives, which included closing its VR locations. In addition, as part of the Company’s ongoing efforts to decrease costs, the Company has reduced certain functions and realigned resources. In the current period, certain costs that did not meet the recognition criteria in 2018 were recognized, including finalization of certain estimated costs.

The Company recognized the following charges in its condensed consolidated statements of operations:

 

   Three Months Ended
September 30, 2017
   Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2017
 

Restructuring charges

  $2,721   $7,426 

Asset impairments

   —      5,553 

Costs to exit an operating lease

   716    716 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $3,437   $13,695 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 
   2019   2018 

Restructuring charges

  $628   $702 

Costs to exit lease and restore facilities

   222    —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $850   $702 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(a)Costs to exit an operating lease

In September 2017, the Company relocated its New York office employees and operations as the existing leased space was not suitable to accommodate all current business needs. As the premises lease isnon-cancellable to the end of the term, the Company entered into a sublease arrangement to reduce the expected losses over the remaining term of the lease. Pursuant to FASB ASC 420 “Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations”, the Company has recognized a corporate segment expense of $0.7 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

(b)Restructuring charges

In June 2017, the Company announced the implementation of a cost reduction plan with the goal of increasing profitability, operating leverage and free cash flow. The cost reduction plan included the exit from certainnon-core businesses or initiatives, as well as aone-time reduction in workforce. Restructuring charges are comprised of employee severance costs including benefits and stock-based compensation, costs of consolidating facilities and contract termination costs. Restructuring charges are based upon plans that have been committed to by the Company, but may be refined in subsequent periods. These charges are recognized pursuant to FASB ASC 420. A liability for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity is recognized and measured at its fair value in the condensed consolidated statement of operations in the period in which the liability is incurred. When estimating the value of facility restructuring activities, assumptions are applied regarding estimatedsub-lease payments to be received, which can differ from actual results.

In connection with the Company’s restructuring initiatives,current year, the Company incurred $2.7 million and $7.4$0.6 million in restructuring charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.March 31, 2019 (2018 — $0.7 million). A summary of the restructuring and other costs by reporting groups identified by nature of product sold, or service provided as disclosed in note 1413 recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, are as follows:

 

   Three Months Ended
September 30, 2017
   Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2017
 
   Employee
Severance
and
Benefits
   Other
Exit Costs
   Total   Employee
Severance
and
Benefits
   Other
Exit Costs
   Total 

IMAX DMR

  $534   $—     $534   $1,082   $—     $1,082 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements

   —      —      —      59    —      59 

IMAX systems

   29    —      29    247    222    469 

Theater system maintenance

   80    —      80    818    —      818 

New business

   29    —      29    134    298    432 

Film post-production

   —      —      —      19    —      19 

Other

   25    —      25    581    —      581 

Corporate

   2,024    —      2,024    3,941    25    3,966 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $2,721   $—     $2,721   $6,881   $545   $7,426 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 
   2019   2018 

Corporate

  $628   $200 

IMAX DMR

   —      380 

Theater system maintenance

   —      122 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $628   $702 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

TheAt this time, the Company expectsdoes not expect to incurrecognize any additional restructuring charges of $0.9 million during the remainder of 2017.2019.

The following table sets forth a summary of restructuring accrual activities for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017:March 31, 2019:

 

   Employee
Severance and
Benefits
   Other
Exit Costs
   Total 

Balance as at December 31, 2016

  $—     $—     $—   

Restructuring charges

   6,881    545    7,426 

Cash payments

   (6,009   (377   (6,386

Other movements

   (372   (168   (540
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as at September 30, 2017

  $500   $—     $500 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Employee
Severance and
Benefits
 

Balance as at December 31, 2018

  $1,936 

Restructuring charges

   628 

Cash payments

   (1,459
  

 

 

 

Balance as at March 31, 2019

  $1,105 
  

 

 

 

(c)Associated Impairments

As a result ofIn the cost reduction plan discussed above, the Company recognized costs associated with the retirement of certain long-lived assets pursuant to the FASB ASC410-20, “Asset retirement and environmental obligations” and ASC360-10, “Property, plant and equipment”. The following impairments for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017 are a direct result ofMarch 31, 2019 and 2018, the exit activities described in (a) above.

   Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2017
 

Film assets

  $335 

Property, plant and equipment

   3,696 

Other assets

   1,522 
  

 

 

 
  $5,553 
  

 

 

 

The Company did not recognize any such impairmentsassociated impairments.

18.

Prior Period’s Figures

In the current year, variable consideration receivable from contracts is a separate line on the condensed consolidated balance sheet and removed from Other Assets. In addition, due to the adoption of ASU2017-07,non-service pension costs are now recorded in the three months ended September 30, 2017.Retirement benefitsnon-service expense line item in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. Prior year comparatives have been reclassified to reflect both of these changes.

IMAX CORPORATION

 

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

OVERVIEW

IMAX Corporation, together with its consolidated subsidiaries (the “Company”), is one of the world’s leading entertainment technology companies, specializing in motion picture technologies and presentations. The Company refers to all theaters using the IMAX theater system as “IMAX theaters”. IMAX offers a uniqueend-to-end cinematic solution combining proprietary software, theater architecture and equipment to create the highest-quality, most immersive motion picture experience for which the IMAX®IMAX® brand has become known globally. Top filmmakers and studios utilize IMAX theaters to connect with audiences in innovative ways, and, as a result, IMAX’s network is among the most important and successful theatrical distribution platforms for major event films around the world. There were 1,3021,514 IMAX theater systems (1,203(1,420 commercial multiplexes, 1314 commercial destinations, 8680 institutional) operating in 7581 countries as at March 31, 2019. This compares to 1,382 theater systems (1,286 commercial multiplexes, 12 commercial destinations, 84 institutional) operating in 77 countries as of September 30, 2017. This compares to 1,145 theater systems (1,037 commercial multiplexes, 16 commercial destinations, 92 institutional) operating in 74 countries as of September 30, 2016.March 31, 2018.

The Company’s core business consists of:

 

the DigitalRe-Mastering (“DMR”) of films into the IMAX format for exhibition in the IMAX theater network in exchange for a certain percentage of contingent box office receipts from both studios and exhibitors; and

 

the provision of IMAX premium theater systems (“IMAX theater systems”) to exhibitor customers through sales, long-term leases or joint revenue sharing arrangements.

IMAX theater systems are based on proprietary and patented technology developed over the course of the Company’s50-year51-year history and combine:

 

the ability to exhibit content that has undergone IMAX DMR conversion, which results in higher image and sound fidelity than conventional cinema experiences;

 

advanced, high-resolution projectors with specialized equipment and automated theater control systems, which generate significantly more contrast and brightness than conventional theater systems;

 

large screens and proprietary theater geometry, which result in a substantially larger field of view so that the screen extends to the edge of a viewer’s peripheral vision and creates more realistic images;

 

sound system components, which deliver more expansive sound imagery and pinpointed origination of sound to any specific spot in an IMAX theater; and

 

specialized theater acoustics, which result in a four-fold reduction in background noise.noise; and

a license to the globally recognized IMAX brand.

Together these components cause audiences in IMAX theaters to feel as if they are a part of theon-screen action, creating a more intense, immersive and exciting experience than in a traditional theater.

As a result of the immersiveness and superior image and sound quality ofThe IMAXExperience, the Company’s exhibitor customers typically charge a premium for IMAX DMR films over films exhibited in their other auditoriums. The premium pricing, combined with the higher attendance levels associated with IMAX DMR films, generates incremental box office for the Company’s exhibitor customers and for the movie studios releasing their films to the IMAX theater network. The incremental box office generated by IMAX DMR films has helped establish IMAX as a key premium distribution and marketing platform for Hollywood blockbuster films. Driven by the advent of digital technology that reduced the IMAX DMR conversion time and with the strengthening of the Company’s relationships with the major studios, the number of IMAX DMR films released to the theater network per year has increased significantly in recent years. The Company released 51 IMAX DMR films in 2016 and expects to release a similar number of IMAX DMR films in 2017.

As one of the world’s leaders in entertainment technology, the Company strives to remain at the forefront of advancements in cinema technology. To that end, the Company introduced its next-generation laser-based digital projection system at the end of 2014. The laser projection solution is the first IMAX digital projection system capable of illuminating the largest screens in its network. As at September 30, 2017, 46 laser-based digital systems were operational. The Company is inrecently introduced IMAX with Laser, the process of developing a commercial laser-based digitalCompany’s next-generation laser projection system designed for IMAX theaters in commercial multiplexes. The Company believes that IMAX with Laser delivers increased resolution, sharper and brighter images, deeper contrast as well as the widest range of colors available to filmmakers today. The Company further believes that IMAX laser-based projectors present greater brightnesswith Laser can help facilitate the next major lease renewal and clarity, higher contrast,upgrade cycle for the global commercial IMAX network.

To date the Company has signed IMAX with Laser agreements with leading, global exhibitors such as AMC Entertainment Holdings, Inc. (“AMC”), Cineworld Group PLC (“Cineworld”) and Les Cinémas Pathé Gaumont (“Pathé”) (among others), which includes new theaters, upgrades to existing IMAX theaters, and upgrades to existing backlog arrangements. As at March 31, 2019, the

Company’s backlog had 79 new IMAX with Laser systems and 103 upgrades to IMAX with Laser systems and expects to have approximately 135 IMAX with Laser systems installed by the end of 2019.

SOURCES OF REVENUE

The primary revenue sources for the Company can be categorized into four main groups: network business, theater business, new business and other.

For additional details regarding the Company’s sources of revenue, refer to the Company’s 2018Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (“the 2018Form 10-K”).

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”, utilizing the modified retrospective transition method with a wider color gamutcumulativecatch-up adjustment. The Company will review the variable interest assets on an ongoing basis.

Network Business: DigitalRe-Mastering (IMAX DMR) and deeper blacks, and consume less power and last longer than existing digital technology.

Joint Revenue Sharing Arrangements

NEW BUSINESS INITIATIVESDigitalRe-Mastering (IMAX DMR)

The Company has developed a proprietary technology, known as IMAX DMR, to digitallyre-master Hollywood films into IMAX digital cinema package format or15/70-format film for exhibition in IMAX theaters. IMAX DMR digitally enhances the image resolution of motion picture films for projection on IMAX screens while maintaining or enhancing the visual clarity and sound quality to levels for whichThe IMAXExperienceis known. In a typical IMAX DMR film arrangement, the Company receives a percentage, which in recent years has averaged approximately 12.5%, of net box office receipts, defined as gross box office receipts less applicable sales taxes, of any commercial films released outside of Greater China in return for converting them to the IMAX DMR format and distributing them through the IMAX theater network. Within Greater China, the Company receives a lower percentage of box office receipts for certain Hollywood films.

IMAX films also benefit from enhancements made by individual filmmakers exclusively for the IMAX release, and filmmakers and studios have sought IMAX-specific enhancements in recent years to generate interest in and excitement for their films. Such enhancements include shooting select scenes with IMAX cameras to increase the audience’s immersion in the film and taking advantage of the unique dimensions of the IMAX screen by projecting the film in a larger aspect ratio. For example, in April 2019Avengers: Endgame, will make history for the second time, as it will be the second film shot entirely using IMAX cameras. In addition, to date in 2019Alita: Battle AngelandCaptain Marvel were released with select scenes specifically formatted for IMAX screens. In addition, Disney’sThe Lion King, scheduled for release in July 2019, also will feature select scenes which were specifically formatted for IMAX screens.

The original soundtrack of a film to be exhibited in the IMAX theater network isre-mastered for the IMAX digital sound systems in connection with the IMAX DMR release. Unlike the soundtracks played in conventional theaters, IMAXre-mastered soundtracks are uncompressed and full fidelity. IMAX sound systems use proprietary loudspeaker systems and proprietary surround sound configurations that ensure every theater seat is in an optimal listening position.

The Company believes that the growth in international box office remains an important driver of future growth for the Company. To support continued growth in international markets, the Company has sought to bolster its international film strategy, supplementing the Company’s film slate of Hollywood DMR titles with appealing local IMAX DMR releases in select markets (particularly in China). During 2018, 25 local language IMAX DMR films, including 18 in China, three in India, one in each of France, South Korea, Japan and Russia, were released to the IMAX theater network. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, three local language IMAX DMR films, all of which were in China, were released to the IMAX theater network. The Company expects to announce additional local language IMAX DMR films to be released to the IMAX theater network in the remainder of 2019 and beyond. In March 2019, the Company released an IMAX original production,Superpower Dogs.

In addition to the 12 IMAX DMR films released to the IMAX theater network during the three months ended March 31, 2019, 23 additional IMAX DMR films have been announced so far to be released in the remainder of 2019 to the global IMAX theater network. The following dates noted for film release are subject to change and may vary by territory.

Shazam!: TheIMAXExperience(Warner Bros. Pictures, April 2019);

Hellboy: TheIMAXExperience(Lionsgate, April 2019);

Disneynature’s Penguins: TheIMAXExperience (Walt Disney Studios, April 2019);

The Curse of La Llorona: TheIMAXExperience(Warner Bros. Pictures, April 2019);

Avengers: Endgame: TheIMAXExperience(Walt Disney Studios, April 2019);

Pokémon: Detective Pikachu: TheIMAXExperience(Warner Bros. Pictures, May 2019, select international markets);

John Wick: Chapter 3 - Parabellum: TheIMAXExperience(Lionsgate, May 2019);

Godzilla: King of the Monsters: TheIMAXExperience(Warner Bros. Pictures, May 2019);

Aladdin: TheIMAXExperience(Walt Disney Studios, May 2019);

Dark Phoenix: The IMAXExperience (20th Century Fox and Walt Disney Studios, June 2019);

Men in Black: International: The IMAXExperience (Sony Pictures, June 2019);

Toy Story 4: TheIMAXExperience(Walt Disney Studios, June 2019);

Annabelle Comes Home: TheIMAXExperience(Warner Bros. Pictures, June 2019);

Spider-Man: Far From Home: The IMAXExperience (Sony Pictures, July 2019);

The Eight Hundred: TheIMAXExperience(Huayi Brothers, July 2019, China and select international markets);

The Lion King: TheIMAXExperience(Walt Disney Studios, July 2019);

Artemis Fowl: TheIMAXExperience(Walt Disney Studios, August 2019);

IT: Chapter 2: TheIMAXExperience(Warner Bros. Pictures, September 2019);

Joker: TheIMAXExperience(Warner Bros. Pictures, October 2019);

VIY 2: Mystery of the Dragon’s Seal: The IMAXExperience (Nashe Kino, September 2019, Russia and select international markets);

Frozen 2: TheIMAXExperience(Walt Disney Studios, November 2019);

Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle Sequel: The IMAXExperience (Sony Pictures, December 2019); and

Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker: TheIMAXExperience(Walt Disney Studios, December 2019).

The Company remains in active negotiations with all of the major Hollywood studios for additional films to fill out its short and long-term film slate for the IMAX theater network in 2019.

Joint Revenue Sharing Arrangements – Contingent Rent

The Company provides IMAX theater systems to certain of its exhibitor customers under joint revenue sharing arrangements (“JRSA”). The Company has two basic types of joint revenue sharing arrangements: traditional and hybrid.

For additional details regarding the two types of joint revenue sharing arrangements the Company has entered into with its exhibitor customers, refer to the Company’s 2018Form 10-K.

The introduction of joint revenue sharing arrangements has been an important factor in the expansion of the Company’s commercial theater network. Joint revenue sharing arrangements allow commercial theater exhibitors to install IMAX theater systems without the significant initial capital investment required in a sale or sales-type lease arrangement. Joint revenue sharing arrangements drive recurring cash flows and earnings for the Company, as customers under joint revenue sharing arrangements pay the Company a portion of their ongoing box office.

The Company funds its joint revenue sharing arrangements through cash flows from operations. As at March 31, 2019, the Company had 809 theaters in operation under joint revenue sharing arrangements, a 12.7% increase as compared to the 718 joint revenue sharing arrangements open as at March 31, 2018. The Company also had contracts in backlog for an additional 389 theaters under joint revenue sharing arrangements as at March 31, 2019.

IMAX Systems – Contingent Rent

Certain sales-type lease arrangements include contingent rent in excess of fixed minimum ongoing payments. This contingent rent, which is included in the Company’s network business operations, is recognized after the fixed minimum amount per annum is exceeded as driven by box office performance. Contingent payments in excess of fixed minimum ongoing payments of sales or sales-type lease arrangements are recognized as revenue when reported by theater operators, provided collectability is reasonably assured. In addition, contingent rent includes amounts realized for changes in rent and maintenance payments which are indexed to a local consumer price index.

Theater Business: IMAX Systems, Theater System Maintenance and Fixed Fees from Joint Revenue Sharing Arrangements

IMAX Systems

Under the Company’s sales agreements, title to the theater system equipment components passes to the customer. In certain instances, however, the Company retains title or a security interest in the equipment until the customer has made all payments required under the agreement. Under the terms of a sales-type lease agreement, title to the theater system equipment components remains with the Company. The Company has the right to remove the equipment fornon-payment or other defaults by the customer.

Under hybrid joint revenue sharing arrangements that take the form of sales arrangements, title and control of the projection system transfer to the customer at the point of revenue recognition, which is the earlier of client acceptance of the theater installation, including projectionist training, and theater opening to the public. Under the new revenue recognition standard, the percentage payment is considered variable consideration that must be estimated and recognized at the time of initial revenue recognition. Using box office projections and the Company’s history with theater and box office experience in different territories, the Company estimates the amount of percentage payment earned over the life of the arrangement, subject to sufficient constraint such that there is not a risk of significant revenue reversal. Under the previous recognition standard, these amounts were recognized as reported by exhibitors (or customers) in future periods. As a result, the Company’s hybrid sales arrangements are grouped with the traditional sales segment since the total consideration received and the revenue recognition timing at transfer of control of the assets now resemble those of the traditional sale arrangements.

Joint Revenue Sharing Arrangements – Fixed Fees

As discussed in joint revenue sharing arrangements above, under a hybrid joint revenue sharing arrangement that takes the form of a lease arrangement, the customer is responsible for making upfront payments prior to the delivery and installation of the IMAX theater system for an amount that is typically half of what the Company would receive from a straight sale transaction. These fixed upfront payments are included in the Company’s theater business operations.

Theater System Maintenance

For all IMAX theaters, theater owners or operators are also responsible for paying the Company an annual maintenance and extended warranty fee. Under these arrangements, the Company provides proactive and emergency maintenance services to every theater in its network to ensure that each presentation is up to the highest IMAX quality standard. Annual maintenance fees are paid throughout the duration of the term of the theater agreements.

Other Theater Revenues

Additionally, the Company generates revenues from the sale of after-market parts and 3D glasses.

Revenues from theater business arrangements are recognized at a different time from when cash is collected. For additional details regarding the policy for revenue recognition, refer to the Company’s 2018Form 10-K.

New Business

In recent years, the Company has been exploring several new lines of business outside of its core business.

For additional details regarding the Company’s new business withinitiatives, refer to the Company’s 2018Form 10-K.

IMAX Home Entertainment Technologies and Services

In September 2018, the Company announced a focus on investments in original content, alternative location-based entertainment experiences, as well as premium IMAXnew home entertainment licensing and certification program called IMAX Enhanced. This initiative was launched along with audio leader DTS (an Xperi subsidy), capitalizing on the companies’ decades of combined expertise in image and sound science. The certification program combineshigh-end consumer electronics products with IMAX digitallyre-mastered 4K high dynamic range (HDR) content and DTS audio technologies to offer consumers immersive sight and services.sound experiences for the home.

To be accepted into the program, leading consumer electronics manufacturers must design 4K HDR televisions, A/V receivers, sound systems and other home theater equipment to meet a carefully prescribed set of audio and video performance standards, set by a certification committee of IMAX and DTS engineers and some of Hollywood’s leading technical specialists.

The program will digitallyre-master content to produce more vibrant colors, greater contrast and sharper clarity, and will also deliver an IMAX signature sound experience.

IMAX Enhanced Program device partners include Sony Electronics, Denon, Marantz, Pioneer, TCL (among others) and studio partners include Sony Pictures and Paramount Pictures.

In 2013, the Company established a joint venture with TCL Multimedia Technology Holding Limited (“TCL”) to design, develop, manufacture and sell a premium home theater system. The Company does not intend to invest significant capital into the joint venture going forward, and instead expects any additional funding to be provided through third party capital.

Original ContentIMAX Systems

Under the Company’s sales agreements, title to the theater system equipment components passes to the customer. In certain instances, however, the Company retains title or a security interest in the equipment until the customer has made all payments required under the agreement. Under the terms of a sales-type lease agreement, title to the theater system equipment components remains with the Company. The Company has the right to remove the equipment fornon-payment or other defaults by the customer.

Under hybrid joint revenue sharing arrangements that take the form of sales arrangements, title and control of the projection system transfer to the customer at the point of revenue recognition, which is the earlier of client acceptance of the theater installation, including projectionist training, and theater opening to the public. Under the new revenue recognition standard, the percentage payment is considered variable consideration that must be estimated and recognized at the time of initial revenue recognition. Using box office projections and the Company’s history with theater and box office experience in different territories, the Company estimates the amount of percentage payment earned over the life of the arrangement, subject to sufficient constraint such that there is not a risk of significant revenue reversal. Under the previous recognition standard, these amounts were recognized as reported by exhibitors (or customers) in future periods. As a result, the Company’s hybrid sales arrangements are grouped with the traditional sales segment since the total consideration received and the revenue recognition timing at transfer of control of the assets now resemble those of the traditional sale arrangements.

Joint Revenue Sharing Arrangements – Fixed Fees

As discussed in joint revenue sharing arrangements above, under a hybrid joint revenue sharing arrangement that takes the form of a lease arrangement, the customer is responsible for making upfront payments prior to the delivery and installation of the IMAX theater system for an amount that is typically half of what the Company would receive from a straight sale transaction. These fixed upfront payments are included in the Company’s theater business operations.

Theater System Maintenance

For all IMAX theaters, theater owners or operators are also responsible for paying the Company an annual maintenance and extended warranty fee. Under these arrangements, the Company provides proactive and emergency maintenance services to every theater in its network to ensure that each presentation is up to the highest IMAX quality standard. Annual maintenance fees are paid throughout the duration of the term of the theater agreements.

Other Theater Revenues

Additionally, the Company generates revenues from the sale of after-market parts and 3D glasses.

Revenues from theater business arrangements are recognized at a different time from when cash is collected. For additional details regarding the policy for revenue recognition, refer to the Company’s 2018Form 10-K.

New Business

In 2016, the Company announced an agreement with Marvel Television Inc. (“Marvel”) and Disney|ABC Television Group toco-produce and premiere theatrically the new television series “Marvel’s Inhumans” in IMAX theaters. The first two episodes of the series ran worldwide in IMAX theaters for two weeks in September 2017 and subsequently the series premiered on the ABC network in the U.S. and across other networks internationally. As part of the investment, the Company shares in the economics across the venture, including in both the theatrical and television platforms. This agreement marks the first time a live-action television series has debuted in this manner, and the first timerecent years, the Company has an economic interest in a television property.been exploring several new lines of business outside of its core business.

The Company has also created two film funds to help finance the production of original content. In 2015, the Company announced the creation of the IMAX China Film Fund (the “China Film Fund”) with its subsidiary IMAX China Holding Inc. (“IMAX China”), its partner CMC and several other large investors to help fund Mandarin language commercial films. The China Film Fund, which is expected initially to be capitalized with over $100.0 million, will target productions that can leverageFor additional details regarding the Company’s brand, relationships, technology and release windows in China. The China Film Fund is expectednew business initiatives, refer toco-finance approximately 15 Mandarin-language tent-pole films over three years, and will target contributions of between $3.0 million and $7.0 million per film. The China Film Fund will operate under an IMAXChina-CMC controlled greenlight committee.

In addition, the Company’s IMAX Original Film Fund (the “Original Film Fund”) was established in 2014 to2018co-financeForm 10-K. a portfolio of 10 original large format films. The Original Film Fund, which is intended to be capitalized with up to $50.0 million, will finance an ongoing supply of original films that the Company believes will be more exciting and compelling than traditional documentaries. The initial investment in the Film Fund was committed to by a third party in the amount of $25.0 million, with the possibility of contributing additional funds. The Company agreed to contribute $9.0 million to the Original Film Fund over five years starting in 2014 and sees the Original Film Fund as a self-perpetuating vehicle designed to generate a continuous flow of high-quality documentary content. As at September 30, 2017, the Original Film Fund has invested $13.4 million toward the development of original films.

Virtual Reality

In 2016, the Company announced it would be piloting a comprehensive virtual reality (“VR”) strategy to develop a premium, location-based VR offering that will deliver immersive, multi-dimensional experiences, including entertainment content and games, to branded VR centers (“IMAX VR Centers”). Pilot IMAX VR Centers are expected to be located in both stand-alone venues as well as multiplexes, malls and other commercial destinations, and will be retrofitted with proprietary VR pods that permit interactive, moveable VR experiences. The Company’s VR initiative is premised on a unique combination of premium content, proprietary design andbest-in-class technology.

In January 2017, the Company launched its flagship pilot IMAX VR Center in Los Angeles. In May 2017, the Company opened a second pilot IMAX VR Center at the AMC Kips Bay theater in New York City and in October 2017, a third pilot IMAX VR Center opened at the JinYi Shanghai theater in Greater China. The Company has signed agreements for additional pilot IMAX VR Centers, including in Canada, the United States, Thailand and the United Kingdom, and expects a total of seven pilot IMAX VR Centers to be open before the end of 2017. The Company plans to use these pilot locations to test several factors including the overall customer experience, pricing models, throughput, types of content featured and differences in geographic areas. If successful, the Company’s intent is to roll out IMAX VR Centers globally.

In November 2016, the Company announced the creation of a virtual reality fund (the “VR Fund”) among the Company, its subsidiary IMAX China and other strategic investors. The VR Fund will help finance the creation of an estimated25-30 interactive VR content experiences over the next three years for use across all VR platforms, including in the pilot IMAX VR Centers. The VR Fund will target premium productions with its Hollywood studio and filmmaker partners, as well as gaming publishers and other leading content developers. To further supplement these content experiences, the Company and Warner Bros. Home Entertainment have announced a new VRco-financing and production agreement to develop and release premium, interactive VR experiences based on some of Warner Bros. Pictures’ most highly anticipated upcoming blockbuster films, includingJustice League,

and the experiences will receive an exclusive release window in pilot IMAX VR Centers before being made available to other VR platforms. In addition, the Company has partnered with Google to design and develop a cinema-grade IMAX VR camera.

Through its pilot VR initiative, the Company sees a unique opportunity to combine premium equipment, more robust computing power, and specially designed spaces to create a highly differentiated, destination-based VR experience that will draw consumers out of their homes, similar to the strategy it has successfully employed in the cinema space.

IMAX Home Entertainment Technologies and Services

With respect to IMAXIn September 2018, the Company announced a new home entertainment licensing and certification program called IMAX Enhanced. This initiative was launched along with audio leader DTS (an Xperi subsidy), capitalizing on the companies’ decades of combined expertise in image and sound science. The certification program combineshigh-end consumer electronics products with IMAX digitallyre-mastered 4K high dynamic range (HDR) content and DTS audio technologies to offer consumers immersive sight and sound experiences for the home.

To be accepted into the program, leading consumer electronics manufacturers must design 4K HDR televisions, A/V receivers, sound systems and other home theater equipment to meet a carefully prescribed set of audio and video performance standards, set by a certification committee of IMAX and DTS engineers and some of Hollywood’s leading technical specialists.

The program will digitallyre-master content to produce more vibrant colors, greater contrast and sharper clarity, and will also deliver an IMAX signature sound experience.

IMAX Enhanced Program device partners include Sony Electronics, Denon, Marantz, Pioneer, TCL (among others) and studio partners include Sony Pictures and Paramount Pictures.

In 2013, the Company has announced home theater initiatives, includingestablished a joint venture with TCL Multimedia Technology Holding Limited (“TCL”) to design, develop, manufacture and sell a premium home theater system. Since 2013,The Company does not intend to invest significant capital into the joint venture has signed agreements with end users for the sale of more than 170 premium home theater systems,going forward, and has signed agreements with distributors for the sale of more than 470 home theater systems. Beyond its premium home theater, the Company has also developed other components of broader home entertainment platform designed to allow consumers to experience elements ofThe IMAXExperience® in their homes.

SOURCES OF REVENUE

The primary revenue sources for the Company can be categorized into four main groups: network business, theater business, new business and other.

The network business includes variable revenues that are primarily derived from film studios and exhibitors. Under the Company’s DMR arrangements, the Company provides DMR services to studios in exchange for a percentage of contingent box office receipts. Under joint revenue sharing arrangements, the Company provides IMAX theater systems to exhibitors and also receives a percentage of contingent box office receipts. In addition, certain of the Company’s sales and sales-type leases require customers to make contingent rent payments that are tied to box office performance, and this contingent rent is included in the network business.

The theater business includes fixed revenues that are primarily derived from theater exhibitors through either a sale or sales-type lease arrangement for IMAX theater systems. Sales and sales-type lease arrangements typically require fixed upfront and annual minimum payments. The theater business side also includes fixed revenues that are required under the Company’s hybrid theater systems from the joint revenue sharing arrangements segment. In addition, theater exhibitors also pay for associated maintenance, extended warranty services and the provision of aftermarket parts of its system components, and these revenues are included in the theater business.

New business includes revenue in connection with the Company’s original content and VR initiatives, IMAX Home Entertainment and other business initiatives that are in the development and/orstart-up phase.

The Company also derives a small portion of other revenues from the film studios for provision of film production services, operation of its owned and operated theaters and camera rentals.

The Company believes that separating the fixed price revenues from the variable sources of revenue, as well as isolating itsnon-core new business initiatives, provides greater transparency into the Company’s performance.

Network Business: DigitalRe-Mastering (IMAX DMR) and Joint Revenue Sharing Arrangements

DigitalRe-Mastering (IMAX DMR)

The Company has developed a proprietary technology, known as IMAX DMR, to digitallyre-master Hollywood films into IMAX digital cinema package format or15/70-format film for exhibition in IMAX theaters at a modest cost that is incurred by the Company. IMAX DMR digitally enhances the image resolution of motion picture films for projection on IMAX screens while maintaining or enhancing the visual clarity and sound quality to levels for whichTheIMAXExperience is known. In a typical IMAX DMR film arrangement, the Company receives a percentage, which in recent years has averaged approximately 12.5%, of net box office receipts, defined as gross box office receipts less applicable sales taxes, ofinstead expects any commercial films released outside of Greater China in return for converting them to the IMAX DMR format and distributing them through the IMAX theater network. Within Greater China, the Company receives a lower percentage of box office receipts for certain films.

IMAX films also benefit from enhancements made by individual filmmakers exclusively for the IMAX release, and filmmakers and studios have sought IMAX-specific enhancements in recent years to generate interest in and excitement for their films. Such

enhancements include shooting select scenes with IMAX cameras to increase the audience’s immersion in the film and taking advantage of the unique dimensions of the IMAX screen by projecting the film in a larger aspect ratio. Recent films that have incorporated IMAX enhancements includeDunkirk: The IMAXExperience, released in July 2017;Blade Runner 2049: TheIMAXExperience, released in October 2017; andThor: Ragnarok:An IMAX Experience,additional funding to be released in November 2017. In addition, Marvel’sAvengers: Infinity Warand theUntitled Avenger Sequelwill be shot in their entireties using IMAX cameras.provided through third party capital.

The original soundtrack of a film to be released to the IMAX theater network isre-mastered for the IMAX digital sound systems in connection with the IMAX DMR release. Unlike the soundtracks played in conventional theaters, IMAXre-mastered soundtracks are uncompressed and full fidelity. IMAX sound systems use proprietary loudspeaker systems and proprietary surround sound configurations that ensure every theater seat is in an optimal listening position.

The Company believes that the growth in international box office remains an important driver of future growth for the Company. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, 65.6% of the Company’s gross box office from IMAX DMR films was generated in international markets, as compared to 62.8% in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. To support continued growth in international markets, the Company has sought to bolster its international film strategy, supplementing the Company’s film slate of Hollywood DMR titles with appealing local IMAX DMR releases in select markets. During 2016, 11 local language IMAX DMR films, including eight in China, two in Russia and one in Japan were released to the IMAX theater network. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, 14 local language IMAX DMR films including ten in China, one in Russia, two in Japan and one in India were released to the IMAX theater network. The Company expects to announce additional local language IMAX DMR films to be released to the IMAX theater network in the remainder of 2017 and beyond.

In addition to the 46 IMAX DMR films released to the IMAX theater network during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, 11 additional IMAX DMR films have been announced so far to be released in the remainder of 2017:

Blade Runner 2049: The IMAXExperience(Warner Bros. Pictures, October 2017);

Salyut-7: The IMAXExperience(Nashe Kino, October 2017, Russia only);

Bad Genius:The IMAXExperience (Hengye Pictures, October 2017, China only);

Geostorm: The IMAXExperience(Warner Bros. Pictures, October 2017);

Only The Brave:The IMAXExperience(Sony Pictures, October 2017);

Jigsaw: The IMAXExperience(Lionsgate, October 2017);

Coco: The IMAXExperience (Pixar Animation Studios, October 2017);

Thor: Ragnarök: The IMAXExperience(Walt Disney Studios, November 2017);

Justice League: The IMAXExperience(Warner Bros. Pictures, November 2017);

Full Metal Alchemist:The IMAXExperience (Warner Bros. Pictures, December 2017, Japan only); and

Star Wars: The Last Jedi: The IMAXExperience(Walt Disney Studios, December 2017).

In addition, in conjunction with Marvel and Disney|ABC Television Group, the Companyco-produced and exclusively premiered theatrically the new television series “Marvel’s Inhumans” in IMAX theaters.

To date, the Company has announced the following 21 titles to be released in 2018 to the IMAX theater network:

Maze Runner: The Death Cure: The IMAXExperience(20thCentury Fox, January 2018);

God Particle:The IMAXExperience(Paramount Pictures, February 2018);

Black Panther: The IMAXExperience(Walt Disney Studios, February 2018);

Alpha: The IMAXExperience(Sony Pictures, March 2018);

A Wrinkle In Time: The IMAXExperience(Walt Disney Studios, March 2018);

Tomb Raider: The IMAXExperience(Warner Bros. Pictures, March 2018);

Pacific Rim Uprising:The IMAXExperience(Warner Bros. Pictures, March 2018);

Ready Player One: The IMAXExperience(Warner Bros. Pictures, March 2018);

New Mutants: The IMAXExperience(20thCentury Fox, April 2018);

Rampage: The IMAXExperience (Warner Bros. Pictures, April 2018);

Avengers: Infinity War: The IMAXExperience (Walt Disney Studios, May 2018);

Solo: A Star Wars Story: The IMAXExperience(Walt Disney Studios, May 2018);

The Incredibles 2: The IMAXExperience(Walt Disney Studios, June 2018);

Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom: The IMAXExperience(Universal Pictures, June 2018);

Ant-Man and The Wasp: The IMAXExperience (Walt Disney Studios, July 2018);

Alita: Battle Angel: The IMAXExperience (20thCentury Fox, July 2018);

Mission Impossible 6: The IMAXExperience(Paramount Pictures, July 2018);

The Predator: The IMAXExperience(20thCentury Fox, August 2018);

Robin Hood: The IMAXExperience (Lionsgate, September 2018);

Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them 2: The IMAXExperience(Warner Bros. Pictures, November 2018); and

Aquaman: The IMAXExperience(Warner Bros. Pictures, December 2018).

The Company remains in active negotiations with all of the major Hollywood studios for additional films to fill out its short and long-term film slate, and anticipates that the number of IMAX DMR films to be released to the IMAX theater network in 2017 will be similar to the 51 IMAX DMR films released to the IMAX theater network in 2016.

Joint Revenue Sharing Arrangements – Contingent Rent

The Company provides IMAX theater systems to certain of its exhibitor customers under joint revenue sharing arrangements (“JRSA”). The Company has two basic types of joint revenue sharing arrangements: traditional and hybrid.

Under a traditional joint revenue sharing arrangement, the Company provides an IMAX theater system to a customer in return for a portion of the customer’s IMAX box office receipts and, in some cases, concession revenues, rather than requiring the customer to pay a fixed upfront payment or annual minimum payments, as would be required under a sales or sales-type lease arrangement. Payments, which are based on box office receipts, are required throughout the term of the arrangement and are due either monthly or quarterly. Certain maintenance and extended warranty services are provided to the customer for a separate fixed annual fee. The Company retains title to the theater system equipment components, and the equipment is returned to the Company at the conclusion of the arrangement.

Under a hybrid joint revenue sharing arrangement, by contrast, the customer is responsible for making upfront payments prior to the delivery and installation of the IMAX theater system in an amount that is typically half of what the Company would receive from a straight sale transaction. As with a traditional joint revenue sharing arrangement, the customer also pays the Company a portion of the customer’s IMAX box office receipts over the term of the arrangement, although the percentage of box office receipts owing to the Company is typically half that of a traditional joint revenue sharing arrangement. The fixed revenues under a hybrid joint revenue sharing arrangement are reported in the Company’s theater business operations, while the contingent box office receipts are included in the Company’s network business operations.

Under the majority of joint revenue sharing arrangements (both traditional and hybrid), the initialnon-cancellable term of IMAX theater systems is 10 years or longer, and is renewable by the customer for one to two additional terms of between three to five years. The Company has the right to remove the equipment fornon-payment or other defaults by the customer. The contracts arenon-cancellable by the customer unless the Company fails to perform its obligations.

The introduction of joint revenue sharing arrangements has been an important factor in the expansion of the Company’s commercial theater network. Joint revenue sharing arrangements allow commercial theater exhibitors to install IMAX theater systems without the significant initial capital investment required in a sale or sales-type lease arrangement. Joint revenue sharing arrangements drive recurring cash flows and earnings for the Company, as customers under joint revenue sharing arrangements pay the Company a portion of their ongoing box office. The Company funds its joint revenue sharing arrangements through cash flows from operations. As at September 30, 2017, the Company had 702 theaters in operation under joint revenue sharing arrangements, a 18.6% increase as compared to the 592 joint revenue sharing arrangements open as at September 30, 2016. The Company also had contracts in backlog for an additional 375 theaters under joint revenue sharing arrangements as at September 30, 2017.

The revenue earned from customers under the Company’s joint revenue sharing arrangements can vary from quarter to quarter and year to year based on a number of factors including film performance, the mix of theater system configurations, the timing of installation of these theater systems, the nature of the arrangement, the location, size and management of the theater and other factors specific to individual arrangements.

IMAX Systems – Contingent Rent

The Company’s sales and sales type lease arrangements include contingent rent in excess of fixed minimum ongoing payments. This contingent rent, which is included in the Company’s network business operations, is recognized after the fixed minimum amount per annum is exceeded as driven by box office performance. Contingent payments in excess of fixed minimum ongoing payments of sales or sales type lease arrangements are recognized as revenue when reported by theater operators, provided collectibility is reasonably

assured. In addition, contingent rent includes amounts realized for changes in rent and maintenance payments which are indexed to a local consumer price index.

Theater Business: IMAX Systems, Theater System Maintenance and Fixed Fees from Joint Revenue Sharing Arrangements

IMAX Systems

The Company also provides IMAX theater systems to customers on a sales or long-term lease basis, typically with an initial10-year term. These agreements typically require the payment of initial fees and ongoing fees (which can include a fixed minimum amount per annum and contingent fees in excess of the minimum payments), as well as maintenance and extended warranty fees. The initial fees vary depending on the system configuration and location of the theater. Initial fees are paid to the Company in installments between the time of system signing and the time of system installation, which is when the total of these fees, in addition to the present value of future annual minimum payments, are recognized as revenue. Ongoing fees are paid over the term of the contract, commencing after the theater system has been installed, and is a fixed minimum amount per annum. Finance income is derived over the term of a financed sale or sales-type lease arrangement as the unearned income on that financed sale or sales-type lease is earned. Certain maintenance and extended warranty services are provided to the customer for a separate fixed annual fee.

Under the Company’s sales agreements, title to the theater system equipment components passes to the customer. In certain instances, however, the Company retains title or a security interest in the equipment until the customer has made all payments required under the agreement. Under the terms of a sales-type lease agreement, title to the theater system equipment components remains with the Company. The Company has the right to remove the equipment fornon-payment or other defaults by the customer.

TheUnder hybrid joint revenue earned from customers undersharing arrangements that take the Company’s theaterform of sales arrangements, title and control of the projection system sales or lease agreements varies from quartertransfer to quarter and year to year based on a numberthe customer at the point of factors, includingrevenue recognition, which is the number and mixearlier of theater system configurations sold or leased, the timing of installationclient acceptance of the theater systems,installation, including projectionist training, and theater opening to the naturepublic. Under the new revenue recognition standard, the percentage payment is considered variable consideration that must be estimated and recognized at the time of initial revenue recognition. Using box office projections and the Company’s history with theater and box office experience in different territories, the Company estimates the amount of percentage payment earned over the life of the arrangement, subject to sufficient constraint such that there is not a risk of significant revenue reversal. Under the previous recognition standard, these amounts were recognized as reported by exhibitors (or customers) in future periods. As a result, the Company’s hybrid sales arrangements are grouped with the traditional sales segment since the total consideration received and other factors specific to individual contracts.the revenue recognition timing at transfer of control of the assets now resemble those of the traditional sale arrangements.

Joint Revenue Sharing Arrangements – Fixed Fees

As discussed in joint revenue sharing arrangements above, under a hybrid joint revenue sharing arrangement that takes the form of a lease arrangement, the customer is responsible for making upfront payments prior to the delivery and installation of the IMAX theater system infor an amount that is typically half of what the Company would receive from a straight sale transaction. These fixed upfront payments are included in the Company’s theater business operations.

Theater System Maintenance

For all IMAX theaters, theater owners or operators are also responsible for paying the Company an annual maintenance and extended warranty fee. Under these arrangements, the Company provides proactive and emergency maintenance services to every theater in its network to ensure that each presentation is up to the highest IMAX quality standard. Annual maintenance fees are paid throughout the duration of the term of the theater agreements.

Other Theater Revenues

Additionally, the Company generates revenues from the sale of after-market parts and 3D glasses.

RevenueRevenues from theater business arrangements isare recognized at a different time from when cash is collected. See “Critical Accounting Policies”For additional details regarding the policy for revenue recognition, refer to the Company’s 2018Form 10-K.

New Business

In recent years, the Company has been exploring several new lines of business outside of its core business.

For additional details regarding the Company’s new business initiatives, refer to the Company’s 2018Form 10-K.

IMAX Home Entertainment Technologies and Services

In September 2018, the Company announced a new home entertainment licensing and certification program called IMAX Enhanced. This initiative was launched along with audio leader DTS (an Xperi subsidy), capitalizing on the companies’ decades of combined expertise in image and sound science. The certification program combineshigh-end consumer electronics products with IMAX digitallyre-mastered 4K high dynamic range (HDR) content and DTS audio technologies to offer consumers immersive sight and sound experiences for the home.

To be accepted into the program, leading consumer electronics manufacturers must design 4K HDR televisions, A/V receivers, sound systems and other home theater equipment to meet a carefully prescribed set of audio and video performance standards, set by a certification committee of IMAX and DTS engineers and some of Hollywood’s leading technical specialists.

The program will digitallyre-master content to produce more vibrant colors, greater contrast and sharper clarity, and will also deliver an IMAX signature sound experience.

IMAX Enhanced Program device partners include Sony Electronics, Denon, Marantz, Pioneer, TCL (among others) and studio partners include Sony Pictures and Paramount Pictures.

In 2013, the Company established a joint venture with TCL Multimedia Technology Holding Limited (“TCL”) to design, develop, manufacture and sell a premium home theater system. The Company does not intend to invest significant capital into the joint venture going forward, and instead expects any additional funding to be provided through third party capital.

Original Content

The Company has created two film funds to help finance the production of original content. The Company formed the IMAX China Film Fund (the “China Film Fund”) with its subsidiary IMAX China, its partner CMC and several other large investors to help fund Mandarin language commercial films. The China Film Fund targets productions that can leverage the Company’s brand, relationships, technology and release windows in China.

In addition, the Company’s IMAX Original Film Fund (the “Original Film Fund”) was established in 2014 toco-finance a portfolio of 10 original large format films. The initial investment in the Original Film Fund was committed to by a third party in the amount of $25.0 million, with the possibility of contributing additional funds. The Company has contributed $9.0 million to the Original Film Fund since 2014, and has reached its maximum contribution. The Company sees the Original Film Fund as a vehicle designed to generate a continuous, steady flow of high-quality documentary content. As at March 31, 2019, the Original Film Fund has invested $20.9 million toward the development of original films.

The Company continues to believe that the IMAX network serves as a valuable platform to launch and distribute original content, especially during shoulder periods. However, the Company does not expect to make meaningful direct investments in original content going forward.

Virtual Reality

In 2017, the Company piloted a virtual reality (“VR”) initiative which included several pilot IMAX VR Centers located in a number of multiplexes, as well as a stand-alone venue, each retrofitted with proprietary VR pods that permitted interactive, moveable VR experiences.

The Company also established its VR Fund among the Company, its subsidiary IMAX China and other strategic investors to help finance the creation of interactive VR content experiences for use across all VR platforms, including in the pilot IMAX VR Centers.

In December 2018, the Company announced, in connection with its strategic review of its VR pilot initiative, that it had decided to close its remaining VR locations andwrite-off certain VR content investments. In January 2019, the Company decided to dissolve the VR Fund. For information on the VR fund established among the Company, its subsidiary IMAX China and other strategic investors, please refer to note 16(b) in Item 1 of the Company’sthis Form10-K10-Q. for the year ended December 31, 2016 (the “2016 Form10-K”) for further discussion on the Company’s revenue recognition policies.

New Business

The Company’s new businesses include its original content and VR initiatives, IMAX Home Entertainment, and other new business initiatives that are in the development and/orstart-up phase. If successful, the Company’s intent is to continue its focus on developing these areas of new business.

Other

The Company is also a distributor of large-format films, primarily for its institutional theater partners. The Company generally distributes films which it produces or for which it has acquired distribution rights from independent producers. The Company receives either a percentage of the theater box office receipts or a fixed amount as a distribution fee.

TheIn addition, the Company also provides film post-production and quality control services for large-format films (whether produced internally or externally), and digital post-production services.

The Company derives a small portion of its revenues from other sources. As at September 30, 2017, the Company had twosources including: one owned and operated IMAX theaters (December 31, 2016 — two owned and operated theaters). In addition, the Company hastheater; a commercial arrangement with one theater resulting in the sharing of profits and losses and provideslosses; the provision of management services to threefour other theaters. The Company also rentstheaters; renting its proprietary 2D and 3D large-format film and digital cameras to third partythird-party production companies. The Company maintains cameras and other film equipmentcompanies; and also offersoffering production advice and technical assistance to both documentary and Hollywood filmmakers. In January 2019, the Company closed its owned and operated theater in Minneapolis, Minnesota and now has one remaining owned and operated theater in Sacramento, California.

IMAX Theater Network and Backlog

The following table outlines the breakdown of the IMAX theater network by type and geographic location as at September 30:March 31:

 

  2017 - Theater Network Base   2016 - Theater Network Base   2019 Theater Network Base   2018 Theater Network Base 
  Commercial
Multiplex
   Commercial
Destination
   Institutional   Total   Commercial
Multiplex
   Commercial
Destination
   Institutional   Total   Commercial
Multiplex
   Commercial
Destination
   Institutional   Total   Commercial
Multiplex
   Commercial
Destination
   Institutional   Total 

United States

   358    4    35    397    348    5    41    394    364    4    32    400    366    4    33    403 

Canada

   37    2    7    46    37    2    7    46    39    2    7    48    38    2    7    47 

Greater China(1)

   482    —      17    499    354    —      17    371    631    —      15    646    532    —      17    549 

Asia (excluding Greater China)

   96    2    3    101    88    2    4    94    112    2    2    116    103    1    3    107 

Western Europe

   79    4    10    93    73    6    10    89    103    4    10    117    91    4    10    105 

Russia & the CIS

   57    —      —      57    50    —      —      50    62    —      —      62    57    —      —      57 

Latin America(2)

   41    —      12    53    38    —      11    49    48    1    12    61    42    —      12    54 

Rest of the World

   53    1    2    56    49    1    2    52    61    1    2    64    57    1    2    60 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   1,203    13    86    1,302    1,037    16    92    1,145    1,420    14    80    1,514    1,286    12    84    1,382 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

Greater China includes China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macau.

(2)

Latin America includes South America, Central America and Mexico.

As of September 30, 2017, 34.0% of IMAX systems in operation were located in the United States and Canada compared to 38.4% as at September 30, 2016.

To minimize the Company’s credit risk, the Company retains title to the underlying theater systems under lease arrangements, performs initial and ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and makes ongoing provisions for its estimates of potentially uncollectible amounts.

The Company currently believes that over time its commercial multiplex theater network could grow to approximately 2,855 IMAX theaters worldwide from 1,2031,420 commercial multiplex IMAX theaters operating as September 30, 2017.at March 31, 2019. The Company believes that the majority of its future growth will come from international markets. As at September 30, 2017, 66.0%March 31, 2019, 70.4% of IMAX theater systems in operation were located within international markets (defined as all countries other than the United States and Canada), up from 61.6%67.4% as at September 30, 2016.March 31, 2018. Revenues and gross box office derived from outside the United States and Canada continue to exceed revenues and gross box office from the United States and Canada. Risks associated with the Company’s international business are outlined in Risk“Risk Factors – “TheThe Company conducts business internationally, which exposes it to uncertainties and risks that could negatively affect its operations, sales and future growth prospects” in Item 1A of the Company’s 20162018 Form10-K.

Greater China continues to beis currently the Company’s second-largest and fastest-growinglargest market, measured by revenues. The Company’s Greater China operations have accounted for an increasingly significant portion of its overall revenues, with nearly 35%approximately 33% of overall revenues generated from the Company’s China operations in the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019. As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the

Company had 499646 theaters operating in Greater China with an additional 350276 theaters in backlog that are scheduled to be installed in Greater China by 2022. The Company’s backlog in Greater China represents 64.2%48.3% of the Company’s current backlog. The Company continues to invest in joint revenue sharing arrangements with select partners to ensure ongoing revenue in this key market.backlog including upgrades. The Company’s largest single international partnership is in China with Wanda Cinema Line CorporationFilm, (“Wanda”), which has a. Wanda’s total commitment to the Company of 360is for 359 theater systems in Greater China (of which 345344 theater systems are under the parties’ joint revenue sharing arrangement). The Company continues to invest in joint revenue sharing arrangements with select partners to ensure ongoing revenue in this key market. See Risk“Risk Factors – “TheThe Company faces risks in connection with the continued expansion of its business in China” in Item 1A of the Company’s 20162018 Form10-K.

The following table outlines the breakdown of the Commercial Multiplex theater network by arrangement type and geographic location as at:at March 31:

 

  September 30, 2017   2019 
  IMAX Commercial Multiplex Theater Network   IMAX Commercial Multiplex Theater Network 
  Traditional
JRSA
   Hybrid JRSA   Total JRSA   Sale / Sales-
type lease
   Total   Traditional
JRSA
   Hybrid JRSA   Total JRSA   Sale / Sales-
type lease
 Total 

Domestic Total (United States & Canada)

   268    6    274    121    395    273    5    278    125  403 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

International:

                   

Greater China

   235    74    309    173    482    319    96    415    216  631 

Asia (excluding Greater China)

   35    21    56    40    96    34    1    35    77  112 

Western Europe

   23    24    47    32    79    40    26    66    37  103 

Russia & the CIS

   —      —      —      57    57    —      —      —      62  62 

Latin America

   —      —      —      41    41    1    —      1    47  48 

Rest of the World

   14    2    16    37    53    14    —      14    47  61 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

International Total

   307    121    428    380    808    408    123    531    486  1,017 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Worldwide Total

   575    127    702    501    1,203    681    128    809    611(1)  1,420 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 
  September 30, 2016   2018 
  IMAX Commercial Multiplex Theater Network   IMAX Commercial Multiplex Theater Network 
  Traditional
JRSA
   Hybrid JRSA   Total JRSA   Sale / Sales-
type lease
   Total   Traditional
JRSA
   Hybrid JRSA   Total JRSA   Sale / Sales-
type lease
 Total 

Domestic Total (United States & Canada)

   260    4    264    121    385    273    5    278    126  404 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

International:

                   

Greater China

   163    58    221    133    354    260    80    340    192  532 

Asia (excluding Greater China)

   33    17    50    38    88    29    1    30    73  103 

Western Europe

   18    24    42    31    73    34    22    56    35  91 

Russia & the CIS

   —      —      —      50    50    —      —      —      57  57 

Latin America

   —      —      —      38    38    —      —      —      42  42 

Rest of the World

   13    2    15    34    49    14    —      14    43  57 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

International Total

   227    101    328    324    652    337    103    440    442  882 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Worldwide Total

   487    105    592    445    1,037    610    108    718    568  1,286 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

As at September 30, 2017, 274 (September 30, 2016March 31, 2019, 278 (2018264)278) of the 702 (September 30, 2016809 (2018592)718) theaters under joint revenue sharing arrangements in operation, or 39.0% (September 30, 201634.4% (201844.6%38.7%), were located in the United States and Canada, with the remaining 428 (September 30, 2016531 (2018 — 328)440) or 61.0% (September 30, 201665.6% (2018 — 55.4%61.3%) of arrangementstheaters being located in international markets. The Company continues to seek to expand its network of theaters under joint revenue sharing arrangements, particularly in select international markets.

Sales Backlog

The Company’s current sales backlog is as follows:

 

  September 30, 2017 September 30, 2016 
    Fixed   Fixed 
    Contractual   Contractual   March 31, 2019 March 31, 2018 
  Number of Dollar Value Number of Dollar Value   Number of Dollar Value Number of Dollar Value 
  Systems (in thousands) Systems (in thousands)   Systems (in thousands) Systems (in thousands) 

Sales and sales-type lease arrangements

   170  $214,737  158  $197,730    182  $235,495(1)  178  $235,013(1) 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements

          

Hybrid arrangements

   130   69,552(1)  103   55,006(1) 

Hybrid lease arrangements

   117  66,088  116  62,012 

Traditional arrangements

   245   9,096(2)  286   450(2)    272(2)  7,900(3)  235  7,638(3) 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 
   545(3)  $293,385   547(4)  $253,186    571(4)  $309,483  529(5)  $304,663 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

Includes a variable consideration estimate of $16.1 million (2018 — $14.5 million).

(2)

Includes 46 theater systems where the customer has the option to convert from a joint revenue sharing arrangement to a sales arrangement.

(3)

Reflects contractual upfront payments. Future contingent payments are not reflected as these are based on negotiated shares of box office results.

(2)No fixed upfront or annual minimum payments. Future contingent payments are not reflected as these are based on negotiated shares of box office results.
(3)Includes 25 laser-based digital theater system configurations, including three upgrades. The Company continues to develop and roll out its laser-based digital projection system. See “Research and Development” in Item 2 of this Part I for additional information.

(4)

Includes 20 laser-based digital theater90 new laser projection system configurations includingand 106 upgrades of existing locations to laser projection system configurations (103 of the 106 upgrades are for the IMAX with Laser projection system configurations).

(5)

Includes 28 new laser projection system configurations and five upgrades.upgrades of existing locations to laser projection system configurations (three of which are for the IMAX with Laser projection system configurations).

The number of theater systems in the backlog reflects the minimum number of commitments under signed contracts. The dollar value fluctuates depending on the number of new theater system arrangements signed from year to year, which adds to backlog and the installation and acceptance of theater systems and the settlement of contracts, both of which reduce backlog. Sales backlog typically represents the fixed contracted revenue under signed theater system sale and lease agreements that the Company believes will be recognized as revenue upon installation and acceptance of the associated theater. Sales backlog includes initial fees along with the estimated present value of contractual ongoing fees due over the term;theater, as well as a variable consideration estimate, however it excludes amounts allocated to maintenance and extended warranty revenues as well as fees (contingent rent) in excess of contractual ongoing fees that may be received in the future.revenues. The value of sales backlog does not include revenue from theaters in which the Company has an equity interest, operating leases letters of intent or long-term conditional theater commitments. The value of theaters under joint revenue sharing arrangements is excluded from the dollar value of sales backlog, although certain theater systems under joint revenue sharing arrangements provide for contracted upfront payments and therefore carry a backlog value based on those payments. The Company believes that the contractual obligations for theater system installations that are listed in sales backlog are valid and binding commitments.

From time to time, in the normal course of its business, the Company will have customers who are unable to proceed with a theater system installation for a variety of reasons, including the inability to obtain certain consents, approvals or financing. Once the determination is made that the customer will not proceed with installation, the agreement with the customer is terminated or amended. If the agreement is terminated, once the Company and the customer are released from all their future obligations under the agreement, all or a portion of the initial rents or fees that the customer previously made to the Company are recognized as revenue.

The following table outlines the breakdown of the total backlog by arrangement type and geographic location as at:at March 31:

 

  September 30, 2017   2019 
  IMAX Theater Backlog   IMAX Theater Backlog 
  Traditional
JRSA
   Hybrid JRSA   JRSA   Sale / Lease   Total   Traditional
JRSA
   Hybrid JRSA   Total JRSA   Sale / Lease   Total 

Domestic Total (United States & Canada)

   40    3    43    13    56    144    3    147    9    156 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

International:

                    

Greater China

   159    108    267    83    350    95    99    194    82    276 

Asia (excluding Greater China)

   4    13    17    19    36    11    —      11    37    48 

Western Europe

   38    4    42    7    49    17    15    32    10    42 

Russia & the CIS

   —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —      17    17 

Latin America

   —      —      —      13    13    1    —      1    9    10 

Rest of the World

   4    2    6    35    41    4    —      4    18    22 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

International Total

   205    127    332    157    489    128    114    242    173    415 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Worldwide Total

   245    130    375    170    545    272    117    389    182    571(1) 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
  September 30, 2016   2018 
  IMAX Theater Backlog   IMAX Theater Backlog 
  Traditional
JRSA
   Hybrid JRSA   JRSA   Sale / Lease   Total   Traditional
JRSA
   Hybrid JRSA   Total JRSA   Sale / Lease   Total 

Domestic Total (United States & Canada)

   41    3    44    11    55    35    3    38    7    45 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

International:

                    

Greater China

   231    84    315    66    381    157    109    266    70    336 

Asia (excluding Greater China)

   5    11    16    21    37    5    —      5    36    41 

Western Europe

   4    5    9    7    16    33    4    37    10    47 

Russia & the CIS

   —      —      —      22    22    —      —      —      19    19 

Latin America

   —      —      —      16    16    1    —      1    16    17 

Rest of the World

   5    —      5    15    20    4    —      4    20    24 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

International Total

   245    100    345    147    492    200    113    313    171    484 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Worldwide Total

   286    103    389    158    547    235    116    351    178    529(2) 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

(1)

Includes 79 new IMAX with Laser projection system configurations and 103 upgrades of existing locations to IMAX with Laser projection system configurations.

(2)

Includes three upgrades of existing locations to IMAX with Laser projection system configurations.

Approximately 89.7%72.7% of IMAX theater system arrangements in backlog as at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 are scheduled to be installed in international markets (September 30, 2016(201889.9%91.5%).

Signings and Installations

The following reflects the Company’s signings and installations:

 

   For the Three Months Ended
September 30,
  For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
   2017  2016  2017  2016 

Theater System Signings:

     

Full new sales and sales-type lease arrangements

   17   5   67   52 

New traditional joint revenue sharing arrangements

   —     155   31   230 

New hybrid joint revenue sharing arrangements

   —     1   49   8 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total new theaters

   17   161   147   290 

Upgrades of IMAX theater systems

   —     1   4   3 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total theater signings

   17   162   151   293 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   For the Three Months Ended
September 30,
  For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
   2017  2016  2017  2016 

Theater System Installations:

     

Full new sales and sales-type lease arrangements

   19   15   36   33 

New traditional joint revenue sharing arrangements

   25   24   51   42 

New hybrid joint revenue sharing arrangements

   5   9   9   21 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total new theaters

   49   48   96   96 

Upgrades of IMAX theater systems

   2(1)   2(1)   4(2)   13(2) 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total theater installations

   51   50   100   109 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)Includes one installation of an upgrade to a laser-based digital system under a traditional joint revenue sharing arrangement and one under a sale arrangement (2016 – two laser-based digital systems under sales and sales-type lease arrangements).
(2)Includes three installations of upgrade to laser-based digital systems under sales and sales-type lease arrangements and one under a traditional joint revenue sharing arrangement (2016 – 11 laser-based digital systems and two xenon-based digital system under sales and sales-type lease arrangements).
   Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 
   2019   2018 

Theater System Signings:

    

Full new sales and sales-type lease arrangements

   9    15 

New traditional joint revenue sharing arrangements

   2    22 

New hybrid joint revenue sharing lease arrangements

   3    8 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total new theaters

   14    45 

Upgrades of IMAX theater systems

   9    —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total theater signings

   23    45 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 
   2019   2018 

Theater System Installations:

    

Full new sales and sales-type lease arrangements

   6    13 

New traditional joint revenue sharing arrangements

   4    3 

New hybrid joint revenue sharing lease arrangement

   4    —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total new theaters

   14    16 

Upgrades of IMAX theater systems

   3    —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total theater installations

   17    16 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The Company anticipates that it will install a total of approximately 160185 to 165 new190 theater systems, (excluding upgrades) in 2017. The Company’s installation estimates include scheduledwhich includes approximately 45 IMAX with Laser theater systems from backlog, as well as the Company’s estimate of installations from arrangements that will sign and install in the same calendar year.upgrades, during 2019. The Company cautions, however, that theater system installations may slipchange from period to period over the course of the Company’s business, usually for reasons beyond its control.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The Company prepares its condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”).

The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments under its accounting policies that affect the reported amountsfinancial results. The precision of assets, liabilities, revenuesthese estimates and expenses. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, including those related to selling prices associated with the individual elements in multiple element arrangements; residual valueslikelihood of leased theater systems; economic livesfuture changes depend on a number of leased assets; allowances for potential uncollectibilityunderlying variables and a range of accounts receivable, financing receivables and net investment in leases; write-downs for inventory obsolescence; ultimate revenues for film assets; impairment provisions for film assets, long-lived assets and goodwill; depreciable lives of property, plant and equipment; useful lives of intangible assets; pension plan and post retirement assumptions; accruals for exit costs, restructuring activities and contingencies including tax contingencies; valuation allowances for deferred income tax assets; and, estimates of the fair value and expected exercise dates of stock-based payment awards. possible outcomes.

Management bases its estimates on historical experience, future expectations and other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates due to uncertainty involved in measuring, at a specific point in time, events which are continuous in nature, and differences may be material. The Company’s significant accounting policies are discussed in Item 7 of the Company’s 20162018Form 10-K.

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC Topic 842 “Leases”. The standard was issued to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases.

The Company adopted ASC Topic 842, utilizing the modified retrospective transition method, which allowed the Company to adopt the standard as of the date of initial application. Prior year comparative amounts are not required to be restated and are presented in accordance with ASC Topic 840, “Leases” or other applicable standards effective prior to January 1, 2019. The Company has elected the ‘package of practical expedients’ permitted under the transition guidance within ASC Topic 842, which permits the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification and not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases. In addition, the Company is not required to reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company did not elect the land easements and the use of hindsight practical expedients in determining the lease term for existing leases. ASC Topic 842 also provides practical expedients for an entity’s ongoing accounting. The Company has elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify. As a result, for those leases with a term of less than 12 months, it will not recognizeright-of-use assets or lease liabilities. The Company also elected the practical expedient to not separate lease andnon-lease components for all of its leases regardless of whether the Company is the lessee or a lessor to the lease.

The Company’s estimates as a lessee the term of the Company’s leases and the determination of the incremental borrowing rate to be used. The Company assumed that it was reasonably certain that the renewal options on its warehouse leases would be exercised based on previous history and knowledge, current understanding of future business needs and level of investment in leasehold improvements among other considerations. The incremental borrowing rate used in the calculation of the lease liability is based on the location of each leased property. Please see notes 3 and 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 for additional information regarding the adoption of ASC Topic 842.

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Please see notenotes 2 and 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 for information regarding the Company’s recent changes in accounting policies and the impact of all recently issued accounting pronouncements impacting the Company.pronouncements.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

In this report, the Company presents certain data which are not recognized under U.S. GAAP and are considered“non-GAAP financial measures” under U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission rules. Specifically, the Company presents the followingnon-GAAP financial measures as supplemental measures of its performance:

 

Adjusted net income;

 

Adjusted net income per diluted share;

 

Adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders;

 

Adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders per diluted share; and

 

EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA.Adjusted EBITDA per Credit Facility.

The Company presents adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share, which excludes stock-based compensation, andnon-recurringexit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments, movements in fair value of financial instruments and the related tax impact of these adjustments, because it believes that they are important supplemental measures of the Company’s comparable controllable operating performance. Although stock-based compensation is an important aspect of the Company’s employee and executive compensation packages, it is mostly anon-cash expense and is excluded from certain internal business performance measures, and the Company wants to ensure that its investors fully understand the impact of its stock-based compensation (net of any related tax impact) andnon-recurring charges on net income.

In addition, the Company presents adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders and adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders per diluted share because it believes that they are important supplemental measures of its comparable financial results. Without the presentation of these adjusted presentation measuremeasures the Company believes it could potentially distort the analysis of trends in business performance and it wants to ensure that its investors fully understand the impact of net income attributable tonon-controlling interests, and its stock-based compensation, andnon-recurring exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments and movements in fair value of financial instruments (net of any related tax impact) in determining net income attributable to common shareholders.

Management uses these measures for internal reporting and forecasting purposes in order to review operating performance on a comparable basis from period to period. However, thesenon-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similarly titled amounts reported by other companies. The Company’snon-GAAP measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, net income and net income attributable to common shareholders and other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

The Company is required to maintain a minimum level ofIn addition, management uses “EBITDA”, as such term is defined in the Company’s credit agreement (and which is referred to herein as “Adjusted EBITDA”EBITDA per Credit Facility”, as the credit agreement includes additional adjustments beyond interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization). EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA (each as defined below) are used by management to evaluate, assess and benchmark the Company’s operational results, and theresults. The Company believes that EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA areper Credit Facility presents relevant and useful information widely used by analysts, investors and other interested parties in the Company’s industry. Accordingly, the Company is disclosing this information to permit a more comprehensive analysis of its operating performance and to provide additional information with respect to the Company’s ability to comply with its credit agreement requirements. However, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA arenon-GAAP measures and should not be construed as substitutes for net income, operating income or other operating performance measures that are determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In addition, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA might not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

EBITDA is defined as net income with adjustments for depreciation and amortization, interest income(expense)-net, and income tax provision (benefit). Adjusted EBITDA used by the Companyper Credit Facility is defined as EBITDA plus adjustments for loss from equity accounted investments, stock and othernon-cash compensation, exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments, legal arbitration award, executive transition costs and adjusted EBITDA attributable tonon-controlling interests.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Important factors that the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) Richard L. Gelfond uses in assessing the Company’s business and prospects include:

 

the signing, installation and financial performance of theater system arrangements (particularly its joint revenue sharing arrangements and new laser-basedIMAX with Laser projection systems);

 

film performance and the securing of new film projects (particularly IMAX DMR films);

 

revenue and gross margins from the Company’s segments;

 

earnings from operations as adjusted for unusual items that the Company views asnon-recurring;

 

the success of new business initiatives (including new content and VR initiatives);

short- and long-term cash flow projections;

the continuing ability to invest in and improve the Company’s technology to enhance its differentiation of presentation versus other cinematic experiences; and

 

  

the overall execution, reliability and consumer acceptance ofThe IMAXExperience.;

the success of new business initiatives; and

short- and long-term cash flow projections.

Management, including the Company’s CEO, who is the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) (as defined in the Segment Reporting Topic of the FASB ASC), assesses segment performance based on segment revenues and gross margins and film performance.margins. Selling, general and administrative expenses, research and development costs, amortization of intangibles, receivables provisions (recoveries), write-downs net of recoveries, interest income, interest expense and tax (provision) recovery are not allocated to the segments. As identified in note 14 to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1, the Company has identified new business as an additional reportable segment in the first quarter of 2017. The Company now has the following eight reportable segments: IMAX DMR; joint revenue sharing arrangements; IMAX systems; theater system maintenance; other; new business; film distribution; and film post-production. The Company is presenting the following information at a disaggregated level to provide more relevant information to readers, as permitted by the standard, and adjusted for the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard:

 

Network Business

 

The IMAX DMR segment consists of variable revenues from studios for the conversion of films into the IMAX DMR format generated by the box office results from the exhibition of those films in the IMAX theater network.

Theater Business

 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements – contingent rent, consists of variable rent revenues from box office exhibited in IMAX theaters in exchange for the provision of IMAX theater projection system equipment to exhibitors. This excludes fixed hybrid revenues and upfront installation costs from the Company’s hybrid joint revenue sharing arrangements.

New Business

 

IMAX systems – contingent rent; consists of variable payments in excess of certain fixed minimum ongoing payments, under arrangements in the IMAX systems segment, which are recognized when reported by theater operators, provided collectibility is reasonably assured.

Other

Theater Business

The IMAX systems segment consists of the design, manufacture and installation of IMAX theater projection system equipment under sales or sales-type lease arrangements for fixed upfront and ongoing consideration, including ongoing fees and finance income.

Joint revenue sharing arrangements – fixed fee, consists of fixed hybrid revenues and upfront installation costs from the joint revenue sharing arrangement segment.

The theater system maintenance segment consists of the provision of IMAX theater projection system equipment maintenance services to the IMAX theater network and the associated costs of those services.

Other theater includes after-market sales of IMAX theater projection system parts and 3D glasses from the other segment.

New Business

The new business segment consists of content licensing and distribution fees associated with the Company’s original content investments, VR initiatives, IMAX Home Entertainment, and other new business initiatives that are in the development and/orstart-up phase.

Other

The film distribution segment consists of revenues and costs associated with the distribution of documentary films for which the Company has distribution rights.

The film post-production segment consists of the provision of film post-production, and their associated costs.

The other segment consists of certain IMAX theaters that the Company owns and operates, camera rentals and other miscellaneous items.

The Company’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) of Financial Condition and Results of Operations has been organized by the Company into four primary groups – Network Business, Theater Business, New Business and Other. Each of the

Company’s reportable segments, as identified above, has been classified into one of these broader groups for purposes of MD&A discussion. The Company believes that this approach is consistent with how the CODM reviews the financial performance of the business and makes strategic decisions regarding resource allocation and investments to meet long-term business goals. Management believes that a discussion and analysis based on these groups is significantly more relevant and useful to readers, as the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations captions combine results from several segments. Certain ofFor additional details regarding the prior period’s figures have been reclassified to conformfour primary groups above, please refer to the current period’s presentation.Company’s 2018 Form10-K.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 versus Three Months Ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2018

The Company reported net income of $2.9$12.5 million, or $0.04$0.20 per basic and diluted share, for the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 as compared to net income of $4.4$12.1 million, or $0.07$0.19 per basic and diluted share for the thirdfirst quarter of 2016. 2018.

Net income for the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 includes a $5.7$4.4 million charge, or $0.09$0.07 per diluted share (2016(2018 — $7.7$4.8 million or $0.11$0.08 per diluted share), for stock-based compensation, and a $3.4$0.9 million charge, or $0.05$0.01 per diluted share, for exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments. impairments (2018 — $0.7 million, or $0.01 per diluted share), and a $2.5 million, or $0.04 per diluted share adjustment for the movements in fair value of financial instruments (2018 — $nil).

Adjusted net income, which consists of net income excluding the impact of stock-based compensation, exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments, the movements in fair value of financial instruments and the related tax impact of these adjustments, was $9.2$14.3 million, or $0.14$0.23 per diluted share, for the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 as compared to adjusted net income of $9.9$17.1 million, or $0.15$0.27 per diluted share, for the thirdfirst quarter of 2016. 2018.

The Company reported a net lossincome attributable to common shareholders of $0.9$8.3 million, or a $0.01 loss$0.13 per basic and diluted share for the thirdfirst quarter of 2017 (20162019 (2018 $2.5 million net income of $8.5 million, or $0.04$0.13 per basic and diluted share).

Adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders, which consists of net income attributable to common shareholders excluding the impact of stock-based compensation, exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments, the movements in fair value of financial instruments and the related tax impact of these adjustments, was $5.2$10.8 million, or $0.08$0.18 per diluted share, for the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 as compared to adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders of $7.9$13.4 million, or $0.12$0.21 per diluted share, for the thirdfirst quarter of 2016. 2018.

A reconciliation of net income and net income attributable to common shareholders, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, to adjusted net income, adjusted net income per diluted share, adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders and adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders per diluted share is presented in the table below:

 

  Three Months Ended   Three Months Ended 
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts)  September 30, 2017   September 30, 2016   Three Months Ended   Three Months Ended 
  March 31, 2019   March 31, 2018 
  Net Income   Diluted EPS   Net Income   Diluted EPS   Net Income   Diluted EPS   Net Income Diluted EPS 

Reported net income

  $2,898   $0.04   $4,384   $0.07   $12,487   $0.20   $12,067  $0.19 

Adjustments:

               

Stock-based compensation

   5,739    0.09    7,742    0.11    4,362    0.07    4,847  0.08 

Exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments

   3,437    0.05    —      —      850    0.01    702  0.01 

Movements in fair value of financial instruments

   (2,491   (0.04   —     —   

Tax impact on items listed above

   (2,855   (0.04   (2,210   (0.03   (881   (0.01   (559 (0.01
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Adjusted net income

   9,219    0.14    9,916    0.15    14,327    0.23    17,057  0.27 

Net income attributable tonon-controlling interests(1)

   (3,748   (0.06   (1,859   (0.03   (4,222   (0.06   (3,562 (0.06

Stock-based compensation (net of tax of $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively)(1)

   (263   —      (128   —   

Exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments (net of tax of less than $0.1 million)(1)

   (11   —      —      —   

Stock-based compensation (net of tax of less than $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively)(1)

   (85   —      (57  —   

Movements in fair value of financial instruments

   791    0.01    —     —   
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders

  $5,197   $0.08   $7,929   $0.12   $10,811   $0.18   $13,438  $0.21 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Weighted average diluted shares outstanding

     64,803      67,746      61,559    64,619 
    

 

     

 

     

 

    

 

 

 

(1)

Reflects amounts attributable tonon-controlling interests.

The following table sets forth the breakdown of revenue and gross margin by nature for the three months ended September 30:March 31:

 

(In thousands of U.S. dollars)  Revenue   Gross Margin   Revenue   Gross Margin 
  2017   2016   2017   2016   2019   2018   2019 2018 

Network business

               

IMAX DMR

  $25,971   $21,549   $18,114   $12,448   $27,950   $27,051   $19,775  $18,782 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements – contingent rent

   15,572    14,181    9,351    9,340    17,857    17,861    11,795  12,740 

IMAX systems – contingent rent

   1,094    779    1,094    779    26    —      26   —   
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 
   42,637    36,509    28,559    22,567    45,833    44,912    31,596  31,522 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Theater business

               

IMAX systems

               

Sales and sales-type leases(1)

   25,111    21,804    15,246    12,936    10,319    18,138    4,344  11,609 

Ongoing fees and finance income(2)

   2,646    3,104    2,522    3,028    2,869    2,730    2,822  2,683 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements – fixed fees

   2,658    5,517    624    1,640    2,539    —      295   —   

Theater system maintenance

   11,511    10,293    4,624    3,398    12,951    12,712    5,281  6,205 

Other theater

   1,586    2,445    247    314    1,626    1,377    475  (45
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 
   43,512    43,163    23,263    21,316    30,304    34,957    13,217  20,452 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

New business

   8,917    515    (11,912   (284   834    608    619  (1,469
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Other

               

Film distribution and post-production

   2,698    4,419    402    1,261    2,662    3,734    (25 446 

Other

   1,036    1,944    (444   39    565    773    (267 (259
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 
   3,734    6,363    (42   1,300    3,227    4,507    (292 187 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 
  $98,800   $86,550   $39,868   $44,899   $80,198   $84,984   $45,140  $50,692 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

Includes initial payments and the present value of fixed minimum payments from equipment, sales and sales-type lease transactions, and the present value of estimates of variable consideration from equipment sales transactions.

(2)

Includes rental income from operating leases and finance income.

Revenues and Gross Margin

The Company’s revenues for the thirdfirst quarter of 2017 increased 14.2%2019 decreased 5.6% to $98.8$80.2 million from $86.6$85.0 million in thirdthe first quarter of 2016, largely2018, primarily due to the performancemix of its networkinstallations in the Company’s theater business and new business groups.segment. The gross margin across all segments in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 was $39.9$45.1 million, or 40.4%56.3% of total revenue, compared to $44.9$50.7 million, or 51.9%59.6% of total revenue in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016. Impairment charges included in gross margin in the third quarter of 2017 were $12.3 million, of which $11.1 million related to new business initiatives, or 12.5% of total revenue, compared to $1.0 million, of which $nil related to new business initiatives, or 1.2% of total revenue in the third quarter of 2016.2018.

Network Business

RevenueGross box office generated by IMAX DMR films increased by 3.8% to $256.3 million in the first quarter of 2019 from $246.9 million in the first quarter of 2018. In the first quarter of 2019, gross box office was generated primarily by the exhibition of 24 films (12 new and 12 carryovers), as compared to 22 films (14 new and 8 carryovers) exhibited in the first quarter of 2018.

Network business revenue increased by 2.1% to $45.8 million in the first quarter of 2019 from $44.9 million in the first quarter of 2018 due to a slight increase in IMAX DMR revenue. The gross margin experienced by the Company’s network business increased 16.8% to $42.6 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017 from $36.52019 was $31.6 million, or 68.9% of network business revenue, compared to $31.5 million, or 70.2% in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2018. The gross margin increase is attributable to the IMAX DMR segment, offset by a decrease attributable to an increase in depreciation and launch marketing costs in the joint revenue sharing arrangements segment. The Company’s network business revenueperformance is drivenimpacted by box office performance, and specifically the impact of its performance onper-screen averages. The performance of the Company’s segments within its network business is also impacted byas well as other factors including the timing of a film release to the IMAX theater network, and customer reaction tothe commercial success of the film, among other factors that may be outside of the Company’s direct control, includingtake rates under its DMR and joint revenue sharing arrangements, and the distribution window for the exhibition of films in the IMAX theater network. These arrangements are reflected under the IMAX systems segment of Theater Business. Other factors impacting performance include fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar and potential currency devaluations. The distribution window for the release of films in theaters has been compressing and may continue to change in the future. A further reduction in timing between film releases could adversely affect box office performance and consequently future revenues and gross margin.

IMAX DMR revenues increased by 20.5%3.3% to $26.0$28.0 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 from $21.5$27.1 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016, which reflects stronger box office2018. The current year included the blockbuster performance thanCaptain Marvel: TheIMAXExperience and local language blockbusterThe Wandering Earth: TheIMAXExperience in China, while the comparative periodprior year included the blockbuster performance ofBlack Panther: TheIMAXExperience and continued growthlocal language blockbusterOperation Red Sea: The IMAXExperience in the IMAX theater network.China. IMAX DMR gross margins were stronger at $18.1increased to $19.8 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 as compared to $12.4$18.8 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.

Gross box office generated by IMAX DMR2018. Margin is a function of the costs associated with the respective films increased by 17.4% to $218.8 million in the third quarter of 2017 from $186.3 million in the third quarter of 2016. Gross box officeper-screen for the third quarter of 2017 averaged $181,122, in comparison to $184,700 in the third quarter of 2016 as the increase in gross box office did not increase at the same growth rate as the IMAX theater network. In the third quarter of 2017, gross box office was generated primarily by the exhibition of 24 films (17 new and 7 carryovers), as compared to 29 films (21 new and 8 carryovers) exhibited in the third quarter of 2016.period, and can vary particularly with respect to marketing expenses.

Contingent rent revenues from joint revenue sharing arrangements increased to $15.6were consistent at $17.9 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017 from $14.2 million in2019 and the thirdfirst quarter of 2016, largely due to continued network growth.2018. The Company ended the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 with 702809 theaters operating under joint revenue sharing arrangements, as compared to 592718 theaters at the end of the thirdfirst quarter of 2016,2018, an increase of 18.6%12.7%. Gross box office generated by the joint revenue sharing arrangements was 14.9% higherlower at $116.7$133.5 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 from $101.6$134.9 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2018. The Company’s joint revenue sharing arrangement performance is impacted by box office performance, as well as the take rates under each of its joint revenue sharing agreements and where a film is exhibited. Other factors impacting performance include fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar and potential currency devaluations.

The gross margin from joint revenue sharing arrangements increased slightlydecreased to $9.4$11.8 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 from $9.3$12.7 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2018. Included in the calculation of gross margin for the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 was depreciation of $5.6 million, as compared to $4.8 million in the first quarter of 2018, as a result of the 12.7% increase in the number of joint revenue sharing arrangement theaters in operation compared to the first quarter of 2018. Also included in gross margin were certain advertising, marketing and commission costs primarily associated with new theater launches of $1.4$0.1 million, as compared to $0.9$0.2 million during the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2018. Margin is function or the costs associated with each theater, such as the increase in depreciation on new IMAX with Laser systems and costs incurred for the upgrade of theater systems from a digital-xenon system to an IMAX with Laser system.

Contingent rent revenue from IMAX systems increased to $1.1 million in the third quarter of 2017 from $0.8 million in the third quarter of 2016. Contingent rent revenue consists of variable payments received in excess of the fixed minimum ongoing payments which are primarily driven by box office performance reported by theater operators. The increase inCompany expects this revenue is primarily duestream to an increasebe minimal on ago-forward basis. Contingent rent revenue of less than $0.1 million was recognized in the IMAX theater network’s abilityfirst quarter of 2019, compared to meet minimum rent requirements as theper-screen gross box office levels increased slightly in comparison to the prior year period.$nil first quarter of 2018.

Theater Business

Theater Business revenue increased 0.8% to $43.5 million inThe primary drivers of this line of business are theater system installations and the thirdCompany’s maintenance contracts that accompany each theater installation. For the first quarter of 20172019, theater business revenue decreased $4.7 million, or 13.3%, to $30.3 million as compared to $43.2 million in thirdthe first quarter of 2016.2018. The decrease in theater business revenue in 2019 as compared to 2018 was primarily due to:

In the third quarter

seven fewer installations of 2017, the Company installed 25 theater systems under sales orand sales-type lease arrangements, which includes five theaterarrangements; partially offset by

four additional systems underrecognized as hybrid joint revenue sharing arrangements, versus 26 theater systems, which includes nine theater systems under hybrid joint revenue sharing arrangements,lease arrangements; and

one additional system upgrade.

Theater business gross margin decreased 35.4% to $13.2 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.

Revenue from2019 as compared to $20.5 million in the first quarter of 2018, due to the mix of systems installed under sales and sales-type leases was $25.1 million in the third quarter of 2017, as compared to $21.8 million in the third quarter of 2016. The Company recognized revenue on 19 full, new theater systems which qualified as either sales or sales-type leases in the third quarter of 2017, with a total value of $23.7 million, versus 15 full, new theater systems in the third quarter of 2016 with a total value of $19.0 million. Average revenue per full, new theater system under a sales and sales-type lease arrangement was $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $1.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016. The average revenue per full, new theater system varies depending upon the number of theater system commitments with a single respective exhibitor, an exhibitor’s location or other various factors.

The Company recognized revenue from five full, new theater systems under hybrid joint revenue sharing lease arrangements, inas well as an increase to sustained engineering costs related to the third quarter of 2017,IMAX with a total value of $2.6 million, versus nine full, new theater systems in the third quarter of 2016 with a total value of $5.5 million.

The Company recognized revenue from one theater system upgrade in the third quarter of 2017, with a total value of $1.3 million, versus two full, new theater systems in the third quarter of 2016, with a total value of $2.6 million. Average revenue per theater system upgrade was $1.3 million for the third quarter of 2017Laser roll-out and 2016, respectively.continued development and support.

The installation of theater systems in newly-built theaters or multiplexes, which make up a large portion of the Company’s theater system backlog, depends primarily on the timing of the construction of those projects, which is not under the Company’s control. The breakdown in mix of sales and sales-type lease and joint revenue sharing arrangementarrangements (see discussion below) installations by theater system configuration for March 31 is outlined in the table below:

  Three Months Ended September 30, 
  2017  2016 

New IMAX digital theater systems - installed and recognized

  

Sales and sales-types lease arrangements

  19   15 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements

  30(1)   33(1) 
 

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total new theater systems

  49   48 
 

 

 

  

 

 

 

IMAX digital theater system upgrades - installed and recognized

  

Sales and sales-types lease arrangements

  1   2 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements

  1   —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total upgraded theater systems

  2   2 
 

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total theater systems installed

  51   50 
 

 

 

  

 

 

 

   2019   2018 
   Number of
Systems
   Revenue   Number of
Systems
   Revenue 

New IMAX digital theater systems — installed and recognized

        

Sales and sales-types lease arrangements(1)

   6   $8,278    13   $17,973 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements — hybrid

   4    2,539    —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total new theater systems

   10    10,817    13    17,973 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

IMAX digital theater system upgrades — installed and recognized

        

Sales and sales-types lease arrangements

   1    495    —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total upgraded theater systems

   1    495    —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total theater systems installed and recognized

   11   $11,312    13   $17,973 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)Includes five hybrids and 25 traditional

The arrangements for the sale of projection systems include indexed minimum payment increases over the term of the arrangement, as well as provision for additional payments in excess of the minimum agreed payments in situations where the theater systems under joint revenue sharing arrangements (2016 – nine hybrids and 24 traditional theater systems under joint revenue sharing arrangements).exceeds certain box office thresholds.

Theater business margin fromThe average revenue per full, new theater systems, excluding theater systemssystem under hybrid arrangements, was 68.2% in the third quarter of 2017, which was lower than the 68.8% experienced in the third quarter of 2016. Gross margina sales and sales-type lease arrangement varies depending upon the number of theater system commitments with a single respective exhibitor, an exhibitor’s location andor other various factors.

Gross margin from Average revenue per full, new theater system under a sales and sales-type lease arrangement was consistent at $1.4 million for the installation and recognition of hybrid joint revenue sharing arrangements was $0.6 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017, as compared to $1.6 million in2019 and the thirdfirst quarter of 2016, as four fewer systems were recognized in the current period.2018, respectively.

Theater system maintenance revenue increased 11.8%1.9% to $11.5$13.0 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 from $10.3$12.7 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2018. Theater system maintenance gross margin was $4.6$5.3 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 versus $3.4$6.2 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016. Maintenance revenue continues to grow as the number of theaters in the IMAX theater network grows.2018. Maintenance margins vary depending on the mix of theater system configurations in the theater network, volume-pricing related to larger relationships and the timing and the date(s) of installation and/or service.

Ongoing fees and finance income was $2.6$2.9 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 compared to $3.1$2.7 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2018. Gross margin for ongoing fees and finance income decreasedincreased to $2.5$2.8 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 from $3.0$2.7 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2018. The costs associated with ongoing fees are minimal as it usually consists of depreciation on the Company’s theaters under operating lease agreements and/or marketing.

Other theater revenue decreasedincreased to $1.6 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 as compared to $2.4$1.4 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2018. Other theater revenue primarily includes revenue generated from the Company’s after-market sales of projection system parts and 3D glasses. The gross margin recognized from other theater revenue was $0.2$0.5 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 as compared to $0.3a loss of less than $0.1 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2018.

New Business

Revenue earned from the Company’s new business initiatives was $8.9$0.8 million and the new business segment experienced a lossgross margin of $11.9$0.6 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017, respectively,2019, as compared to revenue of $0.5$0.6 million and amargin loss of $0.3$1.5 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016, respectively.

2018. The performanceincrease in revenue is attributable to IMAX Enhanced program which was launched at the end of 2018, compared to the new business segmentprior year quarter where the income was derived from IMAX VR and other residual income from prior initiatives. The increase in gross margin is primarily attributable to the decrease in IMAX VR costs as locations which were open in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017, was mostly driven by the premiere of the new television series “Marvels Inhumans”. Episodic revenue, costs and gross margin recognized in the period were $8.7 million, $19.8 million and a loss of $11.1 million, respectively.2018 have been closed.

The Company is evaluating its new business initiatives separately from its core business as the nature of its activities is separate and distinct from its ongoing operations.operations, and as a result the Company views it as helpful to discuss items beyond that of gross margin. The Company recognized a loss before taxnet earnings from its new business initiatives for the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 of $14.5$0.4 million, which includes exit costs and restructuring charges of $0.1 million, amortization of $1.6 million, impairment charges of $11.1$0.1 million and an equity loss of $0.3$0.1 million. In addition, selling, general and administrative recovery of $0.1 million as compared toand research and development costs of less than $0.1 million are included in the calculation of net income. In the prior year comparative period, a loss of $2.5 million, which includes amortization of $0.2$0.7 million, income taxes of

$0.1 million and an equity loss of $0.2 million. In addition, the loss includes selling, general and administrative costs of $0.7 million in the

prior year comparative period. Negative EBITDA from the Company’s new business initiatives was $1.5and research and development costs of $0.1 million are included in the third quartercalculation of 2017, as compared to $1.6 million in the third quarter of 2016.net income.

Other

Film distribution and post-production revenues decreased 38.9% towere $2.7 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017 from $4.42019, as compared to $3.7 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016, primarily due to a decrease in film distribution revenue from IMAX original films.2018. Film distribution and post-production gross margin was a loss of less than $0.1 million in the first quarter of 2019, as compared to $0.4 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017 as2018, primarily due to a decrease in post-production margin in the current quarter compared to $1.3 million in the third quarter of 2016, as the Company has accelerated depreciation on its IMAX original films to reflect an update in ultimate expectations. The Company reviews the carrying value of certain documentary film assets, on anon-going basis, as a result of lower than expected revenue being generated during the respective period and revises expectations for future revenues based on the latest information available.prior year comparative period.

Other revenue decreased to $1.0$0.6 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017,2019, as compared to $1.9$0.8 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2018. Other revenue primarily includes revenue generated from the Company’s theater operations and camera rental business. The lower level ofdecrease in revenue is primarily the result of a decrease in camera revenuestheater operations revenue, including one less owned and operated theater in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017,2019, as compared to the prior year comparative period.

The gross margin recognized from other revenue was consistent in the first quarter of 2019 and 2018 with a loss of $0.4 million in the third quarter of 2017 as compared to a margin of less than $0.1 million in the third quarter of 2016, largely due to the lower camera revenue earned in the current period versus the comparative period.$0.3 million.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to $25.5$27.6 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017,2019, as compared to $30.7$28.0 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2018. Selling, general and administrative expenses excluding the impact of stock-based compensation were $20.3$23.7 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017,2019, as compared to $22.9$23.5 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016. 2018.

The following reflects the significant items impacting selling, general and administrative expenses as compared tofor the prior year comparative period:first quarter of 2019 and 2018:

 

a $2.5 million decrease in the Company’s stock-based compensation;
   2019   2018   2019 versus 2018 

Staff costs

  $15,274   $13,898   $1,376   9.9

Stock-based compensation

   3,903    4,417    (514  (11.6)% 

Consulting

   2,358    3,364    (1,006  (29.9)% 

Foreign exchange loss

   222    62    160   (258.1)% 

Other general corporate expenditures

   5,892    6,218    (326  (5.2)% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

Total

  $27,649   $27,959   $(310  (1.1)% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

a $1.8 million decrease in staffStaff costs including salaries and benefit;

a $0.7 million decrease due to a change in foreign exchange rates. During the third quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded a foreign exchange gain of $0.5 million for net foreign exchange gains/lossespresented above are related to the translation of foreign currency denominated monetary assetsCompany’s core business and liabilities as compared to a loss of $0.2 million recorded in 2016;include salaries and
benefits.

a $0.2 million net decrease in otherOther general corporate expenditures including consultinginclude professional fees, travel and professional fees.
entertainment. Selling, general and administrative expenses also includes asset impairment charges and write-offs, if any, and miscellaneous items, other than interest.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses were comparable at $4.6decreased to $1.1 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017 and $4.52019, as compared to $3.6 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016 and are2018. The decrease is primarily attributabledue to the continued development ofdecreased spending on the Company’s new commercialupdated laser-based digital projection system and other new business initiatives which commenced in 2017, includingcompared to the Google camera and VR.first quarter of 2018.

The Company intends for additionalA significant portion of the Company’s research and development to continue throughout 2017 asefforts over the Company supports further development ofpast several years have been focused on IMAX with Laser, the commercialCompany’s next-generation laser-based projection system, which the Company believes delivers increased resolution, sharper and its new business initiatives, including VRbrighter images, deeper contrast as well as the widest range of colors available to filmmakers today. The Company expects that research and development expense will continue to decrease in 2019, following the previously-announced cinema-grade VR camera to be developedinitialroll-out of IMAX with Laser, which occurred in partnership with Google.the prior year.

The Company also intends to continue research and development in other areas considered important to the Company’s continued commercial success, including further improving the reliability of its projectors, developing and manufacturingcertifying more IMAX cameras, enhancing the Company’s 2D and 3D image quality, expanding the applicability of the Company’s digital technology developing IMAX theater systems’ capabilities in both hometheater and livehome entertainment, improvements to the DMR process and the ability to deliver DMR releases digitally to its theater network, without the requirement for hard drives.process.

Receivable Provisions, Net of Recoveries

Receivable provisions, net of recoveries for accounts receivable and financing receivables amounted to a net provision of $1.0$0.4 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019 as compared to a net provision of $0.3$0.5 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016, primarily resulting from the deterioration in the financial condition of certain theater exhibitors and studios.2018.

The Company’s accounts receivables and financing receivables are subject to credit risk, as a result of geographical location, exchange rate fluctuations, and other factors.unforeseeable financial difficulties. These receivables are concentrated with the leading theater exhibitors and studios in the film entertainment industry. To minimize the Company’s credit risk, the Company retains title to underlying theater systems leased, performs initial and ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and makes ongoing provisions for its estimate of potentially uncollectible amounts. Accordingly, the Company believes it has adequately protected itself against exposures relating to receivables and contractual commitments.

Interest Income and Expense

Interest income was $0.3$0.6 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017,2019 as compared to $0.4$0.2 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2018.

Interest expense was $0.5$0.7 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017 and 2016 respectively.2019 as compared to $0.5 million first quarter of 2018. Included in interest expense is the amortization of deferred finance costs in the amount of $0.1 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017 and 2016, respectively.2019 as compared to $0.1 million in the first quarter of 2018. The Company’s policy is to defer and amortize all the costs relating to debt financing which are paid directly to the debt provider, over the life of the debt instrument.

Movements in fair value of financial instruments

In the first quarter of 2019, IMAX China (Hong Kong), Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of IMAX China, entered into a cornerstone investment agreement with Maoyan Entertainment (“Maoyan”) and purchased equity securities for $15.2 million. These equity securities are traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, and the Company is required to adjust the fair value of the securities each period to reflect the current market value. This adjustment will fluctuate based on the closing market price at the end of each period. In the first quarter of 2019, an adjustment of $2.5 million was recognized.

Exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments

Exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments were $3.4was $0.9 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20172019, which iswas comprised of employee severance costs incurredand costs to exit an existing operating lease,lease. In the first quarter of 2018, an expense of $0.7 million was recognized which was comprised of employee severance costs, costs of consolidating facilities and contract termination costs. The Company did not recognize any impairments in the three months ended September 30, 2017. No such charges were incurred in the prior year comparative period.

Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate and varies from year to year primarily as a result of numerous permanent differences, investment and other tax credits, the provision for income taxes at different rates in foreign and other provincial jurisdictions, enacted statutory tax rate increases or reductions in the year, including the impact of the Tax Act, changes due to foreign exchange, changes in the Company’s valuation allowance based on the Company’s recoverability assessments of deferred tax assets, and favorable or unfavorable resolution of various tax examinations.

As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company had a gross deferred income tax asset of $33.6$30.7 million, against which the Company is carrying a $0.2 million valuation allowance. For the three months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $1.0$3.6 million, which included a provisionincludes an expense of $0.2$0.4 million related to its provision for uncertain tax positions. In addition, included in the provision for income taxes was a $0.2$0.3 million provisionexpense for tax shortfalls related to stock-based compensation costs recognized in the period, offset by a less than $0.1 million recovery related to other items.period.

The Company’s Chinese subsidiary has made inquiries of the Chinese State Administration of Taxation regarding the potential deductibility of certain stock basedstock-based compensation for stock options issued by the Chinese subsidiary’s parent company, IMAX China Holding, Inc.China. In addition, Chinese regulatory authorities responsible for capital and exchange controls will need to review and approve the proposed transactions before they can be completed. There may be a requirement for future investment of funds into China in order to secure the deduction. Should the Company proceed, any such future investment would come from existing capital invested in the IMAX China group of companies being redeployed amongst the IMAX China group of companies, including the Chinese subsidiary. The Company is unable to reliably estimateCompany’s Chinese Subsidiary has treated the magnitudestock-based compensation as deductible and has set up related deferred tax assets of the related tax benefits at this time.$1.3 million.

Equity-Accounted Investments

The Company accounts for investments in new business ventures using the guidance of the FASB ASC 323. As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the equity method of accounting is being utilized for an investment with a carrying value of $nil (December 31, 20162018 — $nil). The Company’s accumulated losses in excess of its equity investment were $0.7$1.7 million as at September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019. For the three months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, gross revenues, cost of revenue and net loss for these investments were $0.2 million, $1.0$0.5 million and $0.8

$0.4 million, respectively (2016(2018$nil, $1.6$0.5 million, $0.9 million and $1.5$0.6 million, respectively). The Company recorded its proportionate share of the net loss which amounted to $0.3$0.1 million thirdfirst quarter of 2017,2019, compared to $0.7a net loss of $0.2 million experienced in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2018.

Non-Controlling Interests

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include theanon-controlling interest in the net income of IMAX China resulting from the IMAX China Investment and the IMAX China IPO as well as the impact of anon-controlling interestinterests in its subsidiarysubsidiaries created for the Original Film Fund and VR Content Fund activity. For the three months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the net income attributable tonon-controlling interests of the Company’s subsidiaries was $3.7$4.2 million (2016(2018$1.9$3.6 million).

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 versus Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016

The Company reported net income of $3.8 million, or $0.06 per basic and diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to net income of $27.2 million, or $0.40 per basic and diluted share for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 includes a $17.8 million charge, or $0.27 per diluted share (2016 — $22.5 million or $0.32 per diluted share), for stock-based compensation and a $13.7 million charge, or $0.20 per diluted share for exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments. Adjusted net income, which consists of net income excluding the impact of stock-based compensation, exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments and the related tax impact, was $25.7 million, or $0.38 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to adjusted net income of $43.3 million, or $0.63 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The Company reported a net loss attributable to common shareholders of $2.5 million, or a loss of $0.04 per basic and diluted share for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (2016 — net income of $19.8 million, or $0.29 per basic and diluted share). Adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders, which consists of net income attributable to common shareholders excluding the impact of stock-based compensation, exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments and the related tax impact, was $18.7 million, or $0.28 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders of $35.5 million, or $0.52 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. A reconciliation of net income and net income attributable to common shareholders, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, to adjusted net income, adjusted net income per diluted share, adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders and adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders per diluted share is presented in the table below:

   Nine Months Ended   Nine Months Ended 
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts)  September 30, 2017   September 30, 2016 
   Net Income   Diluted EPS   Net Income   Diluted EPS 

Reported net income

  $3,820   $0.06   $27,244   $0.40 

Adjustments:

        

Stock-based compensation

   17,796    0.27    22,485    0.32 

Exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments

   13,695    0.20    —      —   

Tax impact on items listed above

   (9,578   (0.15   (6,394   (0.09
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted net income

   25,733    0.38    43,335    0.63 

Net income attributable tonon-controlling interests(1)

   (6,307   (0.10   (7,401   (0.11

Stock-based compensation (net of tax of $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively) (1)

   (544   —      (421   —   

Exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments (net of tax of less than $0.1 million)(1)

   (179   —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders

  $18,703   $0.28   $35,513   $0.52 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average diluted shares outstanding

     65,834      68,721 
    

 

 

     

 

 

 

(1)Reflects amounts attributable tonon-controlling interests.

The following table sets forth the breakdown of revenue and gross margin by nature for the nine months ended September 30:

(In thousands of U.S. dollars)  Revenue   Gross Margin 
   2017   2016   2017   2016 

Network Business

        

IMAX DMR

  $77,136   $78,767   $52,578   $52,398 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements - contingent rent

   49,702    54,994    33,271    41,620 

IMAX systems - contingent rent

   2,573    3,178    2,573    3,178 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   129,411    136,939    88,422    97,196 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Theater Business

        

IMAX systems

        

Sales and sales-type leases(1)

   48,178    58,522    28,190    26,795 

Ongoing fees and finance income(2)

   7,844    8,808    7,582    8,279 

Joint revenue sharing arrangements – fixed fees

   4,536    11,946    887    3,096 

Theater system maintenance

   33,459    30,031    13,306    10,207 

Other theater

   5,449    7,789    1,082    993 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   99,466    117,096    51,047    49,370 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

New Business

   11,508    601    (13,432   (861
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other

        

Film distribution and post-production

   11,369    9,781    (262   2,030 

Other

   3,460    6,004    (677   (383
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   14,829    15,785    (939   1,647 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $255,214   $270,421   $125,098   $147,352 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)Includes initial payments and the present value of fixed minimum payments from equipment, sales and sales-type lease transactions.
(2)Includes rental income from operating leases and finance income.

Revenues and Gross Margin

The Company’s revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 decreased by 5.6% to $255.2 million from $270.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to a decrease in revenues from the Company’s network business and theater business groups. The gross margin across all segments in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $125.1 million, or 49.0% of total revenue, compared to $147.4 million, or 54.5% of total revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Impairment charges included in gross margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were $17.5 million, of which $11.1 million related to new business initiatives, or 6.9% of total revenue, compared to $1.5 million, of which $nil related to new business initiatives, or 0.6% of total revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Network Business

Network business revenue decreased by 5.5% to $129.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $136.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The Company’s network business revenue is driven by gross box office performance, which was lower in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as discussed below.

The Company’s network business performance is also impacted by the timing of a release to the IMAX theater network and customer reaction to the film, among other factors that may be outside of the Company’s direct control, including fluctuations in the value of

foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar and potential currency devaluations. The distribution window for the release of films in theater has been compressing and may continue to change in the future. A further reduction in timing between film releases could adversely affect box office performance and consequently future revenues and gross margin.

IMAX DMR revenues decreased 2.1% to $77.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $78.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, due to weaker gross box office performance leading to lowerper-screen averages. The gross margin from the IMAX DMR segment was $52.6 million and $52.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Gross box office generated by IMAX DMR films decreased 2.7% to $699.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $719.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Gross box officeper-screen for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 averaged $590,262, in comparison to $732,600 in the third quarter of 2016. In the nine months ended September 30, 2017, gross box office was generated primarily by the exhibition of 46 films (40 new and 6 carryovers), as compared to 48 films (42 new and 6 carryovers) exhibited in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

The 9.6% decrease in revenues from joint revenue sharing arrangements was largely due to lowerper-screen averages versus the prior year comparative period, offset slightly by continued network growth. Revenues from joint revenue sharing arrangements decreased to $49.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $55.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The Company ended the current period with 702 theaters operating under joint revenue sharing arrangements, as compared to 592 theaters at the end of the nine months ended September 30, 2016, an increase of 18.6%. Gross box office generated by the joint revenue sharing arrangements was 1.2% lower at $376.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $380.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

The gross margin from joint revenue sharing arrangements decreased by 20.0% to $33.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $41.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Included in the calculation of gross margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were certain advertising, marketing and commission costs primarily associated with new theater launches of $2.5 million, as compared to $1.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Contingent rent revenue from IMAX systems decreased to $2.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $3.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Contingent rent revenue consists of variable payments received in excess of the fixed minimum ongoing payments which are primarily driven by gross box office performance reported by theater operators. The decrease in revenue is primarily due to a decrease in gross box office performance in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 versus the prior year comparative period.

Theater Business

Theater business revenue decreased 15.1% to $99.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to $117.1 million in nine months ended September 30, 2016.

The decrease in theater business revenue is primarily due to 19 fewer theater system installations in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, for a total of $16.9 million. The Company installed 48 theater systems under sales and sales-type lease arrangements, which includes nine theater systems under hybrid joint revenue sharing arrangements, in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 versus 67 theater systems, which includes 21 theater systems under hybrid joint revenue sharing arrangements, in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Revenue from sales and sales-type leases was $48.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $58.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The Company recognized revenue on 36 full, new theater systems which qualified as either sales or sales-type leases in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, with a total value of $43.9 million, versus 33 theater systems in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 with a total value of $41.2 million. Average revenue per full, new theater system under a sales and sales-type lease arrangement was $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $1.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The average revenue per full, new theater system under a sales and sales-type lease arrangement varies depending upon the number of theater system commitments with a single respective exhibitor, an exhibitor’s location or other various factors.

The Company recognized revenue from nine full, new theater systems under hybrid joint revenue sharing arrangements in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, with a total value of $4.5 million, versus 21 full, new theater systems in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 with a total value of $11.9 million.

The Company recognized revenue from three theater system upgrades in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, with a total value of $4.0 million, versus 13 full, new theater systems in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 with a total value of $16.2 million. Average revenue per theater system upgrade was $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $1.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

The installation of theater systems in newly-built theaters or multiplexes, which make up a large portion of the Company’s theater system backlog, depends primarily on the timing of the construction of those projects, which is not under the Company’s control. The breakdown in mix of sales and sales-type lease and joint revenue sharing arrangement (see discussion below) installations by theater system configuration is outlined in the table below:

   Nine Months Ended September 30, 
   2017  2016 

New IMAX xenon-based digital theater systems - installed and recognized

   36   33 

Sales and sales-types lease arrangements

   

Joint revenue sharing arrangements

   60(1)   63(1) 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total new theater systems

   96   96 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

IMAX xenon-based digital theater system upgrades - installed and recognized

   3   13 

Sales and sales-types lease arrangements

   

Joint revenue sharing arrangements

   1   —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total upgraded theater systems

   4(2)   13(2) 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total theater systems installed

   100   109 
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)Includes nine hybrids and 51 traditional theater systems under joint revenue sharing arrangements (2016 – 21 hybrids and 42 traditional joint revenue sharing arrangements).
(2)Includes three laser-based digital system under sales and sales-types lease arrangements and one laser-based digital system configuration under traditional joint revenue sharing arrangement (2016 – 11 laser-based digital system configuration upgrades and two xenon-based digital system under sales and sales-types lease arrangements).

Theater business margin from full, new sales and sales-type lease systems was 68.5% in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 which was higher than the 64.5% experienced in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Gross margin from theater system upgrades was $0.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $1.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to three theater system upgrades in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to 13 upgrades in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. In addition, the Company recorded a charge of $0.2 million upon the upgrade of a xenon-based digital system under an operating lease arrangement to a laser-based digital system under a sales arrangement in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, for components which were not used in the upgrade and cannot be used for future installations. No such charge was recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Gross margin varies depending upon the number of theater system commitments with a single respective exhibitor, an exhibitor’s location and other various factors.

Gross margin from the installation and recognition of theater systems under hybrid joint revenue sharing arrangements was $0.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $3.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, which is a direct result of the number of theater systems recognized in each respective period.

Theater system maintenance revenue increased 11.4% to $33.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $30.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Theater system maintenance gross margin was $13.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 versus $10.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Maintenance revenue continues to grow as the number of theaters in the IMAX theater network grows. Maintenance margins vary depending on the mix of theater system configurations in the theater network, volume-pricing related to larger relationships and the timing and the date(s) of installation and/or service.

Ongoing fees and finance income was $7.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $8.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Gross margin for ongoing rent and finance income decreased to $7.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $8.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Other theater revenue decreased to $5.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to $7.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Other theater revenue primarily includes revenue generated from the Company’s after-market sales of projection system parts and 3D glasses. The gross margin recognized from other theater revenue was $1.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to $1.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

New Business

Revenue earned from the Company’s new business initiatives was $11.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $0.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. New business revenue was primarily generated from the release of theco-produced new television series“Marvel’s Inhumans” in September 2017 and contractual payments relating to progress on the development of an IMAX VR camera in the first half of 2017.

The gross margin recognized from the new business segment was a loss of $13.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to a loss of $0.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to the“Marvel’s Inhumans” introductory performance coupled with the launch of the Company’s first pilot IMAX VR Center in Los Angeles, the opening of the AMC Kips Bay VR location and the performance of the Company’s other new business initiatives, as compared to the prior year comparative period.

The performance of the new business segment, in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, was mostly driven by the premiere of the new television series “Marvel’s Inhumans”. Episodic revenue, cost of revenue and gross margin recognized in the period were $8.7 million, $20.6 million and a loss of $11.9 million, respectively.

The Company is evaluating its new business initiatives separately from its core business as the nature of its activities is separate and distinct from its ongoing operations. The Company recognized a net loss before tax from its new business initiatives for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 of $24.5 million, which includes amortization of $2.5 million, exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments of $3.4 million, impairment charges of $11.1 million and an equity loss of $0.8 million, as compared to net loss of $8.0 million, which includes amortization of $0.4 million and an equity loss of $2.5 million, in the prior year comparative period. Negative EBITDA from the Company’s new business initiatives was $6.7 million and $5.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Other

Film distribution and post-production revenues was $11.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $9.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to an increase in post-production revenue from third party business. The film distribution and post-production segments experienced a gross loss of $0.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to a margin of $2.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 primarily due to a charge against film assets. The Company reviewed the carrying value of certain documentary film assets as a result of lower than expected revenue being generated during the period and revised expectations for future revenues based on the latest information available. An impairment of $4.6 million was recorded based on the carrying value of these documentary films as compared to the related estimated future box office and revenues that would ultimately be generated by these films. No similar charge was recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Other revenue decreased to $3.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $6.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Other revenue primarily includes revenue generated from the Company’s theater operations and camera rental business. The decrease in revenue is primarily the result of two IMAX owned and operational theaters in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to three such theaters in the prior year comparative period.

The gross margin recognized from other revenue was a loss of $0.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to loss of $0.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to $85.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $92.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Selling, general and administrative expenses excluding the impact of stock-based compensation were $68.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $70.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The following reflects the significant items impacting selling, general and administrative expenses as compared to the prior year comparative period:

a $6.3 million decrease in the Company’s stock-based compensation;

a $0.8 million decrease due to a change in foreign exchange rates. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded a foreign exchange gain of $0.7 million for net foreign exchange gains/losses related to the translation of foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities as compared to a loss of $0.1 million recorded in 2016; and

a $1.3 million net decrease in other general corporate expenditures including consulting and professional fees.

These decreases were offset by a $0.8 million increase in staff costs, including salaries and benefits.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses increased to $14.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $11.6 million in the third quarter of 2016 and are primarily attributable to the continued development of the Company’s new commercial laser-based digital projection system and other new business initiatives which commenced in 2016, including the Google camera and VR.

The Company intends for additional research and development to continue throughout 2017 as the Company supports further development of the commercial laser-based projection system and its new business initiatives, including VR and the previously-announced cinema-grade VR camera to be developed in partnership with Google.

The Company also intends to continue research and development in other areas considered important to the Company’s continued commercial success, including further improving the reliability of its projectors, developing and manufacturing more IMAX cameras, enhancing the Company’s 2D and 3D image quality, expanding the applicability of the Company’s digital technology, developing IMAX theater systems’ capabilities in both home and live entertainment, improvements to the DMR process and the ability to deliver DMR releases digitally to its theater network, without the requirement for hard drives.

Asset impairments

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company identified and wrote off $1.2 million related to a certain loan that is no longer considered collectible. No such charge was recognized in the prior year comparative period.

Receivable Provisions, Net of Recoveries

Receivable provisions, net of recoveries for accounts receivable and financing receivables amounted to a net provision of $2.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to a net provision of $0.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily resulting from the deterioration in the financial condition of certain theater exhibitors and studios.

The Company’s accounts receivables and financing receivables are subject to credit risk, as a result of geographical location, exchange rate fluctuations, and other factors. These receivables are concentrated with the leading theater exhibitors and studios in the film entertainment industry. To minimize the Company’s credit risk, the Company retains title to underlying theater systems leased, performs initial and ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and makes ongoing provisions for its estimate of potentially uncollectible amounts. Accordingly, the Company believes it has adequately protected itself against exposures relating to receivables and contractual commitments.

Interest Income and Expense

Interest income was $0.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $1.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Interest expense was $1.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $1.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Included in interest expense is the amortization of deferred finance costs in the amount of $0.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to $0.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The Company’s policy is to defer and amortize all the costs relating to debt financing which are paid directly to the debt provider, over the life of the debt instrument.

Exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments

Exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments were $13.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Exit costs are the costs incurred to exit an operating lease. Restructuring charges comprised of employee severance costs, costs of consolidating facilities and contract termination costs of $7.4 million. Associated impairments related to the exit activities were $5.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. No such charges were incurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate and varies from year to year primarily as a result of numerous permanent differences, investment and other tax credits, the provision for income taxes at different rates in foreign and other provincial jurisdictions, enacted statutory tax rate increases or reductions in the year, changes due to foreign exchange, changes in the Company’s valuation allowance based on the Company’s recoverability assessments of deferred tax assets, and favorable or unfavorable resolution of various tax examinations.

As at September 30, 2017, the Company had a gross deferred income tax asset of $33.6 million, against which the Company is carrying a $0.2 million valuation allowance. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $0.9 million, which included a provision of $0.2 million related to its provision for uncertain tax positions. In addition, included in the provision of income taxes was a $0.4 million recovery for windfall tax benefits, and a tax benefit of $0.8 million related to other items.

The Company’s Chinese subsidiary has made inquiries of the Chinese State Administration of Taxation regarding the potential deductibility of certain stock based compensation for stock options issued by the Chinese subsidiary’s parent company, IMAX China Holding, Inc. In addition, Chinese regulatory authorities responsible for capital and exchange controls will need to review and approve the proposed transactions before they can be completed. There may be a requirement for future investment of funds into China in order to secure the deduction. Should the Company proceed, any such future investment would come from existing capital invested in the IMAX China group of companies being redeployed amongst the IMAX China group of companies, including the Chinese subsidiary. The Company is unable to reliably estimate the magnitude of the related tax benefits at this time.

Equity-Accounted Investments

The Company accounts for investments in new business ventures using the guidance of the FASB ASC 323. As at September 30, 2017, the equity method of accounting is being utilized for an investment with a carrying value of $nil (December 31, 2016 — $nil). The Company’s accumulated losses in excess of its equity investment were $0.7 million as at September 30, 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, gross revenues, cost of revenue and net loss for the Company’s investments were $0.7 million, $2.8 million and $2.3 million, respectively (2016 — $0.3 million, $6.0 million and $5.6 million, respectively). The Company recorded its proportionate share of the net loss which amounted to $0.8 million nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $2.5 million experienced in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Non-Controlling Interests

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include thenon-controlling interest in the net income of IMAX China resulting from the IMAX China Investment and the IMAX China IPO as well as the impact of anon-controlling interest in its subsidiary created for the Original Film Fund activity. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the net income attributable tonon-controlling interests of the Company’s subsidiaries were $6.3 million (2016 — $7.4 million).

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The Company maintains a senior secured credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with a maximum borrowing capacity of $200.0 million and a scheduled maturity of March 3, 2020. The Credit Facility is collateralized by a first priority security interest in substantially all of the present and future assets ofOn June 28, 2018, the Company and the Guarantors. Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries serve as guarantors (the “Guarantors”) of the Company’s obligations under the Credit Facility.

The terms of the Credit Facility are set forth in the Fourthentered into a Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), dated March 3, 2015, among the Company, the Guarantors, the lenders named therein, with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“Wells Fargo”), as agent, and issuing lender (Wells Fargo, together witha syndicate of lenders party thereto. The Credit Agreement expands the lenders named therein,Company’s revolving borrowing capacity from $200.0 million to $300.0 million, and also contains an uncommitted accordion feature allowing the “Lenders”Company to further expand its borrowing capacity to $440.0 million or greater, depending on the mix of revolving and term loans comprising the incremental facility. The new facility (the “Credit Facility”) matures on June 28, 2023.

The Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain of the Company’s subsidiaries (the “Guarantors”), and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as Sole Lead Arranger and Sole Bookrunner andare secured by first-priority security interests in various collateral and security documents entered into bysubstantially all the assets of the Company and the Guarantors. Each

The Company used a portion of the Guarantors has also entered into a guarantee in respectproceeds under the facility to repay the outstanding term loan debt incurred to finance the construction of our West Coast headquarters and intends to use the remaining proceeds under the facility to finance ongoing working capital requirements and for other general corporate purposes. The Credit Facility, coupled with recurring cash generated by the Company’s obligations under the Credit Facility. On February 22, 2016,theater network, is expected to provide enhanced flexibility as the Company amendedcontinues with the termsglobal expansion of the Credit Agreementits business and pursues other avenues to increase the general restricted payment basket thereunder (which covers, among other things, the repurchase of shares) from $150.0 million to $350.0 million in the aggregate after the amendment date.shareholder value.

Total amounts drawn and available under the Credit Facility at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 were $nil$60.0 million and $200.0$240.0 million, respectively (December 31, 20162018$nil$40.0 million and $200.0$260.0 million, respectively).

Under the Credit Facility, the The effective interest rate for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 was nil, as no amounts were outstanding during the period (2016 – nil)3.57% (2018 — n/a).

The Credit Facility providesrequires that the Company is requiredmaintain a Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio, as at all times to satisfy a Minimum Liquidity Testthe last day of any Fiscal Quarter (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of at least $50.0 million.no greater than 3.25:1.0. The Company is also required to maintain minimum EBITDA (as definedwas in the Credit Agreement) of $100.0 million.compliance with this requirement at March 31, 2019. The Company is also required to maintain a Maximum TotalSenior Secured Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of 2.0:1.0, which requirement decreases to 1.75:1.0 on December 31, 2017. The Company was in compliance with all of these requirements at September 30, 2017. The Maximum Total Leverage Ratio was 0.22:0.00:1 as at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, where Total Debt (as defined in the Credit Agreement) is the sum of all obligations evidenced by notes, bonds, debentures or similar instruments, net of up to $75.0 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents outside of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”), was $26.2 million.$nil. Adjusted EBITDA per Credit Facility is calculated as follows:

Adjusted EBITDA per Credit Facility:

 For the For the 
 Three Months Ended Twelve Months Ended 
 September 30, 2017 September 30, 2017(1) 
Adjusted EBITDA per Credit Facility:  For the
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019
   For the
Twelve Months Ended
March 31, 2019(1)
 
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars)             

Net income

 $2,898  $15,896   $12,487   $34,015 

Add (subtract):

      

Provision for income taxes

 1,009  7,462    3,648    8,713 

Interest expense, net of interest income

 275  864    111    936 

Depreciation and amortization, including film asset amortization

 14,252  51,521    14,211    58,127 
 

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

 

EBITDA

 $18,434  $75,743   $30,457   $101,791 

Stock and othernon-cash compensation

   4,524    23,106 

Movements in fair value of financial instruments

   (2,491   (2,491

Write-downs, net of recoveries including asset impairments and receivable provisions

   697    4,999 

Exit costs, restructuring charges and associated impairments

 3,437  13,695    850    9,690 

Stock and othernon-cash compensation

 6,419  27,606 

Write-downs, net of recoveries including asset impairments and receivable provisions

 12,465  23,104 

Legal arbitration award

   —      11,737 

Executive transition costs

   —      2,994 

Loss from equity accounted investments

 318  687    84    371 
 

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA beforenon-controlling interests

 $41,073  $140,835   $34,121   $152,197 

Adjusted EBITDA attributable tonon-controlling interests(2)

 (6,511 (21,624   (5,598   (21,994
 

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA per Credit Facility

  $28,523   $130,203 
 $34,562  $119,211   

 

   

 

 
 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio of total debt calculated using twelve months ended Adjusted EBITDA per Credit Facility.

(2)

The Adjusted EBITDA per Credit Facility calculation specified for purposes of the minimum Adjusted EBITDA covenant excludesincludes the reduction in Adjusted EBITDA per Credit Facility from the Company’snon-controlling interests.

Playa Vista FinancingWorking Capital Loan

On July 5, 2018, IMAX PV Development Inc.(Shanghai) Multimedia Technology Co., a Delaware corporationLtd. (“PV Borrower”IMAX Shanghai”) and wholly-owned, the Company’s majority-owned subsidiary of the Company,in China, entered into a loan agreement with Wells Fargo. The loan (the “Playa Vista Loan”) was usedan unsecured revolving facility for up to principally fund the costs of development and construction of the new West Coast headquarters of the Company, located in the Playa Vista neighborhood of Los Angeles, California (the “Playa Vista Project”).

In connection with the Playa Vista project, the Playa Vista Loan was fully drawn at200.0 million Renminbi (approximately $30.0 million USD) to fund ongoing working capital requirements. The total amounts drawn and bears interest at a variable rate per annum equal to 2.0% above the30-day LIBOR rate. PV Borrower is required to make monthly payments of combined principal and interest over a10-year term with a lump sum payment at the end of year 10. The Playa Vista Loan is being amortized over 15 years. The Playa Vista Loan will be fully due and payable on October 19, 2025 (the “Maturity Date”) and may be prepaid at any time without premium, but with all accrued interest and other applicable payments.

The Playa Vista Loan is secured by a deed of trust from PV Borrower in favor of Wells Fargo and other documents evidencing and securing the loan (the “Loan Documents”), granting a first lien on and security interest in the Playa Vista property and the Playa Vista Project, including all improvements to be constructed thereon. The Loan Documents include absolute and unconditional payment and completion guarantees provided by the Company, including an environmental indemnity, to Wells Fargo for the performance by PV Borrower of all the terms and provisions of the Playa Vista Loan.

Total amount drawnavailable under the Playa Vista Loan asworking capital loan at September 30, 2017 was $26.2March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were nil and 200.0 million (December 31, 2016 — $27.7 million). Under the Playa Vista Loan, the effective interest rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was 3.26% and 3.06%, respectively (2016 — 2.51% and 2.46%, respectively).Renminbi, respectively.

Letters of Credit and Other Commitments

As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company did not have any letters of credit and advance payment guarantees outstanding (December 31, 20162018 — $nil), under the Credit Facility.

The Company also has a $10.0 million facility for advance payment guarantees and letters of credit through the Bank of Montreal for use solely in conjunction with guarantees fully insured by Export Development Canada (the “Bank of Montreal Facility”). The Bank of Montreal Facility is unsecured and includes typical affirmative and negative covenants, including delivery of annual consolidated financial statements within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year. The Bank of Montreal Facility is subject to periodic annual reviews. TheAs at March 31, 2019, the Company did not have anyhas letters of credit outstanding and advance payment guarantees outstanding as at September 30, 2017of $nil (December 31, 20162018$0.1 million)$nil), under the Bank of Montreal Facility.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company’s principal sources of liquidity included cash and cash equivalents of $157.7$123.1 million, the Credit Facility, anticipated collection from trade accounts receivable of $102.5$93.9 million including receivables from theaters under joint revenue sharing arrangements and DMR agreements with studios, anticipated collection from financing receivables due in the next 12 months of $31.9$29.4 million and payments expected in the next 12 months on existing backlog deals. As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company did not have any amounthad drawn $60.0 million on the Credit Facility (remaining availability of $200.0$240.0 million), and the Company had $26.2 million drawn on the Playa Vista Loan.. There were no letters of credit and advance payment guarantees outstanding under either the Credit Facility or the Bank of Montreal Facility. Cash held outside of North America as at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 was $117.3$102.7 million (December 31, 20162018$117.4$121.9 million), of which $39.3$53.5 million was held in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”)PRC (December 31, 20162018$31.5$54.7 million). The Company’s intent is to permanently reinvest these amounts outside of Canada and the Company does not currently anticipate that it will need funds generated from foreign operations to fund North American operations. In the event funds from foreign operations are needed to fund operations in North America and if withholding taxes have not already been previously provided, the Company would be required to accrue and pay these additional withholding tax amounts on repatriation of funds from China to Canada. The Company currently estimates this amount to be $6.3$9.2 million.

During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company used cash of $47.1$18.5 million. The Company used cash of $57.3$12.5 million to fund capital expenditures, to buildof which $9.7 million was invested in equipment for use in the Company’s joint revenue sharing arrangements with exhibitors. This does not include the $15.2 million which was used to purchase an investment in equity securities of Maoyan. In addition, $2.8 million was used to purchase other intangible assets to invest in new business ventures such as its VR initiatives and to purchase property, plant and equipment. These uses of cash were partially offset by cash provided by operating activities. Based on management’s current operating plan for 2017,2019, the Company expects to continue to use cash to deploy additional theater systems under joint revenue sharing arrangements, to fund DMR agreements with studios, to invest in new business ventures and to potentially make additional share repurchases. Cash flows from joint revenue sharing arrangements are derived from the theaterbox-office and concession revenues and the Company invested directly in the roll out of 604 new theater systems under joint revenue sharing arrangements during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017, ofMarch 31, 2019, which 51 new theater systems were capitalized by the Company.

The Company completed its previously announced $200.0 million share repurchase program in the second quarter ofIn 2017, by repurchasing 1,736,150 common shares at an average price of $26.57 per share. The retired shares were repurchased for $46.1 million.

In June 2017, the Company announced a number of actions aimed at increasing Company value, including the approval by the Company’s Board of Directors ofannounced a new share repurchase program which authorizes the repurchase of up to $200.0 million of its common shares by June 30, 2020. The repurchases may be made either in the open market or through private transactions, subject to market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other relevant factors. The Company has no obligation to repurchase shares and the share repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued by the Company at any time. There were no repurchases ofDuring the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company did not repurchase any common shares under the new share repurchase program during the third quarter.

In addition, the Company has implemented a cost reduction plan with the goal to create annualized cost savings aimed at increasing profitability, operating leverage and free cash flow. The more streamlined cost structure will enable the Company to scale its business with increased efficiency and facilitate operating leverage during both strong and weak periods of gross box office. For more details see notes 13 and note 18 to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1.program.

The Company’s operating cash flow will be adversely affected if management’s projections of future signings for theater systems and film performance, theater installations and film productions are not realized. The Company forecasts its short-term liquidity requirements on a quarterly and annual basis. Since the Company’s future cash flows are based on estimates and there may be factors that are outside of the Company’s control (see “Risk Factors” in Item 1A in the Company’s 20162018Form 10-K), there is no guarantee that the Company will continue to be able to fund its operations through cash flows from operations. Under the terms of the Company’s typical sale and sales-type lease agreement, the Company receives substantial cash payments before the Company completes the performance of its obligations. Similarly, the Company receives cash payments for some of its film productions in advance of related

cash expenditures. Based on the Company’s cash flow from operations and facilities, it expects to have sufficient capital and liquidity to fund its operations in the normal course for the next 12 months.

Operating Activities

The Company’s net cash used in or provided by operating activities is affected by a number of factors, including the proceeds associated with new signings of theater system lease and sale agreements in the year, costs associated with contributing systems under joint revenue sharing arrangements, thebox-office performance of films distributed by the Company and/or released to IMAX theaters, increases or

decreases in the Company’s operating expenses, including research and development and new business initiatives, and the level of cash collections received from its customers.

Cash provided byused in operating activities amounted to $63.4$0.7 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019. Changes in othernon-cash operating assets as compared to December 31, 20162018 include:

 

an increase of $8.6$1.1 million in other assets which primarily reflects a change in commission and other deferred selling expenses;

an increase of $1.0 million in accounts receivable resulting from amounts billedcash receipts in the period partially offset by cash receipts;amounts billed;

 

an increase of $1.3$0.7 million in financingvariable consideration receivables primarily due to ongoing minimum rent payments received offset bythe installation of and recognition of IMAX theater systems under sales or sales-type lease arrangements;arrangements offset by amounts recognized in the period;

 

a decrease

an increase of $4.5$0.5 million in prepaid expenses due to advance payments related to employee benefits; and

an increase of $0.1 million in inventories as the amounts relieved from inventory for systems recognized and service parts used exceeded thebuild-up of inventory for future IMAX theater system installations under sales or sales-type lease arrangements;arrangements exceeded amounts relieved from inventory for systems recognized and service parts used; offset by

 

an increase

a decrease of $3.6$1.6 million in prepaid expensesfinancing receivables primarily due to timing;ongoing minimum rent payments received, offset by the installation and

an increase recognition of $0.3 million in other assets which reflects a change in insurance recoveries.IMAX theater systems under sales or sales-type lease arrangements offset by ongoing minimum rent payments received;

Changes in other operating liabilities as compared to December 31, 20162018 include: an increasea decrease of $15.2 million in accrued liabilities primarily due to timing of payments and accruals; a decrease in accounts payable of $9.7 million due to timing of payments; and a decrease in deferred revenue of $30.4$0.4 million related to backlog payments received in the current period, offset by amounts relieved from deferred revenue related to theater system installations; a decrease in accounts payable of $1.8 million; and a decrease of $8.1 million in accrued liabilities primarily due to a decrease in income taxes payable and bonus payable as the prior year accruals were paidinstallations, offset by backlog payments received in the current period.

Investing Activities

Capital expenditures, including the Company’s investment in joint revenue sharing equipment, purchase of property, plant and equipment, other intangible assets and investments in film assets were $86.5$16.2 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 as compared to $52.7$18.2 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016.March 31, 2018. The Company expects its investment in capital expenditures to remain fairly consistent as the nature of these cash outlays in particular, joint revenue sharing arrangements and film assets, exist to strengthen operational performances.

Net cash used in investing activities amounted to $57.3$27.6 million in ninethe three months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, which includes an investment in joint revenue sharing equipment of $9.7 million, purchases of $16.4$2.2 million in property, plant and equipment, an investment in joint revenue sharing equipment of $35.5 million, an investment in new business ventures of $1.5 million and an investment in other intangible assets of $3.9$0.6 million, primarily related to expanding the functionalityand IMAX China (Hong Kong), Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company’s enterprise resource planning system.IMAX China purchased equity securities in Maoyan for $15.2 million.

Financing Activities

Net cash used inprovided by financing activities in the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 amounted to $53.2$9.6 million as compared to net cash used in financing activities of $106.3$16.6 million in the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016. March 31, 2018.

In the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company borrowed $35.0 million from the Company’s Credit Facility, which was offset by repayments made of $15.0 million.

In addition, the Company paid $46.1 million for the repurchase of common shares under the Company’s share repurchase program and $19.8$9.2 million to purchase treasury stock for the settlement of restricted share units and options. In addition,options, $1.8 million for the Company also made repaymentsrepurchase of $1.5 millioncommon shares under the Playa Vista Loan.IMAX China share repurchase program and $0.2 million of taxes were withheld and paid on vested employee stock option awards. These cash outlays were offset by $14.4$0.8 million received from the issuance of common shares resulting from stock option exercises and a $0.2 million of taxes withheld and paid on vested employee stock awards.exercises.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

Payments to be made by the Company under contractual obligations as of September 30, 2017at March 31, 2019 are as follows:

 

  Payments Due by Period   Payments Due by Period 
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars)  Total
Obligation
   1 year   > 1 - 3 years   >  3 - 5 years   Thereafter   Total   1 Year   > 1 - 3 years   > 3 - 5 years   Thereafter 

Purchase obligations(1)

  $30,123   $23,003   $5,920   $1,200   $—     $42,018   $40,371   $1,647   $—     $—   

Pension obligations(2)

   21,115    —      —      21,115    —      18,831    —      18,831    —      —   

Operating lease obligations(3)

   26,129    2,181    8,848    2,904    12,196    22,393    3,646    7,276    3,470    8,001 

Playa Vista Loan(4)

   26,167    500    4,000    4,000    17,667 

Credit Facility(4)

   60,000    —      —      60,000    —   

Postretirement benefits obligations

   5,453    586    1,639    978    2,250    2,123    117    261    257    1,488 

Other financial commitments(5)

   15,073    12,400    2,673    —      —   
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
  $124,060   $38,670   $23,080   $30,197   $32,113   $145,365   $44,134   $28,015   $63,727   $9,489 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

The Company’s total payments to be made under binding commitments with suppliers and outstanding payments to be made for supplies ordered but yet to be invoiced.

(2)

The SERP assumptions are that Mr. Gelfond will receive a lump sum payment six months after retirement at the end of the current term of his employment agreement (December 31, 2019), although Mr. Gelfond has not informed the Company that he intends to retire at that time.

(3)

The Company’s total minimum annual rental payments to be made under operating leases, mostly consisting of rent at the Company’s property in New York and at the various owned and operated theaters.

(4)The Playa Vista Loan is fully due and payable on October 19, 2025.

The Company is not required to make monthlyany minimum payments of combined principal and interest.

(5)Other financial commitments include the Company’s total minimum commitment toward the development, production, post-production and marketing, related to certain film and new content initiatives.on its Credit Facility, which matures on June 28, 2023.

Pension and Postretirement Obligations

The Company has an unfunded defined benefit pension plan, the SERP, covering Mr. Gelfond. As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company had an unfunded and accrued projected benefit obligation of approximately $19.9$18.1 million (December 31, 20162018 — $19.6$18.0 million) in respect of the SERP.

Pursuant to an employment agreement dated November 8, 2016, the term of Mr. Gelfond’s employment was extended through December 31, 2019, although Mr. Gelfond has not informed the Company that he intends to retire at that time. Under the terms of the arrangement, no compensation earned beginning in 2011 is to be included in calculating his entitlement under the SERP.

The Company has a postretirement plan to provide health and welfare benefits to Canadian employees meeting certain eligibility requirements. As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company had an unfunded benefit obligation of $2.3$1.5 million (December 31, 20162018 — $1.7$1.5 million).

In July 2000, the Company agreed to maintain health benefits for Messrs. Gelfond and Bradley J. Wechsler, the Company’s formerCo-CEO and current Chairman of its Board of Directors, upon retirement. As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company had an unfunded benefit obligation of $0.7$0.6 million (December 31, 20162018 — $0.6 million).

In September 2016, theThe Company entered intomaintained a new employment agreement withnonqualified deferred compensation benefit plan (the “Retirement Plan”) covering Greg Foster, former CEO of IMAX Entertainment and Senior Executive Vice President of the Company, which provides for an employment term from July 2, 2016 through July 2, 2019.Company. Under the agreement, the Company agreed to create a deferred compensation retirement plan (the “Retirement Plan”) covering Mr. Foster, and to make a total contributionterms of $3.2 million over the three-year employment term. Thehis Retirement Plan is subject to a vesting schedule based on continued employment with the Company, such that 25%the Retirement Plan will vest July 2019; 50% will vest July 2022; 75% will vest July 2025; andin full if Mr. Foster will be 100%incurs a separation of service (as defined therein). In the fourth quarter of 2018, Mr. Foster incurred a separation from service, and as such, his Retirement Plan benefits became fully vested as at December 31, 2018 and the accelerated costs were recognized and reflected in July 2027.the executive transition costs line on the consolidated statement of operations. As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company had an unfundeda funded benefit obligation recorded of $0.8$3.6 million (December 31, 20162018$0.5unfunded benefit obligation of $3.6 million).

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

There are currently nooff-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on the Company’s financial condition.

 

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Factors about Market Risk

The Company is exposed to market risk from foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, which could affect operating results, financial position and cash flows. Market risk is the potential change in an instrument’s value caused by, for example, fluctuations in interest and currency exchange rates. The Company’s primary market risk exposure is the risk of unfavorable movements in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar, the Canadian dollar and the Chinese Yuan Renminbi. The Company does not use financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes.

Foreign Exchange Rate Risk

A majority of the Company’s revenue is denominated in U.S. dollars while a significant portion of its costs and expenses is denominated in Canadian dollars. A portion of the Company’s net U.S. dollar cash flows is converted to Canadian dollars to fund Canadian dollar expenses through the spot market. In addition, IMAX films generate box office in 7581 different countries, and therefore unfavorable exchange rates between applicable local currencies and the U.S. dollar could have an impact on the Company’s reported gross box office and revenues. The Company has incoming cash flows from its revenue generating theaters and ongoing operating expenses in China through its majority-owned subsidiary IMAX Shanghai(Shanghai) Multimedia Technology Co., Ltd. In Japan, the Company has ongoingYen-denominated operating expenses related to its Japanese operations. Net Renminbi and Japanese Yen cash flows are converted to U.S. dollars through the spot market. The Company also has cash receipts under leases denominated in Renminbi, Japanese Yen, Euros and Canadian dollars.

The Company manages its exposure to foreign exchange rate risks through the Company’s regular operating and financing activities and, when appropriate, through the use of derivative financial instruments. These derivative financial instruments are utilized to hedge economic exposures as well as reduce earnings and cash flow volatility resulting from shifts in market rates.

TheCertain of the Company’s subsidiaries IMAX (Shanghai) Multimedia Technology Co., Ltd. and IMAX (Shanghai) Theatre Technology Services Co. Ltd., held approximately 261.0360.0 million Renminbi ($39.353.5 million U.SU.S. dollars) in cash and cash equivalents in the PRC as at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 (December 31, 20162018 — 218.2375.7 million Renminbi or $31.5$54.7 million U.S. dollars) and are required to transact locally in Renminbi. Foreign currency exchange transactions, including the remittance of any funds into and out of the PRC, are subject to controls and require the approval of the China State AdministrativeAdministration of Foreign Exchange to complete. Any developments relating to the Chinese economy and any actions taken by the China government are beyond the control of the Company,Company; however, the Company monitors and manages its capital and liquidity requirements to ensure compliance with local regulatory and policy requirements.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company recorded a foreign exchange gainnet loss of $0.5 million and a gain of $0.7$0.2 million as compared to a foreign exchange loss of $0.2 million and anet loss of $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2018, associated with the translation of foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities.

The Company entered into a series of foreign currency forward contracts to manage the Company’s risks associated with the volatility of foreign currencies. The forward contracts have settlement dates throughout 2017, 20182019 and 2019.2020. Foreign currency derivatives are recognized and measured in the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in the fair value (gains or losses) are recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations except for derivatives designated and qualifying as foreign currency cash flow hedging instruments. All foreign currency forward contracts held by the Company as at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, are designated and qualify as foreign currency cash flow hedging instruments. The Company currently has cash flow hedging instruments associated with selling, general and administrative expenses and capital expenditures. For foreign currency cash flow hedging instruments related to selling, general and administrative expenses, the effective portion of the gain or loss in a hedge of a forecasted transaction is reported in other comprehensive income and reclassified to the condensed consolidated statements of operations when the forecasted transaction occurs. Any ineffectiveFor foreign currency cash flow hedging instruments related to capital expenditures, the effective portion of the gain or loss in a hedge of a forecasted transaction is recognized immediatelyreported in other comprehensive income and reclassified to property, plant and equipment on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.balance sheet when the forecasted transaction occurs. The notional value of foreign currency cash flow hedging instruments at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 was $35.1$43.9 million (December 31, 20162018$37.8$50.8 million). A gain of $1.4 million and $2.5$0.1 million was recorded to Other Comprehensive Income with respect to the change in fair value of these contracts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively (2016March 31, 2019 (2018 — loss of $0.3 million and a gain of $1.9 million, respectively)$1.0 million). A gainloss of $0.7 million and $0.5$0.3 million was reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income to selling, general and administrative expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 (2016March 31, 2019

(2018 — lossgain of $0.6 million and a loss of $2.6 million, respectively)$0.2 million). The Company’s estimated net amount of the existing gainslosses as at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 is $1.1$0.9 million, which is expected to be reclassified to earnings within the next twelve months. Appreciation or

depreciation on forward contracts not meeting the requirements for hedge accounting in the Derivatives and Hedging Topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification are recorded to selling, general and administrative expenses.

For all derivative instruments, the Company is subject to counterparty credit risk to the extent that the counterparty may not meet its obligations to the Company. To manage this risk, the Company enters into derivative transactions only with major financial institutions.

At September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company’s financing receivables and working capital items denominated in Canadian dollars, Renminbi, Yen and Euros translated into U.S. dollars was $102.4$100.5 million. Assuming a 10% appreciation or depreciation in foreign currency exchange rates from the quoted foreign currency exchange rates at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the potential change in the fair value of foreign currency-denominated financing receivables and working capital items would have been $10.2$10.0 million. A significant portion of the Company’s selling, general, and administrative expenses is denominated in Canadian dollars. Assuming a 1% change appreciation or depreciation in foreign currency exchange rates at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the potential change in the amount of selling, general, and administrative expenses would be less than $0.1 million for every $10.0 million in Canadian denominated expenditures.million.

Interest Rate Risk Management

The Company’s earnings are also affected by changes in interest rates due to the impact those changes have on its interest income from cash, and its interest expense from variable-rate borrowings under the Credit Facility.

As at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the Company had not drawn down $60.0 million on its Credit Facility (December 31, 20162018 — $nil).

As at September 30, 2017, the Company had drawn down $26.2 million on its Playa Vista Loan (December 31, 2016 — $27.7$40.0 million).

The Company’s largest exposure with respect to variable rate debt comes from changes in the LIBOR. The Company had variable rate debt instruments representing 10.3%21.0% and 12.0%14.6% of its total liabilities as at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, respectively. If the interest rates available to the Company increased by 10%, the Company’s interest expense would increase by approximately less than $0.1 million and interest income from cash would increase by approximately $0.1 million. These amounts are determined by considering the impact of the hypothetical interest rates on the Company’s variable rate debt and cash balances at September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019.

 

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the specified time periods and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the CEO and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), to allow timely discussions regarding required disclosure. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.

The Company’s management, with the participation of its CEO and its CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934Rules 13a-15(e) or15d-15(e)) as at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and has concluded that, as ofat the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective. The Company will continue to periodically evaluate its disclosure controls and procedures and will make modifications from time to time as deemed necessary to ensure that information is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting which occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

See note 97 to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 for information regarding legal proceedings involving the Company.

 

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

This Form10-Q should be read together with the Item 1A. Risk Factors in the Company’s Annual Report on2018 Form10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2016, which describes various risks and uncertainties to which the Company is or may become subject, and is supplemented by the discussion below.subject. The risks described below and in the Company’s 20162018 Form10-K are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Company or that the Company currently deems to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect its business, financial condition and/or operating results.

The Company may not fully realize

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

In 2017, the projected cost savings and benefits from its restructuring initiative.

The Company recently implementedCompany’s Board of Directors approved a cost reduction plan that includes staff reductions and the consolidation of certain leased facilities. As part of its cost reduction plan, the Company eliminated approximately 100 full-time positions, including positions at IMAX China Holding, Inc., equal to roughly 14%new $200.0 million share repurchase program for shares of the Company’s full-time global workforce. Althoughcommon stock. The share repurchase program expires on June 30, 2020. The repurchases may be made either in the open market or through private transactions, subject to market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other relevant factors. The Company has no obligation to repurchase shares and the share repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued by the Company expectsat any time. The Company did not repurchase any shares during the restructuring planthree months ended March 31, 2019, and has $128.6 million available under its approved repurchase program.

In 2018, IMAX China announced that its shareholders granted its Board of Directors a general mandate authorizing the Board, subject to resultapplicable laws, to buy back shares of IMAX China in cost savings aimedan amount not to exceed 10% of the total number of issued shares of IMAX China as at increasing profitability, operating leverageMay 3, 2018 (35,818,112 shares). The share purchase program expires on the date of the 2019 annual general meeting of IMAX China. The repurchases may be made in the open market or through other means permitted by applicable laws. IMAX China has no obligation to repurchase its shares and free cash flow, there canthe share repurchase program may be no assurances that these benefits will be realized. Ifsuspended or discontinued by IMAX China at any time. In the three months ended March 31, 2019, IMAX China repurchased 709,800 common shares at an average price of HKD 19.47 per share (U.S. $2.48).

The total number of shares purchased during the three months ended March 31, 2019, under both the Company and IMAX China’s repurchase plans, does not achieve projected savings as a resultinclude any shares received in the administration of these initiatives, or incurs higher than expected or unanticipated costs in implementing these initiatives, its business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely impacted.employee share-based compensation plans.

 

Item 5.

Other Information

In the first quarter of 2019, the Company made certain changes to its executive officers. Don Savant, our former President of Worldwide Sales and Exhibitor Relations and Executive Vice President of the Company, left the Company on January 31, 2019 at the end of the term of his employment agreement. In addition, Greg Foster, our former Chief Executive Officer of IMAX Entertainment and Senior Executive Vice President transitioned out of these roles as of December 31, 2018 and is continuing to provide services to the Company as an employee from January 1, 2019 through July 3, 2019 to assist the Company in transitioning his duties. For this period, Mr. Foster will receive compensation of $0.3 million and continued healthcare coverage and vesting of options (which may be exercised until January 3, 2020), and will remain eligible for the compensation and benefits provided under his prior employment agreement due to itsnon-renewal. Mr. Foster’s professional services are exclusive to the Company from January 1, 2019 through July 3, 2019 and he remains subject to his Employee Confidentiality,Non-Competition and Intellectual Property Agreement with the Company.

Item 6.

Exhibits

 

Exhibit

No.

  

Description

10.4310.40  Amendment No. 1 to Nonqualified Retirement PlanLetter of Agreement, dated September 27, 2017, between IMAX Corporation and Greg Foster.
10.44Split-Dollar Agreement, dated July 1, 2017,December 7, 2018, between IMAX Corporation and Greg Foster.
31.1  Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes — OxleySarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated OctoberApril 26, 2017,2019, by Richard L. Gelfond.
31.2  Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes — OxleySarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated OctoberApril 26, 2017,2019, by Patrick McClymont.
32.1  Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes — OxleySarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated OctoberApril 26, 2017,2019, by Richard L. Gelfond.
32.2  Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes — OxleySarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated OctoberApril 26, 2017,2019, by Patrick McClymont.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

  IMAX CORPORATION

Date: OctoberApril 26, 20172019

  By: 

/s/ PATRICK MCCLYMONT

   Patrick McClymont
   Executive Vice-President & Chief Financial Officer
   (Principal Financial Officer)

Date: OctoberApril 26, 20172019

  By: 

/s/ JEFFREY VANCE

   Jeffrey Vance
   Senior Vice-President, Finance & Controller
   (Principal Accounting Officer)

 

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