UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒      Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended February 28, 20172018

☐      Transition report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from ______________ to ________________

Commission File Number:               0-8656

TSR, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

400 Oser Avenue, Hauppauge, NY 11788

(Address of principal executive offices)

631-231-0333

(Registrant’s telephone number)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes   ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes   ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitionthe definitions of “large accelerated filer”,filer,” “accelerated filer”filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “smaller reporting“emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes    ☒ No

As of March 31, 2017,2018, there were 1,962,062 shares of common stock, par value $.01 per share, issued and outstanding.

TSR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX

Part I. Financial Information

            Item 1. Financial Statements

TSR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

TSR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

For The Three and Nine Months Ended February 28, 2017 and February 29, 2016

(UNAUDITED)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

TSR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

For The Nine Months Ended February 28, 2017 and February 29, 2016

(UNAUDITED)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

TSR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSOPERATIONS

For The Three Months and Nine Months Ended February 28, 20172018 and February 29, 20162017

(UNAUDITED)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

TSR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

For The Nine Months Ended February 28, 2018 and 2017

(UNAUDITED)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

TSR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For The Nine Months Ended February 28, 2018 and 2017

(UNAUDITED)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

TSR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

February 28, 20172018

(Unaudited)

The accompanying condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of TSR, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”). All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The condensed balance sheet as of May 31, 2016,2017, which has been derived from audited financial statements, and the unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America applying to interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and normally included in the Company’s annual financial statements have been condensed or omitted. These condensed consolidated interim financial statements as of and for the three months and nine months ended February 28, 20172018 are unaudited; however, in the opinion of management, such statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company for the periods presented. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that might be expected for future interim periods or for the full year ending May 31, 2017.2018. These condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2016.2017.

Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders of TSR, Inc. by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. The Company had no stock options or other common stock equivalents outstanding during any of the periods presented.

The Company considers short-term highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents were comprised of the following as of February 28, 20172018 and May 31, 2016:2017:

The Company’s contract computer programming services are generally provided under time and materials arrangements with its customers. Revenue is recognized in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition,” when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the services have been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. These conditions occur when a customer agreement is effected and the consultant performs the authorized services. Revenue is recorded net of all discounts and processing fees. Advances from customers represent amounts received from customers prior to the Company’s provision of the related services and credit balances from overpayments.

Reimbursements received by the Company for out-of-pocket expenses are characterized as revenue.

TSR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

February 28, 20172018

(Unaudited)

The Company has characterized its investments in certificates of deposit and marketable securities, based on the priority of the inputs used to value the investments, into a three-level fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1), and lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). If the inputs used to measure the investments fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the instrument.

Investments recorded in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets are categorized based on the inputs to valuation techniques as follows:

Level 1- These are investments where values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in an active market the Company has the ability to access.

Level 2- These are investments where values are based on quoted market prices that are not active or model derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets.

Level 3- These are investments where values are derived from techniques in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable.

The following are the major categories of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of February 28, 20172018 and May 31, 20162017 using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1), significant other observable inputs (Level 2) and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

TSR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

February 28, 20172018

(Unaudited)

Based upon the Company’s intent and ability to hold its certificates of deposit to maturity (which maturities range up to twelve months at purchase), such securities have been classified as held-to-maturity and are carried at amortized cost, which approximates market value. The Company’s equity securities are classified as trading securities, which are carried at fair value, as determined by quoted market prices, which is a Level 1 input, as established by the fair value hierarchy. The related unrealized gains and losses are included in earnings. The Company’s certificates of deposit and marketable securities at February 28, 20172018 and May 31, 20162017 are summarized as follows:

The Company’s investments in marketable securities consist primarily of investments in certificates of deposit and equity securities. Market values were determined for each individual security in the investment portfolio. When evaluating the investments for other-than-temporary impairment, the Company reviews factors such as length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer, and the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time, which may be sufficient for anticipated recovery in market values.

ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments,” requires disclosure of the fair value of certain financial instruments. For cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts and other payables, accrued liabilities and advances from customers, the amounts presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements approximate fair value because of the short-term maturities of these instruments.

On May 25, 2017, the Company declared a special cash dividend of $1.00 per common share payable on July 14, 2017 to shareholders of record on June 16, 2017. This dividend totaled $1,962,062. The Company has no current plans to implement a quarterly dividend program or pay any other special cash dividend.

Joseph F. Hughes, Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President and Treasurer, retired on July 5, 2017. The Board of Directors of the Company elected Christopher Hughes, formerly Senior Vice President of TSR, Inc., to succeed Joseph F. Hughes as Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President and Treasurer. Upon his retirement, the Board awarded Joseph F. Hughes a one-time founder’s bonus of $100,000. The Board also approved the continued payment by the Company of the remaining payments under the lease for the automobile used by Joseph F. Hughes until the lease expires in May 2018. Further, the Board approved the continued payment by the Company for health insurance coverage for Joseph F. Hughes and his spouse under the Company’s executive medical plan until May 31, 2018 and payments in lieu of the insurance coverage for two years thereafter. The total amount of these retirement benefits were accrued in the quarter ended August 31, 2017, resulting in charges amounting to approximately $180,000 which were included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended February 28, 2018.

TSR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

February 28, 20172018

(Unaudited)

DuringIn November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes,” which applies to the classification of deferred tax assets and liabilities. The update eliminates the requirement to classify deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent or current within a classified statement of financial position. The Company adopted ASU 2015-17 in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 on a prospective basis. Accordingly, the Company has classified any deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent beginning with the first quarter of fiscal 2018.

In the third quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company revised its estimated annual effective income tax rate to reflect a change in the federal statutory corporate income tax rate from 34% to 21%, resulting from legislation that was enacted on December 22, 2017. The rate change is administratively effective at the beginning of our fiscal year 2018, using a blended rate for the annual period. As a result, the blended statutory rate for the fiscal year ending May 31, 2018 is 28.62%.

In addition, the Company was required in the current period to recognize the change related to adjusting the deferred tax asset to reflect the new corporate tax rate. As a result, income tax expense reported for the nine months ended February 28, 20172018 was adjusted to reflect the effects of the change in the tax law and resulting in a decrease in income tax expense of $9,000 during the third quarter. This amount comprises a reduction of $32,000 in income tax expense for the nine month period ended February 29, 2016,28, 2018 related to the lower corporate rate and a charge of $23,000 from the application of the newly enacted reduced rates to the existing net deferred tax asset balances.

In the third quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company diddiscovered it had not purchase any sharesfiled required information returns related to a foreign bank account opened by a subsidiary in fiscal 2016 with contributions totaling approximately $25,000. The Company has accrued an expense of its common stock. As$30,000 with a charge to selling, general and administrative expenses for potential penalties that may be assessed. The Company will monitor this reserve periodically to determine if it is more-likely–than–not that penalties will be assessed. Changes to the reserve may occur due to changes in judgment, abatement, negotiation or expiration of April 7, 2016, the previously announced repurchase plan was terminated with 56,318 shares remaining available for purchase.statute of limitations on the returns.

From time to time, the Company is party to various lawsuits, some involving material amounts. Management is not aware of any lawsuits that would have a material adverse impact on the consolidated financial position of the Company.

In May 2014, the FASB issued an update to ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” This update to ASC 606 provides a five-step process to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle of the guidance is that a company should recognize revenue upon transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the expected consideration to be received in exchange for those goods or services. This update to ASC 606 will also result in enhanced disclosures about revenue, providing guidance for transactions that were not previously addressed comprehensively, and improving guidance for multiple-element arrangements. This update to ASC 606 is effective for the Company in the fiscal year ending May 31, 2018.2019. The Company expects the impact of the update, if any, to be immaterial on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes,” which applies to the classification of deferred tax assets and liabilities. The update eliminates the requirement to classify deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent or current within a classified statement of financial position. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and for interim periods within those annual periods. This ASU should be applied prospectively with early adoption permitted at the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company will classify any deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent beginning with the first quarter of fiscal 2018.

TSR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

February 28, 2018

(Unaudited)

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments – Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” The amendments in this update require all equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income. The amendments in this update also require an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments. In addition, the amendments in this update eliminate the requirement to disclose the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost for entities that are not public business entities and the requirement to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet for public business entities. This update is effective for the Company in the fiscal year ending May 31, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, of this update on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” This update includes a lease accounting model that recognizes two types of leases – finance leases and operating leases. The standard requires that a lessee recognize on the balance sheet assets and liabilities relating to leases with terms of more than 12 months. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee will depend on its classification as a finance or operating lease. This update is effective for the Company in the fiscal year ending May 31, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, of this update on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, “Principal versus Agent Consideration (Topic 606).” This update contains guidance on principal versus agent assessments when a third party is involved in providing goods or services to a customer. It specifies that an entity is a principal, and thus records revenue on a gross basis, if it controls a good or service before transferring the good or service to the customer. An entity is an agent, and thus records revenue on a net basis, if it arranges for a good or service to be provided by another entity. This update is effective for the Company in the fiscal year ending May 31, 2019. The Company is currently evaluatingexpects the impact of the update, if any, of this updateto be immaterial on its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, “Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients (Topic 606).” This update provides certain clarifications to reduce potential diversity and to simplify the standard. The amendments in ASU 2016-12 clarify the following key areas: assessing collectibilty; presenting sales taxes and other similar taxes collected from customers; noncash consideration; contract modifications at transition; completed contracts at transition; and disclosing the accounting change in the period of adoption. This update is effective for the Company in the fiscal year ending May 31, 2019. The Company is currently evaluatingexpects the impact of the update, if any, of this updateto be immaterial on its consolidated financial statements.

TSR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Part I. Financial Information

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes to such financial statements.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements contained in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, including statements concerning the Company’s plans, future prospects and the Company’s future cash flow requirements are forward-looking statements, as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results may differ materially from those projections in the forward-looking statements due to known and unknown risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to the following: the success of the Company’s plan for internal growth; the impact of adverse economic conditions on client spending which has a negative impact on the Company’s business; risks relating to the competitive nature of the markets for contract computer programming services; the extent to which market conditions for the Company’s contract computer programming services will continue to adversely affect the Company’s business; the concentration of the Company’s business with certain customers; uncertainty as to the Company’s ability to maintain its relations with existing customers and expand its contract computer consulting services business; the impact of changes in the industry, such as the use of vendor management companies in connection with the consultant procurement process; the increase in customers moving IT operations offshore; the Company’s ability to adapt to changing market conditions; and other risks and uncertainties set forth in the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company is under no obligation to publicly update or revise forward-looking statements.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain financial information derived from the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. There can be no assurance that trends in operating results will continue in the future:

Three months ended February 28, 20172018 compared with three months ended February 29, 201628, 2017

TSR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Revenue

Revenue consists primarily of revenue from computer programming consulting services. Revenue for the quarter ended February 28, 2017 increased $315,0002018 decreased $332,000 or 2.1%2.2% from the prior year quarter. The current quarter was impacted by heavier than usual furloughing of consultants around the holidays and other customer budget reductions. The overall average number of consultants on billing with customers increaseddecreased from 357 for the quarter ended February 29, 2016 to 394 for the quarter ended February 28, 2017 to 370 for the quarter ended February 28, 2018, while the average number of computer programming consultants decreased from 357328 for the quarter ended February 29, 201628, 2017 to 328324 in the quarter ended February 28, 2017.2018. The 394370 consultants on billing for the current quarter include 6646 administrative (non-IT) workers that the Company placed with two large customersat the customers’ requests at billing rates 69.1% lower than those charged for computer programming consultants. The 394 consultants on billing for the prior year quarter include 66 administrative (non-IT) workers at billing rates 70.1% lower than those charged for computer programming consultants. The Company did not make any placements of administrative workers in the prior year quarter. The Company made these placements of administrative workers in the current quarter at the customers’ specific requests. The Company charges lower daily billing rates for administrative (non-IT) workers, but also pays lower rates to the administrative (non-IT) workers. The Company has not yet determined whether it will provide administrative placements on a more widespread basis in the future.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales for the quarter ended February 28, 2017 increased $218,0002018 decreased $216,000 or 1.7% to $12,988,000$12,772,000 from $12,770,000$12,988,000 in the prior year quarter.period. The increasedecrease in cost of sales resulted primarily from an increasea decrease in consultants placed with customers. The placement of lower paid administrative workers at two major customers offset the reduction in the average number of computer programming consultants placed with customers. Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue decreasedincreased from 84.7% in the quarter ended February 29, 2016 to 84.4% in the quarter ended February 28, 2017.2017 to 84.8% in the quarter ended February 28, 2018. The decreaseincrease in cost of sales as a percentage of revenue was primarily attributable to a decrease in margins on the placement of administrative (non-IT) workers. While administrative (non-IT) workers continue to be placed at higher average markupsmark-ups than the Company’s computer programming consultants. However, becauseconsultants, the mark-ups for the current quarter for this group were less than the mark-ups for last year’s quarter. Because their pay rates averaged 73.1%71.3% lower than the computer programming consultants, the daily gross profit per worker in dollars is still lower for the administrative (non-IT) workers than the computer programming consultants.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of expenses relating to account executives, technical recruiters, facilities costs, management and corporate overhead. These expenses increased $202,000decreased approximately $197,000 or 8.7%7.8% from $2,319,000 in the quarter ended February 29, 2016 toapproximately $2,521,000 in the quarter ended February 28, 2017.2017 to $2,324,000 in the quarter ended February 28, 2018. The increasedecrease in these expenses primarily resulted from the retirement of the former Chairman offset by increased hiring additional recruitersfees and increases in other related expenses to support the administrative placement opportunities.increased offshore recruiting expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of revenue, increaseddecreased from 15.4% in the quarter ended February 29, 2016 to 16.4% in the quarter ended February 28, 2017 to 15.4% in the quarter ended February 28, 2018 as a result of the additional recruiters hired.decrease in these expenses.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income for the quarter ended February 28, 2018 resulted primarily from interest and dividend income of $3,000 and a mark to market gain of $4,000 on the Company’s equity securities. Other income for the quarter ended February 28, 2017 resulted primarily from interest and dividend income of $3,000 and a mark to market gain of $1,000 on the Company’s equity securities. Other expense for the quarter ended February 29, 2016 resulted primarily from a mark to market loss of $4,000 on the Company’s equity securities and interest and dividend income of $2,000.

Income Taxes

The income tax benefit included in the Company’s results of operations for the quarters ended February 28, 2018 and 2017 and February 29, 2016 reflectreflects the Company’s estimated effective tax rate for the years ending May 31, 2018 and 2017, and 2016, respectively. TheseThe rate for fiscal 2018 is impacted by the effects of the new lower federal corporate tax rates were (50.4)%effective January 1, 2018. The current tax provision for fiscal 2018 includes a blended federal rate of 28.62%. However, the benefit of this lower rate is limited by the devaluation of the Company’s deferred tax asset. The benefit of the deferred tax asset for fiscal years going forward will be limited to 21.0% for federal tax purposes. The effective tax rate for the quarter ended February 28, 20172018 resulted in a benefit of 74.2% and (43.8)%a benefit of 50.4% for the quarter ended February 29, 2016.28, 2017.

Net Loss Attributable to TSR, Inc.

Net loss attributable to TSR, Inc. increased $44,000 from $24,000was $19,000 in the quarter ended February 29, 201628, 2018 as compared to a net loss attributable to TSR, Inc. of $68,000 in the quarter ended February 28, 2017. This increaseimprovement was primarily attributable to an increasea decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses primarily related to the placement of administrative workers.expenses.

TSR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Nine months ended February 28, 20172018 compared with nine months ended February 29, 201628, 2017

Revenue

Revenue consists primarily of revenue from computer programming consulting services. Revenue for the nine months ended February 28, 20172018 increased $180,000$2,935,000 or 6.4% from the prior year period. The overall average number of consultants on billing with customers increased from 351 for the nine months ended February 29, 2016 to 374 for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 to 385 for the nine months ended February 28, 2018, while the average number of computer programming consultants decreasedincreased from 351324 for the nine months ended February 29, 201628, 2017 to 324337 in the nine months ended February 28, 2017.2018. The 385 consultants on billing for the current nine months include 48 administrative (non-IT) workers that the Company placed at the customers’ requests at billing rates 70.0% lower than those charged for computer programming consultants. The 374 consultants on billing for the currentprior year nine month periodmonths include 50 administrative (non-IT) workers that the Company placed with two large customers at billing rates 66.7% lower than those charged for computer programming consultants. The Company did not make any placements of administrative workers in the prior year period. The Company made these placements of administrative workers in the current period at the customers’ specific requests. The Company charges lower daily billing rates for administrative (non-IT) workers, but also pays lower rates to the administrative (non-IT) workers. The Company has not yet determined whether it will provide administrative placements on a more widespread basis in the future.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 decreased $83,0002018 increased $2,678,000 or 0.2%7.0% to $38,082,000$40,760,000 from $38,165,000$38,082,000 in the prior year period. The decreaseincrease in cost of sales resulted primarily from a reduction of computer programmingan increase in consultants placed with customers, offset by the placement of lower paid administrative workers at two major customers. Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue decreasedincreased from 83.9% in the nine months ended February 29, 2016 to 83.4% in the nine months ended February 28, 2017.2017 to 83.8% in the nine months ended February 28, 2018. The decreaseincrease in cost of sales as a percentage of revenue was primarily attributable to a decrease in margins on the placement of administrative (non-IT) workers. While administrative (non-IT) workers continue to be placed at higher average markupsmark-ups than the Company’s computer programming consultants. However, becauseconsultants, the mark-ups for the current nine months for this group were less than the mark-ups for last year’s period. Because their pay rates averaged 70.7%72.0% lower than the computer programming consultants, the daily gross profit per worker in dollars is still lower for the administrative (non-IT) workers than the computer programming consultants.

TSR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of expenses relating to account executives, technical recruiters, facilities costs, management and corporate overhead. These expenses increased $389,000 or 5.7%decreased approximately $1,000 from $6,792,000 in the nine months ended February 29, 2016 toapproximately $7,181,000 in the nine months ended February 28, 2017.2017 to $7,180,000 in the nine months ended February 28, 2018. The increasedecrease in these expenses resulted primarily resulted from hiring additional recruitersthe retirement of the former Chairman offset by increased professional fees and increases in other related expenses to support the administrative placement opportunities.increased offshore recruiting expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of revenue, increaseddecreased from 14.9% in the nine months ended February 29, 2016 to 15.7% in the nine months ended February 28, 2017 to 14.8% in the nine months ended February 28, 2018 as a result of the additional recruiters hired.revenue.

Other Income

Other income for the nine months ended February 28, 2018 resulted primarily from interest and dividend income of $8,000 and a mark to market gain of $11,000 on the Company’s equity securities. Other income for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 resulted primarily from a mark to market gain of $4,000 on the Company’s equity securities and interest and dividend income of $8,000. Other income for the nine months ended February 29, 2016 resulted primarily from interest and dividend income of $6,000 and a mark to market loss of $4,000 on the Company’s equity securities.

Income Taxes

The income tax provision included in the Company’s results of operations for the nine month periodsmonths ended February 28, 2018 and 2017 and February 29, 2016 reflectreflects the Company’s estimated effective tax rate for the years ending May 31, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively. These rates were 41.1% for the nine months ended February 28, 2018 and 44.3% for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 and 50.0%2017. The rate for fiscal 2018 is impacted by the nine months ended February 29, 2016.effects of the new lower federal corporate tax rates effective January 1, 2018. The current tax provision for fiscal 2018 includes a blended federal rate of 28.62%. However, the benefit of this lower rate is mostly offset by the devaluation of the Company’s deferred tax asset. The benefit of the deferred tax asset for fiscal years going forward will be limited to 21.0% for federal tax purposes.

Net Income Attributable to TSR, Inc.

Net income attributable to TSR, Inc. decreased $24,000increased $143,000 from $230,000 in the nine months ended February 29, 2016 to $206,000 in the nine months ended February 28, 2017.2017 to $349,000 in the nine months ended February 28, 2018. This decreaseincrease was primarily attributable to an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses primarily related to the placement of administrative workers.revenue.

TSR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company expects that its cash and cash equivalents, certificates of deposit and marketable securities and cash flow provided by operations will be sufficient to provide the Company with adequate resources to meet its liquidity requirements for at least the next 12 months.months from the issuance of these financial statements. The Company does not maintain a line of credit facility with any banking institution.

At February 28, 2017,2018, the Company had working capital (total current assets in excess of total current liabilities) of $9,545,000$7,963,000 including cash and cash equivalents and certificates of deposit and marketable securities of $6,190,000$4,865,000 as compared to working capital of $9,391,000$7,689,000 including cash and cash equivalents and certificates of deposit and marketable securities of $6,067,000$6,745,000 at May 31, 2016.2017.

For the nine months ended February 28, 2017,2018, net cash provided by operating activities was $186,000$136,000 compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $324,000$186,000 for the nine months ended February 29, 2016.28, 2017. The cash provided by operating activities in the nine months ended February 28, 2018 resulted primarily from consolidated net income of $407,000 and a decrease in accounts receivable of $256,000 offset by a decrease in accounts and other payables and accrued expenses and other liabilities of $520,000. The cash provided by operating activities in the nine months ended February 28, 2017 resulted primarily from consolidated net income of $236,000 and a decrease in accounts receivable of $962,000, offset by a decrease in accounts and other payables and accrued expenses and other liabilities of $700,000, an increase in prepaid expenses of $147,000 and an increase in prepaid and recoverable incomeincomes taxes of $157,000. The

Net cash provided by operatinginvesting activities inof $479,000 for the nine months ended February 29, 201628, 2018 primarily resulted primarily from consolidated net incomenot reinvesting certificates of $270,000 and a decrease in accounts receivable of $203,000 offset by a decrease in advances from customers of $148,000.

deposit. Net cash provided by investing activities of $260,000 for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 primarily resulted from not reinvesting a certificate of deposit until after the end of the period. Net cash used in investing activities of $294,000 for

In the nine months ended February 29, 2016 primarily28, 2018, net cash used in financing activities resulted from investing in additional certificatesthe payment of deposita cash dividend of $285,000$1,962,000 and distribution to the purchasenoncontrolling interest of fixed assets of $9,000.

$44,000. In the nine months ended February 28, 2017, net cash used in financing activities resulted from a distribution to the noncontrolling interest of $61,000, resulting primarily from the distribution of fiscal 2016 earnings from that entity. In the nine months ended February 29, 2016, net cash used in financing activities resulted from a distribution to the noncontrolling interest of $88,000.

The Company’s capital resource commitments at February 28, 20172018 consisted of lease obligations on its branch and corporate facilities. The Company intends to finance these lease commitments from cash flows provided by operations, available cash and short-term marketable securities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued an update to ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” This update to ASC 606 provides a five-step process to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle of the guidance is that a company should recognize revenue upon transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the expected consideration to be received in exchange for those goods or services. This update to ASC 606 will also result in enhanced disclosures about revenue, providing guidance for transactions that were not previously addressed comprehensively, and improving guidance for multiple-element arrangements. This update to ASC 606 is effective for the Company beginning in the fiscal year ending May 31, 2018.2019. The Company expects the impact of the update, if any, to be immaterial on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes,” which applies to the classification of deferred tax assets and liabilities. The update eliminates the requirement to classify deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent or current within a classified statement of financial position. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those annual periods. This ASU should be applied prospectively with early adoption permitted at the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company will classify any deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent beginning with the first quarter of fiscal 2018.

TSR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments – Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” The amendments in this update require all equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income. The amendments in this update also require an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments. In addition, the amendments in this update eliminate the requirement to disclose the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost for entities that are not public business entities and the requirement to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet for public business entities. This update is effective for the Company in the fiscal year ending May 31, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, of this update on its consolidated financial statements.

TSR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” This update includes a lease accounting model that recognizes two types of leases – finance leases and operating leases. The standard requires that a lessee recognize on the balance sheet assets and liabilities relating to leases with terms of more than 12 months. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee will depend on its classification as a finance or operating lease. This update is effective for the Company in the fiscal year ending May 31, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, of this update on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, “Principal versus Agent Consideration (Topic 606).” This update contains guidance on principal versus agent assessments when a third party is involved in providing goods or services to a customer. It specifies that an entity is a principal, and thus records revenue on a gross basis, if it controls a good or service before transferring the good or service to the customer. An entity is an agent, and thus records revenue on a net basis, if it arranges for a good or service to be provided by another entity. This update is effective for the Company in the fiscal year ending May 31, 2019. The Company is currently evaluatingexpects the impact of the update, if any, of this updateto be immaterial on its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, “Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients (Topic 606).” This update provides certain clarifications to reduce potential diversity and to simplify the standard. The amendments in ASU 2016-12 clarify the following key areas: assessing collectibilty; presenting sales taxes and other similar taxes collected from customers; noncash consideration; contract modifications at transition; completed contracts at transition; and disclosing the accounting change in the period of adoption. This update is effective for the Company in the fiscal year ending May 31, 2019.

The Company is currently evaluatingexpects the impact of the update, if any, of this updateto be immaterial on its consolidated financial statements.

Critical Accounting Policies

The Securities and Exchange Commission defines “critical accounting policies” as those that require the application of management’s most difficult subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods.

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements, contained in its May 31, 20162017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company believes that those accounting policies require the application of management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments. There have been no changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies as of February 28, 2017.2018.

Item 4.Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Company conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the principal executive officer and principal accounting officer, of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). Based on this evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal accounting officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the Company’s most recently reported completed fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

TSR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Part II. Other Information

Item 6.Exhibits

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereto duly authorized.

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