See accompanying notes.

Humanigen, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes.

Humanigen, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes.

Humanigen, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ DeficitEquity (Deficit)

(in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes.

Humanigen, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Nature of Operations

Description of the Business

The Company was incorporated on March 15, 2000 in California and reincorporated as a Delaware corporation in September 2001 under the name KaloBios Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Effective August 7, 2017, the Company changed its legal name to Humanigen, Inc.

During February 2018, the Company completed the restructuring transactions announced in December 2017 and furtheredcontinued its transformation into a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company pursuing cutting-edge science to developby further developing its proprietaryclinical stage portfolio of immuno-oncology and immunology monoclonal antibodies to enhance T-cell engaging therapies for various oncology indications, potentially making these treatments safer, more effective and more efficiently administered. The Company has sharpened its focus to develop novel cell therapies leveraging its understanding of a potentially key pathway which includes its antibody and gene-editing assets.antibodies.

The Company is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developingfocusing its portfolioefforts on the development of next-generation cell and gene therapies for the treatment of cancers via its novel, humanlead product candidate, lenzilumab™, its proprietary Humaneered® (“Humaneered”) anti-human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (“GM-CSF”) neutralization and gene knockout platforms. Asmonoclonal antibody. Lenzilumab is a leadermonoclonal antibody that has been demonstrated in animal models to neutralize GM-CSF, pathway science,a cytokine that the Company believes that it hasis of critical importance in the abilityhyperinflammatory cascade, sometimes referred to transformas cytokine release syndrome (“CRS”) or cytokine storm, associated with COVID-19, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (“CAR-T”) therapy and a broad range of other T-cell engaging therapies, including both autologousacute Graft versus Host Disease (“GvHD”) associated with bone marrow transplants. GM-CSF neutralization with lenzilumab has been shown to reduce downstream inflammatory cytokines, prevent CRS and allogeneic cell transplantation. There is a direct correlation between the efficacy of CAR-T therapy and the incidence of life-threateningreduce its associated neurologic toxicities (referred to as the efficacy/toxicity linkage)in-vivo in validated preclinical human xenograft models (Blood. 2019 Feb 14;133(7):697-709).

The Company believes that its GM-CSF neutralization and gene-editing CAR-T platform technologies haveLenzilumab is currently in a phase 3, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled registrational trial for hospitalized, hypoxic patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Based on discussions with the potential to reduce the inflammatory cascade associated with serious and potentially life-threatening CAR-T therapy-related side effects while preserving and potentially improving the efficacy of the CAR-T therapy itself, thereby breaking the efficacy/toxicity linkage. Clinical correlative analysis and pre-clinicalin-vivo evidence points to GM-CSF as the key initiator of the inflammatory cascade resulting in CAR-T therapy’s side-effects. GM-CSF has also been linked to the suppressive myeloid cell axis through recruitment of myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC’s”) that reduce CAR-T cell expansion and hamper CAR-T cell efficacy. The Company’s strategy is to continue to pioneer the use of GM-CSF neutralization and GM-CSF gene knockout technologies to improve efficacy and prevent or significantly reduce the serious side-effects associated with CAR-T therapy.

The Company believes that its GM-CSF pathway science, assets and expertise create two technology platforms to assist in the development of next-generation CAR-T therapies. Lenzilumab, the Company’s proprietary Humaneered® anti-GM-CSF immunotherapy, has the potential to be used in combination with any United StatesU.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”)-approved or development stage T-cell therapies,, including CAR-T therapy, as well asa recent Type B meeting, the Company believes that the phase 3 trial could lead to a potential filing of an Emergency Use Authorization (“EUA”) application if data warrant such a filing. If the EUA were filed and granted, the Company could begin commercialization. The Company also intends to file a Biologics License Application (“BLA”) in combination2021. Based on the discussion with other cell therapies such as allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (“HSCT”),FDA, the Company understands that a BLA will require the Company to make these treatments safergenerate and present more effective. In addition, the Company’s GM-CSF knockout gene-editing CAR-T platform has the potentialclinical data than would be required to create next-generation CAR-T therapies that may inherently avoid any efficacy/toxicity linkage, thereby potentially preserving the benefits of the CAR-T therapy while reducing or altogether avoiding its serious and potentially life-threatening side-effects.support an EUA.

The Company’s immediate focusCompany recently announced that lenzilumab will be included in the ACTIV-5 “Big Effect Trial” (ACTIV-5/BET). This study is combining FDA-approvedsponsored by the National Institutes of Health (“NIH”). ACTIV-5/BET is designed to determine whether certain approved therapies or investigational drugs in late-stage clinical development show promise against COVID-19 and, development stage CAR-T therapies with lenzilumab, its proprietary Humaneered® anti-human-GM-CSF immunotherapy,therefore, merit advancement into larger clinical trials. ACTIV-5/BET, which is its lead product candidate. A clinical collaborationexpected to enroll at as many as 40 US sites, will evaluate lenzilumab with remdesivir, compared to placebo and remdesivir, in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, with approximately 100 patients expected to be assigned to each study arm. The Company is providing lenzilumab for the study, which is fully funded by NIH.

Lenzilumab is also being studied in a multicenter phase 1b/2 potential registrational trial as a sequenced therapy with Yescarta® (axicabtagene ciloleucel) to reduce CRS and neurotoxicity in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (“DLBCL”). This trial is being conducted in partnership with Kite Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Gilead company (“Kite”), was recently announced to evaluate the use of lenzilumab with Yescarta®, axicabtagene ciloleucel (“Yescarta” or “Yescarta®”), in a multicenter clinical trial in adults with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma.which markets Yescarta. The Company is also focused on creating next-generation combinatory gene-edited CAR-T therapies using strategiesin the final planning stages for a Phase 2/3 trial for lenzilumab to improve efficacy while employing GM-CSF gene knockout technologiestreat patients who have undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell therapy (“HSCT”) who are at high risk for acute GvHD. The trial is expected to control toxicity. be conducted by the IMPACT Partnership, a collection of 23 stem cell transplant centers located in the United Kingdom.

The CompanyCompany’s proprietary, patented Humaneered technology platform is also developing its own portfolio of proprietary first-in-class EphA3-CAR-Tsa method for various solid cancersconverting existing antibodies (typically murine) into engineered, high-affinity human antibodies designed for therapeutic use, particularly with acute and EMR1-CAR-Ts for various eosinophilic disorders. The Company is also exploring the effectiveness of its GM-CSF neutralization technologies (either through the use of lenzilumab as a neutralizing antibody or through GM-CSF gene knockout) in combination with other CAR-T, T-cell engaging, and immunotherapy treatments to break the efficacy/toxicity linkage, including the prevention and/or treatment of graft-versus-host disease (“GvHD”) in patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT.chronic conditions. The Company has established several partnerships with leadingdeveloped or in-licensed targets or research antibodies, typically from academic institutions, and then applied its Humaneered technology to advanceproduce them. Lenzilumab and the Company’s other two product candidates, ifabotuzumab and HGEN005, are Humaneered monoclonal antibodies. The Company’s Humaneered antibodies are closer to human antibodies than chimeric or conventionally humanized antibodies and have a high affinity for their target but low immunogenicity. The Company believes its innovative cellHumaneered antibodies offer additional advantages, such as lower likelihood to induce an inappropriate immune response or infusion related reaction, high potency, and gene therapy pipeline.a slow off-rate.

Lenzilumab

Lenzilumab, the Company’s lead product candidate, is a clinical-stageHumaneeredmonoclonal antibody (“mAb”) that neutralizes human GM-CSFSee Management’s Discussion and has the potential to prevent or reduce certain serious side-effects associated with CAR-T therapyAnalysis of Financial Condition and improve upon the efficacyResults of CAR-T therapy. Pre-clinical data generated by the Mayo Clinic (the “Mayo Clinic”)Operations in collaboration with the Company, indicates that the use of lenzilumab in combination with CAR-T therapy may also enhance the proliferation and improve the efficacy of the CAR-T therapy. This may also result in durable, or longer term, responses.

The Company is continuing to advance the development of lenzilumab in combination with CAR-T therapy through a non-exclusive clinical collaboration with Kite, entered into on May 30, 2019, pursuant to which the Company and Kite will conduct a multi-center Phase 1b/Item 2 study of lenzilumab with Kite’s Yescarta in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (“DLBCL”) (the “Study”). The primary objective of the Study is to determine the effect of lenzilumab on the safety of Yescarta. Kite’s Yescarta is one of two CAR-T therapies that have been approved by the FDA, is currently the CAR-T therapy market leader and the Company’s collaboration with Kite is currently the only clinical collaboration with the potential to improve both the safety and efficacy of CAR-T therapy. The Company also plans to measure other potentially beneficial effects on efficacy and healthcare resource utilization. In addition, lenzilumab’s success in preventing serious and potentially life-threatening side-effects could offer economic benefits to medical system payers in the United States and abroad by making the CAR-T therapy capable of being administered, and follow-up care subsequently monitored and managed, potentially on an out-patient basis in certain patients and circumstances. In turn, the Company believes that delivering such provider and payer benefits might accelerate the use of the CAR-T therapy itself, and thereby permit the Company to generate further revenues from sales of lenzilumab.

In addition to CAR-T therapy, the Company is committed to advancing its diverse platform for GM-CSF axis suppression for a broad range of other T-cell engaging therapies, including both autologous and allogeneic next generation CAR-T therapies, bi-specific antibody therapies, as well as other cell-based immunotherapies in development, including allogeneic HSCT, with its current and future partners.

In July 2019, the Company entered into an exclusive worldwide license agreement (the “Zurich Agreement”) with the University of Zurich (“UZH”). Under the Zurich Agreement, the Company has in-licensed certain technologies that it believes may be used to prevent or treat GvHD, thereby expanding its development platform to include improving the safety and effectiveness of allogeneic HSCT, a potentially curative therapy for patients with hematological cancers. There are currently no FDA-approved agents for the prevention of GvHD, nor treatment of GvHD in patients identified as high risk by certain biomarkers. The Company believes that GM-CSF neutralization with lenzilumab has the potential to prevent or treat GvHD without compromising, and potentially improving, the beneficial graft-versus-leukemia (“GvL”) effect in patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT, thereby making allogeneic HSCT safer. The Company aims to position lenzilumab as a “must have” companion product to any allogeneic HSCT and as a part of the standard pre-conditioning that all patients receiving allogeneic HSCT should receive or as an early treatment option in patients identified as high risk for GvHD.

Given the Company’s focus on developing lenzilumab in the treatment of rare cancers, the Company believes that it has the opportunity to benefit from various regulatory incentives, such as orphan drug exclusivity, breakthrough therapy designation, fast track designation, priority review and accelerated approval.

GM-CSF Gene Knockout

The Company is advancing its GM-CSF knockout gene-editing CAR-T platform through an exclusive worldwide license agreement (the “Mayo Agreement”) that it entered into in June 2019 with the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (“Mayo Foundation”). Under the Mayo Agreement, the Company has in-licensed certain technologies that it believes may be used to create CAR-T cells lackingGM-CSFexpression through various gene-editing tools including CRISPR-Cas9. The Company believes that its GM-CSF knockout gene-editing CAR-T platform has the potential to create next-generation CAR-T therapies that improve the efficacy and safety profile of CAR-T therapy.

Preclinical data indicate that GM-CSF gene knockout CAR-T cells show improved overall survival compared to wild type CAR-T cells in addition to the expected benefits of reduced serious side-effects associated with CAR-T therapy. The Company is establishing a platform of next-generation combinatorial gene knockout CAR-T cells that have potential to be applied across both autologous and allogeneic approaches and is also investigating multiple CAR-T cell designs using precise dual and triple gene editing to significantly enhance the anti-tumor activity while simultaneously preventing CAR-T therapy induced toxicities.  Through targeted gene expression and modulating cytokine activation signaling, the Company may be able to increase the proportion of younger and fitter T-cells produced during expansion, increase the proliferative potential, and inhibit activation induced cell death, thereby improving the cancer killing activity of its engineered CAR-T cells thereby making them more effective and safer in the treatment of cancers. The Company plans to continue development of this technology in combination approaches that could add toQuarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information regarding the observed efficacy benefits of current generation CAR-T products. In addition, the Company anticipates that its GM-CSF knockout gene-editing CAR-T platform may be a future backbone for controlling the serious side-effects that hamper CAR-T therapy that lead to serious and sometimes fatal outcomes for patients as a result of the CAR-T therapy itself.

EphA3-CAR: Targeting Tumor Stroma and Tumor Vasculature

The Company is working to generate its own pipeline of CAR-T therapies including an EphA3-CAR-T based on the ifabotuzumab v-region and backbone. Ifabotuzumab is a Humaneered anti-Eph Type-A receptor 3(“EphA3”) monoclonal antibody. Ifabotuzumab has the potential to kill tumor cells by targeting tumor stroma that protects them and the vasculature that feeds them. This unique combination of activities as a backbone of a CAR-T therapy may provide the potential to generate durable responses in a range of solid tumors by targeting the tissues that surround, protect, and nourish a growing cancer. By developing an EphA3-CAR-T using ifabotuzumab as the backbone, the Company may have the ability to target the tumor, tumor stroma, and tumor vasculature in a novel manner. The Company is collaborating with the Mayo Clinic and plans to move to clinical testing with an anti-EphA3 construct for a range of cancer types after completing Investigational New Drug (“IND”) enabling work.

EMR1-CAR: Targeting Eosinophils

The Company’s EMR1-CAR-T product is based on the HGEN005 (anti-EMR1 Humaneered monoclonal antibody) backbone and targets the epidermal growth factor-like module containing mucin-like hormone receptor 1 (“EMR1”). The Company’s EMR1-CAR-T based on the HGEN005 backbone is another approach in its growing platform of CAR-T therapies. The Company believes that because of its high selectivity, EMR1-CAR-T has significant potential to treat serious eosinophil diseases.

In pre-clinical work, HGEN005’s anti-EMR1 activity resulted in dramatically enhanced killing of eosinophils from normal and eosinophilic donors and also induced a rapid and sustained depletion of eosinophils in a non-human primate model without any clinically significant adverse events. The Company has engaged with National Institutes of Health (“NIH”) to discuss expanding the initial work they have conducted utilizing HGEN005 and discussions are underway with a leading center in the U.S. to perform the IND enabling testing in eosinophilic leukemia, an orphan condition with significant unmet need, as well as several other potential partners, although there is no assurance that the Company will reach any agreements for these next steps.business.

Liquidity and Going Concern

The Company has incurred significant losses since its inception in March 2000 and had an accumulated deficit of $282.9 million as of September 30, 2019. At September 30, 2019, the Company had a working capital deficit of $9.7 million.  To date, none of the Company’s product candidates has been approved for sale and therefore the Company has not generated any revenue from product sales. Management expects operating losses to continue for the foreseeable future. The Company will require additional financing in order to meet its anticipated cash flow needs during the next twelve months. As a result, the Company will continue to require additional capital through equity offerings, debt financing and/or payments under new or existing licensing or collaboration agreements. If sufficient funds are not available on acceptable terms when needed, the Company could be required to significantly reduce its operating expenses and delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate one or more of its development programs. The Company’s ability to access capital when needed is not assured and, if not achieved on a timely basis, could materially harm its business, financial condition and results of operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20192020 were prepared on the basis of a going concern, which contemplates that the Company will be able to realize assets and discharge liabilities in the normal course of business.  The ability ofHowever, the Company to meethas incurred net losses since its total liabilities of $13.3 million at September 30, 2019inception and has negative operating cash flows. These conditions raised substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent uponas described in the availabilityCompany’s historical Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 and in its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020.

Following completion of future funding. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary ifits underwritten public offering in September 2020, as of September 30, 2020, the Company is unablehad cash and cash equivalents of $91.5 million (see Note 6). Accordingly, the Company re-evaluated its potential going concern disclosure requirements in accordance with ASC 205-40-50 as of September 30, 2020. Upon completion of this evaluation, the Company has concluded that its existing cash and cash equivalents have alleviated that prior substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The Company believes that its cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund its planned operations and capital expenditure requirements for at least 12 months. This evaluation is based on relevant conditions and events that are currently known or reasonably knowable. As a result, the Company could deplete its available capital resources sooner than it currently expects, and a delay in obtaining or failure to obtain an EUA could further constrain its cash resources. The Company has based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and its operating projections, including its projected net revenue following the potential receipt of an EUA for lenzilumab in COVID-19 patients, may change as a result of many factors currently unknown to it. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital when needed or on acceptable terms, it would be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate its research and development programs and commercialization efforts. Alternatively, the Company might raise funds through strategic collaborations, public or private financings or other arrangements. Such funding, if needed, may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. The financial statements included herein do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and on a basis consistent with the annual consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments necessary for the presentation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. These financial statements have been prepared on a basis that assumes that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The December 31, 20182019 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was derived from the audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. These interim financial results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019,2020, or for any other future annual or interim period. The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included in the Company’s 20182019 Form 10-K.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts and disclosures reported in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. The Company believes judgment is involved in determining the valuation of the fair value-based measurement of stock-based compensation accruals and warrant valuations. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions as facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions, and those differences could be material to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2. Chapter 11 FilingCertain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Such reclassifications had no effect on prior years’ Net loss or Stockholders’ equity (deficit).

On December 29, 2015,

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Effective 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time on September 11, 2020 (the “Effective Time”), the Company filedamended its charter to effect a voluntary petition for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 11reverse stock split at a ratio of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. The filing was made1-for-5 (the “Split Ratio”). No fractional shares were issued in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware (the “Bankruptcy Court”) (Case No. 15-12628 (LSS) (the “Bankruptcy Case”). The Company’s Plan of Reorganization filedconnection with the Bankruptcy Court (the “Plan”) became effective June 30, 2016 and the Company emerged from its Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings.reverse stock split. Stockholders of record otherwise entitled to receive fractional shares of common stock received cash (without interest or deduction) in lieu of such fractional share interests.

The reconciliationreverse stock split reduced the total number of certain proofsshares of claim filed againstthe Company’s common stock outstanding as of the Effective Time from approximately 210.9 million shares to approximately 42.2 million shares. The par value per share and other terms of the Company’s common stock were not affected by the reverse stock split, and the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock remains at 225,000,000.

The reverse stock split resulted in a proportionate adjustment in the number of shares reserved for issuance under the Humanigen, Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2020 Equity Plan”), such that a total of 7,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2020 Equity Plan following the Effective Time. In addition, proportionate adjustments were made to the number of shares covered by, and the exercise price applicable to, each outstanding stock option award under the Humanigen, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2012 Equity Plan”) and outstanding warrants issued by the Company, in the Bankruptcy Case, including certain General Unsecured Claims, Convenience Class Claims and Other Subordinated Claims, is complete.  As a result of its examination of the claims, the Company asked the Bankruptcy Courteach case to disallow, reduce, reclassify, subordinate or otherwise adjudicate certain claims the Company believes are subject to objection or otherwise improper.  On July 11, 2018, the Company filed an objectiongive effect to the remaining claims. By objection,Split Ratio and the Company sought to disallow in their entirety the remaining claims totaling approximately $0.5 million. On September 17, 2018 the Bankruptcy Court issued a Final Decree and Order to close the Bankruptcy Case and terminate the remaining claims and noticing services.reverse stock split.

ForThe reverse stock split was accounted for retroactively and is reflected in our common stock, stock option and warrant activity as of and during the threeyear ended December 31, 2019 and nine monthsthe periods ended September 30, 20192020 and 2018, Reorganization items, net consisted of2019. Unless stated otherwise, all share data in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been adjusted, as appropriate, to reflect the following charges related to the bankruptcy proceedings:

There were no cash payments for reorganization for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. Cash payments for reorganization items totaled $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.reverse stock split.

3.2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies since those previously disclosed in the 20182019 Form 10-K.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash”. ASU 2016-18 requires the inclusion of restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-the period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2018. As a result of the adoption, the Company will no longer present the change within restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows. See below for the composition of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown on the statements of cash flow:

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both lessees and lessors. The FASB subsequently issued ASU No. 2018-10 and 2018-11 in July 2018, which provide clarifications and improvements to ASU 2016-02 (collectively, the “new lease standard”).

ASU No. 2018-11 provides the optional transition method which allows companies to apply the new lease standard at the adoption date instead of at the earliest comparative period presented and continue to apply the provisions of the previous lease standard in its annual disclosures for the comparative periods. The new lease standard requires lessees to present a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet. Additional footnote disclosures related to leases is also required.

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the new lease standard using the optional transition method and certain other practical expedients. Under the practical expedient package elected, the Company is not required to reassess whether expired or existing contracts are or contain a lease; and is not required to reassess the lease classifications or reassess the initial direct costs associated with expired or existing leases.

The new lease standard also provides practical expedients for an entity’s ongoing accounting. The Company elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify. This means, for those leases that qualify, we will not recognize right of use assets or lease liabilities, and this includes not recognizing right of use assets or lease liabilities for existing short-term leases of those assets in transition. The Company elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for certain classes of assets. See Note 4 for a description of the Company’s current leases and their treatment under the new lease standard.

4. Leases

The Company leases an office-space under a month-to-month lease for $1,000 per month. Management has determined the lease term to be less than 12 months, including renewals, and therefore has not recorded a right-of-use asset and corresponding liability under the short-term lease recognition exemption. Lease costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 totaled approximately $3,400 and $9,800, respectively and are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

As described in Note 3, the Company has elected to adopt the transitional practical expedients, and was not required to reassess whether any existing or expired contracts contained embedded leases. The Company has not entered into any contracts during the 2019 fiscal year that contain an embedded lease.

5.3. Potentially Dilutive Securities

The Company’s potentially dilutive securities, which include stock options restricted stock units and warrants, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per common share as the effect of including those securities would be to reduce the net loss per common share and be antidilutive. Therefore, the denominator used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per common share is the same in each period presented.

The following outstanding potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computations of diluted net loss per common share:

6. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Cash, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are carried at cost, which approximates fair value given their short-term nature. Marketable securities and cash equivalents are carried at fair value. The Company has money market funds of approximately $71,000 at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 that are reported as restricted cash on the balance sheet. The amortized cost of these funds equals their fair value as there were no unrealized gains or losses at September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

The fair value of financial instruments reflects the amounts that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The fair value hierarchy is based on three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value, of which the first two are considered observable, and the third is considered unobservable, as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Inputs other than those included in Level 1 that are directly or indirectly observable, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities using the highest level of inputs that are reasonably available as of the measurement date. The following tables summarize the fair value of financial assets that are measured at fair value and the classification by level of input within the fair value hierarchy:

7.4. Debt

Notes Payable to Vendors

On June 30, 2016, the Company issued promissory notes in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $1.2 million to certain claimants in accordance with the Plan.Company’s Plan of Reorganization (the “Plan”) filed with the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware (the “Bankruptcy Court”) (Case No. 15-12628 (LSS) (the “Bankruptcy Case”) which became effective June 30, 2016, at which time the Company emerged from its Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings. The notes arewere unsecured, bearaccrued interest at 10% per annum and became due and payable in full, including principal and accrued interest on June 30, 2019. In July and August, 2019, following the receipt of proceeds from the 2019 Bridge Notes, the Company used approximately $0.5 million of the proceeds to retire a portion of these notes, including accrued interest. After giving effect to these payments, the aggregate principal amount and accrued but unpaid interest on these notes approximatesapproximated $1.1 million as of September 30, 2019. As of September 30,December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company hashad accrued $0.4 million and $0.3 million in interest relatedexpense. In June and July 2020, the Company used the proceeds from the Private Placement (as defined below) to these promissory notes, respectively. Therepay the remaining outstanding principal amountincluding accrued and accrued but unpaid interest on these notes is currently payable to the respective holders without demand, notice or declaration, and the holders, without demand or noticenotes were extinguished. As of any kind, may exercise any andSeptember 30, 2020, all other rights and remedies available to them under the notes the Plan, at law or in equity. We do not have sufficient funds to repay the principal and accrued but unpaid interest on these notes in their entirety. See Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for more information.been repaid.

Advance Notes

In June, July and August, 2018 the Company received an aggregate of $0.9 million of proceeds from advances made to the Company (the “Advance Notes”) by four different lenders including Dr. Cameron Durrant, the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; Cheval Holdings, Ltd. (“Cheval”), an affiliate of Black Horse Capital, L.P. (“BHC”), the Company’s controlling stockholder;stockholder at the time; and Ronald Barliant, a director of the Company (collectively the “Lenders”).Company. The Advance Notes accrued interest at a rate of 7% per year, compounded annually.

In accordance with their terms, on May 30, 2019, in connection with the Company’s announcement of the Collaboration Agreement with Kite, the lenders converted the amounts due under the Advance Notes into the Company’s common stock at the conversion price of $0.45$2.25 per share. The Company issued a total of 2,179,622435,924 shares of common stock in connection with the conversion.

2018 Convertible Notes

Commencing September 19, 2018, the Company delivered a series of convertible promissory notes (the “2018 Notes”) evidencing an aggregate of $2.5 million of loans made to the Company by six different lenders, including an affiliate of Black Horse Capital, L.P.,BHC, the Company’s controlling stockholder.stockholder at the time. The 2018 Notes bearaccrued interest at a rate of 7% per annum and, willin general, were set to mature on the earliest of (i) twenty-four months from the date the 2018 Notes were signed, (ii) the occurrence of any customary event of default, or (iii) the certain liquidation events including any dissolution or winding up of the Company or merger or sale by the Company of all or substantially all of its assets (in any case, a “Liquidation Event”).signed. The Company used the proceeds from the 2018 Notes for working capital.

The 2018 Notes arewere convertible into equity securities inof the Company in three different scenarios:

Ifscenarios, including if the Company sellssold its equity securities on or before the date of repayment of the 2018 Notes in any financing transaction that resultsresulted in gross proceeds to the Company of at leastless than $10 million (a “Qualified“Non-Qualified Financing”),. In connection with a Non-Qualified Financing, the noteholders were able to convert their remaining 2018 Notes will be converted into either (i) such equity securities as the noteholder would acquire if the principal and accrued but unpaid interest thereon (the “Conversion Amount”) were invested directly in the financing on the same terms and conditions as given to the financing investors in the QualifiedNon-Qualified Financing, or (ii) common stock at a conversion price equal to $0.45$2.25 per share (subject to ratable adjustment for any stock split, stock dividend, stock combination or other recapitalization occurring subsequent to the date of the Notes).

IfThe Company’s sales of shares pursuant to the ELOC Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (“LPC”) constituted a Non-Qualified Financing. Commencing on April 2, 2020, the holders of the 2018 Notes notified the Company sellsof their exercise of their conversion rights under the 2018 Notes. See “2019 Convertible Notes” for additional information regarding the conversion of 2018 Notes by the holders.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had accrued $0.2 million in interest related to these promissory notes. Interest expense recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was approximately $0 and $817 thousand, respectively.

2019 Convertible Notes

Commencing on April 23, 2019, the Company delivered a series of convertible promissory notes (the “2019 Notes” and together with the 2018 Notes, the “Convertible Notes”) evidencing an aggregate of $1.3 million of loans made to the Company. The 2019 Notes accrued interest at a rate of 7.5% per annum and, in general, were set to mature twenty-four months from the date the 2019 Notes were signed. The Company used the proceeds from the 2019 Notes for working capital.

The 2019 Notes were convertible into equity securities of the Company in four different scenarios, including if the Company sold its equity securities on or before the date of repayment of the 20182019 Notes in any financing transaction that resultsresulted in gross proceeds to the Company of less than $10 million (a “Non-Qualified Financing”),. In connection with a Non-Qualified Financing, the noteholders maywere able to convert their remaining 20182019 Notes into either (i) such equity securities as the noteholder would acquire if the Conversion Amount were invested directly in the financing on the same terms and conditions as given to the financing investors in the Non-Qualified Financing, or (ii) common stock at a conversion price equal to $0.45 per share (subject to ratable adjustment for any stock split, stock dividend, stock combination or other recapitalization occurring subsequent to the date of the Notes).

The 2018 Notes may convert in the event the Company enters into or publicly announces its intention to consummate a Liquidation Event. Immediately prior to the completion of any such Liquidation Event, in lieu of receiving payment in cash, noteholders may convert the Conversion Amount into common stock at a conversion price equal to $0.45 per share (subject to ratable adjustment for any stock split, stock dividend, stock combination or other recapitalization occurring subsequent to the date of the Notes).

2019 Convertible Notes

Commencing on April 23, 2019, the Company delivered a series of convertible promissory notes (the “2019 Notes”) evidencing an aggregate of $1.3 million of loans made to the Company.

The 2019 Notes bear interest at a rate of 7.5% per annum and will mature on the earliest of (i) twenty-four months from the date the 2019 Notes are signed (the “Stated Maturity Date”), (ii) the occurrence of any customary event of default, or (iii) the certain liquidation events including any dissolution or winding up of the Company or merger or sale by the Company of all or substantially all of its assets (in any case, a “Liquidation Event”). The Company used the proceeds from the 2019 Notes for working capital.

The 2019 Notes are convertible into equity securities in the Company in four different scenarios:

If the Company sells its equity securities on or before the Stated Maturity Date in any financing transaction that results in gross proceeds to the Company of at least $10.0 million (a “Qualified Financing”) or the Company consummates a reverse merger or similar transaction, the 2019 Notes will be converted into either (i) (a) in the case of a Qualified Financing, such equity securities as the noteholder would acquire if the principal and accrued but unpaid interest thereon together with such additional amount of interest as would have been paid on the 2019 Notes if held to the Stated Maturity Date (the “Conversion Amount”) were invested directly in the financing on the same terms and conditions (including price) as given to the financing investors in the Qualified Financing or (b) in the case of a reverse merger, common stock at the same price per share paid by the buyer in such transaction (which in a stock for stock transaction, shall be based on the price per share used by the parties for purposes of setting the applicable exchange ration), or (ii) common stock at a conversion price equal to $1.25$6.25 per share (subject to ratable adjustment for any stock split, stock dividend, stock combination or other recapitalization occurring subsequent to the date of the 2019 Notes).

If

The Company’s sales of shares pursuant to the ELOC Purchase Agreement with LPC constituted a Non-Qualified Financing. Commencing on April 2, 2020, holders of the Convertible Notes, including Cheval, an affiliate of BHC, the Company’s controlling stockholder at the time, notified the Company sellsof their exercise of their conversion rights under the Convertible Notes. Pursuant to the exemption from registration afforded by Section 3(a)(9) under the Securities Act, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,397,915 shares of its equity securitiescommon stock upon the conversion of $4.3 million in aggregate principal and interest on the Convertible Notes that were converted, which obligations were retired. Of these, the Company issued 316,666 shares to Cheval. Dr. Dale Chappell, who was serving as the Company’s ex-officio chief scientific officer at the time and currently serves as its Chief Scientific Officer, controls BHC and reports beneficial ownership of all shares held by it and its affiliates, including Cheval. After giving effect to the shares issued upon such conversions, no convertible notes issued in 2018 or before2019 were outstanding as of September 30, 2020.

As of December 31, 2019, the date of repayment ofCompany had accrued $0.1 million in interest related to the 2019 Notes. Interest expense related to the 2019 Notes, in any financing transaction that results in gross proceeds torecorded during the Company of less than $ 10.0 million (a “Non-Qualified Financing”), the noteholders may convert their remaining Convertible Notes into either (i) such equity securities as the noteholder would acquire if the Conversion Amount were invested directly in the financing on the same termsthree and conditions (including price) as given to the financing investors in the Non-Qualified Financing, or (ii) common stock at a conversion price equal to $1.25 per share (subject to ratable adjustment for any stock split, stock dividend, stock combination or other recapitalization occurring subsequent to the date of the 2019 Notes).

The 2019 Notes may convert in the event the Company enters into or publicly announces its intention to consummate a Liquidation Event. Immediately prior to the completion of any such Liquidation Event, in lieu of receiving payment in cash, noteholders may convert the Conversion Amount into common stock at a conversion price equal to $1.25 per share (subject to ratable adjustment for any stock split, stock dividend, stock combination or other recapitalization occurring subsequent to the date of the 2019 Notes).

In addition, upon the six-month anniversary of the date the 2019 Notes are signed or such earlier time as the Company publicly announces that it has entered into a definitive arrangement with an unaffiliated third party (a “Strategic Partner”) pursuant to which, among other things, such Strategic Partner may agree to collaborate with the Company in conducting a clinical study to assess the efficacy of the Company’s lenzilumab monoclonal antibody in reducing adverse effects from neurotoxicitynine months ended September 30, 2020, was approximately $0 and cytokine release syndrome when used as a companion therapy in certain CAR-T cell therapies, noteholders may convert any portion of the outstanding principal amount of the 2019 Notes, together with (a) any unpaid and accrued interest on such principal amount to the date the noteholder’s notice of the noteholder’s intention to convert is received by the Company (the “Notice Date”), and (b) such additional amount of interest as would have been paid on such principal amount from the Notice Date to the Stated Maturity Date, into common stock at a conversion price equal to $1.25 per share (subject to ratable adjustment for any stock split, stock dividend, stock combination or other recapitalization occurring subsequent to the date of the 2019 Notes). The Company’s announcement of the Collaboration Agreement with Kite satisfied this requirement and accordingly, the 2019 Notes are convertible into common stock on the above terms.$219 thousand, respectively.

The Advance Notes, the 2018 Notes and the 2019 Notes havehad an optional voluntary conversion feature in which the holder could convert the notes in the Company’s common stock at maturity at a conversion rate of $0.45$2.25 per share for the Advance Notes and the 2018 Notes and at a conversion rate of $1.25$6.25 for the 2019 Notes. The intrinsic value of this beneficial conversion feature was $1.8 million upon the issuance of the Advance Notes, the 2018 Notes and the 2019 Notes and was recorded as additional paid-in capital and as a debt discount which is accreted to interest expense over the term of the Advance Notes and Notes. Interest expense includes debt discount amortization of $0.2 million$0 and $0.6 million$785 thousand for the three and nine month periodsmonths ended September 30, 2019.2020, respectively.

The Company evaluated the embedded features within the Advance Notes, the 2018 Notes and the 2019 Notes to determine if the embedded features are required to be bifurcated and recognized as derivative instruments. The Company determined that the Advance Notes, the 2018 Notes and the 2019 Notes contain contingent beneficial conversion features (“CBCF”) that allow or require the holder to convert the Advance Notes, the 2018 Notes and the 2019 Notes, as applicable, to Company common stock at a conversion rate of $0.45$2.25 per share for the Advance Notes and the 2018 Notes and $1.25$6.25 for the 2019 Notes, but did not contain embedded features requiring bifurcation and recognition as derivative instruments. Upon the occurrence of a CBCF that results in conversion of the Advance Notes, the 2018 Notes or the 2019 Notes to Company common stock, the remaining unamortized discount will be charged to interest expense. Upon conversion of the Advance Notes on May 30, 2019, the remaining unamortized discount was charged to interest expense. Upon the conversion of the Convertible Notes in April 2020, the remaining related unamortized discount was charged to interest expense.

2020 Convertible Redeemable Notes

On March 13, 2020 and March 19, 2020 (the “Issuance Dates”), the Company delivered two convertible redeemable promissory notes (the “2020 Notes”) evidencing loans with an aggregate principal amount of $518,333 made to the Company.

The remaining debt2020 Notes accrued interest at a rate of 7.0% per annum and were set to mature on March 13, 2021 and March 19, 2021, respectively. The 2020 Notes contained an original issue discount willof $33,000 and $18,833, respectively. The Company used the proceeds from the 2020 Notes for working capital.

The notes could be amortized over 12redeemed by the Company at any time before the 270^th day following issuance, at a redemption price equal to the principal and 19 monthsaccrued but unpaid interest on the notes to the date of redemption, plus a premium that increases on day 61 and day 121 from the issuance date. Accordingly, the notes were repaid in June 2020 with proceeds from the Private Placement, and the notes were extinguished.

The Company evaluated the embedded features within the 2020 Notes and determined that the embedded features are required to be bifurcated and recognized as stand-alone derivative instruments. The variable-share settlement features within the 2020 Notes qualify as redemption features and meet the net settlement criterion for qualification as a stand-alone derivative. In determining the fair value of the bifurcated derivative, the Company evaluated the likelihood of conversion of the 2020 Notes to Company stock.  As the Company believed it would have adequate funding prior to the six month anniversary of the 2020 Notes, the first conversion option for the 2018holders of the 2020 Notes, and it had the 2019intent to either begin making amortizing payments or to pay off the 2020 Notes in their entirety prior to that date, the fair value was determined to be $0. The original issue discount was accreted to Interest expense and the remaining balance was charged to Interest expense upon payoff.

Interest expense related to the 2020 Notes, recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, was approximately $0 and $165 thousand, respectively.

Interest expense includes the original issue discount amortization of approximately $0 and $52 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

2019 Bridge Notes

On June 28, 2019, the Company issued three short-term, secured bridge notes (the “2019“June Bridge Notes”) evidencing an aggregate of $1.7 million of loans made to the Company by three parties: Cheval Holdings, Ltd., an affiliate of Black Horse Capital, L.P.,BHC, the Company’s controlling stockholder at the time, lent $750,000; Nomis Bay LTD, the Company’s second largest stockholder, lent $750,000; and Dr. Cameron Durrant, M.D., MBA, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors (the “Board”), lent $200,000. The proceeds from the 2019June Bridge Notes were used to satisfy a portion of the unsecured obligations incurred in connection with the Company’s emergence from bankruptcy in 2016 and for working capital and general corporate purposes. Of the $1.7 million in proceeds received, $950,000 was received on June 28, 2019 and was recorded as Advance notes in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2019. The remaining proceeds of $750,000 were received July 1, 2019 and recorded accordingly.

The 2019June Bridge Notes bearaccrued interest at a rate of 7.0% per annum and had an original maturity date of October 1, 2019. On October 8, 2019, the Company and the lenders agreedafter giving effect to extend the maturity date of the 2019multiple extensions, were set to mature on December 31, 2020. The June Bridge Notes from October 1, 2019 until December 31, 2019 and to waive any prior default up to and including the date of the amendment. No other changes to the terms of the 2019 Bridge Notes were made in connection with the extension of the maturity date. The 2019 Bridge Notes maycould become due and payable at such earlier time as the Company raisesraised more than $3,000,000 in a bona fide financing transaction or upon a change in control. The 2019Accordingly, the June Bridge Notes are secured by liens of substantially all ofwere repaid in June 2020 with proceeds from the Company’s assets.Private Placement, and the June Bridge Notes were extinguished.

Upon an event of default, which events include, but are not limited to, (1)On November 12, 2019, the Company failing to timely pay any monetary obligation underissued two short-term, secured bridge notes (the “November Bridge Notes” and together with the 2019June Bridge Notes; (2)Notes, the Company failing to pay its debts generally as they become due and (3) the Company commencing any proceeding relating“2019 Bridge Notes”) evidencing an aggregate of $350,000 of loans made to the Company under any bankruptcy reorganization, arrangement, insolvency, readjustmentby two parties: Cheval, an affiliate of debt, dissolution or liquidation or similar lawsBHC, our controlling stockholder at the time, lent $250,000; and Dr. Cameron Durrant, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of any jurisdiction now or hereafter in effect,our Board, lent $100,000. The proceeds from the interest payable on the 2019November Bridge Notes increases to 10.0% per annum. Further, upon certain events of default, all paymentswere used for working capital and obligations due and owed under the 2019general corporate purposes.

The November Bridge Notes shall immediatelyranked on par with the June Bridge Notes and possessed other terms and conditions substantially consistent with those notes. The November Bridge Notes accrued interest at a rate of 7.0% per annum and after giving effect to multiple extensions, were set to mature on December 31, 2020. The November Bridge Notes could become due and payable without demandat such earlier time as the Company raised more than $3,000,000 in a bona fide financing transaction or upon a change in control. Accordingly, the November Bridge Notes were repaid in June 2020 with proceeds from the Private Placement.

In April 2020, the Company issued two short-term, secured bridge notes (the “April Bridge Notes” and without noticetogether with the June Bridge Notes and the November Bridge Notes, the “Bridge Notes”) evidencing an aggregate of $350,000 of loans made to the Company.Company: Cheval, an affiliate of BHC, the Company’s controlling stockholder at the time, loaned $100,000, and Nomis Bay, the Company’s second largest stockholder, loaned $250,000. The proceeds from the April Bridge Notes were used for working capital and general corporate purposes.

8.The April Bridge Notes ranked on par with the June Bridge Notes and the November Bridge Notes and possessed other terms and conditions substantially consistent with them. The notes accrued interest at a rate of 7.0% per annum and were set to mature on December 31, 2020. The April Bridge Notes could become due and payable at such earlier time as the Company raised more than $10,000,000 in a bona fide financing transaction or upon a change in control. Accordingly, these April Bridge Notes were repaid in June 2020 with proceeds from the Private Placement, and these bridge notes were extinguished.

The Bridge Notes were secured by a lien on substantially all the Company’s assets, which liens have been released.

Interest expense related to the Bridge Notes, recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, was approximately $0 and $66 thousand, respectively.

5. Commitments and Contingencies

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

As of September 30, 2019,2020, other than the retirement and conversion of certain debt issuances described in Note 74 and the license agreements described in Note 10,7, there were no material changes to the Company’s contractual obligations from those set forth in the 20182019 Form 10-K.

Guarantees and Indemnifications

The Company has certain agreements with service providers with which it does business that contain indemnification provisions pursuant to which the Company typically agrees to indemnify the party against certain types of third-party claims. The Company accrues for known indemnification issues when a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated. The Company would also accrue for estimated incurred but unidentified indemnification issues based on historical activity. As the Company has not incurred any indemnification losses to date, there were no accruals for, or expenses related to, indemnification issues for any period presented.

6. Stockholders’ Equity

Reverse Stock Split

Effective as of 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time on September 11, 2020 (the “Effective Time”), the Company amended its charter to effect a reverse stock split at a ratio of 1-for-5 (the “Split Ratio”). No fractional shares were issued in connection with the reverse stock split. Stockholders of record otherwise entitled to receive fractional shares of common stock received cash (without interest or deduction) in lieu of such fractional share interests.

The reverse stock split reduced the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding as of the Effective Time from approximately 210.9 million shares to approximately 42.2 million shares. The par value per share and other terms of the Company’s common stock were not affected by the reverse stock split, and the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock remains at 225,000,000.

The reverse stock split resulted in a proportionate adjustment in the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2020 Equity Plan, such that a total of 7,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2020 Equity Plan following the Effective Time. In addition, proportionate adjustments were made to the number of shares covered by, and the exercise price applicable to, each outstanding stock option award under the 2012 Equity Plan and outstanding warrants issued by the Company, in each case to give effect to the Split Ratio and the reverse stock split.

The reverse stock split was accounted for retroactively and is reflected in our common stock, stock option and warrant activity as of and during the period ended December 31, 2019 and the periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Unless stated otherwise, all share data in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been adjusted, as appropriate, to reflect the reverse stock split.

Lincoln Park Capital Purchase Agreement

On November 8, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement (the “ELOC Purchase Agreement”) and a registration rights agreement with LPC, pursuant to which the Company had the right to sell to LPC up to $20,000,000 in shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”), subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the ELOC Purchase Agreement.

In connection with the signing of the ELOC Purchase Agreement on November 8, 2019, the Company issued 141,318 shares of its common stock to LPC. The issuance of the shares was recorded as debt issuance costs in Common stock and Additional paid-in capital with no net effect on Stockholders’ equity (deficit).

During the months of December 2019 and January 2020, the Company issued a total of 140,000 shares for aggregate proceeds of $0.3 million under the ELOC Purchase Agreement.

9. Stockholders’ EquityOn June 2, 2020, following completion of the Private Placement described below, the Company notified LPC of its decision to terminate the ELOC Purchase Agreement. The termination of the ELOC Purchase Agreement became effective on June 3, 2020.

Restructuring Transactions2020 Private Placement

As further described in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, on February 27, 2018,On June 1, 2020, the Company completedentered into a comprehensive restructuring of its outstanding indebtedness of approximately $18.4 million under a series of term loanssecurities purchase agreement (the “Term Loans”“Purchase Agreement”) with two lender groups, including affiliatescertain accredited investors (the “Investors”) to complete a private placement of Black Horse Capital, L.P. and raised incremental new capital from Cheval Holdings, Ltd.our common stock (the “Private Placement”). The closing of the Private Placement occurred on June 2, 2020 (the “Closing Date”). At the closing, of the restructuring, the Company: (i) in exchange for the satisfaction and extinguishment of the entire balance of the Company’s Term Loans and related accrued interest totaling $18.4 million, (a) issued an aggregate of 59,786,848 shares of Common Stock (the “New Lender Shares”), and (b) transferred and assigned to a joint venture controlled by one of the term loan lenders, all of the assets of the Company related to benznidazole (the “Benz Assets”), the Company’s former drug candidate; and (ii) issued to Cheval an aggregate of 32,028,669 shares of Common Stock for total consideration of $3.0 million.

The conversion of the outstanding debt for Common Stock at closing of the restructuring was accounted for as a decrease to Long-term debt and an increase to Common stock and Additional paid-in capital in the amount of the liabilities outstanding at the time of conversion.

In connection with the transfer of the Benz Assets to the joint venture, the joint venture partner paid certain amounts incurred by the Company after December 21, 2017 and prior to February 27, 2018 in investigating certain causes of action and claims related to or in connection with the Benz Assets. In addition, upon exercise of its rights under the terms of the joint venture, the joint venture partner assumed certain legal fees and expenses owed by the Company to its litigation counsel totaling $0.3 million.

Since the Benz Assets had no carrying value on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, the Company’s initial investment in the joint venture was recorded at $0.

Equity Financings

On March 12, 2018, the Company issued 2,445,557and sold 16,505,743 shares of its common stock (the “Shares”) at a purchase price of $4.35 per share, for totalaggregate gross proceeds of $1.1 millionapproximately $71.8 million. The Company used a portion of the proceeds to accredited investors.retire certain indebtedness, as further described in Note 4 - Debt. See Note 9 for information regarding two complaints filed against us in connection with the Private Placement.

On June 4, 2018,the Closing Date, the Company issued 400,000 sharesand the Investors also entered into a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to prepare and file a registration statement (the “Resale Registration Statement”) for the resale of the Shares with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

Subject to certain limitations and an overall cap, the Company may be required to pay liquidated damages to the investors at a rate of 2% of the invested capital for each occurrence (and continuation for 30 consecutive days thereafter) of a breach by the Company of certain of its obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement.

The Purchase Agreement also required that the Company use its commercially reasonable efforts to achieve a listing of the Common Stock on a national securities exchange, subject to certain limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement. On July 6, 2020, the Company applied to have its common stock approved for total proceeds of $0.2 million to an accredited investor.listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. On September 18, 2020, the Company’s common stock commenced trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “HGEN.”

2020 Underwritten Public Offering

On September 17, 2020, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Jefferies LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters, in connection with the public offering of 8,000,000 of the Company’s shares of common stock. Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the Company granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase an additional 1,200,000 shares of common stock, which option was exercised in full by the underwriters on September 18, 2020.

As a result of the pricing of the public offering, the Company’s common stock commenced trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “HGEN.”

The aggregate gross proceeds from the sale of the full 9,200,000 shares in the offering were approximately $78.2 million. The Company expects to use the proceeds from the offering to support its manufacturing, production and commercial preparation activities relating to lenzilumab as a potential therapy for COVID-19 patients and for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

2020 Equity Plan

On July 27, 2020, the Board unanimously approved, and recommended that the Company’s stockholders approve, the 2020 Equity Plan, to ensure that the Board and its compensation committee (the “Compensation Committee”) will be able to make the types of awards, and covering the number of shares, as necessary to meet the Company’s compensatory needs. On July 29, 2020, the 2020 Equity Plan was approved by the holders of approximately 63% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock on that date. The 2020 Equity Plan became effective on September 11, 2020 following the Effective Time of the reverse stock split.

Immediately following the Effective Time, a total of 7,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2020 Equity Plan. The Board or Compensation Committee may grant the following types of awards under the 2020 Equity Plan: stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, stock awards, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units, cash-based awards and substitute awards. The 2020 Equity Plan will remain in effect until the tenth anniversary of its effective date, unless terminated earlier by the Board.

2012 Equity Incentive Plan

The 2020 Equity Plan replaced the 2012 Equity Plan, under which no further grants will be made. However, any outstanding awards under the 2012 Equity Plan will continue in accordance with the terms of the 2012 Equity Plan and any award agreement executed in connection with such outstanding awards. At the Effective Time of the reverse stock split, proportionate adjustments were made to the number of shares covered by, and the exercise price applicable to, each outstanding stock option award under the 2012 Equity Plan to give effect to the Split Ratio and the reverse stock split.

Under the Company’s 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, the Company maycould grant shares, stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance cash awards and/or options to employees, directors, consultants, and other service providers. For options, the per share exercise price maycould not be less than the fair market value of a Company common share on the date of grant. Awards generally vest and become exercisable over three to four years and expire 10 years from the date of grant. Options generally become exercisable as they vest following the date of grant.

On March 9, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company approved an amendment to the Company’s 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Equity Plan”) to increase the number of shares of the Company’s common stock authorized for issuance under the Equity Plan by 16,050,000 shares, and to increase the annual maximum aggregate number of shares subject to stock option awards that may be granted to any one person under the Equity Plan during a calendar year to 7,500,000.

A summary of stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 20192020 under all of the Company’s options plans is as follows:

The weighted average fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 20192020 was $1.10$5.13 per share.

The Company valued the options granted using the Black-Scholes options pricing model and the following weighted-average assumption terms for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020, 2019::

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss as follows:

At September 30, 2019,2020, the Company had $1.0$3.8 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to outstanding stock options that will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.72.4 years.

10.7. License and Collaboration Agreements

Kite Agreement

On May 30, 2019, the Company entered into a collaboration agreement (the “Kite Agreement”) with Kite Pharmaceuticals, Inc., pursuant to which the Company and Kite will conductare conducting a multi-center Phase 1b/2 study of lenzilumab with Kite’s Yescarta in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (“DLBCL”). The primary objective of the Studystudy is to determine the effect of lenzilumab on the safety of Yescarta.

Pursuant to the Kite Agreement, the Company shall supply Lenzlenzilumab to the collaboration for use in the study and will contribute up to approximately $8.0 million towards the out-of-pocket costs of the study, depending on the number of patients enrolled into the study. During the month of September 2020, the Company paid $2.0 million to Kite towards its contribution for the study, which payment was recorded as Research and development expense in the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Mayo Agreement

On June 19, 2019 the Company entered into an exclusive worldwide license agreement (the “Mayo Agreement”) with the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (“Mayo”) for certain technologies used to create CAR-T cells lacking GM-CSF expression through various gene-editing tools including CRISPR-Cas9 (GM-CSF knock-out). The license covers various patent applications and know-how developed by Mayo in collaboration with the Company. These licensed technologies complement and broaden the Company’s position in the GM-CSF neutralization space and expand the Company’s discovery platform aimed at improving CAR-T to include gene-edited CAR-T cells.

Pursuant to the Mayo Agreement, the Company willagreed to pay $200,000 to Mayo within six months of the effective date, or upon completion of a qualified financing, whichever is earlier. The Mayo Agreement also requires the payment of milestones and royalties upon the achievement of certain regulatory and commercialization milestones. The initial payment was recorded as Research and development expense in June 2019. The Company accruedpaid the initial payment in Accrued expenses inJune 2020 subsequent to the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet asclosing of September 30, 2019.the Private Placement.

Zurich Agreement

On July 19, 2019 the Company entered into an exclusive worldwide license agreement (the “Zurich Agreement”) with the University of Zurich (“UZH”) for technology used to prevent or treat Graft versus Host Disease (“GvHD”) through GM-CSF neutralization. The Zurich Agreement covers various patent applications filed by UZH which complement and broaden the Company’s position in the application of GM-CSF and expands the Company’s development platform to include improving allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (“HSCT”).

Pursuant to the Zurich Agreement, the Company paid $100,000 to UZH in July 2019. The Zurich Agreement also requires the payment of annual maintenance fees and milestones and royalties upon the achievement of certain regulatory and commercialization milestones. The license payment of $100,000 was recorded as expense in Research and development expense in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss as of September 30,July 2019.

11.

Clinical Trial Agreement with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

On July 24, 2020, the Company entered into a clinical trial agreement (the “Clinical Trial Agreement”) with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (“NIAID”), part of NIH, which is part of the United States Government Department of Health and Human Services, as represented by the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Pursuant to the Clinical Trial Agreement, lenzilumab will be an agent to be evaluated in NIAID-sponsored Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV)-5 and Big Effect Trial (“BET”), referred to as ACTIV-5/BET, in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

The NIH created the Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) public-private partnership and selected lenzilumab to be evaluated in its ACTIV-5/BET, which will compare lenzilumab with Gilead’s investigational antiviral, remdesivir, versus placebo plus remdesivir in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The trial is expected to enroll 100 patients in each arm of the study with an interim analysis for efficacy after 50 patients have been enrolled in each arm.

Pursuant to the Clinical Trial Agreement, NIAID will serve as sponsor and will be responsible for funding, supervising and overseeing ACTIV-5/BET. The Company will be responsible for providing lenzilumab to NIAID without charge and in quantities to ensure a sufficient supply of lenzilumab. The Clinical Trial Agreement imposes additional obligations on the Company that are reasonable and customary for clinical trial agreements of this nature, including in respect of compliance with data privacy laws and potential indemnification obligations.

8. Savant Arrangements

On June 30, 2016 the Company and Savant Neglected Diseases, LLC (“Savant”) entered into an Agreement for the Manufacture, Development and Commercialization of Benznidazole for Human Use (the “MDC Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company acquired certain worldwide rights relating to benznidazole (the “Compound”).

In addition, on the Effective Date the Company and Savant also entered into a Security Agreement (the “Security Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company granted Savant a continuing senior security interest in the assets and rights acquired by the Company pursuant to the MDC Agreement and certain future assets developed from those acquired assets.

On the Effective Date,effective date, the Company issued to Savant a five yearfive-year warrant (the “Warrant”) to purchase 200,00040,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock, at an exercise price of $2.25$11.25 per share, subject to adjustment. TheAs of June 30, 2020, the Warrant iswas exercisable for 25% of the shares immediately and exercisable for the remaining shares upon reaching certain regulatory related milestones. As of September 30, 2019 the number of shares for which the Warrant is currently exercisable totals 100,00020,000 shares at an exercise price of $2.25$11.25 per share. On July 20, 2020, the Company issued to Savant a total of 10,909 shares of its common stock pursuant to a “net exercise” of the Warrant by Savant. The Warrant is not expected to vest or become exercisable for any additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

As a result of the FDA granting accelerated and conditional approval of a benznidazole therapy manufactured by a competitor for the treatment of Chagas disease and awarding such competitor a neglected tropical disease PRV in August 2017, the Company ceased development of benznidazole and re-evaluated the final two vesting milestones and concluded that the probability of achievement of these milestones had decreased to 0%.

In July 2017, the Company commenced litigation against Savant alleging that Savant breached the MDC Agreement and seeking a declaratory judgement. Savant has asserted counterclaims for breaches of contract under the MDC Agreement and the Security Agreement. The dispute primarily concerns the Company’s right under the MDC Agreement to offset certain costs incurred by the Company in excess of the agreed upon budget against payments due Savant. See Note 12,9, below, for more information regarding the Savant litigation. The aggregate cost overages as of June 30, 2017 that the Company asserts are Savant’s responsibility total approximately $3.4 million, net of a $0.5 million deductible. The Company asserts that it is entitled to offset $2.0 million in milestone payments due Savant against the cost overages, such that as of June 30, 2017, Savant owed the Company approximately $1.4 million. As of June 30, 2019, the cost overages totaled $4.1 million such that Savant owed the Company approximately $2.1 million in cost overages. Such cost overages have been charged to Research and development expense as incurred. Recovery of such cost overages, if any, will be recorded as a reduction of Research and development expense in the period received.

The $2.0 million in milestone payments due Savant are included in Accrued expenses in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetSheets as of September 30, 20192020 and December 31, 2018.2019.

12.9. Litigation

Savant Litigation

On July 10, 2017, the Company filed a complaint against Savant Neglected Diseases, LLC (“Savant”) in the Superior Court for the State of Delaware, New Castle County (the “Delaware Court”). KaloBios Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Savant Neglected Diseases, LLC, No. N17C-07-068 PRW-CCLD. The Company asserted breach of contract and declaratory judgment claims against Savant arising under the MDC Agreement. See Note 118 - “Savant Arrangements” for more information about the MDC Agreement. The Company alleges that Savant has breached its MDC Agreement obligations to pay cost overages that exceed a budgetary threshold as well as other related MDC Agreement representations and obligations. In the litigation, the Company has alleged that as of June 30, 2017, Savant was responsible for aggregate cost overages of approximately $3.4 million, net of a $0.5 million deductible under the MDC. The Company asserts that it is entitled to offset $2.0 million in milestone payments due Savant against the cost overages, such that as of June 30, 2017 Savant owed the Company approximately $1.4 million.

On July 12, 2017, Savant removed the case to the Bankruptcy Court, claiming that the action is related to or arises under the Bankruptcy Case from which we emerged in July 2016.In re KaloBios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., No. 15-12628 (LSS) (Bankr. D. Del.). On July 27, 2017, Savant filed an Answer and Counterclaims. Savant’s filing alleges breaches of contracts under the MDC Agreement and the Security Agreement, claiming that the Company breached its obligations to pay the milestone payments and other related representations and obligations.

On August 1, 2017, the Company moved to remand the case back to the Delaware Court (the “Motion to Remand”).

On August 2, 2017, Savant sent a foreclosure notice to the Company, demanding that it provide the Collateral as defined in the Security Agreement for inspection and possession on August 9, 2017, with a public sale to be held on September 1, 2017. The Company moved for a Temporary Restraining Order (the “TRO”) and Preliminary Injunction in the Bankruptcy Court on August 4, 2017. Savant responded on August 7, 2017. On August 7, 2017, the Bankruptcy Court granted the Company’s motion for a TRO, entering an order prohibiting Savant from collecting on or selling the Collateral, entering our premises, issuing any default notices to us, or attempting to exercise any other remedies under the MDC Agreement or the Security Agreement. TheOn August 9, 2017, the parties have stipulated to continue the provisions of the TRO in full force and effect until further order of the appropriate court.court, which the Bankruptcy Court signed that same day (the “Stipulated Order”).

On January 22, 2018, Savant wrote to the Bankruptcy Court requesting dissolution of the TRO.TRO and the Stipulated Order. On January 29, 2018, the Bankruptcy Court granted the Motion to Remand and denied Savant’s request to dissolve the TRO and Stipulated Order, ordering that any request to dissolve the TRO and Stipulated Order be made to the Delaware Court.

On February 13, 2018 Savant made a letter request to the Delaware Superior Court to dissolve the TRO.TRO and Stipulated Order. Also, on February 13, 2018, the Company filed its Answer and Affirmative defenses to Savant’s Counterclaims. On February 15, 2018 the Company filed a letter opposition to Savant’s request to dissolve the TRO and Stipulated Order and requesting a status conference. A hearing on Savant’s request to dissolve the TRO and Stipulated Order was held before the Delaware Superior Court on March 19, 2018. The Delaware Superior Court denied Savant’s request to dissolve the TRO and the TRO remainsStipulated order, which remain in effect.

On April 11, 2018, the Company advised the Delaware Superior Court that it would meet and confer with Savant regarding a proposed case management order and date for trial. On April 26, 2018 the Delaware Superior Court so-ordered a proposed case management order submitted by the Company and Savant. The schedule in the case management order was modified by stipulation on August 24, 2018.

On April 8, 2019, the Company moved to compel Savant to produce documents in response to the Company’s document requests.  The parties thereafter agreed to a discovery schedule through June 30, 2019, which the Superior Court so-ordered, and the parties produced documents to each other. 

On June 4, 2019, Savant filed a complaint against the Company and Madison Joint Venture LLC (“Madison”) in the Delaware Court of Chancery (the “Chancery Action”) seeking to “recover as damages that amounts owed to it under the MDC Agreement, and to reclaim Savant’s intellectual property,” among other things.  Savant also requested leave to move to dismiss the Company’s complaint on the grounds that the Company’s transfer of assets to Madison was champertous.  On June 10, 2019, the Company requested by letter that the Superior Court hold a contempt hearing because the Chancery Action violated the TRO entered by the Bankruptcy Court, the terms of which have been extended by stipulation of the parties.  On June 18, 2019, the Superior Court held a telephonic status conference.  The parties agreed that the Chancery Action should be consolidated with the Superior Court action, after which the Superior Court would address the parties’ motions. 

On July 22, 2019, the Company moved for contempt against Savant.  Savant filed its opposition on July 29, 2019.  On August 12, 2019, the Superior Court denied the Company’s motion for contempt. 

On July 23, 2019, Savant moved for summary judgment on the issue of champerty.  The Company filed its response and cross-motion for summary judgment on August 27, 2019.  Savant filed its reply on September 10, 2019 and the Company filed its cross-reply on September 20, 2019.  The motion is fully briefed but no argument dateand was argued at a hearing on February 3, 2020.  The court has been set.   not yet ruled on the motion.

On July 26, 2019, the Company moved to modify the previously agreed-upon discovery schedule to extend discovery through December 31, 2019, which the Superior Court granted.  In subsequent orders, the discovery schedule was further extended until the end of June 2020.

On July 30, 2019, the Company filed a motion to dismiss Savant’s Chancery Court complaint.Action.  Savant filed an amended complaint on September 4, 2019, and the Company filed its opening brief in support of its motion to dismiss on October 11, 2019.  Savant’s oppositionThat motion is duefully briefed and was argued at a hearing on November 22, 2019, andFebruary 3, 2020. The court has not yet ruled on the Company’s reply is due on December 11, 2019. motion.

On August 19, 2019, Savant moved to dismiss the Company’s amended Superior Court complaint.  On September 27, 2019, the Company filed an opposition to Savant’s motion and, in the alternative, requested leave to file a second amended complaint against Savant.  Savant consented to the filing of the second amended complaint and withdrew their motion to dismiss.  Savant filed a partial motion to dismiss against a co-defendant on October 30, 2019.  That motion is fully briefed and was argued at a hearing on February 3, 2020. At the February 3, 2020 hearing, the Court reserved judgment on the parties’ reciprocal motions.

13.On May 22, 2020, upon the request of the parties, the Superior Court stayed both Delaware actions until July 29, 2020.

On June 30, 2020, Savant exercised 20,000 warrants in a cashless exercise resulting in 10,909 shares being issued to Savant.

On July 24, 2020, the parties submitted a joint status report in the Delaware actions. The parties also requested a status conference with the Court to discuss moving the trial from October 2020 to some later time.

On August 20, 2020, the Court held the requested status conference and ordered that a consolidated trial for the Superior Court Action and Chancery Action would be held in April 2021. The parties subsequently agreed to a five-day trial starting on April 12, 2021.

On October 7, 2020, Savant moved for leave to amend its complaint in the Chancery Action to add a claim for breach of contract related to its exercise of 20,000 warrants. Savant claims that the Company’s issuance of 10,909 shares was insufficient under the warrant.

Private Placement Litigation

On June 15, 2020, a complaint was filed against Humanigen and Dr. Durrant in the Commercial Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York. The case caption is Alliance Texas Holdings, LLC et al. v. Humanigen, Inc. et al., Index No. 652490/2020 (“Alliance Texas Holdings Case”). The plaintiffs in the Alliance Texas Holdings Case comprise a group of 17 prospective investors introduced to Humanigen by Noble Capital Markets, Inc. (“Noble”), which had been engaged as a non-exclusive placement agent in connection with the Private Placement. The plaintiffs had indicated interest in purchasing shares of common stock in the Private Placement but, due to the strength of demand for shares from other prospective investors introduced to the company by J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, the lead placement agent for the Private Placement, the plaintiffs were not allocated any investment amount. The plaintiffs allege that the Company and Dr. Durrant breached a contractual obligation to deliver shares of common stock to the plaintiffs. The plaintiffs seek to recover for losses due to alleged fraudulent misstatements and the Company’s failure to deliver shares to them, and seek equitable relief in the form of specific performance. The Defendants filed a Motion to Dismiss the Complaint in the Alliance Texas Holdings Case on July 24, 2020. The Parties completed briefing on the Motion to Dismiss on September 4, 2020. The Motion to Dismiss is currently being considered by the court.

On June 19, 2020, Noble filed a separate complaint against Humanigen in the Circuit Court of the Fifteenth Judicial Circuit in and for Palm Beach County, Florida, also arising from the Private Placement. On July 13, 2020, the Defendants removed Noble’s complaint to United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida. The case caption is Noble Capital Markets, Inc. v. Humanigen, Inc., Case No. 9:20-CV-81131-WPD (the “Noble Case”). Noble’s complaint alleges that Humanigen breached the terms of its engagement letters with Noble by refusing to pay it the sales commissions it would have earned had its prospective investors received the entire allocation of shares sought in the Private Placement, as opposed to the $4 million of shares actually allocated to Noble and its clients. Noble is seeking payment in full of the commission, damages for Humanigen’s alleged tortious interference with Noble’s business relationship with the investors it introduced to Humanigen, but which were not allocated shares in the Private Placement, and attorneys’ fees. The Defendants filed a Motion to Dismiss Counts II-V of the Complaint in the Noble Case on July 20, 2020. The Parties completed briefing on the Motion to Dismiss on August 26, 2020. The Motion to Dismiss is currently being considered by the court.

The Company believes that the claims made in each complaint are without merit, and it is prepared to defend itself vigorously.

10. Subsequent Events

On October 8, 2019,5, 2020, the Company’s Compensation Committee determined that the Company had achieved or exceeded the original fiscal year 2020 performance criteria and objectives, previously established in connection with the Company’s 2020 annual incentive plan. As a result, the Board (with Dr. Cameron Durrant, the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, abstaining) unanimously approved the acceleration of the payout of a portion of Dr. Durrant’s fiscal year 2020 bonus. Dr. Durrant will remain eligible to receive additional payouts under the 2020 annual incentive plan to the extent the Board determines that the Company has achieved certain additional and stretch goals for 2020.

Based on the Company’s achievement of certain pre-established fiscal year 2020 performance criteria and objectives, Dr. Durrant was awarded a fiscal year 2020 bonus of $1,512,000, with 50% of such bonus being paid in cash and 50% being awarded in stock options. The options were fully vested on the grant date.

On October 13, 2020 the Company announced that the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of NIH, launched its ACTIV-5 "Big Effect Trial" (ACTIV-5/BET), designed to determine whether certain approved therapies or investigational drugs in late-stage clinical development show promise against COVID-19 and, therefore, merit advancement into larger clinical trials. ACTIV-5/BET, which is expected to enroll at as many as 40 US sites, will evaluate lenzilumab with remdesivir, compared to placebo and remdesivir, in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with approximately 100 patients expected to be assigned to each study arm. Humanigen is providing lenzilumab for the study, which is fully funded by NIH.

On October 29, 2020, the Company entered into an amended and restated employment agreement (the “New Agreement”) with Dr. Durrant. The New Agreement replaces Dr. Durrant’s previous employment agreement with the Company (the “Prior Agreement”).

Consistent with the terms of the Prior Agreement, the New Agreement provides that Dr. Durrant’s annual base salary will remain at $600,000 and he will remain eligible for an annual bonus targeted at 60% of his base salary, with Dr. Durrant’s base salary and target bonus subject to review by the Board in connection with its regular review of the Company’s executive compensation program. The New Agreement provides for a term ending December 31, 2021, with such term extending automatically for successive one year terms thereafter unless either Dr. Durrant or the Company gives six months prior notice of non-renewal.

Under the New Agreement, Dr. Durrant is entitled to receive certain benefits upon termination of employment under certain circumstances. If the Company terminates Dr. Durrant’s employment for any reason other than “Cause”, or if Dr. Durrant resigns for “Good Reason” (each as such term is defined in the New Agreement), Dr. Durrant will receive a lump sum payment equal to the sum of (i) his then-current annual salary and (ii) the amount of the annual bonus earned by Dr. Durrant for the year prior to the year of termination.

The New Agreement additionally provides that if Dr. Durrant resigns for Good Reason or the Company terminates his employment other than for Cause within the three month period prior to or the two year period following a change in control (as such term is defined in the New Agreement), the Company must pay or cause its successor to pay Dr. Durrant a lump sum cash payment equal to two times (a) his annual salary plus (b) the aggregate bonus received by Dr. Durrant for the year immediately preceding the change in control. In addition, upon such a resignation or termination, Dr. Durrant will also be entitled to be reimbursed for certain monthly health plan continuation premiums for up to 18 months, and all outstanding stock options held by Dr. Durrant will immediately vest and become exercisable.

On November 3, 2020, the Company entered into a License Agreement (the “License Agreement”) with KPM Tech Co., Ltd. (“KPM Tech”) and its affiliate, Telcon RF Pharmaceutical, Inc. (together with KPM Tech, the “Licensee”). Pursuant to the License Agreement, among other things, the Company granted the Licensee a license under certain patents and other intellectual property to develop and commercialize the Company’s lead product candidate, lenzilumab, for treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia, in South Korea and the Philippines, subject to certain reservations and limitations. The Licensee will be responsible for gaining regulatory approval for, and subsequent commercialization of, lenzilumab in those territories.

As consideration for the license, the Licensee has agreed to pay the Company (i) an up-front license fee of $6.0 million, payable promptly following the execution of the License Agreement, (ii) up to an aggregate of $14.0 million in two payments based on achievement by the Company of two specified milestones in the US, and (iii) subsequent to the receipt by the Licensee of the requisite regulatory approvals, double-digit royalties on the net sales of lenzilumab in South Korea and the Philippines. The Licensee has agreed to certain development and commercial performance obligations. It is expected that the Company will supply lenzilumab to the Licensee for a minimum of 7.5 years at a cost plus basis from an existing or future manufacturer. The Licensee has agreed to certain minimum purchases of lenzilumab on an annual basis.

On November 5, 2020, the Company and the lenders agreed to extendDepartment of Defense (DoD) Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (JPEO-CBRND or JPEO) entered into a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (“CRADA”) in collaboration with the maturity dateBiomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), part of the 2019 Bridge Notes from October 1, 2019 until December 31, 2019 and to waive any prior default up to and including the dateOffice of the amendment. See Note 7Assistant Secretary for more information.Preparedness and Response (ASPR) at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), in support of Operation Warp Speed (“OWS”), to assist in the development of lenzilumab in advance of a potential Emergency Use Authorization (“EUA”) for COVID-19.

Pursuant to the CRADA, the Company will be provided access to a full-scale, integrated team of OWS manufacturing, and regulatory subject matter experts, leading decision makers and statistical support in anticipation of applying for EUA and subsequently a Biologics License Application (“BLA”), for lenzilumab as a potential treatment for COVID-19. The CRADA also provides that OWS regulatory experts will work with the Company on U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) communications, meetings and regulatory filings. The CRADA aims to support the ongoing lenzilumab Phase 3 clinical trials, focusing on efficiently generating an EUA and BLA submission. In addition to providing access under EUA, a goal of the CRADA is to ensure lenzilumab receives the benefits provided by Public Law 115-92.

You should read the following discussion and analysis together with our financial statements and the notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our 20182019 Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.2019. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains statements that discuss future events or expectations, projections of results of operations or financial condition, trends in our business, business prospects and strategies and other “forward-looking” information. In some cases, you can identify “forward-looking statements” by words like “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “intends,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of those words and other comparable words. These statements may relate to, among other things, our expectations regarding the scope, progress, expansion, and costs of researching, developing and commercializing our product candidates; our opportunity to benefit from various regulatory incentives; expectations for our financial results, revenue, operating expenses and other financial measures in future periods; and the adequacy of our sources of liquidity to satisfy our working capital needs, capital expenditures, and other liquidity requirements. Actual events orAmong the factors that could cause actual results mayto differ materially dueare the factors discussed under “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, and each subsequently filed Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Some additional factors that could cause actual results to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors such as:differ include:

These are only some of the factors that may affect the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q. For a discussion identifying additional important factors that could cause actual results to vary materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, see “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I of our 20182019 Form 10-K. You should review these risk factors for a more complete understanding of the risks associated with an investment in our securities. However, we operate in a competitive and rapidly changing environment and new risks and uncertainties emerge, are identified or become apparent from time to time. It is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q. You should be aware that the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q are based on our current views and assumptions. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-Q to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.

Overview

We were incorporated on March 15, 2000 in California and reincorporated as a Delaware corporation in September 2001 under the name KaloBios Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Effective August 7, 2017, we changed our legal name to Humanigen, Inc.

During February 2018, we completed the financial restructuring transactions announced in December 2017 and furtheredcontinued our transformation into a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company pursuing cutting-edge science to developby further developing our proprietaryclinical stage portfolio of immuno-oncology and immunology monoclonal antibodies to enhance T-cell engaging therapies for various oncology indications, potentially making these treatments safer, more effective and more efficiently administered. The Company has sharpened its focus to develop novel cell therapies leveraging its understanding of a potentially key pathway which includes its antibody and gene-editing assets.antibodies.

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developingfocusing our portfolioefforts on the development of next-generation cell and gene therapies for the treatment of cancers via our novel humanlead product candidate, lenzilumab™, our proprietary Humaneered® (“Humaneered”) anti-human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (“GM-CSF”) neutralization and gene-knockout platforms. Asmonoclonal antibody. Lenzilumab is a leadermonoclonal antibody that has been demonstrated in animal models to neutralize GM-CSF, pathway science,a cytokine that we believe that we haveis of critical importance in the abilityhyperinflammatory cascade, sometimes referred to transformas cytokine release syndrome (“CRS”) or cytokine storm, associated with COVID-19, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (“CAR-T”) therapy and acute Graft versus Host Disease (“GvHD”) associated with bone marrow transplants. GM-CSF neutralization with lenzilumab has been shown to reduce downstream inflammatory cytokines, prevent CRS and reduce its associated neurologic toxicities in-vivo in validated preclinical human xenograft models (Blood. 2019 Feb 14;133(7):697-709).

Lenzilumab is currently in a broad rangephase 3, multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled registrational trial for hospitalized, hypoxic patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Based on our discussions with FDA, including a recent type B meeting, we believe that the phase 3 trial could lead to a potential filing of other T-cell engagingan Emergency Use Authorization (“EUA”) application if data warrant such a filing. If the EUA were filed and granted, we could begin commercialization. We also intend to file a Biologics license application (“BLA”) in 2021. Based on discussions with FDA, we understand that a BLA will require us to generate and present more clinical data than would be required to support an EUA.

We recently announced the results of an interim analysis of Phase 3 data of lenzilumab in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. This interim analysis suggested that lenzilumab had a clinically meaningful impact on patient recovery, with an estimated 37 percent more recoveries observed in the lenzilumab arm of the randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study versus current standard of care (SOC). Based on the interim analysis the data safety monitoring board (DSMB) recommended increasing the target number of events (recoveries) from 257 to 402 to maintain the power of the study at 90 percent. The adaptive trial design only allows for the addition of patients if interim data are in the “promising zone” (i.e., achieving or surpassing an average improvement in recoveries of 29 percent (hazard ratio (HR) >1.29) through day 28). The company remains blinded to the data and based on the recommended number of events, the HR was calculated to be 1.37, an average of 37 percent more recoveries observed in the lenzilumab arm compared to the control arm. At the recommendation of the DSMB, we plan to increase enrollment to achieve 402 events (approximately 515 patients). The next interim analysis for efficacy is planned when the study reaches 75 percent events (302 events) which will require approximately 390 patients to be enrolled in the trial. We intend to file for EUA in the first quarter of 2021 either following interim data at 75 percent or at study completion. This Phase 3 trial is enrolling at sites across the U.S. and Latin America. Current enrollment stands at 300 patients.

We recently announced that lenzilumab will be included in the ACTIV-5 “Big Effect Trial” (ACTIV-5/BET). This study is sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (“NIH”). ACTIV-5/BET is designed to determine whether certain approved therapies including both autologousor investigational drugs in late-stage clinical development show promise against COVID-19 and, therefore, merit advancement into larger clinical trials. ACTIV-5/BET, which is expected to enroll at as many as 40 US sites, will evaluate lenzilumab with remdesivir, compared to placebo and remdesivir, in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, with approximately 100 patients expected to be assigned to each study arm. We are providing lenzilumab for the study, which is fully funded by NIH.

Lenzilumab is also being studied in a multicenter phase 1b/2 potential registrational trial as a sequenced therapy with Yescarta® (axicabtagene ciloleucel) to reduce CRS and neurotoxicity in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (“DLBCL”). This trial is being conducted in partnership with Kite Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Gilead company (“Kite”), which markets Yescarta. We are also in the final planning stages for a Phase 2/3 trial for lenzilumab to treat patients who have undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Theretherapy (“HSCT”) who are at high risk for acute GvHD. The trial is expected to be conducted by the IMPACT Partnership, a direct correlation betweencollection of 23 stem cell transplant centers located in the efficacy of CAR-T therapy and the incidence of life-threatening toxicities (referred to as the efficacy/toxicity linkage).United Kingdom.

Our proprietary, patented Humaneered technology platform is a method for converting existing antibodies (typically murine) into engineered, high-affinity human antibodies designed for therapeutic use, particularly with acute and chronic conditions. We have developed or in-licensed targets or research antibodies, typically from academic institutions, and then applied our Humaneered technology to produce them. Lenzilumab and our other two product candidates, ifabotuzumab and HGEN005, are Humaneered monoclonal antibodies. Our Humaneered antibodies are closer to human antibodies than chimeric or conventionally humanized antibodies and have a high affinity for their target but low immunogenicity. We believe that our GM-CSF neutralizationHumaneered antibodies offer additional advantages, such as lower likelihood to induce an inappropriate immune response or infusion related reactions, high potency, and gene-editing CAR-T platform technologies have the potential to reduce the inflammatory cascade associated with serious and potentially life-threatening CAR-T therapy-related side effects while preserving and potentially improving the efficacy of the CAR-T therapy itself, thereby breaking the efficacy/toxicity linkage. Clinical correlative analysis and pre-clinicalin-vivo evidence points to GM-CSF as the key initiator of the inflammatory cascade resulting in CAR-T therapy’s side-effects. GM-CSF has also been linked to the suppressive myeloid cell axis through recruitment of myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSCs”) that reduce CAR-T cell expansion and hamper CAR-T cell efficacy. Our strategy is to continue to pioneer the use of GM-CSF neutralization and GM-CSF gene knockout technologies to improve efficacy and prevent or significantly reduce the serious side-effects associated with CAR-T therapy.a slow off-rate.

We believe thatEffective as of 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time on September 11, 2020 (the “Effective Time”), we amended our GM-CSF pathway science, assets and expertise create two technology platformscharter to assisteffect a reverse stock split at a ratio of 1-for-5. At the Effective Time, each holder of our common stock had its ownership adjusted to reflect ownership of one share of common stock for every five shares of common stock held immediately prior to the Effective Time. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the developmentreverse stock split. Stockholders of next-generation CAR-T therapies. Lenzilumab, our proprietary Humaneered® anti-GM-CSF immunotherapy, has the potentialrecord otherwise entitled to be usedreceive fractional shares of common stock received cash (without interest or deduction) in combination with any United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”)-approved or development stage T-cell therapies, including CAR-T therapy, as well as in combination with other cell therapieslieu of such as allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (“HSCT”), to make these treatments safer and more effective. In addition, our GM-CSF knockout gene-editing CAR-T platform has the potential to create next-generation CAR-T therapies that may inherently avoid any efficacy/toxicity linkage, thereby potentially preserving the benefits of the CAR-T therapy while reducing or altogether avoiding its serious and potentially life-threatening side-effects.fractional share interests.

The par value per share and other terms of our common stock were not affected by the reverse stock split, and the number of authorized shares of our common stock will remain at 225,000,000. The reverse stock split reduced the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding as of the Effective Time from approximately 210.9 million shares to approximately 42.2 million shares. Following the Effective Time, the CUSIP number for our common stock changed to 444863203. Unless stated otherwise, all share numbers and share price figures in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been adjusted, as appropriate, to reflect the reverse stock split.

Our immediate focus is combining FDA-approved and development stage CAR-T therapiesPipeline

In addition to our programs with lenzilumab, our proprietary Humaneered® anti-human-GM-CSF immunotherapy, which is our lead product candidate. A clinical collaboration with Kite Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Gilead company (“Kite”), was recently announced to evaluate the use of lenzilumab with Yescarta®, axicabtagene ciloleucel (“Yescarta” or “Yescarta®”), in a multicenter clinical trial in adults with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma. We are also focused on creating next-generation combinatory gene-edited CAR-T therapies using strategies to improve efficacy while employing GM-CSF gene knockout technologies to control toxicity. We are also developing our own portfolio of proprietary first-in-class EphA3-CAR-Ts for various solid cancers and EMR1-CAR-Ts for various eosinophilic disorders. Wewe are also exploring the effectiveness of our GM-CSF neutralization technologies (either through the use of lenzilumab as a neutralizing antibody, or through GM-CSF gene knockout) in combination with other CAR-T, T-cell engaging, and immunotherapy treatments to break the efficacy/toxicity linkage including the prevention and/or treatment of graft-versus-host diseaseGvHD while preserving graft-versus-leukemia (“GvHD”GvL”) benefits in patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT. We have established several partnerships with leading institutionshematopoietic stem cell therapy (“HSCT”). In this context, GvHD is akin to advance our innovative cellcytokine storm and gene therapy pipeline.

Lenzilumab

Lenzilumab, our lead product candidate, iswe believe this to be a clinical-stageHumaneeredmonoclonal antibody that neutralizessimilar mechanism and driven by elevated GM-CSF and has the potential to prevent or reduce certain serious side-effects associated with CAR-T therapy and improve upon the efficacy of CAR-T therapy. Pre-clinical data generated by the Mayo Clinic (the “Mayo Clinic”) in collaboration with Humanigen indicates that the use of lenzilumab in combination with CAR-T therapy may also enhance the proliferation and improve the efficacy of the CAR-T therapy. This may also result in durable, or longer term, responses.levels.

We are continuing to advance the development of lenzilumab in combination with CAR-T therapy throughbelieve that we have built a non-exclusive clinical collaboration with Kite pursuant to which we will conduct a multi-center Phase 1b/2 study of lenzilumab with Kite’s Yescarta in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (“DLBCL”) (the “Study”). The primary objective of the Study is to determine the effect of lenzilumab on the safety of Yescarta. Kite’s Yescarta is one of two CAR-T therapies that have been approved by the FDA, is currently the CAR-T therapy market leader and our collaboration with Kite is currently the only clinical collaboration with the potential to improve both the safety and efficacy of CAR-T therapy. We also plan to measure other potentially beneficial effects on efficacy and healthcare resource utilization. In addition, lenzilumab’s success in preventing serious and potentially life-threatening side-effects could offer economic benefits to medical system payersstrong intellectual property position in the United Statesarea of GM-CSF neutralization through multiple approaches and abroadmechanisms, as they pertain to COVID-19, CAR-T, GvHD and multiple other oncology/transplantation, inflammation, fibrosis and autoimmune conditions which may be driven by making the CAR-T therapy capable of being administered, and follow-up care subsequently monitored and managed, potentially on an out-patient basis in certain patients and circumstances. In turn, we believe that delivering such provider and payer benefits might accelerate the use of the CAR-T therapy itself, and thereby permit us to generate further revenues from sales of lenzilumab.GM-CSF.

In addition toOur clinical-stage pipeline also comprises a further Phase 1 study which is almost fully enrolled with ifabotuzumab in glioblastoma multiforme (“GBM”) and potentially other solid cancers and an additional Phase 2 study in CMML. We also have a focus on creating safer and more effective CAR-T therapy, we are committed to advancing our diverse platform for GM-CSF axis suppression for a broad range of other T-cell engaging therapies including both autologousin hematologic malignancies and allogeneic CAR-T 2.0 therapies, bi-specific antibody therapies, as well as other cell-based immunotherapies in development, including allogeneic HSCT, with our current and future partners.solid tumors via three key modalities:

In July 2019, we entered into an exclusive worldwide license agreement (the “Zurich Agreement”) withThese product candidates are in the Universityearly stage of Zurich (“UZH”). Under the Zurich Agreement, wedevelopment and will require substantial time, resources, research and development, and regulatory approval prior to commercialization. Furthermore, none of these product candidates have in-licensed certain technologies that we believebeen approved for marketing and it may be usedyears before such approval is granted, if at all. Our current pipeline is depicted below:

Lenzilumab in COVID-19

Phase 3 top-line data readout expected Q1 2021

Clinical-Stage Pipeline: Non COVID-19

¹ Phase III may not be necessary for approval in ZUMA-19; precedent is CAR-Ts to prevent or treat GvHD, thereby expanding our development platform to include improvingdate have been approved on Phase II data

² UK

³ US, EU, Australia

⁴ Australia

As of September 30, 2020, the safetyCompany had cash and effectivenesscash equivalents of allogeneic HSCT, a potentially curative therapy for patients with hematological cancers. There are currently no FDA-approved agents for the prevention of GvHD nor treatment of GvHD in patients identified as high risk by certain biomarkers.$91.4 million. We believe that GM-CSF neutralization with lenzilumab hasthe net proceeds from our recent underwritten public offering will be sufficient to fund our planned operations and capital expenditure requirements for at least 12 months. This evaluation is based on relevant conditions and events that are currently known or reasonably knowable. As a result, we could deplete our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect, and a delay in obtaining or failure to obtain an EUA could further constrain our cash resources. We have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and our operating projections, including our projected net revenue following the potential to prevent or treat GvHD without compromising, and potentially improving, the beneficial graft-versus-leukemia (“GvL”) effect in patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT, thereby making allogeneic HSCT safer. We aim to position lenzilumab as a “must have” companion product to any allogeneic HSCT and as a partreceipt of the standard pre-conditioning that all patients receiving allogeneic HSCT should receive or as an early treatment option in patients identified as high riskEUA for GvHD.

Given our focus on developing lenzilumab in the treatment of rare cancers, we believe that we have the opportunity to benefit from various regulatory incentives, such as orphan drug exclusivity, breakthrough therapy designation, fast track designation, priority review and accelerated approval.

GM-CSF Gene Knockout

We are advancing our GM-CSF knockout gene-editing CAR-T platform through an exclusive worldwide license agreement (the “Mayo Agreement”) that we entered into in June 2019 with the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (“Mayo Foundation”). Under the Mayo Agreement, we have in-licensed certain technologies that we believeCOVID-19 patients, may be used to create CAR-T cells lackingGM-CSFexpression through various gene-editing tools including CRISPR-Cas9. We believe that our GM-CSF knockout gene-editing CAR-T platform has the potential to create next-generation CAR-T therapies that improve the efficacy and safety profile of CAR-T therapy.

Preclinical data indicates that GM-CSF gene knockout CAR-T cells show improved overall survival compared to wild-type CAR-T cells in addition to the expected benefits of reduced serious side-effects associated with CAR-T therapy. We are establishing a platform of next-generation combinatorial gene knockout CAR-T cells that have potential to be applied across both autologous and allogeneic approaches and we are also investigating multiple CAR-T cell designs using precise dual and triple gene editing to significantly enhance the anti-tumor activity while simultaneously preventing CAR-T therapy induced toxicities.  Through targeted gene expression and modulating cytokine activation signaling, we may be able to increase the proportion of younger and fitter T-cells produced during expansion, increase the proliferative potential, and inhibit activation induced cell death, thereby improving the cancer killing activity of our engineered CAR-T cells thereby making them more effective and safer in the treatment of cancers. We plan to continue development of this technology in combination approaches that could add to the observed efficacy benefits of current generation CAR-T products. In addition, we anticipate that our GM-CSF knockout gene-editing CAR-T platform may be a future backbone for controlling the serious side-effects that hamper CAR-T therapy that lead to serious and sometimes fatal outcomes for patientschange as a result of many factors currently unknown to us. If we are unable to raise additional capital when needed or on acceptable terms, we would be forced to delay, reduce, or eliminate our research and development programs and commercialization efforts. Alternatively, we might raise funds through strategic collaborations, public or private financings or other arrangements. Such funding, if needed, may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. The financial statements included herein do not include any adjustments that might result from the CAR-T therapy itself.outcome of this uncertainty.

EphA3-CAR: Targeting Tumor Stroma and Tumor Vasculature

We are working to generate our own pipeline of CAR-T therapies including an EphA3-CAR-T based on the ifabotuzumab v-region and backbone. Ifabotuzumab is a Humaneered anti-Eph Type-A receptor 3 (“EphA3”) monoclonal antibody. Ifabotuzumab has the potential to kill tumor cells by targeting tumor stroma that protects them and the vasculature that feeds them. This unique combination of activities as a backbone of a CAR-T therapy may provide the potential to generate durable responses in a range of solid tumors by targeting the tissues that surround, protect, and nourish a growing cancer. By developing an EphA3-CAR-T using ifabotuzumab as the backbone, we may have the ability to target the tumor, tumor stroma, and tumor vasculature in a novel manner. We are collaborating with the Mayo Clinic and plan to move to clinical testing with an anti-EphA3 construct for a range of cancer types after completing Investigational New Drug (“IND”) enabling work.

EMR1-CAR: Targeting Eosinophils

Our EMR1-CAR-T product is based on the HGEN005 (anti-EMR1 Humaneered monoclonal antibody) backbone and targets the epidermal growth factor-like module containing mucin-like hormone receptor 1 (“EMR1”). Our EMR1-CAR-T based on the HGEN005 backbone is another approach in our growing platform of CAR-T therapies. We believe that because of its high selectivity, EMR1-CAR-T has significant potential to treat serious eosinophil diseases. In pre-clinical work, HGEN005’s anti-EMR1 activity resulted in dramatically enhanced killing of eosinophils from normal and eosinophilic donors and also induced a rapid and sustained depletion of eosinophils in a non-human primate model without any clinically significant adverse events. We have engaged with National Institutes of Health (“NIH”) to discuss expanding the initial work they have conducted utilizing HGEN005 and discussions are underway with a leading center in the U.S. to perform the IND enabling testing in eosinophilic leukemia, an orphan condition with significant unmet need, as well as with several other potential partners, although we cannot assure you that we will reach any agreements for these next steps.

We have incurred significant losses and had an accumulated deficit of $282.9 million as of September 30, 2019. We expect to continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future as we develop our drug candidates, expand clinical trials for our drug candidates currently in clinical development, expand our development activities and seek regulatory approvals. Significant capital is required to continue to develop and to launch a product and many expenses are incurred before revenue is received, if any. We are unable to predict the extent of any future losses or when we will receive revenue or become profitable, if at all.

We will require substantial additional capital to continue as a going concern and to support our business efforts, including obtaining regulatory approvals for our product candidates, clinical trials and other studies, and, if approved, the commercialization of our product candidates. We anticipate that we will seek additional financing from a number of sources, including, but not limited to, the sale of equity or debt securities, strategic collaborations, and licensing of our product candidates. Additional funding may not be available to us on a timely basis or at acceptable terms, if at all. Our ability to access capital when needed is not assured and, if not achieved on a timely basis, would materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate one or more of our development programs. We may also be required to sell or license to others our technologies, product candidates, or development programs that we would have preferred to develop and commercialize ourselves and on less than favorable terms, if at all. If in the best interests of our stockholders, we may also find it appropriate to enter into a strategic transaction that could result in, among other things, a sale, merger, consolidation or business combination.

If management is unsuccessful in efforts to raise additional capital, based on our current levels of operating expenses, our current capital is not expected to be sufficient to fund our operations for the next twelve months. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

The condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 were prepared on the basis of a going concern, which contemplates that we will be able to realize our assets and discharge liabilities in the normal course of business. Our ability to meet our liabilities and to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the availability of future funding. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if we are unable to continue as a going concern.

Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP. The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts and disclosures reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Our management believes judgment is involved in determining revenue recognition, valuation of financing derivative, the fair value-based measurement of stock-based compensation, accruals and warrant valuations. Our management evaluates estimates and assumptions as facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions, and those differences could be material to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. If our assumptions change, we may need to revise our estimates, or take other corrective actions, either of which may also have a material adverse effect on our statements of operations, liquidity and financial condition.

Until December 31, 2018, we qualified as an emerging growth company (“EGC”) under the JOBS Act. Emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We elected to avail ourselves of this exemption from new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, we may not be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other smaller reporting companies that are not emerging growth companies.

We ceased to be considered as an EGC as of December 31, 2018. Accordingly, we are required to adopt new accounting standards on the same timeline as other smaller reporting companies.

There were no significant and material changes in our critical accounting policies and use of estimates during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2019,2020, as compared to those disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates” in our 20182019 Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 26, 2019.16, 2020.

Results of Operations

General

We have not generated net income from operations for any periods presented. At September 30, 2019,2020, we had an accumulated deficit of $282.9342.1 million primarily as a result of research and development and general and administrative expenses. While we may in the future generate revenue from a variety of sources, including license fees, milestone payments, and research and development payments in connection with strategic partnerships, our product candidates may never be successfully developed or commercialized and we may therefore never realize revenue from any product sales, particularly because most of our product candidates are at an early stage of development. Accordingly, we expect to continue to incur substantial losses from operations for the foreseeable future, and there can be no assurance that we will ever generate significant revenue or profits.

Research and Development Expenses

Conducting research and development is central to our business model. We expense both internal and external research and development costs as incurred. We track external research and development costs incurred by project for each of our clinical programs. Our external research and development costs consist primarily of:

Other research and development costs consist primarily of internal research and development costs such as salaries and related fringe benefit costs for our employees (such as workers compensation and health insurance premiums), stock-based compensation charges, travel costs, lab supplies, overhead expenses such as rent and utilities, and external costs not allocated to one of our clinical programs. Internal research and development costs generally benefit multiple projects and are not separately tracked per project.

The following table shows our total research and development expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20192020 and 2018:2019:

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist principally of personnel-related costs, professional fees for legal and patent expenses, consulting, audit and tax services, investor and public relations costs, rent and other general operating expenses not otherwise included in research and development.

Comparison of Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

Research and development expenses increased $21.9 million from $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 to $22.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase is primarily due to increased clinical trial and clinical material manufacturing costs related to the clinical trial in COVID-19. We expect our development costs to continue to increase in the remaining three months of 2020 as a result of securing manufacturing capacity, the production of lenzilumab and the enrollment of patients in the clinical trials for COVID-19 and CAR-T therapy.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $6.8 million from $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 to $8.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase is primarily due to increased compensation costs of $2.1 million, related to the hiring of a new Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer and a new Chief Accounting and Administrative Officer, as well as an increase in bonus costs for our Chief Executive Officer, an increase in public and investor relations expense of $3.5 million, which amount includes the issuance of warrants with a fair value of $1.9 million to certain third party consultants, and an increase in legal fees of $0.6 million, incurred in connection with financing preparations and other corporate actions taken. In the third quarter of 2020, we have also incurred $0.6 million in commercial operations expense related to the hiring of a Chief Commercial Officer and the retention of consultants as we prepare for a potential commercial launch under an EUA in COVID-19. While we expect our overall general and administrative costs to decrease in the remaining three months of 2020 as compared to the third quarter, we expect that we will continue to scale our support operations in connection with the ongoing clinical trials of lenzilumab in COVID-19 and will increase our commercial operations spending in preparation for potential commercialization under an EUA.

Comparison of Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018