Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
ýQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017MARCH 31, 2019
OR 
¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM                     TO                     
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 001-33097 
GLADSTONE COMMERCIAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
MARYLAND 02-0681276
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
  
1521 WESTBRANCH DRIVE, SUITE 100
MCLEAN, VIRGINIA
 22102
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(703) 287-5800
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and formal fiscal year, if changed since last report) 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging“emerging growth company"company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 

Large accelerated filer ¨  Accelerated filer ý
    
Non-accelerated filer 
¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  Smaller reporting company ¨
    Emerging growth company ¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  ý
The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding as of October 31, 2017April 30, 2019 was 27,705,664.30,290,842.

GLADSTONE COMMERCIAL CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED
September 30, 2017March 31, 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
   
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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Gladstone Commercial Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited) 
 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
ASSETS        
Real estate, at cost $880,614
 $821,749
 $953,978
 $946,649
Less: accumulated depreciation 146,229
 131,661
 186,107
 178,257
Total real estate, net 734,385
 690,088
 767,871
 768,392
Lease intangibles, net 115,210
 105,553
 108,047
 111,448
Real estate and related assets held for sale, net 
 9,562
 
 4,151
Cash and cash equivalents 4,287
 4,658
 4,314
 6,591
Restricted cash 3,533
 3,030
 2,703
 2,491
Funds held in escrow 12,312
 6,806
 5,501
 6,010
Right-of-use assets from operating leases 5,948
 
Deferred rent receivable, net 31,030
 29,725
 35,151
 34,771
Other assets 4,094
 2,320
 5,485
 4,921
TOTAL ASSETS $904,851
 $851,742
 $935,020
 $938,775
LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY    
LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND EQUITY    
LIABILITIES        
Mortgage notes payable, net (1) $450,032
 $445,278
 $445,412
 $441,346
Borrowings under Revolver, net 43,933
 39,225
 32,335
 50,084
Borrowings under Term Loan, net 24,912
 24,892
 74,653
 74,629
Deferred rent liability, net 15,554
 12,647
 17,771
 17,305
Operating lease liabilities 5,948
 
Asset retirement obligation 3,136
 3,406
 2,907
 2,875
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 8,221
 5,891
 2,641
 2,704
Liabilities related to assets held for sale, net 
 1,041
Due to Adviser and Administrator (1) 2,250
 2,075
 2,562
 2,523
Other liabilities 7,803
 6,667
 6,902
 7,292
TOTAL LIABILITIES $555,841
 $541,122
 $591,131
 $598,758
Commitments and contingencies (2) 
 
 
 
MEZZANINE EQUITY        
Series D redeemable preferred stock, net, par value $0.001 per share; $25 per share liquidation preference; 6,000,000 shares authorized; and 3,364,900 and 2,917,458 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively (3) $81,978
 $70,743
Series D redeemable preferred stock, net, par value $0.001 per share; $25 per share liquidation preference; 6,000,000 shares authorized; and 3,509,555 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (3) $85,598
 $85,598
TOTAL MEZZANINE EQUITY $81,978
 $70,743
 $85,598
 $85,598
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY    
Series A and B redeemable preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; $25 per share liquidation preference; 5,350,000 shares authorized and 2,264,000 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively $2
 $2
Senior common stock, par value $0.001 per share; 4,450,000 shares authorized; and 928,192 and 959,552 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively 1
 1
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share, 34,200,000 and 34,040,000 shares authorized and 27,694,624 and 24,882,758 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively 28
 25
EQUITY    
Series A and B redeemable preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; $25 per share liquidation preference; 5,350,000 shares authorized and 2,264,000 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively (3) $2
 $2
Senior common stock, par value $0.001 per share; 950,000 shares authorized; and 863,177 and 866,259 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively (3) 1
 1
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share, 87,700,000 shares authorized and 29,957,594 and 29,254,899 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively (3) 30
 29
Additional paid in capital 520,143
 463,436
 573,868
 559,977
Accumulated other comprehensive income 172
 
 (870) (148)
Distributions in excess of accumulated earnings (253,314) (223,587) (319,402) (310,117)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY 267,032
 239,877
 253,629
 249,744
TOTAL LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY $904,851
 $851,742
OP Units held by Non-controlling OP Unitholders (3) $4,662
 $4,675
TOTAL EQUITY $258,291
 $254,419
TOTAL LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND EQUITY $935,020
 $938,775
(1)Refer to Note 2 "Related-Party Transactions"“Related-Party Transactions”
(2)
Refer to Note 97 “Commitments and Contingencies
Contingencies”
(3)
Refer to Note 10 “Stockholders'8 “Equity and Mezzanine Equity
Equity”


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Gladstone Commercial Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited) 
 For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30, For the three months ended March 31,
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2019 2018
Operating revenues            
Rental revenue $23,815
 $21,205
 $68,253
 $62,752
Tenant recovery revenue 550
 384
 1,294
 1,226
Interest income from mortgage note receivable 
 
 
 385
Lease revenue $28,137
 $26,353
Total operating revenues 24,365
 21,589
 69,547
 64,363
 28,137
 26,353
Operating expenses            
Depreciation and amortization 10,829
 9,459
 30,673
 27,796
 13,010
 11,586
Property operating expenses 2,178
 1,410
 5,062
 4,455
 3,068
 2,792
Base management fee (1) 1,277
 1,072
 3,665
 2,789
 1,267
 1,295
Incentive fee (1) 640
 564
 1,760
 1,837
 851
 696
Administration fee (1) 293
 311
 993
 1,086
 413
 387
General and administrative 650
 570
 1,776
 1,882
 657
 646
Impairment charge 
 1,786
 3,999
 2,016
Total operating expenses 15,867
 15,172
 47,928
 41,861
 19,266
 17,402
Other (expense) income            
Interest expense (6,119) (6,338) (18,223) (19,648) (7,231) (6,213)
Distributions attributable to Series C mandatorily redeemable preferred stock 
 (131) 
 (1,502)
Gain (loss) on sale of real estate, net 1
 (24) 3,993
 (24)
Gain on sale of real estate, net 2,952
 1,844
Other income 3
 3
 14
 337
 81
 23
Total other expense, net (6,115) (6,490) (14,216) (20,837) (4,198) (4,346)
Net income (loss) 2,383
 (73) 7,403
 1,665
Net income 4,673
 4,605
Net income attributable to OP Units held by Non-controlling OP Unitholders (45) 
Net income attributable to the Company $4,628
 $4,605
Distributions attributable to Series A, B and D preferred stock (2,520) (2,002) (7,330) (4,292) (2,612) (2,582)
Distributions attributable to senior common stock (247) (254) (744) (758) (224) (232)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders $(384) $(2,329) $(671) $(3,385)
Loss per weighted average share of common stock - basic & diluted        
Loss attributable to common shareholders $(0.01) $(0.10) $(0.03) $(0.15)
Net income available to common stockholders $1,792
 $1,791
Earnings per weighted average share of common stock - basic & diluted    
Earnings available to common shareholders $0.06
 $0.06
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding            
Basic and Diluted 27,234,569
 23,509,054
 25,833,423
 22,915,086
 29,516,870
 28,420,995
Distributions declared per common share $0.375
 $0.375
 $1.125
 $1.125
Earnings per weighted average share of senior common stock $0.26
 $0.26
 $0.79
 $0.79
 $0.26
 $0.26
Weighted average shares of senior common stock outstanding - basic 932,636
 959,552
 947,238
 961,041
 864,303
 895,222
Other comprehensive income        
Change in unrealized (loss) gain related to interest rate swap $(7) $
 $172
 $
Other comprehensive income (7) 
 172
 
Net income (loss) 2,383
 (73) 7,403
 1,665
Comprehensive income (loss) $2,376
 $(73) $7,575
 $1,665
Comprehensive income    
Change in unrealized (loss) gain related to interest rate hedging instruments, net $(722) $495
Other Comprehensive (loss) income (722) 495
Net income $4,673
 $4,605
Comprehensive income $3,951
 $5,100
Comprehensive income attributable to OP Units held by Non-controlling OP Unitholders (45) 
Total comprehensive income attributable to the Company $3,906
 $5,100
 
(1)Refer to Note 2 “Related-Party Transactions”
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Gladstone Commercial Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)

 For the nine months ended September 30, For the three months ended March 31,
 2017 2016 2019 2018
Cash flows from operating activities:        
Net income $7,403
 $1,665
 $4,673
 $4,605
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:        
Depreciation and amortization 30,673
 27,796
 13,010
 11,586
Impairment charge 3,999
 2,016
(Gain) loss on sale of real estate, net (3,993) 24
Gain on sale of real estate, net (2,952) (1,844)
Amortization of deferred financing costs 1,248
 1,537
 456
 394
Amortization of deferred rent asset and liability, net (633) (363) (293) (261)
Amortization of discount and premium on assumed debt (80) (145)
Gain on interest rate swap 172
 
Amortization of discount and premium on assumed debt, net 16
 (69)
Asset retirement obligation expense 96
 114
 32
 30
Operating changes in assets and liabilities        
(Increase) decrease in other assets (1,732) 288
Increase in other assets (743) (1,445)
Increase in deferred rent receivable (2,437) (2,780) (581) (704)
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and amount due Adviser and Administrator (239) 240
Increase in other liabilities 634
 51
Tenant inducement payments (122) 
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and amount due to Adviser and Administrator (84) 57
Decrease in right-of-use asset from operating leases 50
 
Decrease in operating lease liabilities (50) 
(Decrease) increase in other liabilities (796) 655
Leasing commissions paid (192) (628) (138) (378)
Net cash provided by operating activities 34,797
 29,815
 $12,600
 $12,626
Cash flows from investing activities:        
Acquisition of real estate and related intangible assets (83,242) (40,900) $(6,315) $(14,341)
Improvements of existing real estate (8,233) (3,793) (829) (925)
Proceeds from sale of real estate 29,499
 3,022
 6,318
 10,773
Collection of mortgage note receivable 
 5,900
Receipts from lenders for funds held in escrow 3,712
 2,747
 991
 517
Payments to lenders for funds held in escrow (5,252) (2,385) (482) (656)
Receipts from tenants for reserves 1,450
 2,678
 624
 603
Payments to tenants from reserves (783) (2,219) (271) (70)
(Increase) decrease in restricted cash (503) 203
Deposits on future acquisitions (1,650) (1,750) (565) (300)
Deposits applied against acquisition of real estate investments 1,650
 1,250
 215
 300
Net cash used in investing activities (63,352) (35,247) $(314) $(4,099)
Cash flows from financing activities:        
Proceeds from issuance of equity 69,891
 90,999
 $14,292
 $1,603
Offering costs paid (1,922) (2,367) (179) (26)
Retirement of senior common stock (24) (178) 
 (34)
Redemption of Series C mandatorily redeemable preferred stock 
 (38,500)
Borrowings under mortgage notes payable 51,208
 56,005
 10,640
 9,380
Payments for deferred financing costs (992) (1,024) (279) (212)
Principal repayments on mortgage notes payable (57,182) (67,119) (6,692) (19,092)
Borrowings from revolving credit facility 89,800
 132,500
 13,700
 35,200
Repayments on revolving credit facility (85,300) (130,500) (31,500) (23,900)
(Decrease) increase in security deposits (165) 73
Distributions paid for common, senior common and preferred stock (37,130) (30,862)
Net cash provided by financing activities 28,184
 9,027
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents $(371) $3,595
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period $4,658
 $5,152
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $4,287
 $8,747
NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING INFORMATION    
Tenant funded fixed asset improvements $2,201
 $2,570
Assumed mortgage in connection with acquisition $11,179
 $
Assumed interest rate swap fair market value $42
 $
Assumed tenant improvement allowance in connection with acquisition $3,966
 $
Capital improvements included in accounts payable and accrued expenses $2,053
 $2,023
Decrease in security deposits (141) (26)
Distributions paid for common, senior common, preferred stock and Non-controlling OP Unitholders (14,192) (13,474)

Net used in financing activities $(14,351) $(10,581)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash $(2,065) $(2,054)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period $9,082
 $9,080
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period $7,017
 $7,026
NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING INFORMATION    
Tenant funded fixed asset improvements $1,015
 $27
Unrealized (loss) gain related to interest rate hedging instruments, net $(722) $495
Right-of-use asset from operating leases $5,998
 $
Operating lease liability $(5,998) $
Capital improvements and leasing commissions included in accounts payable and accrued expenses $239
 $613

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (dollars in thousands):

  For the three months ended March 31,
  2019 2018
Cash and cash equivalents $4,314
 $4,123
Restricted cash 2,703
 2,903
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the consolidated statement of cash flows $7,017
 $7,026

Restricted cash consists of security deposits and receipts from tenants for reserves. These funds will be released to the tenants upon completion of agreed upon tasks, as specified in the lease agreements, mainly consisting of maintenance and repairs on the buildings and upon receipt by us of evidence of insurance and tax payments.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Gladstone Commercial Corporation
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1. Organization, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Gladstone Commercial Corporation is a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that was incorporated under the General Corporation Law of the State of Maryland on February 14, 2003. We focus on acquiring, owning and managing primarily office and industrial properties. On a selective basis, we may make long term industrial and commercialoffice mortgage loans; however, we do not have any mortgage loans currently outstanding. Subject to certain restrictions and limitations, our business is managed by Gladstone Management Corporation, a Delaware corporation ("Adviser"(the “Adviser”), and administrative services are provided by Gladstone Administration, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("Administrator"(the “Administrator”), each pursuant to a contractual arrangement with us. Our Adviser and Administrator collectively employ all of our personnel and pay their salaries, benefits, and other general expenses directly. Gladstone Commercial Corporation conducts substantially all of its operations through a subsidiary, Gladstone Commercial Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership or the Operating Partnership.(the “Operating Partnership”).

All further references herein to “we,” “our,” “us” and “us”the “Company” mean Gladstone Commercial Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, except where it is made clear that the term means only Gladstone Commercial Corporation.

Interim Financial Information

Our interim financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"(“GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and in accordance with Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain disclosures accompanying annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP are omitted. The year-end balance sheet data presented herein was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. In the opinion of our management, all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring accruals, necessary for the fair statement of financial statements for the interim period, have been included. The interim financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016,2018, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on February 15, 2017.13, 2019. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for other interim periods or for the full fiscal year.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Critical Accounting Policies

InThe preparation of our financial statements in accordance with GAAP, we apply certain critical accounting policies which requirerequires management to make judgments that are subjective in nature to make certain estimates and assumptions. Application of ourthese accounting policies involves the exercise of judgment regarding the use of assumptions as to future uncertainties, and as a result, actual results could materially differ from these estimates. A summary of all of our significant accounting policies is provided in Note 1, “Organization, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies,” to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2018. There were no material changes to our critical accounting policies during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Reclassifications

Certain items on condensed consolidated statement of operations and other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 have been reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation. These reclassifications had no impact on previously-reported equity, net loss attributable to common stockholders, or net change in cash and cash equivalents.March 31, 2019.


Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASBFinancial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance regarding the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers. Under this guidance, an entity will recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This guidance also requires improved disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. We expectadopted this guidance for our annual and interim periods beginning January 1, 2018 and used the modified retrospective method, under which the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance is recognized at the date of initial application. Our adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Further, as discussed below, we adopted the new guidance regarding the principles for the recognition measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases on January 1, 2019. The new revenue standard will apply to executory costs and other components of revenue due under leases that are deemed to be non-lease components (examples include common area maintenance and provision of utilities), even when the revenue for such activities is not separately stipulated in the lease. Revenue from these non-lease components, which were previously recognized on a straight-line basis under currentprevious lease guidance, would beare recognized under the new revenue guidance as the related services are delivered. As a result, while theour total revenue recognized over the lease term would not differ under the new guidance, the revenue recognition pattern could be different. We are in the processThe new leasing guidance allows for an accounting election to account for each separate lease component and its associated nonlease components as a single lease component. As a lessor, we have made an accounting election to account for each separate lease component and its associated nonlease components as a single lease component. As a result of evaluating the significance of the difference in thethis election, our revenue recognition pattern that would result from this change, and adjustments infor our leasing arrangements will be consistent with how we recognized lease revenue recognition attributableprior to non-lease components will take effect in tandem withour adoption of the new leasing standard described below, which is effective January 1, 2019. We will adopt this guidance for our annual and interim periods beginning January 1, 2018 and expect to use the modified retrospective method, under which the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance is recognized at the date of initial application.standard.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASUAccounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, “Leases: Amendments to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification” (“ASU 2016-02”). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase of the leased asset by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. We adopted ASU 2016-02, is expected to minimally impact our consolidated financial statements as we currently haveamended, as of January 1, 2019, which resulted in the recording of additional right-of-use assets from operating leases and operating lease liabilities of approximately $6.0 million for the four operating ground lease arrangements with terms greater than one year for which we are the lessee, and we don't expect the purchase of properties with ground leases to be crucial to our acquisition strategy.lessee. We also expect our general and administrative expense to increase as the new standard requires us to expense indirect leasing costs that were previously capitalized to leasing commissions. ASC 2016-02 supersedes the previous leases standard, ASC 840 "Leases." The standard is effective on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted and we expect to useadopted the modified retrospective method, under whichwhere we recorded the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance as of January 1, 2019. We also adopted the full suite of practical expedients provided under this guidance, whereby we are not reassessing whether a contract is recognized ator contains a lease, the lease classification and the initial direct costs incurred upon onset of our leases. We have also elected to adopt the hindsight practical expedient whereby we can use hindsight to determine the lease term as of the date of initial application.

In August 2016,implementation, and we adopted the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the Emerging issues Task Force)," which clarifies how entities should classify certain cash receipts and cash paymentsland easements practical expedient where we do not have to assess whether existing or expired land easements contain a lease. We analyzed our operating ground leases on the statementdate of cash flows with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice relatedimplementation and identified any option periods we believed were appropriate to eight specific cash flow issues. The areas addressedinclude in the new guidance relatelease term, and discounted the future lease payments using a discount rate equivalent to debt prepayment costs, settlementa treasury rate with a similar lease term plus a spread ranging from 2.50% to 2.60%. This spread was determined by reviewing market premiums over treasuries for fully securitized assets. Three of zero-coupon debt instruments, contingent considerationour ground leases have fixed rental charges, and one has variable charges that are driven by the consumer price index. Three of our ground leases have options to extend, and one ground lease has multiple early termination options. We will include option periods or exclude termination options in future lease payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned and bank-owned life insurance policies, distributions received from equity method investments, beneficial interestfor ground leases located in securitization transactions and separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. The guidance is effective for us beginning January 1, 2018 with early adoption permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.target markets.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)," which requires the statement of cash flows to explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents and amounts described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Under the new guidance, amounts described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents will be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of period and end of periods total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for us beginning January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, "Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities" ("ASU 2017-12"). The new standard simplifies the application of hedge accounting and better aligns financial reporting for hedging activities with companies' economic objectives in undertaking those activities. Under the new guidance, all changes in the fair value of highly effective cash flow hedges will be recorded in other comprehensive income instead of income. The new guidance also eases the administrative burden of hedge documentation requirements and assessing hedge effectiveness. The guidance is effective beginning January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this guidance, including transition elections and required disclosures, on our financial statements.


2. Related-Party Transactions

Gladstone Management and Gladstone Administration

We are externally managed pursuant to contractual arrangements with our Adviser and our Administrator, which collectively employ all of our personnel and pay their salaries, benefits, and other general expenses directly. Both our Adviser and Administrator are affiliates of ours, as their parent company is owned and controlled by Mr. David Gladstone, our chairman and chief executive officer. Two of our executive officers, Mr. Gladstone and Mr. Terry Lee Brubaker (our vice chairman and chief operating officer) serve as directors and executive officers of our Adviser and our Administrator. Our president, Mr. Robert Cutlip, is an executive managing director of our Adviser. Mr. Michael LiCalsi, our general counsel and secretary, also serves as our Administrator’s president, general counsel and secretary. We have entered into an advisory agreement with our Adviser, as amended from time to time or the Advisory Agreement,(the “Advisory Agreement”), and an administration agreement with our Administrator or the Administration Agreement.(the “Administration Agreement”). The services and fees under the Advisory Agreement and Administration Agreement are described below. As of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016, $2.32018, $2.6 million and $2.1$2.5 million, respectively, were collectively due to our Adviser and Administrator.

Base Management Fee

On July 24, 2015,January 8, 2019, we entered into a Second Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement with the Adviser, effective July 1, 2015. We subsequently entered into a Third Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement with the Adviser on July 12, 2016, effective July 1, 2016, and, as described below, a FourthFifth Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement with the Adviser, on January 10, 2017, effective as of October 1, 2016.2018 to clarify that the agreement’s definition of Total Equity includes outstanding OP Units held by the Operating Partnership’s non-controlling limited partners (“Non-controlling OP Unitholders”). Our entrance into the Advisory Agreement and each of the amended Advisory Agreements wasamendment thereto has been approved unanimously by our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors reviews and considers renewing the agreement with our Adviser each July. As such, during theDuring its July 20172018 meeting, theour Board of Directors reviewed and renewed the Advisory Agreement for anotheran additional year, through August 31, 2018.2019.

As a result ofUnder the July 2015 amendment,Advisory Agreement, the calculation of the annual base management fee equals 1.5% of our adjusted total stockholders’ equity,Total Equity, which is our total stockholders’ equity plus total mezzanine equity (before giving effect to the base management fee and incentive fee), adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains or losses that do not affect realized net income (including impairment charges) and, adjusted for any one-time events and certain non-cash items (the later to occur for a given quarter only upon the approval of our Compensation Committee)., and adjusted to include OP Units held by Non-controlling OP Unitholders. The fee is calculated and accrued quarterly as 0.375% per quarter of such adjusted total stockholders’ equityTotal Equity figure. As a result of the July 2016 amendment, the definition of adjusted total stockholders' equity in the calculation of the base management fee and the incentive fee (described below) includes total mezzanine equity. Our Adviser does not charge acquisition or disposition fees when we acquire or dispose of properties, as is common in other externally managed REITs; however, our Adviser may earn fee income from our borrowers, tenants or other sources. Prior to the 2015 amendment, the Advisory Agreement provided for an annual base management fee equal to 2.0% of our common stockholders’ equity, which was our total stockholders’ equity, less the recorded value of any preferred stock and adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains, losses, or other items that did not affect realized net income (including impairment charges).

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded a base management fee of $1.3 million and $3.7 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a base management fee of $1.1 million and $2.8$1.3 million, respectively.

Incentive Fee

As a result ofPursuant to the July 2015 amendment,Advisory Agreement, the calculation of the incentive fee was revised to rewardrewards the Adviser in circumstances where our quarterly Core FFO (defined at the end of this paragraph), before giving effect to any incentive fee, or pre-incentive fee Core FFO, exceeds 2.0% quarterly, or 8.0% annualized, of adjusted total stockholders’ equity (after giving effect to the base management fee but before giving effect to the incentive fee, and which, as a result of the July 2016 amendment to the Advisory Agreement, now includes total mezzanine equity)fee). We refer to this as the new hurdle rate. The Adviser will receive 15.0% of the amount of our pre-incentive fee Core FFO that exceeds the new hurdle rate. However, in no event shall the incentive fee for a particular quarter exceed by 15.0% (the cap) the average quarterly incentive fee paid by us for the previous four quarters (excluding quarters for which no incentive fee was paid). Core FFO (as defined in the Advisory Agreement) is GAAP net income (loss) available to common stockholders, excluding the incentive fee, depreciation and amortization, any realized and unrealized gains, losses or other non-cash items recorded in net income (loss) available to common stockholders for the period, and one-time events pursuant to changes in GAAP.


The incentive fee prior to the July 2015 amendment rewarded the Adviser in circumstances where our quarterly funds from operations, or FFO, before giving effect to any incentive fee, or pre-incentive fee FFO, exceeded 1.75%, or 7.0% annualized, or the hurdle rate, of common stockholders’ equity. FFO, included any realized capital gains and capital losses, less any distributions paid on preferred stock and Senior Common Stock, but FFO did not include any unrealized capital gains or losses (including impairment charges). The Adviser received 100.0% of the amount of the pre-incentive fee FFO that exceeded the hurdle rate, but was less than 2.1875% of our common stockholders’ equity. The Adviser also received an incentive fee of 20.0% of the amount of our pre-incentive fee FFO that exceeded 2.1875% of common stockholders’ equity.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded an incentive fee of $0.6$0.9 million and $1.8 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded an incentive fee of $0.6 million and $1.8$0.7 million, respectively. The Adviser did not waive any portion of the incentive fee for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 or 2016. Waivers are unconditional and cannot be recouped by the Adviser in the future.2018, respectively.


Capital GainGains Fee

Under the Advisory Agreement, as amended in July 2015, we will pay to the Adviser a capital gains-based incentive fee that will be calculated and payable in arrears as of the end of each fiscal year (or upon termination of the Advisory Agreement). In determining the capital gaingains fee, we will calculate aggregate realized capital gains and aggregate realized capital losses for the applicable time period. For this purpose, aggregate realized capital gains and losses, if any, equals the realized gain or loss calculated by the difference between the sales price of the property, less any costs to sell the property and the current gross value of the property (which is calculated as(equal to the property’s original acquisition price plus any subsequent non-reimbursed capital improvements). of the disposed property. At the end of the fiscal year, if this number is positive, then the capital gain fee payable for such time period shall equal 15.0% of such amount. No capital gain fee was recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 or 2016.

On January 10, 2017, we amended and restated the Advisory Agreement by entering into the Fourth Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between us and the Adviser to revise the calculation of the capital gains fee. Based upon the amendment, the calculation of the capital gains fee is based on the all-in acquisition cost of disposed of properties. The impact of this amendment would not have resulted in a capital gains fee for previously reported periods.2018.

Termination Fee

The Advisory Agreement includes a termination fee whereby, in the event of our termination thereofof the agreement without cause (with 120 days’ prior written notice and the vote of at least two-thirds of our independent directors), a termination fee would be payable to the Adviser equal to two times the sum of the average annual base management fee and incentive fee earned by the Adviser during the 24-month period prior to such termination. A termination fee is also payable if the Adviser terminates the Advisory Agreement after we have defaulted and applicable cure periods have expired. The Advisory Agreement may also be terminated for cause by us (with 30 days’ prior written notice and the vote of at least two-thirds of our independent directors), with no termination fee payable. Cause is defined in the agreement to include if the Adviser breaches any material provisions thereof, the bankruptcy or insolvency of the Adviser, dissolution of the Adviser and fraud or misappropriation of funds.

Administration Agreement

Under the terms of the Administration Agreement, we pay separately for our allocable portion of the Administrator’s overhead expenses in performing its obligations to us including, but not limited to, rent and our allocable portion of the salaries and benefits expenses of our Administrator’s employees, including, but not limited to, our chief financial officer, treasurer, chief compliance officer, general counsel and secretary (who also serves as our Administrator’s president, general counsel and secretary), and their respective staffs. Our allocable portion of the Administrator’s expenses are generally derived by multiplying our Administrator’s total expenses by the approximate percentage of time the Administrator'sAdministrator’s employees perform services for us in relation to their time spent performing services for all companies serviced by our Administrator under contractual agreements. We believe this approach helps approximate fees paid by us to actual services performed by the Administrator for us. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded an administration fee of $0.3$0.4 million and $1.0 million, respectively, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded an administration fee of $0.3 million and $1.1$0.4 million, respectively.

Gladstone Securities

Gladstone Securities, LLC, or (“Gladstone Securities,Securities”), is a privately held broker dealer registered with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and insured by the Securities Investor Protection Corporation. Gladstone Securities is an affiliate of ours, as its parent company is owned and controlled by Mr. David Gladstone, our chairman and chief executive officer. Mr. Gladstone also serves on the board of managers of Gladstone Securities.

Mortgage Financing Arrangement Agreement

We entered into an agreement with Gladstone Securities, effective June 18, 2013, for it to act as our non-exclusive agent to assist us with arranging mortgage financing for properties we own.own (the “Financing Arrangement Agreement”). In connection with this engagement, Gladstone Securities will, from time to time, continue to solicit the interest of various commercial real estate lenders or recommend to us third party lenders offering credit products or packages that are responsive to our needs. We pay Gladstone Securities a financing fee in connection with the services it provides to us for securing mortgage financing on any of our properties. The amount of these financing fees, which are payable upon closing of the financing, are based on a percentage of the amount of the mortgage, generally ranging from 0.15% to a maximum of 1.0% of the mortgage obtained. The amount of the financing fees may be reduced or eliminated, as determined by us and Gladstone Securities, after taking into consideration various factors, including, but not limited to, the involvement of any third party brokers and market conditions. We paid financing fees to Gladstone Securities of $0.1$0.02 million and $0.2$0.02 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, which are included in mortgage notes payable, net, in the consolidated balance sheets, or 0.25%March 31, 2019 and 0.27%, respectively, of mortgage principal secured. We paid financing fees to Gladstone Securities of $0.1 million and $0.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016,2018, respectively, which are included in mortgage notes payable, net, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, or 0.28%0.15% and 0.36%0.25%, respectively, of the mortgage principal secured.secured and/or extended. Our Board of Directors renewed the agreementFinancing Arrangement Agreement for an additional year, through August 31, 2018,2019, at its July 20172018 meeting.


3. Loss perEarnings Per Share of Common Stock

The following tables set forth the computation of basic and diluted lossearnings per share of common stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016. 2018. The OP Units held by Non-controlling OP Unitholders (which may be redeemed for shares of common stock) have been excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculations, as there would be no effect on the amounts since the Non-controlling OP Unitholders’ share of income would also be added back to net income. Net income figures are presented net of such non-controlling interests in the earnings per share calculation.

We computed basic lossearnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 20162018 using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the respective periods. Diluted lossearnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016,2018 reflects additional shares of common stock related to our convertible Seniorsenior common stock (the “Senior Common Stock (ifStock”), if the effect would be dilutive),dilutive, that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential shares of common stock had been issued, as well as an adjustment to net income available to common stockholders as applicable to common stockholders that would result from their assumed issuance (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts).

  For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30,
  2017 2016 2017 2016
Calculation of basic loss per share of common stock:        
Net loss attributable to common stockholders $(384) $(2,329) $(671) $(3,385)
Denominator for basic weighted average shares of common stock 27,234,569
 23,509,054
 25,833,423
 22,915,086
Basic loss per share of common stock $(0.01) $(0.10) $(0.03) $(0.15)
Calculation of diluted loss per share of common stock:        
Net loss attributable to common stockholders $(384) $(2,329) $(671) $(3,385)
Add: income impact of assumed conversion of senior common stock (1) 
 
 
 
Net loss attributable to common stockholders plus assumed conversions (1) $(384) $(2,329) $(671) $(3,385)
Denominator for basic weighted average shares of common stock 27,234,569
 23,509,054
 25,833,423
 22,915,086
Effect of convertible Senior Common Stock (1) 
 
 
 
Denominator for diluted weighted average shares of common stock (1) 27,234,569
 23,509,054
 25,833,423
 22,915,086
Diluted loss per share of common stock $(0.01) $(0.10) $(0.03) $(0.15)
  For the three months ended March 31,
  2019 2018
Calculation of basic earnings per share of common stock:    
Net income available to common stockholders $1,792
 $1,791
Denominator for basic weighted average shares of common stock (1) 29,516,870
 28,420,995
Basic earnings per share of common stock $0.06
 $0.06
Calculation of diluted earnings per share of common stock:    
Net income available to common stockholders $1,792
 $1,791
Add: income impact of assumed conversion of senior common stock (2) 
 
Net income available to common stockholders plus assumed conversions (2) $1,792
 $1,791
Denominator for basic weighted average shares of common stock (1) 29,516,870
 28,420,995
Effect of convertible Senior Common Stock (2) 
 
Denominator for diluted weighted average shares of common stock (2) 29,516,870
 28,420,995
Diluted earnings per share of common stock $0.06
 $0.06
 
(1)The weighted average number of OP Units held by Non-controlling OP Unitholders was 742,937 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The Company was the sole holder of OP Units for all periods prior to October 30, 2018.
(2)We excluded convertible shares of Senior Common Stock that are convertible into shares of our common stock in the amount of 773,553721,872 and 800,116745,000 from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively, because it wasthey were anti-dilutive.


4. Real Estate and Intangible Assets

Real Estate

The following table sets forth the components of our investments in real estate as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 20162018, excluding real estate held for sale as of December 31, 20162018 (dollars in thousands):
 
 September 30, 2017
December 31, 2016 March 31, 2019
December 31, 2018
Real estate:        
Land $117,441
 $104,719
 $126,698
 $125,905
Building and improvements 703,644
 662,661
 762,026
 755,584
Tenant improvements 59,529
 54,369
 65,254
 65,160
Accumulated depreciation (146,229) (131,661) (186,107) (178,257)
Real estate, net $734,385
 $690,088
 $767,871
 $768,392

Real estate depreciation expense on building and tenant improvements was $6.9$8.0 million and $19.8$7.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively,March 31, 2019 and $6.1 million and $17.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016,2018, respectively.

Acquisitions

Acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were accounted for as business combinations in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805 “Business Combinations” (“ASC 805”), as there was a prior leasing history on the property. The fair value of all assets acquired and liabilities assumed were determined in accordance with ASC 805, and all acquisition-related costs were expensed as incurred. Commencing in the fourth quarter of 2016, we early adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-01, “Clarifying the Definition of a Business” (“ASU 2017-01”), which narrows the scope of transactions that would be accounted under ASC 805. Under ASU 2017-01, if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the grouping is not a business, and rather an asset acquisition. Beginning in the fourth quarter 2016, acquisitions have been deemed an asset acquisition when evaluated under the new guidance, and all acquisition-related costs have been capitalized.

We acquired five properties during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and two properties during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016, whichMarch 31, 2019, and one property during the three months ended March 31, 2018. The acquisitions are summarized below (dollars in thousands):

Nine Months Ended Square Footage Lease Term Purchase Price Acquisition Expenses Annualized GAAP Rent Debt Issued or Assumed 
September 30, 2017(1)666,451
 10.7 Years $94,421
 $1,171
(3)$10,776
 $54,887
(4)
September 30, 2016(2)226,286

7.8 Years $40,900
 $179
 $3,367
 $24,000
 
Three Months Ended Square Footage Lease Term Purchase Price Acquisition Expenses Annualized GAAP Rent
March 31, 2019(1)60,850
 12.2 Years $6,315
 $130
(3)$516
March 31, 2018(2)127,444
 9.8 Years 14,341
 91
(3)1,087

(1)On June 22, 2017,February 8, 2019, we acquired a 60,01626,050 square foot property in Conshohocken,a suburb of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for $15.7$2.7 million. We assumed $11.2 million of mortgage debt in connection with this acquisition. The annualized GAAP rent on the 8.515.1 year lease is $1.7$0.2 million. On July 7, 2017,February 28, 2019, we acquired a 300,00034,800 square foot property in Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaIndianapolis, Indiana for $27.1$3.6 million. We issued $14.9 million of mortgage debt with a fixed interest rate of 3.75% in connection with this acquisition. The annualized GAAP rent on the 15.410.0 year lease is $2.3 million. On July 31, 2017, we acquired a 306,435 square foot three property portfolio located in Maitland, Florida for $51.6 million. We issued $28.8 million of mortgage debt with a fixed interest rate of 3.89% in connection with this acquisition. This portfolio has a weighted average lease term of 8.6 years, and annualized GAAP rent of $6.8$0.3 million.
(2)On May 26, 2016,March 9, 2018, we acquired a 107,062127,444 square foot property in Salt Lake City, UtahVance, Alabama for $17.0$14.3 million. We borrowed $9.9 million to fund the acquisition. The annualized GAAP rent on the 6.09.8 year lease is $1.4 million. On September 12, 2016, we acquired a 119,224 square foot property in Fort Lauderdale, Florida for $23.9 million. We borrowed $14.1 million to fund the acquisition. The annualized GAAP rent on the 9.0 year lease is $2.0$1.1 million.
(3)We early adoptedaccounted for these transactions under ASU 2017-01.2017-01, “Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” As a result, we treated our acquisitions during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2018 as asset acquisitions rather than business combinations. As a result of this treatment, we capitalized $1.2$0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, of acquisition costs that would otherwise have been expensed under business combination treatment.

(4)We assumed an interest rate swap in connection with $11.2 million of assumed debt on our Conshohocken, Pennsylvania acquisition, in which we will pay our counterparty a fixed interest rate of 1.80%, and receive a variable interest rate of one month LIBOR from our counterparty. Our interest expense exposure is fixed at 3.55%. The interest rate swap had a fair value of $0.04 million upon the date of assumption, and subsequently increased in value to $0.2 million at September 30, 2017. We have elected to treat this interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge, and all changes in fair market value will be recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

We determined the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed related to the properties acquired during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 20162018 as follows (dollars in thousands):

Business Combinations    
 Nine months ended September 30, 2017 Nine months ended September 30, 2016
Acquired assets and liabilities Purchase price Purchase price
Land $
 $7,125
Building and improvements 
 22,934
Tenant Improvements 
 3,240
In-place Leases 
 3,355
Leasing Costs 
 1,437
Customer Relationships 
 3,090
Above Market Leases 
 
Below Market Leases 
 (281)
Total Purchase Price $
 $40,900
    
Asset Acquisitions    
 Nine months ended September 30, 2017 Nine months ended September 30, 2016 Three months ended March 31, 2019 Three months ended March 31, 2018
Acquired assets and liabilities Purchase price Purchase price Purchase price Purchase price
Land $15,137
 $
 $723
 $459
Building 51,186
 
 4,541
 11,609
Tenant Improvements 6,060
 
 93
 615
In-place Leases 9,516
 
 432
 509
Leasing Costs 5,083
 
 307
 534
Customer Relationships 6,851
 
 196
 566
Above Market Leases 1,916
 
 23
 49
Below Market Leases (1,769) 
Discount on Assumed Debt 399
 
Fair Value of Interest Rate Swap Assumed 42
 
Total Purchase Price $94,421
 $
 $6,315
 $14,341
    
Total Purchase Price on all Acquisitions $94,421
 $40,900

Below is a summary of the total revenue and loss recognized on the two acquisitions treated as business combinations completed during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 (dollars in thousands):
  For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30,
  2016 2016
Rental Revenue $464
 $603
(Loss) (82) (203)

Pro Forma

The following table reflects pro-forma consolidated statements of operations as if the business combinations completed in 2016, were completed as of January 1, 2015. The pro-forma earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 were adjusted to assume that the acquisition-related costs were incurred as of the beginning of the comparative period (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

  For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30,
  2016 (1)
  (unaudited)
Operating Data:    
Total operating revenue $22,012
 $66,406
Total operating expenses (15,205) (42,968)
Other expenses, net (6,612) (21,453)
Net income 195
 1,985
Dividends attributable to preferred and senior common stock (2,256) (5,050)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders $(2,061) $(3,065)
Share and Per Share Data:    
Basic and diluted loss per share of common stock - pro forma $(0.09) $(0.13)
Basic and diluted loss per share of common stock - actual $(0.10) $(0.15)
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic and diluted 23,509,054
 22,915,086

(1)Pro-forma results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 are identical to actual results on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and other comprehensive income (loss) because we did not complete an acquisition that was accounted for as a business combination during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, pursuant to our early adoption of ASU 2017-01.

Significant Real Estate Activity on Existing Assets

During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016,2018, we executed sixtwo and seven lease extensions and/or modifications, orone new leases, respectively, which are aggregatedsummarized below (dollars in thousands):

Nine Months Ended Aggregate Square Footage Weighted Average Lease Term Aggregate Annualized GAAP Rent Aggregate Tenant Improvement Aggregate Leasing Commissions
September 30, 2017 577,471
 8.9 years(1)4,062
 1,181
 475
September 30, 2016 460,017
 2.8 years(2)1,475
 333
 221
Three Months Ended Aggregate Square Footage Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term Aggregate Annualized GAAP Rent Aggregate Leasing Commissions
March 31, 2019 130,240
 6.2 years $1,187
 $71
March 31, 2018 34,441
 3.6 years 97
 14

(1)Weighted average lease term is weighted according to the annualized GAAP rent earned by each lease. These leases have terms ranging from 1.0 year to 11.3 years.
(2)Weighted average lease term is weighted according to the annualized GAAP rent earned by each lease. These leases have terms ranging from 1.0 year to 7.3 years.
Future Lease Payments

Future operating lease payments from tenants under non-cancelable leases, excluding tenant reimbursement of expenses, for the nine months ending December 31, 2019 and each of the five succeeding fiscal years and thereafter is as follows (dollars in thousands):

YearTenant Lease Payments
Nine Months Ending 2019$77,289
202097,758
202190,374
202283,723
202375,744
202466,554
Thereafter217,638
 $709,080


We account for all of our real estate leasing arrangements as operating leases. A majority of our leases are subject to fixed rental increases, but a small subset of our lease portfolio has variable lease payments that are driven by the consumer price index. Many of our tenants have renewal options in their respective leases, but we seldom include option periods in the determination of lease term as we generally will not enter into leasing arrangements with bargain renewal options. A small number of tenants have termination options.

Future minimum lease payments from tenants under non-cancelable leases, excluding tenant reimbursement of expenses and excluding real estate held for sale as of December 31, 2018, for each of the five succeeding fiscal years and thereafter is as follows (dollars in thousands):
YearTenant Lease Payments
2019$103,322
202097,302
202189,057
202282,336
202374,337
Thereafter279,424
 $725,778

In accordance with the lease terms, substantially all operating expenses are required to be paid by the tenant; however, we would be required to pay operating expenses on the respective properties in the event the tenants fail to pay them.



Intangible Assets

The following table summarizes the carrying value of intangible assets, liabilities and the accumulated amortization for each intangible asset and liability class as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, excluding real estate held for sale as of December 31, 20162018 (dollars in thousands):

 September 30, 2017
December 31, 2016 March 31, 2019
December 31, 2018
 Lease Intangibles Accumulated Amortization Lease Intangibles Accumulated Amortization Lease Intangibles Accumulated Amortization Lease Intangibles Accumulated Amortization
In-place leases $78,975
 $(32,140) $71,482
 $(28,182) $84,326
 $(42,388) $83,894
 $(40,445)
Leasing costs 53,706
 (21,889) 48,000
 (18,599) 60,049
 (29,436) 59,671
 (28,092)
Customer relationships 55,847
 (19,289) 50,252
 (17,400) 60,650
 (25,154) 60,455
 (24,035)
 $188,528
 $(73,318) $169,734
 $(64,181) $205,025
 $(96,978) $204,020
 $(92,572)
                
 Deferred Rent Receivable/(Liability) Accumulated (Amortization)/Accretion Deferred Rent Receivable/(Liability) Accumulated (Amortization)/Accretion Deferred Rent Receivable/(Liability) Accumulated (Amortization)/Accretion Deferred Rent Receivable/(Liability) Accumulated (Amortization)/Accretion
Above market leases $12,517
 $(7,726) $10,479
 $(7,296) $14,575
 $(9,208) $14,551
 $(8,981)
Below market leases and deferred revenue (25,576) 10,022
 (21,606) 8,959
 (30,822) 13,051
 (29,807) 12,502
 $(13,059) $2,296
 $(11,127) $1,663
 $(16,247) $3,843
 $(15,256) $3,521

Total amortization expense related to in-place leases, leasing costs and customer relationship lease intangible assets was $3.9$5.0 million and $10.9$4.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively,March 31, 2019 and $3.4 million and $9.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016,2018, respectively, and is included in depreciation and amortization expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss).income.

Total amortization related to above-market lease values was $0.2$0.3 million and $0.4$0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively,March 31, 2019 and $0.1 million and $0.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016,2018, respectively, and is included in rentallease revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss).income. Total amortization related to below-market lease values was $0.4$0.6 million and $1.1$0.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively,March 31, 2019 and $0.3 million and $0.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016,2018, respectively, and is included in rentallease revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss).income.

The weighted average amortization periods in years for the intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 20162018 were as follows:
 
Intangible Assets & Liabilities 2017 2016 2019 2018
In-place leases 9.7 7.9 13.0 9.8
Leasing costs 9.7 7.9 13.0 9.8
Customer relationships 12.7 12.2 17.9 14.8
Above market leases 10.2 0.0 10.0 9.8
Below market leases 9.4 7.9
All intangible assets & liabilities 10.4 9.0 14.5 11.1


5. Real Estate Dispositions, Held for Sale and Impairment Charges

Real Estate Dispositions

During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we continued to execute our capital recycling program, whereby we soldsell properties outside of our core markets and redeployedredeploy proceeds to either fund property acquisitions in our target secondary growth markets, as well asor repay outstanding debt. We expect to continue to execute our capital recycling plan and sell non-core properties as reasonable disposition opportunities become available. During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we sold fourone non-core propertiesproperty, located in Franklin, New Jersey, Hazelwood, Missouri, Concord Township, Ohio, and Newburyport, Massachusetts,Maitland, Florida, which are summarizedis detailed in the table below (dollars in thousands):

Aggregate Square Footage Sold Aggregate Sales Price Aggregate Sales Costs Aggregate Impairment Charge for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Aggregate Gain on Sale of Real Estate, net
593,763
 $30,302
 $803
 $3,999
 $3,993
Square Footage Sold Sales Price Sales Costs Gain on Sale of Real Estate, net
50,000
 $6,850
 $532
 $2,952

Our dispositionsdisposition during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017 wereMarch 31, 2019 was not classified as a discontinued operationsoperation because theyit did not represent a strategic shift in operations, nor will theyit have a major effect on our operations and financial results. Accordingly, the operating results of these properties arethis property is included within continuing operations for all periods reported.

The table below summarizes the components of operating income from the real estate and related assets disposed of during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, and 20162018 (dollars in thousands):

 For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30,  For the three months ended March 31,
 2017 2016 2017 2016  2019 2018
Operating revenue $

$642
 $1,280
(1)$1,932
  $245

$250
Operating expense 31
 962
(4)4,446
(2)1,626
(4) 785
 267
Other (expense) income, net 1

(183) 3,831
(3)(253) 
Income (loss) from real estate and related assets sold $(30) $(503) $665
 $53
 
Other income, net 2,614
(1)(83)
(Expense) income from real estate and related assets sold $2,074
 $(100)

(1)Includes a $0.6$3.0 million lease termination revenue from canceling a lease obligation with a tenant that acquired one property from us during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This fee is recorded as rental revenue on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and other comprehensive income (loss).
(2)Includes a $4.0 million impairment charge.
(3)Includes a $4.0 million net gain on sale of real estate, net on four properties.
(4)Includes a $0.7 million impairment charge.one property.

Real Estate Held for Sale

At September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we did not have any properties classified as held for sale. At December 31, 2016,2018, we had two propertiesone property classified as held for sale, located in Hazelwood, Missouri and Franklin, New Jersey. Both of these properties wereMaitland, Florida. This property was sold during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019.

The table below summarizes the components of the assets and liabilities held for sale reflected on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheetsheets (dollars in thousands):
 
September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016December 31, 2018
Assets Held for Sale    
Real estate, at cost$
 $11,454
$3,173
Less: accumulated depreciation
 2,668
218
Total real estate held for sale, net
 8,786
2,955
Lease intangibles, net
 200
1,105
Deferred rent receivable, net
 575
91
Other assets
 1
Total Assets Held for Sale$
 $9,562
$4,151
Liabilities Held for Sale   
Deferred rent liability, net$
 $755
Asset retirement obligation
 286
Total Liabilities Held for Sale$
 $1,041

Impairment Charges

We evaluated our portfolio for triggering events to determine if any of our held and used assets were impaired during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and identified twodid not identify any held and used assets which were impaired during first quarter 2017. We did not identify any impairment on held and used assets during the second or third quarter of 2017. For these properties, during first quarter 2017, we received unsolicited interest from potential buyers, and as a result, we included a sale scenario and shortened our hold period when comparing the undiscounted cash flows against the respective carrying values. Based upon our analysis, we concluded that the undiscounted cash flows for these properties were below their respective carrying values indicating that these assets were impaired as of March 31, 2017, and accordingly, we recorded an impairment charge of $3.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, we sold one of these impaired properties to the tenant for a further loss on sale of $1.8 million. During the second quarter of 2017, we became aware of a decline in the tenant's financial results. The tenant expressed interest in acquiring our property as part of their corporate reorganization. Due to the re-tenanting risk of the property if it were to go vacant and as the location was in a non-core market, we executed a sale with this tenant. We sold the other impaired property during the three months ended September 30, 2017, recognizing a gain on sale of $1,000.impaired.

We did not classify any properties as held for sale at September 30, 2017. During our previous two quarters where we had held for sale activity, we performed an analysis of all properties classified as held for sale, and compared the fair market value of the asset less selling costs against the carrying value of assets available for sale. We recorded an impairment charge of $0.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2017 to reduce the carrying value equal to the sales price per the executed purchase and sale agreement, less estimated selling costs.

Fair market value for these assets was calculated using Level 3 inputs, which were determined using comparable asset sale data from the respective asset locations, as well as sales prices from an executed purchase and sale agreement. We continue to evaluate our properties on a quarterly basis for changes that could create the need to record impairment. Future impairment losses may result, and could be significant, should market conditions deteriorate in the markets in which we hold our assets or we are unable to secure leases at terms that are favorable to us, which could impact the estimated cash flow of our properties over the period in which we plan to hold our properties. Additionally, changes in management’s decisions to either own and lease long-term or sell a particular asset will have an impact on this analysis.

We recognized $2.0 million ofdid not recognize an impairment charges on five propertiescharge during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016. These properties were impairedMarch 31, 2018. The property held for sale was reviewed through our held for sale carrying value analysis, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2018, and we concluded that the fair market value less selling costs was belowgreater than the carrying value of thisthe property. We have sold four of these properties, and one of these properties is classified as a held and used assetthis property during the three and nine monthsyear ended September 30, 2017.

The fair values for the above held for sale property was calculated using Level 3 inputs which were calculated using an estimated sales price, less estimated costs to sell. The estimated sales price was determined using an executed purchase and sale agreement.December 31, 2018.

6. Mortgage Note Receivable

On July 25, 2014, we closed a $5.6 million second mortgage development loan for the construction of an 81,371 square foot, build-to-suit transitional care facility located on a major hospital campus in Phoenix, Arizona. Subsequently, on April 14, 2015, we closed an additional $0.3 million interim financing loan for the development of the Phoenix, Arizona property. Construction was completed in July 2015 and we earned 9.0% interest, paid currently in cash, on the loan during construction and through maturity. Prior to completion of the facility, we were granted a right of first offer to purchase the property at fair value. We elected not to purchase the property, and received an exit fee upon maturity of the loan in an amount sufficient for us to earn an internal rate of return of 22.0% on the second mortgage development loan, inclusive of interest earned. The principal balance of the loans and all associated interest income and exit fee revenue was received in January 2016. We did not recognize any interest income or exit fee revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. We recognized $0.0 million and $0.4 million in both cash interest income and exit fee revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. We currently have no mortgage notes receivable outstanding.

7. Mortgage Notes Payable and Credit Facility

Our mortgage notes payable and Credit Facility as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 20162018 are summarized below (dollars in thousands):
 
 Encumbered properties at Carrying Value at Stated Interest Rates at Scheduled Maturity Dates at Encumbered properties at Carrying Value at Stated Interest Rates at Scheduled Maturity Dates at
 September 30, 2017 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017
September 30, 2017 March 31, 2019 March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 March 31, 2019
March 31, 2019
Mortgage and other secured loans:              
Fixed rate mortgage loans 48
 $385,555
 $378,477
 (1) (2) 50
 $389,501
 $385,051
 (1) (2)
Variable rate mortgage loans 19
 69,835
 71,707
 (3) (2) 18
 60,158
 60,659
 (3) (2)
Premiums and discounts, net -
 (262) 217
 N/A N/A -
 (285) (301) N/A N/A
Deferred financing costs, mortgage loans, net -
 (5,096) (5,123) N/A N/A -
 (3,962) (4,063) N/A N/A
Total mortgage notes payable, net 67
 $450,032
 $445,278
 (4)  68
 $445,412
 $441,346
 (4) 
Variable rate revolving credit facility 24
 (6) $44,200
 $39,700
 LIBOR + 2.00% 8/7/2018 33
 (6) $32,800
 $50,600
 LIBOR + 1.75% 10/27/2021
Deferred financing costs, revolving credit facility -
 (267) (475) N/A N/A -
 (465) (516) N/A N/A
Total revolver, net 24
 $43,933
 $39,225
  33
 $32,335
 $50,084
 
Variable rate term loan facility -
 (6) $25,000
 $25,000
 LIBOR + 1.95% 10/5/2020 -
 (6) $75,000
 $75,000
 LIBOR + 1.70% 10/27/2022
Deferred financing costs, term loan facility -
 (88) (108) N/A N/A -
 (347) (371) N/A N/A
Total term loan, net N/A
 $24,912
 $24,892
  N/A
 $74,653
 $74,629
 
Total mortgage notes payable and credit facility 91
 $518,877
 $509,395
 (5)  101
 $552,400
 $566,059
 (5) 
 
(1)Interest rates on our fixed rate mortgage notes payable vary from 3.55% to 6.63%.
(2)We have 4548 mortgage notes payable with maturity dates ranging from 12/1/20174/22/2019 through 7/1/2045.
(3)Interest rates on our variable rate mortgage notes payable vary from one month LIBOR + 2.15%2.25% to one month LIBOR + 2.75%. At September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, one month LIBOR was approximately 1.24%2.49%.
(4)The weighted average interest rate on the mortgage notes outstanding at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 was approximately 4.52%4.69%.
(5)The weighted average interest rate on all debt outstanding at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 was approximately 4.34%4.60%.
(6)The amount we may draw under our Revolversenior unsecured revolving credit facility and Term Loanterm loan facility is based on a percentage of the fair value of a combined pool of 2433 unencumbered properties as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019.
N/A - Not Applicable


Mortgage Notes Payable

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we had 4548 mortgage notes payable, collateralized by a total of 6768 properties with a net book value of $674.9$647.0 million. We have limited recourse liabilities that could result from any one or more of the following circumstances: a borrower voluntarily filing for bankruptcy, improper conveyance of a property, fraud or material misrepresentation, misapplication or misappropriation of rents, security deposits, insurance proceeds or condemnation proceeds, or physical waste or damage to the property resulting from a borrower’s gross negligence or willful misconduct. We have full recourse for $11.7$10.2 million of the mortgages notes payable, outstanding,net, or 2.6%2.3% of the outstanding balance. We will also indemnify lenders against claims resulting from the presence of hazardous substances or activity involving hazardous substances in violation of environmental laws on a property. 

During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we partially repaid four mortgages,one mortgage collateralized by tenthree properties, releasing one of the collateralized properties which are aggregatedwas sold on January 31, 2019, which is summarized below (dollars in thousands):
 
Aggregate Fixed Rate Debt Repaid Weighted Average Interest Rate on Fixed Rate Debt Repaid
$41,077
 6.25%

Aggregate Variable Rate Debt Repaid Weighted Average Interest Rate on Variable Rate Debt Repaid
Fixed Rate Debt RepaidFixed Rate Debt Repaid Interest Rate on Fixed Rate Debt Repaid
$8,163
 LIBOR +2.50%3,530
 3.86%

During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we issued or assumed four mortgages, collateralized by seven properties, and drew an additional advance on an existingone mortgage, note, collateralized by one property, which are aggregatedis summarized in the table below (dollars in thousands):

Aggregate Fixed Rate Debt Issued or AssumedAggregate Fixed Rate Debt Issued or Assumed Weighted Average Interest Rate on Fixed Rate Debt Aggregate Variable Rate Debt Issued or Assumed Aggregate Fixed Rate Debt Issued or Assumed Weighted Average Interest Rate on Fixed Rate Debt
$54,887
(1)3.78%(2)$7,500
(3)10,640
(1)4.70%

(1)We issued or assumed $54.9$10.6 million of fixed rate or swapped to fixed rate debt in connection with our five property acquisitions with maturity dates ranging from April 1, 2026 to August 10, 2027.
(2)We assumed an interest rate swap in connection with one property acquisition and will be paying an all in fixed rateacquired on December 27, 2018 with a maturity date of 3.55%. The newly issued fixed rate mortgages have rates ranging from 3.75% to 3.89%.
(3)February 8, 2029. The interest rate is fixed at 4.70% for our issued variablethe first seven years of the mortgage. After the fixed interest rate mortgage debt isperiod expires, we have the option to adjust the interest rate to a fixed interest rate equal to one month LIBOR1.8% plus the three year treasury rate per annum, or a spread of 2.75%. The maturity date on this new variable rate debt is May 15, 2020. We have entered into a rate cap agreement on our new variable rate debt and will record all fair value changes into interest expense on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and other comprehensive income (loss). The interest rate for our additional advance on the existing mortgage note is equal to one month1.8% plus the 30 day LIBOR plus a spread of 2.50% and the maturity date is December 1, 2021.rate per annum.

We made payments of $0.6$0.3 million and $1.0$0.2 million for deferred financing costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We made payments of $0.4 million and $1.0 million for deferred financing costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.


Scheduled principal payments of mortgage notes payable for the remainder of 2017,nine months ending December 31, 2019, and each of the five succeeding fiscal years and thereafter are as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
Year Scheduled Principal Payments  Scheduled Principal Payments 
Three Months Ending December 31, 2017 $10,405
 
2018 47,806
 
2019 47,474
 
Nine Months Ending December 31, 2019 $56,820
 
2020 19,387
  32,238
 
2021 33,367
  37,259
 
2022 97,187
  97,805
 
2023 69,721
 
2024 19,009
 
Thereafter 199,764
  136,807
 
Total $455,390
(1) $449,659
(1)

(1)This figure does not include $0.3 million of premiums and (discounts),discounts, net, and $5.1$4.0 million of deferred financing costs, which are reflected in mortgage notes payable, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.sheets.

We believe we will be able to address all mortgage notes payable maturing over the next 12 months through a combination of refinancing our existing indebtedness, cash from operations, proceeds from one or more equity offerings and availability on our Credit Facility.


Interest Rate Cap and Interest Rate Swap Agreements

We have entered into interest rate cap agreements that cap the interest rate on certain of our variable-rate debt and we have assumed anor entered into interest rate swap agreementagreements in which we hedged our exposure to variable interest rates by agreeing to pay fixed interest rates to our respective counterparty. We have adopted the fair value measurement provisions for our financial instruments recorded at fair value. The fair value guidance establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. Generally, we will estimate the fair value of our interest rate caps and interest rate swap,swaps, in the absence of observable market data, using estimates of value including estimated remaining life, counterparty credit risk, current market yield and interest rate spreads of similar securities as of the measurement date. At September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, our interest rate cap agreements and interest rate swap were valued using Level 2 inputs.

The fair value of the interest rate cap agreements is recorded in other assets on our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. We record changes in the fair value of the interest rate cap agreements quarterly based on the current market valuations at quarter end asend. If the interest rate cap qualifies for hedge accounting, the change in the estimated fair value is recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income to the extent that it is effective, with any ineffective portion recorded to interest expense onin our accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss).income. If the interest rate cap does not qualify for hedge accounting, or if it is determined the hedge is ineffective, any change in the fair value is recognized in interest expense in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. The following table summarizes the interest rate caps at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 20162018 (dollars in thousands):
 
 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016  March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
Aggregate CostAggregate Cost Aggregate Notional Amount Aggregate Fair Value Aggregate Notional Amount Aggregate Fair ValueAggregate Cost Aggregate Notional Amount Aggregate Fair Value Aggregate Notional Amount Aggregate Fair Value
$482
(1)$93,920
 $49
 $71,721
 $101
1,105
(1)$116,991
 $248
 $134,678
 $622

(1)We have entered into various interest rate cap agreements on variable rate debt with LIBOR caps ranging from 2.50% to 3.00%3.25%.

We have assumed anor entered into interest rate swap agreementagreements in connection with certain of our June 22, 2017 acquisition,acquisitions, whereby we will pay our counterparty ana fixed rate interest rate equivalent to 1.80% on a monthly basis, and receive payments from our counterparty equivalent to one month LIBOR.the stipulated floating rate. The fair value of our interest rate swap agreement isagreements are recorded in other assets or other liabilities on our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. We have designated our interest rate swapswaps as a cash flow hedge,hedges, and we record changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreement to accumulated other comprehensive income on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.sheets. We record changes in fair value on a quarterly basis, using current market valuations at quarter end. We assumedThe following table summarizes our interest rate swap with a valueswaps at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands):

March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
Aggregate Notional Amount Aggregate Fair Value Asset Aggregate Fair Value Liability Aggregate Notional Amount Aggregate Fair Value Asset Aggregate Fair Value Liability
$24,595
 $256
 $(589) $24,732
 $451
 $(396)


The following tables present the impact of $0.04 million onour derivative instruments in the date of assumption, and the fair market value increased to $0.2 million at September 30, 2017. The swap has a notional value equal to the debt we assumed of $11.2 million, and has a termination date of April 1, 2026, which is also the maturity date of the assumed debt.condensed consolidated financial statements (dollars in thousands):

  Amount of Gain (Loss), net recognized in Comprehensive Income
  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2019 2018
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships    
Interest rate caps $(333) $373
Interest rate swaps (389) 122
     
Total $(722) $495

The following table sets forth certain information regarding our derivative instruments (dollars in thousands):

    Asset Derivatives Fair Value at
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments Balance Sheet Location March 31, 2019
 December 31, 2018
Interest rate caps Other assets $226
 $552
Interest rate swaps Other assets 256
 451
Interest rate swaps Other liabilities (589) (396)
       
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments      
Interest rate caps Other assets $22
 $70
       
Total derivatives   $(85) $677

The fair value of all mortgage notes payable outstanding as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 was $461.8$450.4 million, as compared to the carrying value stated above of $455.4$449.7 million. The fair value is calculated based on a discounted cash flow analysis, using management’s estimate of market interest rates on long-term debt with comparable terms and loan to value ratios. The fair value was calculated using Level 3 inputs of the hierarchy established by ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.”

Credit Facility

InOn August 7, 2013, we procured aour senior unsecured revolving credit facility or the Revolver,(“Revolver”) with KeyBank National Association (“KeyBank”) (serving as arevolving lender, a letter of credit issuer and an administrative agent). OnIn October 5, 2015, we expanded our Revolver to $85.0 million extended the maturity date one year through August 2018, withand entered into a one-year extension option through August 2019. We alsoterm loan facility (“Term Loan”) whereby we added a $25.0 million, term loan facility, or thefive-year Term Loan which matures in October 2020. The Revolver and the Term Loan are referred to collectively herein as the Credit Facility. The interest rate on the Revolver was also reduced by 25 basis points at each of the leverage tiers and the total maximum commitment under the Credit Facility was increased from $100.0 million to $150.0 million. We also added three new lenders to the bank syndicate, which is now comprised of KeyBank, Comerica Bank, Fifth Third Bank, US Bank and Huntington Bank.

The Term Loan is subject to the same leverage tiers as the Revolver; howeverRevolver, with the interest rate at each leverage tier isbeing five basis points lower.lower than that of the Revolver. We have the option to repay the Term Loan in full, or in part, at any time without penalty or premium prior to the maturity date. We refer to the Revolver and Term Loan collectively herein as the Credit Facility. On October 27, 2017, we amended this Credit Facility, increasing the Term Loan from $25.0 million, to $75.0 million, with the Revolver commitment remaining at $85.0 million. The Term Loan has a new five-year term, with a maturity date of October 27, 2022, and the Revolver has a new four-year term, with a maturity date of October 27, 2021. The interest rate for the Credit Facility was reduced by 25 basis points at each of the leverage tiers. We entered into multiple interest rate cap agreements on the amended Term Loan, which cap LIBOR at 2.75% in order to hedge our exposure to variable interest rates. We used the net proceeds of the amended Credit Facility to repay all previously existing borrowings under the Revolver. We incurred fees of approximately $0.9 million in connection with the Credit Facility amendment. The bank syndicate is now comprised of KeyBank, Fifth Third Bank, US Bank National Association and The Huntington National Bank.

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, there was $69.2$107.8 million outstanding under our Credit Facility at a weighted average interest rate of approximately 3.22%4.21% and $1.0$7.4 million outstanding under letters of credit at a weighted average interest rate of 2.00%1.75%. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the maximum additional amount we could draw under the Revolver was $34.0$39.5 million. We were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Facility as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019.


The amount outstanding under the Credit Facility approximates fair value as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019.

8. Mandatorily Redeemable Term Preferred Stock

In February 2012, we completed a public offering of 1,540,000 shares of 7.125% Series C Cumulative Term Preferred Stock (“Term Preferred Stock”), par value $0.001 per share, at a public offering price of $25.00 per share. Gross proceeds of the offering totaled $38.5 million and net proceeds, after deducting offering expenses borne by us, were $36.7 million. The shares of the Term Preferred Stock had a mandatory redemption date of January 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we redeemed all outstanding shares of the Term Preferred Stock. Accordingly, we wrote-off unamortized offering costs of $0.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2016, which were recorded to interest expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss).

The Term Preferred Stock was recorded as a liability in accordance with ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity,” which states that mandatorily redeemable financial instruments should be classified as liabilities and therefore the related dividend payments are treated as a component of interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss).

9.7. Commitments and Contingencies

Ground Leases

We are obligated as lessee under four ground leases. Future minimum rentallease payments due under the terms of these leases as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

Year Minimum Rental Payments Due Future Lease Payments Due Under Operating Leases
Three Months Ending December 31, 2017��$117
2018 465
2019 465
Nine Months Ending December 31, 2019 $349
2020 466
 466
2021 392
 477
2022 319
 489
2023 492
2024 493
Thereafter 4,236
 7,799
Total $6,460
Total anticipated lease payments $10,565
Less: amount representing interest (4,617)
Present value of lease payments $5,948

Expenses recorded in connection to rental

Rental expense incurred for the properties listed abovewith ground lease obligations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 wereMarch 31, 2019 and 2018 was $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, and during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 were $0.1 million, respectively. Our ground leases are treated as operating leases and $0.4 million, respectively. Rentalrental expenses are reflected in property operating expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss).income.

Future minimum rental payments due under the terms of these leases as of December 31, 2018, are as follows (dollars in thousands):

For the year ended December 31, Minimum Rental Payments Due
2019 $465
2020 466
2021 392
2022 319
2023 322
Thereafter 3,914
  $5,878

Letters of Credit

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, there was $1.0$7.4 million outstanding under letters of credit. These letters of credit are not reflected on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.sheets.


10. Stockholders’8. Equity and Mezzanine Equity

Stockholders’ Equity

The following table summarizes the changes in our stockholders’ equity for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017 (dollars inMarch 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):
 
 Shares Issued and Retired              Three Months Ended March 31,
 Series A and B Preferred Stock Common Stock Senior Common Stock Series A and B Preferred Stock Senior Common Stock Common Stock Additional Paid in Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (1) Distributions in Excess of Accumulated Earnings Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2016 2,264,000
 24,882,758
 959,552
 $2
 $1
 $25
 $463,436
 $
 $(223,587) $239,877
Series A and B Preferred Stock20192018
Balance, beginning of period$2
$2
Issuance of Series A and B preferred stock, net

Balance, end of period$2
$2
Senior Common Stock 
Balance, beginning of period$1
$1
Issuance of senior common stock, net

Balance, end of period$1
$1
Common Stock 
Balance, beginning of period$29
$28
Issuance of common stock, net1

Balance, end of period$30
$28
Additional Paid in Capital 
Balance, beginning of period$559,977
$534,790
Issuance of Series A and B preferred stock and common stock, net 
 2,785,303
 
 
 
 3
 56,731
 
 
 56,734
14,111
643
Conversion of senior common stock to common stock 
 26,563
 (29,762) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retirement of senior common stock, net 
 
 (1,598) 
 
 
 (24) 
 
 (24)
(34)
Distributions declared to common, senior common and preferred stockholders 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (37,130) (37,130)
Adjustment to OP Units held by Non-controlling OP Unitholders resulting from changes in ownership of the Operating Partnership(220)
Balance, end of period$573,868
$535,399
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income 
Balance, beginning of period$(148)$35
Comprehensive income 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 172
 
 172
(722)495
Balance, end of period$(870)$530
Distributions in Excess of Accumulated Earnings 
Balance, beginning of period$(310,117)$(268,058)
Distributions declared to common, senior common, and preferred stockholders(13,913)(13,474)
Net income 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7,403
 7,403
4,628
4,605
Balance at September 30, 2017 2,264,000
 27,694,624
 928,192
 $2
 $1
 $28
 $520,143
 $172
 $(253,314) $267,032
Balance, end of period$(319,402)$(276,927)
Total Stockholders' Equity 
Balance, beginning of period$249,744
$266,798
Issuance of Series A and B preferred stock and common stock, net14,112
643
Retirement of senior common stock, net
(34)
Distributions declared to common, senior common, and preferred stockholders(13,913)(13,474)
Comprehensive income(722)495
Adjustment to OP Units held by Non-controlling OP Unitholders resulting from changes in ownership of the Operating Partnership(220)
Net income4,628
4,605
Balance, end of period$253,629
$259,033
Non-Controlling Interest 
Balance, beginning of period$4,675
$
Distributions declared to Non-controlling OP Unit holders(278)
Adjustment to OP Units held by Non-controlling OP Unitholders resulting from changes in ownership of the Operating Partnership220

Net income45

Balance, end of period$4,662
$
Total Equity$258,291
$259,033


(1)
The only element of comprehensive income recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 relates to the fair value adjustment of $0.17 million related to our assumed interest rate swap described in Footnote 7 "Mortgage Notes Payable and Credit Facility," to these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Distributions

We paid the following distributions per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016:2018:
 
 For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30,  For the three months ended March 31,
 2017 2016 2017 2016  2019 2018
Common Stock $0.375
 $0.375
 $1.125
 $1.125
 
Common Stock and Non-controlling OP Units $0.375
 $0.375
Senior Common Stock 0.2625
 0.2625
 0.7875
 0.7875
  0.2625
 0.2625
Series A Preferred Stock 0.4843749
 0.4843749
 1.4531247
 1.4531247
  0.4843749
 0.4843749
Series B Preferred Stock 0.4688
 0.4688
 1.4063
 1.4063
  0.46875
 0.46875
Series C Preferred Stock 

0.2424
(1)

1.1330
(1)
Series D Preferred Stock 0.4375
 0.4375
 1.3125
 0.6163
  0.4374999
 0.4374999

(1)We fully redeemed our Series C Preferred Stock on August 19, 2016.

Recent Activity

Common Stock Offering

In July 2017, we completed an overnight offering of 1.2 million shares of our common stock, at a public offering price of $20.52 per share. Net proceeds, after deducting underwriter discounts, were $22.7 million. The proceeds from this offering were used to acquire real estate, repay existing indebtedness, and for other general corporate purposes. The offering's underwriters exercised their overallotment option, purchasing an additional 0.2 million shares of our common stock at the public offering price of $20.52 per share. Net proceeds from exercise of the option to purchase additional shares, after deducting underwriter discounts, were $3.4 million. The proceeds from this overallotment were also used to acquire real estate, repay existing indebtedness, and for other general corporate purposes.

Common Stock ATM Program

In February 2016,During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we amendedsold 0.7 million shares of common stock, raising $14.1 million in net proceeds under our common ATM programopen market sales agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald (the “Common Stock ATM Program”). The amendment increased the amount of shares of common stock that we may offer and sell through Cantor Fitzgerald, to $160.0 million. All other material terms of the Common Stock ATM program remained unchanged. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we sold 1.5 million shares of common stock, raising $30.8 million in net proceeds under the Common Stock ATM Program. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we had a remaining capacity to sell up to $101.1$55.6 million of common stock under the Common Stock ATM Program.

Series A and B Preferred Stock ATM Programs

In February 2016, we entered into anUnder another open market sales agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald (the “Series A and B Preferred ATM Program”), pursuant to which we may, from time to time, offer to sell (i) shares of our 7.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred”), and (ii) shares of our 7.50% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series B Preferred”), having an aggregate offering price of up to $40.0 million, through Cantor Fitzgerald, acting as sales agent and/or principal. We did not sell any shares of our Series A Preferred or Series B Preferred during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we had a remaining capacity to sell up to $37.2 million of preferred stock under the Series A and B Preferred ATM Program.

Mezzanine Equity

TheOur 7.00% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series D Preferred”), is classified as mezzanine equity inon our condensed consolidated balance sheetsheets because it is redeemable at the option of the shareholder upon a change of control of greater than 50% in accordance with ASC 480-10-S99 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity,” which requires mezzanine equity classification for preferred stock issuances with redemption features which are outside of the control of the issuer. A change in control of our company, outside of our control, is only possible if a tender offer is accepted by over 90% of our shareholders. All other change in control situations would require input from our Board of Directors. We will periodically evaluate the likelihood that a change of control greater than 50% will take place, and if we deem this probable, we would adjust the Series D Preferred presented in mezzanine equity to their redemption value, with the offset to gain (loss) on extinguishment. We currently believe the likelihood of a change of control greater than 50% is remote.

In June 2016, we entered into anUnder a third open market sales agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald (the “Series D Preferred ATM Program”), pursuant to which we may, from time to time, offer to sell shares of our Series D Preferred, having an aggregate offering price of up to $50.0 million, through Cantor Fitzgerald, acting as sales agent and/or principal. During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we sold approximately 0.4 milliondid not sell any shares of our Series D Preferred for net proceeds of $11.2 million.under our Series D Preferred ATM Program. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we had a remaining capacity to sell up to $22.3$18.6 million of Series D Preferred under the Series D Preferred ATM Program.

Amendment to Articles of Incorporation

On JanuaryApril 11, 2017,2018, we filed with the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation an Articles Supplementary reclassifying the remaining 160,0003,500,000 authorized but unissued shares of our Series C Preferred Stock,convertible senior common stock (the “Senior Common Stock”), as authorized but unissued shares of our common stock, and made a corresponding amendment to the Operating Partnership’s Partnership Agreement with regard to corresponding units of partnership interest.stock. As a result of the reclassification, there are zerowere 57,969 authorized but unissued shares of Series C Preferred Stock and zero authorized corresponding units of partnership interest remaining. Senior Common Stock.


On the same date,April 11, 2018, we also filed with the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation an Articles of Restatement, restatingAmendment to increase the number of shares of capital stock we have authority to issue to 100,000,000 and integrating intoauthorized common stock to 87,700,000 shares.

Universal Shelf Registration Statement

On January 11, 2019, we filed a single instrument alluniversal registration statement on Form S-3, File No. 333-229209, and an amendment thereto on Form-S-3/A on January 24, 2019 (collectively referred to as the “Universal Shelf”). The Universal Shelf became effective on February 13, 2019 and replaces our prior Articles Supplementary and amendments thereto.universal shelf registration statement. The Universal Shelf allows us to issue up to $500.0 million of securities. As of March 31, 2019, we had the ability to issue up to $489.2 million under the Universal Shelf.

11.9. Subsequent Events

Distributions

On October 10, 2017,April 9, 2019, our Board of Directors declared the following monthly distributions for the months of October, NovemberApril, May and DecemberJune of 2017:2019:

 
Record Date Payment Date Common Stock Distributions per Share Series A Preferred Distributions per Share Series B Preferred Distributions per Share Series D Preferred Distributions per Share
October 20, 2017 October 31, 2017 $0.125
 $0.1614583
 $0.15625
 $0.1458333
November 20, 2017 November 30, 2017 0.125
 0.1614583
 0.15625
 0.1458333
December 19, 2017 December 29, 2017 0.125
 0.1614583
 0.15625
 0.1458333

   $0.375
 $0.4843749
 $0.46875
 $0.4374999
Record Date Payment Date Common Stock and Non-controlling OP Unit Distributions per Share Series A Preferred Distributions per Share Series B Preferred Distributions per Share Series D Preferred Distributions per Share
April 22, 2019 April 30, 2019 $0.125
 $0.1614583
 $0.15625
 $0.1458333
May 22, 2019 May 31, 2019 0.125
 0.1614583
 0.15625
 0.1458333
June 19, 2019 June 28, 2019 0.125
 0.1614583
 0.15625
 0.1458333

   $0.375
 $0.4843749
 $0.46875
 $0.4374999

Senior Common Stock Distributions
Payable to the Holders of Record During the Month of: Payment Date Distribution per Share
October November 7, 2017 $0.0875
November December 7, 2017 0.0875
December January 8, 2018 0.0875

   $0.2625

Held for Sale and Leasing Activity

On October 19, 2017, we executed a purchase and sale agreement with the tenant leasing our Arlington, Texas property to sell them the property for $5.6 million. We expect the sale to be completed during first quarter 2018. Concurrently with the purchase and sale agreement, we executed a lease amendment with this tenant, whereby the tenant has agreed to a 10-year renewal if the sale of this property is not completed for any reason.

Credit Facility Activity

On October 27, 2017, we amended our existing Credit Facility. The Term Loan component of the Credit Facility was increased from $25.0 million, to $75.0 million, with the Revolver commitment remaining at $85.0 million. The Term Loan has a new five-year term, with a maturity date of October 27, 2022, and the Revolver has a new four-year term, with a maturity date of October 27, 2021. The interest rate for the Credit Facility was reduced by 25 basis points at each of the leverage tiers. We entered into interest rate cap agreements on the amended Term Loan, which cap LIBOR at 2.75%. We used the net proceeds of the amended Credit Facility to repay all previously existing borrowings under the Revolver. We incurred fees of approximately $0.9 million in connection with the Credit Facility amendment. The bank syndicate is now comprised of KeyBank, Fifth Third Bank, US Bank and Huntington Bank.
Senior Common Stock Distributions
Payable to the Holders of Record During the Month of: Payment Date Distribution per Share
April May 7, 2019 $0.0875
May June 7, 2019 0.0875
June July 8, 2019 0.0875

   $0.2625

ATM Equity Activity

Subsequent to September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and through October 31, 2017,April 30, 2019, we raised $0.2$6.8 million in net proceeds from the sale of 0.01 million332,709 shares of common stock inCommon Stock under our Common Stock ATM Program. We made no sales under our Series A, B or D Preferred ATM ProgramsProgram or Series A and B Preferred Stock ATM Program subsequent to September 30,2017March 31, 2019 and through October 31, 2017.April 30, 2019.

Acquisition Activity

On April 5, 2019, we purchased a 383,000 square feet, two industrial property portfolio located in a suburb of Orlando, Florida for $19.2 million. These properties are fully leased to one tenant for 20 years on a triple net lease basis. Annualized GAAP rent for this portfolio is $1.5 million.

On April 30, 2019, we purchased a 54,430 square feet, industrial property located in a suburb of Columbus, Ohio for $3.1 million. This property is fully leased to one tenant for seven years on a triple net lease basis. Annualized GAAP rent for this property is $0.2 million.

Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

All statements contained herein, other than historical facts, may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended or the Exchange Act.(the “Exchange Act”). These statements may relate to, among other things, future events or our future performance or financial condition. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “might,” “believe,” “will,” “provided,” “anticipate,” “future,” “could,” “growth,” “plan,” “intend,” “expect,” “should,” “would,” “if,” “seek,” “possible,” “potential,” “likely” or the negative of such terms or comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, funds from operations or prospects to be materially different from any future business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, funds from operations or prospects expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. For further information about these and other factors that could affect our future results, please see the captions titled “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2018. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which are made pursuant to the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and, as such, speak only as of the date made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

All references to “we,” “our,” “us” and “us”the “Company” in this Report mean Gladstone Commercial Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, except where otherwise noted or where the context indicates that the term means only Gladstone Commercial Corporation.

General

We are an externally-advised real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that was incorporated under the General Corporation Law of the State of Maryland on February 14, 2003. We focus on acquiring, owning, and managing primarily office and industrial properties. On a selective basis, we may make long term industrial and commercialoffice mortgage loans; however, we do not have any mortgage loans currently outstanding. Our properties are geographically diversified and our tenants cover a broad cross section of business sectors and range in size from small to very large private and public companies. We actively communicate with buyout funds, real estate brokers and other third parties to locate properties for potential acquisition or to provide mortgage financing in an effort to build our portfolio. We target secondary growth markets that possess favorable economic growth trends, diversified industries, and growing population and employment.

We have historically entered into, and intend in the future to enter into, purchase agreements primarily for real estate having net leases with remaining terms of approximately 7 to 15 years and built in rental rate increases. Under a net lease, the tenant is required to pay most or all operating, maintenance, repair and insurance costs and real estate taxes with respect to the leased property.

All references to annualized generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) rent are rents that each tenant pays in accordance with the terms of its respective lease reported evenly over the non-cancelable term of the lease.

As of October 31, 2017:April 30, 2019:
 
we owned 97105 properties totaling 11.212.2 million square feet in 24 states;
our occupancy rate was 97.9%99.0%;
the weighted average remaining term of our mortgage debt was 6.65.9 years and the weighted average interest rate was 4.52%4.69%; and
the average remaining lease term of the portfolio was 7.77.2 years.


Business Environment

In the United States, vacancy rates have decreased for both office and industrial properties in most markets, as increased user demand has led to improved conditions. Vacancy rates in many markets have been reduced to levels seen at the peak before the most recent U.S. recession and rental rates have increased in most primary and secondary markets. This condition has ledReports from national research firms reflect that the industrial supply and demand relationship still appears to be in equilibrium, but that office supply and demand in select markets may be moving towards a riseslight increase in construction activity for both office and industrial properties in many markets.vacancy. Interest rates have been volatile since the beginning of 2016 and although interest rates are still relatively low by historical standards, lenders have varied on their required spreads over the last several quarters and overall financing costs for fixed rate mortgages appear to be on the rise. At the beginning of the year, several research firm surveys reflected that the current real estate cycle may be peaking from both a volume and price standpoint. 2016rising trend, although they have somewhat stabilized with recent Federal Reserve announcements. The 2018 year-end statistics from national research firms indicateestimate that total investment sales volume was approximately 10% lesssimilar to 2017 reported volume, and that pricing may be peaking. The 2018 year-end statistics also indicate that a major contributor to the growth in volume is attributed to the closing of significantly large portfolio and entity transactions, which reported large increases over 2017 volume. First quarter 2019 investment volume appears to be consistent with first quarter 2018, although individual property listings appear to be lower than the volume recorded in 2015. That reduction continued through the second quarter of 2017 as research firms reported that investment volume for the quarter was nearly 10% less than the level for the first six months of 2016.prior year over year period.

From a more macro-economic perspective, the strength of the global economy and U.S. economy in particular continue to be uncertain with increased volatility due touncertain. The long-term impact of the vote last year in the United Kingdom to exit the European Union, the uncertaintyrecent passage of health care and tax reform initiatives in the United States and an apparentis unknown at this time, although the lowering of the corporate tax rate is generally expected be beneficial. Finally, the continuing global economic slowdown. In addition, the uncertainty surrounding the ability of the federal government to address its fiscal condition in both the near and long term as well as other geo-political issues has increased domestic and global instability. These developments could cause interest rates and borrowing costs to rise, which may adversely affect our ability to access both the equity and debt markets and could have an adverse effect on our tenants as well.

We continue to focus on re-leasing vacant space, renewing upcoming lease expirations, re-financing upcoming loan maturities, and acquiring additional properties with associated long-term leases. Currently, we only have one fully vacant building, located in Tewksbury, Massachusetts, as well as a total of twothree partially vacant buildings. Our Newburyport, Massachusetts property, which was previously fully vacant, was classified as held for sale as of June 30, 2017, and subsequently sold in August 2017.

We have one leasethree leases expiring in 2017, which accounts for 0.04% of rental revenue we recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and oneremainder of 2019, which account for 3.1% of lease expiring in 2018, which accounts for 0.1% of rental revenue recognized during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019, 9 leases expiring in 2020, which account for 8.5% of lease revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2019, and 12 leases expiring in 2021, which account for 8.0% of lease revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Our available vacant space at September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 represents 2.1%1.1% of our total square footage and the annual carrying costs on the vacant space, including real estate taxes and property operating expenses, are approximately $0.6$0.5 million. We continue to actively seek new tenants for these properties.

Our ability to make new investments is highly dependent upon our ability to procure financing. Our principal sources of financing generally include the issuance of equity securities, long-term mortgage loans secured by properties, borrowings under our $85.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility (“Revolver”), with KeyBank National Association (serving as a revolving lender, a letter of credit issuer and an administrative agent), which matures in October 2021, and our $75.0 million term loan facility (“Term Loan”), which matures in October 2022, which we refer to collectively herein as the Credit Facility. While lenders’ credit standards have tightened, we continue to look to national and regional banks, insurance companies and non-bank lenders, in addition to the collateralized mortgage backed securities market, or the CMBS market,(the “CMBS market”), to issue mortgages to finance our real estate activities.

In addition to obtaining funds through borrowing, we have been active in the equity markets during and subsequent to the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019. We completed an overnight offering of our common stock, and we have also issued shares of both common stock and Series D Preferred Stock through our at-the-market programs, or ATM Programs, pursuant to our open market sale agreements with Cantor Fitzgerald, discussed in more detail below.


Recent Developments

20172019 Sale Activity

During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we continued to execute our capital recycling program, whereby we sell non-core properties outside of our core markets and redeploy proceeds to fund property acquisitions located in our target secondary growth markets, oras well as repay outstanding debt. We will continue to execute our capital recycling plan and sell non-core properties as reasonable disposition opportunities arebecome available. During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we sold fourone non-core properties, and applied the proceeds towards outstanding debt,property located in Maitland, Florida, which is summarized in the table below (dollars in thousands):

Aggregate Square Footage Sold Aggregate Sales Price Aggregate Sales Costs Aggregate Impairment Charge for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Aggregate Gain on Sale of Real Estate, net
593,763
 $30,302
 $803
 $3,999
 $3,993
Square Footage Sold Sales Price Sales Costs Gain on Sale of Real Estate, net
50,000
 $6,850
 $532
 $2,952

20172019 Acquisition Activity

During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we acquired fivetwo properties, one located in Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, one located ina suburb of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and three-properties located in Maitland, Florida, all ofIndianapolis, Indiana, which are summarized in the table below (dollars in thousands):
Aggregate Square FootageAggregate Square Footage Weighted Average Lease Term Aggregate Purchase Price Acquisition Costs Aggregate Annualized GAAP Rent Aggregate Debt Issued and AssumedAggregate Square Footage Weighted Average Lease Term Aggregate Purchase Price Acquisition Costs Aggregate Annualized GAAP Rent
666,451
 10.7 years $94,421

$1,171
(1)$10,776
 $54,887
60,850
 12.2 years $6,315

$130
(1)$516

(1)We early adoptedaccounted for these transactions under ASU 2017-01, “Clarifying the Definition of a Business,” effective October 1, 2016.2017-01. As a result, we treated our 2017these acquisitions as asset acquisitions rather than business combinations. As a result of this treatment, we capitalized $1.2$0.1 million of acquisition costs that would otherwise have been expensed under business combination treatment.

2017On April 5, 2019, we purchased a 383,000 square feet, two industrial property portfolio located in a suburb of Orlando, Florida for $19.2 million. These properties are fully leased to one tenant for 20 years on a triple net lease basis. Annualized GAAP rent for this portfolio is $1.5 million.

On April 30, 2019, we purchased a 54,430 square feet, industrial property located in a suburb of Columbus, Ohio for $3.1 million. This property is fully leased to 1 tenant for seven years on a triple net lease basis. Annualized GAAP rent for this property is $0.2 million.

2019 Leasing Activity

During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we executed six lease extensions and/or modifications, ortwo new leases, which are summarized below (dollars in thousands):
 
Nine Months Ended Aggregate Square Footage Weighted Average Lease Term Aggregate Annualized GAAP Rent Aggregate Tenant Improvement Aggregate Leasing Commissions
September 30, 2017 577,471
 8.9 years 4,062
 1,181
 475
Three Months Ended Aggregate Square Footage Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term Aggregate Annualized GAAP Rent Aggregate Leasing Commissions
March 31, 2019 130,240
 6.2 years $1,187
 $71

20172019 Financing Activity

During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we partially repaid four mortgages,one mortgage collateralized by tenthree properties, releasing one of the collateralized properties which are aggregated below (dollars in thousands):

Aggregate Fixed Rate Debt Repaid Weighted Average Interest Rate on Fixed Rate Debt Repaid
$41,077
 6.25%

Aggregate Variable Rate Debt Repaid Weighted Average Interest Rate on Variable Rate Debt Repaid
$8,163
 LIBOR +2.50%


During nine months ended September 30, 2017, we issued or assumed four mortgages, collateralized by seven properties,was sold on January 31, 2019, which areis summarized below (dollars in thousands):

Aggregate Fixed Rate Debt Issued or Assumed Weighted Average Interest Rate on Fixed Rate Debt Aggregate Variable Rate Debt Issued or Assumed 
Fixed Rate Debt RepaidFixed Rate Debt Repaid Interest Rate on Fixed Rate Debt Repaid
$54,887
(1)3.78%(2)$7,500
(3)3,530
 3.86%

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we issued one mortgage, collateralized by one property, which is summarized below (dollars in thousands):
Aggregate Fixed Rate Debt Issued or Assumed Weighted Average Interest Rate on Fixed Rate Debt
$10,640
(1)4.70%

(1)We issued or assumed $54.9$10.6 million of fixed rate or swapped to fixed rate debt in connection with our five property acquisitions with maturity dates ranging from April 1, 2026 to August 10, 2027.
(2)We assumed an interest rate swap in connection with one property acquisition and will be paying an all in fixed rateacquired on December 27, 2018, with a maturity date of 3.55%. The newly issued fixed rate mortgages have rates ranging from 3.75% to 3.89%.
(3)February 8, 2029. The interest rate is fixed at 4.70% for our issued variablethe first seven years of the mortgage. After the fixed interest rate mortgage debt isperiod expires, we have the option to adjust the interest rate to a fixed interest rate equal to one month LIBOR1.8%, plus the three-year treasury rate per annum, or a spread of 2.75%. The maturity date on this new variable rate debt is May 15, 2020. We have entered into a rate cap agreement on our new variable rate debt and will record all fair value changes into interest expense on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and other comprehensive income (loss). The interest rate for our additional advance on the existing mortgage note is equal to one month1.8%, plus the 30 day LIBOR plus a spread of 2.50% and the maturity date is December 1, 2021.rate per annum.

On October 27, 2017, we amended our existing Credit Facility. The Term Loan component of the Credit Facility was increased from $25.0 million, to $75.0 million, with the Revolver commitment remaining at $85.0 million. The Term Loan has a new five-year term, with a maturity date of October 27, 2022, and the Revolver has a new four-year term, with a maturity date of October 27, 2021. The interest rate for the Credit Facility was reduced by 25 basis points at each of the leverage tiers. We entered into interest rate cap agreements on the amended Term Loan, which cap LIBOR at 2.75%. We used the net proceeds of the amended Credit Facility to repay all previously existing borrowings under the Revolver. We incurred fees of approximately $0.9 million in connection with the Credit Facility amendment. The bank syndicate is now comprised of KeyBank, Fifth Third Bank, US Bank and Huntington Bank.

20172019 Equity Activities

Common Stock Offering

In July 2017, we completed an overnight offering of 1.2 million shares of our common stock at a public offering price of $20.52 per share. Net proceeds, after deducting underwriter discounts, were $22.7 million. The proceeds from this offering were used to acquire real estate, repay existing indebtedness, and for other general corporate purposes. The offering's underwriters exercised their overallotment option, purchasing an additional 0.2 million shares of our common stock at the public offering price of $20.52 per share. Net proceeds from exercise of the option to purchase additional shares, after deducting underwriter discounts, were $3.4 million. The proceeds from this overallotment were used to acquire real estate, repay existing indebtedness, and for other general corporate purposes.

Common Stock ATM Program

In February 2016,During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we amendedsold 0.7 million shares of common stock, raising $14.1 million in net proceeds under our common ATM programopen market sales agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald (the “Common Stock ATM Program”). The amendment increased the amount of shares of common stock that we may offer and sell through Cantor Fitzgerald, to $160.0 million. All other terms of the Common Stock ATM program remained unchanged. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we sold 1.5 million shares of common stock, raising $30.8 million in net proceeds under the Common Stock ATM Program. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we had a remaining capacity to sell up to $101.1$55.6 million of common stock under the Common Stock ATM Program. Subsequent to September 30, 2017 and through October 31, 2017, we raised $0.2 million in net proceeds from the sale of 0.01 million shares of common stock through our Common Stock ATM Program.


Preferred ATM Programs

Series A and B Preferred Stock: In February 2016, we entered into anUnder another open market sales agreement (the “Series A and B Preferred ATM Program”), with Cantor Fitzgerald, pursuant to which we may, from time to time, offer to sell (i) shares of our 7.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred”), and (ii) shares of our 7.50% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series B Preferred”), having an aggregate offering price of up to $40.0 million, through Cantor Fitzgerald, acting as sales agent and/or principal. We did not sell any shares of our Series A Preferred or Series B Preferred during ninethe three months ended September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we had a remaining capacity to sell up to $37.2 million of preferred stock under the Series A and B Preferred ATM Program. Subsequent to September 30, 2017 and through October 31, 2017, we made no sales under our Series A and Series B Preferred ATM Programs.

Series D Preferred Stock: In June 2016, we entered into anUnder a third open market sales agreement (the “Series D Preferred ATM Program”) , with Cantor Fitzgerald, pursuant to which we may, from time to time, offer to sell shares of our 7.00% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred (“Series D Preferred”), having an aggregate offering price of up to $50.0 million, through Cantor Fitzgerald, acting as sales agent and/or principal. During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we sold approximately 0.4 milliondid not sell any shares of our Series D Preferred for net proceeds of $11.2 million.under our Series D Preferred ATM Program. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we had a remaining capacity to sell up to $22.3$18.6 million of Series D Preferred under the Series D Preferred ATM Program. Subsequent to September 30, 2017 and through October 31, 2017, we made no sales under our Series D Preferred ATM Program.

Amendment to Articles of Incorporation

On JanuaryApril 11, 2017,2018, we filed with the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation an Articles Supplementary reclassifying the remaining 160,0003,500,000 authorized but unissued shares of our Series C Preferred Stock,convertible senior common stock (the “Senior Common Stock”), as authorized but unissued shares of our common stock, and made a corresponding amendment to the partnership agreement of our operating partnership, Gladstone Commercial Limited Partnership, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of ours, with regard to corresponding units of partnership interest.stock. As a result of the reclassification, there are zerowere 57,969 authorized but unissued shares of Series C Preferred Stock and zero authorized corresponding units of partnership interest remaining. Senior Common Stock.

On the same date,April 11, 2018, we also filed with the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation an Articles of Restatement, restatingAmendment to increase the number of shares of capital stock we have authority to issue to 100,000,000 and integrating intoauthorized common stock to 87,700,000 shares.

Universal Shelf Registration Statement

On January 11, 2019, we filed a single instrument alluniversal registration statement on Form S-3, File No. 333-229209, and an amendment thereto on Form-S-3/A on January 24, 2019 (collectively referred to as the “Universal Shelf”). The Universal Shelf became effective on February 13, 2019 and replaces our prior Articles Supplementary and amendments thereto.universal shelf registration statement. The Universal Shelf allows us to issue up to $500.0 million of securities. As of March 31, 2019, we had the ability to issue up to $489.2 million under the Universal Shelf.



Diversity of Our Portfolio

Our AdviserGladstone Management Corporation, a Delaware corporation (our “Adviser”) seeks to diversify our portfolio to avoid dependence on any one particular tenant, industry or geographic market. By diversifying our portfolio, our Adviser intends to reduce the adverse effect on our portfolio of a single under-performing investment or a downturn in any particular industry or geographic market. For the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, our largest tenant comprised only 5.3%4.3% of total rental income.lease revenue. The table below reflects the breakdown of our total rental incomelease revenue by tenant industry classification for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 20162018 (dollars in thousands):
 
 For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30, For the three months ended March 31,
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2019 2018
Industry Classification Rental Revenue Percentage of Rental Revenue Rental Revenue Percentage of Rental Revenue Rental Revenue Percentage of Rental Revenue Rental Revenue Percentage of Rental Revenue Lease Revenue Percentage of Lease Revenue Lease Revenue Percentage of Lease Revenue
Telecommunications $3,930
 16.5% $3,384
 16.0% $11,649
 17.1% $9,943
 15.9% $4,769
 16.9% $4,053
 15.5%
Healthcare 3,001
 12.6
 3,379
 15.9
 10,127
 14.8
 10,163
 16.2
Automobile 2,875
 12.1
 2,639
 12.4
 8,303
 12.2
 7,910
 12.6
 3,779
 13.4
 2,953
 11.2
Diversified/Conglomerate Services 2,993
 12.6
 1,987
 9.4
 7,009
 10.3
 5,929
 9.4
 3,653
 13.0
 3,581
 13.6
Healthcare 3,256
 11.6
 3,240
 12.3
Banking 2,213
 7.9
 2,059
 7.8
Information Technology 1,498
 6.3
 946
 4.5
 4,496
 6.6
 2,261
 3.6
 1,554
 5.5
 1,533
 5.8
Personal, Food & Miscellaneous Services 1,499
 5.3
 1,497
 5.7
Diversified/Conglomerate Manufacturing 1,210
 5.1
 1,205
 5.7
 3,621
 5.3
 3,504
 5.6
 1,265
 4.5
 1,267
 4.8
Buildings and Real Estate 1,127
 4.0
 1,093
 4.1
Electronics 1,068
 4.4
 1,082
 5.1
 3,232
 4.7
 3,246
 5.2
 1,124
 4.0
 1,072
 4.1
Personal, Food & Miscellaneous Services 1,423
 6.0
 892
 4.2
 3,208
 4.7
 2,677
 4.3
Chemicals, Plastics & Rubber 722
 3.0
 775
 3.7
 2,215
 3.3
 2,335
 3.7
 745
 2.6
 728
 2.8
Buildings and Real Estate 1,019
 4.3
 550
 2.6
 2,187
 3.2
 1,646
 2.6
Personal & Non-Durable Consumer Products 663
 2.8
 658
 3.1
 1,991
 2.9
 1,970
 3.1
 605
 2.2
 672
 2.5
Banking 760
 3.2
 614
 2.9
 1,986
 2.9
 1,839
 2.9
Machinery 560
 2.3
 644
 3.0
 1,681
 2.5
 2,007
 3.2
 562
 2.0
 562
 2.1
Childcare 556
 2.3
 556
 2.6
 1,667
 2.4
 1,667
 2.7
 557
 2.0
 557
 2.1
Containers, Packaging & Glass 456
 1.6
 456
 1.7
Beverage, Food & Tobacco 525
 2.2
 525
 2.5
 1,577
 2.3
 1,577
 2.5
 376
 1.3
 445
 1.7
Containers, Packaging & Glass 430
 1.8
 682
 3.2
 1,379
 2.0
 2,019
 3.2
Printing & Publishing 286
 1.2
 391
 1.8
 1,036
 1.5
 1,170
 1.9
 300
 1.1
 288
 1.1
Education 164
 0.7
 164
 0.8
 492
 0.7
 492
 0.8
 165
 0.6
 165
 0.6
Home & Office Furnishings 132
 0.6
 132
 0.6
 397
 0.6
 397
 0.6
 132
 0.5
 132
 0.5
Total $23,815
 100.0% $21,205
 100.0% $68,253
 100.0% $62,752
 100.0% $28,137
 100.0% $26,353
 100.0%


The tabletables below reflectsreflect the breakdown of total rental incomelease revenue by state for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 20162018 (dollars in thousands):

State Rental Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2017 % of Base Rent Number of Leases for the three months ended September 30, 2017 Rental Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2016 % of Base Rent Number of Leases for the three months ended September 30, 2016
Texas $3,822
 16.0% 12
 $3,722
 17.6% 12
Pennsylvania 3,214
 13.5
 9
 1,678
 7.9
 6
Florida 2,264
 9.5
 10
 723
 3.4
 3
Ohio 1,964
 8.3
 13
 2,385
 11.2
 15
North Carolina 1,512
 6.4
 8
 1,499
 7.1
 8
Georgia 1,192
 5.0
 6
 1,194
 5.6
 6
South Carolina 1,153
 4.8
 2
 1,153
 5.4
 2
Michigan 1,082
 4.5
 4
 1,074
 5.1
 4
Utah 946
 4.0
 2
 946
 4.5
 2
Minnesota 930
 3.9
 6
 843
 4.0
 4
All Other States 5,736
 24.1
 33
 5,988
 28.2
 36
Total $23,815
 100.0% 105
 $21,205
 100.0% 98

State Rental Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 % of Base Rent Number of Leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 Rental Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 % of Base Rent Number of Leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 Lease Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019 Percentage of Lease Revenue Number of Leases for the three months ended March 31, 2019 Lease Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2018 Percentage of Lease Revenue Number of Leases for the three months ended March 31, 2018
Texas $11,372
 16.7% 12
 $11,157
 17.8% 12
 $3,949
 14.0% 12
 $4,006
 15.2% 12
Florida 3,763
 13.4
 9
 3,017
 11.4
 10
Pennsylvania 7,721
 11.3
 9
 5,035
 8.0
 6
 3,393
 12.1
 9
 3,366
 12.8
 9
Ohio 7,016
 10.3
 13
 7,152
 11.4
 15
 2,657
 9.4
 16
 2,436
 9.2
 15
Utah 1,861
 6.6
 3
 1,718
 6.5
 3
North Carolina 4,518
 6.6
 8
 4,382
 7.0
 8
 1,556
 5.5
 8
 1,528
 5.8
 8
Florida 4,499
 6.6
 10
 1,957
 3.1
 3
Michigan 1,506
 5.4
 6
 1,084
 4.1
 4
Georgia 3,577
 5.2
 6
 3,578
 5.7
 6
 1,210
 4.3
 6
 1,211
 4.6
 6
South Carolina 3,459
 5.1
 2
 3,459
 5.5
 2
 1,159
 4.1
 2
 1,157
 4.4
 2
Michigan 3,245
 4.8
 4
 3,221
 5.1
 4
Utah 2,839
 4.2
 2
 2,261
 3.6
 2
Minnesota 2,773
 4.1
 6
 2,531
 4.0
 4
 934
 3.3
 6
 937
 3.6
 6
All Other States 17,234
 25.1
 33
 18,019
 28.8
 36
 6,149
 21.9
 32
 5,893
 22.4
 32
Total $68,253
 100.0% 105
 $62,752
 100.0% 98
 $28,137
 100.0% 109
 $26,353
 100.0% 107

Our Adviser and Administrator

Our Adviser is led by a management team with extensive experience purchasing real estate and originating mortgage loans. Our Adviser and AdministratorGladstone Administration, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (our “Administrator”) are controlled by Mr. David Gladstone, who is also our chairman and chief executive officer. Mr. Gladstone also serves as the chairman and chief executive officer of both our Adviser and Administrator. Mr. Terry Lee Brubaker, our vice chairman and chief operating officer, is also the vice chairman and chief operating officer of our Adviser and Administrator. Mr. Robert Cutlip, our president, is also an executive managing director of our Adviser. Gladstone Administration, LLC, or ourOur Administrator employs our chief financial officer, treasurer, chief compliance officer, general counsel and secretary (who also serves as our Administrator’s president, general counsel, and secretary) and their respective staffs.


Our Adviser and Administrator also provide investment advisory and administrative services, respectively, to certain of our affiliates, including, but not limited to, Gladstone Capital Corporation and Gladstone Investment Corporation, both publicly-traded business development companies, as well as Gladstone Land Corporation, a publicly-traded REIT that primarily invests in farmland. With the exception of Mr. Michael Sodo, our chief financial officer, Mr. Jay Beckhorn, our treasurer, and Mr. Robert Cutlip, our president, all of our executive officers and all of our directors serve as either directors or executive officers, or both, of Gladstone Capital Corporation and Gladstone Investment Corporation. In addition, with the exception of Mr. Cutlip, and Mr. Sodo, all of our executive officers and all of our directors, serve as either directors or executive officers, or both, of Gladstone Land Corporation. Mr. Cutlip and Mr. Sodo spend 100% of their time focused on Gladstone Commercial Corporation, and do not put forth any material efforts in assisting affiliated companies. In the future, our Adviser may provide investment advisory services to other companies, both public and private.

Advisory and Administration Agreements

We are externally managed pursuant to contractual arrangements with our Adviser and our Administrator, which collectively employ all of our personnel and pay their salaries, benefits and other general expenses directly. Both our Adviser and Administrator are affiliates of ours, as their parent company is owned and controlled by Mr. David Gladstone, our chairman and chief executive officer. Two of our executive officers, Mr. Gladstone and Mr. Terry Brubaker (our vice chairman and chief operating officer) serve as directors and executive officers of our Adviser and our Administrator. Mr. Michael LiCalsi, our general counsel and secretary, serves as our Administrator’s president, general counsel and secretary. We have entered into an advisory agreement with our Adviser, or the Advisory Agreement,as amended from time to time (the “Advisory Agreement”), and an administration agreement with our Administrator or the Administration Agreement.(the “Administration Agreement”). The services and fees under the Advisory Agreement and Administration Agreement are described below.


Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, between us and our Adviser, as amended, we are responsible for all expenses incurred for our direct benefit. Examples of these expenses include legal, accounting, interest, directors’ and officers’ insurance, stock transfer services, stockholder-related fees, consulting and related fees. In addition, we are also responsible for all fees charged by third parties that are directly related to our business, which include real estate brokerage fees, mortgage placement fees, lease-up fees and transaction structuring fees (although we may be able to pass all or some of such fees on to our tenants and borrowers).

Base Management Fee

On July 24, 2015,January 8, 2019, we entered into a Second Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement with the Adviser, effective July 1, 2015. We subsequently entered into a Third Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement with the Adviser on July 12, 2016, effective July 1, 2016, and, as described below, a FourthFifth Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement with the Adviser, on January 10, 2017, effective as of October 1, 2016.2018 to clarify that the agreement’s definition of Total Equity includes outstanding OP Units held by the Operating Partnership’s non-controlling limited partners (“Non-controlling OP Unitholders”). Our entrance into the Advisory Agreement and each of the amended Advisory Agreements wasamendment thereto has been approved unanimously by our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors reviews and considers renewing the agreement with our Adviser each July. As such, duringDuring its July 20172018 meeting, theour Board of Directors reviewed and renewed the Advisory Agreement for an additional year, through August 31, 2018.2019.

As a result ofUnder the July 2015 amendment,Advisory Agreement, the calculation of the annual base management fee equals 1.5% of our adjusted total stockholders’ equity,Total Equity, which is our total stockholders’ equity plus total mezzanine equity (before giving effect to the base management fee and incentive fee), adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains or losses that do not affect realized net income (including impairment charges) and adjusted for any one-time events and certain non-cash items (the later to occur for a given quarter only upon the approval of our Compensation Committee)., and adjusted to include OP Units held by Non-controlling OP Unitholders. The fee is calculated and accrued quarterly as 0.375% per quarter of such adjusted total stockholders’ equity figure. As a result of the July 2016 amendment, the definition of adjusted total stockholders’ equity in the calculation of the base management fee and the incentive fee (described below) includes total mezzanine equity. Our Adviser does not charge acquisition or disposition fees when we acquire or dispose of properties as is common in other externally managed REITs; however, our Adviser may earn fee income from our borrowers, tenants or other sources. Prior to the 2015 amendment, our Advisory Agreement provided for an annual base management fee equal to 2.0% of our common stockholders’ equity, which was our total stockholders’ equity, less the recorded value of any preferred stock and adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains, losses, or other items that did not affect realized net income (including impairment charges).


Incentive Fee

As a result ofPursuant to the 2015 amendment,Advisory Agreement, the calculation of the incentive fee was revised to rewardrewards the Adviser in circumstances where our quarterly Core FFO (defined at the end of this paragraph), before giving effect to any incentive fee, or pre-incentive fee Core FFO, exceeds 2.0% quarterly, or 8.0% annualized, of adjusted total stockholders’ equity (after giving effect to the base management fee but before giving effect to the incentive fee). We refer to this as the new hurdle rate. The Adviser will receive 15.0% of the amount of our pre-incentive fee Core FFO that exceeds the new hurdle rate. However, in no event shall the incentive fee for a particular quarter exceed by 15.0% (the cap) the average quarterly incentive fee paid by us for the previous four quarters (excluding quarters for which no incentive fee was paid). Core FFO (as defined in the Advisory Agreement) is GAAP net income (loss) available to common stockholders, excluding the incentive fee, depreciation and amortization, any realized and unrealized gains, losses or other non-cash items recorded in net income (loss) available to common stockholders for the period, and one-time events pursuant to changes in GAAP.

The incentive fee prior to the July 2015 amendment rewarded the Adviser in circumstances where our quarterly funds from operations, or FFO, before giving effect to any incentive fee, or pre-incentive fee FFO, exceeded 1.75%, or 7.0% annualized, or the hurdle rate, of common stockholders’ equity. FFO included any realized capital gains and capital losses, less any distributions paid on preferred stock and Senior Common Stock (defined herein), but FFO did not include any unrealized capital gains or losses (including impairment charges). The Adviser received 100.0% of the amount of the pre-incentive fee FFO that exceeded the hurdle rate, but was less than 2.1875% of our common stockholders’ equity. The Adviser also received an incentive fee of 20.0% of the amount of our pre-incentive fee FFO that exceeded 2.1875% of common stockholders’ equity.

Capital Gain Fee

Under the Advisory Agreement, as amended in July 2015, we will pay to the Adviser a capital gains-based incentive fee that will be calculated and payable in arrears as of the end of each fiscal year (or upon termination of the Advisory Agreement). In determining the capital gain fee, we will calculate aggregate realized capital gains and aggregate realized capital losses for the applicable time period. For this purpose, aggregate realized capital gains and losses, if any, equals the realized gain or loss calculated by the difference between the sales price of the property, less any costs to sell the property and the current gross value of the property (which is calculated as(equal to the property’s original acquisition price plus any subsequent non-reimbursed capital improvements). of the disposed property. At the end of the fiscal year, if this number is positive, then the capital gain fee payable for such time period shall equal 15.0% of such amount. No capital gain fee was recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 or 2016.

On January 10, 2017, we amended and restated the Advisory Agreement by entering into the Fourth Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between us and the Adviser to revise the calculation of the capital gains fee. Based upon the amendment, the calculation of the capital gains fee is based on the all-in acquisition cost of disposed of properties. The impact of this amendment would not have resulted in a capital gains fee for previously reported periods. Our entrance into the Fourth Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement was approved unanimously by our Board of Directors.2018.

Termination Fee

The Advisory Agreement includes a termination fee whereby, in the event of our termination of the agreement without cause (with 120 days’ prior written notice and the vote of at least two-thirds of our independent directors), a termination fee would be payable to the Adviser equal to two times the sum of the average annual base management fee and incentive fee earned by the Adviser during the 24-month period prior to such termination. A termination fee is also payable if the Adviser terminates the agreement after the Company has defaulted and applicable cure periods have expired. The agreement may also be terminated for cause by us (with 30 days’ prior written notice and the vote of at least two-thirds of our independent directors), with no termination fee payable. Cause is defined in the agreement to include if the Adviser breaches any material provisions of the agreement, the bankruptcy or insolvency of the Adviser, dissolution of the Adviser and fraud or misappropriation of funds.


Administration Agreement

Under the terms of the Administration Agreement, we pay separately for our allocable portion of our Administrator’s overhead expenses in performing its obligations to us including, but not limited to, rent and our allocable portion of the salaries and benefits expenses of our Administrator’s employees, including, but not limited to, our chief financial officer, treasurer, chief compliance officer, general counsel and secretary (who also serves as our Administrator’s president, general counsel and secretary), and their respective staffs. As approved by our Board of Directors, effective July 1, 2014, ourOur allocable portion of the Administrator’s expenses are generally derived by multiplying our Administrator’s total expenses by the approximateappropriate percentage of time the Administrator’s employees perform services for us in relation to their time spent performing services for all companies serviced by our Administrator under contractual agreements. We believe that the new methodology of allocating the Administrator’s total expenses by approximate percentage of time services were performed among all companies serviced by our Administrator more closely approximates fees paid to actual services performed.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of our financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make judgments that are subjective in nature in order to make certain estimates and assumptions. Application of these accounting policies involves the exercise of judgment regarding the use of assumptions as to future uncertainties, and as a result, actual results could materially differ from these estimates. A summary of all of our significant accounting policies is provided in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements in our 2016Annual Report on Form 10-K.10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed by us with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 13, 2019 (our “2018 Form 10-K”). There were no material changes to our critical accounting policies or estimates during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019.

Results of Operations

The weighted average yield on our total portfolio, which was 8.6%8.7% and 8.8% as of both September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively, is calculated by taking the annualized straight-line rents plus operating expense recoveries, reflected as rental incomelease revenue on our condensed consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income, (loss), of each acquisition since inception as a percentage of the acquisition cost plus subsequent capital improvements. The weighted average yield does not account for the interest expense incurred on the mortgages placed on our properties.


A comparison of our operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 20162018 is below (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

 For the three months ended September 30, For the three months ended March 31,
 2017 2016 $ Change % Change 2019 2018 $ Change % Change
Operating revenues                
Rental revenue $23,815
 $21,205
 $2,610
 12.3 %
Tenant recovery revenue 550
 384
 166
 43.2 %
Lease revenue $28,137
 $26,353
 $1,784
 6.8 %
Total operating revenues 24,365
 21,589
 2,776
 12.9 % 28,137
 26,353
 1,784
 6.8 %
Operating expenses                
Depreciation and amortization 10,829
 9,459
 1,370
 14.5 % 13,010
 11,586
 1,424
 12.3 %
Property operating expenses 2,178
 1,410
 768
 54.5 % 3,068
 2,792
 276
 9.9 %
Base management fee 1,277
 1,072
 205
 19.1 % 1,267
 1,295
 (28) (2.2)%
Incentive fee 640
 564
 76
 13.5 % 851
 696
 155
 22.3 %
Administration fee 293
 311
 (18) (5.8)% 413
 387
 26
 6.7 %
General and administrative 650
 570
 80
 14.0 % 657
 646
 11
 1.7 %
Impairment charge 
 1,786
 (1,786) (100.0)%
Total operating expenses 15,867
 15,172
 695
 4.6 % 19,266
 17,402
 1,864
 10.7 %
Other (expense) income                
Interest expense (6,119) (6,338) 219
 (3.5)% (7,231) (6,213) (1,018) 16.4 %
Distributions attributable to Series C mandatorily redeemable preferred stock 
 (131) 131
 (100.0)%
Gain (loss) on sale of real estate, net 1
 (24) 25
 (104.2)%
Gain on sale of real estate, net 2,952
 1,844
 1,108
 60.1 %
Other income 3
 3
 
  % 81
 23
 58
 252.2 %
Total other expense, net (6,115) (6,490) 375
 (5.8)% (4,198) (4,346) 148
 (3.4)%
Net income (loss) 2,383
 (73) 2,456
 3,364.4 %
Net income 4,673
 4,605
 68
 1.5 %
Distributions attributable to Series A, B and D preferred stock (2,520) (2,002) (518) 25.9 % (2,612) (2,582) (30) 1.2 %
Distributions attributable to senior common stock (247) (254) 7
 (2.8)% (224) (232) 8
 (3.4)%
Net loss attributable to common stockholders $(384) $(2,329) $1,945
 83.5 %
Net loss attributable to common stockholders per weighted average share of common stock - basic and diluted $(0.01) $(0.10) $0.09
 90.0 %
FFO available to common stockholders - basic (1) $10,444
 $8,940
 $1,504
 16.8 %
FFO per weighted average share of common stock - basic (1) $0.38
 $0.38
 $
  %
FFO per weighted average share of common stock - diluted (1) $0.38
 $0.38

$
  %
Net income available to common stockholders and Non-controlling OP Unitholders $1,837
 $1,791
 $46
 2.6 %
Net income available to common stockholders and Non-controlling OP Unitholders per weighted average share and unit - basic & diluted $0.06
 $0.06
 $
  %
FFO available to common stockholders and Non-controlling OP Unitholders - basic $11,895
 $11,533
 $362
 3.1 %
FFO available to common stockholders and Non-controlling OP Unitholders - diluted $12,119
 $11,765
 $354
 3.0 %
FFO per weighted average share of common stock and Non-controlling OP Units - basic $0.39
 $0.41
 $(0.02) (4.9)%
FFO per weighted average share of common stock and Non-controlling OP Units - diluted $0.39
 $0.40

$(0.01) (2.5)%

(1)Refer to the "Funds“Funds from Operations"Operations” section below within the Management's Discussion and Analysis section for the definition of FFO.

  For the nine months ended September 30,
  2017 2016 $ Change % Change
Operating revenues        
Rental revenue $68,253
 $62,752
 $5,501
 8.8 %
Tenant recovery revenue 1,294
 1,226
 68
 5.5 %
Interest income from mortgage note receivable 
 385
 (385) (100.0)%
Total operating revenues 69,547
 64,363
 5,184
 8.1 %
Operating expenses        
Depreciation and amortization 30,673
 27,796
 2,877
 10.4 %
Property operating expenses 5,062
 4,455
 607
 13.6 %
Base management fee 3,665
 2,789
 876
 31.4 %
Incentive fee 1,760
 1,837
 (77) (4.2)%
Administration fee 993
 1,086
 (93) (8.6)%
General and administrative 1,776
 1,882
 (106) (5.6)%
Impairment charge 3,999
 2,016
 1,983
 98.4 %
Total operating expenses 47,928
 41,861
 6,067
 14.5 %
Other (expense) income        
Interest expense (18,223) (19,648) 1,425
 (7.3)%
Distributions attributable to Series C mandatorily redeemable preferred stock 
 (1,502) 1,502
 (100.0)%
Gain (loss) on sale of real estate, net 3,993
 (24) 4,017
 (16,737.5)%
Other income 14
 337
 (323) (95.8)%
Total other expense, net (14,216) (20,837) 6,621
 (31.8)%
Net income 7,403
 1,665
 5,738
 344.6 %
Distributions attributable to Series A, B and D preferred stock (7,330) (4,292) (3,038) 70.8 %
Distributions attributable to senior common stock (744) (758) 14
 (1.8)%
Net loss attributable to common stockholders $(671) $(3,385) $2,714
 (80.2)%
Net loss attributable to common stockholders per weighted average share of common stock - basic & diluted (0.03) (0.15) $0.12
 (80.0)%
FFO available to common stockholders - basic (1) $30,008
 $26,451
 $3,557
 13.4 %
FFO per weighted average share of common stock - basic (1) $1.16
 $1.15
 $0.01
 0.9 %
FFO per weighted average share of common stock - diluted (1) $1.16
 $1.15

$0.01
 0.9 %

(1)Refer to the "Funds from Operations" below within the Management'sManagement’s Discussion and Analysis section for the definition of FFO.

Same Store Analysis

For the purposes of the following discussion, same store properties are properties we owned as of January 1, 2016,2018, which have not been subsequently vacated, or disposed of. Acquired and disposed of properties are properties which were either acquired, disposed of or classified as held for sale at any point subsequent to December 31, 2015.2017. Properties with vacancy are properties that were fully vacant or had greater than 5.0% vacancy, based on square footage, at any point subsequent to January 1, 2016. Expanded properties are properties in which an expansion was completed at any point subsequent to December 31, 2015.2018.


Operating Revenues

 For the three months ended September 30, For the three months ended March 31,
 (Dollars in Thousands) (Dollars in Thousands)
Rental Revenues 2017 2016 $ Change % Change
Lease Revenues 2019 2018 $ Change % Change
Same Store Properties $18,791
 $18,766
 $25
 0.1% $24,841
 $24,552
 $289
 1.2%
Acquired & Disposed Properties 3,541
 1,257
 2,284
 181.7% 1,883
 483
 1,400
 289.9%
Properties with Vacancy 954
 889
 65
 7.3% 1,413
 1,318
 95
 7.2%
Expanded Properties 529
 293
 236
 80.5%
 $23,815
 $21,205
 $2,610
 12.3% $28,137
 $26,353
 $1,784
 6.8%

  For the nine months ended September 30,
  (Dollars in Thousands)
Rental Revenues 2017 2016 $ Change % Change
Same Store Properties $56,290
 $56,311
 $(21)  %
Acquired & Disposed Properties 7,689
 3,064
 4,625
 150.9 %
Properties with Vacancy 3,001
 2,497
 504
 20.2 %
Expanded Properties 1,273
 880
 393
 44.7 %
  $68,253
 $62,752
 $5,501
 8.8 %

Rental revenueLease revenues consist of rental income and operating expense recoveries earned from our tenants. Lease revenues from same store properties increased slightly for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 from the comparable 20162018 period, primarily due to an overall increase in rental charges related to lease extensionsleases executed duringsubsequent to the three months ended September 30, 2017, coupled with additionalMarch 31, 2018, increases in rental income received fromcharges on leases subject to consumer price indexes partially offset by reductions in rental charges from a lease modification executed during the three months ended September 30, 2017. Rental revenue from same store properties decreased slightly for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from the comparable 2016 period, primarily due to a decrease in rental charges related to lease extensions executed during and subsequent to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, partially offset by additional rental income receivedincreased operating expense recoveries from leases subject to consumer price indexes. Rental revenuewith base year expenses stops at certain of our properties that were running above their base year. Lease revenues increased significantly for acquired and disposed of properties for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2018, because we acquired seven properties during and subsequent to September 30, 2016,March 31, 2018, offset by a loss of rentallease revenues from the sevenfour properties we sold during and subsequent to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. Rental revenueMarch 31, 2018 pursuant to our capital recycling program. Lease revenues increased for our properties with vacancy for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 because we leased approximately 120,000 square feet of vacant space in properties with partial vacancies during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. Rental revenue increased for our expanded properties because we completed an expansion project during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and, therefore, we were able to charge additional rent for such property.
  For the three months ended September 30,
  (Dollars in Thousands)
Tenant Recovery Revenue 2017 2016 $ Change % Change
Same Store Properties $348
 $372
 $(24) (6.5)%
Acquired & Disposed Properties 197
 5
 192
 3,840.0 %
Properties with Vacancy 2
 5
 (3) (60.0)%
Expanded Properties 3
 2
 1
 50.0 %
  $550
 $384
 $166
 43.2 %


  For the nine months ended September 30,
  (Dollars in Thousands)
Tenant Recovery Revenue 2017 2016 $ Change % Change
Same Store Properties $974
 $1,151
 $(177) (15.4)%
Acquired & Disposed Properties 276
 53
 223
 420.8 %
Properties with Vacancy 37
 15
 22
 146.7 %
Expanded Properties 7
 7
 
  %
  $1,294
 $1,226
 $68
 5.5 %

The decrease in same store tenant recovery revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, is a result of decreased recoveries from leases with base year expense stops at certain of our properties, as these properties had lower property operating expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in tenant recovery revenues on acquired and disposed of properties for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, is due to an increase in recoveries from properties acquired subsequent to September 30, 2016 with base year leases.

Interest income from mortgage notes receivable decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, because the previously outstanding mortgage note was repaid in full in January 2016, and we have not issued any new mortgage notes receivable subsequent to September 30, 2016. No interest income from mortgage notes receivable was recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2017 or 2016.March 31, 2018.

Operating Expenses 

Depreciation and amortization increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2018, due to depreciation on capital projects completed subsequent to September 30, 2016,March 31, 2018, coupled with depreciation on the threeseven properties acquired during and subsequent to September 30, 2016,March 31, 2018, partially offset by decreased depreciation on the four properties sold during and amortization on leasing commissions for renewed leases with 2016 and 2017 expirations.

subsequent to the three months ended March 31, 2018.
  For the three months ended September 30,
  (Dollars in Thousands)
Property Operating Expenses 2017 2016 $ Change % Change
Same Store Properties $1,210
 $1,215
 $(5) (0.4)%
Acquired & Disposed Properties 716
 51
 665
 1,303.9 %
Properties with Vacancy 248
 134
 114
 85.1 %
Expanded Properties 4
 10
 (6) (60.0)%
  $2,178
 $1,410
 $768
 54.5 %

 For the nine months ended September 30, For the three months ended March 31,
 (Dollars in Thousands) (Dollars in Thousands)
Property Operating Expenses 2017 2016 $ Change % Change 2019 2018 $ Change % Change
Same Store Properties $3,580
 $3,693
 $(113) (3.1)% $2,258
 $2,047
 $211
 10.3%
Acquired & Disposed Properties 943
 276
 667
 241.7 % 299
 283
 16
 5.7%
Properties with Vacancy 523
 472
 51
 10.8 % 511
 462
 49
 10.6%
Expanded Properties 16
 14
 2
 14.3 %
 $5,062
 $4,455
 $607
 13.6 % $3,068
 $2,792
 $276
 9.9%


Property operating expenses consist of franchise taxes, property management fees, insurance, ground lease payments, property maintenance and repair expenses paid on behalf of certain of our properties. The decreaseincrease in property operating expenses for same store properties for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016,2018, is a result of an overall decreaseincrease in our property operating expenses incurred at our properties with tenants on base year expense stop leases, offset by an increase in landlord obligated property expenses on our triple net leased properties. The decrease in property operating expenses for same store properties for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 is a result of a decrease in property operating expenses on our properties with base year expense stop leases, offset by an increase in landlord obligated property expenses on our triple net leased properties. The increase in property operating expenses for acquired and disposed of properties for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2018, is primarily a result of increased property operating expenses from properties acquired subsequent to September 30, 2016,March 31, 2018, as a majorityportion of these properties are subject to base year leases, partially offset by an eliminationa reduction of operating expenses from four properties sold during and subsequent to September 30, 2016. The increase in property operating expenses for properties with vacancy during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, is due to increased property operating expenses from one property which went fully vacant during second quarter 2017, partially offset by executing triple net leases for vacant space for three properties which had partial vacancy during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.March 31, 2018.

The base management fee paid to the Adviser increaseddecreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, because of the increaseMarch 31, 2018, due to a decrease in total adjusted stockholders’ equity in the past 12 months.Total Equity at March 31, 2019 as compared to March 31, 2018. The calculation of the base management fee is described in detail above in “Advisory and Administration Agreements.”

The incentive fee paid to the Adviser increased for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, becauseMarch 31, 2018, due to pre-incentive fee Core FFO increasedincreasing faster than the hurdle rate, resulting in a higher incentive fee. The increase in FFO is a result of an increase in total operating revenues, coupled with a decrease in interest expense,partially offset by an increase in total operating expenses. The incentive fee paid to the Adviser decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, because the hurdle rate increased faster than pre-incentive fee FFO, resulting in a lower incentive fee. The increase in the hurdle rate is a result of an increase in total adjusted stockholders’ equity, due to the commonexpenses and preferred shares issued subsequent to September 30, 2016.interest expense. The calculation of the incentive fee is described in detail above in “Advisory and Administration Agreements.”


The administration fee paid to the Administrator decreasedincreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2018, due to using a lower share of our administrator’s resourcesAdministrator incurring more costs that are allocated to the Company during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019. The calculation of the administration fee is described in detail above in “Advisory and Administration Agreements.”

General and administrative expenses increased for the three months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2018, primarily as a result of an increase in due diligence expenses coupled with an increase in legal and professional fees, and subscription and membership fees,partially offset by a decrease in shareholder related expenses. General and administrative expenses decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to a decrease in due diligence expenses that resulted from two asset acquisitions treated as business combinations completed during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, coupled with a decrease in shareholder related expenses, partially offset by an increase in professional fees and subscription and membership fees.

We did not recognize an impairment charge for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The impairment charge for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 resulted from an impairment recorded on our Concord Township, Ohio and Newburyport, Massachusetts properties during the first two quarters of 2017, as we determined the carrying value of these properties was unrecoverable through our quarterly impairment testing. Both the Concord Township, Ohio property and the Newburyport, Massachusetts property were sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 for an additional aggregate net loss of $1.8 million. Since the Newburyport, Massachusetts property had been a vacant property with limited releasing prospects, we elected to sell the property to reduce our operating expenses attributable to maintaining a vacant property. The impairment loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 was from the impairment recorded in connection with two properties during the three months ended September 30, 2016 and impairment charges recorded on five properties during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Four of the properties impaired during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 have been sold, and one property is currently classified as a held and used asset.


Other Income and Expenses

Interest expense decreasedincreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.March 31, 2018. This decreaseincrease was primarily a result of our refinancing of mortgages at lower interest rates and de-leveraging activity, whereby we repaid mortgage notes payable upon maturity using equity and funds from our Revolver, offset by newus issuing or assuming $22.3 million in mortgage debt on properties acquired subsequent to September 30, 2016. While our outstanding mortgage notes payable, net increased from $444.5 million at September 30, 2016 to $450.0 million at September 30, 2017, our weighted average interest rate on mortgage notes payable decreased from 4.71% at September 30, 2016, to 4.52% at September 30, 2017, resulting in interest savings over comparable periods.

Distributions attributable to our 7.125% Series C Cumulative Term Preferred Stock (“Term Preferred Stock”), par value $0.001 per share, decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, because we redeemedMarch 31, 2018, coupled with an approximate 60 basis point increase in one month LIBOR, which is the interest rate benchmark for all outstanding shares of our Term Preferred Stockoutstanding variable rate debt, partially offset by our repayment of $3.5 million in August 2016.maturing mortgage debt subsequent to the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Gain on sale of real estate, net, for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 is attributable to one non-core industrialoffice asset sold during the period. Gain on sale of real estate, net, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is attributable to our four non-core office and industrial assets sold during the period. Loss on sale of real estate, net for the three months ended September 30, 2016 is attributable to one non-core industrial asset sold during the period. Loss on sale of real estate, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2018 is attributable to two non-core industrial assets sold during the period.

Net Loss AttributableIncome Available to Common Stockholders and Non-controlling OP Unitholders

Net loss attributableincome available to common stockholders decreasedand Non-controlling OP Unitholders increased for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2018, primarily because ofdue to the increase in total operating revenues duerelated to asset acquisition activity coupled with decreased interest expenses due to our refinancing and de-levering activity, as well as capital gains recognizedleasing vacant space and a gain on four property sales,sale of real estate, partially offset by an increase in property operating expenses, depreciation and amortization expenses,expense, incentive and base managementadministration fees and incentive fees.interest expense.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Our sources of liquidity include cash flows from operations, cash and cash equivalents, borrowings under our Revolver and issuing additional equity securities. Our available liquidity as of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, was $38.3$43.8 million, consisting of approximately $4.3 million in cash and cash equivalents and an available borrowing capacity of $34.0$39.5 million under our Revolver. Our available borrowing capacity under the Revolver has decreased to $29.4$32.6 million as of October 31, 2017.April 30, 2019.

Future Capital Needs

We actively seek conservative investments that are likely to produce income to pay distributions to our stockholders. We intend to use the proceeds received from future equity raised and debt capital borrowed to continue to invest in industrial and office real property, make mortgage loans, or pay down outstanding borrowings under our Revolver. Accordingly, to ensure that we are able to effectively execute our business strategy, we routinely review our liquidity requirements and continually evaluate all potential sources of liquidity. Our short-term liquidity needs include proceeds necessary to fund our distributions to stockholders, pay the debt service costs on our existing long-term mortgages, refinancing maturing debt and fund our current operating costs. Our long-term liquidity needs include proceeds necessary to grow and maintain our portfolio of investments.

We believe that our available liquidity is sufficient to fund our distributions to stockholders, pay the debt service costs on our existing long-term mortgages and fund our current operating costs in the near term. We also believe we will be able to refinance our mortgage debt as it matures. Additionally, to satisfy our short-term obligations, we may request credits to our management fees that are issued from our Adviser, although our Adviser is under no obligation to provide any such credits, either in whole or in part. We further believe that our cash flow from operations coupled with the financing capital available to us in the future are sufficient to fund our long-term liquidity needs.


Equity Capital

In July 2017, we completed an overnight offering of 1.2 million shares of our common stock at an offering price of $20.52 per share. Net proceeds, after deducting underwriter discounts, were $22.7 million. The proceeds from this offering were used to acquire real estate, repay existing indebtedness, and for other general corporate purposes. The offering's underwriters exercised their overallotment option, purchasing an additional 0.2 million shares of our common stock at the public offering price of $20.52 per share. Net proceeds from exercise of the option to purchase additional shares, after deducting underwriter discounts, were $3.4 million. The proceeds from this overallotment were used to acquire real estate, repay existing indebtedness, and for other general corporate purposes.

During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we raised net proceeds of (i) $30.8$14.1 million of common equity under our Common Stock ATM Program with Cantor Fitzgerald at a grossnet weighted average per share price of $21.42, and (ii) $11.2 million under our Series D Preferred ATM Program at a gross weighted average share price of $25.54.$20.10. We used these proceeds to pay down outstanding debt and for other general corporate purposes. We did not sell any shares of our Series A Preferred or Series B Preferred pursuant to our Series A and B Preferred ATM Program during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Subsequent to September 30, 2017 through October 31, 2017, we raised net proceeds of $0.2 million of common equity under our Common Stock ATM Program with Cantor Fitzgerald at a gross weighted average share price of $22.51. We used these proceeds for general corporate purposes. We did not sell any shares of our Series A Preferred, Series B Preferred or Series D Preferred pursuant to our Series A, B and D Preferred ATM Program subsequent to September 30, 2017 through Octoberduring the three months ended March 31, 2017.2019.

As of October 31, 2017,April 30, 2019, we havehad the ability to raise up to $312.5$482.3 million of additional equity capital through the sale and issuance of securities that are registered under our universal shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-208953)333-229209), or the Universal Shelf,(the “Universal Shelf”), in one or more future public offerings. Of the $312.5$482.3 million of available capacity under our Universal Shelf, approximately $100.9$48.7 million of common stock is reserved for additional sales under our Common Stock ATM Program, approximately $37.2 million of preferred stock is reserved for additional sales under our Series A and B Preferred ATM Program, and approximately $22.3$18.6 million is reserved for additional sales under our Series D Preferred ATM Program as of October 31, 2017.April 30, 2019. We expect to continue to use our ATM programs as a source of liquidity for the remainder of 2017.2019.

Debt Capital

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we had 4548 mortgage notes payable in the aggregate principal amount of $455.4$449.7 million, collateralized by a total of 6768 properties with a remaining weighted average maturity of 6.75.9 years. The weighted-average interest rate on the mortgage notes payable as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 was 4.52%4.69%.

We continue to see banks and other non-bank lenders willing to issue mortgages. Consequently, we are focused on obtaining mortgages through regional banks, non-bank lenders and the CMBS market.

We haveAs of March 31, 2019, we had mortgage debt in the aggregate principal amount of $10.4$56.8 million payable during the remainder of 20172019 and $47.8$32.2 million payable during 2018.2020. The 20172019 principal amountsamount payable includeincludes both amortizing principal payments and onefive balloon principal paymentpayments due in Decemberduring the remaining nine months of 2017.2019. We anticipate being able to refinance our mortgages that come due during the remainder of 20172019 and 20182020 with a combination of new mortgage debt and the issuance of additional equity securities. In addition, we have raised substantial equity under our ATM programs and plan to continue to use these programs.

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, was $34.8$12.6 million, as compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $29.8$12.6 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016.March 31, 2018. This increaseslight change was primarily a result of an increase in rental receipts from acquisitions completed subsequent to September 30, 2016, a decrease inproperty operating expenses and interest expense, from refinanced and repaid mortgages during the previous 12 months, and a decrease in general and administrative fees from reducing our professional fees. These increases are partially offset by an increase in lease revenues from acquisitions completed subsequent to March 31, 2018 and contractual lease revenue increases on the base management fee, an increase in net property operating expenses, and a reduction in income earned due to the repayment of a mortgage interest receivable held through January 2016.in-place portfolio. The majority of cash from operating activities is generated from the rental payments and operating expense recoverieslease revenues that we receive from our tenants. We utilize this cash to fund our property-level operating expenses and use the excess cash primarily for debt and interest payments on our mortgage notes payable, interest payments on our Revolver and Term Loan,Credit Facility, distributions to our stockholders, management fees to our Adviser, Administration fees to our Administrator and other entity-level operating expenses.


Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, was $63.4$0.3 million, which primarily consisted of fivetwo property acquisitions, coupled with capital improvements performed at certain of our properties, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of four properties, coupled with recovering funds held in escrow from our lender for the mortgages we repaid.one property. Net cash used in investing activities during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2018, was $35.2$4.1 million, which primarily consisted of twoone property acquisitionsacquisition, coupled with capital improvements performed at certain of our properties, partially offset by proceeds from the collectionsale of a $5.9 million mortgage note receivable.

During 2017, we have been executing our capital recycling program, whereby we opportunistically sell properties outside of our core markets, and use proceeds to repay outstanding debt, and fund mission critical property acquisitions located in our target secondary growth markets. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we sold four non-core properties and applied the proceeds towards outstanding debt. We will continue to sell non-core properties as reasonable disposition opportunities are available.two properties.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided byused in financing activities during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, was $28.2$14.4 million, which primarily consisted of the issuance of $69.9 million of equity and mezzanine equity, coupled with the issuance of $51.2 million of new mortgage debt in connection with property acquisitions, partially offset by the repayment of $57.2$6.7 million of mortgage principal, coupled witha net $17.8 million pay-down of outstanding borrowings on our Revolver and distributions paid to common, senior common and preferred shareholders.shareholders, partially offset by the issuance of $14.3 million of common equity and mezzanine equity and the issuance of $10.6 million of new mortgage debt. Net cash used in financing activities for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2018, was $9.0$10.6 million, which primarily consisted of the repayment of $67.1$19.1 million of mortgage principal repayments, coupled with distributions paid to common, senior common and preferred shareholders, partially offset by $56.0$9.4 million ofin new mortgage debtborrowings coupled with a net $11.3 million increase in connection with certain acquisitions.borrowings on our Revolver.

Credit Facility

InOn August 7, 2013, we procured our Revolver component of our Credit Facility with KeyBank (serving as a revolving lender, a letter of credit issuer and an administrative agent). In October 2015, we expanded our Revolver to $85.0 million, and entered into a Term Loan component of our Credit Facility, whereby we added a $25.0 million, five-year Term Loan subject to the same leverage tiers as the Revolver, with the interest rate at each leverage tier being 5 basis points lower.lower than that of the Revolver. We have the option to repay the Term Loan in full, or in part, at any time without penalty or premium prior to the maturity date. InOn October 27, 2017, we amended our existing Credit Facility. TheFacility, increasing the Term Loan component of the Credit Facility was increased from $25.0 million, to $75.0 million, with the Revolver commitment remaining at $85.0 million. The Term Loan has a new five-year term, with a maturity date of October 27, 2022, and the Revolver has a new four-year term, with a maturity date of October 27, 2021. The interest rate for the Credit Facility was reduced by 25 basis points at each of the leverage tiers. We entered into multiple interest rate cap agreements on the amended Term Loan, which cap LIBOR at 2.75%. in order to hedge our exposure to variable interest rates. We used the net proceeds of the amended Credit Facility to repay all previously existing borrowings under the Revolver. We incurred fees of approximately $0.9 million in connection with the Credit Facility amendment. The bank syndicate is now comprised of KeyBank, Fifth Third Bank, US Bank National Association and The Huntington National Bank.

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, there was $69.2$107.8 million outstanding under our Credit Facility at a weighted average interest rate of approximately 3.22%4.21% and $1.0$7.4 million outstanding under letters of credit at a weighted average interest rate of 2.00%1.75%. As of October 31, 2017,April 30, 2019, the maximum additional amount we could draw under the Revolver and Term Loan was $29.4$32.6 million. We were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Facility as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019.

Contractual Obligations

The following table reflects our material contractual obligations as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 (in thousands):
 
 Payments Due by Period Payments Due by Period
Contractual Obligations Total Less than 1 Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More than 5 Years Total Less than 1 Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More than 5 Years
Debt Obligations (1) $524,590
 $96,035
 $92,306
 $95,206
 $241,043
 $557,459
 $59,696
 $102,210
 $244,715
 $150,838
Interest on Debt Obligations (2) 109,884
 21,498
 35,746
 28,110
 24,530
 104,746
 23,507
 41,836
 22,099
 17,304
Operating Lease Obligations (3) 6,460
 470
 926
 747
 4,317
 10,565
 466
 948
 983
 8,168
Purchase Obligations (4) 1,526
 777
 749
 
 
 875
 875
 
 
 
 $642,460
 $118,780
 $129,727
 $124,063
 $269,890
 $673,645
 $84,544
 $144,994
 $267,797
 $176,310
 

(1)Debt obligations represent borrowings under our Revolver, which represents $44.2$32.8 million of the debt obligation due in 2018,2021, our Term Loan, which represents $25.0$75.0 million of the debt obligation due in 2020,2022, and mortgage notes payable that were outstanding as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019. This figure does not include $0.3 million of premiums and discounts, net and $5.5$4.8 million of deferred financing costs, net, which are reflected in mortgage notes payable, net, borrowings under Revolver, net and borrowings under Term Loan, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.sheets.
(2)Interest on debt obligations includes estimated interest on borrowings under our Revolver and Term Loan and mortgage notes payable. The balance and interest rate on our Revolver and Term Loan is variable; thus, the interest payment obligation calculated for purposes of this table was based upon rates and balances as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019.
(3)Operating lease obligations represent the ground lease payments due on our four of our properties.
(4)Purchase obligations consist of tenant and capital improvements at five of our properties. These items were recognized on our balance sheet as of September 30, 2017.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019.

Funds from Operations

The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts or NAREIT,(“NAREIT”) developed FFOFunds from Operations (“FFO”) as a relevant non-GAAP supplemental measure of operating performance of an equity REIT to recognize that income-producing real estate historically has not depreciated on the same basis determined under GAAP. FFO, as defined by NAREIT, is net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains or losses from sales of property and impairment losses on property, plus depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.


FFO does not represent cash flows from operating activities in accordance with GAAP, which, unlike FFO, generally reflects all cash effects of transactions and other events in the determination of net income. FFO should not be considered an alternative to net income as an indication of our performance or to cash flows from operations as a measure of liquidity or ability to make distributions. Comparison of FFO, using the NAREIT definition, to similarly titled measures for other REITs may not necessarily be meaningful due to possible differences in the application of the NAREIT definition used by such REITs.

FFO available to common stockholders is FFO adjusted to subtract distributions made to holders of preferred stock and senior common stock. We believe that net income available to common stockholders is the most directly comparable GAAP measure to FFO available to common stockholders.

Basic funds from operations per share or (“Basic FFO per share,share”), and diluted funds from operations per share or (“Diluted FFO per share,share”), is FFO available to common stockholders divided by the number of weighted average shares of common stock outstanding and FFO available to common stockholders divided by the number of weighted average shares of common stock outstanding on a diluted basis, respectively, during a period. We believe that FFO available to common stockholders, Basic FFO per share and Diluted FFO per share are useful to investors because they provide investors with a further context for evaluating our FFO results in the same manner that investors use net income and earnings per share or EPS,(“EPS”), in evaluating net income available to common stockholders. In addition, because most REITs provide FFO available to common stockholders, Basic FFO and Diluted FFO per share information to the investment community, we believe these are useful supplemental measures when comparing us to other REITs. We believe that net income is the most directly comparable GAAP measure to FFO, Basic EPS is the most directly comparable GAAP measure to Basic FFO per share, and that Diluted EPS is the most directly comparable GAAP measure to Diluted FFO per share.


The following table provides a reconciliation of our FFO available to common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively, to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, net income available to common stockholders, and a computation of basic and diluted FFO per weighted average share of common stock:

 
For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30,
 
(Dollars in Thousands, Except for Per Share Amounts) (Dollars in Thousands, Except for Per Share Amounts)


2017
2016 2017 2016
Calculation of basic FFO per share of common stock        
Net income (loss) $2,383
 $(73) $7,403
 $1,665
Less: Distributions attributable to preferred and senior common stock (2,767) (2,256) (8,074) (5,050)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders $(384) $(2,329) $(671) $(3,385)
Adjustments:        
Add: Real estate depreciation and amortization 10,829
 9,459
 30,673
 27,796
Add: Impairment charge 
 1,786
 3,999
 2,016
Add: Loss on sale of real estate, net 
 24
 
 24
Less: Gain on sale of real estate, net (1) 
 (3,993) 
FFO available to common stockholders - basic $10,444
 $8,940
 $30,008
 $26,451
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic 27,234,569
 23,509,054
 25,833,423
 22,915,086
Basic FFO per weighted average share of common stock $0.38
 $0.38
 $1.16
 $1.15
Calculation of diluted FFO per share of common stock        
Net income (loss) $2,383
 $(73) $7,403
 $1,665
Less: Distributions attributable to preferred and senior common stock (2,767) (2,256) (8,074) (5,050)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders $(384) $(2,329) $(671) $(3,385)
Adjustments:        
Add: Real estate depreciation and amortization 10,829
 9,459
 30,673
 27,796
Add: Impairment charge 
 1,786
 3,999
 2,016
Add: Income impact of assumed conversion of senior common stock 247
 254
 744
 758
Add: Loss on sale of real estate, net 
 24
 
 24
Less: Gain on sale of real estate, net (1) 
 (3,993) 
FFO available to common stockholders plus assumed conversions $10,691
 $9,194
 $30,752
 $27,209
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic 27,234,569
 23,509,054
 25,833,423
 22,915,086
Effect of convertible senior common stock 773,553
 800,116
 773,553
 800,116
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted 28,008,122
 24,309,170
 26,606,976
 23,715,202
Diluted FFO per weighted average share of common stock $0.38
 $0.38
 $1.16
 $1.15
Distributions declared per share of common stock $0.375
 $0.375
 $1.125
 $1.125
 
For the three months ended March 31,
 
(Dollars in Thousands, Except for Per Share Amounts)


2019
2018
Calculation of basic FFO per share of common stock and Non-controlling OP Unit    
Net income $4,673
 $4,605
Less: Distributions attributable to preferred and senior common stock (2,836) (2,814)
Net income available to common stockholders and Non-controlling OP Unitholders $1,837
 $1,791
Adjustments:    
Add: Real estate depreciation and amortization $13,010
 $11,586
Less: Gain on sale of real estate, net (2,952) (1,844)
FFO available to common stockholders and Non-controlling OP Unitholders - basic $11,895
 $11,533
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic 29,516,870
 28,420,995
Weighted average Non-controlling OP Units outstanding 742,937
 
Total common shares and Non-controlling OP Units 30,259,807
 28,420,995
Basic FFO per weighted average share of common stock and Non-controlling OP Unit $0.39
 $0.41
Calculation of diluted FFO per share of common stock and Non-controlling OP Unit    
Net income $4,673
 $4,605
Less: Distributions attributable to preferred and senior common stock (2,836) (2,814)
Net income available to common stockholders and Non-controlling OP Unitholders $1,837
 $1,791
Adjustments:    
Add: Real estate depreciation and amortization $13,010
 $11,586
Add: Income impact of assumed conversion of senior common stock 224
 232
Less: Gain on sale of real estate, net (2,952) (1,844)
FFO available to common stockholders and Non-controlling OP Unitholders plus assumed conversions $12,119
 $11,765
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic 29,516,870
 28,420,995
Weighted average Non-controlling OP Units outstanding 742,937
 
Effect of convertible senior common stock 721,872
 745,000
Weighted average common shares and Non-controlling OP Units outstanding - diluted 30,981,679
 29,165,995
Diluted FFO per weighted average share of common stock and Non-controlling OP Unit (1) $0.39
 $0.40
Distributions declared per share of common stock and Non-controlling OP Unit $0.375
 $0.375


Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Market risk includes risks that arise from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices and other market changes that affect market sensitive instruments. The primary risk that we believe we are and will be exposed to is interest rate risk. Certain of our leases contain escalations based on market indices, and the interest rate on our Credit Facility is variable. Although we seek to mitigate this risk by structuring such provisions of our loans and leases to contain a minimum interest rate or escalation rate, as applicable, these features do not eliminate this risk. To that end, we have entered into derivative contracts to cap interest rates for our variable rate notes payable, and we have assumed anentered into interest rate swapswaps whereby we pay a fixed interest rate of 1.80% to our respective counterparty, and receive one month LIBOR in return. For details regarding our rate cap agreements and our interest rate swap agreementagreements see Note 76Mortgage Notes Payable and Credit Facility of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

To illustrate the potential impact of changes in interest rates on our net income for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we have performed the following analysis, which assumes that our condensed consolidated balance sheet remainssheets remain constant and that no further actions beyond a minimum interest rate or escalation rate are taken to alter our existing interest rate sensitivity.

The following table summarizes the annual impact of a 1%, 2% and 3% increase, and a 1% and 2% decrease in the one month LIBOR as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, our effective average LIBOR was 1.24%; thus,2.49%. Given that a 1%, 2% or 3% decrease couldin LIBOR would result in a negative rate, the impact of this fluctuation is not occurpresented below (dollars in thousands).
 
Interest Rate Change 
Increase to Interest
Expense
 
Net Decrease to
Net Income
 
(Decrease) increase to Interest
Expense
 
Net increase (decrease) to
Net Income
2% Decrease to LIBOR $(3,406) $3,406
1% Decrease to LIBOR (1,703) 1,703
1% Increase to LIBOR $1,409
 $(1,409) 776
 (776)
2% Increase to LIBOR 2,546
 (2,546) 1,212
 (1,212)
3% Increase to LIBOR 2,884
 (2,884) 1,648
 (1,648)

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, the fair value of our mortgage debt outstanding was $461.8$450.4 million. Interest rate fluctuations may affect the fair value of our debt instruments. If interest rates on our debt instruments, using rates at September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, had been one percentage point higher or lower, the fair value of those debt instruments on that date would have decreased or increased by $19.7$16.5 million and $21.2$17.6 million, respectively.

The amount outstanding under the Credit Facility approximates fair value as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019.

In the future, we may be exposed to additional effects of interest rate changes, primarily as a result of our Revolver, Term Loan or long-term mortgage debt, which we use to maintain liquidity and fund expansion of our real estate investment portfolio and operations. Our interest rate risk management objectives are to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows and to lower overall borrowing costs. To achieve these objectives, we will borrow primarily at fixed rates or variable rates with the lowest margins available and, in some cases, with the ability to convert variable rates to fixed rates. We may also enter into derivative financial instruments such as interest rate swaps and caps in order to mitigate the interest rate risk on a related financial instrument. We will not enter into derivative or interest rate transactions for speculative purposes.

In addition to changes in interest rates, the value of our real estate is subject to fluctuations based on changes in local and regional economic conditions and changes in the creditworthiness of lessees and borrowers, all of which may affect our ability to refinance debt, if necessary.


Item 4.Controls and Procedures.

a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 in providing a reasonable level of assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in applicable SEC rules and forms, including providing a reasonable level of assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in such reports is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. However, in evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated can provide only reasonable assurance of necessarily achieving the desired control objectives, and management was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1.Legal Proceedings.

We are not currently subject to any material legal proceedings, nor, to our knowledge, is any material legal proceeding threatened against us.

Item 1A.Risk Factors.

Our business is subject to certain risks and events that, if they occur, could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and the trading price of our securities. For a discussion of these risks, please refer to the section captioned “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on2018 Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, filed by us with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on February 15, 2017.10-K. There are no material changes to risks associated with our business or investment in our securities from those previously set forth in the reports described above.
 
Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.
 
Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.
 
Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.Other Information

On October 27, 2017, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary Gladstone Commercial Limited Partnership, and certain of its other wholly owned subsidiaries, entered into a second amended and restated credit agreement ("Credit Facility") with KeyBank National Association and certain other lenders. The Credit Facility was amended to, among other things:
Increase the term loan facility from $25.0 million to $75.0 million;
Decrease interest rate spreads by 25 basis points at all leverage tiers; and
Extend the revolving credit facility maturity date to October 2021 and the term loan maturity date to October 2022.

As part of the amendment, the Company paid modification fees in the aggregate of $0.9 million.

This description of the Credit Facility is not complete and and is qualified by the full text of the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 10.1 to this Form 10-Q.None.

Item 6.Exhibits

Exhibit Index


Exhibit
Number
  Exhibit Description
  
3.1  
  
3.2  
  

3.3  
  
3.4 
3.5
3.6
   
4.1  
  
4.2  
  
4.3  
  
4.4 
   
10.14.5 
   
1110.1 
   
12
31.131.1* 
   
31.231.2* 
   
32.132.1** 
   
32.232.2** 
   
101.INS*** XBRL Instance Document
   
101.SCH*** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
   

101.CAL*** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
   

101.LAB*** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
   
101.PRE*** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
   
101.DEF*** XBRL Definition Linkbase
 
*Filed herewith
**Furnished herewith
***Attached as Exhibit 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the following materials, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016,2018, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 20162018 and (iv) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
   Gladstone Commercial Corporation
    
Date:October 31, 2017April 30, 2019 By: /s/ Mike Sodo
     Mike Sodo
     Chief Financial Officer
    
Date:October 31, 2017April 30, 2019 By: /s/ David Gladstone
     David Gladstone
     
Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board of Directors


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