UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
     
Form 10-Q
     
xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017
or
¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 For the Transition Period from                    to                    
Commission File No. 001-32260
     
Westlake Chemical Corporation
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
     

Delaware 76-0346924
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
2801 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 600
Houston, Texas 77056
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(713) 960-9111
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes   x     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).     Yes   x     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company" and "smaller reporting"emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):
Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer ¨
Non-accelerated filer 
¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 Smaller reporting company ¨
Emerging growth company¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)     Yes   ¨     No   x
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's sole class of common stock as of November 2, 2016April 26, 2017 was 128,903,141.129,047,052.



INDEX

  
ItemPage
 
  
 




NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
The body of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States is commonly referred to as "U.S. GAAP." For this purpose, a non-GAAP financial measure is generally defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") as one that purports to measure historical or future financial performance, financial position or cash flows, but excludes or includes amounts that would not be so adjusted in the most comparable GAAP measures. In this report, we disclose so-called non-GAAP financial measures, primarily earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"). EBITDA is calculated as net income before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. The non-GAAP financial measures described in this Form 10-Q are not substitutes for the GAAP measures of earnings and cash flow.
EBITDA is included in this Form 10-Q because our management considers it an important supplemental measure of our performance and believes that it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry, some of which present EBITDA when reporting their results. We regularly evaluate our performance as compared to other companies in our industry that have different financing and capital structures and/or tax rates by using EBITDA. In addition, we utilize EBITDA in evaluating acquisition targets. Management also believes that EBITDA is a useful tool for measuring our ability to meet our future debt service, capital expenditures and working capital requirements, and EBITDA is commonly used by us and our investors to measure our ability to service indebtedness. EBITDA is not a substitute for the GAAP measures of earnings or of cash flow and is not necessarily a measure of our ability to fund our cash needs. In addition, it should be noted that companies calculate EBITDA differently and, therefore, EBITDA as presented for us may not be comparable to EBITDA reported by other companies. EBITDA has material limitations as a performance measure because it excludes interest expense, depreciation and amortization, and income taxes.



Table of Contents


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
 September 30,
2016
 December 31,
2015
 March 31,
2017
 December 31,
2016
        
 
(in thousands of dollars, except
par values and share amounts)
 
(in thousands of dollars, except
par values and share amounts)
ASSETS        
Current assets        
Cash and cash equivalents $380,519
 $662,525
 $372,591
 $459,453
Marketable securities 
 520,144
Accounts receivable, net 1,070,501
 508,532
 1,003,966
 938,743
Inventories 744,536
 434,060
 821,708
 801,100
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 54,868
 14,489
 43,695
 48,493
Restricted cash 169,320
 
 9,328
 160,527
Deferred income taxes 
 35,439
Total current assets 2,419,744
 2,175,189
 2,251,288
 2,408,316
Property, plant and equipment, net 6,450,947
 3,004,067
 6,392,745
 6,420,062
Other assets, net        
Goodwill 925,700
 62,016
 950,681
 946,553
Customer relationships 604,551
 52,677
Customer relationships, net 596,641
 611,615
Other intangible assets, net 185,651
 98,711
 172,697
 175,839
Deferred charges and other assets, net 310,456
 176,625
 360,778
 327,868
Total other assets, net 2,026,358
 390,029
 2,080,797
 2,061,875
Total assets $10,897,049
 $5,569,285
 $10,724,830
 $10,890,253
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY        
Current liabilities        
Accounts and notes payable $503,388
 $235,329
Accounts payable $543,121
 $496,259
Accrued liabilities 552,581
 287,313
 400,310
 537,483
Term loan 148,681
 
 
 149,341
Total current liabilities 1,204,650
 522,642
 943,431
 1,183,083
Long-term debt, net 3,680,585
 758,148
 3,601,642
 3,678,654
Deferred income taxes 1,607,084
 575,603
 1,649,120
 1,650,575
Pension and other post-retirement benefits 434,067
 122,821
 362,608
 364,819
Other liabilities 146,526
 28,140
 135,197
 121,077
Total liabilities 7,072,912
 2,007,354
 6,691,998
 6,998,208
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 10 and 20) 

 

Commitments and contingencies (Note 19) 

 

Stockholders' equity        
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized;
no shares issued and outstanding
 
 
 
 
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 300,000,000 shares authorized;
134,651,380 and 134,663,244 shares issued at September 30, 2016 and
December 31, 2015, respectively
 1,347
 1,347
Common stock, held in treasury, at cost; 5,752,377 and 4,444,898 shares
at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively
 (319,980) (258,312)
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 300,000,000 shares authorized; 134,651,312 and
134,651,380 shares issued at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively
 1,347
 1,347
Common stock, held in treasury, at cost; 5,608,312 and 5,726,377 shares at
March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively
 (316,396) (319,339)
Additional paid-in capital 546,519
 542,148
 552,061
 550,641
Retained earnings 3,337,968
 3,109,987
 3,525,820
 3,412,286
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (108,126) (129,292) (103,636) (121,306)
Total Westlake Chemical Corporation stockholders' equity 3,457,728
 3,265,878
 3,659,196
 3,523,629
Noncontrolling interests 366,409
 296,053
 373,636
 368,416
Total equity 3,824,137
 3,561,931
 4,032,832
 3,892,045
Total liabilities and equity $10,897,049
 $5,569,285
 $10,724,830
 $10,890,253
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

1

Table of Contents


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
 2016 2015 2016 2015 2017 2016
            
 (in thousands of dollars, except per share data and share amounts) (in thousands of dollars, except per share data and share amounts)
Net sales $1,279,028
 $1,188,037
 $3,340,276
 $3,476,570
 $1,942,616
 $975,187
Cost of sales 1,076,895
 876,761
 2,641,192
 2,527,567
 1,575,473
 719,602
Gross profit 202,133
 311,276
 699,084
 949,003
 367,143
 255,585
Selling, general and administrative expenses 72,729
 57,248
 179,757
 170,321
 123,651
 53,309
Transaction and integration-related costs 82,841
 
 90,550
 
 8,194
 
Income from operations 46,563
 254,028
 428,777
 778,682
 235,298
 202,276
Other income (expense)            
Interest expense (24,366) (8,211) (36,966) (26,760) (39,776) (6,685)
Other income, net 41,265
 2,636
 52,091
 33,790
 5,071
 2,645
Income before income taxes 63,462
 248,453
 443,902
 785,712
 200,593
 198,236
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes (6,552) 60,033
 129,332
 236,824
Provision for income taxes 55,883
 69,300
Net income 70,014
 188,420
 314,570
 548,888
 144,710
 128,936
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 4,352
 4,816
 14,656
 13,847
 6,520
 5,808
Net income attributable to
Westlake Chemical Corporation
 $65,662
 $183,604
 $299,914
 $535,041
 $138,190
 $123,128
Earnings per common share attributable to
Westlake Chemical Corporation:
            
Basic $0.51
 $1.39
 $2.31
 $4.04
 $1.07
 $0.94
Diluted $0.51
 $1.39
 $2.29
 $4.02
 $1.06
 $0.94
Weighted average common shares outstanding:            
Basic 128,793,661
 131,664,296
 129,519,577
 132,301,814
 128,979,357
 130,189,964
Diluted 129,379,956
 132,121,235
 130,103,897
 132,786,534
 129,692,015
 130,600,514
Dividends per common share $0.1906
 $0.1815
 $0.5536
 $0.5115
 $0.1906
 $0.1815
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

2

Table of Contents


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
  Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2016 2015 2016
2015
         
  (in thousands of dollars)
Net income $70,014
 $188,420
 $314,570
 $548,888
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of income taxes        
Pension and other post-retirement benefits liability        
Pension and other post-retirement reserves
   adjustment (excluding amortization)
 (206) (22) (412) (208)
Amortization of benefits liability 369
 692
 1,072
 2,019
Income tax provision on pension and other
   post-retirement benefits liability
 (60) (232) (251) (621)
Foreign currency translation adjustments 6,453
 (1,920) 15,758
 (43,746)
Available-for-sale investments        
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on
   investments
 1,550
 (716) 61,524
 3,987
Reclassification of net realized gains
   to net income
 (52,401) 
 (53,720) (3,795)
Income tax benefit (provision) on
   available-for-sale investments
 18,270
 257
 (2,805) (68)
Other comprehensive (loss) income (26,025) (1,941) 21,166
 (42,432)
Comprehensive income 43,989
 186,479
 335,736
 506,456
Comprehensive income attributable to
   noncontrolling interests, net of tax of $0
   for each of the respective periods presented
 4,352
 4,816
 14,656
 13,847
Comprehensive income attributable to
   Westlake Chemical Corporation
 $39,637
 $181,663
 $321,080
 $492,609
  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2017 2016
     
  (in thousands of dollars)
Net income $144,710
 $128,936
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes    
Pension and other post-retirement benefits liability    
Amortization of benefits liability 572
 334
Income tax provision on pension and other post-retirement benefits liability (171) (128)
Foreign currency translation adjustments    
Foreign currency translation 19,126
 22,805
Income tax provision on foreign currency translation (1,782) 
Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on investments    
Unrealized holding gains on investments 
 24,428
Reclassification of net realized gains to net income 
 (52)
Income tax provision on available-for-sale investments 
 (8,758)
Other (75) 
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes 17,670
 38,629
Comprehensive income 162,380
 167,565
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax of $813 and
   $0 for March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
 6,520
 5,808
Comprehensive income attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation $155,860
 $161,757
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

3

Table of Contents


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
 Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
 2016 2015 2017 2016
        
 (in thousands of dollars) (in thousands of dollars)
Cash flows from operating activities        
Net income $314,570
 $548,888
 $144,710
 $128,936
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities        
Depreciation and amortization 227,193
 180,229
 150,269
 65,714
Provision for doubtful accounts 1,176
 778
 978
 148
Amortization of debt issuance costs 1,018
 1,504
 535
 220
Stock-based compensation expense 6,588
 7,544
 6,303
 2,303
Loss from disposition of property, plant and equipment 6,541
 2,590
 2,899
 309
Gains realized on previously held shares of Axiall common stock and from
sales of securities
 (53,720) (3,795)
Gain on acquisition, net of loss on the fair value remeasurement
of preexisting equity interest
 
 (21,045)
Impairment of equity method investment 
 4,925
Gains realized from sales of securities 
 (52)
Write-off of debt issuance costs 659
 
Deferred income taxes 105,910
 7,585
 (6,273) 58,637
Windfall tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements (1,190) (2,452) 
 (266)
Income from equity method investments, net of dividends (61) (1,016)
Other losses, net 833
 3,584
Loss (income) from equity method investments, net of dividends 511
 (223)
Gain on involuntary conversion of assets (1,555) 
Other losses (gains), net (835) 661
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of business acquisitions        
Accounts receivable (92,311) 54,937
 (64,676) (36,324)
Inventories (6,124) 105,899
 (19,244) (40,878)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 1,631
 (5,496) 5,572
 (10,791)
Accounts payable 34,109
 (30,511) 49,377
 23,752
Accrued liabilities 73,157
 (10,893) (121,851) (54,257)
Other, net (75,160) (1,955) 10,015
 (8,954)
Net cash provided by operating activities 544,160
 841,300
 157,394
 128,935
Cash flows from investing activities        
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired (2,437,829) 15,782
Additions to property, plant and equipment (134,285) (136,328)
Additions to cost method investment (4,000) 
 (15,000) 
Additions to property, plant and equipment (467,330) (329,236)
Proceeds from disposition of assets 213
 17
 66
 104
Proceeds from disposition of equity method investment 
 27,865
Proceeds from involuntary conversion of assets 1,555
 
Proceeds from sales and maturities of securities 662,938
 16,056
 
 26,859
Purchase of securities (138,422) (282,542) 
 (36,637)
Settlements of derivative instruments (4,655) (1,535) (355) (1,219)
Net cash used for investing activities (2,389,085) (553,593) (148,019) (147,221)
Cash flows from financing activities        
Debt issuance costs (35,207) 
 (319) 
Dividends paid (71,933) (67,852) (24,656) (23,700)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests (12,300) (10,982) (4,463) (3,985)
Proceeds from debt issuance 1,428,512
 
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 1,650
 984
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable 5,597
 19,483
 1,874
 2,050
Proceeds from term loan and drawdown of revolver 600,000
 
Proceeds from drawdown of revolver 50,000
 
Restricted cash associated with term loan (154,000) 
 154,000
 
Repayment of term loan (150,000) 
Repayment of notes payable (10,602) (32,954) (2,469) (7,095)
Repayment of revolver (125,000) 
 (125,000) 
Repurchase of common stock for treasury (67,406) (114,254) 
 (679)
Windfall tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements 1,190
 2,452
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities 1,560,501
 (203,123)
Other 1,354
 288
Net cash used for financing activities (99,679) (33,121)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 2,418
 (3,260) 3,442
 3,858
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (282,006) 81,324
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (86,862) (47,549)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 662,525
 880,601
 459,453
 662,525
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $380,519
 $961,925
 $372,591
 $614,976
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

4

Table of Contents
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)


1. Basis of Financial Statements
The accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements were prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") for interim periods. Accordingly, certain information and footnotes required for complete financial statements under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") have not been included. These interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the December 31, 20152016 financial statements and notes thereto of Westlake Chemical Corporation (the "Company") included in the annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20152016 (the "20152016 Form 10-K"), filed with the SEC on February 24, 2016.22, 2017. These financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the accounting principles and practices as disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.2016.
In the opinion of the Company's management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that are necessary for a fair statement of the Company's financial position as of September 30, 2016March 31, 2017, its results of operations for the three and ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016 and 2015 and the changes in its cash position for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016 and 2015.
Results of operations and changes in cash position for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that will be realized for the fiscal year ending December 31, 20162017 or any other interim period. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified in the consolidated balance sheet and consolidated statements of operations to conform to current presentation.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU No. 2014-09)
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued an accounting standards update on a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede the existing revenue recognition guidance. The new accounting guidance creates a framework by which an entity will allocate the transaction price to separate performance obligations and recognize revenue when each performance obligation is satisfied. Under the new standard, entities will be required to use judgment and make estimates, including identifying performance obligations in a contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price, allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation and determining when an entity satisfies its performance obligations. The standard allows for either "full retrospective" adoption, meaning that the standard is applied to all of the periods presented with a cumulative catch-up as of the earliest period presented, or "modified retrospective" adoption, meaning the standard is applied only to the most current period presented in the financial statements with a cumulative catch-up as of the current period. In 2016, the FASB issued various additional authoritative guidance for the new revenue recognition standard. The accounting standard will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (ASU No. 2016-01)
In January 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update making certain changes principally to the current guidance for equity investments, financial liabilities under the fair value option and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. Among other things, the guidance (1) requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in net income; (2) provide entities with a policy election to record equity investments without readily determinable fair values at cost, less impairment, and subsequent adjustments for observable price changes (changes in the basis of these equity investments to be reported in net income); (3) requires an entity that has elected the fair value option for financial liabilities to recognize changes in fair value due to instrument-specific credit risk separately in other comprehensive income; (4) clarified current guidance related to the valuation allowance assessment when recognizing deferred tax assets resulting from unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities; and (5) requires specific disclosure pertaining to financial assets and financial liabilities in the financial statements. The accounting standard will be effective for

5


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

5


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

Leases (ASU No. 2016-02)
In February 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update on a new lease standard that will supersede the existing lease guidance. The standard requires a lessee to recognize assets and liabilities related to long-term leases that are classified as operating leases under current guidance on its balance sheet. An asset would be recognized related to the right to use the underlying asset and a liability would be recognized related to the obligation to make lease payments over the term of the lease. The standard also requires expanded disclosures related to leases. The accounting standard will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Investments-EquityCredit Losses (ASU No. 2016-13)
In June 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update providing new guidance for the accounting for credit losses on loans and other financial instruments. The new guidance introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. The standard also modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities and provides for a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination. The accounting standard will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Cash Flows (ASU No. 2016-15)
In August 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update providing new guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments including debt extinguishment costs, debt prepayment costs, settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments, contingent consideration payments, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims and life insurance policies and distributions received from equity method investees in the statement of cash flows. This update is required to be applied using the retrospective transition method to each period presented unless it is impracticable to be applied retrospectively. In such situation, this guidance is to be applied prospectively. The accounting standard will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Cash Flows (ASU No. 2016-18)
In November 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to clarify certain existing principles in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 230, Cash flows, including providing additional guidance related to transfers between cash and restricted cash and how entities present, in their statement of cash flows, the cash receipts and cash payments that directly affect the restricted cash accounts. The accounting standard will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Business Combinations (ASU No. 2017-01)
In January 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to assist entities with evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. The guidance requires an entity to evaluate if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets; if so, the set of transferred assets and activities is not a business. The guidance also requires a business to include at least one substantive process and narrows the definition of outputs by more closely aligning it with how outputs are described in the ASC 606, Revenue from contracts with customers. The accounting standard will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

6


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (ASU No. 2017-04)
In January 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill. The guidance removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The accounting standard will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (ASU No. 2017-05)
In February 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to clarify the scope of guidance related to other incomegains and losses from the derecognition of nonfinancial assets, and to add guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. The new guidance clarifies that an in substance nonfinancial asset is an asset or group of assets for which substantially all of the fair value consists of nonfinancial assets and the group or subsidiary is not a business. The guidance also outlines that when an entity transfers its controlling interest in a nonfinancial asset, but retains a noncontrolling interest, it will measure the retained interest at fair value resulting in full gain or loss recognition upon sale of the controlling interest. The accounting standard will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Compensation - Retirement Benefits (ASU No. 2017-07)
In March 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to improve the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost. The new guidance requires employers to disaggregate the service cost component from the other components of net periodic benefit cost and report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The amendments also allow only the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable. The accounting standard will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (ASU No. 2016-07)
In March 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update providing new guidance for the accounting for equity method investments. The new guidance eliminates the requirement that when an investment qualifies for use of the equity method as a result of an increase in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence, an investor must adjust the investment, results of operations and retained earnings retroactively on a step-by-step basis as if the equity method had been in effect during all previous periods that the investment had been held. In addition, the guidance requires that the equity method investor add the cost of acquiring the additional interest in the investee to the current basis of the investor's previously held interest and adopt the equity method of accounting as of the date the investment becomes qualified for equity method accounting. Therefore, upon qualifying for the equity method of accounting, no retroactive adjustment of the investment is required. The accounting standard will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is inadopted this accounting standard effective January 1, 2017 and the process of evaluatingadoption did not have a material impact on the impact that the new accounting guidance will have on itsCompany's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Stock Compensation (ASU No. 2016-09)
In March 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income tax consequences, classifications of awards as either equity or liabilities and certain related classifications on the statement of cash flows. In addition, the new guidance permits entities to make an accounting policy election for the impact of forfeitures on the recognition of expense for share-based payment awards. Forfeitures can be estimated, as required today, or recognized when they occur. The accounting standard will bebecame effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 20162016. The Company adopted this accounting standard effective January 1, 2017 and isthe adoption did not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Credit Losses (ASU No. 2016-13)
In June 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update providing new guidance for the accounting for credit losses on loans and other financial instruments. The new guidance introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. The standard also modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities and provides for a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination. The accounting standard will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Cash Flows (ASU No. 2016-16)
In August 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update providing new guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments including debt extinguishment costs, debt prepayment costs, settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments, contingent consideration payments, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims and life insurance policies and distributions received from equity method investees in the statement of cash flows. This update is required to be applied using the retrospective transition method to each period presented unless it is impracticable to be applied retrospectively. In such situation, this guidance is to be applied prospectively. The accounting standard will be effective for reporting periods

67


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis (ASU No. 2015-02)2016-17)
In February 2015,October 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update making certain changes to the current consolidation guidance. The amendments affect both thereporting entities that are required to evaluate whether they should consolidate a variable interest entity and voting interestin certain situations involving entities under common control. Specifically, the amendments change the evaluation of whether a reporting entity consolidation models. The new standard changesis the considerationprimary beneficiary of substantive rights, related party interests and fees paid to the decision maker when applying thea variable interest entity consolidation model and eliminates certain guidance for limited partnerships and similar entitiesby changing how a reporting entity that is a single decision maker of a variable interest entity treats indirect interests in the entity held through related parties that are under common control with the voting interest consolidation model.reporting entity. The accounting standard isamendments became effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The Company adopted this accounting standard effective January 1, 2016 and the adoption did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs (ASU No. 2015-03)
In April 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standards update on simplifying the presentation of debt issuance costs, which requires all costs incurred to issue debt to be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the associated debt liability, consistent with the presentation of a debt discount. The accounting standard is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The Company adopted this accounting standard effective January 1, 2016. As a result, Other assets, net—Deferred charges and other assets, net and Long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 have been adjusted to $176,625 and $758,148, respectively, from the originally reported $173,384 and $764,115, respectively, to reflect the retrospective application of the new accounting guidance. The adoption of this accounting standard did not have an impact on the Company's results of operations and cash flows.
Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal use software (ASU No. 2015-05)
In April 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to provide clarification on accounting for cloud computing arrangements which include a software license. The accounting standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The Company adopted this accounting standard, to be applied prospectively, effective January 1, 2016. Consistent with2017, and the prospective application of this accounting standard, prior period comparative information was not adjusted. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments (ASU No. 2015-16)
In September 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standards update that requires an acquirer to recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. The guidance requires that the acquirer record, in the same period's financial statements, the effect on earnings of changes in depreciation, amortization or other income effects, if any, as a result of the change to the provisional amounts, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. The new guidance further requires specific disclosure pertaining to the measurement period adjustments. The accounting standard is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The Company adopted this accounting standard effective January 1, 2016 and the adoption did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (ASU No. 2015-17)
In November 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standards update that requires all deferred tax assets and liabilities, along with any related valuation allowance, to be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet. As a result, each jurisdiction will now only have one net noncurrent deferred tax asset or liability. The new guidance does not change the existing requirement that only permits offsetting within a jurisdiction. The accounting standard is required to be adopted for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016; however, early adoption of this standard is permitted. The Company elected to early adopt this accounting standard, to be applied prospectively, effective January 1, 2016. Consistent with the prospective application of this accounting standard, prior period comparative information was not adjusted. The early adoption of this accounting standard did not have an impact on the Company's results of operations and cash flows.

7


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

2. Acquisition
On August 31, 2016, the Company completed its previously announced acquisition of, and acquired all the remaining equity interest in, Axiall Corporation ("Axiall"), a Delaware corporation. Prior to the acquisition, the Company held 3.1 million shares in Axiall. Pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, (the "Merger Agreement"), dated as of June 10, 2016, by and among Westlake, Axiall and Lagoon Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation that is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Westlake ("Merger Sub"), the Company acquired all of the remaining issued and outstanding shares of common stock of Axiall for $33.00 per share in cash. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub was merged with and into Axiall (the "Merger"), and Axiall survived the Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. The combined company is the third-largest global chlor-alkali producer and the third-largest global polyvinyl chloride ("PVC") producer. The Company's management believes that this strategic acquisition will enhance its strategy of integration and will further strengthen its role in the North American markets.
Axiall produces a highly integrated chain of chlor-alkali and derivative products, including chlorine, caustic soda, vinyl chloride monomer ("VCM"), vinyl resins, ethylene dichloride (OR 1, 2 dichloroethane),PVC resin, PVC compounds and chlorinated solvents, calcium hypochlorite and hydrochloric acid, and compoundderivative products. Axiall also manufactures and sells building products, including interior and exteriorsiding, trim, and mouldings, products, deck products, siding, pipe and pipe fittings. Substantially all of the vinyl resin used to manufacture Axiall's building products is sourced internally.
Total consideration transferred for the Axiall Merger was $2,526,080.$2,539,360. The Merger is being accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the results of operations of the acquired business are included in the Company's Vinyls segment.
The acquired business contributed net sales and net loss of $257,407 and ($47,164), respectively, to the Company for the period from August 31, 2016 to September 30, 2016. The net loss for the period from August 31, 2016 to September 30, 2016 included integration-related costs and the negative impact of selling higher cost Axiall inventory recorded at fair value. The following unaudited consolidated pro forma information presents consolidated information as if the Merger had occurred on January 1, 2015:
  
Pro Forma
Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2016 2015
Net sales $5,345,365
 $6,053,330
Net income (1)
 $284,324
 $595,442
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest 16,404
 (5,953)
Net income attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation (1)
 $267,920
 $601,395
Earnings per common share attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation    
Basic $2.06
 $4.54
Diluted $2.05
 $4.52
_____________
(1)The 2016 pro forma net income amounts include Axiall's historical charges recorded during the eight-month period prior to the closing of the Merger for (1) divestitures; (2) restructuring; and (3) legal and settlement claims, net, of $26,666, $22,881 and $23,376, respectively. These amounts have not been eliminated for pro forma purposes because they do not relate to nonrecurring transaction specific costs related to the Merger.
The pro forma amounts above have been calculated after applying the Company's accounting policies and adjusting the Axiall results to reflect (1) the increase to depreciation and amortization that would have been charged assuming the fair value adjustments to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets had been applied from January 1, 2015; (2) the elimination of net sales and cost of sales between the Company and Axiall; (3) additional pension service costs; (4) amortization of debt premium and accretion of asset retirement obligations and environmental liabilities as part of the Company's adjustments to fair value; (5) incremental interest expense that would have been incurred assuming the financing arrangements entered by the Company and repayment of a portion of Axiall's outstanding debt had occurred on January 1, 2015; (6) the elimination of transaction-related costs; (7) the elimination of Axiall's goodwill impairment charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and (8) an adjustment to tax-effect the aforementioned pro forma adjustments using an estimated aggregate statutory

8


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

income tax rate of the jurisdictions to which the above adjustments relate. The pro forma amounts do not include any potential synergies, cost savings or other expected benefits of the Merger, are presented for illustrative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of results that would have been achieved if the Merger had occurred as of January 1, 2015 or of future operating performance.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recognized $90,550 of transaction and integration-related costs. This included acquisition-related costs of $43,895 for advisory, consulting and professional fees and other expenses. Transaction and integration-related costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 also included $46,655 related to settlement of Axiall share-based awards, retention agreement costs and severance benefits provided to former Axiall executives in connection with the Merger.
The following table summarizes the consideration transferred and the estimated fair value of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition. The preliminary allocation of the consideration transferred is based on management's estimates, judgments and assumptions. When determining the fair values of assets acquired, liabilities assumed and noncontrolling interests of the acquiree, management made significant estimates, judgments and assumptions. These estimates, judgments and assumptions are subject to change upon final valuation and should be treated as preliminary values. Management estimated that consideration paid exceeded the fair value of the net assets acquired. Therefore, goodwill of $863,144$887,491 was recorded. The goodwill recognized is primarily attributable to synergies related to the Company's vinyls integration strategy that are expected to arise from the Merger. All of the goodwill is assigned to the Company's Vinyls segment. As a portion of the goodwill arising from the Merger is attributable to foreign operations, there will be a continuing foreign currency impact to goodwill onin the financial statements.
 Final Purchase Consideration as of August 31, 2016
Closing stock purchase:    
Offer per share $33.00
 $33.00
Multiplied by number of shares outstanding at acquisition 67,277
 67,277
Fair value of Axiall shares outstanding purchased by the Company $2,220,141
 2,220,141
  
Plus:  
Axiall debt repaid at acquisition 247,135
 247,135
Seller's transaction costs paid by the Company (1)
 47,458
 47,458
Total fair value of consideration transferred 2,514,734
  
Fair value of Axiall share-based awards attributed to pre-combination service (2)
 11,346
 11,346
Purchase consideration transferred $2,526,080
Additional settlement value of shares acquired 13,280
Purchase consideration 2,539,360
    
Fair value of previously held equity interest in Axiall (3)
 102,300
 102,300
Total fair value allocated to net assets acquired $2,628,380
 $2,641,660
_____________
(1)TransactionsTransaction costs incurred by the seller includeincluded legal and advisory costs incurred for the benefit of Axiall's former shareholders and board of directors to evaluate the Company's initial Merger proposals, explore strategic alternatives and negotiate the purchase price.
(2)The fair value of share-based awards attributable to pre-combination service includes the ratio of the pre-combination service performed to the original service period of the Axiall restricted share units and options, including related dividend equivalent rights.
(3)Prior to the Merger, the Company owned 3.1 million shares in Axiall. The investment in Axiall was carried at estimated fair value with unrealized gains recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss onin the consolidated balance sheet. The Company recognized a $49,080 gain for the investment in other income, net in the consolidated statementstatements of operations upon gaining control.
The final allocation of purchase consideration, based on final valuations, could include changes in the estimated fair value of (1) inventories; (2)inventories, property, plant and equipment; (3)equipment, equity investments; (4)investments, customer relationships, trade names, developed technologies and other intangibles; (5)intangibles, deferred income taxes; (6) all contingencies; (7)taxes, assumed contingencies, asset retirement obligations;obligations and (8) noncontrolling interests. The assumed contingencies relate to environmental liabilities, legal liabilities, asset retirement obligations and warranty reserves that are provisionally recorded based on estimated fair value.reserves.

9


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

The information below represents the preliminary purchase price allocation:
Cash $88,251
 $88,251
Accounts receivable(1) 422,023
 422,459
Income tax receivable 48,398
 55,193
Inventories 302,868
 306,158
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 48,435
 55,462
Property, plant and equipment 3,189,582
 3,134,741
Customer relationships (weighted average life of 10.7 years) 560,000
Customer relationships (weighted average lives of 10.7 years) 590,000
Other intangible assets:    
Trade name (weighted average life of 6.8 years) 50,000
Technology (weighted average life of 5.4 years) 41,500
Supply contracts and leases (weighted average life of 6.0 years) 26,710
Trade name (weighted average lives of 6.8 years) 50,000
Technology (weighted average lives of 5.4 years) 41,500
Supply contracts and leases (weighted average lives of 6.3 years) 27,288
Other assets 105,214
 98,708
Total assets acquired 4,882,981
 4,869,760
Accounts and notes payable 253,967
 255,232
Interest payable 8,154
 8,154
Income tax payable 1,921
 967
Accrued compensation 30,057
 44,186
Accrued liabilities 165,793
 152,550
Deferred income taxes 973,799
 985,128
Tax reserve non-current 3,130
 3,130
Pension and other post retirement obligations 311,106
Pension and other post-retirement obligations 311,106
Other liabilities 114,528
 99,848
Long-term debt 1,187,290
 1,187,290
Total liabilities assumed 3,049,745
 3,047,591
Total identifiable net assets acquired 1,833,236
 1,822,169
Noncontrolling interest (68,000) (68,000)
Goodwill 863,144
 887,491
Total purchase consideration $2,628,380
Total fair value allocated to net assets acquired $2,641,660

(1)The fair value of accounts receivable acquired is $422,459, with the gross contractual amount being $434,834. The Company expects $12,375 to be uncollectible.
3. Financial Instruments
Cash Equivalents
The Company had $1,942 and $221,918 of held-to-maturity securities with original maturities of three months or less, primarily consisting of corporate debt securities, classified as cash equivalents at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The Company's investments in held-to-maturity securities are held at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.
Restricted Cash
The Company had restricted cash and cash equivalents of $195,705$32,231 at September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, which arewas primarily related to balances that are restricted for payment of distributions to certain of the Company's current and former employees. The Company had restricted cash and cash equivalents of $186,216 at December 31, 2016, which was primarily related to balances deposited with and held as security by the lender under the Company's current term loan facility and for distributions to certain of Axiall'sthe Company's current and former employees. The current and non-currentportion of restricted cash and cash equivalents was $9,328 and $160,527 at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The noncurrent portion of $169,320restricted cash and $26,385,cash equivalents was $22,903 and $25,689 at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and is reflected under current assets and as a component of other assets, net—Deferredin deferred charges and other assets, net respectively, onin the consolidated balance sheet. The Company had no restricted cash balances at December 31, 2015.sheets.

10


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

Available-for-Sale Marketable Securities
The Company had no available-for-sale securities at September 30, 2016. Investments in available-for-sale securitiesMarch 31, 2017 or at December 31, 20152016.
There were classified as follows:
  December 31,
2015
Current $520,144
Non-current 48,081
Total available-for-sale securities $568,225
The cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair valueno sales or maturities of the Company's available-for-sale securities were as follows:
  December 31, 2015
  Cost Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
(1)
 Fair Value
Debt securities        
Corporate bonds $336,665
 $55
 $(1,076) $335,644
U.S. government debt (2)
 135,226
 2
 (374) 134,854
Asset-backed securities 49,759
 2
 (115) 49,646
Equity securities 54,371
 466
 (6,756) 48,081
Total available-for-sale securities $576,021
 $525
��$(8,321) $568,225
_____________
(1)All unrealized loss positions were held at a loss for less than 12 months.
(2)U.S. Treasury obligations, U.S. government agency obligations and U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities.
As of Decemberduring the three months ended March 31, 2015, net unrealized losses on the Company's available-for-sale securities of $4,995, net of income tax benefit of $2,801, were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
2017. The proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities included in the consolidated statementsstatement of cash flows and the gross realized gains and losses included in the consolidated statementsstatement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 are reflected in the table below. The cost of securities sold was determined using the specific identification method.
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016
Proceeds from sales and maturities of securities $360,506
 $1,019
 $662,938
 $16,056
 $26,859
Gross realized gains 52,414
 
 53,755
 3,795
 61
Gross realized losses 13
 
 35
 
 (9)
4. Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable consist of the following:
 September 30,
2016
 December 31,
2015
 March 31,
2017
 December 31,
2016
Trade customers $923,499
 $438,538
 $951,555
 $819,739
Affiliates 9,965
 7,982
Allowance for doubtful accounts (15,322) (14,095) (18,856) (17,991)
 908,177
 424,443
 942,664
 809,730
Federal and state taxes 134,733
 60,748
 32,901
 90,414
Other 27,591
 23,341
 28,401
 38,599
Accounts receivable, net $1,070,501
 $508,532
 $1,003,966
 $938,743

11


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

5. Inventories
Inventories consist of the following:
 September 30,
2016
 December 31,
2015
 March 31,
2017
 December 31,
2016
Finished products $466,165
 $253,338
 $491,849
 $500,861
Feedstock, additives and chemicals 199,827
 106,435
 202,065
 216,877
Materials and supplies 78,544
 74,287
 127,794
 83,362
Inventories $744,536
 $434,060
 $821,708
 $801,100
6. Property, Plant and Equipment
As of September 30, 2016March 31, 2017, the Company had property, plant and equipment, net totaling $6,450,947.$6,392,745. The Company assesses these assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, including when negative conditions such as significant current or projected operating losses exist. Other factors considered by the Company when determining if an impairment assessment is necessary include, but are not limited to, significant changes or projected changes in supply and demand fundamentals (which would have a negative impact on operating rates or margins), new technological developments, new competitors with significant raw material or other cost advantages, adverse changes associated with the U.S. and world economies and uncertainties associated with governmental actions. Long-lived assets assessed for impairment are grouped at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities.
Depreciation expense on property, plant and equipment of $75,143114,091 and $52,20856,041 is primarily included in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016 and 2015, respectively. Depreciation expense on property, plant and equipment of $189,114 and $153,129 is primarily included in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
7. Other Assets
Amortization expense on intangible and other assets of $19,175 and $9,419 is included in the consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Amortization expense on intangible and other assets of $38,340 and $28,235 is included in the consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Goodwill
The gross carrying amounts of goodwill and the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were as follows:
  Olefins Segment Vinyls Segment Total
Balance at December 31, 2015 $29,990
 $32,026
 $62,016
Goodwill acquired during the period 
 863,144
 863,144
Effects of changes in foreign exchange rates 
 540
 540
Balance at September 30, 2016 $29,990
 $895,710
 $925,700
8. Accounts and Notes Payable
Accounts and notes payable consist of the following:
  September 30,
2016
 December 31,
2015
Accounts payable $502,378
 $229,219
Notes payable to banks 1,010
 6,110
Accounts and notes payable $503,388
 $235,329

1211


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

7. Other Assets
Amortization expense on intangible and other assets of $36,330 is primarily included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Amortization expense on intangible and other assets of $9,770 is primarily included in cost of sales for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
Goodwill
The gross carrying amounts of goodwill and the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2017 were as follows:
  Olefins Segment Vinyls Segment Total
Balance at December 31, 2016 $29,990
 $916,563
 $946,553
Goodwill acquired during the period 
 
 
Effects of changes in foreign exchange rates 
 4,128
 4,128
Balance at March 31, 2017 $29,990
 $920,691
 $950,681
8. Accounts Payable
Accounts payable consist of the following:
  March 31,
2017
 December 31,
2016
Accounts payable—third parties $529,388
 $474,017
Accounts payable to affiliates 12,544
 20,726
Notes payable to banks 1,189
 1,516
Accounts payable $543,121
 $496,259
9. Term Loan
On August 10, 2016, an indirect subsidiary of the Company, Westlake International Holdings II C.V., a limited partnership organized under the laws of the Netherlands (the "CV Borrower"), entered into a credit agreement with Bank of America, N.A., as agent and lender, providing the CV Borrower with a $150,000 term loan facility. The term loan facility matures onhad a maturity date of March 31, 2017. The term loan was fully repaid in January 2017. The loans thereunder bearbore interest at a floating interest rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.0%2% per annum, payable in arrears on the last day of each three-month period following the date of funding and at maturity. The CV Borrower may elect to convert the interest rate to a base rate with a 1.0% spread. The interest rate on the outstanding term loan was 2.82% at September 30, 2016.
The facility containscontained customary covenants and events of default that imposeimposed certain operating and financial restrictions on the CV Borrower and certain of its subsidiaries. These restrictions, among other things, provideprovided limitations on the incurrence of additional indebtedness and liens and the ability to engage in certain transactions with affiliates.
Pursuant to the credit agreement, all of the non-U.S. subsidiaries of the Company arewere to remain owned, directly or indirectly, by the CV Borrower and its wholly owned subsidiary, Westlake International II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("WII LLC"). The CV Borrower iswas also required, together with its subsidiaries, to maintain at all times unencumbered cash and cash equivalents in a U.S. dollar equivalent of not less than $150,000, which amount shallwould be increased by 5% to the extent maintained in non-U.S. currencies. In connection therewith, an amount of cash and cash equivalents for the period (a) from the closing date until the date 30 days thereafter, not less than $50,000, and (b) thereafter, not less than $75,000, shallwas required to be maintained by the CV Borrower and its subsidiaries in accounts at Bank of America, N.A., in accordance with existing cash management agreements.
Obligations under the term loan facility arewere secured by a pledge of 65% of the membership interests of WII LLC as well as rights under the partnership agreement of Westlake International Holdings C.V., a limited partnership organized under the laws of the Netherlands, held by WII LLC and the CV Borrower.
10. Long-Term Debt
The Company adopted an accounting standards update to simplify the presentation of debt issuance costs effective January 1, 2016. The standard requires, on a retrospective basis, all costs incurred to issue debt, excluding line-of-credit arrangements, to be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the associated debt liability. As a result, Other assets, net—Deferred charges and other assets, net and Long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 have been adjusted to $176,625 and $758,148, respectively, from the originally reported $173,384 and $764,115, respectively, to reflect the retrospective application of the new accounting guidance.

1312


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

10. Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt consists of the following:
 September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016
 Principal
Amount
 
Unamortized
Premium,
Discount
and Debt
Issuance
Costs
(1)
 Net
Long-term
Debt
 Principal
Amount
 
Unamortized
Discount
and Debt
Issuance
Costs
 (1)
 Net
Long-term
Debt
 Principal
Amount
 
Unamortized
Premium,
Discount
and Debt
Issuance
Costs
 Net
Long-term
Debt
 Principal
Amount
 Unamortized
Premium,
Discount
and Debt
Issuance
Costs
 Net
Long-term
Debt
Revolving credit facility $325,000
 $
 $325,000
 $
 $
 $
 $250,000
 $
 $250,000
 $325,000
 $
 $325,000
4.625% senior notes due 2021 (the
"4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes")
 624,793
 28,463
 653,256
 
 
 
 624,793
 25,123
 649,916
 624,793
 26,837
 651,630
4.625% senior notes due 2021
(the "4.625% Subsidiary 2021 Senior
Notes")
 63,207
 3,036
 66,243
 
 
 
 63,207
 2,690
 65,897
 63,207
 2,862
 66,069
3.60% senior notes due 2022 250,000
 (1,976) 248,024
 250,000
 (2,232) 247,768
 250,000
 (1,806) 248,194
 250,000
 (1,891) 248,109
4.875% senior notes due 2023 (the
"4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes")
 433,793
 13,958
 447,751
 
 
 
 433,793
 12,840
 446,633
 433,793
 13,431
 447,224
4.875% senior notes due 2023
(the "4.875% Subsidiary 2023 Senior
Notes")
 16,207
 562
 16,769
 
 
 
 16,207
 519
 16,726
 16,207
 540
 16,747
3.60% senior notes due 2026
(the "3.60% 2026 Senior Notes")
 750,000
 (10,918) 739,082
 
 
 
 750,000
 (10,564) 739,436
 750,000
 (10,757) 739,243
Loan related to tax-exempt waste
disposal revenue bonds due 2027
 10,889
 
 10,889
 10,889
 
 10,889
 10,889
 
 10,889
 10,889
 
 10,889
6 ½% senior notes due 2029 100,000
 (934) 99,066
 100,000
 (989) 99,011
 100,000
 (898) 99,102
 100,000
 (916) 99,084
6 ¾% senior notes due 2032 250,000
 (1,913) 248,087
 250,000
 (2,002) 247,998
 250,000
 (1,853) 248,147
 250,000
 (1,883) 248,117
6 ½% senior notes due 2035 (the "6 ½%
2035 GO Zone Senior Notes")
 89,000
 (851) 88,149
 89,000
 (884) 88,116
 89,000
 (828) 88,172
 89,000
 (839) 88,161
6 ½% senior notes due 2035 (the "6 ½%
2035 IKE Zone Senior Notes")
 65,000
 (610) 64,390
 65,000
 (634) 64,366
 65,000
 (594) 64,406
 65,000
 (602) 64,398
5.0% senior notes due 2046 (the "5.0%
2046 Senior Notes")
 700,000
 (26,121) 673,879
 
 
 
 700,000
 (25,876) 674,124
 700,000
 (26,017) 673,983
Long-term debt, net $3,677,889
 $2,696
 $3,680,585
 $764,889
 $(6,741) $758,148
 $3,602,889
 $(1,247) $3,601,642
 $3,677,889
 $765
 $3,678,654
_____________
(1)Includes unamortized debt issuance costs of $21,286 and $5,967 at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.
Credit Agreement
On August 23, 2016, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered into an unsecured revolving credit facility (the "Credit Agreement"), by and among the Company, the other borrowers and guarantors referred to therein, the lenders from time to time party thereto (collectively, the "Lenders"), the issuing banks party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent. Under the Credit Agreement, the Lenders have committed to provide an unsecured five-year revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $1,000,000. The Credit Agreement replaced the Company's existing $400,000 senior secured third amended and restated credit facility, dated as of July 17, 2014, by and among the Company, the financial institutions party thereto, as lenders, Bank of America, N.A., as agent, and the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, as borrowers. The Credit Agreement includes a $150,000 sub-limit for letters of credit, and any outstanding letters of credit will be deducted from availability under the facility. The Credit Agreement also provides for a discretionary $50,000 commitment for swing line loans to be provided on a same-day basis. The Company may also increase the size of the facility, in increments of at least $25,000, up to a maximum of $500,000, subject to certain conditions and if certain Lenders agree to commit to such an increase.
At September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, the Company had $325,000$250,000 of borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement will bear interest, at the Company's option, at either (a) LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 1.0% to

14


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

1.75% that will vary depending on the credit rating of the Company or (b) Alternate Base Rate plus a spread ranging from 0.0% to 0.75% that will vary depending on the credit rating of the Company. The Credit Agreement also requires an undrawn commitment fee ranging from 0.10% to 0.25% that will vary depending on the credit rating of the Company. The interest rate on the borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility was 2.05%2.34% at September 30, 2016.March 31, 2017. The Credit Agreement matures on August 23, 2021. As of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, the Company had outstanding letters of credit totaling $76,581$76,493 and borrowing availability of $598,419$673,507 under the Credit Agreement.
The obligations As of March 31, 2017, the Company under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by current and future material domestic subsidiaries of the Company, subject to customary exceptions. The Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including a quarterly total leverage ratio financial maintenance covenant. The Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default and if and for so long as an event of default has occurred and is continuing, any amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement will accrue interest at an increased rate, the Lenders can terminate their commitments thereunder and payments of any outstanding amounts could be accelerated by the Lenders. As of September 30, 2016, the Company iswas in compliance with the total leverage ratio financial maintenance covenant.
3.60% Senior Notes due 2026 and 5.0% Senior Notes due 2046
OnIn August 10, 2016, the Company completed its private offering ofissued $750,000 aggregate principal amount of 3.60% senior notes due 2026 (the "3.60% 2026 Senior Notes") and $700,000 aggregate principal amount of 5.0% senior notes due 2046 (the "5.0% 2046 Senior Notes"). The 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes are the Company's senior obligations and are guaranteed on a senior basis by certain of the Company's existing and future domestic subsidiaries. The 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes and guarantees are unsecured and rank equally with the Company's existing and future senior unsecured obligations and each guarantor's existing and future senior unsecured obligations. TheIn connection with the private offering and issuance of the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes, the Company has entered into a registration rights agreement inpursuant to which, it hasamong other things, the Company agreed to file an exchange offer registration statement or, under specified circumstances, a shelf registration statement, with the SEC with respecta registration statement relating to

13


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

an offer to exchange the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes for new SEC-registered notes (the “2026 and 2046 Exchange Notes”) containing terms substantially identical to the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes. The net proceeds fromNotes (except that the offering were used to financetransfer restrictions on the Merger2026 and to repay amounts under the term loan facility dated February 27, 2015 entered into by Axiall Holdco, Inc. (a wholly-owned subsidiary of Axiall), as the borrower, with the financial institutions party thereto.2046 Exchange Notes will be modified or eliminated and there will be no registration rights). The indenture governing the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes contains customary events of default and covenants that will restrict the Company's and certain of its subsidiaries' ability to (1) incur certain secured indebtedness, (2) engage in certain sale-leaseback transactions and (3) consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of the Company's or their assets.
Exchange OffersOn March 27, 2017, the Company commenced registered exchange offers to exchange the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes for new notes that are identical in all material respects to the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes, except that the offer and issuance of the new SEC-registered notes have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The exchange offers expired on April 24, 2017, and approximately 99.97% of the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and 100.00% of the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes were exchanged. The 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes that were not exchanged pursuant to the exchange offers have not been registered under the Securities Act or any state securities laws and may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements or a transaction not subject to the registration requirements of the Securities Act or any state securities law.
On4.625% Senior Notes due 2021 and 4.875% Senior Notes due 2023
In September 7, 2016, the Company completedissued $624,793 aggregate principal amount of 4.625% senior notes due 2021 (the “4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes”) and $433,793 aggregate principal amount of 4.875% senior notes due 2023 (the “4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes”) upon the closing of the Company’s offers to exchange (the "Axiall“Axiall Exchange Offers"Offers”) any and all of the $688,000 aggregate principal amount of the outstanding 4.625% senior notes due 2021 (the "4.625% Subsidiary 2021 Senior Notes") issued by Eagle Spinco Inc. ("Eagle Spinco"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Axiall (“Eagle Spinco”), and the $450,000 aggregate principal amount of the outstanding 4.875% senior notes due 2023 (the "4.875% Subsidiary 2023 Senior Notes" and, together with the 4.625% Subsidiary 2021 Senior Notes, the "Subsidiary Notes") issued by Axiall for new senior notes issued by the Company having the same maturity and interest rates as the Subsidiary Notes. The 4.625% Subsidiary 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% Subsidiary 2023 Senior Notes were assumed at fair value, which resulted in a premium on the Subsidiary Notes of $33,540 and $15,750, respectively.Axiall. In the Axiall Exchange Offers, $624,793 aggregate principal amount of the 4.625% SubsidiaryWestlake 2021 Senior Notes and $433,793 aggregate principal amount of the 4.875% SubsidiaryWestlake 2023 Senior Notes were exchanged, respectively, for $624,793 aggregate principal amount of 4.625% senior notes due 2021 (the "4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes") and $433,793 aggregate principal amount of 4.875% senior notes due 2023 (the "4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes") issued by the Company, leaving outstanding $63,207 aggregate principal amount of the 4.625% 2021 senior notes (the "4.625% Subsidiary 2021 Senior NotesNotes") and $16,207 aggregate principal amount of the 4.875% 2023 senior notes (the " 4.875% Subsidiary 2023 Senior Notes.Notes"). The Subsidiary Notes are the senior unsecured obligations of Axiall and Eagle Spinco, respectively. The 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes are the Company's senior obligations and are guaranteed on a senior basis by certain of the Company's existing and future domestic subsidiaries. The 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes and guarantees are unsecured and rank equally with the Company's existing and future senior unsecured obligations and each guarantor's existing and future senior unsecured obligations. TheIn connection with the private offering and issuance of the 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes, the Company has entered into a registration rights agreement inpursuant to which, it hasamong other things, the Company agreed to file an exchange offer registration statement or, under specified circumstances, a shelf registration statement, with the SEC with respecta registration statement relating to an offer to exchange the 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes for new SEC-registered notes (the “2021 and 2023 Exchange Notes”) containing terms substantially identical to the 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes.Notes (except that the transfer restrictions on the 2021 and 2023 Exchange Notes will be modified or eliminated and there will be no registration rights). The indenture governing the 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes contains customary events of default and covenants that will restrict the Company's and certain of its subsidiaries' ability to (1) incur certain secured indebtedness, (2) engage in certain sale-leaseback transactions and (3) consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of the Company's or their assets.
On March 27, 2017, the Company commenced registered exchange offers to exchange the 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes for new SEC-registered notes that are identical in all material respects to the 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes, except that the offer and issuance of the new notes have been registered under the Securities Act. The exchange offers expired on April 24, 2017, and approximately 99.97% of the 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes and 100.00% of the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes were exchanged. The 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes that were not exchanged pursuant to the exchange offers have not been registered under the Securities Act or any state securities laws and may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements or a transaction not subject to the registration requirements of the Securities Act or any state securities law.

1514


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

to (1) incur certain secured indebtedness, (2) engageAs of March 31, 2017, the Company was in certain sale-leaseback transactions and (3) consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantiallycompliance with all of the Company's or their assets.covenants with respect to the Credit Agreement, 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes, 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes, 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes, 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes, 3.60% Senior Notes Due 2022, 6 ½% senior notes due 2029, the 6 ¾% senior notes due 2032, the 6 ½% 2035 GO Zone Senior Notes, the 6 ½% 2035 IKE Zone Senior Notes and the waste disposal revenue bonds.
Bridge Loan Agreement
In JuneUnamortized debt issuance costs on Long-term debt were $23,767 and $24,113 at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, in connection with the Axiall acquisition, the Company entered into a commitment letter with various lenders pursuant to which such lenders agreed to provide for a senior unsecured bridge loan facility of up to $1,765,000 in the aggregate. Also in June 2016, the Company paid structuring and other fees of approximately $9,700 in connection with the senior unsecured bridge loan facility. On August 26, 2016, the Company terminated the senior unsecured bridge loan facility and expensed the remaining $8,900 of structuring and other fees paid for the senior unsecured bridge loan facility. This amount is included in other income, net, in the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.respectively.
11. Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits
In connection with the Merger, the Company assumed certain U.S. and non-U.S. pension plans and other post-retirement benefit plans covering Axiall employees. The Axiall pension plans are closed to new participants and provide benefits to certain employees and retirees. The other post-retirement benefit plans are unfunded and provide medical and life insurance benefits for certain employees and their dependents. See Note 2 for the fair value of pension and other post-retirement obligations assumed in the Merger.
Defined Benefit Plans
Components of net periodic benefit cost (income) for the Company's pension plans are as follows:
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
 2016 2015 2016 2015 2017 2016
 U.S.
Plans
 Non-U.S.
Plans
 U.S.
Plans
 Non-U.S.
Plans
 U.S.
Plans
 Non-U.S.
Plans
 U.S.
Plans
 Non-U.S.
Plans
 U.S.
Plans
 Non-U.S.
Plans
 U.S.
Plans
 Non-U.S.
Plans
Service cost $315
 $318
 $
 $416
 $315
 $777
 $29
 $1,248
 $1,336
 $554
 $
 $323
Expected administrative
expenses
 730
 
 
 
 730
 
 
 
Interest cost 2,191
 622
 487
 528
 1,553
 1,763
 1,519
 1,585
 6,198
 561
 567
 568
Expected return on plan assets (3,800) (50) (712) 
 (5,260) (50) (2,237) 
 (9,976) (114) (802) 
Amortization of net loss 338
 
 333
 263
 978
 
 942
 789
 297
 151
 303
 
Net periodic benefit (income)
cost
 $(226) $890
 $108
 $1,207
 $(1,684) $2,490
 $253
 $3,622
Net periodic benefit cost (income) $(2,145) $1,152
 $68
 $891
The Company made no contribution$2,258 of contributions to its U.S. pension plans inand $390 of contributions to its non-U.S. pension plans during the first ninethree months of 20162017. The Company contributed $349made no contributions to its U.S. and non-U.S. pension plans induring the first ninethree months of 2015. ended March 31, 2016.
The Company's funding policy for its U.S. plans is consistent with the minimum funding requirements of federal law and regulations, and, based on preliminary estimates, the Company does not expect to make contributions to its U.S. pension plans for the remainder of fiscal year ending December 31, 2016. The Company expects to make contributions of approximately $200 for$6,774 to its U.S. pension plans and contributions of approximately $459 to its non-U.S. pension plans during the remainder of the fiscal year ending December 31, 2016.2017.
Other Post-retirement Benefits
Components of net periodic benefit cost for the Company's other post-retirement benefits are as follows:
  Three Months Ended March 31, Three Months Ended March 31,
  2017 2016
  U.S.
Plans
 Non-U.S.
Plans
 U.S.
Plans
Service cost $163
 $5
 $5
Interest cost 500
 14
 145
Amortization of net loss 15
 
 31
Net periodic benefit cost $678
 $19
 $181

15


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

12. Stockholders' Equity
Changes in stockholders' equity for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:
  
Common
Stock
 
Common
Stock,
Held in
Treasury
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Noncontrolling
Interests
 Total
Balances at December 31, 2016 $1,347
 $(319,339) $550,641
 $3,412,286
 $(121,306) $368,416
 $3,892,045
Net income 
 
 
 138,190
 
 6,520
 144,710
Other comprehensive income
   (loss), net of income taxes:
              
Pension and other post-
   retirement benefits
   liability
 
 
 
 
 401
 (44) 357
Foreign currency
   translation adjustments
 
 
 
 
 17,344
 3,207
 20,551
Other 
 
 
 
 (75) 
 (75)
Shares issued—stock-
   based compensation
 
 2,943
 (1,589) 
 
 
 1,354
Stock-based compensation,
   net of tax on stock options
   exercised
 
 
 3,009
 
 
 
 3,009
Dividends declared 
 
 
 (24,656) 
 
 (24,656)
Distributions to noncontrolling
   interests
 
 
 
 
 
 (4,463) (4,463)
Balances at March 31, 2017 $1,347
 $(316,396) $552,061
 $3,525,820
 $(103,636) $373,636
 $4,032,832
  
Common
Stock
 
Common
Stock,
Held in
Treasury
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive 
Income (Loss)
 
Noncontrolling
Interests
 Total
Balances at December 31, 2015 $1,347
 $(258,312) $542,148
 $3,109,987
 $(129,292) $296,053
 $3,561,931
Net income 
 
 
 123,128
 
 5,808
 128,936
Other comprehensive income
   (loss), net of income taxes
              
Pension and other post-
   retirement benefits
   liability
 
 
 
 
 206
 
 206
Foreign currency
   translation adjustments
 
 
 
 
 22,805
 
 22,805
Net unrealized holding
   gains on investments
 
 
 
 
 15,618
 
 15,618
Shares issued—stock-
   based compensation
 
 1,853
 (1,831) 
 
 
 22
Stock-based compensation,
   net of tax on stock options
   exercised
 
 
 2,569
 
 
 
 2,569
Dividends declared 
 
 
 (23,700) 
 
 (23,700)
Distributions to noncontrolling
   interests
 
 
 
 
 
 (3,985) (3,985)
Balances at March 31, 2016 $1,347
 $(256,459) $542,886
 $3,209,415
 $(90,663) $297,876
 $3,704,402

16


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

Other Post-retirement Benefits
Components of net periodic benefit cost for the Company's other post-retirement benefits are as follows:
  Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2016 2015 2016 2015
  U.S.
Plans
 Non-U.S.
Plans
 U.S.
Plans
 U.S.
Plans
 Non-U.S.
Plans
 U.S.
Plans
Service cost $72
 $1
 $6
 $81
 $1
 $17
Interest cost 250
 3
 149
 540
 3
 448
Amortization of net loss 31
 
 96
 94
 
 288
Net periodic benefit cost $353
 $4
 $251
 $715
 $4
 $753
12. Stockholders' Equity
Changes in stockholders' equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
  
Common
Stock
 
Common
Stock,
Held in
Treasury
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive 
Income (Loss)
 
Noncontrolling
Interests
 Total
Balances at December 31, 2015 $1,347
 $(258,312) $542,148
 $3,109,987
 $(129,292) $296,053
 $3,561,931
Net income 
 
 
 299,914
 
 14,656
 314,570
Other comprehensive income,
   net of income taxes:
              
Pension and other post-
   retirement benefits
   liability
 
 
 
 
 409
 
 409
Foreign currency
   translation adjustments
 
 
 
 
 15,758
 
 15,758
Net unrealized holding
   gains on investments
 
 
 
 
 4,999
 
 4,999
Common stock repurchased 
 (66,725) 
 
 
 
 (66,725)
Shares issued—stock-
   based compensation
 
 5,057
 (3,407) 
 
 
 1,650
Stock-based compensation,
   net of tax on stock options
   exercised
 
 
 7,778
 
 
 
 7,778
Dividends paid 
 
 
 (71,933) 
 
 (71,933)
Distributions to noncontrolling
   interests
 
 
 
 
 
 (12,300) (12,300)
Noncontrolling interest in
   acquired business
 
 
 
 
 
 68,000
 68,000
Balances at September 30, 2016 $1,347
 $(319,980) $546,519
 $3,337,968
 $(108,126) $366,409
 $3,824,137

17


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

  
Common
Stock
 
Common
Stock,
Held in
Treasury
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive 
Income (Loss)
 
Noncontrolling
Interests
 Total
Balances at December 31, 2014 $1,347
 $(96,372) $530,441
 $2,555,528
 $(79,433) $290,377
 $3,201,888
Net income 
 
 
 535,041
 
 13,847
 548,888
Other comprehensive income
   (loss), net of income taxes
              
Pension and other post-
   retirement benefits
   liability
 
 
 
 
 1,190
 
 1,190
Foreign currency
   translation adjustments
 
 
 
 
 (43,746) 
 (43,746)
Net unrealized holding
   gains on investments
 
 
 
 
 124
 
 124
Common stock repurchased 
 (122,249) 
 
 
 
 (122,249)
Shares issued—stock-
   based compensation
 
 1,079
 (95) 
 
 
 984
Stock-based compensation,
   net of tax on stock options
   exercised
 
 
 9,996
 
 
 
 9,996
Dividends paid 
 
 
 (67,852) 
 
 (67,852)
Distributions to noncontrolling
   interests
 
 
 
 
 
 (10,982) (10,982)
Noncontrolling interest in
   acquired business
 
 
 
 
 
 1,597
 1,597
Balances at September 30, 2015 $1,347
 $(217,542) $540,342
 $3,022,717
 $(121,865) $294,839
 $3,519,838
Accumulated Other Comprehensive LossIncome (Loss)
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
  
Benefits
Liability,
Net of Tax
 
Cumulative
Foreign
Currency
Exchange,
Net of Tax
 
Net Unrealized
Holding Gains
(Losses) on
Investments,
Net of Tax (1)
 Total
Balances at December 31, 2015 $(8,607) $(115,690) $(4,995) $(129,292)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before
   reclassifications
 (252) 15,758
 57,550
 73,056
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
   comprehensive loss (income)
 661
 
 (52,551) (51,890)
Net other comprehensive income for the period 409
 15,758
 4,999
 21,166
Balances at September 30, 2016 $(8,198) $(99,932) $4
 $(108,126)
_____________
(1)Includes other comprehensive income from equity method investment.


18


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

  
Benefits
Liability,
Net of Tax
 
Cumulative
Foreign
Currency
Exchange,
Net of Tax
 
Net Unrealized
Holding Gains
(Losses) on
Investments,
Net of Tax
 Total
Balances at December 31, 2016 $28,945
 $(150,202) $(49) $(121,306)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before
   reclassifications
 101
 17,344
 (75) 17,370
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
   comprehensive loss
 300
 
 
 300
Net other comprehensive income (loss) for the period 401
 17,344
 (75) 17,670
Balances at March 31, 2017 $29,346
 $(132,858) $(124) $(103,636)
  
Benefits
Liability,
Net of Tax
 
Cumulative
Foreign
Currency
Exchange,
Net of Tax
 
Net Unrealized
Holding Gains
on Investments,
Net of Tax
 Total
Balances at December 31, 2014 $(23,442) $(56,224) $233
 $(79,433)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before
   reclassifications
 (128) (43,746) 2,556
 (41,318)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
   comprehensive loss (income)
 1,318
 
 (2,432) (1,114)
Net other comprehensive income (loss) for the period 1,190
 (43,746) 124
 (42,432)
Balances at September 30, 2015 $(22,252) $(99,970) $357
 $(121,865)
  
Benefits
Liability,
Net of Tax
 
Cumulative
Foreign
Currency
Exchange,
Net of Tax
 
Net Unrealized
Holding Gains
(Losses) on
Investments,
Net of Tax
 Total
Balances at December 31, 2015 $(8,607) $(115,690) $(4,995) $(129,292)
Other comprehensive income before
   reclassifications
 
 22,805
 15,651
 38,456
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
   comprehensive loss (income)
 206
 
 (33) 173
Net other comprehensive income for the period 206
 22,805
 15,618
 38,629
Balances at March 31, 2016 $(8,401) $(92,885) $10,623
 $(90,663)
The following table provides the details of the amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net income in the consolidated statements of operations for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016 and 2015:
Details about Accumulated
   Other Comprehensive
   Income (Loss) Components
 
Location of Reclassification
(Income (Expense)) in
Consolidated Statements
of Operations
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2016 2015 2016 2015
Amortization of pension and
   other post-retirement items
          
Net loss (1) $(369) $(692) $(1,072) $(2,019)
  
Provision for
   income taxes
 141
 241
 411
 701
    (228) (451) (661) (1,318)
Net unrealized gains on
   available-for-sale
   investments
          
Realized gain on
   available-for-sale
   investments
 Other income, net 52,401
 
 53,720
 3,795
  
Provision for
   income taxes
 (696) 
 (1,169) (1,363)
    51,705
 
 52,551
 2,432
Total reclassifications for
   the period
   $51,477
 $(451) $51,890
 $1,114
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
   Components
 
Location of Reclassification
(Income (Expense)) in
Consolidated Statements
of Operations
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2017 2016
Amortization of pension and other post-retirement items      
Net loss (1) $(463) $(334)
  
Benefit from
   income taxes
 163
 128
    (300) (206)
Net unrealized gains on available-for-sale investments      
Realized gain on available-for-sale investments Other income, net 
 52
  
Provision for
   income taxes
 
 (19)
    
 33
Total reclassifications for the period   $(300) $(173)
_____________
(1)
These accumulated other comprehensive loss components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost. For additional information, please read Note 1113 (Employee Benefits) to the financial statements included in the 20152016 Form 10-K.

17


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

13. Stock-Based Compensation
Under the Westlake Chemical Corporation 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (as amended and restated, the "2013 Plan"), all employees and non-employee directors of the Company, as well as certain individuals who have agreed to become the Company's employees, are eligible for awards. Shares of common stock may be issued as authorized in the 2013 Plan. At the discretion of the administrator of the 2013 Plan, employees and non-employee directors may be granted awards in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, restricted stock units or cash awards (any of which may be a performance award). Total stock-based compensation expense related to the 2013 Plan was $1,502$6,303 and $2,639$2,303 for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016, and 2015,respectively, and $6,588 and $7,544 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Under the Merger Agreement, all outstanding Axiall restricted stock units were assumed by the Company and converted into restricted stock units in respect of the Company's common stock, with the same terms and conditions except that upon

19


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

settlement the award holders will receive the greater of (1) the value of $33.00 per Axiall restricted stock unit that was converted into a restricted stock unit in respect of the Company's common stock and (2) the value of the Company's common stock. The awards are classified as liability awards for financial accounting purposes and are re-measured at each reporting date until they vest. The portion of the replacement award that is attributable to pre-combination service by the employee is included in the measure of consideration transferred to acquire Axiall. The remaining fair value of the replacement awards will be recognized as stock-based compensation expense over the remainder of the vesting period. Total stock-based compensation expense recognized related to the Merger Agreement for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 was $34,915, of which $32,644 is included in transaction and integration-related costs in the consolidated statements of operations.
14. Derivative Instruments
Commodity Risk Management
The Company uses derivative instruments to reduce price volatility risk on raw materialscommodities, primarily ethane and products as a substantial portion of its raw materials and products are commodities whose prices fluctuate as market supply and demand fundamentals change. Business strategies to protect against such instability include ethylene product feedstock flexibility and moving downstream into the olefins and vinyls products where pricing is more stable.natural gas. The Company does not use derivative instruments to engage in speculative activities.
The Company had no derivative instruments that were designated as fair value hedges during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. Gains and losses from changes in the fair value of derivative instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments wereare included in gross profitcost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 and 2015.2016.
The exposure on commodity derivatives used for price risk management includes the risk that the counterparty will not pay if the market declines below the established fixed price. In such case, the Company would lose the benefit of the derivative differential on the volume of the commodities covered. In any event, the Company would continue to receive the market price on the actual volume hedged. The Company also bears the risk that it could lose the benefit of market improvements over the fixed derivative price for the term and volume of the derivative instruments (as such improvements would accrue to the benefit of the counterparty). The Company had non-hedge designated feedstock forward contracts for approximately 221,800,000 gallons and 8,800,000 MMBtu as of March 31, 2017 and for approximately 257,000,000 gallons and 8,500,000 MMBtu as of December 31, 2016.
The fair values of derivative instruments reflected in the Company's consolidated balance sheets were as follows:
 Derivative Assets Asset Derivatives
 Balance Sheet Location Fair Value as of Balance Sheet Location Fair Value as of
 September 30,
2016
 December 31,
2015
 March 31,
2017
 December 31,
2016
Not designated as hedging instruments        
Commodity forward contracts Accounts receivable, net $2,221
 $3,465
 Accounts receivable, net $3,124
 $7,589
Commodity forward contracts Other assets, net 3,674
 2,088
 
Deferred charges and other
   assets, net
 2,246
 5,249
Total derivative assets $5,895
 $5,553
Total asset derivatives $5,370
 $12,838

18


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

 Derivative Liabilities Liability Derivatives
 Balance Sheet Location Fair Value as of Balance Sheet Location Fair Value as of
 September 30,
2016
 December 31,
2015
 March 31,
2017
 December 31,
2016
Not designated as hedging instruments        
Commodity forward contracts Accrued liabilities $3,196
 $9,325
 Accrued liabilities $1,048
 $1,349
Commodity forward contracts Other liabilities 6,811
 12,437
 Other liabilities 5,115
 3,724
Total derivative liabilities $10,007
 $21,762
Total liability derivatives $6,163
 $5,073
           

20


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

The impact of derivative instruments that have not been designated as hedges on the Company's consolidated statements of operations were as follows:
Derivatives Not Designated as
Hedging Instruments
 
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized
 in Income on Derivative
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized
 in Income on Derivative
 Three Months Ended March 31,
2016 2015 2016 20152017 2016
Commodity forward contracts Gross profit $(7,840) $(9,314) $7,784
 $(4,478) Cost of sales $(9,167) $4,057
See Note 15 for the fair value of the Company's derivative instruments.
Disclosure about Offsetting Asset and Liability Derivatives
Certain of the Company's derivative instruments are executed under an International Swaps and Derivatives Association ("ISDA") Master Agreement, which permits the Company and a counterparty to aggregate the amounts owed by each party under multiple transactions and replace them with a single net amount payable by one party to the other. The following tables present the Company's derivative assets and derivative liabilities reported onin the consolidated balance sheets and derivative assets and derivative liabilities subject to enforceable master netting arrangements.
  Derivative Assets as of
  September 30,
2016
 December 31,
2015
Derivative assets subject to enforceable master netting arrangements $
 $
Derivative assets not subject to enforceable master netting arrangements 3,560
 462
Total derivative assets $3,560
 $462
  September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015
Offsetting of Derivative Assets 
Gross Amounts of
Recognized Assets
 
Gross Amounts Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Net Amounts of Assets Presented
in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Gross Amounts of
Recognized Assets
 
Gross Amounts Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Net Amounts of Assets Presented
in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Commodity forward contracts $2,335
 $(2,335) $
 $5,091
 $(5,091) $
  Derivative Liabilities as of
  September 30,
2016
 December 31,
2015
Derivative liabilities subject to enforceable master netting arrangements $1,889
 $5,803
Derivative liabilities not subject to enforceable master netting arrangements 5,782
 10,868
Total derivative liabilities $7,671
 $16,671
  September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities 
Gross Amounts of
Recognized Liabilities
 
Gross Amounts Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented
in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Gross Amounts of
Recognized Liabilities
 
Gross Amounts Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented
in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Commodity forward contracts $4,224
 $(2,335) $1,889
 $10,894
 $(5,091) $5,803

2119


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

  September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015
Derivative Liabilities by Counterparty 
Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented
in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Net
Amount
 
Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented
in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Net
Amount
Counterparty A $1,889
 $
 $1,889
 $5,564
 $
 $5,564
Counterparty B 
 
 
 239
 
 239
Total $1,889
 $
 $1,889
 $5,803
 $
 $5,803
  March 31, 2017
  Net Presentation Gross Presentation
  Net Assets (Liabilities) Presented in the Consolidated Balance SheetsRisk management assets—Commodity forward contracts Risk management liabilities—Commodity forward contracts
Accounts receivable, net      
Derivative positions subject to enforceable master netting
   arrangements
 $520
 $1,049
 $(529)
Derivative positions not subject to enforceable master netting
   arrangements
 2,604
 2,604
 
  3,124
 3,653
 (529)
Deferred charges and other assets, net      
Derivative positions subject to enforceable master netting
arrangements
 
 
 
Derivative positions not subject to enforceable master netting
arrangements
 2,246
 2,246
 
  2,246
 2,246
 
Accrued liabilities      
Derivative positions subject to enforceable master netting
arrangements
 
 
 
Derivative positions not subject to enforceable master netting
arrangements
 (1,048) 
 (1,048)
  (1,048) 
 (1,048)
Other liabilities      
Derivative positions subject to enforceable master netting
arrangements
 (1,629) 978
 (2,607)
Derivative positions not subject to enforceable master netting
arrangements
 (3,486) 
 (3,486)
  (5,115) 978
 (6,093)
Risk management assets (liabilities)—Commodity forward
   contracts
   $6,877
 $(7,670)

20


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

  December 31, 2016
  Net Presentation Gross Presentation
  Net Assets (Liabilities) Presented in the Consolidated Balance SheetsRisk management assets—Commodity forward contracts Risk management liabilities—Commodity forward contracts
Accounts receivable, net      
Derivative positions subject to enforceable master netting
arrangements
 $1,498
 $1,636
 $(138)
Derivative positions not subject to enforceable master netting
arrangements
 6,091
 6,091
 
  7,589
 7,727
 (138)
Deferred charges and other assets, net      
Derivative positions subject to enforceable master netting
arrangements
 
 
 
Derivative positions not subject to enforceable master netting
arrangements
 5,249
 5,249
 
  5,249
 5,249
 
Accrued liabilities      
Derivative positions subject to enforceable master netting
arrangements
 
 
 
Derivative positions not subject to enforceable master netting
arrangements
 (1,349) 
 (1,349)
  (1,349) 
 (1,349)
Other liabilities      
Derivative positions subject to enforceable master netting
arrangements
 (436) 2,010
 (2,446)
Derivative positions not subject to enforceable master netting
arrangements
 (3,288) 
 (3,288)
  (3,724) 2,010
 (5,734)
Risk management assets (liabilities)—Commodity forward
   contracts
   $14,986
 $(7,221)
15. Fair Value Measurements
The Company reports certain assets and liabilities at fair value, which is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). Under the accounting guidance for fair value measurements, inputs used to measure fair value are classified in one of three levels:
Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

21


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

The following tables summarize, by level within the fair value hierarchy, the Company's assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis:
 September 30, 2016 March 31, 2017
 Level 1 Level 2 Total Level 1 Level 2 Total
Derivative instruments            
Risk management assets—Commodity forward contracts $1,551
 $4,344
 $5,895
 $406
 $6,471
 $6,877
Risk management liabilities—Commodity forward contracts (8,091) (1,916) (10,007) (6,710) (960) (7,670)
            
 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2016
 Level 1 Level 2 Total Level 1 Level 2 Total
Derivative instruments            
Risk management assets—Commodity forward contracts $5,553
 $
 $5,553
 $878
 $14,108
 $14,986
Risk management liabilities—Commodity forward contracts (11,648) (10,114) (21,762) (6,854) (367) (7,221)
Marketable securities      
Available-for-sale securities 48,081
 520,144
 568,225
The Level 2 measurements for the Company's commodity contracts are derived using forward curves supplied by industry-recognized and unrelated third-party services. The Level 2 measurements for the Company's available-for-sale securities are derived using market-based pricing provided by unrelated third-party services.
There were no transfers in or out of Levels 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016 and 2015.

22


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

In addition to the financial assets and liabilities above, the Company has other financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measures. These financial assets and liabilities include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net, accounts and notes payable and current and long-term debt, all of which are recorded at carrying value. The amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net, accounts and notes payable and current term loan approximate their fair valuevalues due to the short maturities of these instruments. The carrying and fair values of the Company's long-term debt are summarized in the table below. The fair value of the Company's long-term debt instruments is determined using a market approach, based upon quotes from financial reporting services. Because the Company's long-term debt instruments may not be actively traded, the inputs used to measure the fair value of the Company's long-term debt are classified as Level 2 inputs within the fair value hierarchy.
 September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
Revolving credit facility $325,000
 $325,000
 $
 $
 $250,000
 $250,000
 $325,000
 $325,000
4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes 653,256
 653,715
 
 
 624,793
 649,354
 651,630
 650,847
4.625% Subsidiary 2021 Senior Notes 66,243
 66,058
 
 
 63,207
 65,639
 66,069
 65,775
3.60% senior notes due 2022 248,024
 251,480
 247,768
 244,828
 250,000
 254,443
 248,109
 251,725
4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes 447,751
 454,151
 
 
 433,793
 451,761
 447,224
 451,301
4.875% Subsidiary 2023 Senior Notes 16,769
 16,954
 
 
 16,207
 16,873
 16,747
 16,501
3.60% 2026 Senior Notes 739,082
 752,055
 
 
 750,000
 735,870
 739,243
 722,055
Loan related to tax-exempt waste
disposal revenue bonds due 2027
 10,889
 10,889
 10,889
 10,889
 10,889
 10,889
 10,889
 10,889
6 ½% senior notes due 2029 99,066
 117,726
 99,011
 117,153
 100,000
 110,000
 99,084
 112,433
6 ¾% senior notes due 2032 248,087
 265,383
 247,998
 268,490
 250,000
 258,760
 248,117
 258,818
6 ½% 2035 GO Zone Senior Notes 88,149
 105,298
 88,116
 106,491
 89,000
 101,760
 88,161
 100,323
6 ½% 2035 IKE Zone Senior Notes 64,390
 76,837
 64,366
 76,741
 65,000
 74,298
 64,398
 73,270
5.0% 2046 Senior Notes 673,879
 705,985
 
 
 700,000
 717,864
 673,983
 691,712
The carrying values of the Company's long-term debt as of December 31, 2015 have been adjusted to reflect the retrospective application of the accounting standards update on simplifying the presentation of debt issuance costs discussed in Note 10.
16. Income Taxes
The Company elected to early adopt an accounting standards update requiring the noncurrent classification of all deferred tax assets and liabilities, along with any related valuation allowance, effective January 1, 2016. As a result, the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities have been classified, by jurisdiction, as a net noncurrent deferred tax asset or liability on the consolidated balance sheet. Consistent with the prospective application of this accounting standard, prior period comparative information was not adjusted.
The effective income tax rate was (10.3)% for the three months ended September 30, 2016. The effective tax rate for the 2016 period was below the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35.0% primarily due to the benefit of state tax credits, the domestic manufacturing deduction, depletion deductions, income attributable to noncontrolling interests, the non-recognition of tax related to the gain recognized on previously held outstanding shares of common stock of Axiall, the benefit in prior years' and current-year tax credits for increased research and development expenditures and adjustments related to prior years' tax returns as filed and the foreign earnings rate differential, partially offset by state income taxes and nondeductible transaction costs related to the Merger. The effective income tax rate was 24.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2015. The effective income tax rate for the 2015 period was below the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35.0% primarily due to the benefit of state tax credits, the domestic manufacturing deduction, income attributable to noncontrolling interests, the foreign earnings rate differential, the increased benefit in certain prior years' deductions due to a change in the calculation methodology of the domestic manufacturing deduction and adjustments related to prior years' tax returns as filed, partially offset by state income taxes.

23


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

The effective income tax rate was 29.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The effective tax rate for the 2016 period was below the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35.0% primarily due to the benefit of state tax credits, the domestic manufacturing deduction, depletion deductions, income attributable to noncontrolling interests, the non-recognition of tax related to the gain recognized on previously held outstanding shares of common stock of Axiall, the benefit in prior years' and current-year tax credits for increased research and development expenditures and adjustments related to prior years' tax returns as filed and the foreign earnings rate differential, partially offset by state income taxes and nondeductible transaction costs related to the Merger. The effective income tax rate was 30.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The effective income tax rate for the 2015 period was below the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35.0% primarily due to the benefit of state tax credits, the domestic manufacturing deduction, income attributable to noncontrolling interests, the non-recognition of tax related to the bargain purchase of a controlling interest in Suzhou Huasu Plastics Co., Ltd., the increased benefit in certain prior years' deductions due to a change in the calculation methodology of the domestic manufacturing deduction and adjustments related to prior years' tax returns as filed and the foreign earnings rate differential, partially offset by state income taxes.
There are total gross unrecognized tax benefits of $8,818 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The Company recognizes penalties and interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The majority of the total unrecognized tax benefits relate to historical balances reported by Axiall prior to the Merger. For the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company accrued interest and penalties in the amount of $206 related to uncertain tax positions.
Reconciliations of the unrecognized tax benefits for the three months ended September 30, 2016 are set forth in the table below:
Balance as of June 30, 2016 $
Amounts attributable to Axiall pre-acquistion 5,471
Additions during the three months ended September 30, 2016 3,444
Reduction during the three months ended September 30, 2016 due to expiration of statute of limitations (92)
Foreign currency translation (5)
Balance as of September 30, 2016 $8,818
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various states and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to examinations by tax authorities before the year 2010.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company is not permanently reinvested with respect to the outside basis difference for all of its foreign subsidiaries. The Company is asserting under ASC 740-30 that the unremitted earnings of some of its foreign subsidiaries are permanently reinvested outside the U.S. For these foreign subsidiaries, the earnings and profits (E&P) is estimated to be $204,154 at December 31, 2016. If no assertion were made to permanently reinvest any of these unremitted foreign earnings, U.S. income tax expense of approximately $32,272 relating to U.S. tax would be recorded. Such expense takes into account utilization of foreign tax credits. The Company is not asserting under ASC 740-30 for certain other foreign subsidiaries. As such, the Company recorded a deferred tax liability (and related tax expense) of $1,837. Of this amount, $1,169 has been recorded to recognize the foreign taxes that would result if earnings in lower-tier foreign subsidiaries would be distributed up the foreign ownership chain to a subsidiary where an assertion is made. In addition, $668 has been recorded to recognize the U.S. tax impact of the unremitted foreign earnings of the Company's Taiwanese subsidiary based on four months of activity from acquisition date to the year ended December 31, 2016. The Taiwanese subsidiary is expected to make annual distributions to the Company.

2422


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

16. Income Taxes
The effective income tax rate was 27.9% for the first quarter of 2017. The effective income tax rate for the first quarter of 2017 was below the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35.0% primarily due to certain discrete adjustments, a higher domestic manufacturing deduction, depletion deductions, income attributable to noncontrolling interests, research and development credits and the foreign earnings rate differential, partially offset by state income taxes. The effective income tax rate for the first quarter of 2016 was at the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35.0% primarily due to the benefit of state tax credits, the domestic manufacturing deduction, income attributable to noncontrolling interests and the foreign earnings rate differential, offset by state income taxes.
17. Earnings per Share
The Company has unvested shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units outstanding that are considered participating securities and, therefore, computes basic and diluted earnings per share under the two-class method. Basic earnings per share for the periods are based upon the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the periods. Diluted earnings per share include the effect of certain stock options.
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
 2016 2015 2016 2015 2017 2016
Net income attributable to
Westlake Chemical Corporation
 $65,662
 $183,604
 $299,914
 $535,041
 $138,190
 $123,128
Less:            
Net income attributable to participating securities (294) (195) (1,347) (653) (694) (549)
Net income attributable to common shareholders $65,368
 $183,409
 $298,567
 $534,388
 $137,496
 $122,579
The following table reconciles the denominator for the basic and diluted earnings per share computations shown in the consolidated statements of operations:
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
 2016 2015 2016 2015 2017 2016
Weighted average common shares—basic 128,793,661
 131,664,296
 129,519,577
 132,301,814
 128,979,357
 130,189,964
Plus incremental shares from:            
Assumed exercise of options 586,295
 456,939
 584,320
 484,720
 712,658
 410,550
Weighted average common shares—diluted 129,379,956
 132,121,235
 130,103,897
 132,786,534
 129,692,015
 130,600,514
            
Earnings per common share attributable to
Westlake Chemical Corporation:
            
Basic $0.51
 $1.39
 $2.31
 $4.04
 $1.07
 $0.94
Diluted $0.51
 $1.39
 $2.29
 $4.02
 $1.06
 $0.94
Excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share are options to purchase 620,010437,787 and 315,285555,948 shares of common stock for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016, and 2015, respectively, and 577,254 and 295,825 shares of common stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. These options were outstanding during the periods reported but were excluded because the effect of including them would have been antidilutive.
18. Supplemental Information
Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities were $552,581$400,310 and $287,313$537,483 at September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively. Accrued rebates, which isare a component of accrued liabilities, was $73,798were $47,933 and $46,460$77,985 at September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively. No other component of accrued liabilities was more than five percent of total current liabilities.

2523


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

Other Income, NetNon-cash Investing Activity
  Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2016 2015 2016 2015
Interest income $537
 $1,631
 $6,899
 $3,383
Dividend income 868
 
 5,142
 3,328
Acquisition-related financing costs (11,420) 
 (12,220) 
Foreign exchange currency (losses) gains, net (1,281) (731) (2,435) 1,140
Impairment of equity method investment 
 
 
 (4,925)
Gain realized on previously held shares of Axiall
   common stock
 49,080
 
 49,080
 
Gain on acquisition and related expenses, net 
 
 
 20,430
Gains from sales of securities, net 3,321
 
 4,640
 3,795
Other 160
 1,736
 985
 6,639
Other income, net $41,265
 $2,636
 $52,091
 $33,790
The change in capital expenditure accrual increasing additions to property, plant and equipment was $8,241 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The change in capital expenditure accrual reducing additions to property, plant and equipment was $14,690 for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
19. Insurance Recovery
During the second and third quarters of 2015, the Company's production rates and operating costs at its Knapsack, Germany and Cologne, Germany facilities were negatively impacted due to an interruption of feedstock supply as a result of a fire at a third-party supplier's ethylene production facility. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company received a final insurance recovery of approximately $2,670 related to business interruption costs. The insurance recovery is included in cost of sales in the consolidated statement of operations. The Company had received and recognized approximately $7,809 as a partial insurance recovery during the year ended December 31, 2015.
20. Commitments and Contingencies
The Company is involved in a number of legal and regulatory matters, principally environmental in nature, that are incidental to the normal conduct of its business, including lawsuits, investigations and claims. The outcome of these matters are inherently unpredictable. The Company believes that, in the aggregate, the outcome of all known legal and regulatory matters will not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial statements; however, specific outcomes with respect to such matters may be material to the Company's consolidated statements of operations in any particular period in which costs, if any, are recognized. The Company's assessment of the potential impact of environmental matters, in particular, is subject to uncertainty due to the complex, ongoing and evolving process of investigation and remediation of such environmental matters, and the potential for technological and regulatory developments. In addition, the impact of evolving claims and programs, such as natural resource damage claims, industrial site reuse initiatives and state remediation programs creates further uncertainty of the ultimate resolution of these matters. The Company anticipates that the resolution of many legal and regulatory matters, and in particular environmental matters, will occur over an extended period of time.
Environmental. As of September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2015,2016, the Company had reserves for environmental contingencies totaling approximately $60,693 (primarily as a result of the Axiall acquisition)$48,217 and $1,095,$48,817, respectively, most of which was classified as noncurrent liabilities. The Company's assessment of the potential impact of these environmental contingencies is subject to considerable uncertainty due to the complex, ongoing and evolving process of investigation and remediation, if necessary, of such environmental contingencies, and the potential for technological and regulatory developments.
From time to time the Company receives notices or inquiries from government entities regarding alleged violations of environmental laws and regulations pertaining to, among other things, the disposal, emission and storage of chemical substances, including hazardous wastes. Item 103 of the SEC's Regulation S-K requires disclosure of certain environmental matters when a governmental authority is a party to the proceedings and the proceedings involve potential monetary sanctions, unless the Company reasonably believes such sanctions would not exceed $100.
In May 2013, an amendment to an existing consent order agreed to by the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection and a predecessor of Axiall required that it, among other things, pay a penalty in the amount of $449 and continue certain corrective action associated with discharges of hexachlorocyclohexane

26


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

(commonly (commonly referred to as BHC) from the Natrium, West Virginia facility's effluent discharge outfalls. The penalty was paid and corrective actions required are on-going per a December 2016 agreement to extend the compliance date under the amendment to theamended consent order are on-going.order.
In May 2013 and September 2013, the Environmental Protection Agency (the "EPA") conducted inspections at the Company's Plaquemine, Louisiana facility pursuant to requirements of the federal Clean Air Act Section 112(r) Risk Management Program and Title V. As a result of the inspections, the EPA identified areas of concern and the Company has subsequently engaged in negotiations to resolve alleged violations. A Consent Agreement and Final Order (“CAFO”) was filed in October 2016, pursuant to which are anticipated to resultthe Company paid civil penalties in sanctionsthe amount of $167.
The LDEQ has issued notices of violations ("NOVs") regarding the Company's olefins facilities in Lake Charles, Louisiana for various air and water compliance issues. The Company is working with the LDEQ to settle these claims, and a global settlement of all claims is being discussed. The Company has reached a verbalan agreement with the LDEQ to settle certain of the NOVs along with other alleged violations not made the subject of any specific NOV in two separate settlementssettlement agreements for a combined $192 in civil penalties.
During September 2010, the Company's vinyls facilities in north Lake Charles and Plaquemine each received a Consolidated Compliance Order and Notice of Potential Penalty, alleging violations of various requirements of those facilities' air permits, based largely on self-reported permit deviations related to record-keeping violations. The Company has been negotiating a possible global settlement of these and several other matters with the LDEQ. The Company believes the resolution of these matters may require the payment of a monetary sanction in excess of $100.

24


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

In April 2015, Axiall received a communication from the EPA related to, among other things, the EPA's investigation of the 2012 and 2013 fires that occurred at its VCM plant in Lake Charles. In late 2015, Axiall settled this matter with the EPA, with such settlement including on-going supplemental environmental projects and a penalty payment of $900.$878.
For several years, the EPA has been conducting an enforcement initiative against petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants with respect to emissions from flares. On April 21, 2014, the Company received a Clean Air Act Section 114 Information Request from the EPA which sought information regarding flares at the Calvert City, Kentucky and certain Lake Charles facilities. The EPA has informed the Company that the information provided leads the EPA to believe that some of the flares are out of compliance with applicable standards. The EPA has indicated that it is seeking a consent decree that would obligate the Company to take corrective actions relating to the alleged noncompliance. The Company believes the resolution of these matters may require the payment of a monetary sanction in excess of $100.
The Company does not believe that resolutions of any or all of these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Environmental Remediation: Reasonably Possible Matters. The Company's assessment of the potential impact of environmental contingencies is subject to considerable uncertainty due to the complex, ongoing and evolving process of investigation and remediation, if necessary, of such environmental contingencies, and the potential for technological and regulatory developments. As such, in addition to the amounts currently reserved, the Company may be subject to reasonably possible loss contingencies related to environmental matters in the range of $40,000 to $80,000.
21.20. Segment Information
The Company operates in two principal operating segments: Olefins and Vinyls. These segments are strategic business units that offer a variety of different products. The Company manages each segment separately as each business requires different technology and marketing strategies.
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
 2016 2015 2016 2015 2017 2016
Net external sales            
Olefins            
Polyethylene $380,810
 $423,631
 $1,098,500
 $1,283,545
 $385,942
 $346,032
Styrene, feedstock and other 116,555
 164,466
 324,369
 508,507
 157,053
 84,988
Total Olefins 497,365
 588,097
 1,422,869
 1,792,052
 542,995
 431,020
Vinyls            
PVC, caustic soda and other 599,276
 468,235
 1,492,650
 1,315,101
 1,131,129
 430,902
Building products 182,387
 131,705
 424,757
 369,417
 268,492
 113,265
Total Vinyls 781,663
 599,940
 1,917,407
 1,684,518
 1,399,621
 544,167
 $1,279,028
 $1,188,037
 $3,340,276
 $3,476,570
 $1,942,616
 $975,187
            
Intersegment sales    
Olefins $85,944
 $27,949
Vinyls 292
 364
 $86,236
 $28,313
    

2725


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2016 2015 2016 2015
Intersegment sales        
Olefins $30,614
 $28,551
 $85,856
 $78,654
Vinyls 2,130
 341
 2,719
 1,098
 $32,744
 $28,892
 $88,575
 $79,752
 Three Months Ended March 31,
         2017 2016
Income (loss) from operations            
Olefins $118,475
 $196,703
 $408,274
 $608,744
 $179,817
 $149,235
Vinyls 22,235
 67,779
 136,559
 202,831
 71,441
 62,116
Corporate and other (94,147) (10,454) (116,056) (32,893) (15,960) (9,075)
 $46,563
 $254,028
 $428,777
 $778,682
 $235,298
 $202,276
            
Depreciation and amortization            
Olefins $36,649
 $27,678
 $95,582
 $82,240
 $41,040
 $28,697
Vinyls 56,136
 33,432
 128,691
 97,615
 107,273
 36,287
Corporate and other 1,444
 138
 2,920
 374
 1,956
 730
 $94,229
 $61,248
 $227,193
 $180,229
 $150,269
 $65,714
            
Other income (expense), net            
Olefins $1,101
 $1,323
 $3,706
 $3,770
 $1,370
 $1,513
Vinyls (1,226) 10
 1,722
 6,927
 3,878
 (1,519)
Corporate and other 41,390
 1,303
 46,663
 23,093
 (177) 2,651
 $41,265
 $2,636
 $52,091
 $33,790
 $5,071
 $2,645
            
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes            
Olefins $31,956
 $45,865
 $136,429
 $186,534
 $57,811
 $52,533
Vinyls (3,912) 15,812
 29,655
 55,270
 14,958
 17,270
Corporate and other (34,596) (1,644) (36,752) (4,980) (16,886) (503)
 $(6,552) $60,033
 $129,332
 $236,824
 $55,883
 $69,300
            
Capital expenditures            
Olefins $96,469
 $69,885
 $285,359
 $206,719
 $25,350
 $95,152
Vinyls 83,523
 53,510
 180,392
 114,935
 108,081
 40,256
Corporate and other 178
 1,909
 1,579
 7,582
 854
 920
 $180,170
 $125,304
 $467,330
 $329,236
 $134,285
 $136,328
A reconciliation of total segment income from operations to consolidated income before income taxes is as follows:
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
 2016 2015 2016 2015 2017 2016
Income from operations $46,563
 $254,028
 $428,777
 $778,682
 $235,298
 $202,276
Interest expense (24,366) (8,211) (36,966) (26,760) (39,776) (6,685)
Other income, net 41,265
 2,636
 52,091
 33,790
 5,071
 2,645
Income before income taxes $63,462
 $248,453
 $443,902
 $785,712
 $200,593
 $198,236


2826


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

 September 30,
2016
 December 31,
2015
 March 31,
2017
 December 31,
2016
Total assets        
Olefins $2,094,163
 $1,869,888
 $2,120,429
 $2,092,617
Vinyls 8,262,971
 2,638,833
 8,214,203
 8,287,204
Corporate and other 539,915
 1,060,564
 390,198
 510,432
 $10,897,049
 $5,569,285
 $10,724,830
 $10,890,253
22.21. Subsequent Events
Subsequent events were evaluated through the date on which the financial statements were issued.
23.22. Guarantor Disclosures
The Company's payment obligations under the 3.60% senior notes due 2022, the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes, the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes, 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% Westlake2023 Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by each of its current and future domestic subsidiaries that guarantee other debt of the Company or of another guarantor of the 3.60% seniorthose notes due 2022 in excess of $5,000 (the "Guarantor Subsidiaries"). Each Guarantor Subsidiary is 100% owned by Westlake Chemical Corporation (the "100% Owned Guarantor Subsidiaries"). In October 2016, the Company executed a Joinder Agreement with the Administrative Agent of the Credit Agreement, whereby certain subsidiaries of the Company were added as Guarantor Subsidiaries. These guarantees are the joint and several obligations of the Guarantor Subsidiaries. The following unaudited condensed consolidating financial information presents the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of Westlake Chemical Corporation, the 100% owned Guarantor Subsidiaries, and the remaining subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 3.60% senior notes due 2022 , the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes, the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes, 4.625% Westlake2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes (the "Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries"), together with consolidating eliminations necessary to present the Company's results on a consolidated basis.
In August 2016, certain of the Company's subsidiary guarantors were released from their guarantees of the Company's 3.60% senior notes due 2022 in connection with the replacement of the Company's revolving credit facility. Westlake Chemical OpCo LP, which was previously separately presented as a less than 100% owned guarantor, and certain of the Company's other 100% owned subsidiaries that were previously presented as guarantors, are now reflected as Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries in the condensed consolidating guarantor financial information. Prior periods were retrospectively adjusted to conform to the current presentation of Guarantor Subsidiaries and Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries.

2927


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

Condensed Consolidating Financial Information as of September 30, 2016March 31, 2017
 
Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
 
100% Owned
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated 
Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
 
100% Owned
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Balance Sheet                    
Current assets                    
Cash and cash equivalents $144,899
 $1,884
 $233,736
 $
 $380,519
 $54,966
 $5,647
 $311,978
 $
 $372,591
Accounts receivable, net 1,457
 2,838,917
 765,949
 (2,535,822) 1,070,501
 2,446,732
 3,521,181
 330,311
 (5,294,258) 1,003,966
Inventories 
 329,233
 415,303
 
 744,536
 
 605,775
 215,933
 
 821,708
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 8,257
 16,264
 43,741
 (13,394) 54,868
 53,239
 38,066
 11,463
 (59,073) 43,695
Restricted cash 
 
 169,320
 
 169,320
 
 2,681
 6,647
 
 9,328
Total current assets 154,613
 3,186,298
 1,628,049
 (2,549,216) 2,419,744
 2,554,937
 4,173,350
 876,332
 (5,353,331) 2,251,288
Property, plant and equipment, net 
 1,538,148
 4,912,799
 
 6,450,947
 
 4,438,292
 1,954,453
 
 6,392,745
Other assets, net 9,074,810
 418,588
 1,695,970
 (9,163,010) 2,026,358
          
Goodwill 
 791,706
 158,975
 
 950,681
Customer relationships, net 
 453,985
 142,656
 
 596,641
Other intangible assets, net 
 102,339
 70,358
 
 172,697
Deferred charges and other assets, net 9,335,542
 846,041
 1,131,172
 (10,951,977) 360,778
Total other assets, net 9,335,542
 2,194,071
 1,503,161
 (10,951,977) 2,080,797
Total assets $9,229,423
 $5,143,034
 $8,236,818
 $(11,712,226) $10,897,049
 $11,890,479
 $10,805,713
 $4,333,946
 $(16,305,308) $10,724,830
Current liabilities                    
Accounts and notes payable $2,172,989
 $466,907
 $387,807
 $(2,524,315) $503,388
Accounts payable $4,705,704
 $761,986
 $273,714
 $(5,198,283) $543,121
Accrued liabilities 12,022
 162,645
 402,815
 (24,901) 552,581
 17,449
 357,968
 179,941
 (155,048) 400,310
Term loan 
 
 148,681
 
 148,681
Total current liabilities 2,185,011
 629,552
 939,303
 (2,549,216) 1,204,650
 4,723,153
 1,119,954
 453,655
 (5,353,331) 943,431
Long-term debt, net 3,586,684
 775,995
 2,199,812
 (2,881,906) 3,680,585
 3,508,130
 2,999,225
 
 (2,905,713) 3,601,642
Deferred income taxes 
 596,928
 1,022,226
 (12,070) 1,607,084
 
 1,581,202
 91,303
 (23,385) 1,649,120
Pension and other liabilities 
 48,837
 531,756
 
 580,593
 
 1,479,584
 133,658
 (1,115,437) 497,805
Total liabilities 5,771,695
 2,051,312
 4,693,097
 (5,443,192) 7,072,912
 8,231,283
 7,179,965
 678,616
 (9,397,866) 6,691,998
Total Westlake Chemical Corporation stockholders' equity 3,457,728
 3,091,722
 3,177,312
 (6,269,034) 3,457,728
 3,659,196
 3,625,748
 3,281,694
 (6,907,442) 3,659,196
Noncontrolling interests 
 
 366,409
 
 366,409
 
 
 373,636
 
 373,636
Total equity 3,457,728
 3,091,722
 3,543,721
 (6,269,034) 3,824,137
 3,659,196
 3,625,748
 3,655,330
 (6,907,442) 4,032,832
Total liabilities and equity $9,229,423
 $5,143,034
 $8,236,818
 $(11,712,226) $10,897,049
 $11,890,479
 $10,805,713
 $4,333,946
 $(16,305,308) $10,724,830

3028


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

Condensed Consolidating Financial Information as of December 31, 20152016
 
Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
 
100% Owned
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated 
Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
 
100% Owned
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Balance Sheet                    
Current assets                    
Cash and cash equivalents $303,131
 $6,818
 $352,576
 $
 $662,525
 $146,990
 $53,006
 $259,457
 $
 $459,453
Marketable securities 520,144
 
 
 
 520,144
Accounts receivable, net 10,943
 2,474,963
 190,384
 (2,167,758) 508,532
 2,117,540
 3,329,871
 323,931
 (4,832,599) 938,743
Inventories 
 287,114
 146,946
 
 434,060
 
 597,819
 203,281
 
 801,100
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 2,201
 10,186
 4,981
 (2,879) 14,489
 30,748
 41,755
 12,494
 (36,504) 48,493
Deferred income taxes 702
 28,325
 6,412
 
 35,439
Restricted cash 
 
 160,527
 
 160,527
Total current assets 837,121
 2,807,406
 701,299
 (2,170,637) 2,175,189
 2,295,278
 4,022,451
 959,690
 (4,869,103) 2,408,316
Property, plant and equipment, net 
 1,476,642
 1,527,425
 
 3,004,067
 
 4,475,943
 1,944,119
 
 6,420,062
Other assets, net 5,003,096
 914,823
 1,442,436
 (6,970,326) 390,029
          
Goodwill 
 791,706
 154,847
 
 946,553
Customer relationships, net 
 468,645
 142,970
 
 611,615
Other intangible assets, net 
 130,243
 71,177
 (25,581) 175,839
Deferred charges and other assets, net 9,170,042
 874,003
 1,115,877
 (10,832,054) 327,868
Total other assets, net 9,170,042
 2,264,597
 1,484,871
 (10,857,635) 2,061,875
Total assets $5,840,217
 $5,198,871
 $3,671,160
 $(9,140,963) $5,569,285
 $11,465,320
 $10,762,991
 $4,388,680
 $(15,726,738) $10,890,253
Current liabilities                    
Accounts payable $1,817,963
 $374,468
 $185,931
 $(2,143,033) $235,329
 $4,330,375
 $748,364
 $225,300
 $(4,807,780) $496,259
Accrued liabilities 9,117
 163,167
 142,633
 (27,604) 287,313
 26,367
 389,216
 183,223
 (61,323) 537,483
Term loan 
 
 149,341
 
 149,341
Total current liabilities 1,827,080
 537,635
 328,564
 (2,170,637) 522,642
 4,356,742
 1,137,580
 557,864
 (4,869,103) 1,183,083
Long-term debt, net 747,259
 744,405
 
 (733,516) 758,148
 3,584,949
 4,090,775
 
 (3,997,070) 3,678,654
Deferred income taxes 
 513,692
 68,478
 (6,567) 575,603
 
 1,581,260
 91,809
 (22,494) 1,650,575
Pension and other liabilities 
 49,202
 101,759
 
 150,961
 
 360,622
 125,274
 
 485,896
Total liabilities 2,574,339
 1,844,934
 498,801
 (2,910,720) 2,007,354
 7,941,691
 7,170,237
 774,947
 (8,888,667) 6,998,208
Total Westlake Chemical Corporation stockholders' equity 3,265,878
 3,353,937
 2,876,306
 (6,230,243) 3,265,878
 3,523,629
 3,592,754
 3,245,317
 (6,838,071) 3,523,629
Noncontrolling interests 
 
 296,053
 
 296,053
 
 
 368,416
 
 368,416
Total equity 3,265,878
 3,353,937
 3,172,359
 (6,230,243) 3,561,931
 3,523,629
 3,592,754
 3,613,733
 (6,838,071) 3,892,045
Total liabilities and equity $5,840,217
 $5,198,871
 $3,671,160
 $(9,140,963) $5,569,285
 $11,465,320
 $10,762,991
 $4,388,680
 $(15,726,738) $10,890,253

29


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

Condensed Consolidating Financial Information for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
  
Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
 
100% Owned
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Statement of Operations          
Net sales $
 $1,579,725
 $736,085
 $(373,194) $1,942,616
Cost of sales 
 1,359,275
 582,660
 (366,462) 1,575,473
Gross profit 
 220,450
 153,425
 (6,732) 367,143
Selling, general and administrative expenses 778
 92,260
 37,345
 (6,732) 123,651
Transaction and integration-related costs 
 8,132
 62
 
 8,194
Income (loss) from operations (778) 120,058
 116,018
 
 235,298
Other income (expense)          
Interest expense (38,185) (45,677) (806) 44,892
 (39,776)
Other income (expense), net 37,157
 (255) 13,061
 (44,892) 5,071
Income (loss) before income taxes (1,806) 74,126
 128,273
 
 200,593
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes (5,467) 53,372
 7,978
 
 55,883
Equity in net income of subsidiaries 134,529
 
 
 (134,529) 
Net income 138,190
 20,754
 120,295
 (134,529) 144,710
Net income attributable to noncontrolling
   interests
 
 
 6,520
 
 6,520
Net income attributable to Westlake Chemical
   Corporation
 $138,190
 $20,754
 $113,775
 $(134,529) $138,190
Comprehensive income attributable to
   Westlake Chemical Corporation
 $155,860
 $4,635
 $122,243
 $(126,878) $155,860


30


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

Condensed Consolidating Financial Information for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
  
Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
 
100% Owned
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Statement of Operations          
Net sales $
 $761,736
 $569,824
 $(356,373) $975,187
Cost of sales 
 642,730
 427,777
 (350,905) 719,602
Gross profit 
 119,006
 142,047
 (5,468) 255,585
Selling, general and administrative expenses 607
 36,996
 21,174
 (5,468) 53,309
Income (loss) from operations (607) 82,010
 120,873
 
 202,276
Other income (expense)          
Interest expense (10,411) (4,851) 
 8,577
 (6,685)
Other income (expense), net 1,815
 (825) 10,232
 (8,577) 2,645
Income (loss) before income taxes (9,203) 76,334
 131,105
 
 198,236
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes (3,219) 62,199
 10,320
 
 69,300
Equity in net income of subsidiaries 129,112
 
 
 (129,112) 
Net income 123,128
 14,135
 120,785
 (129,112) 128,936
Net income attributable to noncontrolling
   interests
 
 
 5,808
 
 5,808
Net income attributable to Westlake Chemical
   Corporation
 $123,128
 $14,135
 $114,977
 $(129,112) $123,128
Comprehensive income attributable to
   Westlake Chemical Corporation
 $161,757
 $14,341
 $149,462
 $(163,803) $161,757



31


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

Condensed Consolidating Financial Information for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017
  
Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
 
100% Owned
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Statement of Operations          
Net sales $
 $775,474
 $823,238
 $(319,684) $1,279,028
Cost of sales 
 677,085
 714,365
 (314,555) 1,076,895
Gross profit 
 98,389
 108,873
 (5,129) 202,133
Selling, general and administrative expenses 2,092
 31,180
 44,586
 (5,129) 72,729
Transaction and integration-related costs 
 35,379
 47,462
 
 82,841
(Loss) income from operations (2,092) 31,830
 16,825
 
 46,563
Interest expense (22,130) (10,247) (9,117) 17,128
 (24,366)
Other income (expense), net 35,405
 (8,622) 31,610
 (17,128) 41,265
Income before income taxes 11,183
 12,961
 39,318
 
 63,462
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes (2,088) 18,987
 (23,451) 
 (6,552)
Equity in net income of subsidiaries 52,391
 
 
 (52,391) 
Net income (loss) 65,662
 (6,026) 62,769
 (52,391) 70,014
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 
 
 4,352
 
 4,352
Net income (loss) attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation $65,662
 $(6,026) $58,417
 $(52,391) $65,662
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation $39,637
 $(5,923) $45,945
 $(40,022) $39,637

  
Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
 
100% Owned
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Statement of Cash Flows          
Cash flows from operating activities          
Net income $138,190
 $20,754
 $120,295
 $(134,529) $144,710
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net
   cash provided by (used for) operating
   activities
          
Depreciation and amortization 
 98,578
 51,691
 
 150,269
Deferred income taxes (585) (2,905) (2,783) 
 (6,273)
Net changes in working capital and other (213,242) (28,009) (24,590) 134,529
 (131,312)
Net cash provided by (used for)
   operating activities
 (75,637) 88,418
 144,613
 
 157,394
Cash flows from investing activities          
Additions to property, plant and equipment 
 (120,719) (13,566) 
 (134,285)
Additions to cost method investment 
 (15,000) 
 
 (15,000)
Proceeds from disposition of assets 
 66
 
 
 66
Proceeds from involuntary conversion of
   assets
 
 1,555
 
 
 1,555
Settlements of derivative instruments 
 (355) 
 
 (355)
Net cash used for investing activities 
 (134,453) (13,566) 
 (148,019)
Cash flows from financing activities          
Intercompany financing 78,234
 (95,698) 17,464
 
 
Debt issuance costs (319) 
 
 
 (319)
Dividends paid (24,656) 
 
 
 (24,656)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests 
 94,631
 (99,094) 
 (4,463)
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable 
 
 1,874
 
 1,874
Proceeds from drawdown of revolver 50,000
 
 
 
 50,000
Restricted cash associated with term loan 154,000
 
 
 
 154,000
Repayment of term loan (150,000) 
 
 
 (150,000)
Repayment of notes payable 
 (257) (2,212) 
 (2,469)
Repayment of revolver (125,000) 
 
 
 (125,000)
Other 1,354
 
 
 
 1,354
Net cash used for financing activities (16,387) (1,324) (81,968) 
 (99,679)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and
   cash equivalents
 
 
 3,442
 
 3,442
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash
   equivalents
 (92,024) (47,359) 52,521
 
 (86,862)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of
   period
 146,990
 53,006
 259,457
 
 459,453
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $54,966
 $5,647
 $311,978
 $
 $372,591

32


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

Condensed Consolidating Financial Information for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2015
  
Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
 
100% Owned
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Statement of Operations          
Net sales $
 $901,006
 $596,860
 $(309,829) $1,188,037
Cost of sales 
 712,681
 469,137
 (305,057) 876,761
Gross profit 
 188,325
 127,723
 (4,772) 311,276
Selling, general and administrative expenses 804
 37,156
 24,060
 (4,772) 57,248
(Loss) income from operations (804) 151,169
 103,663
 
 254,028
Interest expense (10,405) (5,711) 
 7,905
 (8,211)
Other income, net 1,239
 203
 9,099
 (7,905) 2,636
(Loss) income before income taxes (9,970) 145,661
 112,762
 
 248,453
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes (3,249) 53,131
 10,151
 
 60,033
Equity in net income of subsidiaries 190,325
 
 
 (190,325) 
Net income 183,604
 92,530
 102,611
 (190,325) 188,420
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 
 
 4,816
 
 4,816
Net income attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation $183,604
 $92,530
 $97,795
 $(190,325) $183,604
Comprehensive income attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation $181,663
 $92,781
 $96,062
 $(188,843) $181,663


33


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

Condensed Consolidating Financial Information for the Nine Months Ended September 30,March 31, 2016
  
Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
 
100% Owned
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Statement of Operations          
Net sales $
 $2,357,769
 $1,945,866
 $(963,359) $3,340,276
Cost of sales 
 2,018,282
 1,570,669
 (947,759) 2,641,192
Gross profit 
 339,487
 375,197
 (15,600) 699,084
Selling, general and administrative expenses 3,648
 104,488
 87,221
 (15,600) 179,757
Transaction and integration-related costs 
 43,088
 47,462
 
 90,550
(Loss) income from operations (3,648) 191,911
 240,514
 
 428,777
Interest expense (43,228) (19,051) (9,117) 34,430
 (36,966)
Other income (expense), net 40,807
 (12,057) 57,771
 (34,430) 52,091
(Loss) income before income taxes (6,069) 160,803
 289,168
 
 443,902
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes (8,268) 136,856
 744
 
 129,332
Equity in net income of subsidiaries 297,715
 
 
 (297,715) 
Net income 299,914
 23,947
 288,424
 (297,715) 314,570
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 
 
 14,656
 
 14,656
Net income attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation $299,914
 $23,947
 $273,768
 $(297,715) $299,914
Comprehensive income attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation $321,080
 $24,356
 $293,859
 $(318,215) $321,080

  
Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
 
100% Owned
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Statement of Cash Flows          
Cash flows from operating activities          
Net income $123,128
 $14,135
 $120,785
 $(129,112) $128,936
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net
   cash provided by operating activities
          
Depreciation and amortization 
 32,687
 33,027
 
 65,714
Deferred income taxes (2,724) 55,473
 5,888
 
 58,637
Net changes in working capital and other (120,345) (94,115) (39,004) 129,112
 (124,352)
Net cash provided by operating
   activities
 59
 8,180
 120,696
 
 128,935
Cash flows from investing activities          
Additions to property, plant and equipment 
 (50,568) (85,760) 
 (136,328)
Proceeds from disposition of assets 
 6
 98
 
 104
Proceeds from sales and maturities of
   securities
 26,859
 
 
 
 26,859
Purchase of securities (29,045) 
 (7,592) 
 (36,637)
Settlements of derivative instruments 
 (1,219) 
 
 (1,219)
Net cash used for investing activities (2,186) (51,781) (93,254) 
 (147,221)
Cash flows from financing activities          
Intercompany financing (13,763) (42,072) 55,835
 
 
Dividends paid (23,700) 
 
 
 (23,700)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests 
 79,999
 (83,984) 
 (3,985)
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable 
 
 2,050
 
 2,050
Repayment of notes payable 
 
 (7,095) 
 (7,095)
Repurchase of common stock for treasury (679) 
 
 
 (679)
Other 288
 
 
 
 288
Net cash provided by (used for)
   financing activities
 (37,854) 37,927
 (33,194) 
 (33,121)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and
   cash equivalents
 
 
 3,858
 
 3,858
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (39,981) (5,674) (1,894) 
 (47,549)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of
   period
 303,131
 6,828
 352,566
 
 662,525
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $263,150
 $1,154
 $350,672
 $
 $614,976

34


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

Condensed Consolidating Financial Information for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
  
Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
 
100% Owned
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Statement of Operations          
Net sales $
 $2,677,773
 $1,727,561
 $(928,764) $3,476,570
Cost of sales 
 2,078,730
 1,362,710
 (913,873) 2,527,567
Gross profit 
 599,043
 364,851
 (14,891) 949,003
Selling, general and administrative expenses 1,617
 115,400
 68,195
 (14,891) 170,321
(Loss) income from operations (1,617) 483,643
 296,656
 
 778,682
Interest expense (31,726) (18,353) 
 23,319
 (26,760)
Other income (expense), net 17,627
 (4,743) 44,225
 (23,319) 33,790
(Loss) income before income taxes (15,716) 460,547
 340,881
 
 785,712
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes (5,226) 222,743
 19,307
 
 236,824
Equity in net income of subsidiaries 545,531
 
 
 (545,531) 
Net income 535,041
 237,804
 321,574
 (545,531) 548,888
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 
 
 13,847
 
 13,847
Net income attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation $535,041
 $237,804
 $307,727
 $(545,531) $535,041
Comprehensive income attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation $492,609
 $238,433
 $264,542
 $(502,975) $492,609


35


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

Condensed Consolidating Financial Information for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
  
Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
 
100% Owned
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Statement of Cash Flows          
Cash flows from operating activities          
Net income $299,914
 $23,947
 $288,424
 $(297,715) $314,570
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used for)
   provided by operating activities
          
Depreciation and amortization 747
 98,658
 128,806
 
 228,211
Deferred income taxes (5,178) 111,795
 (707) 
 105,910
Net changes in working capital and other (314,423) 93,280
 (181,103) 297,715
 (104,531)
Net cash (used for) provided by operating activities (18,940) 327,680
 235,420
 
 544,160
Cash flows from investing activities          
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired 
 
 (2,437,829) 
 (2,437,829)
Additions to cost method investment 
 
 (4,000) 
 (4,000)
Additions to property, plant and equipment 
 (163,579) (303,751) 
 (467,330)
Proceeds from disposition of assets 
 48
 165
 
 213
Proceeds from sales and maturities of securities 658,338
 
 4,600
 
 662,938
Purchase of securities (138,422) 
 
 
 (138,422)
Settlements of derivative instruments 
 (4,655) 
 
 (4,655)
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities 519,916
 (168,186) (2,740,815) 
 (2,389,085)
Cash flows from financing activities          
Intercompany financing (2,242,604) (366,639) 2,609,243
 
 
Capitalized debt issuance costs (33,617) 
 (1,590) 
 (35,207)
Dividends paid (71,933) 
 
 
 (71,933)
Distributions paid 
 202,211
 (214,511) 
 (12,300)
Proceeds from debt issuance 1,428,512
 
 
 
 1,428,512
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 1,650
 
 
 
 1,650
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable 
 
 5,597
 
 5,597
Proceeds from term loan and drawdown of revolver 450,000
 
 150,000
 
 600,000
Restricted cash associated with term loan 
 
 (154,000) 
 (154,000)

36


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

  
Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
 
100% Owned
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Repayment of notes payable 
 
 (10,602) 
 (10,602)
Repayment of revolver (125,000) 
 
 
 (125,000)
Repurchase of common stock for treasury (67,406) 
 
 
 (67,406)
Windfall tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements 1,190
 
 
 
 1,190
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities (659,208) (164,428) 2,384,137
 
 1,560,501
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 
 
 2,418
 
 2,418
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (158,232) (4,934) (118,840) 
 (282,006)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 303,131
 6,818
 352,576
 
 662,525
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $144,899
 $1,884
 $233,736
 $
 $380,519

37


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

Condensed Consolidating Financial Information for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
  
Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
 
100% Owned
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Statement of Cash Flows          
Cash flows from operating activities          
Net income $535,041
 $237,804
 $321,574
 $(545,531) $548,888
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used for)
   provided by operating activities
          
Depreciation and amortization 1,504
 81,770
 98,459
 
 181,733
Deferred income taxes 87
 3,972
 3,526
 
 7,585
Net changes in working capital and other (567,137) 110,574
 14,126
 545,531
 103,094
Net cash (used for) provided by operating activities (30,505) 434,120
 437,685
 
 841,300
Cash flows from investing activities          
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired 
 
 15,782
 
 15,782
Additions to property, plant and equipment 
 (137,844) (191,392) 
 (329,236)
Proceeds from disposition of assets 
 
 17
 
 17
Proceeds from disposition of equity method investment 
 27,865
 
 
 27,865
Proceeds from sales and maturities of securities 16,056
 
 
 
 16,056
Purchase of securities (282,542) 
 
 
 (282,542)
Settlements of derivative instruments 
 (1,535) 
 
 (1,535)
Net cash used for investing activities (266,486) (111,514) (175,593) 
 (553,593)
Cash flows from financing activities          
Intercompany financing 467,360
 (570,217) 102,857
 
 
Dividends paid (67,852) 
 
 
 (67,852)
Distributions paid 
 249,999
 (260,981) 
 (10,982)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 984
 
 
 
 984
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable 
 
 19,483
 
 19,483
Repayment of notes payable 
 
 (32,954) 
 (32,954)
Repurchase of common stock for treasury (114,254) 
 
 
 (114,254)
Windfall tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements 2,452
 
 
 
 2,452
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities 288,690
 (320,218) (171,595) 
 (203,123)

38


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

  
Westlake
Chemical
Corporation
 
100% Owned
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 Eliminations Consolidated
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 
 
 (3,260) 
 (3,260)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (8,301) 2,388
 87,237
 
 81,324
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 655,947
 3,047
 221,607
 
 880,601
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $647,646
 $5,435
 $308,844
 $
 $961,925

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Item 2.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with information contained in the accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements of Westlake Chemical Corporation ("Westlake") and the notes thereto and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of Westlake Chemical Corporation included in Westlake Chemical Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20152016 (the "20152016 Form 10-K"). The following discussion contains forward-looking statements. Please read "Forward-Looking Statements" for a discussion of limitations inherent in such statements.
We are a vertically integrated global manufacturer and marketer of basic chemicals, vinyls,petrochemicals, polymers and building products. Our two principal operating segments are Olefins and Vinyls. We are highly integrated alonguse a majority of our olefins product chain with significant downstream integration into polyethyleneinternally-produced basic chemicals to produce higher value-added chemicals and styrene monomer. We are also an integrated global producer of vinyls with substantial downstream integration into polyvinyl chloride ("PVC") building products.
Since 2009 and continuing through the thirdfirst quarter of 2016,2017, a cost advantage for ethane-based ethylene producers over naphtha-based ethylene producers has allowed a strong export market for polyethylene, ethylene derivatives and higher margins for North American chemical producers, including Westlake. Continued strong global demand for polyethylene has resulted in improved operating margins and cash flowflows for our Olefins segment in recent years. However, we have seen a significant reduction in the cost advantage enjoyed by North American ethane-based ethylene producers due to lower crude oil prices, beginning in the third quarter of 2014 and continuing through the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2017. Falling crude oil prices have resulted in reduced prices and margins and may continue to do so. However, our European operations rely primarily on feedstock derived from naphtha-based ethylene crackers and have benefited and may continue to benefit from lower crude oil prices. Looking forward, new olefinsethylene and polyethylene capacity additions in Asia, the Middle East and North America, a number of which have been announced in recent years, may lead to periods of over-supply and lower profitability. As a result, our Olefins segment operating margins may be negatively impacted.
Continued slow recovery in the U.S. construction markets and budgetary constraints in municipal spending have contributed to lower North American demand for our vinyls products, which may continue to negatively impact our Vinyls segment operating rates and margins. Likewise, European industry production capacities currently exceed demand in the region, largely due to the weak economic environment in Europe. However, since late 2010, the PVC industry in North America has experienced an increase in PVC resin export demand, driven largely by more competitive feedstock and energy cost positions in North America. As a consequence, North American PVC resin industry operating rates have improved since 2010, largely due to higher PVC resin export shipments. In addition, the completion of our world-scale Geismar, Louisiana chlor-alkali plant and the ethane feedstock conversion and ethylene expansion project at Westlake Chemical OpCo LP's ("OpCo") Calvert City, Kentucky ethylene plant in 2013 and 2014, respectively, as well as the July 2014 acquisition of Vinnolit Holdings GmbH and its subsidiary companies ("Vinnolit"), an integrated global leader in specialty PVC resins, havehas contributed to improved operating margins and cash flowflows for our Vinyls segment. Globally, there were large chlor-alkali capacity additions between 2008 and 2015 resulting in excess capacity and lower industry operating rates which exerted downward pressure on caustic soda pricing. Most announced capacity is now complete and improving demand driven by modest economic growth and North American producers' competitive export position is expected to result in improved operating rates and caustic soda pricing. On August 31, 2016, we completed the acquisition of Axiall Corporation ("Axiall") for $33.00 per share in an all-cash transaction (the "Merger"). The combined company is the third-largest global chlor-alkali producer and the third-largest PVC producer in the world.
The economic environment in the United States and globally appears to be slowly improving. However, depending on the performance of the global economy in the remainder of 20162017 and beyond, our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be negatively impacted. In addition, the European economy has been slower to recover than the U.S. economy.
Recent DevelopmentsNon-GAAP Financial Measures
On August 31, 2016,The body of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States is commonly referred to as "U.S. GAAP." For this purpose, a non-GAAP financial measure is generally defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") as one that purports to measure historical or future financial performance, financial position or cash flows, but excludes or includes amounts that would not be so adjusted in the most comparable GAAP measures. In this report, we completeddisclose so-called non-GAAP financial measures, primarily earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"). EBITDA is calculated as net income before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. The non-GAAP financial measures described in this Form 10-Q are not substitutes for the previously announced acquisitionGAAP measures of Axiall Corporation ("Axiall") for $33.00 per shareearnings and cash flow.
EBITDA is included in this Form 10-Q because our management considers it an all-cash transaction (the "Merger"), pursuantimportant supplemental measure of our performance and believes that it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry, some of which present EBITDA when reporting their results. We regularly evaluate our performance as compared to the terms of the previously announced Agreementother companies in our industry that have different financing and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement"), dated as of June 10, 2016,capital structures and/or tax rates by and among Westlake, Axiall and Lagoon Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Westlake. The combined company is the third-largest global chlor-alkali producer and the third-largest global PVC producer. During the third quarter of 2016, in order to finance a portion of the consideration and related fees and expenses, and for other general corporate purposes, we issued $1.45 billion aggregate principal amount of senior notes.using EBITDA. In addition, we entered intoutilize EBITDA in evaluating acquisition targets. Management also believes that EBITDA is a $1.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility (the "Credit Agreement").
In July 2016, OpCo completed planned major maintenance activities, or a turnaround, of its Petro 1 ethylene unit atuseful tool for measuring our Lake Charles, Louisiana site. In conjunction with this turnaround, OpCo also completed an upgradeability to meet our future debt service, capital expenditures and capacity expansion of the Petro 1 ethylene unit. The Petro 1 expansion project is expected to increase ethylene capacity by approximately 250 million pounds annually. Income from operations for the third quarter of 2016 was negatively impacted as a result of the lost production, unabsorbed fixed manufacturing costs and other costs related to the planned turnaround and expansion.
On July 18, 2016, we announced that our Calvert City facility was in the process of restarting as a result of an unexpected shut down that occurred on June 1, 2016. The unplanned outage was caused by a mechanical failure of OpCo's ethylene unit, which resulted in a complete outage of the facility and halted all production including the production of ethylene dichloride ("EDC"), vinyl chloride monomer ("VCM"), chlor-alkali and PVC resin. Income from operations for the third quarter of 2016working capital requirements,

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was negatively impactedand EBITDA is commonly used by us and our investors to measure our ability to service indebtedness. EBITDA is not a substitute for the GAAP measures of earnings or of cash flow and is not necessarily a measure of our ability to fund our cash needs. In addition, it should be noted that companies calculate EBITDA differently and, therefore, EBITDA as presented for us may not be comparable to EBITDA reported by other companies. EBITDA has material limitations as a resultperformance measure because it excludes interest expense, depreciation and amortization, and income taxes.
Recent Developments
We completed an upgrade and capacity expansion of the lost production, unabsorbed fixed manufacturing costs andour Calvert City ethylene unit in April 2017. The expansion, along with other costs relatedinitiatives, is expected to the unplanned outage.increase ethylene capacity by approximately 100 million pounds annually to a total annual ethylene capacity of 730 million pounds.
Results of Operations
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
 2016 2015 2016 2015 2017 2016
            
 (dollars in thousands, except per share data) (dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Net external sales            
Olefins            
Polyethylene $380,810
 $423,631
 $1,098,500
 $1,283,545
 $385,942
 $346,032
Styrene, feedstock and other 116,555
 164,466
 324,369
 508,507
 157,053
 84,988
Total Olefins 497,365
 588,097
 1,422,869
 1,792,052
 542,995
 431,020
Vinyls            
PVC, caustic soda and other 599,276
 468,235
 1,492,650
 1,315,101
 1,131,129
 430,902
Building products 182,387
 131,705
 424,757
 369,417
 268,492
 113,265
Total Vinyls 781,663
 599,940
 1,917,407
 1,684,518
 1,399,621
 544,167
Total $1,279,028
 $1,188,037
 $3,340,276
 $3,476,570
 $1,942,616
 $975,187
            
Income (loss) from operations            
Olefins $118,475
 $196,703
 $408,274
 $608,744
 $179,817
 $149,235
Vinyls 22,235
 67,779
 136,559
 202,831
 71,441
 62,116
Corporate and other (94,147) (10,454) (116,056) (32,893) (15,960) (9,075)
Total income from operations 46,563
 254,028
 428,777
 778,682
 235,298
 202,276
Interest expense (24,366) (8,211) (36,966) (26,760) (39,776) (6,685)
Other income, net 41,265
 2,636
 52,091
 33,790
 5,071
 2,645
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes (6,552) 60,033
 129,332
 236,824
Provision for income taxes 55,883
 69,300
Net income 70,014
 188,420
 314,570
 548,888
 144,710
 128,936
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 4,352
 4,816
 14,656
 13,847
 6,520
 5,808
Net income attributable to
Westlake Chemical Corporation
 $65,662
 $183,604
 $299,914
 $535,041
 $138,190
 $123,128
Diluted earnings per share $0.51
 $1.39
 $2.29
 $4.02
 $1.06
 $0.94
EBITDA (1)
 $182,057
 $317,912
 $708,061
 $992,701
 $390,638
 $270,635
_____________
(1)See "Reconciliation of EBITDA to Net Income and to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities" below.
  Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
  Average
Sales Price
 Volume Average
Sales Price
 Volume
Product sales price and volume percentage change
   from prior-year period
        
Olefins -6.3 % -9.1 % -12.0 % -8.6 %
Vinyls -3.0 % +33.3 % -5.7 % +19.5 %
Company average -4.6 % +12.3 % -8.9 % +5.0 %
         

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 Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
 Average
Sales Price
 Volume
Product sales price and volume percentage change
from prior-year period
    
Olefins +20.1% +5.9%
Vinyls +8.8% +148.4%
Company average +13.8% +85.4%
    
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
 2016 2015 2016 2015 2017 2016
Average industry prices (1)
            
Ethane (cents/lb) 6.3
 6.4
 6.2
 6.3
 7.8
 5.3
Propane (cents/lb) 11.2
 9.6
 10.7
 11.0
 16.9
 9.1
Ethylene (cents/lb) (2)
 32.5
 28.2
 26.5
 33.6
 31.2
 21.1
Polyethylene (cents/lb) (3)
 68.7
 72.3
 65.3
 73.8
 67.3
 60.3
Styrene (cents/lb) (4)
 66.8
 64.2
 63.3
 61.4
 85.6
 58.0
Caustic soda ($/short ton) (5)
 660.8
 563.3
 618.3
 576.1
 733.3
 582.5
Chlorine ($/short ton) (6)
 304.2
 275.0
 295.3
 260.8
 305.0
 285.0
PVC (cents/lb) (7)
 71.5
 66.5
 68.8
 66.5
 60.2
 49.8
_____________
(1)Industry pricing data was obtained from IHS Chemical. We have not independently verified the data.
(2)Represents average North American spot prices of ethylene over the period as reported by IHS Chemical.
(3)Represents average North American net transaction prices of polyethylene low density GP-Film grade over the period as reported by IHS Chemical.
(4)Represents average North American contract prices of styrene over the period as reported by IHS Chemical.
(5)Represents average North American undiscounted contract prices of caustic soda over the period as reported by IHS Chemical.
(6)Represents average North American contract prices of chlorine (into chemicals) over the period as reported by IHS Chemical.
(7)Represents average North American contract prices of PVCpolyvinyl chloride (PVC) over the period as reported by IHS Chemical. Effective January 1, 2017, IHS Chemical made a non-market downward adjustment of 15 cents per pound to PVC prices. For comparability, we adjusted each prior-year period's PVC price downward by 15 cents per pound consistent with the IHS Chemical non-market adjustment.
Reconciliation of EBITDA to Net Income and to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
The following table presents the reconciliation of EBITDA to net income and to net cash provided by operating activities, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, for each of the periods indicated.
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
 2016 2015 2016 2015 2017 2016
            
 (dollars in thousands) (dollars in thousands)
EBITDA $182,057
 $317,912
 $708,061
 $992,701
Less:        
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes (6,552) 60,033
 129,332
 236,824
Net cash provided by operating activities $157,394
 $128,935
Changes in operating assets and liabilities and other (18,957) 58,638
Deferred income taxes 6,273
 (58,637)
Net income 144,710
 128,936
Add:    
Provision for income taxes 55,883
 69,300
Interest expense 24,366
 8,211
 36,966
 26,760
 39,776
 6,685
Depreciation and amortization 94,229
 61,248
 227,193
 180,229
 150,269
 65,714
Net income 70,014
 188,420
 314,570
 548,888
Changes in operating assets and liabilities and other 101,334
 213,028
 123,680
 284,827
Deferred income taxes 2,920
 4,497
 105,910
 7,585
Net cash provided by operating activities $174,268
 $405,945
 $544,160
 $841,300
EBITDA $390,638
 $270,635

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Summary
For the quarter ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, net income attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation was $65.7$138.2 million, or $0.51$1.06 per diluted share, on net sales of $1,279.0$1,942.6 million. This represents a decreasean increase in net income attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation of $117.9$15.1 million, or $0.88$0.12 per diluted share, compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2015March 31, 2016 net income attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation of $183.6$123.1 million, or $1.39$0.94 per diluted share, on net sales of $1,188.0$975.2 million. Net income for the thirdfirst quarter of 2016 was impacted2017 increased primarily due to (1) higher sales prices for our major products resulting in improved margins; (2) earnings contributed by (1) pre-tax transactionAxiall; and integration-related costs of approximately $82.8 million, or $0.41 per diluted share, associated with(3) a lower first quarter 2017 effective tax rate primarily due to certain discrete tax adjustments and lower estimated annual tax rate for 2017 as compared to the Merger; (2)prior year. These increases were partially offset by (1) pre-tax unabsorbed fixed manufacturing costs and other costs associated with the turnaround and expansion of OpCo's Lake Charles Petro 1the Calvert City ethylene unit an unplanned outage at our Calvert City facility and other planned turnarounds and unplanned outages totaling approximately $36.0$36.3 million, or $0.18$0.19 per diluted share; and (3)(2) lost sales associated with such turnaroundsoutages; (3) higher interest expense due to increased debt balance; and outages, partially offset by (4) realized gainpre-tax transaction and integration-related costs of approximately $49.1$8.2 million fromassociated with the previously held outstanding shares of common stock of Axiall; and (5) a third quarter 2016Merger, or $0.04 per diluted share. The lower estimated annual effective tax rate of (10.3)%. The third quarter 2016 rate resulted from discrete items totaling $28.6 million, which decreased the third quarter 2016 tax provision,for 2017 is primarily driven by higher estimated foreign earnings, a higher expected domestic manufacturing deduction and are comprised of $17.2 million related to the non-recognition of tax on the gain recognized attributable to previously held outstanding shares of common stock of Axiall and $15.6 million related to return to provision, amended returns and other adjustments, partially offset by $4.2 million related to non-deductible Axiall acquisition costs. We estimate the 2016 annual tax rate on ordinary income will be approximately 35.6%.lower estimated state taxes. Net sales for the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 increased by $91.0$967.4 million compared to net sales for the thirdfirst quarter of 2015,2016, mainly due to sales contributed by Axiall partially offset by lowerand higher sales prices and lower sales volumes for most of our major products. Income from operations was $46.6$235.3 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 as compared to $254.0$202.3 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 2015.2016. The decreaseincrease in income from operations for the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 was mainly a result of lowerhigher sales prices for most of our major products, transactionresulting in higher integrated product margin and integration-relatedearnings contributed by Axiall, partially offset by higher depreciation and amortization as a result of the Merger and OpCo's Petro 1 expansion project in 2016, unabsorbed fixed manufacturing costs and other costs associated with the Mergerturnaround and expansion of OpCo's Calvert City ethylene unit and other planned turnarounds.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
First Quarter 2017 Compared with First Quarter 2016
Net Sales. Net sales increased by $967.4 million, or 99.2%, to $1,942.6 million in the effectfirst quarter of selling higher cost Axiall inventory recorded at fair value. In addition, income2017 from operations for$975.2 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016, primarily attributable to sales contributed by our Axiall subsidiaries and higher sales prices for our major products. Average sales prices for the first quarter of 2017 increased by 13.8% as compared to the first quarter of 2016. Overall sales volumes increased by 85.4% as compared to the first quarter of 2016, primarily attributable to sales contributed by our Axiall subsidiaries, as compared to the prior-year period.
Gross Profit. Gross profit margin percentage decreased to 18.9% in the first quarter of 2017 from 26.2% in the first quarter of 2016. The first quarter 2017 gross profit margin was negatively impactedlower primarily due to sales volume contributed by Axiall. Vinyls segment industry margins were lower as compared to those of the Olefins segment in the first quarter of 2017 and in the first quarter of 2016, and the Vinyls segment contributed to a proportionally larger sales volume in the first quarter of 2017 due to the Axiall acquisition. Also contributing to the lower margin were the lost sales, lower production rates, unabsorbed fixed manufacturing costs and other costs associated with the turnaround and expansion of OpCo's Lake Charles Petro 1Calvert City ethylene unit the unplanned outage at our Calvert City facility and other planned turnarounds.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, net income attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation was $299.9 million, or $2.29 per diluted share, on net sales of $3,340.3 million. This represents a decrease in net income attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation of $235.1 million, or $1.73 per diluted share, from the nine months ended September 30, 2015 net income attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation of $535.0 million, or $4.02 per diluted share, on net sales of $3,476.6 million. Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was impacted by (1) pre-tax transaction and integration-related costs of approximately $90.6 million, or $0.45 per diluted share, associated with the Merger; (2) pre-tax unabsorbed fixed manufacturing costs and other costs associated with the turnaround and expansion of OpCo's Lake Charles Petro 1 ethylene unit, an unplanned outage at our Calvert City facility and other planned turnarounds, and unplanned outages totaling approximately $116.2 million, or $0.58 per diluted share; and (3) lost sales associated with such turnarounds and outages, partially offset by (4) realized gainthe increase in sales price of approximately $49.1 million from the previously held outstanding shares of common stock of Axiall; and (5) a lower effective tax rate of 29.1%. The 2016 period rate resulted from discrete items totaling $29.0 million, which decreased the tax provision for the 2016 period, and are comprised of $17.2 million related to the non-recognition of tax on the gain recognized attributable to the previously held outstanding shares of common stock of Axiall and $16.0 million related to return to provision, amended returns and other adjustments, partially offset by $4.2 million related to non-deductible Axiall acquisition costs. Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased by $136.3 million compared to the prior-year period, primarily due to lower sales prices for all our major products, and lower sales volumes for ethylene, polyethylene and ethylene co-products, partially offset by higher sales volume for PVC resin and sales contributed by Axiall and Suzhou Huasu Plastics Co., Ltd. ("Huasu"). We acquired a controlling interest in Huasu in June 2015. Income from operations was $428.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to $778.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, a decrease mainly attributable to lower sales prices for all our major products, transaction and integration-related costs associated with the Merger and the lost sales, lower production rates, unabsorbed fixed manufacturing costs and other costs associated with the turnaround and expansion of OpCo's Lake Charles Petro 1 ethylene unit, the unplanned outage at our Calvert City facility and other planned turnarounds and unplanned outages. The decrease in income from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was partially offset by lower average feedstock and energy costs and higher product margins at our European operations, as compared to the prior-year period.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Third Quarter 2016 Compared with Third Quarter 2015
Net Sales. Net sales increased by $91.0 million, or 7.7%, to $1,279.0 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016 from $1,188.0 million in the third quarter of 2015, primarily attributable to sales contributed by Axiall, partially offset by lower sales prices and lower sales volumes for most of our major products. Average sales prices for the third quarter of 2016 decreased by 4.6%

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as compared to the third quarter of 2015. Overall sales volumes increased by 12.3% as compared to the third quarter of 2015, primarily attributable to sales contributed by Axiall, as compared to the prior-year period.
Gross Profit. Gross profit margin percentage decreased to 15.8% in the third quarter of 2016 from 26.2% in the third quarter of 2015. The third quarter 2016 gross profit was negatively impacted by lower sales prices for most of our major products. Sales prices decreased an average of 4.6% for the third quarter of 2016 as compared to the third quarter of 2015. In addition, the lost sales, lower production rates, unabsorbed fixed manufacturing costs and other costs associated with the turnaround and expansion of OpCo's Lake Charles Petro 1 ethylene unit, the unplanned outage at our Calvert City facility and other planned turnarounds further contributed to the decrease in third quarter 2016 gross profit margin. The decrease in third quarter 2016 gross profit margin was compounded by the negative impact of selling higher cost Axiall inventory recorded at fair value.2016.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $15.5$70.4 million to $72.7$123.7 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 as compared to $57.2$53.3 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2015.2016. This increase was mainly due to general and administrative costs incurred bywith respect to the activities of Axiall for the period from August 31, 2016first quarter of 2017, which primarily consisted of the payroll related costs and higher amortization costs related to September 30, 2016, partially offset by lower consulting and professional fees and lower payroll and related labor costs, including incentive compensation,the intangibles acquired as a result of the Merger, as compared to the prior-year period.
Transaction and Integration-related Costs. Transaction and integration-related costs were $82.8$8.2 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2016 and2017, which primarily consisted of severance benefits provided to former Axiall executivesemployees in conjunction with the Merger including the conversion of Axiall restricted stock units into our restricted stock units, transitional service expenses for certain former Axiall employees, retention agreement costs and integration related consulting and professional fees related to the Merger.fees.
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased by $16.2$33.1 million to $24.4$39.8 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 from $8.2$6.7 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2015 largely2016 primarily as a result of higher average debt outstanding for the period.period as well as decreased capitalized interest on major capital projects in the first quarter of 2017 as compared to the first quarter of 2016. The debt balance increased in the second half of 2016 to finance the Merger. See "Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt" below for further discussion on our indebtedness.

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Other Income, Net. Other income, net increased by $38.7$2.5 million to $41.3$5.1 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 from $2.6 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2015.2016. The increase was primarily attributable to increased dividends from costs method investments and the realized gainpositive impact of approximately $49.1 million fromforeign exchange changes in the previously held outstanding sharesfirst quarter of common stock of Axiall,2017, partially offset by lower interest income as compared to the bridge loan facility fees written off during the thirdfirst quarter of 2016 and other financing costs in connection with the Merger.2016.
Income Taxes. The effective income tax rate was (10.3)%27.9% for the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2017. The effective income tax rate for the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 was below the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35.0% primarily due to the benefit of state tax credits, thecertain discrete adjustments, higher domestic manufacturing deduction, depletion deductions, income attributable to noncontrolling interests, the non-recognition of tax related to the gain recognized on previously held outstanding shares of common stock of Axiall, the benefit in prior years' and current-year tax credits for increased research and development expenditures and adjustments related to prior years' tax returns as filedcredits and the foreign earnings rate differential, partially offset by state income taxes and nondeductible transaction costs related to the Merger. The effective income tax rate was 24.2% for the third quarter of 2015.taxes. The effective income tax rate for the thirdfirst quarter of 20152016 was belowat the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35.0% primarily due to the benefit of state tax credits, the domestic manufacturing deduction, income attributable to noncontrolling interests and the foreign earnings rate differential, the increased benefit in certain prior years' deductions due to a change in the calculation methodology of the domestic manufacturing deduction and adjustments related to prior years' tax returns as filed, partially offset by state income taxes.
Olefins Segment
Net Sales. Net sales for the Olefins segment decreasedincreased by $90.7$112.0 million,, or 15.4%26.0%, to $497.4$543.0 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2017 from $431.0 million in the first quarter of 2016, from $588.1 million in the third quarter of 2015, primarily due to lowerhigher sales prices and lower sales volumes for our major products and higher sales volume of polyethylene and ethylene, as compared to the prior-year period. Average sales prices for the Olefins segment decreasedincreased by 6.3%20.1% in the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 as compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2015.2016. Average sales volumes for the Olefins segment decreasedincreased by 9.1%5.9% in the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 as compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2015.2016.
Income from Operations. Income from operations for the Olefins segment decreasedincreased by $78.2$30.6 million to $118.5$179.8 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 from $196.7$149.2 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2015.2016. This decreaseincrease was mainly attributable to lowerhigher olefins integrated product margins, primarily due to lowerhigher sales prices for our major products and higher polyethylene and ethylene sales volume, as compared to the prior-year period, partially offset by higher feedstock and the lost sales, lower production rates, unabsorbed fixed manufacturing costs and other costs related to the turnaround and expansion of OpCo's Lake Charles Petro 1 ethylene unit and other planned turnarounds during the third quarter of 2016.energy costs. Trading activity in the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 resulted in a loss of $7.8$9.2 million as compared to a lossgain of $9.3$4.1 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2015.2016.

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Vinyls Segment
Net Sales. Net sales for the Vinyls segment increased by $181.8$855.4 million,, or 30.3%157.2%, to $781.7$1,399.6 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 from $599.9$544.2 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2015.2016. This increase was mainly attributable to sales contributed by our Axiall partially offset by lowersubsidiaries, higher sales prices for PVC resin and higher sales contributed by our building productsEuropean operations due to higher prices of specialty PVC resin and lower sales volumes for all of our major products, as compared to the prior-year period.caustic soda. Average sales prices for the Vinyls segment decreasedincreased by 3.0%8.8% in the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 as compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2015.2016. Average sales volumes for the Vinyls segment increased by 33.3%148.4% in the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 as compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2015,2016, primarily attributable to sales contributed by Axiall, as compared to the prior-year period.
Income from Operations. Income from operations for the Vinyls segment decreasedincreased by $45.6$9.3 million to $22.2$71.4 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 from $67.8$62.1 million in the thirdfirst quarter of 2015.2016. This decreaseincrease was mainly causedattributable to the higher sales prices of PVC resin and caustic soda and earnings contributed by the lost sales, lower production rates,Axiall. These increases were partially offset by (1) unabsorbed fixed manufacturing costs and other costs associated with the unplanned outageplanned turnaround and expansion at ourthe Calvert City facility that began at the end of March 2017 and other planned turnarounds at our European facilitiesduring the quarter ended March 31, 2017 totaling approximately $32.0 million, 2) lost sales associated with such outages, and lower sales prices for our building products, as compared to(3) higher feedstock and energy price during the prior-year period. In addition, income from operations for the third quarter of 2016 was negatively impacted by the effect of selling higher cost Axiall inventory recorded at fair value.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
Net Sales. Net sales decreased by $136.3 million, or 3.9%, to $3,340.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from $3,476.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, primarily attributable to lower sales prices for all our major products and lower sales volumes for ethylene, polyethylene and ethylene co-products, partially offset by higher sales volume for PVC resin and sales contributed by Axiall and Huasu, as compared to the prior-year period. Average sales prices for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased by 8.9% as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Sales prices in the first nine months of 2016 were negatively impacted by lower crude oil prices as compared to the prior-year period. Overall sales volumes for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased by 5.0% as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015, primarily attributable to sales contributed by Axiall and Huasu,March 31, 2017, as compared to the prior-year period.
Gross Profit. Gross profit margin percentageCASH FLOW DISCUSSION FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2016
Cash Flows
Operating Activities
Operating activities provided cash of 20.9%$157.4 million in the first three months of 2017 compared to cash provided by operating activities of $128.9 million in the first three months of 2016. The $28.5 million increase in cash flows from operating activities was mainly due to an increase in income from operations, partially offset an increase in working capital requirements and an unfavorable change in deferred taxes. The increase in income from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased from the 27.3% gross profit margin percentage for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The decreasefirst quarter of 2017 was mainly attributable to lowera result of higher sales prices for most of our major products resulting in a higher integrated product margin and earnings contributed by Axiall, partially offset by higher depreciation and amortization as compared toa result of the prior-year period, and the lost sales,Merger, lower production rates, unabsorbed fixed manufacturing costs and other costs associated with the turnaround and expansion of OpCo's Lake Charles Petro 1 ethylene unit, the unplanned outage at our Calvert City facility and other planned turnarounds and unplanned outages during the first nine months of 2016. Sales prices decreased an average of 8.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to the prior-year period. In addition, gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 included the negative impact of selling higher cost Axiall inventory recorded at fair value. The decrease in gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was partially offset by lower average feedstock and energy costs and higher product margins at our European operations, as compared to the prior-year period.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $9.5 million to $179.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to $170.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. This increase was mainly attributable to general and administrative costs incurred by Axiall for the period from August 31, 2016 to September 30, 2016, partially offset by lower consulting and professional fees, as compared to the prior-year period.
Transaction and Integration-related Costs. Transaction and integration-related costs were $90.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and primarily consisted of severance benefits provided to former Axiall executives in conjunction with the Merger, including the conversion of Axiall restricted stock units into our restricted stock units, transitional service expenses for former Axiall employees, retention agreement costs and consulting and professional fees related to the Merger.
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased by $10.2 million to $37.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, largely as a result of higher average debt outstanding for the period, partially offset by increased capitalized interest on major capital projects as compared to the prior-year period. See "Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt" below for a further discussion of our indebtedness.
Other Income, Net. Other income, net increased by $18.3 million to $52.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from $33.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase was primarily attributable to the realized gain of approximately $49.1 million from the previously held outstanding shares of common stock of Axiall and higher interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to the prior-year period, partially offset by the

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expenses related to the bridge loan facility and other financing costs in connection with the Merger. Other income, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 included a gain of approximately $15.5 million related to the bargain purchase gain from the acquisition of a controlling interest in Huasu, net of related expenses, and the partial impairment of an equity method investment.
Income Taxes. The effective income tax rate was 29.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The effective income tax rate for the 2016 period was below the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35.0% primarily due to the benefit of state tax credits, the domestic manufacturing deduction, depletion deductions, income attributable to noncontrolling interests, the non-recognition of tax related to the gain recognized on previously held outstanding shares of common stock of Axiall, the benefit in prior years' and current-year tax credits for increased research and development expenditures and adjustments related to prior years' tax returns as filed and the foreign earnings rate differential, partially offset by state income taxes and nondeductible transaction costs related to the Merger. The effective income tax rate was 30.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The effective income tax rate for the 2015 period was below the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35.0% primarily due to the benefit of state tax credits, the domestic manufacturing deduction, income attributable to noncontrolling interests, the non-recognition of tax related to the bargain purchase of a controlling interest in Huasu, the increased benefit in certain prior years' deductions due to a change in the calculation methodology of the domestic manufacturing deduction and adjustments related to prior years' tax returns as filed and the foreign earnings rate differential, partially offset by state income taxes.
Olefins Segment
Net Sales. Net sales decreased by $369.2 million, or 20.6%, to $1,422.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from $1,792.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, mainly due to lower sales prices for our major products and lower sales volumes for most of our major products, as compared to the prior-year period. Average sales prices for the Olefins segment decreased by 12.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Average sales volumes for the Olefins segment decreased by 8.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015.
Income from Operations. Income from operations decreased by $200.4 million to $408.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from $608.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. This decrease was mainly attributable to lower olefins integrated product margins, primarily as a result of lower sales prices as compared to the prior-year period, and the lost sales, lower production rates, unabsorbed fixed manufacturing costs and other costs related to the turnaround and expansion of OpCo's Lake Charles Petro 1 ethylene unit and other planned turnarounds and unplanned outages during the first nine months of 2016. Trading activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 resulted in a gain of $7.8 million as compared to a loss of $4.5 million for the prior-year period.
Vinyls Segment
Net Sales. Net sales increased by $232.9 million, or 13.8%, to $1,917.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from $1,684.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. This increase was primarily attributable to sales contributed by Axiall and Huasu and higher sales volume for PVC resin, partially offset by lower sales prices for our major products. Average sales prices for the Vinyls segment decreased by 5.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Average sales volumes for the Vinyls segment increased by 19.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015, primarily attributable to sales contributed by Axiall and Huasu, as compared to the prior-year period.
Income from Operations. Income from operations decreased by $66.2 million to $136.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from $202.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. This decrease was mainly caused by the lost sales, lower production rates, unabsorbed fixed manufacturing costs and other costs associated with the unplanned outage at our Calvert City facility and other planned turnarounds during the first nine months of 2016. Income from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was also lower as a result of lower sales prices for our major products, partially offset by higher product margins at our European operations, as compared to the prior-year period. In addition, income from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 included the negative impact of selling higher cost Axiall inventory recorded at fair value.
CASH FLOW DISCUSSION FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2016 AND 2015
Cash Flows
Operating Activities
Operating activities provided cash of $544.2 million in the first nine months of 2016 compared to cash provided by operating activities of $841.3 million in the first nine months of 2015. The $297.1 million decrease in cash flows from

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operating activities was mainly due to a decrease in income from operations, an increase in working capital requirements and an increase in deferred turnaround costs associated with OpCo's Lake Charles Petro 1 turnaround, partially offset by lower income taxes paid, as compared to the prior-year period. Income from operations decreased by $349.9 million in the first nine months of 2016, as compared to the prior-year period, mostly attributable to (1) lower sales prices for all our major products; (2) transaction and integration-related costs associated with the Merger; and (3) the lost sales, lower production rates, unabsorbed fixed manufacturing costs and other costs associated with the turnaround and expansion of OpCo's Lake Charles Petro 1 ethylene unit, the unplanned outage at our Calvert City facility and other planned turnarounds and unplanned outages.turnarounds. Changes in components of working capital, which we define for purposes of this cash flow discussion as accounts receivable, net, inventories, prepaid expenses and other current assets, less accounts payable and accrued liabilities, providedused cash of $10.5$150.8 million in the first ninethree months of 2016,2017, compared to $113.9$118.5 million of cash provided used

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in the first ninethree months of 2015,2016, an unfavorable change of $103.4$32.3 million. The change was mainly due todriven by a decrease in accrued liabilities and an increase of $147.2 million in accounts receivable and an increase of $112.0 million in inventory, partially offset by a decreasean increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $148.7 million.payable.
Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities during the first ninethree months of 20162017 was $2,389.1$148.0 million as compared to net cash used for investing activities of $553.6$147.2 million in the first ninethree months of 2015. We used $2,437.8 million, net of cash acquired, for the acquisition of Axiall.2016. Capital expenditures were $467.3$134.3 million in the first ninethree months of 20162017 compared to $329.2$136.3 million in the first ninethree months of 2015.2016. Capital expenditures in the first ninethree months of 20162017 were primarily incurred on the upgrade and expansion of OpCo's Petro 1 ethylene unit at our Lake Charles site and OpCo's Calvert City ethylene plant at our Calvert City site. Capital expenditures in the first ninethree months of 20152016 were primarily incurred on the upgrade and expansion of OpCo's Petro 1 ethylene unit at our Lake Charles site. The remaining capital expenditures in the first ninethree months of 20162017 and 20152016 primarily related to projects to improve production capacity or reduce costs, maintenance and safety projects and environmental projects at our various facilities. Purchases of securitiesIn addition, we spent $15.0 million in the first ninethree months of 2016 totaled $138.4 million and were comprised of corporate debt securities, U.S. government debt securities and equity securities. We also received aggregate proceeds of $662.9 million from the sales and maturities of our investments in the first nine months of 2016. The activity during the first nine months of 2015 was primarily2017 related to our contribution to Lotte Chemical USA Corporation to fund the purchasesconstruction costs of securitiesthe ethylene plant. Please see "Liquidity and the receipt of proceeds from the salesCapital Resources—Liquidity and maturities of our investments. In addition, we acquired cash of $15.8 million, net of cash paid, in connection with the acquisition of a controlling interest in Huasu.Financing Arrangements" below for further discussion.
Financing Activities
Net cash providedused for financing activities during the first ninethree months of 20162017 was $1,560.5$99.7 million as compared to net cash used for financing activities of $203.1$33.1 million in the first ninethree months of 2015. Net proceeds from2016. We used $150.0 million and $125.0 million, respectively, for the issuancefull repayment of our senior notes and the proceeds from our term loan and the drawdown of the Credit Agreement were $1,428.5 million and $600.0 million, respectively, partially offset by the $125.0 million partial repayment of the Credit Agreement. These uses were partially offset by a drawdown under the Credit Agreement of $50.0 million in the first ninethree months of 2016.2017. The restriction on $154.0 million of cash was also removed as a result of the repayment of the term loan in the first three months of 2017. The remaining activity during the first ninethree months of 20162017 was primarily related to the $71.9$24.7 million payment of cash dividends, the $12.3$4.5 million payment of cash distributions to noncontrolling interests and the $35.2$0.3 million payment of debt issuance costs and the $67.4 million of cash used for repurchases of shares of our common stock.costs. In addition, we repaid $10.6$2.5 million of Huasu's short-term notes payable to banks in connection with the payment of suppliers through letters of credit, partially offset by $5.6$1.9 million of proceeds from the issuance of such notes payable. The financing activities during the first ninethree months of 20152016 were mainly related to the payment of cash dividends, the payment of cash distributions to noncontrolling interests, the proceeds from and the repayments of Huasu's short-term notes payable to banks and the repurchase of shares of our common stock.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity and Financing Arrangements
Our principal sources of liquidity are from cash and cash equivalents, cash from operations, short-term borrowings under the Credit Agreement and our long-term financing.
In January 2016, OpCo announced an expansion project to increase the ethylene capacity of its ethylene plant at our Calvert City facility. The expansion is expected to increase ethylene capacity by approximately 70 million pounds annually and is targeted for completion during the first half of 2017. Combined with other incremental capacity increases, the total ethylene capacity of OpCo's ethylene plant at our Calvert City facility is expected to increase to 730 million pounds annually at the completion of this project. This capital project is currently estimated to cost in the range of $70.0 million to $80.0 million and is expected to be funded with cash on hand, cash flow from operations, and, if necessary, borrowings under each of the Credit Agreement and OpCo's revolving credit facility with another subsidiary of ours and other external financing. As of

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September 30, 2016, OpCo had incurred a total cost of approximately $30.5 million on the Calvert City ethylene expansion capital project.
In November 2014, our Board of Directors authorized a $250.0 million share repurchase program (the "2014 Program"). In November 2015, our Board of Directors approved the expansion of the 2014 Program by an additional $150.0 million. During the three months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, no shares of our common stock were repurchased under the 2014 Program. As of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, we had repurchased 4,193,598 shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $228.7 million under the 2014 Program. Purchases under the 2014 Program may be made either through the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. Decisions regarding the amount and the timing of purchases under the 2014 Program will be influenced by our cash on hand, our cash flow from operations, general market conditions and other factors. The 2014 Program may be discontinued by our Board of Directors at any time.
In connection with the Merger, we became party to a joint venture investment with Lotte Chemical USA Corporation ("Lotte") to build an ethylene facility, LACC, LLC ("LACC"). The ethylene facility is located adjacent to our vinyls facility in Lake Charles. Pursuant to the contribution and subscription agreement, we agreed to make a maximum capital commitment to LACC of up to $225.0 million to fund the construction costs of the ethylene plant, which represents approximately 10.0% of the interests in LACC. The construction of the ethylene plant commenced in January 2016, with an anticipated start-up during the first quarter of 2019. As of March 31, 2017, we had funded approximately $74.4 million of our portion of the construction costs of the ethylene plant.
We believe that our sources of liquidity as described above will be adequate to fund our normal operations and ongoing capital expenditures. Funding of any potential large expansions or any potential acquisitions would likely necessitate and therefore depend on our ability to obtain additional financing in the future. We may not be able to access additional liquidity at cost effective interest rates due to the volatility of the commercial credit markets.

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Cash and Cash Equivalents
As of September 30, 2016March 31, 2017, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $380.5$372.6 million. In addition, we have the Credit Agreement available to supplement cash if needed, as described under "Debt" below.
Debt
As of September 30, 2016March 31, 2017, our indebtedness, including current maturities, totaled $3.8$3.6 billion, consisting of $100.0 million of 6 ½% senior notes due 2029, $250.0 million of 6 ¾% senior notes due 2032, $89.0 million of 6 ½% senior notes due 2035 (the "6 ½% 2035 GO Zone Senior Notes"), $65.0 million of 6 ½% senior notes due 2035 (the "6 ½% 2035 IKE Zone Senior Notes") (collectively, the "Senior Notes"), $624.8 million aggregate principal amount of 4.625% senior notes due 2021 (the "4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes"), $63.2 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.625% senior notes due 2021 (the "4.625% Subsidiary 2021 Senior Notes"), $250.0 million principal amount of 3.60% senior notes due 2022, $433.8 million aggregate principal amount of 4.875% senior notes due 2023 (the "4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes"), $16.2 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.875% senior notes due 2023 (the "4.875% Subsidiary 2023 Senior Notes"), $750.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.60% senior notes due 2026 (the "3.60% 2026 Senior Notes"), $700.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.0% senior notes due 2046 (the "5.0% 2046 Senior Notes"), $325.0$250.0 million borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement and a $10.9 million loan from the proceeds of tax-exempt waste disposal revenue bonds (supported by an $11.3 million letter of credit) and a $150.0 million current term loan facility,, plus unamortized premium net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs of $1.4$1.2 million. The 6 ½% senior notes due 2029, the 6 ¾% senior notes due 2032, the 6 ½% 2035 GO Zone Senior Notes and the 6 ½% 2035 IKE Zone Senior Notes evidence and secure our obligations to the Louisiana Local Government Environmental Facility and Development Authority (the "Authority"), a political subdivision of the State of Louisiana, under four loan agreements relating to the issuance of $100.0 million, $250.0 million, $89.0 million and $65.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Authority's tax-exempt revenue bonds, respectively. As of September 30, 2016March 31, 2017, debt outstanding under the Credit Agreement, tax-exempt waste disposal revenue bonds and the term loan facility bore interest at a variable rate. As of September 30, 2016March 31, 2017, we were in compliance with all of the covenants with respect to the Senior Notes, the 4.625% Westlake4,625% 2021 Senior Notes, the 4.625% Subsidiary 2021 Senior Notes, the 3.60% senior notes due 2022, the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes, the 4.875% Subsidiary 2023 Senior Notes, the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes, the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes, the Credit Agreement and our waste disposal revenue bonds and our term loan facility.bonds.
Our ability to make payments on our indebtedness and to fund planned capital expenditures will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future, which is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. Based on our current level of operations and unless we were to undertake a new expansion or large acquisition, we believe our cash flow from operations, available cash and available borrowings under the Credit Agreement will be adequate to meet our normal operating needs for the foreseeable future.
Term Loan
On August 10, 2016, our indirect subsidiary, Westlake International Holdings II C.V., a limited partnership organized under the laws of the Netherlands (the "CV Borrower"), entered into a credit agreement with Bank of America, N.A., as agent and lender, providing the CV Borrower with a $150.0 million term loan facility. The term loan facility matures onhad a maturity date of March 31, 2017. The term loan was fully repaid in January 2017. The loans thereunder bearbore interest at a floating interest rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.0% per annum, payable in arrears on the last day of each three-month period following the date of funding and at maturity. The CV Borrower may elect to convert the interest rate to a base rate with a 1.0% spread.

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The facility contains customary covenants and events of default that impose certain operating and financial restrictions on the CV Borrower and certain of its subsidiaries. These restrictions, among other things, provide limitations on the incurrence of additional indebtedness and liens and the ability to engage in certain transactions with affiliates.
Pursuant to the credit agreement, all of our non-U.S. subsidiaries are to remain owned, directly or indirectly, by the CV Borrower and its wholly owned subsidiary, Westlake International II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("WII LLC"). The CV Borrower is also required, together with its subsidiaries, to maintain at all times unencumbered cash and cash equivalents in a U.S. dollar equivalent of not less than $150.0 million, which amount shall be increased by 5% to the extent maintained in non-U.S. currencies. In connection therewith, an amount of cash and cash equivalents for the period (a) from the closing date until the date 30 days thereafter, not less than $50.0 million, and (b) thereafter, not less than $75.0 million, shall be maintained by the CV Borrower and its subsidiaries in accounts at Bank of America, N.A., in accordance with existing cash management agreements.
Obligations under the term loan facility are secured by a pledge of 65% of the membership interests of WII LLC as well as rights under the partnership agreement of Westlake International Holdings C.V., a limited partnership organized under the laws of The Netherlands, held by WII LLC and the CV Borrower.
Credit Agreement
On August 23, 2016, we and certain of our subsidiaries entered into an unsecured revolving credit facility (the "Credit Agreement"), by and among us, the other borrowers and guarantors referred to therein, the lenders from time to time party thereto (collectively, the "Lenders"), the issuing banks party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent. Under the Credit Agreement, the Lenders have committed to provide an unsecured five-year revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $1.0 billion. The Credit Agreement replaced our existing $400.0 million senior secured third amended and restated credit facility, dated as of July 17, 2014 (the "Prior ABL Credit Agreement"), by and among us, the financial institutions party thereto, as lenders, Bank of America, N.A., as agent, and us and certain of our subsidiaries, as borrowers. The Credit Agreement includes a $150.0 million sub-limit for letters of credit, and any outstanding letters of credit will be deducted from availability under the facility. The Credit Agreement also provides for a discretionary $50.0 million commitment for swing-line loans to be provided on a same-day basis. We may also increase the size of the facility, in increments of at least $25.0 million, up to a maximum of $500.0 million, subject to certain conditions and if certain Lenders agree to commit to such an increase. On October 14, 2016, certain domestic subsidiaries of Axiall and Lagoon LLC were added as subsidiary guarantors to the Credit Agreement.

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At September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, we had $325.0$250.0 million borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement will bear interest, at our option, at either (a) LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 1.0% to 1.75% that will vary depending on our credit rating or (b) Alternate Base Rate plus a spread ranging from 0.0% to 0.75% that will vary depending on our credit rating. The Credit Agreement also requires an undrawn commitment fee ranging from 0.10% to 0.25% that will vary depending on our credit rating. The Credit Agreement matures on August 23, 2021. As of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $76.6$76.5 million and borrowing availability of $598.4$673.5 million under the Credit Agreement.
Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by our current and future material domestic subsidiaries, subject to customary exceptions. The Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including a quarterly total leverage ratio financial maintenance covenant. The Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default and if and for so long as an event of default has occurred and is continuing, any amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement will accrue interest at an increased rate, the Lenders can terminate their commitments thereunder and payments of any outstanding amounts could be accelerated by the Lenders. As of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, we were in compliance with the total leverage ratio financial maintenance covenant.
GO Zone and IKE Zone Bonds
As of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, we had drawn all the proceeds from the issuance of the 6 ½% senior notes due 2029, 6 ¾% senior notes due 2032, 6 ½% 2035 GO Zone Senior Notes and 6 ½% 2035 IKE Zone Senior Notes. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt" in the 20152016 Form 10-K for more information on the 6 ½% senior notes due 2029, the 6 ¾% senior notes due 2032, the 6 ½% 2035 GO Zone Senior Notes and the 6 ½% 2035 IKE Zone Senior Notes. All domestic restricted subsidiaries that guarantee other debt of ours or of another guarantor of the Senior Notes in excess of $5.0 million are guarantors of these notes.
The indentures governing the Senior Notes contain customary covenants and events of default. Accordingly, these agreements generally impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us. These restrictions, among other things, provide limitations on incurrence of additional indebtedness, the payment of dividends, certain investments and acquisitions

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and sales of assets. However, the effectiveness of certain of these restrictions is currently suspended because the Senior Notes are currently rated investment grade by at least two nationally recognized credit rating agencies. The most significant of these provisions, if it were currently effective, would restrict us from incurring additional debt, except specified permitted debt (including borrowings under our credit facility), when our fixed charge coverage ratio is below 2.0:1. These limitations are subject to a number of important qualifications and exceptions, including, without limitation, an exception for the payment of our regular quarterly dividend of up to $0.10 per share. If the restrictions were currently effective, distributions in excess of $100.0 million would not be allowed unless, after giving pro forma effect to the distribution, our fixed charge coverage ratio is at least 2.0:1 and such payment, together with the aggregate amount of all other distributions after January 13, 2006, is less than the sum of 50% of our consolidated net income for the period from October 1, 2003 to the end of the most recent quarter for which financial statements have been filed, plus 100% of net cash proceeds received after October 1, 2003 as a contribution to our common equity capital or from the issuance or sale of certain securities, plus several other adjustments.
3.60% Senior Notes due 2022
The 3.60% senior notes due 2022 are unsecured and were issued with an original issue discount of $1.2 million. There is no sinking fund and no scheduled amortization of the 3.60% senior notes due 2022 prior to maturity. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt" in the 20152016 Form 10-K for more information on the 3.60% senior notes due 2022. All of our domestic subsidiaries that guarantee other indebtedness of ours or of another guarantor of the 3.60% senior notes due 2022 in excess of $5.0 million are guarantors of the 3.60% senior notes due 2022.
The indenture governing the 3.60% senior notes due 2022 contains customary events of default and covenants that will restrict our and certain of our subsidiaries' ability to (1) incur certain secured indebtedness, (2) engage in certain sale-leaseback transactions and (3) consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of our or their assets.
3.60% Senior Notes due 2026 and 5.0% Senior Notes due 2046
OnIn August 10, 2016, we completed our private offering of ourissued $750.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and $700.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes. In connection with the private offering and issuance of the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes, we entered into a registration rights agreement pursuant to which, among other things, we agreed to file with the SEC a registration statement relating to an offer to exchange the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes for the 2026 and 2046 Exchange Notes containing terms substantially identical to the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes (except that the transfer restrictions on the 2026 and 2046 Exchange Notes will be modified or eliminated and there will be no registration rights). On March 27, 2017, we commenced registered

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exchange offers to exchange the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes for new notes that are identical in all material respects to the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes, except that the offer and issuance of the new notes have been registered under the Securities Act. The exchange offers expired on April 24, 2017, and approximately 99.97% of the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and 100.00% of the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes were exchanged. The 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes are our senior obligations and are guaranteed on a senior basis by certain of our existing and future domestic subsidiaries. The 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes and guarantees are unsecured and rank equally with our existing and future senior unsecured obligations and each guarantor's existing and future senior unsecured obligations. We have entered into a registration rights agreement in which we have agreed to file an exchange offer registration statement or, under specified circumstances, a shelf registration statement, with the SEC with respectthat were not exchanged pursuant to the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes. The net proceeds from the offering were used to finance the Merger and to repay amountsexchange offers have not been registered under the term loan facility dated February 27, 2015 entered into by Axiall Holdco, Inc. (a wholly-owned subsidiarySecurities Act or any state securities laws and may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements or a transaction not subject to the registration requirements of Axiall), as the borrower, with the financial institutions party thereto. Securities Act or any state securities law.
All of our domestic subsidiaries that guarantee other indebtedness of ours or of another guarantor of the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes or the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes in excess of $40.0 million are guarantors of the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes.
The indenture governing the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes contains customary events of default and covenants that will restrict our and certain of our subsidiaries' ability to (1) incur certain secured indebtedness, (2) engage in certain sale-leaseback transactions and (3) consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of our or their assets. References to the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes in this paragraph refer to the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes that were exchanged in the exchange offers described in the preceding paragraph as well as the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes that were not exchanged in such exchange offers.
Exchange Offers4.625% Senior Notes due 2021 and 4.875% Senior Notes due 2023
OnIn September 7, 2016, we completedissued $624.8 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.625% 2021 Senior Notes and $433.8 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.875% 2023 Senior Notes upon the closing of our offers to exchange (the "Axiall Exchange Offers") any and all of the $688.0 million aggregate principal amount of the outstanding 4.625% Subsidiarysenior notes due 2021 Senior Notesissued by Eagle Spinco Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Axiall, and the $450.0 million aggregate principal amount of the outstanding 4.875% Subsidiarysenior notes due 2023 Senior Notes (togetherissued by Axiall. In connection with the 4.625% Subsidiary 2021 Senior Notes,private offering and issuance of the "Subsidiary Notes") issued by Axiall for new senior notes issued by us having the same maturity and interest rates as the Subsidiary Notes. The 4.625% Subsidiary 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% Subsidiary 2023 Senior Notes, were assumed at fair value, which resulted inwe entered into a premium on the Subsidiary Notes of $33.5 million and $15.8 million, respectively. The Axiall Exchange Offers,registration rights agreement pursuant to which, $624.8 million aggregate principal amount ofamong other things, we agreed to file with the 4.625% Subsidiary 2021 Senior Notes and $433.8 million aggregate principal amount ofSEC a registration statement relating to an offer to exchange the 4.875% Subsidiary 2023 Senior Notes were exchanged, respectively, for $624.8 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes and $433.8 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes, leaving outstanding $63.2 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.625% Subsidiary 2021 Senior Notes and $16.2 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.875% Subsidiary 2023 Senior Notes. The Subsidiary Notes are the senior unsecured obligations of Axiall and Eagle Spinco, respectively. The 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes are our senior obligationsfor new SEC registered notes (the "2021 and are guaranteed on a senior basis by certain of our

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existing and future domestic subsidiaries. The2023 Exchange Notes") containing terms substantially identical to the 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes except that the transfer restrictions on the 2021 and guarantees are unsecured2023 Exchange Notes will be modified or eliminated and rank equally with our existing and future senior unsecured obligations and each guarantor's existing and future senior unsecured obligations. We have entered into athere will be no registration rights agreement in whichrights). On March 27, 2017, we have agreedcommenced registered exchange offers to file an exchange offer registration statement or, under specified circumstances, a shelf registration statement, with the SEC with respect to the 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes. Notes for new notes that are identical in all material respects to the 4.625% 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% 2023 Senior Notes, except that the offer and issuance of the new notes have been registered under the Securities Act. The exchange offers expired on April 24, 2017, and approximately 99.97% of the 4.625% 2021 Senior Notes and 100.00% of the 4.875% 2023 Senior Notes were exchanged. The 4.625% 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% 2023 Senior Notes that were not exchanged pursuant to the exchange offers have not been registered under the Securities Act or any state securities laws and may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements or a transaction not subject to the registration requirements of the Securities Act or any state securities law.
All of our domestic subsidiaries that guarantee other indebtedness of ours or of another guarantor of the 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes or the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes in excess of $40.0 million are guarantors of the 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes.
The indenture governing the 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes contains customary events of default and covenants that will restrict our and certain of our subsidiaries' ability to (1) incur certain secured indebtedness, (2) engage in certain sale-leaseback transactions and (3) consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of our or their assets. References to the 4.625% 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% 2023 Senior Notes in this paragraph refer to the 4.625% 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% 2023 Senior Notes that were exchanged in the exchange offers described in the preceding paragraph as well as the 4.625% 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% 2023 Senior Notes that were not exchanged in such exchange offers.
Revenue Bonds
In December 1997, we entered into a loan agreement with a public trust established for public purposes for the benefit of the Parish of Calcasieu, Louisiana. The public trust issued $10.9 million principal amount of tax-exempt waste disposal revenue bonds in order to finance our construction of waste disposal facilities for an ethylene plant. The waste disposal revenue bonds expire in December 2027 and are subject to redemption and mandatory tender for purchase prior to maturity under certain conditions. Interest on the waste disposal revenue bonds accrues at a rate determined by a remarketing agent and is payable quarterly.

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Westlake Chemical Partners LP Credit Arrangements
Our subsidiary, Westlake Chemical Finance Corporation, is the lender party to a $300.0 million revolving credit facility with Westlake Chemical Partners LP ("Westlake Partners"). The revolving credit facility matures in 2018. Borrowings under the revolver bear interest at LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 2.0% to 3.0% (depending on Westlake Partners' consolidated leverage ratio), payable quarterly. Westlake Partners may pay all or a portion of the interest on any borrowings in kind, in which case any such amounts would be added to the principal amount of the loan. As of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, outstanding borrowings under the credit facility totaled $135.3 million and bore interest at the LIBOR rate plus 2.0%.
Our subsidiary, Westlake Development Corporation, is the lender party to a $600.0 million revolving credit facility with OpCo. The revolving credit facility matures in 2019. As of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, outstanding borrowings under the credit facility totaled $428.0$433.1 million and bore interest at the LIBOR rate plus 3.0%, which is accrued in arrears quarterly.
We consolidate Westlake Partners and OpCo for financial reporting purposes as we have a controlling financial interest. As such, the revolving credit facilities described above between our subsidiaries and Westlake Partners and OpCo are eliminated upon consolidation.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
None.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides safe harbor provisions for forward-looking information. Certain of the statements contained in this report are forward-looking statements. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this report that address activities, events or developments that we expect, project, believe or anticipate will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as "believes," "intends," "may," "should," "could," "anticipates," "expected" or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategies or trends. Similarly, statements made herein and elsewhere regarding our acquisition of Axiall are also forward-looking statements, including statements regarding the expected benefits of the acquisition on our future business, operations and financial performance and our ability to successfully integrate the recently acquired business. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot give any assurances that these expectations will prove to be correct. Forward-looking statements relate to matters such as:
future operating rates, margins, cash flowflows and demand for our products;products (including any changes as a result of economic growth or North American producers' competitive position);
industry market outlook, including the price of crude oil;
production capacities;

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currency devaluation;
our ability to borrow additional funds under the Credit Agreement;
our ability to meet our liquidity needs;
our ability to meet debt obligations under our debt instruments;
our intended quarterly dividends;
future capacity additions and expansions in the industry;
timing, funding and results of capital projects, such as the expansion program at our Calvert City facility;facility and the construction of the LACC plant;
results of acquisitions, including our acquisition of Axiall (including the benefits, results and effects thereof);
health of our customer base;
pension plan obligations, funding requirements and investment policies;
compliance with present and future environmental regulations and costs associated with environmentally related penalties, capital expenditures, remedial actions and proceedings, including any new laws, regulations or treaties that may come into force to limit or control carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emissions or to address other issues of climate change;
effects of pending legal proceedings; and
timing of and amount of capital expenditures.

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We have based these statements on assumptions and analyses in light of our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors we believe were appropriate in the circumstances when the statements were made. Forward-looking statements by their nature involve substantial risks and uncertainties that could significantly impact expected results, and actual future results could differ materially from those described in such statements. These statementsWhile it is not possible to identify all factors, we continue to face many risks and uncertainties. Among the factors that could cause actual future results to differ materially are subject to a number of assumptions,the risks and uncertainties including those described indiscussed under "Risk Factors" in the 20152016 Form 10-K and those described from time to time in our other filings with the SEC including, but not limited to, the following:
general economic and business conditions;
the cyclical nature of the chemical industry;
the availability, cost and volatility of raw materials and energy;
uncertainties associated with the United States, European and worldwide economies, including those due to political tensions and unrest in the Middle East, the Commonwealth of Independent States (including Ukraine) and elsewhere;
current and potential governmental regulatory actions in the United States and other countries and political unrest in other areas;
industry production capacity and operating rates;
the supply/demand balance for our products;
competitive products and pricing pressures;
instability in the credit and financial markets;
access to capital markets;
terrorist acts;
operating interruptions (including leaks, explosions, fires, weather-related incidents, mechanical failure, unscheduled downtime, labor difficulties, transportation interruptions, spills and releases and other environmental risks);
changes in laws or regulations;
technological developments;
our ability to realize anticipated benefits of the Merger and to integrate Axiall's business;
charges or other liabilities relating to the Merger;
the significant indebtedness that we have incurred in connection with the Merger;
our ability to integrate acquired businesses other than Axiall;
foreign currency exchange risks;

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our ability to implement our business strategies; and
creditworthiness of our customers.
Many of thesesuch factors are beyond our ability to control or predict. Any of the factors, or a combination of these factors, could materially affect our future results of operations and the ultimate accuracy of the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of our future performance, and our actual results and future developments may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Management cautions against putting undue reliance on forward-looking statements or projecting any future results based on such statements or present or prior earnings levels. Every forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of the particular statement, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements.


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Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Commodity Price Risk
A substantial portion of our products and raw materials are commodities whose prices fluctuate as market supply and demand fundamentals change. Accordingly, product margins and the level of our profitability tend to fluctuate with changes in the business cycle. We try to protect against such instability through various business strategies. Our strategies include ethylene feedstock flexibility and moving downstream into the olefins and vinyls products where pricing is more stable. We use derivative instruments in certain instances to reduce price volatility risk on feedstocks and products. Based on our open derivative positions at September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, a hypothetical $0.10 increase in the price of a gallon of ethane would have increased our income before taxes by $19.4$15.2 million and a hypothetical $0.10 increase in the price of a gallon of propane would have increased our income before taxes by $6.3$5.0 million. Additional information concerning derivative commodity instruments appears in Notes 14 and 15 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to interest rate risk with respect to fixed and variable rate debt. At September 30, 2016March 31, 2017, we had $485.9$260.9 million principal amount of variable rate debt outstanding. All of the debt outstanding under our current term loan facility, the Credit Agreement and our loan relating to the tax-exempt waste disposal revenue bonds are at variable rates. We do not currently hedge our variable interest rate debt, but we may do so in the future. The average variable interest rate for our variable rate debt of $485.9$260.9 million as of September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 was 2.26%2.28%. A hypothetical 100 basis point increase in the average interest rate on our variable rate debt would increase our annual interest expense by approximately $4.9$2.6 million. Also, at September 30, 2016March 31, 2017, we had $3.3 billion aggregate principal amount of fixed rate debt. We are subject to the risk of higher interest cost if and when this debt is refinanced. If interest rates were 1% higher at the time of refinancing, our annual interest expense would increase by approximately $33.4 million.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with our international operations. However, the effect of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates caused by our international operations has not had a material impact on our overall operating results. We may engage in activities to mitigate our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk in certain instances through the use of currency exchange derivative instruments, including forward exchange contracts, or spot purchases. A forward exchange contract obligates us to exchange predetermined amounts of specified currencies at a stated exchange rate on a stated date.


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Item 4.Controls and Procedures
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective with respect to (i) the accumulation and communication to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we submit under the Exchange Act, and (ii) the recording, processing, summarizing and reporting of such information within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.Legal Proceedings
The 20152016 Form 10-K, filed on February 24, 2016,22, 2017, contained a description of various legal proceedings in which we are involved, including environmental proceedings at our facilities in Calvert City.involved. See Note 2019 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a description of certain of those proceedings, which information is incorporated by reference herein.
Item 1A.Risk Factors
For a discussion of risk factors, please read Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in the 20152016 Form 10-K. The information below includes additional risks relating to our acquisition of Axiall. The risks described below and in other documents that we fileThere have been no material changes from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flow, liquidity or financial condition.
We may not realize all of the anticipated benefits of the Merger or those benefits may take longer to realize than expected. We may also encounter significant unexpected difficulties in integrating the two businesses.
Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of the Merger will depend, to a large extent, on our ability to integrate the Westlake and Axiall businesses. The combination of two independent businesses is a complex, costly and time-consuming process. As a result, we will be required to devote significant management attention and resources to integrating Axiall's business practices and operations with our existing business practices and operations. The integration process may disrupt the businesses and, if implemented ineffectively or if impacted by unforeseen negative economic or market conditions or other factors, we may not realize the full anticipated benefits of the Merger. Our failure to meet the challenges involved in integrating the two businesses to realize the anticipated benefits of the Merger could cause an interruption of, or a loss of momentum in, our activities and could adversely affect our results of operations.
In addition, the overall integration of the businesses may result in material unanticipated problems, expenses, liabilities, competitive responses, loss of customer relationships, and diversion of management's attention. The difficulties of combining the operations of the companies include, among others:
the diversion of management's attention to integration matters;
difficulties in achieving anticipated cost savings, synergies, business opportunities and growth prospects from combining Axiall's business with our business;
difficulties entering new markets or manufacturing in new geographies where we have no or limited direct prior experience;
difficulties in the integration of operations and systems;
difficulties in the assimilation of employees;
difficulties in managing the expanded operations of a significantly larger and more complex company;
successfully managing relationships with our strategic partners and our supplier and customer base;
challenges in maintaining existing, and establishing new, business relationships; and
challenges in attracting and retaining key personnel.
Many of these factors will be outside of our control and any one of them could result in increased costs, decreases in the amount of expected revenues and diversion of management's time and energy, which could materially impact the business, financial condition and our results of operations. In addition, even if the operations of our business and Axiall's business are integrated successfully, we may not realize the full benefits of the Merger, including the synergies, cost savings or sales or growth opportunities that we expect. These benefits may not be achieved within the anticipated time frame, or at all. Furthermore, additional unanticipated costs may be incurred in the integration of the businesses. All of these factors could decrease or delay the expected accretive effect of the Merger and negatively impact us. As a result, we cannot be certain that the combination of the Westlake and Axiall businesses will result in the realization of the full benefits anticipated from the Merger.

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The Merger may result in significant charges or other liabilities that could adversely affect the financial results of the combined company.
The financial results of the combined company may be adversely affected by cash expenses and non-cash accounting charges incurred in connection with our integration of the business and operations of Axiall with our existing business and operations. The amount and timing of these possible charges are not yet known. Further, our failure to identify or accurately assess the magnitude of certain liabilities that we are assuming in the Merger could result in unexpected litigation or regulatory exposure, unfavorable accounting charges, unexpected increases in taxes due, a loss of anticipated tax benefits or other adverse effects on our business, operating results or financial condition. The price of our common stock following the Merger could decline to the extent the combined company's financial results are materially affected by any of these events.
Our level of debt, including that incurred in connection with the Merger, could adversely affect our ability to operate our business.
In connection with the Merger, we substantially increased our indebtedness, which could adversely affect our ability to fulfill our obligations and have a negative impact on our financing options and liquidity position. As of September 30, 2016, our total indebtedness was $3.8 billion, and our debt represented approximately 50% of our total capitalization. Our annual interest expense for 2015 was $34.7 million, net of interest capitalized of $10.4 million. On August 10, 2016, we issued $1.45 billion aggregate principal amount of senior notes in order to finance part of the Merger consideration. On August 23, 2016, we entered into the Credit Agreement (replacing the Prior ABL Credit Agreement). On September 7, 2016, we completed the Axiall Exchange Offers, pursuant to which $624.8 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.625% Subsidiary 2021 Senior Notes and $433.8 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.875% Subsidiary 2023 Senior Notes were exchanged for $624.8 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes and $433.8 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes, respectively, leaving outstanding $63.2 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.625% Subsidiary 2021 Senior Notes and $16.2 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.875% Subsidiary 2023 Senior Notes.
Our level of debt and the limitations imposed on us by our existing or future debt agreements could have significant consequences on our business and future prospects, including the following:
a portion of our cash flow from operations will be dedicated to the payment of interest and principal on our debt and will not be available for other purposes, including the payment of dividends;
we may not be able to obtain necessary financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements or other purposes;
our less leveraged competitors could have a competitive advantage because they have greater flexibility to utilize their cash flow to improve their operations;
we may be exposed to risks inherent in interest rate fluctuations because some of our borrowings are at variable rates of interest, which would result in higher interest expense in the event of increases in interest rates;
we could be vulnerable in the event of a downturn in our business that would leave us less able to take advantage of significant business opportunities and to react to changes in our business and in market or industry conditions; and
should we pursue additional expansions of existing assets or acquisition of third party assets, we may not be able to obtain additional liquidity at cost effective interest rates.
These factors could be magnified or accelerated to the extent we were to finance future acquisitions with significant amounts of debt.
The Credit Agreement and the indenture governing the Senior Notes impose significant operating and financial restrictions, which may prevent us from capitalizing on business opportunities and taking some actions.
The Credit Agreement and the indenture governing the Senior Notes impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us. These restrictions limit our ability to:
pay dividends on, redeem or repurchase our capital stock;
make investments and other restricted payments;
incur additional indebtedness or issue preferred stock;
create liens;
permit dividend or other payment restrictions on our restricted subsidiaries;

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sell all or substantially all of our assets or consolidate or merge with or into other companies;
engage in transactions with affiliates; and
engage in sale-leaseback transactions.
These limitations are subject to a number of important qualifications and exceptions. However, the effectiveness of many of these restrictions in the indenture governing the Senior Notes is currently suspended under the indenture because the Senior Notes are currently rated investment grade by at least two nationally recognized credit rating agencies.
The Credit Agreement also requires us to maintain a quarterly total leverage ratio. These covenants may adversely affect our ability to finance future business opportunities or acquisitions. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default in respect of the related debt. If a default occurred, the relevant lenders could elect to declare the debt, together with accrued interest and other fees, to be immediately due and payable. In addition, any acceleration of debt under the Credit Agreement will constitute a default under some of our other debt, including the indenture governing the Senior Notes, the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes, the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes, the 4.625% Westlake 2021 Senior Notes and the 4.875% Westlake 2023 Senior Notes.
risk factors.
Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following table provides information on our purchase of equity securities during the quarter ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017.
Period 
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased (1)
 
Average Price
Paid Per
Share
 
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as Part
of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs (2)
 
Maximum Number
(or Approximate
Dollar Value) of
Shares that
May Yet Be
Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs (2)
July 2016 
 $
 
 $171,285,000
August 2016 16,613
 $51.91
 
 $171,285,000
September 2016 13,212
 $51.11
 
 $171,285,000
  29,825
 $51.56
 
  
Period 
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased (1)
 
Average Price
Paid Per
Share
 
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as Part
of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs (2)
 
Maximum Number
(or Approximate
Dollar Value) of
Shares that
May Yet Be
Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs (2)
January 2017 
 $
 
 $171,285,000
February 2017 19,391
 $64.01
 
 $171,285,000
March 2017 
 $
 
 $171,285,000
  19,391
 $64.01
 
  
_____________
(1)Represents shares withheld in satisfaction of withholding taxes due upon the vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock units granted to our employees under the 2013 Plan.
(2)In November 2014, our Board of Directors authorized a $250.0 million share repurchase program (the "2014 Program"). In November 2015, our Board of Directors approved the expansion of the 2014 Program by an additional $150.0 million. As of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, 4,193,598 shares of common stock had been acquired at an aggregate purchase price of approximately $228.7 million under the 2014 Program. Transaction fees and commissions are not reported in the average price paid per share in the table above. Decisions regarding the amount and the timing of purchases under the 2014 Program will be influenced by our cash on hand, our cash flow from operations, general market conditions and other factors. The 2014 Program may be discontinued by our Board of Directors at any time.
 

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Item 6.Exhibits
Exhibit No.  
   
4.1Eighth Supplemental Indenture (including the form of the Notes), dated as of August 10, 2016, among Westlake Chemical Corporation, the Guarantors (as defined therein) and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Westlake's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 10, 2016, File No. 001-32260)
4.2Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 22, 2016, to the Indenture, dated as of February 1, 2013, by and among Axiall Corporation, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Axiall's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 22, 2016, File No. 001-09753)
4.3Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 22, 2016, to the Indenture, dated as of January 28, 2013, by and among Eagle Spinco, Inc., the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Axiall's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 22, 2016, File No. 001-09753)
4.4Ninth Supplemental Indenture (including the form of the Notes) as of September 7, 2016, among Westlake Chemical Corporation, the Guarantors (as defined therein) and the Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Westlake's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 7, 2016, File No. 001-32260)
4.5Indenture dated as of September 8, 2016 by and among Westlake and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Westlake's Registration Statement on Form S-3, filed on September 8, 2016, File No. 333-213548)
10.1Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of August 10, 2016, among Westlake Chemical Corporation, the Guarantors (as defined therein) and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and Goldman Sachs & Co., as representatives of the Initial Purchasers (as defined therein) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Westlake's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 10, 2016, File No. 001-32260)
10.2Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of September 7, 2016, among Westlake Chemical Corporation, the Guarantors (as defined therein) and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and Goldman, Sachs & Co., as dealer managers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Westlake's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 7, 2016, File No. 001-32260)
10.3†Credit Agreement, dated as of August 10, 2016, by and between Bank of America, N.A. and Westlake International Holdings II C.V.
10.4Credit Agreement dated as of August 23, 2016, by and among Westlake Chemical Corporation, the other borrowers and guarantors referred to therein, the lenders from time to time party thereto, the issuing banks party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, relating to a $1 billion senior unsecured revolving credit facility (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Westlake's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 24, 2016, File No. 001-32260)
   
31.1† Rule 13a – 14(a) / 15d – 14(a) Certification (Principal Executive Officer)
   
31.2† Rule 13a – 14(a) / 15d – 14(a) Certification (Principal Financial Officer)
   
32.1# Section 1350 Certification (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer)
   
101.INS† XBRL Instance Document
   
101.SCH† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
   
101.CAL† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
   
101.DEF† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
   
101.LAB† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
   
101.PRE† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

Filed herewith.
#Furnished herewith.


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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


    WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
    
Date:November 9, 2016May 3, 2017  By: 
/S/    ALBERT CHAO        
      Albert Chao
      
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
    
Date:November 9, 2016May 3, 2017  By: 
/S/    M. STEVEN BENDER        
      M. Steven Bender
      
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No. Exhibit
4.1Eighth Supplemental Indenture (including the form of the Notes), dated as of August 10, 2016, among Westlake Chemical Corporation, the Guarantors (as defined therein) and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Westlake's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 10, 2016, File No. 001-32260)
4.2Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 22, 2016, to the Indenture, dated as of February 1, 2013, by and among Axiall Corporation, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Axiall's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 22, 2016, File No. 001-09753)
4.3Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 22, 2016, to the Indenture, dated as of January 28, 2013, by and among Eagle Spinco, Inc., the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Axiall's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 22, 2016, File No. 001-09753)
4.4Ninth Supplemental Indenture (including the form of the Notes) as of September 7, 2016, among Westlake Chemical Corporation, the Guarantors (as defined therein) and the Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Westlake's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 7, 2016, File No. 001-32260)
4.5Indenture dated as of September 8, 2016 by and among Westlake and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Westlake's Registration Statement on Form S-3, filed on September 8, 2016, File No. 333-213548)
10.1Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of August 10, 2016, among Westlake Chemical Corporation, the Guarantors (as defined therein) and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and Goldman Sachs & Co., as representatives of the Initial Purchasers (as defined therein) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Westlake's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 10, 2016, File No. 001-32260)
10.2Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of September 7, 2016, among Westlake Chemical Corporation, the Guarantors (as defined therein) and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and Goldman, Sachs & Co., as dealer managers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Westlake's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 7, 2016, File No. 001-32260)
10.3†Credit Agreement, dated as of August 10, 2016, by and between Bank of America, N.A. and Westlake International Holdings II C.V.
10.4Credit Agreement dated as of August 23, 2016, by and among Westlake Chemical Corporation, the other borrowers and guarantors referred to therein, the lenders from time to time party thereto, the issuing banks party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, relating to a $1 billion senior unsecured revolving credit facility (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Westlake's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 24, 2016, File No. 001-32260)
   
31.1† Rule 13a – 14(a) / 15d – 14(a) Certification (Principal Executive Officer)
   
31.2† Rule 13a – 14(a) / 15d – 14(a) Certification (Principal Financial Officer)
   
32.1# Section 1350 Certification (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer)
   
101.INS† XBRL Instance Document
   
101.SCH† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
   
101.CAL† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
   
101.DEF† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
   
101.LAB† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
   
101.PRE† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

Filed herewith.
#Furnished herewith.

6050