UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
______________
FORM 10-Q
______________
(Mark One)
☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 20202021
or
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period From             to             
Commission File Number:001-37789
333-112593-01

CCO Holdings, LLC
CCO Holdings Capital Corp.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware86-1067239
Delaware20-0257904
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
400 Atlantic StreetStamfordConnecticut06901
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code)
(203) 905-7801
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No oYes

Indicate by check mark whether the registrants have submitted electronically and posted on their corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrants were required to submit and post such files). Yes x No oYes

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer o    Accelerated filer o    Non-accelerated filer x    Smaller reporting company ☐     Emerging growth company ☐ 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No x

All of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of CCO Holdings Capital Corp. are held by CCO Holdings, LLC. All of the limited liability company membership interests of CCO Holdings, LLC are held by CCH I Holdings, LLC (a subsidiary of Charter Communications, Inc., a reporting company under the Exchange Act). There is no public trading market for any of the aforementioned limited liability company membership interests or shares of capital stock.

CCO Holdings, LLC and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. meet the conditions set forth in General Instruction I(1)(a) and (b) to Form 10-K and are therefore filing with the reduced disclosure format.

Number of shares of common stock of CCO Holdings Capital Corporation outstanding as of March 31, 2020:2021: 1





CCO HOLDINGS, LLCLLC.
CCO HOLDINGS CAPITAL CORP.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 20202021

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
1
for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 20192020
2
for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 20192020
3
4
5
2518
3832
3832
4034
4034
4034
S-1
E-1

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q is for the three months ended March 31, 2020.2021. The United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) allows us to “incorporate by reference” information that we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you directly to those documents. In this quarterly report, “CCO Holdings,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to CCO Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries.

i

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This quarterly report includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), regarding, among other things, our plans, strategies and prospects, both business and financial including, without limitation, the forward-looking statements set forth in the “Results of Operations” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” sections under Part I, Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this quarterly report. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations as reflected in or suggested by these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that we will achieve or realize these plans, intentions or expectations. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions including, without limitation, the factors described under “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A of our most recent Form 10-K filed with the SEC. Many of the forward-looking statements contained in this quarterly report may be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “should,” “planned,” “will,” “may,” “intend,” “estimated,” “aim,” “on track,” “target,” “opportunity,” “tentative,” “positioning,” “designed,” “create,” “predict,” “project,” “initiatives,” “seek,” “would,” “could,” “continue,” “ongoing,” “upside,” “increases,” “focused on” and “potential,” among others. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements we make in this quarterly report are set forth in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, in our annual report on Form 10-K, and in other reports or documents that we file from time to time with the SEC, and include, but are not limited to:

•the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy, our customers, our vendors, local, state and federal governmental responses to the pandemic and our businesses generally;
•our ability to sustain and grow revenues and cash flow from operations by offering Internet, video, voice, mobile, advertising and other services to residential and commercial customers, to adequately meet the customer experience demands in our service areas and to maintain and grow our customer base, particularly in the face of increasingly aggressive competition, the need for innovation and the related capital expenditures;
•the impact of competition from other market participants, including but not limited to incumbent telephone companies, direct broadcast satellite ("DBS") operators, wireless broadband and telephone providers, digital subscriber line (“DSL”) providers, fiber to the home providers and providers of video content over broadband Internet connections;
•general business conditions, unemployment levels and the level of activity in the housing sector and economic uncertainty or downturn, including the impacts of the Novel Coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic to our customers, our vendors and local, state and federal governmental responses to the pandemic;
•our ability to obtain programming at reasonable prices or to raise prices to offset, in whole or in part, the effects of higher programming costs (including retransmission consents)consents and distribution requirements);
•our ability to develop and deploy new products and technologies including mobile products and any other consumer services and service platforms;
•any events that disrupt our networks, information systems or properties and impair our operating activities or our reputation;
•the effects of governmental regulation on our business including subsidies to consumers, subsidies and incentives for competitors, costs, disruptions and possible limitations on operating flexibility related to, and our ability to comply with, regulatory conditions applicable to us as a result of the Time Warner Cable Inc. and Bright House Networks, LLC transactions;
•general business conditions, economic uncertainty or downturn, including the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic to unemployment levels and the level of activity in the housing sector;us;
•the ability to retainhire and hireretain key personnel;
•the availability and access, in general, of funds to meet our debt obligations prior to or when they become due and to fund our operations and necessary capital expenditures, either through (i) cash on hand, (ii) free cash flow, or (iii) access to the capital or credit markets; and
•our ability to comply with all covenants in our indentures and credit facilities, any violation of which, if not cured in a timely manner, could trigger a default of our other obligations under cross-default provisions.

All forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. We are under no duty or obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this quarterly report.

ii

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(dollars in millions)
March 31,
2020		December 31,
2019
(unaudited)
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents$2,660  $3,249  
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $175 and $151, respectively2,057  2,195  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets699  711  
Total current assets5,416  6,155  
INVESTMENT IN CABLE PROPERTIES:
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $28,973 and $27,595, respectively33,377  33,908  
Customer relationships, net6,955  7,453  
Franchises67,322  67,322  
Goodwill29,554  29,554  
Total investment in cable properties, net137,208  138,237  
OTHER NONCURRENT ASSETS2,464  2,351  
Total assets$145,088  $146,743  
LIABILITIES AND MEMBER’S EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities$7,628  $8,142  
Payables to related party161  298  
Current portion of long-term debt4,905  3,500  
Total current liabilities12,694  11,940  
LONG-TERM DEBT74,787  75,578  
LOANS PAYABLE - RELATED PARTY1,005  959  
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES55  55  
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES3,368  2,922  
MEMBER’S EQUITY:
Member's equity53,157  55,266  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss—  —  
Total CCO Holdings member's equity53,157  55,266  
Noncontrolling interests22  23  
Total member’s equity53,179  55,289  
Total liabilities and member’s equity$145,088  $146,743  
March 31,
2021		December 31,
2020
(unaudited)
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents$519 $710 
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $173 and $217, respectively2,352 2,503 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets435 325 
Total current assets3,306 3,538 
INVESTMENT IN CABLE PROPERTIES:
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $32,499 and $31,558, respectively33,265 33,490 
Customer relationships, net5,185 5,615 
Franchises67,322 67,322 
Goodwill29,554 29,554 
Total investment in cable properties, net135,326 135,981 
OTHER NONCURRENT ASSETS3,123 3,102 
Total assets$141,755 $142,621 
LIABILITIES AND MEMBER’S EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities$8,238 $8,243 
Payables to related party69 96 
Current portion of long-term debt1,005 1,008 
Total current liabilities9,312 9,347 
LONG-TERM DEBT83,882 81,744 
LOANS PAYABLE - RELATED PARTY1,074 1,001 
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES53 53 
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES3,238 3,268 
MEMBER’S EQUITY:
CCO Holdings member’s equity44,174 47,185 
Noncontrolling interests22 23 
Total member’s equity44,196 47,208 
Total liabilities and member’s equity$141,755 $142,621 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
1

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(dollars in millions)
Unaudited
Three Months Ended March 31,
20202019
REVENUES$11,736  $11,203  
COSTS AND EXPENSES:
Operating costs and expenses (exclusive of items shown separately below)7,452  7,242  
Depreciation and amortization2,493  2,547  
Other operating (income) expenses, net10  (4) 
9,955  9,785  
Income from operations1,781  1,418  
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES):
Interest expense, net(992) (937) 
Loss on extinguishment of debt(27) —  
Gain (loss) on financial instruments, net(318) 37  
Other pension benefits, net10  9  
Other income (expense), net11  (110) 
(1,316) (1,001) 
Income before income taxes465  417  
Income tax expense(6) (67) 
Consolidated net income$459  $350  
Three Months Ended March 31,
20212020
REVENUES$12,519 $11,736 
COSTS AND EXPENSES:
Operating costs and expenses (exclusive of items shown separately below)7,731 7,452 
Depreciation and amortization2,436 2,493 
Other operating expenses, net304 10 
10,471 9,955 
Income from operations2,048 1,781 
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES):
Interest expense, net(981)(992)
Other income (expenses), net42 (324)
(939)(1,316)
Income before income taxes1,109 465 
Income tax expense(10)(6)
Consolidated net income$1,099 $459 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
2

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN MEMBER’S EQUITY
(dollars in millions)
Unaudited
Member's EquityAccumulated Other Comprehensive LossTotal CCO Holdings Member’s EquityNoncontrolling InterestsTotal Member’s Equity
BALANCE, December 31, 2019$55,266  $—  $55,266  $23  $55,289  
Consolidated net income459  —  459  —  459  
Stock compensation expense90  —  90  —  90  
Contributions from parent27  —  27  —  27  
Distributions to parent(2,685) —  (2,685) —  (2,685) 
Distributions to noncontrolling interest—  —  —  (1) (1) 
BALANCE, March 31, 2020$53,157  $—  $53,157  $22  $53,179  
CCO Holdings Member’s EquityNoncontrolling InterestsTotal Member’s Equity
BALANCE, December 31, 2020$47,185 $23 $47,208 
Consolidated net income1,099 0 1,099 
Stock compensation expense134 0 134 
Distributions to parent(4,244)0 (4,244)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest0 (1)(1)
BALANCE, March 31, 2021$44,174 $22 $44,196 

Member's EquityAccumulated Other Comprehensive LossTotal CCO Holdings Member’s EquityNoncontrolling InterestsTotal Member’s EquityCCO Holdings Member’s EquityNoncontrolling InterestsTotal Member’s Equity
BALANCE, December 31, 2018$60,532  $(2) $60,530  $24  $60,554  
BALANCE, December 31, 2019BALANCE, December 31, 2019$55,266 $23 $55,289 
Consolidated net incomeConsolidated net income350  —  350  —  350  Consolidated net income459 0 459 
Stock compensation expenseStock compensation expense85  —  85  —  85  Stock compensation expense90 0 90 
Contributions from parentContributions from parent9  —  9  —  9  Contributions from parent27 0 27 
Distributions to parentDistributions to parent(1,040) —  (1,040) —  (1,040) Distributions to parent(2,685)0 (2,685)
Distributions to noncontrolling interestDistributions to noncontrolling interest—  —  —  (1) (1) Distributions to noncontrolling interest0 (1)(1)
BALANCE, March 31, 2019$59,936  $(2) $59,934  $23  $59,957  
BALANCE, March 31, 2020BALANCE, March 31, 2020$53,157 $22 $53,179 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(dollars in millions)
Unaudited
Three Months Ended March 31,
20202019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Consolidated net income$459  $350  
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash flows from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization2,493  2,547  
Stock compensation expense90  85  
Noncash interest income, net(12) (55) 
Other pension benefits, net(10) (9) 
Loss on extinguishment of debt27  —  
(Gain) loss on financial instruments, net318  (37) 
Deferred income taxes—  54  
Other, net(22) 107  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions and dispositions:
Accounts receivable138  154  
Prepaid expenses and other assets(93) (279) 
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other(131) (124) 
Receivables from and payables to related party(67) (106) 
Net cash flows from operating activities3,190  2,687  
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment(1,461) (1,665) 
Change in accrued expenses related to capital expenditures(388) (376) 
Other, net39  67  
Net cash flows from investing activities(1,810) (1,974) 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Borrowings of long-term debt4,339  6,884  
Repayments of long-term debt(3,589) (5,572) 
Borrowings of loans payable - related parties5  —  
Payments for debt issuance costs(41) (25) 
Contributions from parent27  9  
Distributions to parent(2,685) (1,040) 
Distributions to noncontrolling interest(1) (1) 
Other, net(24) (4) 
Net cash flows from financing activities(1,969) 251  
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS(589) 964  
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period3,249  300  
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period$2,660  $1,264  
CASH PAID FOR INTEREST$1,050  $966  
CASH PAID FOR TAXES$2  $—  
Three Months Ended March 31,
20212020
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Consolidated net income$1,099 $459 
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash flows from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization2,436 2,493 
Stock compensation expense134 90 
Noncash interest income, net(9)(12)
Other, net5 313 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions and dispositions:
Accounts receivable151 102 
Prepaid expenses and other assets(167)(57)
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other87 (131)
Receivables from and payables to related party(4)(67)
Net cash flows from operating activities3,732 3,190 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment(1,821)(1,461)
Change in accrued expenses related to capital expenditures(75)(388)
Other, net53 39 
Net cash flows from investing activities(1,843)(1,810)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Borrowings of long-term debt5,289 4,339 
Repayments of long-term debt(3,164)(3,589)
Payments for debt issuance costs(22)(41)
Borrowings of loans payable - related parties48 5 
Contributions from parent0 27 
Distributions to parent(4,244)(2,685)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest(1)(1)
Other, net14 (24)
Net cash flows from financing activities(2,080)(1,969)
NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS(191)(589)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period710 3,249 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period$519 $2,660 
CASH PAID FOR INTEREST$1,012 $1,050 
CASH PAID FOR TAXES$2 $2 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)


1.    Organization and Basis of Presentation

Organization

CCO Holdings, LLC (together with its subsidiaries, “CCO Holdings,” or the “Company”) is a leading broadband connectivity company and cable operator. Over an advanced communicationshigh-capacity, two-way telecommunications network, the Company offers a full range of state-of-the-art residential and business services including Spectrum Internet, TV, Mobile and Voice. For small and medium-sized companies, Spectrum Business® delivers the same suite of broadband products and services coupled with special features and applications to enhance productivity, while for larger businesses and government entities, Spectrum Enterprise provides highly customized, fiber-based solutions. Spectrum Reach® delivers tailored advertising and production for the modern media landscape. The Company also distributes award-winning news coverage, sports and high-quality original programming to its customers through Spectrum Networks and Spectrum Originals.

CCO Holdings is a holding company whose principal assets are the equity interests in its operating subsidiaries. CCO Holdings is a direct subsidiary of CCH I Holdings, LLC, which is an indirect subsidiary of Charter Communications, Inc. (“Charter”), Charter Communications Holdings, LLC (“Charter Holdings”) and Spectrum Management Holding Company, LLC (“Spectrum Management”). All of the outstanding capital stock of CCO Holdings Capital Corp. ("CCO Holdings Capital") is owned by CCO Holdings. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CCO Holdings and all of its subsidiaries where the underlying operations reside. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions among consolidated entities have been eliminated. Charter, Charter Holdings and Spectrum Management have performed financing, cash management, treasury and other services for CCO Holdings on a centralized basis. Changes in member’s equity in the consolidated balance sheets related to these activities have been considered cash receipts (contributions) and payments (distributions) for purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows and are reflected in financing activities.

The Company’s operations are managed and reported to its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), the Company’s chief operating decision maker, on a consolidated basis. The CEO assesses performance and allocates resources based on the consolidated results of operations. Under this organizational and reporting structure, the Company has 1 reportable segment, cable services.segment.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures typically included in CCO Holdings’the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K have been condensed or omitted for this quarterly report. The accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited and are subject to review by regulatory authorities. However, in the opinion of management, such financial statements include all adjustments, which consist of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Areas involving significant judgments and estimates include capitalization of labor and overhead costs, impairments of franchises and goodwill, pension benefits and income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the 20202021 presentation.


5

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

2.    Franchises, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Indefinite-lived and finite-lived intangible assets consist of the following as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019:2020:

March 31, 2020December 31, 2019March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying Amount
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:Indefinite-lived intangible assets:Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
FranchisesFranchises$67,322  $—  $67,322  $67,322  $—  $67,322  Franchises$67,322 $— $67,322 $67,322 $— $67,322 
GoodwillGoodwill29,554  —  29,554  29,554  —  29,554  Goodwill29,554 — 29,554 29,554 — 29,554 
Wireless spectrum licensesWireless spectrum licenses464 — 464 464 — 464 
$96,876  $—  $96,876  $96,876  $—  $96,876  $97,340 $— $97,340 $97,340 $— $97,340 
Finite-lived intangible assets:Finite-lived intangible assets:Finite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationshipsCustomer relationships$18,230  $(11,275) $6,955  $18,230  $(10,777) $7,453  Customer relationships$18,230 $(13,045)$5,185 $18,230 $(12,615)$5,615 
Other intangible assetsOther intangible assets405  (132) 273  405  (122) 283  Other intangible assets420 (169)251 420 (159)261 
$18,635  $(11,407) $7,228  $18,635  $(10,899) $7,736  $18,650 $(13,214)$5,436 $18,650 $(12,774)$5,876 

Amortization expense related to customer relationships and other intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was $440 million and 2019 was $508 million, and $578 million, respectively.

The Company expects amortization expense on its finite-lived intangible assets will be as follows:

Nine months ended December 31, 2020$1,366  
20211,599  
Nine months ended December 31, 2021Nine months ended December 31, 2021$1,162 
202220221,329  20221,332 
202320231,072  20231,075 
20242024821  2024824 
20252025575 
ThereafterThereafter1,041  Thereafter468 
$7,228  $5,436 

Actual amortization expense in future periods willcould differ from these estimates as a result of new intangible asset acquisitions or divestitures, changes in useful lives, impairments, adoption of new accounting standards and other relevant factors.

3.    InvestmentsAccounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

The Company recorded impairments on equity investmentsAccounts payable and accrued liabilities consist of approximately $110 million during the three months endedfollowing as of March 31, 2019 which were recorded in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations.2021 and December 31, 2020:

March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Accounts payable – trade$698 $737 
Deferred revenue491 436 
Accrued liabilities:
Programming costs2,074 1,940 
Labor1,066 1,370 
Capital expenditures1,121 1,227 
Interest1,057 1,083 
Taxes and regulatory fees501 523 
Operating lease liabilities212 202 
Other1,018 725 
$8,238 $8,243 


6

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

4.    Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities consist of the following as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

March 31, 2020December 31, 2019
Accounts payable – trade$694  $727  
Deferred revenue477  460  
Accrued liabilities:
Programming costs2,133  2,042  
Labor847  939  
Capital expenditures1,029  1,441  
Interest1,005  1,052  
Taxes and regulatory fees479  501  
Operating lease liabilities187  184  
Other777  796  
$7,628  $8,142  

5. Leases

Operating lease expenses were $95$102 million and $94$95 million for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively, inclusive of $32 million and $34 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019, respectively,2020 of both short-term lease costs and variable lease costs that were not included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities.

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities, recorded as operating cash flows in the statements of cash flows, were $61$69 million and $57$61 million for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively. Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations were $62$92 million and $56$62 million for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows.

March 31, 2020December 31, 2019
March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Operating lease right-of-use assets: Operating lease right-of-use assets:  Operating lease right-of-use assets:
Included within other noncurrent assets Included within other noncurrent assets  $935  $925  Included within other noncurrent assets$1,098 $1,065 
Operating lease liabilities: Operating lease liabilities:  Operating lease liabilities:
Current portion included within accounts payable and accrued liabilities Current portion included within accounts payable and accrued liabilities  $187  $184  Current portion included within accounts payable and accrued liabilities$212 $202 
Long-term portion included within other long-term liabilities Long-term portion included within other long-term liabilities  800  788  Long-term portion included within other long-term liabilities966 941 
$987  $972  $1,178 $1,143 
Weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases Weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases  6.6 years6.6 yearsWeighted average remaining lease term for operating leases6.2 years6.4 years
Weighted average discount rate for operating leases Weighted average discount rate for operating leases  4.3 %4.4 %Weighted average discount rate for operating leases3.7 %3.9 %


7

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

Maturities of lease liabilities as of March 31, 2021 are as follows.

Operating leasesOperating leases
Nine months ended December 31, 2020$166  
2021227  
Nine months ended December 31, 2021Nine months ended December 31, 2021$204 
20222022192  2022257 
20232023168  2023238 
20242024131  2024195 
20252025155 
ThereafterThereafter328  Thereafter329 
Undiscounted lease cash flow commitmentsUndiscounted lease cash flow commitments1,212  Undiscounted lease cash flow commitments1,378 
Reconciling impact from discountingReconciling impact from discounting(225) Reconciling impact from discounting(200)
Lease liabilities on consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2020$987  
Lease liabilities on consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2021Lease liabilities on consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2021$1,178 

The Company has $60$64 million and $62$63 million of finance lease liabilities recognized in the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively, included within accounts payable and accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities. The related finance lease right-of-use assets are recorded in property, plant and equipment, net. The Company’s finance leases were not considered material for further supplemental lease disclosures.

6.

7

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

5.    Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt consists of the following as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019:2020:

March 31, 2020December 31, 2019March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Principal AmountAccreted ValuePrincipal AmountAccreted ValuePrincipal AmountAccreted ValuePrincipal AmountAccreted Value
CCO Holdings, LLC:CCO Holdings, LLC:CCO Holdings, LLC:
5.250% senior notes due September 30, 20221,105  1,097  1,250  1,241  
5.125% senior notes due February 15, 2023—  —  1,000  995  
4.000% senior notes due March 1, 20234.000% senior notes due March 1, 2023500  497  500  497  4.000% senior notes due March 1, 2023$500 $498 $500 $498 
5.125% senior notes due May 1, 20231,105  1,101  1,150  1,145  
5.750% senior notes due September 1, 2023—  —  500  497  
5.750% senior notes due January 15, 2024—  —  150  149  
5.875% senior notes due April 1, 20241,700  1,691  1,700  1,690  
5.375% senior notes due May 1, 2025750  746  750  746  
5.750% senior notes due February 15, 20265.750% senior notes due February 15, 20262,500  2,472  2,500  2,471  5.750% senior notes due February 15, 20261,750 1,733 2,500 2,475 
5.500% senior notes due May 1, 20265.500% senior notes due May 1, 20261,500  1,491  1,500  1,491  5.500% senior notes due May 1, 20261,500 1,493 1,500 1,492 
5.875% senior notes due May 1, 20275.875% senior notes due May 1, 2027800  796  800  796  5.875% senior notes due May 1, 2027800 796 800 796 
5.125% senior notes due May 1, 20275.125% senior notes due May 1, 20273,250  3,223  3,250  3,222  5.125% senior notes due May 1, 20273,250 3,226 3,250 3,225 
5.000% senior notes due February 1, 20285.000% senior notes due February 1, 20282,500  2,469  2,500  2,469  5.000% senior notes due February 1, 20282,500 2,473 2,500 2,472 
5.375% senior notes due June 1, 20295.375% senior notes due June 1, 20291,500  1,501  1,500  1,501  5.375% senior notes due June 1, 20291,500 1,501 1,500 1,501 
4.750% senior notes due March 1, 20304.750% senior notes due March 1, 20303,050  3,041  3,050  3,041  4.750% senior notes due March 1, 20303,050 3,042 3,050 3,042 
4.500% senior notes due August 15, 20304.500% senior notes due August 15, 20302,750  2,750  —  —  4.500% senior notes due August 15, 20302,750 2,750 2,750 2,750 
4.250% senior notes due February 1, 20314.250% senior notes due February 1, 20313,000 3,001 3,000 3,001 
4.500% senior notes due May 1, 20324.500% senior notes due May 1, 20321,400  1,387  —  —  4.500% senior notes due May 1, 20322,900 2,928 2,900 2,928 
Charter Communications Operating, LLC:Charter Communications Operating, LLC:Charter Communications Operating, LLC:
3.579% senior notes due July 23, 20202,000  1,998  2,000  1,997  
4.464% senior notes due July 23, 20224.464% senior notes due July 23, 20223,000  2,988  3,000  2,987  4.464% senior notes due July 23, 20223,000 2,993 3,000 2,992 
Senior floating rate notes due February 1, 2024Senior floating rate notes due February 1, 2024900  902  900  902  Senior floating rate notes due February 1, 2024900 902 900 902 
4.500% senior notes due February 1, 20244.500% senior notes due February 1, 20241,100  1,093  1,100  1,093  4.500% senior notes due February 1, 20241,100 1,095 1,100 1,094 
4.908% senior notes due July 23, 20254.908% senior notes due July 23, 20254,500 4,477 4,500 4,475 
3.750% senior notes due February 15, 20283.750% senior notes due February 15, 20281,000 989 1,000 989 
4.200% senior notes due March 15, 20284.200% senior notes due March 15, 20281,250 1,242 1,250 1,241 
5.050% senior notes due March 30, 20295.050% senior notes due March 30, 20291,250 1,242 1,250 1,242 
2.800% senior notes due April 1, 20312.800% senior notes due April 1, 20311,600 1,583 1,600 1,583 
2.300% senior notes due February 1, 20322.300% senior notes due February 1, 20321,000 991 1,000 991 
6.384% senior notes due October 23, 20356.384% senior notes due October 23, 20352,000 1,983 2,000 1,983 
5.375% senior notes due April 1, 20385.375% senior notes due April 1, 2038800 786 800 786 
3.500% senior notes due June 1, 20413.500% senior notes due June 1, 20411,500 1,482 0 0 
6.484% senior notes due October 23, 20456.484% senior notes due October 23, 20453,500 3,468 3,500 3,468 
5.375% senior notes due May 1, 20475.375% senior notes due May 1, 20472,500 2,506 2,500 2,506 
5.750% senior notes due April 1, 20485.750% senior notes due April 1, 20482,450 2,392 2,450 2,392 
5.125% senior notes due July 1, 20495.125% senior notes due July 1, 20491,250 1,240 1,250 1,240 
4.800% senior notes due March 1, 20504.800% senior notes due March 1, 20502,800 2,797 2,800 2,797 
3.700% senior notes due April 1, 20513.700% senior notes due April 1, 20512,050 2,031 2,050 2,030 
3.900% senior notes due June 1, 20523.900% senior notes due June 1, 20521,000 992 0 0 
6.834% senior notes due October 23, 20556.834% senior notes due October 23, 2055500 495 500 495 
3.850% senior notes due April 1, 20613.850% senior notes due April 1, 20611,850 1,809 1,350 1,339 
Credit facilitiesCredit facilities10,081 10,015 10,150 10,081 
Time Warner Cable, LLC:Time Warner Cable, LLC:
4.000% senior notes due September 1, 20214.000% senior notes due September 1, 20211,000 1,005 1,000 1,008 
5.750% sterling senior notes due June 2, 2031 (a)
5.750% sterling senior notes due June 2, 2031 (a)
862 917 854 911 
6.550% senior debentures due May 1, 20376.550% senior debentures due May 1, 20371,500 1,667 1,500 1,668 
7.300% senior debentures due July 1, 20387.300% senior debentures due July 1, 20381,500 1,761 1,500 1,763 

8

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

4.908% senior notes due July 23, 20254,500  4,472  4,500  4,471  
3.750% senior notes due February 15, 20281,000  988  1,000  987  
4.200% senior notes due March 15, 20281,250  1,241  1,250  1,240  
5.050% senior notes due March 30, 20291,250  1,241  1,250  1,241  
6.384% senior notes due October 23, 20352,000  1,983  2,000  1,982  
5.375% senior notes due April 1, 2038800  786  800  786  
6.484% senior notes due October 23, 20453,500  3,467  3,500  3,467  
5.375% senior notes due May 1, 20472,500  2,506  2,500  2,506  
5.750% senior notes due April 1, 20482,450  2,391  2,450  2,391  
5.125% senior notes due July 1, 20491,250  1,240  1,250  1,240  
4.800% senior notes due March 1, 20502,800  2,797  2,800  2,798  
6.834% senior notes due October 23, 2055500  495  500  495  
Credit facilities10,357  10,279  10,427  10,345  
Time Warner Cable, LLC:
5.000% senior notes due February 1, 2020—  —  1,500  1,503  
4.125% senior notes due February 15, 2021700  709  700  711  
4.000% senior notes due September 1, 20211,000  1,018  1,000  1,021  
5.750% sterling senior notes due June 2, 2031 (a)
776  830  828  886  
6.550% senior debentures due May 1, 20371,500  1,673  1,500  1,675  
7.300% senior debentures due July 1, 20381,500  1,770  1,500  1,772  
6.750% senior debentures due June 15, 20391,500  1,711  1,500  1,713  
5.875% senior debentures due November 15, 20401,200  1,254  1,200  1,255  
5.500% senior debentures due September 1, 20411,250  1,258  1,250  1,258  
5.250% sterling senior notes due July 15, 2042 (b)
807  779  861  831  
4.500% senior debentures due September 15, 20421,250  1,143  1,250  1,142  
Time Warner Cable Enterprises LLC:
8.375% senior debentures due March 15, 20231,000  1,137  1,000  1,148  
8.375% senior debentures due July 15, 20331,000  1,281  1,000  1,284  
Total debt79,050  79,692  78,416  79,078  
Less current portion:
5.000% senior notes due February 1, 2020—  —  (1,500) (1,503) 
3.579% senior notes due July 23, 2020(2,000) (1,998) (2,000) (1,997) 
4.125% senior notes due February 15, 2021(700) (709) —  —  
5.250% senior notes due September 30, 2022(1,105) (1,097) —  —  
5.125% senior notes due May 1, 2023(1,105) (1,101) —  —  
Long-term debt74,140  74,787  74,916  75,578  
6.750% senior debentures due June 15, 20391,500 1,705 1,500 1,706 
5.875% senior debentures due November 15, 20401,200 1,253 1,200 1,254 
5.500% senior debentures due September 1, 20411,250 1,258 1,250 1,258 
5.250% sterling senior notes due July 15, 2042 (b)
896 866 889 859 
4.500% senior debentures due September 15, 20421,250 1,146 1,250 1,145 
Time Warner Cable Enterprises LLC:
8.375% senior debentures due March 15, 20231,000 1,092 1,000 1,104 
8.375% senior debentures due July 15, 20331,000 1,266 1,000 1,270 
Total debt84,339 84,887 82,143 82,752 
Less current portion:
4.000% senior notes due September 1, 2021(1,000)(1,005)(1,000)(1,008)
Long-term debt$83,339 $83,882 $81,143 $81,744 

(a)Principal amount includes £625 million remeasured at $776$862 million and $828$854 million as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively, using the exchange rate at the respective dates.
(b)Principal amount includes £650 million remeasured at $807$896 million and $861$889 million as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively, using the exchange rate at the respective dates.

The accreted values presented in the table above represent the principal amount of the debt adjusted for original issue discount or premium at the time of sale, deferred financing costs, and, in regards to debt assumed in acquisitions, fair value premium adjustments as a result of applying acquisition accounting plus the accretion of those amounts to the balance sheet date. However, the amount that is currently payable if the debt becomes immediately due is equal to the principal amount of the debt. In regards to the fixed-rate British pound sterling denominated notes (the “Sterling Notes”), the principal amount of the debt and any premium or discount is remeasured into US dollars as of each balance sheet date. See Note 8.7. The Company has

9

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

availability under the Charter Communications Operating, LLC ("Charter Operating") credit facilities of approximately $4.7 billion as of March 31, 2020.2021.

In February 2020, CCO HoldingsMarch 2021, Charter Operating and CCO HoldingsCharter Communications Operating Capital Corp. jointly issued $1.65$1.5 billion aggregate principal amount of 4.500%3.500% senior unsecuredsecured notes due 2030 at par and in March 2020, an additional $1.1 billion of the same series of notes were issuedJune 2041 at a price of 102.5%99.544% of the aggregate principal amount, $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 3.900% senior secured notes due June 2052 at a price of 99.951% of the aggregate principal amount and an additional $500 million aggregate principal amount of 3.850% senior secured notes due April 2061 at a price of 94.668% of the aggregate principal amount. Also in March 2020, CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. issued $1.4 billion aggregate principal amount of 4.500% senior unsecured notes due 2032 at par. The net proceeds were or will be used to pay related fees and expenses and for general corporate purposes, including repaying certain indebtedness, including repayment of all of CCO Holdings' 5.250% senior notes due September 30, 2022, 5.125% senior notes due February 15, 2023, 5.125% senior notes due May 1, 2023, 5.750% senior notes due September 1, 2023 and 5.750% senior notes due January 15, 2024, as well as distributions to the Company's parent companies to fund potential buybacks of Charter Class A common stock and Charter Holdings common units.units as well as repaying certain indebtedness, including $750 million of CCO Holdings, LLC ("CCO Holdings") 5.750% notes due February 2026. The Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $27$29 million during the three months ended March 31, 20202021 related to these transactions.

The CCO Holdings notes are senior debt obligations of CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital and rank equally with alltransactions which is recorded in in other current and future unsecured, unsubordinated obligations of CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital. They are structurally subordinated to all obligations of subsidiaries of CCO Holdings.

CCO Holdings may redeem some or all of the notes at any time at a premium. Beginning in 2028 and 2029, the optional redemption price declines to 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any.

In addition, at any time prior to varying dates in 2023, CCO Holdings may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes at a premium plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date, with theincome (expenses), net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings (as defined in the indenture); provided that certain conditions are met. In the eventconsolidated statements of specified change of control events, CCO Holdings must offer to purchase the outstanding notes from the holders at a purchase price equal to 101% of the total principal amount of the notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest.

In April 2020, Charter Operating and Charter Communications Operating Capital Corp. jointly issued $1.6 billion aggregate principal amount of 2.800% senior secured notes due April 2031 at a price of 99.561% of the aggregate principal amount and $1.4 billion aggregate principal amount of 3.700% senior secured notes due April 2051 at a price of 99.217% of the aggregate principal amount. The net proceeds will be used to pay related fees and expenses and for general corporate purposes.operations.

The Charter Operating notes are guaranteed by CCO Holdings and substantially all of the operating subsidiaries of Charter Operating. In addition, the Charter Operating notes are secured by a perfected first priority security interest in substantially all of the assets of Charter Operating and substantially all of its subsidiaries to the extent such liens can be perfected under the Uniform Commercial Code by the filing of a financing statement and the liens rank equally with the liens on the collateral securing obligations under the Charter Operating credit facilities. Charter Operating may redeem some or all of the Charter Operating notes at any time at a premium.

The Charter Operating notes are subject to the terms and conditions of the indenture governing the Charter Operating notes. The Charter Operating notes contain customary representations and warranties and affirmative covenants with limited negative covenants. The Charter Operating indenture also contains customary events of default.

In April 2021, CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. jointly issued $1.0 billion of 4.500% senior unsecured notes due 2033 at par. The net proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, including distributions to the Company's parent companies to fund potential buybacks of Charter Class A common stock and Charter Holdings common units, to repay certain indebtedness and to pay related fees and expenses.
7.

9

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)


The CCO Holdings notes are senior debt obligations of CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. and rank equally with all other current and future unsecured, unsubordinated obligations of CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. They are structurally subordinated to all obligations of subsidiaries of CCO Holdings.

CCO Holdings may redeem some or all of the notes at any time at a premium. Beginning in 2030, the optional redemption price declines to 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any.

In addition, at any time prior to 2024, CCO Holdings may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes at a premium plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date, with the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings (as defined in the indenture); provided that certain conditions are met. In the event of specified change of control events, CCO Holdings must offer to purchase the outstanding notes from the holders at a purchase price equal to 101% of the total principal amount of the notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest.

6.    Loans Payable - Related Party

Loans payable - related party as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 consists of loans from Charter Communications Holding Company, LLC (“Charter Holdco”) to the CompanyCharter Operating of $727$743 million and $699$727 million, respectively, and loans from Charter to the CompanyCharter Operating of $278$331 million and $260$274 million, respectively. Interest accrued at LIBOR plus 1.25% on the loans payable from Charter Holdco during the period ending March 31, 2020 and LIBOR plus 1.50% during the period ending December 31, 2019. Interest accrued at 2.00% on the loans payable from Charter during boththe periods ending March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019.2020.

8.7.     Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company uses derivative instruments to manage foreign exchange risk on the Sterling Notes, and does not hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative trading purposes.

10

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)


Cross-currency derivative instruments are used to effectively convert £1.275 billion aggregate principal amount of fixed-rate British pound sterling denominated debt, including annual interest payments and the payment of principal at maturity, to fixed-rate U.S. dollar denominated debt. The cross-currency swaps have maturities of June 2031 and July 2042. The Company is required to post collateral on the cross-currency derivative instruments when the derivative contracts are in a liability position. In April 2019, the Company entered into a collateral holiday agreement for 60% of both the 2031 and 2042 cross-currency swaps, which eliminates the requirement to post collateral for three years, as well as a ten year collateral cap on the remaining 40% of the cross-currency swaps which limits the required collateral posting on that 40% of the cross-currency swaps to $150 million. In March 2021, the collateral holiday for 20% of the swaps was extended to November 2022 in consideration for the Company's agreement to post collateral over a threshold amount on that 20% portion of the swaps from March 2021 through October 2021. The fair value of the Company's cross-currency derivatives was $650$121 million and $224$184 million and is included in other long-term liabilities on its consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively.

The Company’s derivative instruments are not designated as hedges and are marked to fair value each period, with the impact recorded as a gain or loss on financial instruments net in the consolidated statements of operations.operations in other expenses, net. While these derivative instruments are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes, management continues to believe such instruments are closely correlated with the respective debt, thus managing associated risk.

The effect of financial instruments onare recorded in other income (expenses), net in the consolidated statements of operations is presented inand consisted of the table below.following.
Three Months Ended March 31,
20202019
Gain (Loss) on Financial Instruments, Net:
Change in fair value of cross-currency derivative instruments$(426) $77  
Foreign currency remeasurement of Sterling Notes to U.S. dollars108  (40) 
$(318) $37  
Three Months Ended March 31,
20212020
Change in fair value of cross-currency derivative instruments$63 $(426)
Foreign currency remeasurement of Sterling Notes to U.S. dollars(15)108 
Gain (loss) on financial instruments, net$48 $(318)


9.10

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

8.    Fair Value Measurements

Accounting guidance establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements, based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date, as follows:

•Level 1 – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
•Level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
•Level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

Financial Assets and Liabilities

The Company has estimated the fair value of its financial instruments as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 using available market information or other appropriate valuation methodologies. Considerable judgment, however, is required in interpreting market data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company would realize in a current market exchange.

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, payables and other current assets and liabilities approximate fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments.

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, accounts receivable, net on the consolidated balance sheets includes approximately $344 million and $338 million of current equipment installment plan receivables, respectively, and other noncurrent assets includes approximately $168 million and $134 million of noncurrent equipment installment plan receivables, respectively.

Financial instruments accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis and classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy include the Company's cross-currency derivative instruments and were valued at $650$121 million and $224$184 million as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively.

11

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)


The estimated fair value of the Company’s senior notes and debentures as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 is based on quoted market prices in active markets and is classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy, while the estimated fair value of the Company’s credit facilities is based on quoted market prices in inactive markets and is classified within Level 2.

A summary of the carrying value and fair value of debt as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 is as follows:

March 31, 2020December 31, 2019March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Carrying ValueFair ValueCarrying ValueFair ValueCarrying ValueFair ValueCarrying ValueFair Value
Senior notes and debenturesSenior notes and debentures$69,413  $72,108  $68,733  $74,938  Senior notes and debentures$74,872 $82,191 $72,671 $84,163 
Credit facilitiesCredit facilities$10,279  $9,610  $10,345  $10,448  Credit facilities$10,015 $10,032 $10,081 $10,063 

Nonfinancial Assets and Liabilities

The Company’s nonfinancial assets such as equity-method investments, franchises, property, plant, and equipment, and other intangible assets are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis; however, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence that an impairment may exist.  When such impairments are recorded, fair values are generally classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

10. Revenues

The Company’s revenues by product line are as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31,
20202019
Internet$4,407  $4,024  
Video4,422  4,384  
Voice457  504  
Residential revenue9,286  8,912  
Small and medium business996  945  
Enterprise622  643  
Commercial revenue1,618  1,588  
Advertising sales365  345  
Mobile258  140  
Other209  218  
$11,736  $11,203  


1211

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

11.9.    Revenues

The Company’s revenues by product line are as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31,
20212020
Internet$5,086 $4,407 
Video4,344 4,422 
Voice399 457 
Residential revenue9,829 9,286 
Small and medium business1,012 996 
Enterprise638 622 
Commercial revenue1,650 1,618 
Advertising sales344 365 
Mobile492 258 
Other204 209 
$12,519 $11,736 

10.     Operating Costs and Expenses

Operating costs and expenses, exclusive of items shown separately in the consolidated statements of operations, consist of the following for the periods presented:

Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
2020201920212020
Programming Programming  $2,892  $2,865  Programming$2,988 $2,892 
Regulatory, connectivity and produced content Regulatory, connectivity and produced content  551  561  Regulatory, connectivity and produced content600 551 
Costs to service customers Costs to service customers  1,848  1,822  Costs to service customers1,804 1,848 
Marketing Marketing  766  735  Marketing751 766 
Mobile Mobile  374  260  Mobile572 374 
Other Other  1,021  999  Other1,016 1,021 
$7,452  $7,242  $7,731 $7,452 

Programming costs consist primarily of costs paid to programmers for basic, premium, digital, video on demand and pay-per-view programming. Regulatory, connectivity and produced content costs represent payments to franchise and regulatory authorities, costs directly related to providing video, Internet video and voice services as well as payments for sports, local and news content produced by the Company. Included in regulatory, connectivity and produced content costs is content acquisition costs for the Los Angeles Lakers’ basketball games and Los Angeles Dodgers’ baseball games, which are recorded as games are exhibited over the applicable season.contract period. Costs to service customers include costs related to field operations, network operations and customer care for the Company’s residential and small and medium businessSMB customers, including internal and third-party labor for the non-capitalizable portion of installations, service and repairs, maintenance, bad debt expense, billing and collection, occupancy and vehicle costs. Marketing costs represent the costs of marketing to current and potential commercial and residential customers including labor costs. Mobile costs represent costs associated with the Company's mobile service such as device and service costs, marketing, sales and commissions, retail stores, personnel costs, and taxes, among others. Other includes corporate overhead, advertising sales expenses, indirect costs associated with the Company’s enterprise business customers and regional sports and news networks, property tax and insurance expense and stock compensation expense, among others.

12.  Other Operating (Income) Expenses, Net

Other operating expenses, net consist of the following for the periods presented:

Three Months Ended March 31,
20202019
Special charges, net$19  (3) 
(Gain) loss on sale of assets, net(9) (1) 
$10  $(4) 

Special charges, net

Special charges, net primarily includes employee termination costs and net amounts of litigation settlements.

(Gain) loss on sale of assets, net

(Gain) loss on sale of assets, net represents the net (gain) loss recognized on the sales and disposals of fixed assets and cable systems.


1312

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

11.     Other Operating Expenses, Net

Other operating expenses, net consist of the following for the periods presented:

Three Months Ended March 31,
20212020
Special charges, net$257 $19 
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets, net47 (9)
$304 $10 

Special charges, net

Special charges, net primarily includes net amounts of litigation settlements, including the $220 million tentative settlement with Sprint Communications Company L.P. (“Sprint”) and T-Mobile USA, Inc. ("T-Mobile") discussed in Note 17, and employee termination costs.

(Gain) loss on disposal of assets, net

(Gain) loss on disposal of assets, net represents the net (gain) loss recognized on the sales and disposals of fixed assets and cable systems.

12.     Other Income (Expenses), Net

Other income (expenses), net consist of the following for the periods presented:

Three Months Ended March 31,
20212020
Loss on extinguishment of debt (see Note 5)$(29)$(27)
Gain (loss) on financial instruments, net (see Note 7)48 (318)
Other pension benefits, net (see Note 18)18 10 
Gain on equity investments, net5 11 
$42 $(324)

13.     Stock Compensation Plans

Charter’s stock incentive plans provide for grants of nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, dividend equivalent rights, performance units and performance shares, share awards, phantom stock, restricted stock units and restricted stock.  Directors, officers and other employees of the Company and its subsidiaries, as well as others performing consulting services for the Company, are eligible for grants under the stock incentive plans.

Charter granted the following equity awards for the periods presented.

Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
2020201920212020
Stock optionsStock options1,253,700  1,750,900  Stock options1,225,000 1,253,700 
Restricted stock unitsRestricted stock units408,300  673,700  Restricted stock units345,100 408,300 

Charter stock options and restricted stock units generally cliff vest three years from the date of grant. Certain stock options and restricted stock units vest based on achievement of stock price hurdles. Stock options generally expire ten years from the grant date and restricted stock units have no voting rights. Restricted stock generally vests one year from the date of grant.


13

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

As of March 31, 2020,2021, total unrecognized compensation remaining to be recognized in future periods totaled $307$374 million for stock options, $0.2 million for restricted stock and $358$357 million for restricted stock units and the weighted average period over which they are expected to be recognized is two years for stock options, one month for restricted stock and two years for restricted stock units.

The Company recorded stock compensation expense of $90$134 million and $85$90 million for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively, which is included in operating costs and expenses.

14.    Income Taxes

CCO Holdings is a single member limited liability company not subject to income tax. CCO Holdings holds all operations through indirect subsidiaries. The majority of these indirect subsidiaries are limited liability companies that are not subject to income tax. Charter has elected the accounting policy not to allocate income taxes to its subsidiaries that are not subject to income tax. Certain indirect subsidiaries that are required to file separate returns are subject to federal and state tax. CCO Holdings’ tax provision reflects the tax provision of the entities required to file separate returns.

Generally, the taxable income, gains, losses, deductions and credits of CCO Holdings are passed through to its indirect members, Charter and Advance/Newhouse Partnership (“A/N”). Charter is responsible for its share of taxable income or loss of CCO Holdings allocated to it in accordance with the Charter Holdings Limited Liability Company Agreement and partnership tax rules and regulations. Charter also records financial statement deferred tax assets and liabilities related to its investment, and its underlying net assets, in CCO Holdings

Holdings. The Company recorded income tax expense of $6$10 million and $67$6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively. Income tax expense decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the corresponding period in 2019 primarily as a result of an internal entity simplification that increased expense in 2019.

On March 18, 2020, the Families First Coronavirus Response Act ("FFCR Act"), and on March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act") were each enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The FFCR Act and the CARES Act contain numerous tax provisions, such as deferring payroll tax payments, establishing a credit for the retention of certain employees, relaxing limitations on the deductibility of interest, and updating the definition of qualified improvement property. This legislation currently has no material impact to income tax expense on the Company’s financial statements.

In determining the Company’s tax provision for financial reporting purposes, the Company establishes a reserve for uncertain tax positions unless such positions are determined to be “more likely than not” of being sustained upon examination, based on their technical merits. There is considerable judgment involved in making such a determination. The Company has recorded unrecognized tax benefits totaling approximately $108 million and $110$102 million, excluding interest and penalties, as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019, respectively.2020. The Company does not currently anticipate that its reserve for uncertain

14

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

tax positions will significantly increase or decrease during 2020;2021; however, various events could cause the Company’s current expectations to change in the future. These uncertain tax positions, if ever recognized in the financial statements, would be recorded in the consolidated statements of operations as part of the income tax provision.

No tax years for Charter are currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") for income tax purposes. Charter's 2016 through 20192020 tax years remain open for examination and assessment. Charter’s short period return dated May 17, 2016 (prior to the merger with Time Warner Cable Inc. ("TWC") and acquisition of Bright House Networks, LLC ("Bright House") transactions)) and prior years remain open solely for purposes of examination of Charter’s loss and credit carryforwards. The IRS is currently examining Charter Holdings’ income tax return for 2016. Charter Holdings’ 2017 through 20192020 tax years remain open for examination and assessment. The IRS is currently examining TWC’s income tax returns for 2011 through 2014. TWC’s tax year 2015 remains subject to examination and assessment. Prior to TWC’s separation from Time Warner Inc. (“Time Warner”) in March 2009, TWC was included in the consolidated U.S. federal and certain state income tax returns of Time Warner. The IRS has examined Time Warner’s 2008 through 2010 income tax returns and the results are under appeal. The Company does not anticipate that these examinations will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations. In addition, the Company is also subject to ongoing examinations of the Company’s tax returns by state and local tax authorities for various periods. Activity related to these state and local examinations did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations during the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, nor does the Company anticipate a material impact in the future.


14

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

15.     Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income equaled consolidated net income for each of the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019.2020.

16.     Related Party Transactions

The following sets forth certain transactions in which the Company and the directors, executive officers, and affiliates of the Company are involved.

Liberty Broadband and A/N

Under the terms of the Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement, with Liberty Broadband, A/N and Charter, dated May 23, 2015, the number of Charter’s directors is fixed at 13, and includes its CEO. Two designees selected by A/N are members of the board of directors of Charter and three designees selected by Liberty Broadband Corporation (“Liberty Broadband”) are members of the board of directors of Charter. The remaining eight directors are not affiliated with either A/N or Liberty Broadband. Each of A/N and Liberty Broadband is entitled to nominate at least one director to each of the committees of Charter’s board of directors, subject to applicable stock exchange listing rules and certain specified voting or equity ownership thresholds for each of A/N and Liberty Broadband, and provided that the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and the Compensation and Benefit Committee each have at least a majority of directors independent from A/N, Liberty Broadband and Charter (referred to as the “unaffiliated directors”). Each of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and the Compensation and Benefits Committee is currently comprised of three unaffiliated directors and one designee of each of A/N and Liberty Broadband. A/N and Liberty Broadband also have certain other committee designationdesignations and other governance rights. Mr. Thomas Rutledge, the Company’s CEO, is the chairman of the board of Charter.

In December 2017,2016, Charter and A/N entered into an amendment to thea letter agreement, as amended in December 2017 (the “Letter“A/N Letter Agreement”), that requires A/N to sell to Charter or to Charter Holdings, on a monthly basis, a number of shares of Charter Class A common stock or Charter Holdings common units that represents a pro rata participation by A/N and its affiliates in any repurchases of shares of Charter Class A common stock from persons other than A/N effected by Charter during the immediately preceding calendar month, at a purchase price equal to the average price paid by Charter for the shares repurchased from persons other than A/N during such immediately preceding calendar month. A/N and Charter both have the right to terminate or suspend the pro rata repurchase arrangement on a prospective basis.

In February 2021, Charter and Liberty Broadband entered into a letter agreement (the “LBB Letter Agreement”). The CompanyLBB Letter Agreement implements Liberty Broadband’s obligations under the Stockholders Agreement to participate in share repurchases by Charter. Under the LBB Letter Agreement, Liberty Broadband will sell to Charter, generally on a monthly basis, a number of shares of Charter Class A common stock representing an amount sufficient for Liberty Broadband’s ownership of Charter to be reduced such that it does not exceed the ownership cap then applicable to Liberty Broadband under the Stockholders Agreement at a purchase price per share equal to the volume weighted average price per share paid by Charter for shares repurchased during such immediately preceding calendar month other than (i) purchases from A/N, (ii) purchases in privately negotiated transactions or (iii) purchases for the withholding of shares of Charter Class A common stock pursuant to equity compensation programs of Charter.

Gregory Maffei, a director of Charter and President and CEO and director and holder of 12.6% voting interest in Liberty Broadband, is aware thatChairman of the board of directors of Qurate Retail, Inc. ("Qurate") and Dr. John Malone, a director emeritus of Charter and Chairman of the board of directors and holder of 48.8%45.8% of voting interest in Liberty Broadband, may be deemed to have a 40.9%also serves on the Qurate board of directors. As reported in SEC filings of Qurate, Mr. Maffei and Dr. Malone, Mr. Maffei has ownership of an approximate 6.3% voting interest in Qurate Retail, Inc. ("Qurate")Quarate and is on the boardDr. Malone has ownership of directors ofan approximate 41.2% voting interest in Qurate. Qurate wholly owns HSN, Inc. (“HSN”) and QVC, Inc. (“QVC”). The Company has programming relationships with HSN and QVC. For each of the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019,

15

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

the Company recorded revenue in aggregate of approximately $11 million and $12 million, respectively, from HSN and QVC as part of channel carriage fees and revenue sharing arrangements for home shopping sales made to customers in the Company’s footprint.

Dr. Malone and Mr. Steven Miron, a member of Charter’s board of directors, also serve on the board of directors of Discovery, Communications, Inc., (“Discovery”). The Company is aware thatAs reported in Discovery's SEC filings, Dr. Malone owns 1.2% of the series A common stock, 93.6% of the series B common stock and 3.6% of the series C common stock of Discovery and has a 27.9% voting interest in Discovery

15

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

for the election of directors. The Company is aware thatAs reported in Discovery's SEC filings, Advance/Newhouse Programming Partnership (“A/N PP”), an affiliate of A/N and ofin which Mr. Miron is the CEO, owns 100% of the Series A-1 preferred stock of Discovery and 100% of the Series C-1 preferred stock of Discovery and has a 23.9% voting interest for matters other than the election of directors. A/N PP also has the right to appoint three directors out of a total of twelve directors to Discovery’s board. The Company purchases programming from Discovery. Based on publicly available information, the Company does not believe that Discovery would currently be considered a related party. The amount paid in the aggregate to Discovery represents less than 2% of total operating costs and expenses for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019.2020.

Equity Investments

The Company and its parent companies have agreements with certain equity investees pursuant to which the Company has made or received related party transaction payments. The Company and its parent companies recorded payments to equity investees totaling $63$58 million and $86$63 million during the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.

17.     Contingencies

In August 2015, a purported stockholder of Charter, Matthew Sciabacucchi, filed a lawsuit in the Delaware Court of Chancery, on behalf of a putative class of Charter stockholders, challenging the transactions involving Charter, TWC, A/N, and Liberty Broadband announced by Charter on May 26, 2015. The lawsuit, which named as defendants Charter and its board of directors, alleged that the transactions resulted from breaches of fiduciary duty by Charter’s directors and that Liberty Broadband improperly benefited from the challenged transactions at the expense of other Charter stockholders. The lawsuit has proceeded to the discovery phase. Charter denies any liability, believes that it has substantial defenses, and is vigorously defending this lawsuit. Although Charter is unable to predict the outcome of this lawsuit, it does not expect the outcome will have a material effect on its operations, financial condition or cash flows.

The California Attorney General and the Alameda County, California District Attorney are investigating whether certain of Charter’s waste disposal policies, procedures and practices are in violation of the California Business and Professions Code and the California Health and Safety Code. That investigation was commenced in January 2014. A similar investigation involving TWC was initiated in February 2012. Charter is cooperating with these investigations. While the Company is unable to predict the outcome of these investigations, it does not expect that the outcome will have a material effect on its operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

On December 19, 2011, Sprint Communications Company L.P. (“Sprint”) filed a complaintpatent suit against Charter and Bright House on December 2, 2017 in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas alleging that TWC infringed certain U.S.Delaware. This suit alleges infringement of 9 patents purportedly relatingrelated to the Company's provision of Voice over Internet Protocol (“VoIP”) services. AtSprint previously sued TWC with respect to eight of these patents and obtained a final judgment of $151 million inclusive of interest and costs, which the trial, the jury returned a verdict of $140 million against TWC and further concluded that TWC had willfully infringed Sprint’s patents. The court subsequently declined to enhance the damage award as a result of the purported willful infringement and awarded Sprint an additional $6 million, representing pre-judgment interest on the damages award.Company paid in November 2019. The Company has now paid the verdict, interest and costs in full. The Company continues to pursue indemnity from one of its vendors and hasalso brought a patent suit against Sprint (TC Tech, LLC v. Sprint) in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware implicating Sprint's LTE technology.  The ultimate outcomes of the pursuit of indemnity against the Company’s vendortechnology and the TC Tech litigation cannot be predicted. The Company does not expect the outcome of its indemnity claim nor the outcome of the TC Tech litigation will have a material adverse effect on its operations or financial condition.
Sprint filed a second patentsimilar suit against Charter and Bright House Networks, LLC on December 2, 2017T-Mobile in the United States District Court for the Western District of Delaware. This suit alleges infringement of 11 patents related to the Company's provision of VoIP services (ten of which were asserted against Legacy TWC in the matter described above).

On February 18, 2020 Sprint filed a lawsuit against Charter, Bright House, and TWC in the District Court for Johnson County, Kansas. Sprint alleges that Charter misappropriated trade secrets from Sprint years ago through employees hired by Bright

16

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

House. Sprint asserts that the alleged trade secrets relate to the VoIP business of Charter and Bright House. Charter has removed this case to the United States District Court for the District of Kansas.Texas.

Sprint filed a thirdsubsequent patent suit against Charter on May 17, 2018 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. This suit alleges infringement of two patents related to the Company's video on demand services. The court transferred this case to the United States District Court for the District of Delaware on December 20, 2018 pursuant to an agreement between the parties.

On February 18, 2020, Sprint filed a lawsuit against Charter, Bright House and TWC. Sprint alleges that Charter misappropriated trade secrets from Sprint years ago through employees hired by Bright House. Sprint asserts that the alleged trade secrets relate to the VoIP business of Charter, TWC and Bright House. The case is now pending in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas.

Charter, T-Mobile and Sprint have tentatively reached a settlement of all of the foregoing suits that would result in a payment of $220 million by Charter to T-Mobile. The Company can give no assurance that this tentative settlement will be finalized. Pending finalization of the settlement and in the event the settlement is not finalized, the Company will vigorously defend these Sprint suits and prosecute the suits it has brought against T-Mobile and Sprint. While the Company is vigorously defending these suits and is unable to predict the

16

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

outcome of the Sprintthese lawsuits, the Companyit does not expect that the litigation will have a material effect on its operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

In addition to the Sprint litigation described above, the Company and its parent companies are defendants or co-defendants in several additional lawsuits involving alleged infringement of various intellectual property relating to various aspects of their businesses. Other industry participants are also defendants in certain of these cases or related cases. In the event that a court ultimately determines that the Company infringes on any intellectual property, the Company may be subject to substantial damages and/or an injunction that could require the Company or its vendors to modify certain products and services the Company offers to its subscribers, as well as negotiate royalty or license agreements with respect to the intellectual property at issue. While the Company believes the lawsuits are without merit and intends to defend the actions vigorously, no assurance can be given that any adverse outcome would not be material to the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity. The Company cannot predict the outcome of any such claims nor can it reasonably estimate a range of possible loss.

The Company and its parent companies are party to other lawsuits, claims and regulatory inquiries that arise in the ordinary course of conducting their business. The ultimate outcome of these other legal matters pending against the Company cannot be predicted, and although such lawsuits and claims are not expected individually to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, such lawsuits could have, in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. Whether or not the Company ultimately prevails in any particular lawsuit or claim, litigation can be time consuming and costly and injure the Company’s reputation.

18.     Employee Benefit Plans

The Company sponsors three qualified defined and nonqualified defined benefit pension plans and one nonqualified defined benefit pension plan that provide pension benefits to a majority of employees who were employed by TWC before the merger with TWC.
Pension benefits are based on formulas that reflect the employees’ years of service and compensation during their employment period. Actuarial gains or losses are changes in the amount of either the benefit obligation or the fair value of plan assets resulting from experience different from that assumed or from changes in assumptions. The Company has elected to follow a mark-to-market pension accounting policy for recording the actuarial gains or losses annually during the fourth quarter, or earlier if a remeasurement event occurs during an interim period. No future compensation increases or future service will be credited to participants of the pension plans given the frozen nature of the plans.

The components of net periodic pension benefit (costs) for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 20192020 are recorded in in other pension benefits,income (expenses), net in the consolidated statements of operations and consisted of the following:

Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
2020201920212020
Interest costInterest cost$(28) $(32) Interest cost$(24)$(28)
Expected return on plan assetsExpected return on plan assets38  41  Expected return on plan assets42 38 
Net periodic pension benefitsNet periodic pension benefits$10  $9  Net periodic pension benefits$18 $10 

The Company made no cash contributions to the qualified pension plans during the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019;2020; however, the Company may make discretionary cash contributions to the qualified pension plans in the future. Such contributions will be dependent on a variety of factors, including current and expected interest rates, asset performance, the

17

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

funded status of the qualified pension plans and management’s judgment. For the nonqualified unfunded pension plan, the Company will continue to make contributions during 20202021 to the extent benefits are paid.

19.    Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Accounting Standards Adopted January 1, 2020

ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”)

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13, which requires a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be assessed for impairment under the current expected credit loss model rather than an incurred loss model. The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount.  The primary financial assets of the Company in scope of ASU 2016-13 include accounts receivables and equipment installment plan notes receivables.  The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

ASU No. 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract ("ASU 2018-15")

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15 which requires upfront implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement (or hosting arrangement) that is a service contract to be amortized to hosting expense over the term of the arrangement, beginning when the module or component of the hosting arrangement is ready for its intended use. The Company adopted ASU 2018-15 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2018-15 did not have a material impact to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

ASU No. 2019-02, Improvements to Accounting for Costs of Films and License Agreements for Program Materials ("ASU 2019-02")

In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-02 which aligns the accounting for production costs of an episodic television series with the accounting for production costs of films regarding cost capitalization, amortization, impairment, presentation and disclosure. The Company adopted ASU 2019-02 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2019-02 did not have a material impact to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”)

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. ASU 2019-12 removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. ASU 2019-12 will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2019-12 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

20.    Consolidating Schedules

Each of Charter Operating, TWC, LLC, TWCE, CCO Holdings and certain subsidiaries jointly, severally, fully and unconditionally guarantee the outstanding debt securities of the others (other than the CCO Holdings notes) on an unsecured senior basis and the condensed consolidating financial information has been prepared and presented pursuant to SEC Regulation S-X Rule 3-10, Financial Statements of Guarantors and Issuers of Guaranteed Securities Registered or Being Registered. Certain Charter Operating subsidiaries that are regulated telephone entities only become guarantor subsidiaries upon approval by regulators. This information is not intended to present the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the individual companies or groups of companies in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
The “Charter Operating and Restricted Subsidiaries” column is presented to comply with the terms of the Credit Agreement.


18

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

Comprehensive income equaled consolidated net income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. Condensed consolidating financial statements as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 follow.

CCO Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets
As of March 31, 2020
Guarantor Subsidiaries
CCO HoldingsCharter Operating and Restricted SubsidiariesEliminationsCCO Holdings Consolidated
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents$200  $2,460  $—  $2,660  
Accounts receivable, net—  2,057  —  2,057  
Receivables from related party41  —  (41) —  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets—  699  —  699  
Total current assets241  5,216  (41) 5,416  
INVESTMENT IN CABLE PROPERTIES:
Property, plant and equipment, net—  33,377  —  33,377  
Customer relationships, net—  6,955  —  6,955  
Franchises—  67,322  —  67,322  
Goodwill—  29,554  —  29,554  
Total investment in cable properties, net—  137,208  —  137,208  
INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES76,925  —  (76,925) —  
LOANS RECEIVABLE – RELATED PARTY567  —  (567) —  
OTHER NONCURRENT ASSETS—  2,464  —  2,464  
Total assets$77,733  $144,888  $(77,533) $145,088  
LIABILITIES AND MEMBER’S EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities$314  $7,314  $—  $7,628  
Payables to related party—  202  (41) 161  
Current portion of long-term debt2,198  2,707  —  4,905  
Total current liabilities2,512  10,223  (41) 12,694  
LONG-TERM DEBT22,064  52,723  —  74,787  
LOANS PAYABLE – RELATED PARTY—  1,572  (567) 1,005  
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES—  55  —  55  
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES—  3,368  —  3,368  
MEMBER’S EQUITY
Controlling interest53,157  76,925  (76,925) 53,157  
Noncontrolling interests—  22  —  22  
Total member’s equity53,157  76,947  (76,925) 53,179  
Total liabilities and member’s equity$77,733  $144,888  $(77,533) $145,088  


19

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

CCO Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets
As of December 31, 2019
Guarantor Subsidiaries
CCO HoldingsCharter Operating and Restricted SubsidiariesEliminationsCCO Holdings Consolidated
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents$500  $2,749  $—  $3,249  
Accounts receivable, net—  2,195  —  2,195  
Receivables from related party59  —  (59) —  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets—  711  —  711  
Total current assets559  5,655  (59) 6,155  
INVESTMENT IN CABLE PROPERTIES:
Property, plant and equipment, net—  33,908  —  33,908  
Customer relationships, net—  7,453  —  7,453  
Franchises—  67,322  —  67,322  
Goodwill—  29,554  —  29,554  
Total investment in cable properties, net—  138,237  —  138,237  
INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES76,409  —  (76,409) —  
LOANS RECEIVABLE – RELATED PARTY545  —  (545) —  
OTHER NONCURRENT ASSETS—  2,351  —  2,351  
Total assets$77,513  $146,243  $(77,013) $146,743  
LIABILITIES AND MEMBER’S EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities$296  $7,846  $—  $8,142  
Payables to related party—  357  (59) 298  
Current portion of long-term debt—  3,500  —  3,500  
Total current liabilities296  11,703  (59) 11,940  
LONG-TERM DEBT21,951  53,627  —  75,578  
LOANS PAYABLE – RELATED PARTY—  1,504  (545) 959  
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES—  55  —  55  
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES—  2,922  —  2,922  
MEMBER’S EQUITY
Controlling interest55,266  76,409  (76,409) 55,266  
Noncontrolling interests—  23  —  23  
Total member’s equity55,266  76,432  (76,409) 55,289  
Total liabilities and member’s equity$77,513  $146,243  $(77,013) $146,743  


20

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)


CCO Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations
For the three months ended March 31, 2019
Guarantor Subsidiaries
CCO HoldingsCharter Operating and Restricted SubsidiariesEliminationsCCO Holdings Consolidated
REVENUES$—  $11,736  $—  $11,736  
COSTS AND EXPENSES:
Operating costs and expenses (exclusive of items shown separately below)—  7,452  —  7,452  
Depreciation and amortization—  2,493  —  2,493  
Other operating expense, net—  10  —  10  
—  9,955  —  9,955  
Income from operations—  1,781  —  1,781  
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES):
Interest expense, net(297) (695) —  (992) 
Loss on extinguishment of debt(27) —  —  (27) 
Loss on financial instruments, net—  (318) —  (318) 
Other pension benefits, net—  10  —  10  
Other income, net—  11  —  11  
Equity in income of subsidiaries783  —  (783) —  
459  (992) (783) (1,316) 
Income before income taxes459  789  (783) 465  
Income tax expense—  (6) —  (6) 
Consolidated net income$459  $783  $(783) $459  


21

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)


CCO Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations
For the three months ended March 31, 2019
Guarantor Subsidiaries
CCO HoldingsCharter Operating and Restricted SubsidiariesEliminationsCCO Holdings Consolidated
REVENUES$—  $11,203  $—  $11,203  
COSTS AND EXPENSES:
Operating costs and expenses (exclusive of items shown separately below)—  7,242  —  7,242  
Depreciation and amortization—  2,547  —  2,547  
Other operating income, net—  (4) —  (4) 
—  9,785  —  9,785  
Income from operations—  1,418  —  1,418  
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES):
Interest expense, net(254) (683) —  (937) 
Gain on financial instruments, net—  37  —  37  
Other pension benefits, net—  9  —  9  
Other expense, net—  (110) —  (110) 
Equity in income of subsidiaries604  —  (604) —  
350  (747) (604) (1,001) 
Income before income taxes350  671  (604) 417  
Income tax expense—  (67) —  (67) 
Consolidated net income$350  $604  $(604) $350  


22

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

CCO Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows
For the three months ended March 31, 2020
Guarantor Subsidiaries
CCO HoldingsCharter Operating and Restricted SubsidiariesEliminationsCCO Holdings Consolidated
NET CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES$(276) $3,466  $—  $3,190  
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment—  (1,461) —  (1,461) 
Change in accrued expenses related to capital expenditures—  (388) —  (388) 
Contributions to subsidiaries(4,273) —  4,273  —  
Distributions from subsidiaries4,629  —  (4,629) —  
Other, net—  39  —  39  
Net cash flows from investing activities356  (1,810) (356) (1,810) 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Borrowings of long-term debt4,177  162  —  4,339  
Repayments of long-term debt(1,858) (1,731) —  (3,589) 
Borrowings of loans payable - related parties—  5  —  5  
Payments for debt issuance costs(41) —  —  (41) 
Distributions to noncontrolling interest—  (1) —  (1) 
Contributions from parent27  4,273  (4,273) 27  
Distributions to parent(2,685) (4,629) 4,629  (2,685) 
Other, net—  (24) —  (24) 
Net cash flows from financing activities(380) (1,945) 356  (1,969) 
NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS(300) (289) —  (589) 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period500  2,749  —  3,249  
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period$200  $2,460  $—  $2,660  


23

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except where indicated)

CCO Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows
For the three months ended March 31, 2019
Guarantor Subsidiaries
CCO HoldingsCharter Operating and Restricted SubsidiariesEliminationsCCO Holdings Consolidated
NET CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES$(226) $2,913  $—  $2,687  
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment—  (1,665) —  (1,665) 
Change in accrued expenses related to capital expenditures—  (376) —  (376) 
Contribution to subsidiaries(9) —  9  —  
Distributions from subsidiaries1,266  —  (1,266) —  
Other, net—  67  —  67  
Net cash flows from investing activities1,257  (1,974) (1,257) (1,974) 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Borrowings of long-term debt—  6,884  —  6,884  
Repayments of long-term debt—  (5,572) —  (5,572) 
Payments for debt issuance costs—  (25) —  (25) 
Distributions to noncontrolling interest—  (1) —  (1) 
Contributions from parent9  9  (9) 9  
Distributions to parent(1,040) (1,266) 1,266  (1,040) 
Other, net—  (4) —  (4) 
Net cash flows from financing activities(1,031) 25  1,257  251  
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—  964  —  964  
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period—  300  —  300  
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period$—  $1,264  $—  $1,264  


2417

Item 2.     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

General

CCO Holdings, LLC (“CCO Holdings”) is a holding company whose principal assets are the equity interests in its operating subsidiaries. CCO Holdings is a direct subsidiary of CCH I Holdings, LLC (“CCH I”), which is an indirect subsidiary of Charter Communications, Inc. (“Charter”), Charter Communications Holdings, LLC (“Charter Holdings”) and Spectrum Management Holding Company, LLC. All of the outstanding capital stock of CCO Holdings Capital Corp. ("CCO Holdings Capital") is owned by CCO Holdings. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CCO Holdings and all of its subsidiaries where the underlying operations reside. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions among consolidated entities have been eliminatedeliminated.

We are a leading broadband connectivity company and cable operator serving more than 2931 million customers in 41 states through itsour Spectrum brand. Over an advanced communicationshigh-capacity, two-way telecommunications network, we offer a full range of state-of-the-art residential and business services including Spectrum Internet, TV, Mobile and Voice. For small and medium-sized companies, Spectrum Business® delivers the same suite of broadband products and services coupled with special features and applications to enhance productivity, while for larger businesses and government entities, Spectrum Enterprise provides highly customized, fiber-based solutions. Spectrum Reach® delivers tailored advertising and production for the modern media landscape. We also distribute award-winning news coverage, sports and high-quality original programming to our customers through Spectrum Networks and Spectrum Originals.

Overview

AsIn the COVID-19first quarters of both 2021 and 2020, the Novel Coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic develops andhas significantly impacts the United States, we have continued to deliver services uninterrupted by the pandemic. Because we have invested significantly inimpacted how our network and through normal course capacity increases, we expect to be able to continue to respond to the significant increase in network activity from the private and public response to COVID-19. Our front-line service infrastructure in call centers and field operations is experiencing higher service transaction volume and is performing well although we have seen increased wait times for customer calls to our call centers. Much of that increase in activity is being driven by increased demand for our connectivity services to residential, healthcare, government and educational customers. The response to our Remote Education Offer ("REO") pursuant to which new customers with students or educators in the household are eligible to receive our Internet service for free for 60 days has generated 119,000 new Internet accounts in March, while new connects for our residential Internet services, when excluding the REO, were also up in March as compared to March 2019. We are also participating in the Federal Communications Commission's ("FCC") Keep Americans Connected pledge, pausing collection efforts and related disconnects for residential and small and medium business customers with COVID-19 related payment challenges. In addition, we have offered a seasonal plan at reduced rates to small and medium business customers that have temporarily closed or because these customers have reduced their service offerings to their own customers ("SMB Seasonal Plan"). As we do our part as a major provider of Internet services in the United States by, among other things, enabling social distancing through telecommuting and e-learning across our footprint of 41 states, we are focused on promoting the health and safety of our employees and customers. We have invested significantly in our self-service infrastructure, and we are seeing an accelerated adoption by customers of our self-installation and digital self-service capabilities.

However, we cannot predict the ultimate impact of COVID-19 on our business, including the depth and duration of the economic impact to our residential and business customers’ ability to pay foruse our products and services, including the impact of extended unemployment benefitshow they interact with us, and other stimulus packageshow our employees work and what assistance we may provide services to our customers. In addition, there is uncertainty regardingDuring the impactfirst quarter of government emergency declarations,2021, customer activity levels remained below normal which contributed to lower operating expense from reduced service transactions and significantly lower bad debt, however, we expect those trends to slowly return to pre-COVID-19 levels throughout 2021 as the ability of our supplierseconomy reopens and vendors to provide products and services to us, the pace of new housing construction, changes in business spend in our local and national ad sales business, the effects to our employees’ health and safety and resulting reorientation of our worknormal activities and the risk of limitations on the deployment and maintenance of our services (including by limiting our customer support and on-site service repairs and installations).resume.

Although the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be predicted, we remain focused on driving customer relationship growth by deploying superior products and services packaged with attractive pricing. Further, we expect to continue to drive customer relationship growth through sales of bundled services and improving customer retention despite the expectation for continued losses of video and wireline voice customers. With the completion of our all-digital conversion, roll-out of DOCSIS 3.1 technology across our footprint, and the integration of TWC and Bright House substantially complete, we expect continued lower cable capital intensity in 2020.


25

Our Spectrum Mobile service is offered to customers subscribing to our Internet service and runs on Verizon'sVerizon Communications Inc.'s ("Verizon") mobile network combined with Spectrum WiFi. In March 2020, we launched 5G service offerings and we expect that, along with broader availability of our Spectrum Mobile bring-your-own-device program, to contribute to the growth of our mobile business. We also continue to explore ways to drive even more mobile traffic to our network. We intend to use Citizens Broadband Radio Service (“CBRS”) Priority Access Licenses (“PALs”) we purchased in 2020, along with unlicensed CBRS spectrum to build our own 5G mobile network which we plan to use in combination with our mobile virtual network operator (“MVNO”) reseller agreement with Verizon and WiFi network in conjunction with additional unlicensed,to enhance the customer’s experience and potentially licensed, spectrum to improve network performance and expand capacity to offer consumers a superior mobile service at a lower totalour cost to us. Further, we have experimental wireless licenses from the FCC that we are utilizing to test next generation mobile services in several service areas around the country.structure.

We believe Spectrum-branded mobile services will drive higher sales of our core products, create longer customer lives and increase profitability and cash flow over time. As a result of growth costs associated with our new mobile product line, we cannot be certain that we will be able to grow revenues or maintain our margins at recent historical rates. During the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, our mobile product line increased revenues by $258$492 million and $140$258 million, respectively, reduced Adjusted EBITDA by approximately $116$80 million and $120$116 million, respectively, and reduced free cash flow by approximately $184 million and $260 million, respectively. Primarily as a result of growth-related sales and $291 million, respectively. Asmarketing and other customer acquisition costs for mobile services, and depending on the pace of that growth, we expect mobile Adjusted EBITDA will continue to grow our mobile service and scale the business, webe negative. We also expect continuedto continue to see negative impacts to Adjusted EBITDA, as well as negative working capital impactsfree cash flow from the timing of device-related cash flows when we sell the handset or tabletdevices to customers pursuant to equipment installment plans.plans and capital expenditures related to retail store and CBRS build-out.

18


We realized revenue, Adjusted EBITDA and income from operations during the periods presented as follows (in millions; all percentages are calculated using whole numbers. Minor differences may exist due to rounding):

Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
20202019% Change20212020% Change
RevenuesRevenues$11,736  $11,203  4.8 %Revenues$12,519 $11,736 6.7 %
Adjusted EBITDAAdjusted EBITDA$4,374  $4,046  8.1 %Adjusted EBITDA$4,922 $4,374 12.5 %
Income from operationsIncome from operations$1,781  $1,418  25.6 %Income from operations$2,048 $1,781 14.8 %

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as consolidated net income plus net interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock compensation expense, (gain) loss on financial instruments, net, other pension (benefits) costs, other (income) expense,expenses, net and other operating (income) expenses, net, such as special charges and (gain) loss on sale or retirement of assets. See “—Use of Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow” for further information on Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow. 

Growth in total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the corresponding prior period was primarily due to growth in our residential Internet mobile and commercial businessmobile customers. Adjusted EBITDA and income from operations growth was impacted by growth in revenue and increases in operating costsreduced service transactions and expenses, primarily mobile, marketing and programming. Income from operations was also affected by a decrease in depreciation and amortization expense.lower bad debt.


2619

The following table summarizes our customer statistics for Internet, video, mobilevoice and voicemobile as of March 31, 20202021 and 20192020 (in thousands except per customer data and footnotes).

Approximate as ofApproximate as of
March 31,March 31,
2020 (a)
2019 (a)
2021 (a)
2020 (a)
Customer Relationships (b)
Customer Relationships (b)
Customer Relationships (b)
ResidentialResidential27,745  26,591  Residential29,361 27,745 
Small and Medium Business1,976  1,863  
Small and Medium Business ("SMB")Small and Medium Business ("SMB")2,071 1,976 
Total Customer RelationshipsTotal Customer Relationships29,721  28,454  Total Customer Relationships31,432 29,721 
Residential Primary Service Units (“PSU”)
Monthly Residential Revenue per Residential Customer (c)
Monthly Residential Revenue per Residential Customer (c)
$112.18 $112.73 
Monthly SMB Revenue per SMB Customer (d)
Monthly SMB Revenue per SMB Customer (d)
$163.79 $168.83 
InternetInternet25,471  24,023  Internet
ResidentialResidential27,357 25,471 
SMBSMB1,877 1,775 
Total Internet CustomersTotal Internet Customers29,234 27,246 
VideoVideo15,550  15,952  Video
ResidentialResidential15,483 15,550 
SMBSMB579 524 
Total Video CustomersTotal Video Customers16,062 16,074 
VoiceVoice9,360  10,015  Voice
Monthly Residential Revenue per Residential Customer (c)
$112.73  $112.47  
Small and Medium Business PSUs
Internet1,775  1,664  
Video524  509  
Voice1,162  1,072  
Monthly Small and Medium Business Revenue per Customer (d)
$168.83  $170.64  
ResidentialResidential9,113 9,360 
SMBSMB1,238 1,162 
Total Voice CustomersTotal Voice Customers10,351 10,522 
Mobile LinesMobile Lines1,372  310  Mobile Lines
ResidentialResidential2,605 1,359 
SMBSMB70 13 
Total Mobile LinesTotal Mobile Lines2,675 1,372 
Enterprise PSUs (e)
269  253  
Enterprise Primary Service Units ("PSUs") (e)
Enterprise Primary Service Units ("PSUs") (e)
276269 


(a)
(a)We calculate the aging of customer accounts based on the monthly billing cycle for each account. On that basis, as of March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, customers include approximately 140,800125,100 and 171,100140,800 customers, respectively, whose accounts were over 60 days past due, approximately 12,50026,500 and 19,50012,500 customers, respectively, whose accounts were over 90 days past due and approximately 8,20020,000 and 20,8008,200 customers, respectively, whose accounts were over 120 days past due. As detailedIncluded in the table below, our customer counts include thoseMarch 31, 2021 aging statistics are approximately 26,900 residential voice customers who connected as part of our Remote Education Offer and those customers who wethat would have notbeen disconnected inunder our normal timelines associated with our Keep Americans Connected pledge.collection policies, but were not due to certain state mandates in place.
(b)Customer relationships include the number of customers that receive one or more levels of service, encompassing Internet, video and voice services, without regard to which service(s) such customers receive. Customers who reside in residential multiple dwelling units (“MDUs”) and that are billed under bulk contracts are counted based on the number of billed units within each bulk MDU. Total customer relationships exclude enterprise and mobile-only customer relationships.
(c)Monthly residential revenue per residential customer is calculated as total residential Internet, video and voice quarterly revenue divided by three divided by average residential customer relationships during the respective quarter. Monthly residential revenue per residential customersquarter and excludes mobile revenue and customers.
(d)Monthly small and medium businessSMB revenue per SMB customer is calculated as total small and medium businessSMB quarterly revenue divided by three divided by average small and medium businessSMB customer relationships during the respective quarter. Monthly smallquarter and medium business revenue per small and medium customer excludes mobile revenue and customers.
(e)Enterprise PSUs represent the aggregate number of fiber service offerings counting each separate service offering at each customer location as an individual PSU.


2720

The table above includes the impact on ending customers of COVID-19 related offers and programs launched by us in the first quarter of 2020 as follows (in thousands).

Remote Education Offer (a)
Keep Americans Connected (b)
Small and Medium Business Seasonal Plan (c)
Total
Residential
Customer Relationships119  1  n/a  120  
Internet PSUs119  1  n/a  120  
Video PSUs46  
(d)
1  n/a  47  
Voice PSUs34  
(d)
—  n/a  34  
Mobile Lines3  
(d)
—  n/a  3  
Small and Medium Business
Customer Relationshipsn/a  —  5  5  
Internet PSUsn/a  —  4  4  
Video PSUsn/a  —  2  2  
Voice PSUsn/a  —  3  3  
Mobile Linesn/a  —  —  —  

(a)The REO represents residential customers participating in our free 60-day Internet offer available to households with K-12 and/or college students or educators who are not currently Spectrum Internet customers. These residential customers are generally eligible to purchase additional products and services (i.e., video, voice and mobile) at current promotional rates.
(b)As part of our pledge to the FCC, Keep Americans Connected customers represents customers who would have been disconnected by quarter end as a result of non-payment under our normal policies, but were not disconnected and collection efforts paused due to COVID-19 related payment challenges. As of quarter end, approximately 140,000 residential customers had requested protection from disconnection under the pledge of which 1,000 would have been disconnected for non-payment under our normal policies. At the end of April, 36,000 of those 140,000 customers’ outstanding balance is now fully current, and in total nearly 50% have made partial or full payments since entering disconnection protection. However, at the end of April, 67,000 of those 140,000 customers now have past due balances beyond the point of normal disconnection.
(c)Small and Medium Business Seasonal Plan represents small and medium business customers who have requested a reduced level of service and now pay a reduced price for their service due to temporary business closure or because these customers have reduced their service offering to their own customers.
(d)Customers that connected as part of the REO who have subscribed to products in addition to Spectrum Internet (i.e., video, voice, mobile) during the 60-day free Internet offer. Billings are not deferred for these additional services. Approximately 5,000 and 1,000 of the REO customers were current video and voice customers, respectively.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

For a discussion of our critical accounting policies and the means by which we develop estimates therefore, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 20192020 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes from the critical accounting policies described in our Form 10-K.


28

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth the consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented (dollars in millions):

Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
2020201920212020
RevenuesRevenues$11,736  $11,203  Revenues$12,519 $11,736 
Costs and Expenses:Costs and Expenses:Costs and Expenses:
Operating costs and expenses (exclusive of items shown separately below)Operating costs and expenses (exclusive of items shown separately below)7,452  7,242  Operating costs and expenses (exclusive of items shown separately below)7,731 7,452 
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization2,493  2,547  Depreciation and amortization2,436 2,493 
Other operating (income) expenses, net10  (4) 
Other operating expenses, netOther operating expenses, net304 10 
9,955  9,785  10,471 9,955 
Income from operationsIncome from operations1,781  1,418  Income from operations2,048 1,781 
Other Income (Expenses):Other Income (Expenses):Other Income (Expenses):
Interest expense, netInterest expense, net(992) (937) Interest expense, net(981)(992)
Loss on extinguishment of debt(27) —  
Gain (loss) on financial instruments, net(318) 37  
Other pension benefits, net10  9  
Other income (expense), net11  (110) 
Other income (expenses), netOther income (expenses), net42 (324)
(1,316) (1,001) (939)(1,316)
Income before income taxesIncome before income taxes465  417  Income before income taxes1,109 465 
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense(6) (67) Income tax expense(10)(6)
Consolidated net incomeConsolidated net income$459  $350  Consolidated net income$1,099 $459 

Revenues. Total revenues grew $533$783 million for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 compared to the corresponding period in 20192020 primarily due to increases in the number of residential Internet and commercial businessmobile customers and price adjustments as well as an increase in our mobile service offset by a decrease in video customers.adjustments.
Revenues by service offering were as follows (dollars in millions; all percentages are calculated using whole numbers. Minor differences may exist due to rounding):

Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
20202019% Change20212020% Change
InternetInternet$4,407  $4,024  9.5 %Internet$5,086 $4,407 15.4 %
VideoVideo4,422  4,384  0.9 %Video4,344 4,422 (1.8)%
VoiceVoice457  504  (9.4)%Voice399 457 (12.6)%
Residential revenueResidential revenue9,286  8,912  4.2 %Residential revenue9,829 9,286 5.8 %
Small and medium businessSmall and medium business996  945  5.4 %Small and medium business1,012 996 1.6 %
EnterpriseEnterprise622  643  (3.2)%Enterprise638 622 2.5 %
Commercial revenueCommercial revenue1,618  1,588  1.9 %Commercial revenue1,650 1,618 2.0 %
Advertising salesAdvertising sales365  345  5.7 %Advertising sales344 365 (5.8)%
MobileMobile258  140  85.0 %Mobile492 258 90.7 %
OtherOther209  218  (4.5)%Other204 209 (2.1)%
$11,736  $11,203  4.8 %$12,519 $11,736 6.7 %


2921

The increase in Internet revenues from our residential customers is attributable to the following (dollars in millions):

Three months ended
March 31, 20202021
compared to
three months ended
March 31, 20192020
Increase / (Decrease)
Increase in average residential Internet customers$225358 
Increase related to rate, product mix and bundle allocation changes321 158 
$383679 

Residential Internet customers grew by 1,448,0001,886,000 customers from March 31, 20192020 to March 31, 2020 of which 119,000 were added pursuant to the REO program.2021. The increase related to rate, product mix and bundle allocation changes was primarily due to price adjustments including annual increases, promotional roll-off.roll-off and higher bundled revenue allocation.

Video revenues consist primarily of revenues from basic and digital video services provided to our residential customers, as well as franchise fees, equipment service fees and video installation revenue. The increasedecrease in video revenues is attributable to the following (dollars in millions):

Three months ended
March 31, 20202021
compared to
three months ended
March 31, 20192020
Increase / (Decrease)
IncreaseDecrease related to rate, product mix and bundle allocation changes$178 
Decrease in average residential video customers(47)(126)
Decrease in video on demand and pay-per-view(20)
(14)Decrease in installation(10)
Decrease in average residential video customers(1)
$38 (78)

The increasedecrease related to rate, product mix and bundle allocation changes was primarily due to a higher mix of lower cost video packages within our video customer base and lower bundled revenue allocation, partly offset by price adjustments including annual increases and promotional roll-off partly offset by a higher mix of streaming and lighter video packages within our video customer base.roll-off. Residential video customers decreased by 402,00067,000 from March 31, 20192020 to March 31, 2020.2021.

The decrease in voice revenues from our residential customers is attributable to the following (dollars in millions):

Three months ended
March 31, 20202021
compared to
three months ended
March 31, 20192020
Increase / (Decrease)
Decrease related to rate and bundle allocation changes$(47)
Decrease in average residential voice customers(11)
$(34)
Decrease related to rate changes(58)(13)
$(47)

The decrease related to rate and bundle allocation changes was impacted by value-based pricing and changes in bundled revenue allocations. Residential wireline voice customers decreased by 655,000247,000 customers from March 31, 20192020 to March 31, 2020. The decrease related to rate changes was primarily due to value-based pricing.2021.

3022


The increase in small and medium businessSMB commercial revenues is attributable to the following (dollars in millions):

Three months ended
March 31, 20202021
compared to
three months ended
March 31, 20192020
Increase / (Decrease)
Increase in small and medium businessSMB customers$6247 
Decrease related to rate and product mix changes(31)(11)
$5116 

Small and medium businessSMB customers grew by 113,00095,000 from March 31, 20192020 to March 31, 2020.2021. The decrease related to rate and product mix changes was primarily due to value-based pricing related to Spectrum pricing and packaging ("SPP"), and some continuing COVID-19 related seasonal plans, net of promotional roll-off and price adjustments.

Enterprise revenues decreased $21increased $16 million during the three months ended March 31, 20202021, respectively, compared to the corresponding period in 20192020 primarily due to the sale of non-strategic assetsan increase in the third quarter of 2019Internet and video enterprise PSUs offset by growth in customers.lower wholesale PSUs. Enterprise PSUs increased 16,0007,000 from March 31, 20192020 to March 31, 2020.2021.

Advertising sales revenues consist primarily of revenues from commercial advertising customers, programmers and other vendors, as well as local cable and advertising on regional sports and news channels. Advertising sales revenues increased $20decreased $21 million during the three months ended March 31, 20202021 as compared to the corresponding period in 20192020 primarily due to an increasea decrease in political revenue, partially offset by lower local ad revenues due to COVID-19.higher advanced advertising.

During the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, mobile revenues represented approximately $131$228 million and $116$131 million of device revenues, respectively, and approximately $127$264 million and $24$127 million of service revenues, respectively. AsThe increases in revenues are a result of increases in the number of mobile lines from 1,372,000 as of March 31, 2020 we had 1,372,000to 2,675,000 mobile lines.lines as of March 31, 2021.

Other revenues consist of revenue from regional sports and news channels (excluding intercompany charges or advertising sales on those channels), home shopping, late payment fees, video device sales, wire maintenance fees and other miscellaneous revenues. Other revenues decreased $9$5 million during the three months ended March 31, 20202021 compared to the corresponding period in 20192020 primarily due to a decrease in home security revenue, late payment fees andoffset by an increase in regional sports and news channels revenue offset by the sale of video devices.revenue.

Operating costs and expenses. The increasesincrease in our operating costs and expenses, exclusive of items shown separately in the consolidated statements of operations, are attributable to the following (dollars in millions):

Three months ended
March 31, 20202021
compared to
three months ended
March 31, 20192020
Increase / (Decrease)
Programming$2796 
Regulatory, connectivity and produced content49 (10)
Costs to service customers(44)26 
Marketing(15)31 
Mobile198 114 
Other(5)22 
$210279 

Programming costs were approximately $3.0 billion and $2.9 billion, representing 39% of total operating costs and expense for both the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019, representing 39% and 40% of total operating costs and expenses,2020, respectively. Programming costs consist primarily of costs paid to programmers for basic, digital, premium, video on demand, and pay-per-view programming. The increase in programmingProgramming costs is primarilyincreased as a result of contractual rate adjustments, including renewals and increases in amounts paid for retransmission consent offset by a

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consents partly offset byhigher mix of lower cost video customers, pay-per-view and nonrecurring benefits.packages within our video customer base. We expect programming rates per customer will continue to increase due to a variety of factors, including annual increases imposed by programmers with additional selling power as a result of media and broadcast station groups consolidation, increased demands by owners of broadcast stations for payment for retransmission consent or linking carriage of other services to retransmission consent, and additional programming, particularly new services.programming. We have been unable to fully pass these increases on to our customers and do not expect to be able to do so in the future without a potential loss of customers.

Regulatory, connectivity and produced content decreased $10increased $49 million during the three months ended March 31, 20202021, respectively, compared to the corresponding period in 20192020 primarily due to lower regulatory pass-through feeshigher sports rights costs as a result of more basketball games during the three months ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the corresponding period in 2020 as the prior period had postponement of games and sports and news rights fees driven by fewerthe current period had additional games due to COVID-19 postponements offset by higher original programming costs and coststhe delayed start of video devices sold to customers.the 2020 - 2021 NBA season as a result of COVID-19.

Costs to service customers increased $26decreased $44 million during the three months ended March 31, 20202021 compared to the corresponding period in 20192020 primarily due to highera decrease in bad debt expense. Bad debt expense increased due to higher expected losses as a result of COVID-19, recognizedlower write-offs and higher recoveries enhanced by the stimulus packages offset by higher labor costs resulting from our commitment to a minimum $20 per hour wage in accordance2022, along with the new credit loss accounting standard. For more information, see Note 19 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 1. Financial Statements”.5.8% customer growth.

Mobile costs of $374$572 million and $260$374 million for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively, were comprised of mobile device costs and mobile service, customer acquisition and operating costs. The increase is attributable to an increase in the number of mobile lines.

The increasedecrease in other expense is attributable to the following (dollars in millions):

Three months ended
March 31, 20202021
compared to
three months ended
March 31, 20192020
Increase / (Decrease)
Corporate costs$14 (30)
Advertising sales expense(17)
11 Property tax and insurance(6)
Stock compensation expense44 5 
Enterprise2 (23)
Other2 15 
$22 (5)

EnterpriseCorporate costs decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the corresponding prior period primarily due to a non-recurring adjustment to bonuses related to COVID-19. Advertising sales expense decreased due to lower cost of sales fees driven by lower revenue, as well as lower bad debt. Stock compensation expense increased during the salethree months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the corresponding period in 2020 primarily due to changes in certain equity award provisions that result in additional expense at the time of non-strategic assets in the third quarter of 2019.grant.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $54$57 million during the three months ended March 31, 20202021 compared to the corresponding period in 20192020 primarily due to a decrease in depreciation and amortization as certain assets acquired in acquisitions become fully depreciated offset by an increase in depreciation as a result of more recent capital expenditures.


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Other operating (income) expenses, net. The change in other operating (income) expenses, net is attributable to the following (dollars in millions):

Three months ended
March 31, 20202021
compared to
three months ended
March 31, 20192020
Increase / (Decrease)
Special charges, net$22238 
(Gain) loss on saledisposal of assets, net56 (8)
$14294 

See Note 11 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 1. Financial Statements” for more information.

Interest expense, net. Net interest expense decreased by $11 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the corresponding period in 2020. The decrease in net interest expense is the result of reductions in weighted average interest rates offset by an increase in weighted average debt outstanding of approximately $4.6 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the corresponding period in 2020. The increase in weighted average debt outstanding is primarily due to the issuance of notes throughout 2020 and 2021 for general corporate purposes including distributions to parent companies for stock buybacks and debt repayments.

Other income (expenses), net. The change in other income (expenses), net is attributable to the following (dollars in millions):

Three months ended
March 31, 2021
compared to
three months ended
March 31, 2020
Increase / (Decrease)
Loss on extinguishment of debt$(2)
Gain (loss) on financial instruments, net366 
Other pension benefits, net8 
Gain on equity investments, net(6)
$366 

See Note 12 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 1. Financial Statements” for more information.


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Interest expense, net. Net interest expense increased by $55 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the corresponding period in 2019 primarily as a result of an increase in weighted average debt outstanding of approximately $4.5 billion primarily due to the issuance of notes throughout 2019 and 2020 for general corporate purposes including distributions to parent companies for stock buybacks and debt repayments offset by a reduction in weighted average interest rates.

Loss on extinguishment of debt. Loss on extinguishment of debt of $27 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 represents losses recognized as a result of the purchase of CCO Holdings notes. For more information, see Note 6 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 1. Financial Statements.”

Gain (loss) on financial instruments, net. We recorded a loss on financial instruments of $318 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and a gain of $37 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Gains and losses on financial instruments are primarily recognized due to changes in the fair value of our cross-currency derivative instruments and the foreign currency remeasurement of the fixed-rate British pound sterling denominated notes (the “Sterling Notes”) into U.S. dollars. For more information, see Note 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 1. Financial Statements.”

Other pension benefits, net. Net other pension benefits increased by $1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the corresponding period in 2019. For more information, see Note 18 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 1. Financial Statements.”

Other income (expense), net. Other income (expense), net primarily represents equity gains (losses) on our equity investments. Other income (expense), net also includes an impairment on equity investments of approximately $110 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Income tax expense. We recognized income tax expense of $6$10 million and $67$6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively. Income tax expense decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the corresponding period in 2019 primarily as a result of an internal entity simplification that increased expense in 2019.For more information, see Note 14 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 1. Financial Statements.”

Consolidated net income. Consolidated net income increased from $350 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 to $459 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 to $1.1 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2021 primarily as a result of the factors described above.

Use of Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow

We use certain measures that are not defined by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") to evaluate various aspects of our business. Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow are non-GAAP financial measures and should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, consolidated net income and net cash flows from operating activities reported in accordance with GAAP. These terms, as defined by us, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow are reconciled to consolidated net income and net cash flows from operating activities, respectively, below.


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Adjusted EBITDA eliminates the significant non-cash depreciation and amortization expense that results from the capital-intensive nature of our businesses as well as other non-cash or special items, and is unaffected by our capital structure or investment activities. However, this measure is limited in that it does not reflect the periodic costs of certain capitalized tangible and intangible assets used in generating revenues and our cash cost of financing. These costs are evaluated through other financial measures.

Free cash flow is defined as net cash flows from operating activities, less capital expenditures and changes in accrued expenses related to capital expenditures.

Management and Charter’s board of directors use Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow to assess our performance and our ability to service our debt, fund operations and make additional investments with internally generated funds. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA generally correlates to the leverage ratio calculation under our credit facilities or outstanding notes to determine compliance with the covenants contained in the facilities and notes (all such documents have been previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)). For the purpose of calculating compliance with leverage covenants, we use Adjusted EBITDA, as presented, excluding certain expenses paid by our operating subsidiaries to other

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Charter entities. Our debt covenants refer to these expenses as management fees, which were $311$277 million and $300$311 million for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.

Three Months Ended March 31,
20202019
Consolidated net income$459  $350  
Plus: Interest expense, net992  937  
Income tax expense6  67  
Depreciation and amortization2,493  2,547  
Stock compensation expense90  85  
Loss on extinguishment of debt27  —  
(Gain) loss on financial instruments, net318  (37) 
Other pension benefits, net(10) (9) 
Other, net(1) 106  
Adjusted EBITDA$4,374  $4,046  
Net cash flows from operating activities$3,190  $2,687  
Less: Purchases of property, plant and equipment(1,461) (1,665) 
Change in accrued expenses related to capital expenditures(388) (376) 
Free cash flow$1,341  $646  
A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow to consolidated net income and net cash flows from operating activities, respectively, is as follows (dollars in millions).

Three Months Ended March 31,
20212020
Consolidated net income$1,099 $459 
Plus: Interest expense, net981 992 
Income tax expense10 6 
Depreciation and amortization2,436 2,493 
Stock compensation expense134 90 
Other expenses, net262 334 
Adjusted EBITDA$4,922 $4,374 
Net cash flows from operating activities$3,732 $3,190 
Less: Purchases of property, plant and equipment(1,821)(1,461)
Change in accrued expenses related to capital expenditures(75)(388)
Free cash flow$1,836 $1,341 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Introduction

This section contains a discussion of our liquidity and capital resources, including a discussion of our cash position, sources and uses of cash, access to credit facilities and other financing sources, historical financing activities, cash needs, capital expenditures and outstanding debt.

Recent Events

In February 2020, CCO HoldingsMarch 2021, Charter Communications Operating, LLC ("Charter Operating") and CCO HoldingsCharter Communications Operating Capital Corp. jointly issued $1.65$1.5 billion aggregate principal amount of 4.500%3.500% senior unsecuredsecured notes due 2030 at par and in March 2020, an additional $1.1 billion of the same series of notes were issuedJune 2041 at a price of 102.5%99.544% of the aggregate principal amount, $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 3.900% senior secured notes due June 2052 at a price of 99.951% of the aggregate principal amount and an additional $500 million aggregate principal amount of 3.850% senior secured notes due April 2061 at a price of 94.668% of the aggregate principal amount. Also in March 2020, CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. issued $1.4 billion aggregate principal amount of 4.500% senior unsecured notes due 2032 at par. The net proceeds were or will be used to pay related fees and expenses and for general corporate purposes, including distributions to parent companies to fund

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buybacks of Charter Class A common stock and Charter Holdings common units as well as repaying certain indebtedness, including repayment of all$750 million of CCO Holdings' 5.250% senior notes due September 30, 2022, 5.125% seniorHoldings, LLC 5.750% notes due February 15, 2023, 5.125%2026.

In April 2021, CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. jointly issued $1.0 billion of 4.500% senior unsecured notes due May 1, 2023, 5.750% senior notes due September 1, 2023 and 5.750% senior notes due January 15, 2024, as well as2033 at par. The net proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, including distributions to our parent companies to fund potential buybacks of Charter Class A common stock and Charter Holdings common units.

In April 2020, Charter Operatingunits, to repay certain indebtedness and Charter Communications Operating Capital Corp. jointly issued $1.6 billion aggregate principal amount of 2.800% senior secured notes due April 2031 at a price of 99.561% of the aggregate principal amount and $1.4 billion aggregate principal amount of 3.700% senior secured notes due April 2051 at a price of 99.217% of the aggregate principal amount. The net proceeds will be used to pay related fees and expenses and for general corporate purposes.expenses.

Overview of Our Contractual Obligations and Liquidity

We have significant amounts of debt. The principal amount of our debt as of March 31, 20202021 was $79.1$84.3 billion, consisting of $10.4$10.1 billion of credit facility debt, $44.3$50.8 billion of investment grade senior secured notes and $24.4$23.5 billion of high-yield senior unsecured notes. Our business requires significant cash to fund principal and interest payments on our debt. 

Our projected cash needs and projected sources of liquidity depend upon, among other things, our actual results, and the timing and amount of our expenditures. As we continue to grow our mobile services, we expect an initial funding period to grow a new product as well as negative working capital impacts from the timing of device-related cash flows when we sell the handset or

34

tabletdevices to customers pursuant to equipment installment plans. Free cash flow was $1.3$1.8 billion and $646 million$1.3 billion for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively. See table below for factors impacting free cash flow during the three months ended March 31, 20202021 compared to the corresponding prior period. As of March 31, 2020,2021, the amount available under our credit facilities was approximately $4.7 billion and cash on hand was approximately $2.7 billion.$519 million. We expect to utilize free cash flow, cash on hand and availability under our credit facilities as well as future refinancing transactions to further extend the maturities of our obligations. The timing and terms of any refinancing transactions will be subject to market conditions among other considerations. Additionally, we may, from time to time, and depending on market conditions and other factors, use cash on hand and the proceeds from securities offerings or other borrowings to retire our debt through open market purchases, privately negotiated purchases, tender offers or redemption provisions. We believe we have sufficient liquidity from cash on hand, free cash flow and Charter Operating’s revolving credit facility as well as access to the capital markets to fund our projected cash needs.

We continue to evaluate the deployment of our cash on hand and anticipated future free cash flow including to invest in our business growth and other strategic opportunities, including mergers and acquisitions as well as distributions to our parent companies for stock repurchases and dividends. Charter's target leverage of net debt to the last twelve months Adjusted EBITDA remains at 4 to 4.5 times Adjusted EBITDA, and up to 3.5 times Adjusted EBITDA at the Charter Operating first lien level. Our leverage ratio was 4.4 times Adjusted EBITDA as of March 31, 2020.2021. As Adjusted EBITDA grows, we expect to increase the total amount of our indebtedness to maintain leverage within Charter's target leverage range. During the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, Charter purchased approximately 4.54.7 million and 2.64.5 million shares, respectively, of Charter Class A common stock, respectively, for approximately $3.0 billion and $2.2 billion, and $870respectively. Since the beginning of its buyback program in September 2016 through March 31, 2021, Charter has purchased approximately 92.4 million respectively.shares of Class A common stock for approximately $37.6 billion, excluding purchases by Liberty Broadband Corporation (“Liberty Broadband”) discussed below.

In December 2017,2016, Charter and Advance/Newhouse Partnership (“A/NN”) entered into an amendment to thea letter agreement, as amended in December 2017 (the "Letter"A/N Letter Agreement"), that requires A/N to sell to Charter or to Charter Holdings, on a monthly basis, a number of shares of Charter Class A common stock or Charter Holdings common units that represents a pro rata participation by A/N and its affiliates in any repurchases of shares of Charter Class A common stock from persons other than A/N effected by Charter during the immediately preceding calendar month, at a purchase price equal to the average price paid by Charter for the shares repurchased from persons other than A/N during such immediately preceding calendar month. A/N and Charter both have the right to terminate or suspend the pro rata repurchase arrangement on a prospective basis. During each of the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, Charter Holdings purchased from A/N 0.8 million and 0.3 million Charter Holdings common units, respectively, for approximately $507 million and $393 million, respectively.

In February 2021, Charter and Liberty Broadband entered into a letter agreement (the “LBB Letter Agreement”). The LBB Letter Agreement implements Liberty Broadband’s obligations under the Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement with Charter, Liberty Broadband and A/N, dated as of May 23, 2015 (as amended, the “Stockholders Agreement”) to participate in share repurchases by Charter. Under the LBB Letter Agreement, Liberty Broadband will sell to Charter, generally on a monthly basis, a number of shares of Charter Class A common stock representing an amount sufficient for Liberty Broadband’s ownership of Charter to be reduced such that it does not exceed the ownership cap then applicable to Liberty Broadband under the Stockholders Agreement at ana purchase price per share equal to the volume weighted average price per unitshare paid by Charter

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for shares repurchased during such immediately preceding calendar month other than (i) purchases from A/N, (ii) purchases in privately negotiated transactions or (iii) purchases for the withholding of $494.54 and $308.42, or $393 million and $93 million, duringshares of Charter Class A common stock pursuant to equity compensation programs of Charter. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively.2021, Charter purchased from Liberty Broadband 0.8 million shares of Charter Class A common stock for approximately $518 million. In April 2021, the Company purchased from Liberty Broadband an additional 0.7 million shares of Charter Class A common stock for approximately $460 million.

As of March 31, 2020,2021, Charter had remaining board authority to purchase an additional $286 million$1.2 billion of Charter’s Class A common stock and/or Charter Holdings common units. Although Charter expects to continue to buy back its common stock consistent with its leverage target range, Charter is not obligated to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and the timing of any purchases that may occur cannot be predicted and will largely depend on market conditions and other potential uses of capital. Purchases may include open market purchases, tender offers or negotiated transactions. To the extent such purchases occur, CCO Holdings and its subsidiaries are the primary source for funding such purchases through distributions to their parent companies.

As possible acquisitions, swaps or dispositions arise, we actively review them against our objectives including, among other considerations, improving the operational efficiency, geographic clustering of assets, product development or technology capabilities of our business and achieving appropriate return targets, and we may participate to the extent we believe these possibilities present attractive opportunities. However, there can be no assurance that we will actually complete any acquisitions, dispositions or system swaps, or that any such transactions will be material to our operations or results.


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Free Cash Flow

Free cash flow increased $695$495 million during the three months ended March 31, 20202021 compared to the corresponding prior period in 20192020 due to the following (dollars in millions).

Three months ended
March 31, 20202021
compared to
three months ended
March 31, 20192020
Increase / (Decrease)
Increase in Adjusted EBITDA$328548 
Changes in working capital, excluding change in accrued interest288 
Decrease in capital expenditures515 204 
IncreaseDecrease in cash paid for interest, net29 
(86)Increase in capital expenditures(360)
Other, net(237)(39)
$695495 

Free cash flow was reduced by $260$184 million and $291$260 million during the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively, due to mobile with impacts negatively affecting working capital, capital expenditures and Adjusted EBITDA.

Financial Information about Guarantors, Issuers of Guaranteed Securities, Affiliates Whose Securities Collateralize a Registrant’s Securities and Consolidated Subsidiaries

Each of CCO Holdings, Charter Operating, Time Warner Cable, LLC and Time Warner Cable Enterprises LLC (collectively, the “Issuers”) and substantially all of Charter Operating’s direct and indirect subsidiaries (the “Obligor Subsidiaries” and together with the Issuers, collectively, the “Obligor Group” and each an “Obligor”) jointly, severally, fully and unconditionally guarantee the outstanding debt securities of the respective Issuers (other than the CCO Holdings unsecured notes) and Charter Operating’s credit facilities on a senior basis (collectively, the “Guaranteed and Secured Debt”). Such guarantees are pari passu in right of payment with all senior indebtedness of the guarantors and senior in right of payment to subordinated obligations of the guarantors. Each guarantee will be limited to the maximum amount that can be guaranteed by the relevant guarantor without rendering the relevant guarantee, as it relates to that guarantor, voidable or otherwise ineffective or limited under applicable law, and enforcement of each guarantee would be subject to certain generally available defenses. The Guaranteed and Secured Debt is structurally subordinated to the creditors (including trade creditors) and preference shareholders (if any) of Charter Operating’s non-guarantor subsidiaries.


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The Guaranteed and Secured Debt and the subsidiary guarantees thereof are also secured by (i) a lien on substantially all of the assets of Charter Operating and the Obligor Subsidiaries, to the extent such lien can be perfected under the Uniform Commercial Code by the filing of a financing statement, and (ii) a pledge of substantially all of the equity interests of subsidiaries owned by Charter Operating or the Obligor Subsidiaries (the “Pledged Equity Interests”), as well as intercompany obligations owing to it by any of such entities ((i) and (ii) collectively, the “Collateral”). In addition, payments of a mortgage note, currently outstanding for approximately $327 million, incurred by a single-asset special purpose entity to finance construction of the first building of the new Charter headquarters in Stamford, Connecticut are guaranteed by the Obligor Group and rank equally with the liens on the Collateral securing the Guaranteed and Secured Debt. No assets of any of Charter Operating’s non-guarantor subsidiaries (including any capital stock owned by any such subsidiary) will constitute Collateral. The subsidiary guarantees are effectively senior to all unsecured debt or debt secured by a junior liens of the subsidiary guarantors, in each case to the extent of the value of the collateral securing the guarantee obligations of the subsidiary guarantors. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default under the Guaranteed and Secured Debt, subject to the terms of an intercreditor agreement, the security documents governing the Guaranteed and Secured Debt provide for (among other available remedies) the foreclosure upon and sale of the Collateral by the collateral agent(s) of the respective Guaranteed and Secured Debt and the distribution of the net proceeds of any such sale to the holders and/or the lenders of the Guaranteed and Secured Debt on a pro rata basis, subject to any prior liens on the Collateral. We believe there is no separate trading market for the Pledged Equity Interests.

Certain Charter Operating subsidiaries that are regulated entities are only designated as guarantor subsidiaries, and certain related assets (including the capital stock of such regulated entities) are only required to be pledged as Collateral, upon approval by regulators. The guaranteed obligations and collateral of an Obligor Subsidiary (including Pledged Equity Interests) may be released under certain circumstances permitted under the documentation governing the Guaranteed and Secured Debt, including if an Obligor Subsidiary no longer qualifies as a “Subsidiary” of Charter Operating under transactions not prohibited by the Charter Operating credit agreement.

See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements contained in our 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further details about the terms, conditions and other factors that may affect payments to holders and the collateral arrangements of the Guaranteed and Secured Debt.

Because the assets, liabilities and results of operations of the combined Obligor Group are not materially different than corresponding amounts presented in the consolidated financial statements of CCO Holdings, summarized financial information of the Obligor Group have been omitted pursuant to SEC Regulation S-X Rule 13-01, Financial Statements of Guarantors and Issuers of Guaranteed Securities Registered or Being Registered and S-X Rule 13-02, Affiliates Whose Securities Collateralize Securities Registered Or Being Registered. The information below is being presented to comply with the terms of the Charter Operating credit agreement. This information is not intended to present the financial position and results of operations, cash flow of the individual companies or groups of companies in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

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CCO HoldingsCharter Operating and Consolidated SubsidiariesCCO HoldingsCharter Operating and Consolidated Subsidiaries
March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Balance Sheet Data:
Current assets$— $3,306 $100 $3,438 
Receivables from related party$33 $— $43 $— 
Noncurrent assets$— $138,449 $— $139,083 
Loans receivables to related party$579 $— $567 $— 
Current liabilities$289 $8,954 $347 $8,904 
Payable to related party$— $102 $— $139 
Noncurrent liabilities$23,441 $63,732 $24,180 $60,885 
Loans payable to related party$— $1,653 $— $1,568 
Noncontrolling interests$— $22 $— $23 
Three Months Ended March 31,
20212020
Statement of Operations Data:
Revenue$— $12,519 $— $11,736 
Income from operations$— $2,048 $— $1,781 
Net income$1,099 $1,425 $459 $783 
Statement of Cash Flows Data:
Net cash flows from operating activities$(354)$4,086 $(276)$3,466 
Net cash flows from investing activities$5,369 $(1,843)$356 $(1,810)
Net cash flows from financing activities$(5,115)$(2,334)$(380)$(1,945)

Limitations on Distributions

Distributions by us and our subsidiaries to a parent company for payment of principal on parent company notes are restricted CCO Holdings under indentures and Charter Operating credit facilities governing our indebtedness, unless there is no default under the applicable indenture and credit facilities, and unless each applicable subsidiary’sentity’s leverage ratio test is met at the time of such distribution. As of March 31, 2020,2021, there was no default under any of these indentures or credit facilities, and each subsidiaryapplicable entity met its applicable leverage ratio tests based on March 31, 20202021 financial results. There can be no assurance that they will satisfy these tests at the time of the contemplated distribution. Distributions by Charter Operating for payment of principal on parent company (CCO Holdings) notes are further restricted by the covenants in its credit facilities.

However, without regard to leverage, during any calendar year or any portion thereof during which the borrower is a flow-through entity for tax purposes, and so long as no event of default exists, the borrower may make distributions to the equity interests of the borrower in an amount sufficient to make permitted tax payments.

In addition to the limitation on distributions under the various indentures, distributions by our subsidiaries may be limited by applicable law, including the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, under which our subsidiaries may only make distributions if they have “surplus” as defined in the act.

Historical Operating, Investing, and Financing Activities

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash.Equivalents. We held $2.7 billion$519 million and $3.2 billion$710 million in cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively.


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Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operating activities increased $503$542 million during the three months ended March 31, 20202021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019,2020, primarily due to an increase in Adjusted EBITDA of $328 million and changes in working capital, excluding the change in accrued interest and accrued expenses related to capital expenditures, that used $300 million less cash offset by an increase in cash paid for interest, net of $86 million and cash paid for taxes, net of $25$548 million.

Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities was $1.8 billion and $2.0 billion forincreased $33 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The decrease in cash used was primarily due to a decreasean increase in capital expenditures offset by lower changes in accrued expenses related to capital expenditures.

Financing Activities. Net cash used in financing activities was $2.1 billion and $2.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, and net cash provided by financing activities was $251 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.respectively. The increase in cash used was primarily due to an increase in distributions to parent companies and a decreaseoffset by an increase in the amount by which borrowings of long-term debt exceeded repayments.

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Capital Expenditures

We have significant ongoing capital expenditure requirements.  Capital expenditures were $1.5$1.8 billion and $1.7$1.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.  The decreaseincrease was primarily due to loweran increase in scalable infrastructure as a result of timing of spend and lower customer premise equipment expenditures driven by aaugmentation of network capacity for customer growth and usage, with incremental spending to reclaim network headroom maintained prior to COVID-19, and higher mix of boxless video outlets, increasing customer self-installations and fewer SPP migrations.line extensions driven by continued network expansion, including to rural areas. See the table below for more details.
 
We currently expect 20202021 cable capital expenditures, excluding Rural Digital Opportunity Fund ("RDOF") investments which will begin later this year, to declinebe relatively consistent as a percentage of cable revenue versus 2019.2020. The actual amount of our capital expenditures in 20202021 will depend on a number of factors including further spend related to product development and growth rates of both our residential and commercial businesses.

Our capital expenditures are funded primarily from cash flows from operating activities and borrowings on our credit facility. In addition, our accrued liabilities related to capital expenditures decreased by $388$75 million and $376$388 million for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.

The following tables present our major capital expenditures categories in accordance with National Cable and Telecommunications Association (“NCTA”) disclosure guidelines for the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019.2020. These disclosure guidelines are not required disclosures under GAAP, nor do they impact our accounting for capital expenditures under GAAP (dollars in millions):

Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
2020201920212020
Customer premise equipment (a)Customer premise equipment (a)$463  $565  Customer premise equipment (a)$489 $463 
Scalable infrastructure (b)Scalable infrastructure (b)170  297  Scalable infrastructure (b)411 170 
Line extensions (c)Line extensions (c)343  321  Line extensions (c)399 343 
Upgrade/rebuild (d)Upgrade/rebuild (d)129  131  Upgrade/rebuild (d)145 129 
Support capital (e)Support capital (e)356  351  Support capital (e)377 356 
Total capital expendituresTotal capital expenditures$1,461  $1,665  Total capital expenditures$1,821 $1,461 
Capital expenditures included in total related to:Capital expenditures included in total related to:Capital expenditures included in total related to:
Commercial servicesCommercial services$333 $261 
MobileMobile$87  $88  Mobile$112 $87 
Commercial services$261  $305  

(a)Customer premise equipment includes costs incurred at the customer residence to secure new customers and revenue generating units, including customer installation costs and customer premise equipment (e.g., set-top boxesdigital receivers and cable modems).
(b)Scalable infrastructure includes costs not related to customer premise equipment, to secure growth of new customers and revenue generating units, or provide service enhancements (e.g., headend equipment).
(c)Line extensions include network costs associated with entering new service areas (e.g., fiber/coaxial cable, amplifiers, electronic equipment, make-ready and design engineering).
(d)Upgrade/rebuild includes costs to modify or replace existing fiber/coaxial cable networks, including betterments.

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(e)Support capital includes costs associated with the replacement or enhancement of non-network assets due to technological and physical obsolescence (e.g., non-network equipment, land, buildings and vehicles).

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

SeeFor a discussion of our recently issued accounting policies, see Note 1921 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 1. Financial Statements” for a discussion ofour 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes from the recently issued accounting standards.policies described in our Form 10-K.


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Item 3.     Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We use derivative instruments to manage foreign exchange risk on the Sterling Notes, and do not hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative trading purposes.

Cross-currency derivative instruments are used to effectively convert £1.275 billion aggregate principal amount of fixed-rate British pound sterling denominated debt, including annual interest payments and the payment of principal at maturity, to fixed-rate U.S. dollar denominated debt. The cross-currency derivative instruments have maturities of June 2031 and July 2042. We are required to post collateral on the cross-currency derivative instruments when such instruments are in a liability position. In April 2019, we entered into a collateral holiday agreement for 60% of both the 2031 and 2042 cross-currency swaps, which eliminates the requirement to post collateral for three years, as well as a ten year collateral cap on the remaining 40% of the cross-currency swaps which limits the required collateral posting on that 40% of the cross-currency swaps to $150 million. In March 2021, the collateral holiday for 20% of the swaps was extended to November 2022 in consideration for our agreement to post collateral over a threshold amount on that 20% portion of the swaps from March 2021 through October 2021. For more information, see Note 87 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 1. Financial Statements.”

As of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the weighted average interest rate on credit facility debt was approximately 2.6%1.7% and 3.3%1.7%, respectively, and the weighted average interest rate on the senior notes was approximately 5.3%5.0% and 5.4%5.1%, respectively, resulting in a blended weighted average interest rate of 5.0%4.6% and 5.1%4.7%, respectively. The interest rate on approximately 86%87% of the total principal amount of our debt was effectively fixed as of March 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019.2020.

The table set forth below summarizes the fair values and contract terms of financial instruments subject to interest rate risk maintained by us as of March 31, 20202021 (dollars in millions).

20202021202220232024ThereafterTotalFair Value20212022202320242025ThereafterTotalFair Value
Debt:Debt:Debt:
Fixed-RateFixed-Rate$2,000  $1,700  $4,105  $2,605  $2,800  $54,583  $67,793  $71,223  Fixed-Rate$1,000 $3,000 $1,500 $1,100 $4,500 $62,258 $73,358 $81,267 
Average Interest RateAverage Interest Rate3.58 %4.05 %4.68 %6.16 %5.33 %5.45 %5.33 %Average Interest Rate4.00 %4.46 %6.92 %4.50 %4.91 %5.11 %5.08 %
Variable RateVariable Rate$207  $277  $277  $436  $1,165  $8,895  $11,257  $10,494  Variable Rate$208 $277 $436 $1,165 $5,320 $3,575 $10,981 $10,956 
Average Interest RateAverage Interest Rate1.73 %1.60 %1.72 %1.82 %2.09 %2.28 %2.20 %Average Interest Rate1.50 %1.60 %2.09 %2.83 %3.23 %3.99 %3.31 %

Interest rates on variable-rate debt are estimated using the average implied forward LIBOR for the year of maturity based on the yield curve in effect at March 31, 20202021 including applicable bank spread.

Item 4.     Controls and Procedures.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our design and operation of disclosure controls and procedures with respect to the information generated for use in this quarterly report. The evaluation was based upon reports and certifications provided by a number of executives. Based on, and as of the date of that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurances that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.


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In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based upon the evaluation, we believe that our controls provide such reasonable assurances.

In January 2020, we completed the implementation of an Enterprise Resource Planning ("ERP") system and related boundary systems which improved the efficiency of certain financial and related transactional processes. As a result of the implementation of a new ERP and related boundary systems, we designed, implemented and are operating new information technology general controls, and revised and updated certain process-level controls.


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Except as described above in the preceding paragraph, duringDuring the quarter ended March 31, 2020,2021, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.     Legal Proceedings.

See Note 17 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 1. Financial Statements” for Legal Proceedings.

Item 1A.     Risk Factors.

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20192020 includes "Risk Factors" under Item 1A of Part I. There have been no material changes from the updated risk factors described in our Form 10-K except as indicated below.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic could materially affect our financial condition and results of operations.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased economic and demand uncertainty. It is likely that the current pandemic or continued spread of COVID-19 will cause a significant economic recession. At this time, we cannot predict the duration of any business disruption and the ultimate impact of COVID-19 on our business, including the depth and duration of the economic impact to our residential and business customers’ ability to pay for our products and services including the impact of extended unemployment benefits and other stimulus packages and what assistance we may provide to our customers. In addition, there is uncertainty regarding the impact of government emergency declarations, the ability of our suppliers and vendors to provide products and services to us, the pace of new housing construction, changes in business spend in our local and national ad sales business, the effects to our employees’ health and safety and resulting reorientation of our work activities, and the risk of limitations on the deployment and maintenance of our services (including by limiting our customer support and on-site service repairs and installations). The degree to which COVID-19 impacts our results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the outbreak, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume.10-K.

Item 6.     Exhibits.

See Exhibit Index.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, CCO Holdings, LLC and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. hashave duly caused this quarterly report to be signed on their behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

CCO HOLDINGS, LLC
Registrant
By:/s/ Kevin D. Howard
Kevin D. Howard
Date: May 4, 20203, 2021Executive Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller
CCO HOLDINGS CAPITAL CORP.
Registrant
By:/s/ Kevin D. Howard
Kevin D. Howard
Date: May 4, 20203, 2021Executive Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller


S-1


Exhibit Index
ExhibitDescription
  
10.1
ThirdLetter Agreement, dated as of February 23, 2021, between Charter Communications, Inc. and Liberty Broadband Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on February 24, 2021).
10.2
Nineteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 18, 2020,March 4, 2021, among Charter Communications Operating, LLC, Charter Communications Operating Capital Corp., as issuers, CCO Holdings, LLC, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on March 4, 2021).
10.3
Form of 3.500% Senior Secured Notes due 2041 (included in Exhibit 10.2).
10.4
Form of 3.900% Senior Secured Notes due 2052 (included in Exhibit 10.2).
10.5
Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 22, 2021, among CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings Capital Corp. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on February 21, 2020)April 27, 2021).
10.2 10.6
Form of 4.500% Senior Notes due 20302033 (included in Exhibit 10.1 hereto)10.5).
10.3 10.7
Exchange and Registration Rights Agreement, dated February 18, 2020,April 22, 2021, relating to the 4.500% Senior Notes due 2030,2033, among CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings Capital Corp. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., as representative of the several Purchasers (as defined therein) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on February 21, 2020)April 27, 2021).
10.4 22.1
Fourth Supplemental Indenture, datedIssuers and Guarantors of Guaranteed Securities and Affiliate Securities Pledged as of March 18, 2020, among CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings Capital Corp. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on March 23, 2020).
10.5 
Form of 4.500% Senior Notes due 2032 (included in Exhibit 10.4 hereto).
10.6 
2030 Exchange and Registration Rights Agreement, dated March 18, 2020, relating to the 4.500% Senior Notes due 2030, among CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings Capital Corp. and Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc., as representative of the several Purchasers (as defined therein) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on March 23, 2020).
10.7 
2032 Exchange and Registration Rights Agreement, dated March 18, 2020, relating to the 4.500% Senior Notes due 2032, among CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings Capital Corp. and Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc., as representative of the several Purchasers (as defined therein) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on March 23, 2020).
10.8 
Underwriting Agreement, dated as of April 14, 2020, among Charter Communications Operating, LLC, Charter Communications Operating Capital Corp., CCO Holdings, LLC, as parent guarantor, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and BofA Securities, Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters named in Schedule I thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on April 17, 2020).
10.9 
Sixteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 17, 2020, among Charter Communications Operating, LLC, Charter Communications Operating Capital Corp., as issuers, CCO Holdings, LLC, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on April 17, 2020).
10.10 
Form of 2.800% Senior Secured Notes due 2031 (included in Exhibit 10.9 hereto).
10.11 
Form of 3.700% Senior Secured Notes due 2051 (included in Exhibit 10.9 hereto).Collateral.
31.1
Certificate of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) under the under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
31.2
Certificate of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
32.1
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chief Executive Officer).
32.2
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chief Financial Officer).
101
The following financial information from CCO Holdings, LLC’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 4, 2020,3, 2021, formatted in iXBRL (inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language) includes: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Member's Equity; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (vi) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
104Cover Page, formatted in iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.



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