Table of Contents

    
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
x☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended November 30, 2018August 31, 2019
OR
¨☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                 to                 
Commission file number 0-50761

 
AngioDynamics, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
angologoa23.gif
 
 

Delaware 11-3146460
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
14 Plaza Drive Latham, New York12110
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
(518)
14 Plaza Drive, Latham, New York12110
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(518) 795-1400
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading symbol Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $.01 ANGONASDAQ Global Select Market
Preferred Stock Purchase Rights NASDAQ Global Select Market


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None
(Title of Class)
 
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ¨☐    No  x☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨☐    No  x☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x☒    No  ¨☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x☒    No  ¨☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ¨☒  Accelerated filer x☐
    
Non-accelerated filer ¨☐ Smaller reporting company ¨☐
       
Emerging growth company o☐    
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨☐    No  x☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the Issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Class Outstanding as of January 3,October 2, 2019
Common Stock, par value $.01 37,137,20337,619,875
 


AngioDynamics, Inc. and Subsidiaries
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
  Page
 
Part I: Financial Information
 
   
Item 1.
Financial Statements
 
   
 
Consolidated Statements of IncomeOperations (unaudited)
3
   
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive IncomeLoss (unaudited)
4
   
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)
5
   
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)
6
   
 
Consolidated StatementStatements of Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited)
7
   
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
9
   
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
2728
   
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
3835
   
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
3936
   
 
Part II: Other Information
 
   
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
4037
   
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
4239
   
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
4340
   
Item 3.
Defaults on Senior Securities
4340
   
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
4340
   
Item 5.
Other Information
4340
   
Item 6.
Exhibits
4441

PART 1. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.

AngioDynamics, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOMEOPERATIONS
(unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except per share data)
 
 Three Months Ended Six Months Ended Three Months Ended
 Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017 Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017 Aug 31, 2019 Aug 31, 2018
Net sales $91,503
 $86,706
 $176,843
 $172,117
 $66,042
 $63,943
Cost of sales (exclusive of intangible amortization) 42,394
 43,975
 83,267
 88,157
 27,825
 27,990
Gross profit 49,109
 42,731
 93,576
 83,960
 38,217
 35,953
Operating expenses:            
Research and development 7,363
 6,107
 15,025
 12,548
 6,292
 7,374
Sales and marketing 20,269
 18,967
 39,702
 38,369
 19,380
 18,405
General and administrative 9,336
 7,540
 17,832
 15,596
 8,453
 8,435
Amortization of intangibles 5,188
 4,146
 9,304
 8,242
 3,868
 3,434
Change in fair value of contingent consideration 244
 82
 256
 187
 (448) 12
Acquisition, restructuring and other items, net 2,728
 4,766
 7,150
 7,755
 1,500
 4,422
Total operating expenses 45,128
 41,608
 89,269
 82,697
 39,045
 42,082
Operating income 3,981
 1,123
 4,307
 1,263
Operating loss (828) (6,129)
Other (expenses) income:            
Interest expense, net (1,330) (760) (2,247) (1,483) (465) (917)
Other income (loss), net 80
 (280) 194
 287
Other income (expense), net (98) 114
Total other expenses, net (1,250) (1,040) (2,053) (1,196) (563) (803)
Income before income tax expense 2,731
 83
 2,254
 67
Income tax expense (benefit) 591
 (166) 583
 (147)
Net income $2,140
 $249
 $1,671
 $214
Earnings per share        
Loss from continuing operations before income tax benefit (1,391) (6,932)
Income tax benefit (116) (1,228)
Net loss from continuing operations (1,275) (5,704)
Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax —
 5,235
Net loss $(1,275) $(469)
Loss per share - continuing operations    
Basic $(0.03) $(0.15)
Diluted $(0.03) $(0.15)
Income per share - discontinued operations    
Basic $0.00
 $0.14
Diluted $0.00
 $0.14
Loss per share    
Basic $0.06
 $0.01
 $0.04
 $0.01
 $(0.03) $(0.01)
Diluted $0.06
 $0.01
 $0.04
 $0.01
 $(0.03) $(0.01)
Weighted average shares outstanding            
Basic 37,500
 37,066
 37,411
 36,983
 37,783
 37,323
Diluted 38,117
 37,383
 38,131
 37,322
 37,783
 37,323
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

AngioDynamics, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOMELOSS
(unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars)
 
  Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
  Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017 Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017
Net income $2,140
 $249
 $1,671
 $214
Other comprehensive income, before tax:        
Unrealized gain on marketable securities —
 45
 33
 45
Foreign currency translation (206) 150
 (331) 433
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax (206) 195
 (298) 478
Income tax expense related to items of other comprehensive income —
 —
 —
 —
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (206) 195
 (298) 478
Total comprehensive income, net of tax $1,934
 $444
 $1,373
 $692
  Three Months Ended
  Aug 31, 2019 Aug 31, 2018
Net loss $(1,275) $(469)
Other comprehensive loss, before tax:    
Unrealized gain on marketable securities —
 33
Foreign currency translation (151) (125)
Other comprehensive loss, before tax (151) (92)
Income tax expense related to items of other comprehensive income —
 —
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax (151) (92)
Total comprehensive loss, net of tax $(1,426) $(561)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


AngioDynamics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share data)
Nov 30, 2018 May 31, 2018Aug 31, 2019 May 31, 2019
Assets      
Current assets      
Cash and cash equivalents$42,820
 $74,096
$83,649
 $227,641
Marketable securities1,350
 1,317
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $2,225 and $2,466, respectively43,374
 39,401
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $1,434 and $1,906 respectively32,540
 43,577
Inventories50,637
 48,916
45,229
 40,071
Prepaid expenses and other4,776
 4,302
4,939
 4,003
Total current assets142,957
 168,032
166,357
 315,292
Property, plant and equipment, net41,945
 42,461
25,334
 24,258
Other assets3,478
 3,417
9,352
 3,835
Intangible assets, net168,706
 130,310
141,655
 145,387
Goodwill426,874
 361,252
347,666
 347,666
Total assets$783,960
 $705,472
$690,364
 $836,438
Liabilities and stockholders' equity      
Current liabilities      
Accounts payable$19,424
 $15,775
$16,870
 $22,829
Accrued liabilities21,272
 34,426
22,693
 38,338
Current portion of long-term debt5,000
 5,000
—
 7,500
Current portion of contingent consideration4,006
 2,100
878
 4,635
Other current liabilities6,731
 —
Total current liabilities49,702
 57,301
47,172
 73,302
Long-term debt, net of current portion139,266
 86,621
—
 124,407
Contingent consideration, net of current portion10,952
 8,851
Deferred income taxes17,696
 17,173
14,367
 14,542
Contingent consideration, net of current portion22,512
 1,161
Other long-term liabilities5,221
 621
3,800
 521
Total liabilities234,397
 162,877
76,291
 221,623
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)

 

Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)

 

Stockholders' equity      
Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share, 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding—
 —
—
 —
Common stock, par value $.01 per share, 75,000,000 shares authorized; 37,875,529 and 37,594,493 shares issued and 37,505,529 and 37,224,493 shares outstanding at November 30, 2018 and May 31, 2018, respectively372
 370
Common stock, par value $.01 per share, 75,000,000 shares authorized; 38,359,875 and 37,984,382 shares issued and 37,989,875 and 37,614,382 shares outstanding at August 31, 2019 and May 31, 2019, respectively373
 372
Additional paid-in capital549,355
 543,762
555,723
 555,040
Retained earnings6,800
 5,129
65,194
 66,469
Treasury stock, 370,000 shares at November 30, 2018 and May 31, 2018, respectively(5,714) (5,714)
Treasury stock, 370,000 shares at August 31, 2019 and May 31, 2019, respectively(5,714) (5,714)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(1,250) (952)(1,503) (1,352)
Total Stockholders’ Equity549,563
 542,595
614,073
 614,815
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity$783,960
 $705,472
$690,364
 $836,438
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

AngioDynamics, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars)
Six Months EndedThree Months Ended
Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017Aug 31, 2019 Aug 31, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net income$1,671
 $214
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:   
Net loss$(1,275) $(469)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:   
Depreciation and amortization12,291
 11,677
5,207
 5,599
Stock based compensation4,741
 3,763
1,984
 2,150
Change in fair value of contingent consideration256
 187
(448) 12
Deferred income taxes495
 (106)(175) (10)
Change in accounts receivable allowances(75) 280
(453) (228)
Fixed and intangible asset impairments and disposals12
 8
99
 —
Write-off of other assets593
 —
Other(17) (557)(8) 25
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 

 
Accounts receivable(3,068) 2,299
11,474
 (562)
Inventories(955) 598
(5,153) (761)
Prepaid expenses and other(1,183) (703)(746) (1,200)
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities(10,082) (4,459)(17,633) (13,429)
Net cash provided by operating activities4,086
 13,201
Net cash used in operating activities(6,534) (8,873)
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Additions to property, plant and equipment(1,416) (1,222)(1,391) (682)
Acquisition of intangibles(150) —
Cash paid for acquisitions(84,920) —
—
 (37,000)
Net cash used in investing activities(86,336) (1,222)(1,541) (37,682)
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Proceeds from issuance of and borrowings on long-term debt55,000
 —
Repayment of long-term debt(2,500) (2,500)(132,500) (1,250)
Deferred financing costs on long-term debt(741) —
Payment of acquisition related contingent consideration(2,100) (9,500)(1,208) (2,100)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan854
 1,738
Net cash provided by (used) in financing activities51,254
 (10,262)
Proceeds (outlays) from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan(1,300) 705
Net cash used in financing activities(135,749) (2,645)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(280) 595
(168) (134)
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents(31,276) 2,312
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents(143,992) (49,334)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period74,096
 47,544
227,641
 74,096
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$42,820
 $49,856
$83,649
 $24,762
   
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:      
      
Change in accounts payable for property and equipment$(19) $98
Fair value of contingent consideration for acquisitions25,100
 —
Fair value of acquisition consideration included in accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities4,863
 —
Accrual for capital expenditures incurred during the period$477
 $38
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

AngioDynamics, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTSTATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share data)

 
Common Stock 
Additional
paid in
capital
 Retained earnings 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
loss
 Treasury Stock  Common Stock 
Additional
paid in
capital
 Retained earnings 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
loss
 Treasury Stock  
Shares Amount Shares Amount TotalShares Amount Shares Amount Total
Balance at May 31, 201837,594,493
 $370
 $543,762
 $5,129
 $(952) (370,000) $(5,714) $542,595
Balance at May 31, 201937,984,382
 $372
 $555,040
 $66,469
 $(1,352) (370,000) $(5,714) $614,815
Net loss      $(469)       (469)

 

 

 (1,275) 

 

 

 (1,275)
Exercise of stock options71,336
 1
 607
         608
48,136
 1
 530
 

 

 

 

 531
Issuance/Cancellation of restricted stock units149,446
   (460)         (460)287,087
 

 (2,459) 

 

 

 

 (2,459)
Issuance/Cancellation of performance share units5,235
             —
Purchases of common stock under ESPP40,547
 1
 556
         557
40,270
 

 628
 

 

 

 

 628
Stock-based compensation    2,150
         2,150


 

 1,984
 

 

 

 

 1,984
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax        (92)     (92)

 

 

 

 (151) 

 

 (151)
Balance at August 31, 201837,861,057
 $372
 $546,615
 $4,660
 $(1,044) (370,000) $(5,714) $544,889
Net income      2,140
       2,140
Exercise of stock options10,571
 

 149
         149
Issuance/Cancellation of restricted stock units3,901
 

 

         —
Issuance/Cancellation of performance share units

             —
Purchases of common stock under ESPP

 

 

         —
Stock-based compensation    2,591
         2,591
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax        (206)     (206)
Balance at November 30, 201837,875,529
 $372
 $549,355
 $6,800
 $(1,250) (370,000) $(5,714) $549,563
Balance at August 31, 201938,359,875
 $373
 $555,723
 $65,194
 $(1,503) (370,000) $(5,714) $614,073





































AngioDynamics, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTSTATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY - continued
(unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except share data)

Common Stock 
Additional
paid in
capital
 Retained earnings (deficit) 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
loss
 Treasury Stock  Common Stock 
Additional
paid in
capital
 Retained earnings (deficit) 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
loss
 Treasury Stock  
Shares Amount Shares Amount TotalShares Amount Shares Amount Total
Balance at May 31, 201737,210,091
 $367
 $532,705
 $(11,007) $(1,324) (370,000) $(5,714) $515,027
Balance at May 31, 201837,594,493
 $370
 $543,762
 $5,129
 $(952) (370,000) $(5,714) $542,595
Net loss      (35)       (35)      (469)       (469)
Adjustment from the adoption of ASU 2016-09    199
 (199)       —
Exercise of stock options17,897
   89
         89
71,336
 1
 607
         608
Issuance/Cancellation of restricted stock units119,098
 1
           1
149,446
   (460)         (460)
Issuance/Cancellation of performance share units              —
5,235
             —
Purchases of common stock under ESPP50,900
   722
         722
40,547
 1
 556
         557
Stock-based compensation    1,797
         1,797
    2,150
         2,150
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax        283
     283
        (92)     (92)
Balance at August 31, 201737,397,986
 $368
 $535,512
 $(11,241) $(1,041) (370,000) $(5,714) $517,884
Net income      249
       249
Adjustment from the adoption of ASU 2016-09    

         —
Exercise of stock options78,211
 1
 925
         926
Issuance/Cancellation of restricted stock units5,478
             —
Issuance/Cancellation of performance share units              —
Purchases of common stock under ESPP    

         —
Stock-based compensation    1,966
         1,966
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax        195
     195
Balance at November 30, 201737,481,675
 $369
 $538,403
 $(10,992) $(846) (370,000) $(5,714) $521,220
Balance at August 31, 201837,861,057
 $372
 $546,615
 $4,660
 $(1,044) (370,000) $(5,714) $544,889

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

AngioDynamics, Inc. and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The consolidated balance sheetConsolidated Balance Sheet as of November 30, 2018,August 31, 2019, the consolidated statementConsolidated Statements of stockholders’ equityOperations, Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss, Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three and six months ended November 30,August 31, 2019 and 2018, and 2017, and the consolidated statements of income, consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended November 30, 2018 and 2017, and consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended November 30, 2018 and 2017 have been prepared by us and are unaudited. The consolidated balance sheetConsolidated Balance Sheet as of May 31, 20182019 was derived from audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to state fairly the financial position, changes in stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income, results of operations and cash flows as of and for the period ended November 30, 2018August 31, 2019 (and for all periods presented) have been made.
The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended November 30,August 31, 2019 and 2018 and 2017 include the accounts of AngioDynamics, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, collectively, the “Company”. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
On May 31, 2019, the Company completed the sale of the Fluid Management business and all of the assets used primarily in connection with the Fluid Management business (Note 3). As the disposal of this business represents a strategic shift with a major effect on the Company's operations, for all periods presented in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss, all sales, costs, expenses, gains and income taxes attributable to Fluid Management have been reported under the captions, “Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Income Tax.”  Cash flows used in or provided by Fluid Management have been reported in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows under operating and investing activities.
2. ACQUISITIONS

RadiaDyne Acquisition

On September 21, 2018, the Company acquired RadiaDyne, a privately held medical diagnostic and device company that designs and develops patient dose monitoring technology to improve cancer treatment outcomes. The aggregate purchase price of $75.0 million included an upfront payment of $47.9 million, contingent consideration with an estimated fair value of $22.3 million, an indemnification holdback of $4.6 million and a purchase price holdback of $0.2 million. The fair value of $22.3 million in contingent consideration is comprised of $16.5 million for the revenue milestones and $5.8 million for the technical milestones. The $4.6 million indemnification holdback is recorded in other long-termaccrued liabilities at August 31, 2019 and the $0.2 million purchase price holdback iswas initially recorded in accrued liabilities.liabilities, and was paid during the third quarter of fiscal year 2019.
This acquisition expands the Company’s growing Oncology business by adding RadiaDyne’s early-stage, proprietary OARtrac® real-time radiation dose monitoring platform and other market-leading oncology solutions, including the IsoLoc®/ImmobiLoc® and Alatus® balloon stabilizing technologies.
The Company accounted for the RadiaDyne acquisition under the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Accordingly, the cost to acquire the assets was allocated to the underlying net assets in proportion to estimates of their respective fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes.
The Company has not disclosed the amount of revenue and earnings for sales of RadiaDyne products since acquisition, nor proforma information, because these amounts are not significant to the Company's financial statements. Acquisition-related costs associated with the RadiaDyne acquisition, which are included in acquisition,"acquisition, restructuring and other expenses, netnet" in the accompanying consolidated statementsConsolidated Statements of income,Operations, were approximately $1.6 million.million in fiscal year 2019. The following table summarizes the preliminary and final aggregate purchase price allocated to the net assets acquired:

(in thousands) Sep 21, 2018
Assets acquired  
Accounts receivable $900
Inventory 732
Prepaid and other current assets 98
Property, plant and equipment 133
Intangible assets:  
RadiaDyne trademark 400
OarTrac trademark 200
RadiaDyne legacy product technology 1,500
OarTrac product technology 16,300
RadiaDyne customer relationships 3,700
Goodwill 51,482
Total assets acquired $75,445
Liabilities assumed  
Accounts payable $352
Accrued expenses 106
Total liabilities assumed $458
Net assets acquired $74,987

(in thousands)Final allocation
Accounts receivable$900
Inventory732
Prepaid and other current assets98
Property, plant and equipment133
Intangible assets: 
RadiaDyne trademark400
OARtrac trademark200
RadiaDyne legacy product technology1,500
OARtrac product technology18,900
RadiaDyne customer relationships4,600
Goodwill47,982
Total assets acquired$75,445
Liabilities assumed 
Accounts payable$352
Accrued expenses106
Total liabilities assumed$458
Net assets acquired$74,987

The Company finalized the allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed includingin the amount allocated to goodwill, is subject to change within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date) as additional information that existed at the datefourth quarter of the acquisition related to the values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is obtained.FY19.
The values assigned to the RadiaDyne and OarTracOARtrac trademark and product technologies were derived using the relief-from-royalties method under the income approach. This approach is used to estimate the cost savings that accrue for the owner of an intangible asset who would otherwise have to pay royalties or licensing fees on revenues earned through the use of the asset if they had not owned the rights to use the assets. The net after-tax royalty savings are calculated for each year in the remaining economic life of the intangible asset and discounted to present value. The trademarks are deemed to have a useful life of five to seven years and the product technologies are deemed to have a useful life of seven to ten years. Both are amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful life.
The value assigned to customer relationships was derived using the multi-period excess earnings method under the income approach. This approach estimates the excess earnings generated over the lives of the customers that existed as of the acquisition date and discounts such earnings to present value. Customer relationships are amortized on a straight-line basis over fifteen years.
The goodwill arising from the acquisition consists largely of synergies and economies of scale the Company hopes to achieve from combining the acquired assets with the Company's current operations.
BioSentry Acquisition
On August 14, 2018, the Company acquired the BioSentry product from Surgical Specialties, LLC (“SSC”), for an aggregate purchase price of $39.8 million of which $37.0 million was paid on August 14, 2018 and $2.8 million was recorded as contingent consideration. The contingent consideration liability was recorded at fair value and will be payable to SSCwas paid in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019 upon fulfillment of certain hydrogel orders.orders by SSC.
The Company accounted for the BioSentry acquisition under the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Accordingly, the cost to acquire the assets was allocated to the underlying net assets in proportion to estimates of their respective fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes.
The Company has not disclosed the amount of revenue and earnings for sales of BioSentry products since acquisition, nor proforma information, because these amounts are not significant to the Company's financial statements. Acquisition-related costs associated with the BioSentry acquisition, which are included in acquisition,"acquisition, restructuring and other expenses, netnet" in the accompanying consolidated statementsConsolidated Statements of income,Operations, were approximately $1.0 million.million in fiscal year 2019. The following table summarizes the

table summarizes the preliminary aggregateand revised final purchase price allocated to the net assets acquired:

 Preliminary allocation 
Adjustments (1)
 Revised allocation
(in thousands)      Final allocation
Inventory $50
 $—
 $50
$50
Property, plant and equipment 10
 —
 10
10
Intangible assets:      
BioSentry trademark 1,700
 800
 2,500
2,500
BioSentry product technology 13,800
 7,100
 20,900
20,900
Customer relationships 2,500
 (300) 2,200
2,600
Goodwill 21,740
 (7,600) 14,140
13,740
Net assets acquired $39,800
 $—
 $39,800
$39,800
(1)Measurement period adjustments are recognized on a prospective basis in the period of change, instead of restating prior periods. There was no impact to reported earnings in connection with these measurement period adjustments for the periods presented. Amounts represent adjustments to the preliminary purchase price allocation first presented in the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended August 31, 2018 resulting from revising the Company's purchase price allocation for this acquisition.
The Company finalized the allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed includingin the amount allocated to goodwill, is subject to change within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date) as additional information that existed at the datefourth quarter of the acquisition related to the values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is obtained.FY19.
The values assigned to the BioSentry trademark and product technologies were derived using the relief-from-royalties method under the income approach. This approach is used to estimate the cost savings that accrue for the owner of an intangible asset who would otherwise have to pay royalties or licensing fees on revenues earned through the use of the asset if they had not owned the rights to use the assets. The net after-tax royalty savings are calculated for each year in the remaining economic life of the intangible asset and discounted to present value. The trademark and product technologies are deemed to have a fifteen year useful life and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful life.
The value assigned to customer relationships was derived using the multi-period excess earnings method under the income approach. This approach estimates the excess earnings generated over the lives of the customers that existed as of the acquisition date and discounts such earnings to present value. Customer relationships are amortized on a straight-line basis over ten years.
The goodwill arising from the acquisition consists largely of synergies and economies of scale the Company hopes to achieve from combining the acquired assets with the Company's current operations.
3. DIVESTITURES    

Fluid Management
On May 31, 2019, the Company completed the sale of the NAMIC Fluid Management business (the “Divestiture”) and all of the assets used primarily in connection with the Fluid Management business to Medline Industries, Inc. (“Medline”) pursuant to an asset purchase agreement dated April 17, 2019 (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”). Total consideration received by the Company for the Divestiture in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019 was $169.2 million in cash and resulted in a gain of $46.6 million after working capital adjustments of $0.6 million. The gain was recorded in discontinued operations. On June 3, 2019, a portion of the net proceeds were used to retire the outstanding balance on the Term Loan and Revolving Facility and the remaining net proceeds will continue to be invested in the business.
Pursuant to a transition services agreement entered into and effective on the closing of the transaction, the Company will supply certain services to Medline. Medline will receive certain legal, human resource, tax, accounting and information technology services from the Company for a period generally not to exceed 24 months.
As a result of the Divestiture, the results of operations from the Fluid Management business are reported in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations as “Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax” for the

three months ended August 31, 2018. The following table summarizes the financial results of our discontinued operations:
 Three Months Ended
(in thousands)Aug 31, 2018
Net sales$21,397
Cost of sales (exclusive of amortization)12,882
Gross profit8,515
Operating expenses 
Research and development288
Sales and marketing1,028
General and administrative62
Amortization of intangibles682
Total operating expenses2,060
Operating income6,455
  
Income from discontinued operations before income taxes6,455
Income tax expense1,220
Income from discontinued operations$5,235

In accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”), only expenses specifically identifiable and related to a business to be disposed may be allocated to discontinued operations. As such, the selling and marketing, research and development and general and administrative expenses recorded in discontinued operations include corporate costs incurred directly in support of the Fluid Management portfolio.
Total operating and investing cash flows of discontinued operations for the three months ended August 31, 2018 is comprised of the following, which excludes the effect of income taxes:
 Three Months Ended
(in thousands)Aug 31, 2018
Net cash provided by operating activities$524
Net cash provided by investing activities224

4. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

Adoption of ASC Topic 606 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers"
The Company adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers on June 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. The reported results for fiscal 2019 reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance while the reported results for fiscal 2018 were prepared under the guidance of ASC 605, Revenue Recognition (“ASC 605”). For discussion of the Company’s accounting policy for revenue recognition under ASC 605, refer to Item 8 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2018. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, results of operations, equity or cash flows as of the adoption date or for the periods presented, other than the enhanced disclosures included in this footnote.
Revenue Recognition

Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company has one primary revenue stream which is the sales of its products.
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following tables summarize net product revenue by Global Business Unit ("GBU") and geography for the three and six months ended November 30,August 31, 2019 and 2018:
 Three months ended November 30, 2018
(in thousands)United States International Total
Net sales     
Vascular Interventions & Therapies 

$42,826
 $9,668
 $52,494
Vascular Access20,081
 3,642
 23,723
Oncology8,976
 6,310
 15,286
Total$71,883
 $19,620
 $91,503

Six months ended November 30, 2018Three months ended August 31, 2019
(in thousands)United States International TotalUnited States International Total
Net sales          
Vascular Interventions & Therapies

$84,864
 $17,624
 $102,488
$25,676
 $3,237
 $28,913
Vascular Access40,528
 6,985
 47,513
19,284
 3,875
 23,159
Oncology14,175
 12,667
 26,842
7,977
 5,993
 13,970
Total$139,567
 $37,276
 $176,843
$52,937
 $13,105
 $66,042

 Three months ended August 31, 2018
(in thousands)United States International Total
Net sales     
Vascular Interventions & Therapies$25,851
 $2,747
 $28,598
Vascular Access20,447
 3,343
 23,790
Oncology5,198
 6,357
 11,555
Total$51,496
 $12,447
 $63,943
Net Product Revenue
The Company's products consist of a wide range of medical, surgical and diagnostic devices used by professional healthcare providers for vascular access, for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and for use in oncology and surgical settings. The Company's devices are generally used in minimally invasive, image-guided procedures. Most of the Company's products are intended to be used once and then discarded, or they may be temporarily implanted for short-short or longer-termlong term use. The Company sells its products to its distribution partners and to end users, such as interventional radiologists, interventional cardiologists, vascular surgeons, urologists, interventional and surgical oncologists and critical care nurses.
Contracts and Performance Obligations
The Company contracts with its customers based on customer purchase orders, which in many cases are governed by master purchasing agreements. The Company’s contracts with customers are generally for product only, and do not include other performance obligations such as services or other material rights. As part of its assessment of each contract, the Company evaluates certain factors including the customer’s ability to pay (or credit risk). For each contract, the Company considers the promise to transfer products, each of which is distinct, to be the identified performance obligations.
Transaction Price and Allocation to Performance Obligations
Transaction prices of products are typically based on contracted rates. Product revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring products to a customer. To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing the expected value method. As such, revenue is recorded net of rebates, returns and other deductions.
If a contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised products underlying each performance obligation. The Company has standard pricing for its products and determines standalone selling prices based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately.




Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer (i.e., when the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied), which occurs at a point in time, and may be upon shipment from the Company’s manufacturing site or delivery to the customer’s named location, based on the contractual shipping terms of a contract.
In determining whether control has transferred, the Company considers if there is a present right to payment from the customer and when physical possession, legal title and risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to the customer.
The Company typically invoices customers upon satisfaction of identified performance obligations. As the Company’s standard payment terms are 30 to 90 days from invoicing, the Company does not provide any significant financing to its customers.

Sales, value add, and other taxes collected on behalf of third parties are excluded from revenue.
Variable Consideration
Revenues from product sales are recorded at the net sales price (transaction price), which includes estimates of variable consideration for which reserves are established for discounts, returns, rebates and allowances that are offered within contracts between the Company and its customers. These reserves are based on the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as a current liability.
Rebates and Allowances: The Company provides certain customers with rebates and allowances that are explicitly stated in the Company’s contracts and are recorded as a reduction of revenue in the period the related product revenue is recognized. The Company establishes a liability for such amounts, which is included in accrued expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.Consolidated Balance Sheets. These rebates and allowances result from performance-based offers that are primarily based on attaining contractually specified sales volumes and administrative fees the Company is required to pay to group purchasing organizations.
Product Returns: The Company generally offers customers a limited right of return. Product returns after 30 days must be pre-approved by the Company and customers may be subject to a 20% restocking charge. To be accepted, a returned product must be unadulterated, undamaged and have at least twelve months remaining prior to its expiration date. The Company estimates the amount of its product sales that may be returned by its customers and records this estimate as a reduction of revenue in the period the related product revenue is recognized. The Company currently estimates product return liabilities using its historical product return information and considers other factors that it believes could significantly impact its expected returns, including product recalls. During the sixthree months ended November 30, 2018,August 31, 2019, such product returns were not material.
Contract Balances with Customers
A receivable is recognized in the period the Company ships the product. Payment terms on invoiced amounts are based on contractual terms with each customer and generally coincide with revenue recognition. Accordingly, the Company does not have any contract assets associated with the future right to invoice its customers. In some cases, if control of the product has not yet transferred to the customer or the timing of the payments made by the customer precedes the Company’s fulfillment of the performance obligation, the Company recognizes a contract liability that is included in deferred revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The following table presents changes in the Company’s receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities with customers:
Nov 30, 2018 May 31, 2018
(in thousands)   Aug 31, 2019 May 31, 2019
Receivables$43,374
 $39,401
$32,540
 $43,577
Contract assets$—
 $—
$—
 $—
Contract liabilities$1,201
 $1,203
$607
 $681

During the sixthree months ended November 30, 2018,August 31, 2019, the Company recognized $0.2 million in revenue that was included in contract liabilities as of the beginning of the period. This was offset by additions to contract liabilities of $0.2$0.1 million.



Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Customer Contract
Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, the Company expensed incremental commissions paid to sales representatives for obtaining product sales. Under ASC 606, the Company recognizes an asset for incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if it expects to recover those costs. The Company’s sales incentive compensation plans qualify for capitalization since these plans are directly related to sales achieved during a period of time. However, the Company has elected the practical expedient under ASC 340-40-25-4 to expense the costs as they are incurred within selling and marketing expenses since the amortization period is less than one year.
The Company accounts for shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers as costs to fulfill the promise to transfer the associated products. Shipping and handling costs, associated with the distribution of finished products to customers, are recorded in costs of goods sold and are recognized when the related finished product is shipped to the customer. Amounts charged to customers for shipping are recorded in net sales.

4.5. INVENTORIES
Inventories are stated at lower of cost and net realizable value (using the first-in, first-out method). Inventories consisted of the following:
Nov 30, 2018
 May 31, 2018
(in thousands) Aug 31, 2019 May 31, 2019
Raw materials$20,282
 $18,678
$17,443
 $16,045
Work in process10,125
 10,808
8,539
 6,786
Finished goods20,230
 19,430
19,247
 17,240
Inventories$50,637
 $48,916
$45,229
 $40,071


The Company periodically reviews for both obsolescence and loss of value. The Company makes assumptions about the future demand for and market value of the inventory. Based on these assumptions, the Company estimates the amount of obsolete, expiring and slow moving inventory. The total inventory reserve at November 30, 2018August 31, 2019 and May 31, 20182019 was $5.0$4.1 million and $6.1$4.2 million, respectively. Of the $5.0$4.1 million reserve as of November 30, 2018,August 31, 2019 and the $4.2 million reserve as of May 31, 2019, $0.4 million relates to the inventory reserve for Acculis inventory as a result of the recall announced in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017 and $0.7 million relates to a specific reserve related to the termination of an agreement with a Japanese distributor in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018. Of the $6.1 million reserve as of May 31, 2018, $1.6 million relates to the inventory reserve for Acculis inventory as a result of the recall announced in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017 and $0.7 million relates to a specific reserve related to the termination of an agreement with a Japanese distributor in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018.

5.6. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized over their estimated useful lives on either a straight-line basis or proportionately to the benefit being realized. Useful lives range from two to eighteen years. The Company periodically reviews the estimated useful lives of its intangible assets and reviews such assets or asset groups for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets or asset groups may not be recoverable. If an intangible asset or asset group is considered to be impaired, the amount of the impairment will equal the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the asset.

Goodwill is not amortized, but rather, is tested for impairment annually or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in each business combination.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the six months ended November 30, 2018 were as follows:

(in thousands) 
Goodwill balance at May 31, 2018$361,252
Additions for BioSentry acquisition (Note 2)14,140
Additions for RadiaDyne acquisition (Note 2)51,482
Goodwill balance at November 30, 2018$426,874



The Company's annual testing for impairment of goodwill was completed as of December 31, 2017.2018. The Company operates as a single operating segment with one1 reporting unit and consequently evaluates goodwill for impairment based on an evaluation of the fair value of the Company as a whole. The Company determines the fair value of the reporting unit based on the market valuation approach and concluded that it was not more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the Company's reporting unit was less than its carrying value.

Even though the Company determined that there was no0 goodwill impairment as of December 31, 2017,2018, the future occurrence of a potential indicator of impairment, such as a significant adverse change in legal, regulatory, business or economic conditions or a more-likely-than-not expectation that the reporting unit or a significant portion of the reporting unit will be sold or disposed of, would require an interim assessment for the reporting unit prior to the next required annual assessment as of December 31, 2018. The Company continued2019. There were no adjustments to assessgoodwill for potential impairment through November 30, 2018 and noted no events that would be considered a triggering event.the three months ended August 31, 2019.
Intangible assets consisted of the following:
Nov 30, 2018
Gross
carrying
value
 
Accumulated
amortization
 
Net carrying
value
Aug 31, 2019
(in thousands) 
Gross
carrying
value
 
Accumulated
amortization
 
Net carrying
value
Product technologies$185,872
 $(74,415) $111,457
$182,968
 $(77,967) $105,001
Customer relationships62,284
 (25,252) 37,032
60,147
 (26,995) 33,152
Trademarks31,500
 (13,085) 18,415
9,300
 (6,470) 2,830
Licenses5,752
 (4,697) 1,055
5,887
 (5,215) 672
Distributor relationships1,250
 (503) 747
$286,658
 $(117,952) $168,706
$258,302
 $(116,647) $141,655

May 31, 2018
Gross
carrying
value
 
Accumulated
amortization
 
Net carrying
value
May 31, 2019
(in thousands) 
Gross
carrying
value
 
Accumulated
amortization
 
Net carrying
value
Product technologies$147,175
 $(68,880) $78,295
$182,971
 $(75,412) $107,559
Customer relationships56,428
 (23,237) 33,191
60,166
 (25,950) 34,216
Trademarks28,400
 (11,809) 16,591
9,300
 (6,404) 2,896
Licenses5,752
 (4,357) 1,395
5,752
 (5,036) 716
Distributor relationships1,250
 (412) 838
$239,005
 $(108,695) $130,310
$258,189
 $(112,802) $145,387


Amortization expense for the three months ended November 30,August 31, 2019 and 2018 and 2017 was $5.2$3.9 million and $4.1$3.4 million, respectively. Amortization expense for the six months ended November 30, 2018 and 2017 was $9.3 million and $8.2 million, respectively.

Expected future amortization expense related to the intangible assets is as follows:
(in thousands)

Remainder of 2019$10,277
202018,963
Remainder of 2020$11,308
202117,804
14,022
202216,919
13,406
202316,468
13,369
2024 and thereafter88,275
202411,813
2025 and thereafter77,737

$168,706
$141,655



6.7. ACCRUED LIABILITIES
Accrued liabilities consisted of the following: 
Nov 30, 2018 May 31, 2018
(in thousands) Aug 31, 2019 May 31, 2019
Payroll and related expenses$9,624
 $10,235
$5,970
 $14,987
Royalties1,522
 1,537
1,439
 2,088
Accrued severance1,092
 1,940
616
 504
Sales and franchise taxes1,165
 683
3,417
 807
Outside services1,357
 2,396
1,781
 3,514
Litigation matters—
 12,500
—
 2,700
Indemnification holdback4,866
 4,807
Other6,512
 5,135
4,604
 8,931
$21,272
 $34,426
$22,693
 $38,338


7.8. LONG TERM DEBT

On November 7, 2016,June 3, 2019 and in connection with the completion of the Fluid Management divestiture, the Company repaid all amounts outstanding under its existing Credit Agreement and entered into a new Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and Bank of America, N.A. and KeybankKeyBank National Association, as co-syndication agents, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and Keybank National Association as joint bookrunners and joint lead arrangers.agents.
The Credit Agreement provides for a $100.0$125.0 million senior secured term loan facility (“Term Loan”) and a $150.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility which includes up to a $20.0 million sublimit for letters of credit and a $5.0 million sublimit for swingline loans (the “Revolving Facility”), and together with the Term Loan, the “Facilities”).
On November 7, 2016,which includes an uncommitted expansion feature that allows the Company borrowed $100.0 million underto increase the Term Loantotal revolving commitments and/or add new tranches of term loans in an aggregate amount not to exceed $75.0 million.  The proceeds may be used to refinance certain existing indebtedness of the Company and approximately $16.5 millionits subsidiaries, to finance the working capital needs, and for general corporate purposes (including permitted acquisitions), of the Company and its subsidiaries.
The Credit Agreement has a five year maturity. Interest on the facility will be based, at the Company’s option, on a base rate of LIBOR plus an applicable margin tied to the Company’s total leverage ratio and having ranges between 0.25% and 0.75% for base rate loans and between 1.25% and 1.75% for LIBOR loans. After default, the interest rate may be increased by 2.0%. The facility will also carry a commitment fee of 0.20% to 0.25% per annum on the unused portion.
The Company's obligations under the Revolving Facility to repayare unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by the balanceCompany's material direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries (the “Guarantors”). All obligations of $116.5 millionthe Company and the Guarantors under the former credit agreement. AsRevolving Facility are secured by first priority security interests in substantially all of November 30, 2018the assets of the Company and May 31, 2018 the carrying value of long-term debt approximates its fair market value.Guarantors.

The interest rate onCredit Agreement includes customary representations, warranties and covenants, and acceleration, indemnity and events of default provisions, including, among other things, 2 quarterly financial covenants as follows: 
maximum leverage ratio of consolidated total indebtedness* to consolidated EBITDA* of not greater than 3.00 to 1.00 (during certain periods following material acquisitions the Term Loan at November 30, 2018 was 3.80%ratio shall be increased to 3.50 to 1.00).

fixed charge coverage ratio of consolidated EBITDA minus consolidated capital expenditures to consolidated interest expense paid or payable in cash plus scheduled principal payments in respect of indebtedness under the Credit Agreement of not less than 1.25 to 1.00.
* The definitions of consolidated total indebtedness and consolidated EBITDA are maintained in the credit agreement included as an exhibit to Form 8-k filed on June 6, 2019.
The Company was in compliance with the Credit Agreement covenants as of November 30, 2018.August 31, 2019.
As of August 31, 2019, there was 0 outstanding balance on the Revolving Facility. As of May 31, 2019 the carrying value of long-term debt approximates its fair market value.

The Company's maturities of principal obligations under the Credit Agreement are as follows, as of November 30, 2018:
(in thousands)
Remainder of 2019$2,500
20207,500
202111,250
202268,750
     Total term loan90,000
Revolving facility (1)
55,000
     Total debt145,000
Less: Unamortized debt issuance costs(734)
     Total144,266
Less: Current portion of long-term debt(5,000)
     Total long-term debt, net$139,266


(1) The revolving facility is due in fiscal year 2022.

8.9. INCOME TAXES
The Company provides for income taxes at the end of each interim period based on the estimated effective tax rate for the full fiscal year adjusted for any discrete events, which are recorded in the period that they occur.  The estimated annual effective tax rate prior to discrete items was 26.3%8.3% in the secondfirst quarter of fiscal 2019,2020, as compared to 59.8%17.8% for the same period in fiscal 2018.2019. In fiscal 2019,2020, the Company’s effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to the impact of the valuation allowance, foreign taxes, and state taxes.other non-deductible permanent items (such as non-deductible meals and entertainment, Section 162(m) excess compensation and non-deductible stock based compensation).
On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Reform Act”). The Tax Reform Act is significant and has wide-ranging effects.
The Company is still studying all of the ramifications of the Tax Reform Act, but expects the primary material impact of the Act to be the remeasurement of the Company’s naked credit deferred tax liability, which was recorded in fiscal 2018 as a result of the reduction in U.S. corporate tax rates from 35% to 21%. The Tax Reform Act imposes a one-time transition tax on the deemed repatriation of post-1986 undistributed foreign subsidiaries’ earnings. Based on the information available as of December 31, 2017, the Company estimated undistributed foreign earnings in fiscal 2018. The taxable income arising from this deemed repatriation is expected to result in the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards and other tax credits, offset by changes in the valuation allowance, resulting in no net impact to tax expense. No changes have been made to these estimates and the Company expects to complete its accounting for these items within the prescribed measurement period.
The Tax Reform Act also creates a new requirement that certain income earned by foreign subsidiaries (“GILTI”), must be included in U.S. gross income. The FASB allows an accounting policy election of either recognizing deferred taxes for temporary differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or recognizing such taxes as a current period expense when incurred. The Company has not yet adopted an accounting policy.
The Company regularly assesses its ability to realize its deferred tax assets. Assessing the realization of deferred tax assets requires significant management judgment. In determining whether its deferred tax assets are more likely than not realizable, the Company evaluated all available positive and negative evidence, and weighted the evidence based on its objectivity. Evidence that the Company considered included its history of net operating losses, which resulted in the Company recording a full valuation allowance for its deferred tax assets in fiscal 2016, except the naked credit deferred tax liability.

Based on the review of all available evidence, the Company determined that it has not yet attained a sustained level of profitability and the objectively verifiable negative evidence outweighed the positive evidence. Therefore, the Company has provided a valuation allowance on its federal and state net operating loss carryforwards, federal and state R&D credit carryforwards and other net deferred tax assets that have a limited life and are not supportable by the naked credit deferred tax liability sourced income as of November 30, 2018.August 31, 2019. The Company will continue to assess the level of the valuation allowance required. If sufficient positive evidence exists in future periods to support a release of some or all of the valuation allowance, such a release would likely have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations.
9.
10. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company has two stock-based compensation plans that provide for the issuance of up to approximately 11.3 million shares of common stock. The 2004 Stock and Incentive Award Plan (the "2004 Plan") provides for the grant of incentive options to the Company's employees and for the grant of non-statutory stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, performance units, performance shares and other incentive awards to the Company's employees, directors and other service providers. The Company also has an employee stock purchase plan.

For the three months ended November 30,August 31, 2019 and 2018, and 2017, share-based compensation expense was $2.6$1.9 million and $2.0 million, respectively. For the six months ended November 30, 2018 and 2017, share-based compensation expense was $4.7 million and $3.8$2.2 million, respectively.

During the sixthree months ended November 30,August 31, 2019 and 2018, and 2017, the Company granted stock options and restricted stock units under the 2004 Plan to certain employees and members of the Board of Directors. Stock option awards are valued using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and then amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. Restricted stock unit awards are valued based on the closing trading value of the Company's shares on the date of grant and then amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award.

In the first six months of fiscal year 2019, the Company granted market-based performance share awards under the 2004 Plan to certain employees. The awards may be earned by achieving relative performance levels over the three year requisite service period. The performance criteria are based on the total shareholder return ("TSR") of the Company's common stock

relative to the TSR of the common stock of a pre-defined industry peer-group. The fair value of these awards are based on the closing trading value of the Company's shares on the date of grant and use a Monte Carlo simulation model.

As of November 30, 2018,August 31, 2019, there was $18.0$16.6 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to share-based payment arrangements. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately four years. The Company has sufficient shares to satisfy expected share-based payment arrangements.

10.11. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding without consideration of potential common stock. Diluted earnings per share includes the dilutive effect of potential common stock consisting of stock options, restricted stock units and performance stock units, provided that the inclusion of such securities is not anti-dilutive. In periods with a net loss, stock options and restricted stock units are not included in the computation of diluted loss per share as the impact would be anti-dilutive.

The following table reconciles basic to diluted weighted-average shares outstanding for the three and six months ended November 30,August 31, 2019 and 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended Six Months EndedThree Months Ended
(in thousands)Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017 Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017Aug 31, 2019 Aug 31, 2018
Basic37,500
 37,066
 37,411
 36,983
37,783
 37,323
Effect of dilutive securities617
 317
 720
 339
—
 —
Diluted38,117
 37,383
 38,131
 37,322
37,783
 37,323
          
Securities excluded as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive2,384
 1,124
 2,354
 1,095
2,503
 2,309


11.12. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

The Company considers the business to be a single operating segment engaged in the development, manufacture and sale of medical devices for vascular access, peripheral vascular disease and oncology on a global basis. The Company's chief operating decision maker, the President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO), evaluates the various global product portfolios on a net sales basis. Executives reporting to the CEO include those responsible for commercial operations, manufacturing operations, regulatory and quality and certain corporate functions. The CEO evaluates profitability, investment and cash flow metrics on a consolidated worldwide basis due to shared infrastructure and resources.
The table below summarizes net sales by Global Business Unit: 
Three Months Ended Six Months EndedThree Months Ended
(in thousands)Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017 Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017Aug 31, 2019 Aug 31, 2018
Net sales          
Vascular Interventions & Therapies

$52,494
 $51,368
 $102,488
 $101,234
$28,913
 $28,598
Vascular Access23,723
 22,574
 47,513
 45,812
23,159
 23,790
Oncology15,286
 12,764
 26,842
 25,071
13,970
 11,555
Total$91,503
 $86,706
 $176,843
 $172,117
$66,042
 $63,943

The table below presents net sales by geographic area based on external customer location:
Three Months Ended Six Months EndedThree Months Ended
(in thousands)Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017 Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017Aug 31, 2019 Aug 31, 2018
Net sales          
United States$71,883
 $68,301
 $139,567
 $137,232
$52,937
 $51,496
International19,620
 18,405
 37,276
 34,885
13,105
 12,447
Total$91,503
 $86,706
 $176,843
 $172,117
$66,042
 $63,943




12.13. FAIR VALUE

On a recurring basis, the Company measures certain financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value based upon quoted market prices, where available. Where quoted market prices or other observable inputs are not available, the Company applies valuation techniques to estimate fair value. FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The categorization of financial assets and financial liabilities within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the measurement of fair value. The three levels of the hierarchy are defined as follows:

Level 1 - Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs to the valuation methodology are other observable inputs, including quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities and market-corroborated inputs.

Level 3 - Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable inputs based on management’s best estimate of inputs market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date, including assumptions about risk.


The Company's financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, accounts payable and contingent consideration. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximates fair value due to the immediate or short-term maturities. The Company's recurring fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) relate to the Company's marketable securities, which are comprised of auction rate securities, and contingent consideration.consideration liabilities.
The following tables provide information by level for assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of November 30, 2018August 31, 2019 and May 31, 2018:
2019:
Fair Value Measurements using
inputs considered as:
 Fair Value at November 30, 2018
Fair Value Measurements using
inputs considered as:
 Fair Value at August 31, 2019
(in thousands)Level 1 Level 2 Level 3  Level 1 Level 2 Level 3  
Financial Assets       
Marketable securities$—
 $—
 $1,350
 $1,350
Total Financial Assets$—
 $—
 $1,350
 $1,350
Financial Liabilities              
Contingent consideration for acquisition earn outs$—
 $—
 $26,518
 $26,518
$—
 $—
 $11,830
 $11,830
Total Financial Liabilities$—
 $—
 $26,518
 $26,518
$—
 $—
 $11,830
 $11,830
              
Fair Value Measurements using
inputs considered as:
 Fair Value at May 31, 2018
Fair Value Measurements using
inputs considered as:
 Fair Value at May 31, 2019
(in thousands)Level 1 Level 2 Level 3  Level 1 Level 2 Level 3  
Financial Assets    
 
Short-term investments*$2,100
 $—
 $—
 $2,100
Marketable securities—
 —
 1,317
 1,317
Total Financial Assets$2,100
 $—
 $1,317
 $3,417
Financial Liabilities              
Contingent consideration for acquisition earn outs$—
 $—
 $3,261
 $3,261
$—
 $—
 $13,486
 $13,486
Total Financial Liabilities$—
 $—
 $3,261
 $3,261
$—
 $—
 $13,486
 $13,486


*Included in cash and cash equivalents.
There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 and 3 for the three and six months ended November 30, 2018.August 31, 2019.


The table below presents the changes in fair value components of Level 3 instruments in the three and six months ended November 30, 2018:August 31, 2019:

Three Months Ended November 30, 2018

Financial Assets
Financial Liabilities
(in thousands)Fair Value Measurements
Using Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Fair Value Measurements
Using Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Balance, August 31, 2018$1,350
 $3,973
Contingent consideration liability recorded as the result of the acquisitions (Note 2)—
 22,301
Change in present value of contingent consideration (1)—
 244
Balance, November 30, 2018$1,350
 $26,518

Three Months Ended August 31, 2019
(in thousands)Fair Value Measurements
Using Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Balance, May 31, 2019$13,486
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):

Change in present value of contingent consideration (1)
(448)
Contingent consideration payments(1,208)
Balance, August 31, 2019$11,830
 Six Months Ended November 30, 2018
 Financial Assets Financial Liabilities
 Fair Value Measurements
Using Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)		 Fair Value Measurements
Using Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Balance, May 31, 2018$1,317
 $3,261
Contingent consideration liability recorded as the result of the acquisitions (Note 2)—
 25,101
Change in present value of contingent consideration (1)—
 256
Fair market value adjustments33
 —
Contingent consideration payments—
 (2,100)
Balance, November 30, 2018$1,350
 $26,518

(1) Change in the fair value of contingent consideration is included in earnings and comprised of changes in estimated earn out payments based on projections of Company performance and amortization of the present value discount.
Short-term Investments
Short-term investments consist of highly liquid investments in municipal bonds that reset on a weekly basis and can be called at any point in time.
Marketable Securities
Marketable securities consist solely of an auction rate security. Assumptions associated with the auction rate security include the interest rate benchmarks, the probability of full repayment of the principal considering the credit quality and guarantees in place, and the rate of return required by investors to own such securities given the current liquidity risk.
Contingent Consideration for Acquisition Earn Outs
Some of the Company's business combinations involve the potential for the payment of future contingent consideration upon the achievement of certain product development milestones or various other performance conditions. Payment of the additional consideration is generally contingent on the acquired company reaching certain performance milestones, including attaining specified revenue levels or product development targets. Contingent consideration is recorded at the estimated fair value of the contingent payments on the acquisition date. The fair value of the contingent consideration is remeasured at the estimated fair value at each reporting period with the change in fair value recognized as income or expense within change in fair value of contingent consideration in the consolidated statementsConsolidated Statements of income.Operations.

The Company measures the initial liability and remeasures the liability on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs as defined under authoritative guidance for fair value measurements. The fair value is determined using a discounted cash flow model applied to projected net sales, using probabilities of achieving projected net sales and projected payment dates. Projected net sales are based on the Company's internal projections and extensive analysis of the target market and the sales potential.

Increases or decreases in any valuation inputs in isolation may result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement in the future.


The recurring Level 3 fair value measurements of the contingent consideration liabilities include the following significant unobservable inputs as of November 30, 2018:August 31, 2019:
(in thousands)Fair Value Valuation Technique Unobservable Input RangeFair Value Valuation Technique Unobservable Input Range
Revenue based payments$17,842
 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 4% - 5%$8,533
 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 4% - 5%
  Probability of payment 66% - 100%  Probability of payment 66% - 100%
  Projected fiscal year of payment 2019 - 2023  Projected fiscal year of payment 2023
Technical milestones$5,855
 Estimated probability Estimated probability 90%$3,297
 Estimated probability Estimated probability 90%
  Projected year of payment 2020  Projected year of payment 2020 - 2022
Supplier default holdback
$2,821
 Estimated probability Estimated probability 95%
  Projected fiscal year of payment 2019
Total$26,518
 $11,830
 


At November 30, 2018,August 31, 2019, the range of estimated potential undiscounted future contingent consideration that the Company expects to pay as a result of all completed acquisitions is approximately $31.1$14.0 million to $41.1$34.0 million. The milestones, including revenue projections and technical milestones, associated with the contingent consideration must be reached in future periods ranging from fiscal years 20192020 to 2023 in order for the associated consideration to be paid.

13. MARKETABLE SECURITIES
Marketable securities, which can be government agency bonds, auction rate investments or corporate commercial paper, are classified as “available-for-sale securities” and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from operations and reported as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net14. LEASES

Adoption of related tax effects, in stockholders' equity. Cost is determinedASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)
On June 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02 using the specific identification method. modified retrospective approach. This ASU increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Comparative periods prior to adoption have not been retrospectively adjusted.

The Company holdselected the three practical expedients that permit an investment in an auction rate security that is high credit qualityentity to a) not reassess whether expired or existing contracts contain leases, b) not reassess lease classification for existing or expired leases, and generally achieved with municipal bond insurance. Sell orders for any security traded through an auction process could exceed bids and, in such cases,c) not consider whether previously capitalized initial direct costs would be appropriate under the auction fails andnew standard. Further, the Company may be unablehas elected to liquidate its positionnot recognize leases with terms of 12 months or less on the balance sheet, and elected to account for lease and non-lease components as a single component for certain classes of assets.

The adoption of this standard resulted in the security inrecording of an additional lease asset and lease liability of approximately $5.6 million. The standard did not have a material impact on the near term.Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations, Stockholders Equity or Cash Flows.

Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception of the contract. The Company has operating leases for buildings, primarily for office space, R&D, manufacturing and warehousing.

Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. Many of the lease agreements contain renewal or termination clauses that are factored into the determination of the lease term if it is reasonably certain that these options would be exercised. The Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The following table presents supplemental balance sheet information related to our leases:
(in thousands)Balance Sheet Location Aug 31, 2019
Assets   
Operating lease ROU assetOther assets $5,104
Liabilities   
Current operating lease liabilitiesOther current liabilities 1,606
Non-current operating lease liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities 3,489
Total lease liabilities  $5,095

The interest rate implicit in lease agreements is typically not participated in any recent auctions. As of November 30, 2018readily determinable, and May 31, 2018,as such the Company had $1.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively, in investments in one auctionused the incremental borrowing rate security. The authorities are current in their interest paymentsbased on the security.information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The auctionincremental borrowing rate security will mature in 2029.is defined as the interest the Company would pay to borrow on a
As
collateralized basis, considering factors such as length of November 30, 2018lease term. The following table presents the weighted average remaining lease term and May 31, 2018, marketable securities consisteddiscount rate:
Aug 31, 2019
Weighted average remaining term (in years)3.7
Weighted average discount rate4.3%

The following table presents the maturities of the following:
lease liabilities:
 November 30, 2018
(in thousands)
Amortized
cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities:       
Government agency obligations$1,350
 $—
 $—
 $1,350
 $1,350
 $—
 $—
 $1,350
 May 31, 2018
(in thousands)
Amortized
cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities:       
Government agency obligations$1,350
 $—
 $(33) $1,317
 $1,350
 $—
 $(33) $1,317
(in thousands)Aug 31, 2019
Remainder of 2020$1,142
20211,251
20221,118
20231,138
2024576
2025 and thereafter—
Total lease payments$5,225
Less: Imputed Interest130
Total lease obligations$5,095
Less: Current portion of lease obligations1,606
Long-term lease obligations$3,489


The Company recognized $0.7 million of operating lease expense during the three months ended August 31, 2019, which includes immaterial short-term leases. Within the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations, $0.3 million is classified in cost of sales and $0.4 million is classified as general and administrative.

In addition to the total lease obligations presented in the table above, we have a 7-year building operating lease with undiscounted payment obligations of $6.5 million and a 2-year building operating lease with undiscounted payment obligations of $0.4 million that are expected to commence during fiscal year 2020.

Future annual payments under non-cancelable operating leases in the aggregate at May 31, 2019, are summarized as follows:
(in thousands)May 31, 2019
2020$2,920
20212,338
20222,133
20232,131
2024 and thereafter3,227
Total lease payments$12,749


The following table presents supplemental cash flow and other information related to our leases:
 Three Months Ended August 31, 2019
(in thousands)Aug 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities 
Operating cash flows from operating leases$563
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities 
Operating leases—


14.
15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES    

Legal Proceedings

The Company is involved in various legal proceedings, including commercial, intellectual property, product liability, and regulatory matters of a nature considered normal for its business. The Company accrues for amounts related to these matters if it is probable that a liability has been incurred, and an amount can be reasonably estimated. The Company discloses such matters when there is at least a reasonable possibility that a material loss may have been incurred. However, the Company cannot predict the outcome of any litigation or the potential for future litigation.
 
C.R. Bard, Inc. v. AngioDynamics, Inc.

On January 11, 2012, C.R. Bard, Inc. (“Bard”) filed a suit in the United States District Court of Utah claiming certain of the Company's implantable port products infringe on three3 U.S. patents held by Bard (the "Utah Action"). Bard’s Complaintcomplaint sought unspecified damages and other relief. The Company filed petitions for reexamination in the US Patent and Trademark Office ("USPTO") seeking to invalidate all three3 patents asserted by Bard in the litigation. The Company's petitions were granted and 40 of Bard's 41 patent claims were rejected and, following further proceedings, the Patent Office issued a Final Rejection of all 4000040 claims subject to reexamination. Thereafter, Bard filed appeals to the USPTO Board of Appeals and Interferences for all three reexaminations. The Patent Office issued decisions in all three appeals.3 reexaminations which were decided as follows: In one (issued on March 11, 2016 for US Patent No. 7,785,302), the rejections of six6 of the ten10 claims under reexamination were affirmed, but were reversed on four4 of the ten claims. In the second (issued on March 24, 2016 for U.S. Patent No. 7,959,615), the rejections of eight8 of the ten10 claims under reexamination were affirmed but the rejections of the other two2 of the ten claims were reversed. In the third (issued on March 29 for U.S. Patent No. 7,947.022)7,947,022) the rejections of all twenty20 claims under reexamination were affirmed. Thereafter, Bard filed Requests forsought Rehearing in all three reexamination3 appeals and the Company filed Requests forsought Rehearing in two of the reexamination appeals (the ‘302 and ‘615 patent reexaminations).appeals. The PTO denied all three Rehearing Requests, - on February 1, 2017 for the ‘302; on February 17, 2017 for the ‘022; and on February 21, 2017 for the ‘615, but modified its characterization of one prior art reference for the ‘302 and ‘022 decisions. 

Bard filed a Notice of Appealappeals to the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals in all three reexams and the Company filed Cross-Appeals for the ‘302 and the ‘615 reexams. The parties havereexams and completed the process of filing the various appellate briefs.  MedCompbriefing.  Medcomp also filed an Amicus Brief in support of the Company on November 22, 2017.  An oral hearing in the case was held on September 5, 2018 and the courtCourt rendered its decision on September 28, 2018.  The Federal Circuit affirmed2018, affirming that claims 1-5 and 10 of the ‘615 patent were invalid.  The Federal Circuit also affirmed the Board’s decisioninvalid, but that claims 6-7 of the 615 patent and 1-4 of the 302 patent were valid in light ofover the asserted prior art references.references considered in the Reexamination proceedings.  The Federal Circuit also reversed the PTAB’s claim construction ruling and remanded for consideration of obviousness for the remaining claims under the new claim construction ruling and for further findings with respect to whether one of the asserted references qualified as a printed publication.  The parties are awaiting further instruction for proceeding fromOn January 28, 2019, on remand, the USPTO in lightreversed the rejections of the decision.  Meanwhile,‘302 claims 1-10, ‘022 claims 1-20 and ‘615 claims 6-9.  The USPTO has since issued Inter Partes Reexamination Certificates for the ‘302 Patent (confirming validity of claims 1-10) on June 10, 2019, and for the ‘022 patent (confirming validity of claims 1-20) on July 2, 2019, and for the ‘615 patent on August 26, 2019.   The Company has since filed a Motion to Unstay the Utah Action has been stayed pending final resolution ofCase; that motion is fully briefed and awaiting decision by the USPTO process.  OnUtah Court. Meanwhile, on July 12, 2017, Bard assigned the asserted patents to Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc. (“BPV”) which was added as Co-Appellant before the Federal Circuit and as a co-Plaintiff in the Utah action.  The Company believes these claims are without merit and intends to defend them vigorously.  The Company has not recorded an expense related to the outcome of this litigation because it is not yet possible to determine if a potential loss is probable nor reasonably estimable.

On March 10, 2015, C.R. Bard Inc. ("Bard") and Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc. (“BPV”)BPV filed suit in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware (the “Delaware Action") claiming certain of the Company's implantable port products infringe on three3 other U.S. patents held by Bard, (the “Delaware Action").which are different from those asserted in the Utah action. Bard's complaint seeks unspecified damages and other relief. The patents asserted in the Delaware Action are different than those asserted in the Utah Action. On June 1, 2015, the Company filed two2 motions in response to Bard’s Complaint - one sought transfer to the District of Utah where the Utah Action is currently pending, and the other sought dismissal of the entire complaint on grounds that none of the claims in the asserted patents is directed to patent eligible subject matter under Section 101 of the Patent Statute and in light of recent authority from the U. S. Supreme Court.

On January 12, 2016, the Court issued a decision denying both motions. A Markman hearing was held on March 10, 2017 and the Court issued its Claim Construction Order on May 19, 2017. On May 19, 2017, Bard served its Final Infringement Contentions and on June 2, 2017, the Company served its Final Invalidity Contentions.

On October 20, 2017, the scheduling order for the case was amended to, among other things, set a trial date commencing July 23, 2018. The parties completed Expert Discovery in January 2018. The parties2018 and completed briefing on their respective case

dispositive motions on April 27, 2018. On June 26, 2018, the Court denied all case dispositive motions, ruling that issues of material fact remained in dispute. On July 9, 2018, the Court continued the trial until March 2019. Meanwhile, a further Markman hearing is scheduled forOn January 9, 2019 the Court held a further claim construction hearing to resolve two2 outstanding claim construction issues which are needed before the case goesprior to trial. TheA Report and Recommendation was issued on February 11, 2019 and entered by the Court on February 28, 2019. Jury selection was held on Friday March 1, 2019 and trial began on March 4, 2019.  On day four of the jury trial, at the close of C.R. Bard’s case (Plaintiff), Judge Bataillon granted judgment as a matter of law under rule 50(a) in favor of AngioDynamics, dismissing Bard’s suit.  On April 5, 2019, Bard filed a precautionary Notice of Appeal to the Federal Circuit. On April 26, 2019, the District Court issued a Memorandum and Order confirming the grant of judgment in the Company’s favor of patent ineligibility, non-infringement, patent invalidity and no willful infringement. Meanwhile, on May 10, 2019, the Company believes thesefiled a Motion for Attorney fees and non-taxable expenses under 35 USC Sec. 285. On May 21, 2019, the Court issued a Memorandum and Order which, inter alia, stayed proceedings on the Company’s fee Motion and the Company’s equitable claims pending appeal; and entered Final Judgment on May 21, 2019 as well. Bard filed a second Notice of Appeal on May 23, 2019. Both appeals have since been consolidated and Bard’s opening brief was served on September 27, 2019 and the Company's answering brief is currently due on November 6, 2019. We maintain our belief that Bard’s claims are without merit and intends to defend them vigorously.merit. The Company has not recorded an expense related to the outcome of this litigation because it is not yet possible to determine if a potential loss is probable nor reasonably estimable.


AngioDynamics, Inc. v. C.R. Bard, Inc.

On May 30, 2017, the Company commenced an action in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York entitled AngioDynamics, Inc. v. C.R. Bard, Inc. and Bard Access Systems, Inc. (“Bard”).  In this action, the Company alleges that Bard has illegally tied the sales of its tip location systems to the sales of its PICCs.  The Company alleges that this practice violates the federal antitrust laws and has had, and continues to have, an anti-competitive effect in the market for PICCs.  The Company seeks both monetary damages and injunctive relief. Bard moved to dismiss on September 8, 2017. On August 6, 2018 the court denied Bard’s motion in its entirety.  The parties are currently engaged in discovery, which is set to close in February 2020.
Governmental InvestigationsMerz North America Settlement

In June 2014, the Company received a subpoena from the U.S. Department of Justice (the “DOJ”On May 16, 2019, Merz North America, Inc. (“Merz”) requesting documents in relation to a criminal and civil investigation the DOJ is conducting regarding BTG International, Inc.’s LC Bead® product beginning in 2003.  RITA Medical Systems and AngioDynamics, Inc., after its acquisition of RITA, was the exclusive distributor of LC Beadscommenced an action in the United States from 2006 through December 31, 2011.  The Company fully cooperatedDistrict Court for the Southern District of New York entitled Merz North America, Inc. v. AngioDynamics, Inc.  In this action, Merz alleged breach of contract against AngioDynamics based on a March 1, 2016 Distribution Agreement.  On June 28, 2019, AngioDynamics reached a settlement with this investigation.
In April 2015, the Company receivedMerz. AngioDynamics made a subpoena from the DOJ requesting documentslump-sum payment of $2.5 million to Merz in relation to a criminal and civil investigation the DOJ is conducting regarding purported promotion of certainreturn for dismissal of the Company's VenaCure EVLT products for un-cleared indications.  The Company fully cooperatedcase with this investigation.
Asprejudice during the first quarter.  Merz filed a stipulation of May 31, 2017, the Company accrued $12.5 million for these matters and in August 2017 the Company agreed in principledismissal with the government to resolve these matters for approximately $12.5 million plus interest. InCourt on July 2018, the Company executed the final settlements and paid approximately $12.7 million.

23, 2019.

15.16. ACQUISITION, RESTRUCTURING, AND OTHER ITEMS, NET

Acquisition, Restructuring and Other Items
For the three and six months ended November 30,August 31, 2019 and 2018 and 2017 acquisition, restructuring and other items, net consisted of:
Three months ended Six Months EndedThree months ended
(in thousands)Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017 Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017Aug 31, 2019 Aug 31, 2018
Legal*$867
 $2,236
 $3,747
 $3,848
Legal (1)
$669
 $2,880
Mergers and acquisitions(2)1,543
 980
 2,862
 1,132
246
 1,318
Transition service agreement (3)
(737) —
Divestiture (4)
758
 —
Restructuring128
 1,420
 258
 2,636
26
 130
Other190
 130
 283
 139
538
 94
Total$2,728
 $4,766
 $7,150
 $7,755
$1,500
 $4,422


*(1) Legal expenses related to litigation that is outside the normal course of business.
(2) Mergers and acquisitions expenses related to investment banking, legal and due diligence.
(3) Transition services agreement that was entered into as a result of the sale of the Fluid Management business.
(4) Divestiture expenses incurred to transition manufacturing from Glens Falls, NY to Queensbury, NY.

Included in the $0.7 million in legal for the three months ended August 31, 2019 is a $0.4 million settlement received for the Biolitec bankruptcy litigation. The settlement received offsets legal expenses paid related to the settlement proceedings.

Restructuring

The Company evaluates its performance and looks for opportunities to improve the overall operations of the Company on an ongoing basis. As a result of this evaluation, certain restructuring initiatives are taken to enhance the Company’s overall operations.
Operational Consolidation
On February 1, 2017, the Company announced to employees an operational consolidation plan (the “plan”) to consolidate its manufacturing facilities in Manchester, GA and Denmead, UK into the Glens Falls and Queensbury, NY facilities. This plan will streamline and optimize the manufacturing functions into one centralized location increasing the utilization of the Glens Falls and Queensbury facilities, optimizing inventory and reducing cost of goods sold through savings in overhead expenses and direct labor. The restructuring activities associated with the plan were completed in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2018 with immaterial regulatory filing costs to be incurred in fiscal year 2019.

incurred.
The Company recorded restructuring charges related to the plan during the three and six months ended November 30,August 31, 2019 and 2018 of less than $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended November 30, 2017, the Company recorded $1.4 million and $2.6$0.1 million, respectively. Total restructuring charges recorded to date are $6.2$6.3 million. Termination benefits are only earned if an employee stays until their termination date; therefore, the expenses related to termination benefits are being recorded ratably over the service period.
The table below presents the restructuring reserve for the three and six months ended November 30, 2018:
  Three Months Ended November 30, 2018
  Termination Benefits Plant Consolidation Regulatory Filings Contract Cancellation Costs Total
(in thousands)          
Balance at August 31, 2018 $317
 $17
 $14
 $200
 $548
Charges —
 126
 2
 —
 128
Cash payments (216) (143) (16) —
 (375)
Balance at November 30, 2018 $101
 $—
 $—
 $200
 $301
  Six Months Ended November 30, 2018
  Termination Benefits Plant Consolidation Regulatory Filings Contract Cancellation Costs Total
(in thousands)          
Balance at May 31, 2018 $838
 $21
 $12
 $200
 $1,071
Charges —
 236
 22
 —
 258
Cash payments (737) (257) (34) —
 (1,028)
Balance at November 30, 2018 $101
 $—
 $—
 $200
 $301
The Company’s remaining restructuring liability of $0.3 million is mainly comprised of accruals for termination benefitsregulatory expenses which are expected to be paid in the next twelve months and contract cancellation costs which are included in accrued expenses"accrued liabilities" on the consolidated balance sheet.Consolidated Balance Sheet.
16.17. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)LOSS

Changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss),loss, net of tax, are as follows for the three and six months ended November 30, 2018:

August 31, 2019:
  Three months ended November 30, 2018
(in thousands) Foreign currency translation gain (loss) Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities Total
Balance at August 31, 2018 $(1,160) $116
 $(1,044)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications, net of tax (206) —
 (206)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income —
 —
 —
Net other comprehensive loss $(206) $—
 $(206)
Balance at November 30, 2018 $(1,366) $116
 $(1,250)


  Six months ended November 30, 2018
(in thousands) Foreign currency translation gain (loss) Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities Total
Balance at May 31, 2018 $(1,035) $83
 $(952)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax (331) 33
 (298)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income —
 —
 —
Net other comprehensive income (loss) $(331) $33
 $(298)
Balance at November 30, 2018 $(1,366) $116
 $(1,250)
 Three months ended August 31, 2019
(in thousands)Foreign currency translation loss
Balance at May 31, 2019$(1,352)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications, net of tax(151)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss—
Net other comprehensive loss$(151)
Balance at August 31, 2019$(1,503)





17.18. RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

The following table provides a description of recent accounting pronouncements that may have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements:
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - Adopted
StandardDescriptionDate AdoptedEffect on the Consolidated Financial Statements
ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09)
This ASU provides a single, comprehensive accounting model for revenues arising from contracts with customers that supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. Under this model, revenue is recognized at an amount that an entity expects to be entitled to upon transferring control of goods or services to a customer, as opposed to when risks and rewards transfer to a customer under existing revenue recognition guidance.June 1, 2018
See Note 3, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" for the required disclosures related to the impact of adopting this standard.
                                                                 The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations.

ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (ASU 2016-15)
This ASU identifies how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the Statement of Cash Flows under Topic 230.June 1, 2018This adoption did not have an impact on the Company's financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - Not Yet Applicable or Adopted
StandardDescriptionEffective DateEffect on the Consolidated Financial Statements
ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)
This ASU increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. For leases with a term of twelve months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and liabilities.June 1, 2019
Refer to Note 14, Leases, for the required disclosures related to adopting this standard.



Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - Not Yet Applicable or Adopted
StandardDescriptionEffective DateEffect on the Consolidated Financial Statements
ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)

This ASU removes, modifies and adds various disclosure requirements related to fair value disclosures. Disclosures related to transfers between fair value hierarchy levels will be removed and further detail around changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period and unobservable inputs used in determining level 3 fair value measurements will be added, among other changes.June 1, 2020
The Company is currently in the process of evaluatingassessing the impact of this ASUstandard on itsthe consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
This ASU replaces the current incurred loss impairment methodology for financial assets measured at amortized cost with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information, including forecasted information, to develop credit loss estimates.June 1, 2020The Company is currently assessing the impact of this standard on the consolidated financial statements.






19. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On October 2, 2019, the Company acquired Eximo Medical, Ltd., a pre-commercial stage medical device company and its proprietary 355nm B Laser Atherectomy technology, for an aggregate purchase price of $45.8 million with up to $20.0 million of potential future contingent consideration related to technical and revenue milestones. This acquisition expands and complements the Company’s Vascular Interventions and Therapies product portfolio by adding the 355nm B Laser Atherectomy technology which treats Peripheral Artery Disease.


Item 2.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following information should be read together with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and other information included elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Forward-Looking Statements
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q, including the sections entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements regarding AngioDynamics’ expected future financial position, results of operations, cash flows, business strategy, budgets, projected costs, capital expenditures, products, competitive positions, growth opportunities, plans and objectives of management for future operations, as well as statements that include the words such as “expects,” “reaffirms,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” or variations of such words and similar expressions, are forward-looking statements. These forward looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Investors are cautioned that actual events or results may differ from our expectations. Factors that may affect our actual results achieved include, without limitation, our ability to develop existing and new products, future actions by FDA or other regulatory agencies, results of pending or future clinical trials, the results of ongoing litigation, overall economic conditions, general market conditions, market acceptance, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, the effects on pricing from group purchasing organizations and competition, as well as our ability to integrate purchased businesses. Other risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the factors described from time to time in our reports filed with the SEC.

Although we believe that the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained herein are reasonable, any of the assumptions could be inaccurate and, therefore, there can be no assurance that the forward-looking statements included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q will prove to be accurate. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included herein, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that our objectives and plans will be achieved. Any forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and, as such, speak only as of the date made. AngioDynamics disclaims any obligation to update the forward-looking statements. Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements which speak only as of the date stated, or if no date is stated, as of the date of this document.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Company and Market

We design, manufacture and sell a wide range of medical, surgical and diagnostic devices used by professional healthcare providers for vascular access, for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and for use in oncology and surgical settings. Our devices are generally used in minimally invasive, image-guided procedures. MostMany of our products are intended to be used once and then discarded, or they may be temporarily implanted for short- or longer-term use.

Our business operations cross a variety of markets. Our financial performance is impacted by changing market dynamics, which have included an emergence of value-based purchasing by healthcare providers, consolidation of healthcare providers, the increased role of the consumer in health care decision-making and an aging population, among others. In addition, our growth is impacted by changes within our sector, such as the merging of competitors to gain scale and influence; changes in the regulatory environment for medical device; and fluctuations in the global economy.

Our sales and profitability growth also depends, in part, on the introduction of new and innovative products, together with ongoing enhancements to our existing products. Expansions to our product offerings are created through internal product development, technology licensing and strategic alliances. We recognize the importance of, and intend to continue to make investments in research and development activities and business development opportunities and feel confident that our existing capital structure and free cash flow generation will allow us to properly fund those activities. This was evident with the BioSentry and RadiaDyne acquisitions noted below.

On August 14, 2018, the Company acquired the BioSentry Tract Sealant System (BioSentry) technology from Surgical Specialties, LLC, a medical device company headquartered in Westwood, Massachusetts for a total purchase price of $39.8 million of which $37.0 million was paid on August 14, 2018 and $2.8 million was recorded as contingent consideration. The contingent consideration liability was recorded at fair value and will be payable to SSC upon fulfillment of certain hydrogel orders. This is part of the Company’s strategic focus on building a continuum of care within the oncology space. Refer to Note 2 for further disclosure on the acquisition.


On September 21, 2018, the Company acquired RadiaDyne, a privately held medical diagnostic and device company that designs and develops patient dose monitoring technology to improve cancer treatment outcomes. The aggregate purchase price of $75.0 million included an upfront payment of $47.9 million, contingent consideration with an estimated fair value of $22.3 million, an indemnification holdback of $4.6 million and a purchase price holdback of $0.2 million. The fair value of $22.3 million is comprised of $16.5 million for the revenue milestones and $5.8 million for the technical milestones. The $4.6 million indemnification holdback is recorded in other long-term liabilities and the $0.2 million purchase price holdback is recorded in accrued liabilities. This acquisition expands the Company’s growing Oncology business by adding RadiaDyne’s early-stage, proprietary OARtrac® real-time radiation dose monitoring platform and other market-leading oncology solutions, including the IsoLoc®/ImmobiLoc® and Alatus® balloon stabilizing technologies.
We sell our products in the United States primarily through a direct sales force, and outside the U.S. through a combination of a direct sales and distributor relationships. We expect our businesses to grow in both sales and profitability through geographic expansion, market penetration, new product introductions and increasing our direct presence internationally.

On May 31, 2019, the Company completed the sale of the NAMIC Fluid Management business (the “Divestiture”) and all of the assets used primarily in connection with the Fluid Management business to Medline Industries, Inc. (“Medline”) pursuant to an asset purchase agreement dated April 17, 2019 (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”). Total consideration received

by the Company for the Divestiture in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019 was $169.2 million in cash and resulted in a gain of $46.6 million after working capital adjustments of $0.6 million. A portion of the net proceeds were used on June 3, 2019 to retire the outstanding balance on the Term Loan and Revolving Facility and the remaining net proceeds will continue to be invested in the business.
In evaluating the operating performance of our business, management focuses on revenue, gross margin, operating income, earnings per share and cash flow from operations. A summary of these key financial metrics for the three and six months ended November 30, 2018August 31, 2019 compared to the three and six months ended November 30, 2017August 31, 2018 follows:

Three months ended November 30, 2018:August 31, 2019:

Revenue increased by 5.5%3.3% to $91.5$66.0 million
•
Gross margin increased 440170 bps to 53.7%57.9%
•
Operating income increasedloss decreased by $2.9$5.3 million to $4.0$0.8 million
•
Earnings per share increased by $0.05 to $0.06

Six months ended November 30, 2018:

•
Revenue increased by 2.7% to $176.8 million
•
Gross margin increased 410 bps to 52.9%
Operating income increasedLoss per share from continuing operations improved by $3.0$0.12 to $4.3 million
•
Earnings per share increased bya loss of $0.03 to $0.04
Cash flow provided by operations decreased by $9.1 million to $4.1 million

New Accounting Pronouncements

Information regarding new accounting pronouncements is included in Note 1718 to our consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Results of Operations for the Three Months ended November 30,Ended August 31, 2019 and 2018 and 2017

For the three months ended November 30, 2018, weAugust 31, 2019, the Company reported net incomeloss of $2.1$1.3 million, or $0.06$0.03 per diluted share, on net sales of $91.5$66.0 million, compared with net incomeloss of $0.2$5.7 million, or $0.01$0.15 loss per diluted share, on net sales of $86.7$63.9 million during the same quarter of the prior year.

Net Sales

Net sales - Net sales are derived from the sale of our products and related freight charges, less discounts and returns.

Net sales for the three months ended November 30, 2018August 31, 2019 and 2017:2018:


Three months endedThree months ended
(in thousands)Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017 % GrowthAug 31, 2019 Aug 31, 2018 % Growth
Net Sales by Global Business Unit        
Vascular Interventions & Therapies$52,494
 $51,368
 2.2%$28,913
 $28,598
 1.1%
Vascular Access23,723
 22,574
 5.1%23,159
 23,790
 (2.7)%
Oncology15,286
 12,764
 19.8%13,970
 11,555
 20.9%
Total$91,503
 $86,706
 5.5%$66,042
 $63,943
 3.3%
        
Net Sales by Geography        
United States$71,883
 $68,301
 5.2%$52,937
 $51,496
 2.8%
International19,620
 18,405
 6.6%13,105
 12,447
 5.3%
Total$91,503
 $86,706
 5.5%$66,042
 $63,943
 3.3%
For the three months ended November 30, 2018,August 31, 2019, net sales increased $4.8$2.1 million to $91.5$66.0 million compared to the same period in the prior year.
Vascular Interventions & Therapies

Total Vascular Interventions & Therapies sales increased $1.1$0.3 million primarily attributable to strong performance in Fluid Management and AngioVac. The increase in Fluid Management was attributed to continued efforts around new custom kits.with the AngioVac business which grew $1.0 million year over year. The Company continues to see strong case volumes in AngioVac. AngioVac, case volumewhich increased 10%38% from the prior year due to increased adoption of the Company's unique technology. These increases were partially offset by decreased sales volume of Venous productsthe decline in our Sclerotherapy business due to reimbursement challenges.the termination of the Asclera distribution agreement.

U.S. Vascular Interventions & Therapies sales increased $0.6decreased $0.2 million due to an increasethe decline in volume in Fluid Managementour Sclerotherapy business as a result of the termination of the Asclera distribution agreement and AngioVac.Core Peripheral products. This was partially offset by decreased salesincreased case volume of Venous products.in AngioVac.
International Vascular Interventions & Therapies sales increased $0.5 million due to an increase inincreased volume in Angiographic catheters.catheters primarily in EMEA (Europe, the Middle East and Africa).

Vascular Access

Total Vascular Access sales increased $1.1decreased $0.6 million due to decreases in PICCs and Ports partially offset by growth primarily in our BioFlo businesses. Ourthe Dialysis business of $0.5 million and the launch of the BIIM ultrasound product in fiscal year 2019 which contributed $0.2 million in growth year over year. BioFlo product lines increased $0.7 million year over year. The Company's BioFlo portfolio now comprisescomprise 50% of overall Vascular Access sales, compared to 49%which is consistent with a year ago.
U.S. Vascular Access sales increaseddecreased by $0.2$1.1 million due to competitive pressures in the PICC product lines and lower Port sales. This was partially offset by growth in Midlines and BioFlo Dialysis products which continue to gain traction in the marketplace. In addition, there was $0.2 million of sales of the BIIM ultrasound product which was launched in FY19. This was partially offset by competitive pressures in the PICC product lines.
International Vascular Access sales increased by $0.9$0.5 million as the Company continues to expand its global reach of its Vascular Access product offerings.

Oncology

Total Oncology sales increased $2.5$2.4 million year over year primarily due to increased sales of NanoKnife capital and disposables along with $1.6$1.7 million in sales related to BioSentryof RadiaDyne products and $1.3along with $1.0 million in sales related to RadiaDyneof BioSentry products. This was partially offset by decreased sales inof Radiofrequency Ablation and Microwave disposables. Microwave sales were negatively impacted by the timing of the Company's prior year replacement shipments of $0.9 million which took place in the second quarter of the prior year as a result of the market withdrawal of Acculis.Ablation.
U.S. Oncology sales increased by $3.0$2.8 million, driven by RadiaDyne sales of $1.7 million and BioSentry sales of $1.6 million and RadiaDyne sales of $1.3$0.9 million. This was partially offset by a decrease in RadioFrequency Ablation sales.
International Oncology sales decreased by $0.5$0.4 million year over year as a result of decreased NanoKnife disposable sales of $0.6 million and decreased RadioFrequency Ablation and Microwave Ablation product sales which wereof $0.2 million. This was partially offset by increasedan increase in NanoKnife disposable sales.

capital sales of $0.6 million.
Gross Profit, Operating expenses, and Other income (expense)
 Three months ended Three months ended
(in thousands) Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017 % Change Aug 31, 2019 Aug 31, 2018 % Change
Gross profit $49,109
 $42,731
 15% $38,217
 $35,953
 6.3 %
Gross profit % of sales 53.7% 49.3% 
 57.9% 56.2%  
Research and development $7,363
 $6,107
 21% $6,292
 $7,374
 (14.7)%
% of sales 8.0% 7.0% 
 9.5% 11.5%  
Selling and marketing $20,269
 $18,967
 7% $19,380
 $18,405
 5.3 %
% of sales 22.2% 21.9% 
 29.3% 28.8%  
General and administrative $9,336
 $7,540
 24% $8,453
 $8,435
 0.2 %
% of sales 10.2% 8.7% 
 12.8% 13.2%  

Gross profit - Gross profit consists of net sales less the cost of goods sold, which includes the costs of materials, products purchased from third parties and sold by us, manufacturing personnel, royalties, freight, business insurance, depreciation of property and equipment and other manufacturing overhead, exclusive of intangible amortization.

Gross profit increased by $6.4$2.3 million compared to the prior year. The increase is primarily attributable to the following:
    
Sales volume and mix contributed $2.0 million of favorability offset by increased freight expense of $0.3 million.
Sales of BioSentry and RadiaDyne products contributed $2.0$2.2 million to gross profit.
$1.0Sales volume and mix positively contributed $0.7 million year over year.
Net productivity contributed $0.5 million of favorability as a resultfavorability.
Currency and pricing headwinds negatively impacted gross margin by $0.5 million year over year, primarily driven by pricing.
The termination of the plant consolidation.
Prior year reserve of $1.7 million related to the discontinuation of our RadioFrequency Ablation product in Japan.
The expiration of a royaltyAsclera distribution agreement in fiscal year 2018 resulted in $0.2 million of favorability compared to the prior year.
Currency fluctuations had an unfavorable impact of $0.2negatively impacted gross margin by $0.6 million.



Research and development expenses - Research and development (“R&D”) expenses include internal and external costs to develop new products, enhance existing products, validate new and enhanced products, and manage clinical, regulatory and medical affairs.

R&D expense increased $1.3decreased $1.1 million compared to the prior year. The increasedecrease is primarily attributable to the following:

$1.2Outside consultant spend decreased $0.5 million.
Compensation and benefits decreased approximately $0.1 million increasedue to decreased headcount as part of a process to streamline the R&D function.
Other R&D expenses, including facilities, samples and project initiatives timing resulted in new product development and clinical efforts related to the Company’s investment areasa decrease of NanoKnife, Thrombus Management and BioFlo.
$0.2 million increase in backfilling of open positions from prior year.$0.5 million.

Sales and marketing expenses - Sales and marketing (“S&M”) expenses consist primarily of salaries, commissions, travel and related business expenses, attendance at medical society meetings, product promotions and marketing activities.

S&M expense increased $1.3$1.0 million compared to the prior year. The increase is primarily attributable to the following:

Compensation and benefits increase of approximately $0.4 million. $0.9$0.7 million of the increasewhich is primarily attributed to increased headcount as a result of the BioSentry and RadiaDyne acquisitions offset by lower variable compensationacquisitions.
Other sales and decreased severance expense.
Increased travel ofmarketing expenses increased $0.3 million as a result of the increased headcount.
Increased consulting spend of $0.2 million and increased spend related to marketing efforts for new product introductions of $0.4 million.

General and administrative expenses - General and administrative (“G&A”) expenses include executive management, finance, information technology, human resources, business development, legal, and the administrative and professional costs associated with those activities.

G&A expense increased $1.8 million comparedremained consistent to the prior year. The increase is primarily attributable toEven though G&A remained consistent, there were the following:following changes in the types of expenses incurred:


Compensation and benefits increasedecrease of approximately $1.0$0.6 million primarily as a result of increased variable compensation, inflationthe timing of salaries and benefits, backfilling of prior year openings, increased headcount from the RadiaDyne acquisition andfully vested stock based compensation.compensation awards and lower high cost benefit claims.
Increased legalLegal and professional fees relating to ongoing litigation that is within the normal course of business ofincreased $0.3 million.
Increased other expenses including supplies of $0.3Outside consultant spend increased $0.2 million.
 Three months ended Three months ended
(in thousands) Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017 $ Change Aug 31, 2019 Aug 31, 2018 $ Change
Amortization of intangibles $5,188
 $4,146
 $1,042
 $3,868
 $3,434
 $434
Change in fair value of contingent consideration $244
 $82
 $162
 $(448) $12
 $(460)
Acquisition, restructuring and other items, net $2,728
 $4,766
 $(2,038) $1,500
 $4,422
 $(2,922)
Other expense $(1,250) $(1,040) $(210) $(563) $(803) $240

Amortization of intangibles - Represents the amount of amortization expense that was taken on intangibles assets held by the Company.

The increasechange in amortization expense from the prior year is due to intangible asset additions as a result of the BioSentry and RadiaDyne acquisitions. The BioSentry acquisition increased intangible assets by $26.0 million and resulted in additional amortization expense of $0.5 million. The RadiaDyne acquisition increased intangible assets by $25.6 million and resulted in additional amortization expense of $0.6 million. The RadiaDyne acquisition increasedThis was partially offset by the write-off of the Merz intangible assets by $22.1 millionin the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019 and resulted in additional amortization expense of $0.4 million.other intangibles that became fully amortized.

Change in fair value of contingent consideration - Represents changes in contingent consideration driven by changes to estimated future payments on earn-out liabilities created through acquisitions and amortization of present value discounts on long-term contingent consideration.

The increasechange from the prior year is due to the gain of $0.6 million that was recorded on the technical milestones and revenue milestones for the RadiaDyne contingent considerations that were recorded as part consideration. This gain was partially offset by normal amortization

of the BioSentry and RadiaDyne acquisitions of $2.8 million and $22.3 million, respectively. The change in the fair value in contingent consideration is the result of amortization of the present value discount of $0.2$0.1 million. In addition, in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, the final minimum payment of $1.2 million was made on the AngioVac product contingent consideration and a $2.1 million payment was made onpaid for the Microsulis contingent consideration during the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Only one minimum payment is remaining on the Microsulis contingent consideration.2020.

Acquisition, restructuring and other items, net - Represents costs associated with mergers and acquisitions, restructuring expenses, legal costs that are related to litigation that is not in the ordinary course of business, legal settlements and other one-time items.

Acquisition, restructuring and other items, net decreased by $2.0$2.9 million compared to the prior year. The decrease is primarily attributable to the following:

M&A expensesexpense of $1.5$0.2 million werewas incurred in the secondfirst quarter of fiscal year 20192020 compared to $1.0$1.3 million in the prior year.
Legal expenses,expense, related to litigation that is outside of the normal course of business, of $0.9$1.1 million werewas recorded in the secondfirst quarter of fiscal year 20192020, partially offset by the Biolitec bankruptcy settlement of $0.4 million, compared to $2.2$2.9 million in the prior year.
In the secondfirst quarter of fiscal year 2018,2020, the Company incurred $1.4$0.8 million of expense which consisted of $0.6 million of severance and $0.8 million of costs to move manufacturing facilities as a result of the product lines relatedsale of the Fluid Management business.
As part of the sale of the Fluid Management business, the Company entered into a transition services agreement with Medline for certain legal, human resource, tax, accounting and information technology services from the Company for a period not to exceed 24 months. As a result of the plant consolidation that was announcedtransition services agreement, the Company invoiced Medline $0.7 million in the thirdfirst quarter of fiscal year 2017. The plant consolidation was completed2020.
Other expenses of $0.5 million in the fourthfirst quarter of fiscal year 2018; therefore, only $0.1 million2020 consists of expense was incurred inexpenses to move the second quartermanufacturing of fiscal year 2019.BioSentry products and severance associated with the sale of the Fluid Management business.

Other expenses, net - Other expenses include interest expense, foreign currency impacts, bank fees, and amortization of deferred financing costs.

The increasedecrease in other expenses from the prior year of $0.2 million is due to increaseddecreased interest expense of $0.6$0.9 million primarilyas the Credit Facility was paid down in full at the beginning of the first quarter of fiscal year 2020. In addition to the decrease in interest expense, interest income increased $0.2 million from the prior year as a result of increased cash due to proceeds from the $55.0 million draw onsale of the revolver duringFluid Management business. These increases are partially offset by the second quarter. In addition, otherwrite-off of the deferred financing fees that were associated with the old Credit Facility of $0.6 million. Other expenses also include foreign currency fluctuations which increased by $0.3 million. These increases were partially offset by foreign currency fluctuations of $0.6 million.


Income Tax Provision (Benefit)
 Three months ended Three months ended
(in thousands) Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017 Aug 31, 2019 Aug 31, 2018
Income tax expense (benefit) $0.6
 $(0.2) $(0.1) $(1.2)
Effective tax rate including discrete items 21.6% (200.0)% 8.3% 17.7%

Our effective tax rate including discrete items for the three month periods ended November 30,August 31, 2019 and 2018 was 8.3% and 2017 was 21.6% and negative (200.0)%17.7%, respectively. In fiscal 2019,2020, the Company'sCompany’s effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to the impact of the valuation allowance, foreign taxes, and state taxes.other non-deductible permanent items (such as non-deductible meals and entertainment, Section 162(m) excess compensation and non-deductible stock based compensation).

The estimated annual effective tax rate, however, prior to discrete items was 26.3%8.3% in the secondfirst quarter of fiscal 2019,2020, as compared to 59.8%17.8% for the same period in fiscal 2018.

The Company regularly assesses its ability to realize its deferred tax assets. Assessing the realization of deferred tax assets requires significant management judgment. In determining whether its deferred tax assets are more likely than not realizable, the Company evaluated all available positive and negative evidence, and weighted the evidence based on its objectivity. Evidence the Company considered included its history of net operating losses, which resulted in the Company recording a full valuation allowance for its deferred tax assets in fiscal 2016, except the naked credit deferred tax liability.
Based on the review of all available evidence, the Company determined that it has not yet attained a sustained level of profitability and the objectively verifiable negative evidence outweighed the positive evidence. Therefore, the Company has provided a valuation allowance on its federal and state net operating loss carryforwards, federal and state R&D credit carryforwards and other net deferred tax assets that have a limited life and are not supportable by the naked credit deferred tax liability sourced income as of November 30, 2018. The Company will continue to assess the level of the valuation allowance required. If sufficient positive evidence exists in future periods to support a release of some or all of the valuation allowance, such a release would likely have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations.
Results of Operations for the Six Months ended November 30, 2018 and 2017

For the six months ended November 30, 2018, we reported net income of $1.7 million, or $0.04 per diluted share, on net sales of $176.8 million, compared with net income of $0.2 million, or $0.01 per share, on net sales of $172.1 million during the same quarter of the prior year.

Net Sales

Net sales - Net sales are derived from the sale of our products and related freight charges, less discounts and returns.

Net sales for the six months ended November 30, 2018 and 2017:

 Six Months Ended
(in thousands)Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017 % Growth
Net Sales by Global Business Unit     
       Vascular Interventions & Therapies$102,488
 $101,234
 1.2%
       Vascular Access47,513
 $45,812
 3.7%
       Oncology26,842
 $25,071
 7.1%
            Total$176,843
 $172,117
 2.7%
      
Net Sales by Geography     
       United States$139,567
 $137,232
 1.7%
       International37,276
 $34,885
 6.9%
           Total$176,843
 $172,117
 2.7%
For the six months ended November 30, 2018, net sales increased $4.7 million to $176.8 million compared to the same period in the prior year.

Vascular Interventions & Therapies

Total Vascular Interventions & Therapies sales increased $1.3 million primarily attributable to strong performance in Fluid Management, Angiographic catheters and AngioVac. The increase in Fluid Management was attributed to continued efforts around new custom kits. The Company continues to see strong results in the Angiographic catheters business and has maintained the majority of the business from a competitor's recall. The Company continues to see strong case volumes in AngioVac. AngioVac case volume increased 12% percent from the prior year due to increased adoption of the Company's unique technology. These increases were partially offset by decreased sales volume of Venous products due to reimbursement challenges.
U.S. Vascular Interventions & Therapies sales increased $0.8 million due to an increase in volume in Fluid Management, Angiographic catheters and AngioVac. This was partially offset by decreased sales volume of Venous products.
International Vascular Interventions & Therapies sales increased $0.5 million due to an increase in volume in Venous and Angiographic catheters.

Vascular Access

Total Vascular Access sales increased $1.7 million due to growth primarily in our BioFlo businesses. Our BioFlo product lines increased $1.3 million year over year. The Company's BioFlo portfolio now comprises 50% of overall Vascular Access sales, compared to 49% a year ago.
U.S. Vascular Access sales increased by $0.1 million due to growth in Midlines and BioFlo Dialysis products which continue to gain traction in the marketplace. This was partially offset by competitive pressures in the PICC product line.
International Vascular Access sales increased by $1.6 million as the Company continues to expand its global reach of its Vascular Access product offerings.

Oncology

Total Oncology sales increased $1.8 million year over year primarily due to increased sales of NanoKnife capital and disposables of $1.2 million along with $1.9 million in sales from BioSentry products and $1.3 million in sales from RadiaDyne products. This was partially offset by decreased sales in Radiofrequency Ablation and Microwave disposables. Microwave sales were negatively impacted by the timing of the Company's prior year replacement shipments of $2.5 million which took place in the first and second quarters of the prior year as a result of the market withdrawal of Acculis.
U.S. Oncology sales increased by $2.0 million primarily due to increased sales of NanoKnife capital and disposables along with $1.9 million in sales related to BioSentry products and $1.3 million in sales related to RadiaDyne products. This was partially offset by a $0.7 million decrease in sales of RadioFrequency Ablation and Microwave capital and disposables.
International Oncology sales decreased by $0.2 million due to decreased RadioFrequency Ablation and Microwave sales of $1.4 million, partially offset by increased NanoKnife capital and disposable sales of $1.2 million.
Gross Profit, Operating expenses, and Other income (expense)
  Six months ended
(in thousands) Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017 % Change
Gross profit $93,576
 $83,960
 11%
Gross profit % of sales 52.9% 48.8% 
Research and development $15,025
 $12,548
 20%
% of sales 8.5% 7.3% 
Selling and marketing $39,702
 $38,369
 3%
% of sales 22.5% 22.3% 
General and administrative $17,832
 $15,596
 14%
% of sales 10.1% 9.1% 


Gross profit - Gross profit consists of net sales less the cost of goods sold, which includes the costs of materials, products purchased from third parties and sold by us, manufacturing personnel, royalties, freight, business insurance, depreciation of property and equipment and other manufacturing overhead, exclusive of intangible amortization.

Gross profit increased by $9.6 million compared to the prior year. The increase is primarily attributable to the following:

Sales volume/mix contributed $2.6 million of favorability year over year offset by increased freight expense of $0.6 million.
Sales of BioSentry and RadiaDyne products contributed $2.3 million to gross profit.
$2.0 million of favorability as a result of the plant consolidation.
Prior year reserve of $1.7 million related to the discontinuation of our RadioFrequency Ablation product in Japan.
The expiration of a royalty agreement in fiscal year 2018 resulted in $1.5 million of favorability compared to the prior year.

Research and development expenses - Research and development (“R&D”) expenses include internal and external costs to develop new products, enhance existing products, validate new and enhanced products, and manage clinical, regulatory and medical affairs.

R&D expense increased $2.5 million compared to the prior year. The increase is primarily attributable to the following:

$1.8 million increase in new product development and clinical efforts related to the Company’s investment areas of NanoKnife, Thrombus Management and BioFlo.
$0.6 million increase in backfilling of open positions from prior year.

Sales and marketing expenses - Sales and marketing (“S&M”) expenses consist primarily of salaries, commissions, travel and related business expenses, attendance at medical society meetings, product promotions and marketing activities.

S&M expense increased $1.3 million compared to the prior year. The increase is primarily attributable to the following:

Compensation and benefits increase of approximately $0.5 million. $0.8 million of the increase is attributed to increased headcount as a result of the BioSentry and RadiaDyne acquisitions offset by lower variable compensation and decreased severance expense.
Increased travel of $0.5 million as a result of the increased headcount.
Increased consulting spend of $0.2 million and increased spend for trade shows and meeting expenses of $0.4 million were partially offset by $0.2 million decrease in office supplies and $0.1 million in lease expense.

General and administrative expenses - General and administrative (“G&A”) expenses include executive management, finance, information technology, human resources, business development, legal, and the administrative and professional costs associated with those activities.

G&A expense increased $2.2 million compared to the prior year. The increase is primarily attributable to the following:

Compensation and benefits increase of approximately $1.8 million primarily as a result of increased variable compensation, inflation of salaries and benefits, backfilling of prior year openings, increased headcount from the RadiaDyne acquisition and stock based compensation.
Increased other expenses including supplies of $0.2 million and lease expense of $0.1 million.
  Six months ended
(in thousands) Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017 $ Change
Amortization of intangibles $9,304
 $8,242
 $1,062
Change in fair value of contingent consideration $256
 $187
 $69
Acquisition, restructuring and other items, net $7,150
 $7,755
 $(605)
Other expense $(2,053) $(1,196) $(857)

Amortization of intangibles - Represents the amount of amortization expense that was taken on intangibles assets held by the Company.

The increase in amortization expense from the prior year is due to intangible asset additions as a result of the BioSentry and RadiaDyne acquisitions. The BioSentry acquisition increased intangible assets by $25.6 million and resulted in additional amortization expense of $0.6 million. The RadiaDyne acquisition increased intangible assets by $22.1 million and resulted in additional amortization expense of $0.4 million.

Change in fair value of contingent consideration - Represents changes in contingent consideration driven by changes to estimated future payments on earn-out liabilities created through acquisitions and amortization of present value discounts on long-term contingent consideration.

The increase from the prior year is due to the contingent considerations that were recorded as part of the BioSentry and RadiaDyne acquisitions of $2.8 million and $22.3 million, respectively. The change in the fair value in contingent consideration is the result of amortization of the present value discount of $0.3 million. In addition, in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, the final minimum payment was made on the AngioVac product contingent consideration and a $2.1 million payment was made on the Microsulis contingent consideration during the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Only one minimum payment is remaining on the Microsulis contingent consideration.

Acquisition, restructuring and other items, net - Represents costs associated with mergers and acquisitions, restructuring expenses, legal costs that are related to litigation that is not in the ordinary course of business, legal settlements and other one-time items.

Acquisition, restructuring and other items, net decreased by $0.6 million compared to the prior year. The decrease is primarily attributable to the following:

M&A expenses of $2.9 million were incurred in fiscal year 2019 compared to $1.1 million in the prior year.
Legal expenses, related to litigation that is outside of the normal course of business, of $3.7 million was recorded in fiscal year 2019 compared to $3.8 million in fiscal year 2018.
For the six months ended 2018, the Company incurred $2.6 million of expense which consisted of $1.1 million of severance and $1.4 million of costs to move the product lines related to the plant consolidation that was announced in the third quarter of fiscal year 2017. The plant consolidation was completed in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2018; therefore, only $0.3 million of expense was incurred for the six months ended 2019.

Other expenses - Other expenses include interest expense, foreign currency impacts, bank fees, and amortization of deferred financing costs.
The increase in other expenses from the prior year of $0.9 million is due to increased interest expense of $0.7 million primarily due to the $55.0 million draw on the revolver during the second quarter. In addition, other expenses also increased by $0.5 million. These increases were partially offset by foreign currency fluctuations of $0.1 million.

Income Tax Provision (Benefit)
  Six months ended
(in thousands) Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017
Income tax expense (benefit) $0.6
 $(0.1)
Effective tax rate including discrete items 25.9% (219.4)%

Our effective tax rate including discrete items for the three month periods ended November 30, 2018 and 2017 was 25.9% and negative (219.4)%, respectively. In fiscal 2019, the Company's effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to the impact of the valuation allowance, foreign taxes and state taxes.

The estimated annual effective tax rate, however, prior to discrete items was 26.3% in the second quarter of fiscal 2019, as compared to 59.8% for the same period in fiscal 2018.

The Company regularly assesses its ability to realize its deferred tax assets. Assessing the realization of deferred tax assets requires significant management judgment. In determining whether its deferred tax assets are more likely than not realizable, the Company evaluated all available positive and negative evidence, and weighted the evidence based on its objectivity. Evidence the Company considered included its history of net operating losses, which resulted in the Company recording a full valuation allowance for its deferred tax assets in fiscal 2016, except the naked credit deferred tax liability.

Based on the review of all available evidence, the Company determined that it has not yet attained a sustained level of profitability and the objectively verifiable negative evidence outweighed the positive evidence. Therefore, the Company has provided a valuation allowance on its federal and state net operating loss carryforwards, federal and state R&D credit carryforwards and other net deferred tax assets that have a limited life and are not supportable by the naked credit deferred tax liability sourced income as of November 30, 2018. The Company will continue to assess the level of the valuation allowance required. If sufficient positive evidence exists in future periods to support a release of some or all of the valuation allowance, such a release would likely have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations.
Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our cash and cash equivalents totaled $42.8$83.6 million as of November 30, 2018,August 31, 2019, compared with $74.1$227.6 million as of May 31, 2018. Marketable securities totaled $1.4 million as2019. As of November 30, 2018August 31, 2019 there was no principal debt outstanding and $1.3 million as of May 31, 2018, and consist of an auction rate security. As of November 30, 2018, total2019 there was $132.5 million principal debt outstanding was $145.0 million and theoutstanding. The fair value of contingent consideration paymentsliability as of August 31, 2019 and May 31, 2019, was $26.5 million.$11.8 million and $13.5 million, respectively.
The table below summarizes our cash flows for the sixthree months ended November 30, 2018August 31, 2019 and 2017:2018:
 

Six Months EndedThree Months Ended
(in thousands)Nov 30, 2018 Nov 30, 2017Aug 31, 2019 Aug 31, 2018
Cash provided by (used in):   
Cash used in:   
Operating activities$4,086
 $13,201
$(6,534) $(8,873)
Investing activities(86,336) (1,222)(1,541) (37,682)
Financing activities51,254
 (10,262)(135,749) (2,645)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(280) 595
(168) (134)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents$(31,276) $2,312
$(143,992) $(49,334)

During the sixthree months ended November 30,August 31, 2019 and 2018, and 2017, cash flows consisted of the following:

Cash provided byused in operating activities

SixThree months ended November 30,August 31, 2019:

Net loss of $1.3 million plus the non-cash items, primarily driven by depreciation and amortization, contributed to cash used in operations of $6.5 million.
Working capital was negatively impacted by increased inventory on hand of $5.2 million and decreased accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $17.6 million. Accounts receivable had a favorable impact on working capital as a result of the sale of the Fluid Management business.

Three months ended August 31, 2018:

Net incomeloss was driven by increased sales and increased gross profit. This was partially offset by higher operating expenses in research and development, selling and marketing and general administrative as well as costs related to our acquisition and restructuring activities. Partially offsetting the higher operating expenses was an increase in gross profit.
The Company continues to focus on optimizing its cash conversion cycle. In the secondfirst quarter of fiscal year 2019 working capital was negatively impacted by increased inventory on hand of $1.0$0.8 million. Additionally, even though days sales outstanding ("DSO") decreasedincreased by two days receivables negatively impacted working capital by $3.1for a $0.6 million as a result of increased sales in the quarter.impact. Also, the $12.5 million DOJ settlement payment that was made during the first quarter of fiscal year 2019 negatively impacted working capital from accounts payable and accrued liabilities.

Six months ended November 30, 2017:

Net income was driven by higher sales and higher gross margins.
With regards to working capital, the Company focused on optimizing DSO which contributed to $2.3 million of working capital improvement. This working capital improvement was offset by a $4.5 million decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities.

Cash used in investing activities

SixThree months ended November 30, 2018August 31, 2019 and 2017:2018:

$1.4 million in fixed asset additions primarily for maintenance of equipment versus $1.2$0.7 million in the prior year.
$37.0 million cash payment in the prior year to acquire the BioSentry product from SSC and a $47.9 million cash payment to acquire RadiaDyne as described in Note 2 to the financial statements.


Cash used in financing activities

SixThree months ended November 30, 2018August 31, 2019 and 2017:2018:

$55.0132.5 million draw onrepayment of long-term debt in conjunction with the revolver as a resultnew Credit Agreement that was entered into at the beginning of the RadiaDyne acquisition described infirst quarter of fiscal year 2020. Refer to Note 2 to8 of the financial statements.
$2.51.3 million repayment on the Term Loan in repayments on long-term debt in both the current year and prior year. This iswas consistent with the required amortization payment on the Term Loan.
$0.91.3 million of proceedsoutlays from stock option and ESPP activity versus $1.7$0.7 million in proceeds in the prior year.
$2.11.2 million payment on earn-out liabilities in the current year compared to $9.5$2.1 million in the prior year asyear.
On June 3, 2019 and in connection with the completion of the Fluid Management divestiture, the Company made the final minimum payment on the AngioVac product contingent consideration.
On November 7, 2016, the Companyrepaid all amounts outstanding under its existing Credit Agreement and entered into a new Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement that provides for a $100.0$125.0 million senior secured term loan facility and a $150.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility, which includes upan uncommitted expansion feature that allows the Company to a $20.0 million sublimit for lettersincrease the total revolving commitments and/or add new tranches of credit and a $5.0 million sublimit for swingline loans.
term loans in an aggregate amount not to exceed $75.0 million.  We believe that our current cash and investment balances, together with future cash generated from operations and access to our revolving credit facility, capacity of up to $150.0 million as of November 30, 2018, will provide sufficient liquidity to meet our anticipated needs for capital for at least

the next 12 months. As part of the RadiaDyne acquisition that closed on September 21, 2018, the Company drew $55.0 million on the revolving credit facility. Based on our current leverage ratio of net debt to EBITDA, as defined by the Credit Agreement, the Company could draw approximately $85.0 million more on the remaining $95.0 million of the revolving credit facility. If we seek to make significant acquisitions of other businesses or technologies in the future for cash, we may require additional external financing.

Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We are exposed to market risk from changes in currency exchange rates, as well as interest rate fluctuations on our credit facility and investments that could impact our results of operations and financial position.

We transact sales in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, particularly the Euro, British pound and Canadian dollar. Approximately 8%7% of our sales in the secondfirst quarter of fiscal 20192020 were denominated in foreign currencies. We do not have expenses denominated in foreign currencies at the level of our sales and as a result, our profitability is exposed to currency fluctuations. When the U.S. Dollar strengthens, our sales and gross profit will be negatively impacted. In addition, we have assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currencies which are remeasured at each reporting period, with the offset to changes presented as a component of Other (Expenses) Income. Significant non-functional balances include accounts receivable due from a sub-section of our international customers.

Interest Rate Risk

On November 7, 2016,June 3, 2019, we entered into the Credit Agreement which provides for a $100 million senior secured Term Loan and a $150$125 million Revolving Facility. Interest on both the Term Loan and Revolving Facility isfacility will be based, at the Company’s option, on a base rate or Eurodollar rateof LIBOR plus an applicable margin which increases as ourtied to the Company’s total leverage ratio increases, with theand having ranges between 0.25% and 0.75% for base rate loans and Eurodollar rate having ranges of 0.50% tobetween 1.25% and 1.50% to 2.25% respectively.1.75% for LIBOR loans. In the event of default, the interest rate may be increased by 2.0%. A 50 basis point (0.50%) increase or decrease in the interest rate would result approximately in a $2.0 million increase or decrease in interest expense over the life of the agreement.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, our credit facility and trade accounts receivable.

The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents at various institutions and performs periodic evaluations of the relative credit standings of these financial institutions to ensure their credit worthiness. In addition, the Credit Agreement is structured across five above investment grade banks. The Company has the ability to draw equally amongst the five banks which limits the concentration of credit risk of one institution.

Concentration of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable is limited due to the large number of customers that purchase products from the Company. No single customer represents more than 10% of total sales. The Company monitors the creditworthiness of its customers to which it grants credit terms in the normal course of business. Although the Company does not currently foresee a significant credit risk associated with the outstanding accounts receivable, repayment is dependent upon the financial stability of our customers.

Item 4.Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting for the fiscal quarter ended November 30, 2018August 31, 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


AngioDynamics, Inc. and Subsidiaries
PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.Legal Proceedings.

C.R. Bard, Inc. v. AngioDynamics, Inc.

On January 11, 2012, C.R. Bard, Inc. (“Bard”) filed a suit in the United States District Court of Utah claiming certain of the Company's implantable port products infringe on three U.S. patents held by Bard (the "Utah Action"). Bard’s Complaintcomplaint sought unspecified damages and other relief. The Company filed petitions for reexamination in the US Patent and Trademark Office ("USPTO") seeking to invalidate all three patents asserted by Bard in the litigation. The Company's petitions were granted and 40 of Bard's 41 patent claims were rejected and, following further proceedings, the Patent Office issued a Final Rejection of all 4000040 claims subject to reexamination. Thereafter, Bard filed appeals to the USPTO Board of Appeals and Interferences for all three reexaminations. The Patent Office issued decisions in all three appeals.reexaminations which were decided as follows: In one (issued on March 11, 2016 for US Patent No. 7,785,302), the rejections of six of the ten claims under reexamination were affirmed, but were reversed on four of the ten claims. In the second (issued on March 24, 2016 for U.S. Patent No. 7,959,615), the rejections of eight of the ten claims under reexamination were affirmed but the rejections of the other two of the ten claims were reversed. In the third (issued on March 29 for U.S. Patent No. 7,947.022)7,947,022) the rejections of all twenty claims under reexamination were affirmed. Thereafter, Bard filed Requests forsought Rehearing in all three reexamination appeals and the Company filed Requests forsought Rehearing in two of the reexamination appeals (the ‘302 and ‘615 patent reexaminations).appeals. The PTO denied all three Rehearing Requests, - on February 1, 2017 for the ‘302; on February 17, 2017 for the ‘022; and on February 21, 2017 for the ‘615, but modified its characterization of one prior art reference for the ‘302 and ‘022 decisions. 

Bard filed a Notice of Appealappeals to the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals in all three reexams and the Company filed Cross-Appeals for the ‘302 and the ‘615 reexams. The parties havereexams and completed the process of filing the various appellate briefs.  MedCompbriefing.  Medcomp also filed an Amicus Brief in support of the Company on November 22, 2017.  An oral hearing in the case was held on September 5, 2018 and the courtCourt rendered its decision on September 28, 2018.  The Federal Circuit affirmed2018, affirming that claims 1-5 and 10 of the ‘615 patent were invalid.  The Federal Circuit also affirmed the Board’s decisioninvalid, but that claims 6-7 of the 615 patent and 1-4 of the 302 patent were valid in light ofover the asserted prior art references.references considered in the Reexamination proceedings.  The Federal Circuit also reversed the PTAB’s claim construction ruling and remanded for consideration of obviousness for the remaining claims under the new claim construction ruling and for further findings with respect to whether one of the asserted references qualified as a printed publication.  The parties are awaiting further instruction for proceeding fromOn January 28, 2019, on remand, the USPTO in lightreversed the rejections of the decision.  Meanwhile,‘302 claims 1-10, ‘022 claims 1-20 and ‘615 claims 6-9.  The USPTO has since issued Inter Partes Reexamination Certificates for the ‘302 Patent (confirming validity of claims 1-10) on June 10, 2019, and for the ‘022 patent (confirming validity of claims 1-20) on July 2, 2019, and for the ‘615 patent on August 26, 2019.   The Company has since filed a Motion to Unstay the Utah Action has been stayed pending final resolution ofCase; that motion is fully briefed and awaiting decision by the USPTO process.  OnUtah Court. Meanwhile, on July 12, 2017, Bard assigned the asserted patents to Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc. (“BPV”) which was added as Co-Appellant before the Federal Circuit and as a co-Plaintiff in the Utah action.  The Company believes these claims are without merit and intends to defend them vigorously.  The Company has not recorded an expense related to the outcome of this litigation because it is not yet possible to determine if a potential loss is probable nor reasonably estimable.

On March 10, 2015, C.R. Bard Inc. ("Bard") and Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc. (“BPV”)BPV filed suit in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware (the “Delaware Action") claiming certain of the Company's implantable port products infringe on three other U.S. patents held by Bard, (the “Delaware Action").which are different from those asserted in the Utah action. Bard's complaint seeks unspecified damages and other relief. The patents asserted in the Delaware Action are different than those asserted in the Utah Action. On June 1, 2015, the Company filed two motions in response to Bard’s Complaint - one sought transfer to the District of Utah where the Utah Action is currently pending, and the other sought dismissal of the entire complaint on grounds that none of the claims in the asserted patents is directed to patent eligible subject matter under Section 101 of the Patent Statute and in light of recent authority from the U. S. Supreme Court.

On January 12, 2016, the Court issued a decision denying both motions. A Markman hearing was held on March 10, 2017 and the Court issued its Claim Construction Order on May 19, 2017. On May 19, 2017, Bard served its Final Infringement Contentions and on June 2, 2017, the Company served its Final Invalidity Contentions.

On October 20, 2017, the scheduling order for the case was amended to, among other things, set a trial date commencing July 23, 2018. The parties completed Expert Discovery in January 2018. The parties2018 and completed briefing on their respective case dispositive motions on April 27, 2018. On June 26, 2018, the Court denied all case dispositive motions, ruling that issues of material fact remained in dispute. On July 9, 2018, the Court continued the trial until March 2019. Meanwhile, a further Markman hearing is scheduled forOn January 9, 2019 the Court held a further claim construction hearing to resolve two outstanding claim construction issues which are needed before the case goesprior to trial. TheA Report and Recommendation was issued on February 11, 2019 and entered by the Court on February 28, 2019. Jury selection was held on Friday March 1, 2019 and trial began on March 4, 2019.  On day four of the jury trial, at the close of C.R. Bard’s case (Plaintiff), Judge Bataillon granted judgment as a matter of law under rule 50(a) in favor of AngioDynamics, dismissing Bard’s

suit.  On April 5, 2019, Bard filed a precautionary Notice of Appeal to the Federal Circuit. On April 26, 2019, the District Court issued a Memorandum and Order confirming the grant of judgment in the Company’s favor of patent ineligibility, non-infringement, patent invalidity and no willful infringement. Meanwhile, on May 10, 2019, the Company believes thesefiled a Motion for Attorney fees and non-taxable expenses under 35 USC Sec. 285. On May 21, 2019, the Court issued a Memorandum and Order which, inter alia, stayed proceedings on the Company’s fee Motion and the Company’s equitable claims pending appeal; and entered Final Judgment on May 21, 2019 as well. Bard filed a second Notice of Appeal on May 23, 2019. Both appeals have since been consolidated and Bard’s opening brief was served on September 27, 2019 and the Company's answering brief is currently due on November 6, 2019. We maintain our belief that Bard’s claims are without merit and intends to defend them vigorously.merit. The Company has not recorded an expense related to the outcome of this litigation because it is not yet possible to determine if a potential loss is probable nor reasonably estimable.



AngioDynamics, Inc. v. C.R. Bard, Inc.

On May 30, 2017, the Company commenced an action in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York entitled AngioDynamics, Inc. v. C.R. Bard, Inc. and Bard Access Systems, Inc. (“Bard”).  In this action, the Company alleges that Bard has illegally tied the sales of its tip location systems to the sales of its PICCs.  The Company alleges that this practice violates the federal antitrust laws and has had, and continues to have, an anti-competitive effect in the market for PICCs.  The Company seeks both monetary damages and injunctive relief. Bard moved to dismiss on September 8, 2017. On August 6, 2018 the court denied Bard’s motion in its entirety.  The parties are currently engaged in discovery, which is set to close in February 2020.
Governmental InvestigationsMerz North America Settlement

In June 2014, the Company received a subpoena from the U.S. Department of Justice (the “DOJ”On May 16, 2019, Merz North America, Inc. (“Merz”) requesting documents in relation to a criminal and civil investigation the DOJ is conducting regarding BTG International, Inc.’s LC Bead® product beginning in 2003.  RITA Medical Systems and AngioDynamics, Inc., after its acquisition of RITA, was the exclusive distributor of LC Beadscommenced an action in the United States from 2006 through December 31, 2011.  The Company fully cooperatedDistrict Court for the Southern District of New York entitled Merz North America, Inc. v. AngioDynamics, Inc.  In this action, Merz alleged breach of contract against AngioDynamics based on a March 1, 2016 Distribution Agreement.  On June 28, 2019, AngioDynamics reached a settlement with this investigation.
In April 2015, the Company receivedMerz. AngioDynamics made a subpoena from the DOJ requesting documentslump-sum payment of $2.5 million to Merz in relation to a criminal and civil investigation the DOJ is conducting regarding purported promotion of certainreturn for dismissal of the Company's VenaCure EVLT products for un-cleared indications.  The Company fully cooperatedcase with this investigation.
Asprejudice during the first quarter.  Merz filed a stipulation of May 31, 2017, the Company accrued $12.5 million for these matters and in August 2017 the Company agreed in principledismissal with the government to resolve these matters for approximately $12.5 million plus interest. InCourt on July 2018, the Company executed the final settlements and paid approximately $12.7 million.23, 2019.


Item 1A.Risk Factors.
In addition to information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our annual report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended May 31, 20182019 which set forth information relating to important risks and uncertainties that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results. You should review and consider such Risk Factors in making any investment decision with respect to our securities. An investment in our securities continues to involve a high degree of risk. There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K.

Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
The following table provides information with respect to the shares of the Company’s common stock repurchased during the three months ended November 30, 2018:August 31, 2019:
 
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased
(1)
Average
Price Paid
per Share
Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased
as Part of
Publicly
Announced
Programs (2)
Maximum
Approximate
Dollar Value
of Shares
that May Yet
Be
Purchased
Under Plans
or Programs (2)
September 1, 2018 - September 30, 2018—
$—
—
$—
October 1, 2018 - October 31, 2018—
$—
—
$—
November 1, 2018 - November 30, 2018—
$—
—
$—
Total—
$—
—
—
 Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased
 
Average
Price Paid
per Share
 
Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased
as Part of
Publicly
Announced
Programs (1)
 
Maximum
Approximate
Dollar Value
of Shares
that May Yet
Be
Purchased
Under Plans
or Programs (1)
June 1, 2019 - June 30, 2019—
 $—
 —
 $—
July 1, 2019 - July 31, 201910,496
 $20.99
 —
 $—
August 1, 2019 - August 31, 2019103,309
 $19.39
 —
 $—
Total113,805
 $19.54
 —
 —
(1)The Company did not repurchase shares during the three months ended November 30, 2018 from employees to satisfy tax withholding requirements on the vesting of restricted shares from equity-based awards.
(2)These amounts are not applicable as the Company currently does not have a share repurchase program in effect.

Item 3.Defaults on Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures.
None.
Item 5.Other Information.
None.

Item 6.Exhibits.
EXHIBIT INDEX
 
No.  Description
  
21
Subsidiaries
   
31.1
 
Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
  
31.2
 
Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
  
32.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Title 18, United States Code, Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  
32.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Title 18, United States Code, Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
   
101.INS
 
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101.SCH
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101.CAL
 XBRL Calculation Linkbase Documents
  
101.DEF
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101.LAB
 XBRL Labels Linkbase Documents
  
101.PRE
 XBRL Presentation Linkbase Documents


SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
    ANGIODYNAMICS, INC.
    (Registrant)
     
Date: January 7,October 4, 2019 
/ S /    JAMES C. CLEMMER      
    
James C. Clemmer, President,
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
   
Date: January 7,October 4, 2019 / S /    MICHAEL C. GREINER       
    
Michael C. Greiner, Executive Vice President,
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)


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