UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)



☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ending September 30, ~~2019~~2020



☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________________ to __________________

Commission file number 001-39123

SILVERGATE CAPITAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



	Maryland		33-0227337
	(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4250 Executive Square, Suite 300, La Jolla, CA 92037

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(858) 362-6300

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)



Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	SI	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes☐ No ☒No☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically ~~and posted on its corporate web site, if any,~~ every Interactive Data File required to be submitted ~~and posted~~ pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit ~~and post~~ such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐	Emerging growth company	☒
Non-accelerated Filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November ~~27, 2019,~~3, 2020, the registrant had ~~17,775,160~~18,628,984 shares of Class A voting common stock and ~~892,836~~64,197 shares of Class B non-voting common stock outstanding.

SILVERGATE CAPITAL CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS



		Page

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION		3

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)		3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition		3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations		4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income		5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity		6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		8
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements		9
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		33
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		5861
Item 4. Controls and Procedures		6063

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION		61

Item 1. Legal Proceedings		6164
Item 1A. Risk Factors		6164
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		6166
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities		6166
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures		6166
Item 5. Other Information		6166
Item 6. Exhibits		6266

SIGNATURES		6367

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

SILVERGATE CAPITAL CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

(In Thousands, Except Par Value Amounts)

(Unaudited)

September 30,
2019 December 31,
2018
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks $ 4,098
$ 4,177
Interest earning deposits in other banks 156,160
670,243
Cash and cash equivalents 160,258
674,420
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value 909,917
357,178
Securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (fair value of $72 as of December 31, 2018) —
73
Loans held-for-investment, net of allowance for loan losses of $6,191 and $6,723 at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively 691,990
592,781
Loans held-for-sale, at lower of cost or fair value 311,410
350,636
Federal home loan and federal reserve bank stock, at cost 10,264
9,660
Accrued interest receivable 5,875
5,770
Other real estate owned, net 81
31
Premises and equipment, net 3,224
3,656
Operating lease right-of-use assets 4,927
—
Derivative assets 30,885
999
Low income housing tax credit investment 981
1,044
Deferred tax assets —
3,329
Other assets 7,032
4,741
Total assets $ 2,136,844
$ 2,004,318
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing demand accounts $ 1,394,433
$ 1,525,922
Interest bearing accounts 453,662
152,911
Deposits held-for-sale —
104,172
Total deposits 1,848,095
1,783,005
Federal home loan bank advances 20,000
—
Notes payable 4,000
4,857
Subordinated debentures, net 15,813
15,802
Operating lease liabilities 5,237
—
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 13,085
9,408
Total liabilities 1,906,230
1,813,072
Commitments and contingencies

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 10,000 shares; no shares issued or outstanding at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 —
—
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 125,000 shares; 16,654 and 16,629 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively 167
166
Class B non-voting common stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 25,000 shares; 1,190 and 1,190 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively 12
12
Additional paid-in capital 125,573
125,665
Retained earnings 88,712
67,464
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 16,150
(2,061 )
Total shareholders’ equity 230,614
191,246
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 2,136,844
$ 2,004,318



	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	15,152	$	1,579
Interest earning deposits in other banks	182,330		132,025
Cash and cash equivalents	197,482		133,604
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value	944,161		897,766
Loans held-for-sale, at lower of cost or fair value	665,842		375,922
Loans held-for-investment, net of allowance for loan losses of $6,763 and $6,191 at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	735,857		664,622
Federal home loan and federal reserve bank stock, at cost	14,839		10,264
Accrued interest receivable	7,385		5,950
Other real estate owned, net	27		128
Premises and equipment, net	3,122		3,259
Operating lease right-of-use assets	3,478		4,571
Derivative assets	34,138		23,440
Low income housing tax credit investment	890		954
Other assets	13,352		7,647
Total assets	$	2,620,573	$	2,128,127
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing demand accounts	$	2,164,326	$	1,343,667
Interest bearing accounts	116,782		470,987
Total deposits	2,281,108		1,814,654
Federal home loan bank advances	10,000		49,000
Notes payable	0		3,714
Subordinated debentures, net	15,827		15,816
Operating lease liabilities	3,770		4,881
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	26,107		9,026
Total liabilities	2,336,812		1,897,091
Commitments and contingencies
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 10,000 shares; no shares issued or outstanding at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	0		0
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 125,000 shares; 18,627 and 17,775 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	186		178
Class B non-voting common stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 25,000 shares; 64 and 893 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	1		9
Additional paid-in capital	132,647		132,138
Retained earnings	109,229		92,310
Accumulated other comprehensive income	41,698		6,401
Total shareholders’ equity	283,761		231,036
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,620,573	$	2,128,127

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

SILVERGATE CAPITAL CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018		2020			2019			2020		2019
Interest income
Loans, including fees	$	13,574		$	12,726		$	38,369		$	35,357	$	13,527		$	13,574		$	38,358	$	38,369
Securities	6,510			1,941			14,044			5,016
Taxable securities												3,746			6,510			13,917		14,044
Tax-exempt securities												1,720			0			3,345		0
Other interest earning assets	1,183			3,921			8,038			10,386		196			1,183			1,325		8,038
Dividends and other	121			119			472			392		116			121			437		472
Total interest income	21,388			18,707			60,923			51,151		19,305			21,388			57,382		60,923
Interest expense
Deposits	2,385			400			3,920			1,386		57			2,385			5,760		3,920
Federal home loan bank advances	172			—			172			19		65			172			336		172
Notes payable and other	117			98			702			315		0			117			36		702
Subordinated debentures	271			239			802			671		257			271			794		802
Total interest expense	2,945			737			5,596			2,391		379			2,945			6,926		5,596
Net interest income before provision for loan losses	18,443			17,970			55,327			48,760		18,926			18,443			50,456		55,327
(Reversal of) provision for loan losses	(858		)	—			(439		)	148		0			(858		)	589		(439		)
Net interest income after provision for loan losses	19,301			17,970			55,766			48,612		18,926			19,301			49,867		55,766
Noninterest income
Mortgage warehouse fee income	373			393			1,085			1,152		758			373			1,590		1,085
Service fees related to off-balance sheet deposits	283			573			1,454			1,683		1			283			78		1,454
Deposit related fees	1,657			688			3,815			1,655		3,293			1,657			7,497		3,815
Gain on sale of loans	248			416			593			699
(Loss) gain on sale of securities, net												0			(16		)	3,753		(16		)
(Loss) gain on sale of loans, net												(96		)	248			354		593
Gain on sale of branch, net	—			—			5,509			—		0			0			0		5,509
Gain on extinguishment of debt												0			0			925		0
Other income	38			114			168			383		8			54			132		184
Total noninterest income	2,599			2,184			12,624			5,572		3,964			2,599			14,329		12,624
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	8,277			7,259			25,124			21,335		8,899			8,277			26,856		25,124
Occupancy and equipment	892			742			2,777			2,251		845			892			2,646		2,777
Communications and data processing	1,298			703			3,458			2,149		1,389			1,298			3,963		3,458
Professional services	889			1,507			3,407			3,918		1,207			889			3,297		3,407
Federal deposit insurance	39			214			382			1,078		209			39			514		382
Correspondent bank charges	288			240			868			914		403			288			1,123		868
Other loan expense	47			57			290			198		60			47			281		290
Other real estate owned expense (recovery)	75			(10		)	80			42
Other real estate owned expense												23			75			23		80
Other general and administrative	806			705			2,432			2,461		1,098			806			3,277		2,432
Total noninterest expense	12,611			11,417			38,818			34,346		14,133			12,611			41,980		38,818
Income before income taxes	9,289			8,737			29,572			19,838		8,757			9,289			22,216		29,572
Income tax expense	2,633			2,458			8,324			5,525		1,697			2,633			5,297		8,324
Net income	$	6,656		$	6,279		$	21,248		$	14,313	$	7,060		$	6,656		$	16,919	$	21,248
Basic earnings per share	$	0.37		$	0.35		$	1.19		$	0.89	$	0.38		$	0.37		$	0.91	$	1.19
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.36		$	0.34		$	1.16		$	0.86	$	0.37		$	0.36		$	0.88	$	1.16
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	17,840			17,808			17,830			16,113		18,682			17,840			18,674		17,830
Diluted	18,246			18,254			18,252			16,607		19,134			18,246			19,119		18,252

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

SILVERGATE CAPITAL CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In Thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2020			2019			2020			2019
Net income	$	6,656		$	6,279		$	21,248		$	14,313		$	7,060		$	6,656		$	16,919		$	21,248
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities	6,983			403			15,152			(1,333		)
Change in net unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities													13,557			6,967			29,434			15,136
Less: Reclassification adjustment for net loss (gain) included in net income													0			16			(3,753		)	16
Income tax effect	(1,997		)	(113		)	(4,332		)	367			(3,898		)	(1,997		)	(7,366		)	(4,332		)
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax	4,986			290			10,820			(966		)
Change in net unrealized gain on derivative assets	5,950			98			10,348			482
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax													9,659			4,986			18,315			10,820
Change in net unrealized (loss) gain on derivative assets													(1,187		)	5,950			25,010			10,348
Less: Reclassification adjustment for net gain included in net income													(516		)	0			(1,197		)	0
Income tax effect	(1,701		)	(27		)	(2,957		)	(147		)	472			(1,701		)	(6,831		)	(2,957		)
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments, net of tax	4,249			71			7,391			335
Other comprehensive income (loss)	9,235			361			18,211			(631		)
Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative instruments, net of tax													(1,231		)	4,249			16,982			7,391
Other comprehensive income													8,428			9,235			35,297			18,211
Total comprehensive income	$	15,891		$	6,640		$	39,459		$	13,682		$	15,488		$	15,891		$	52,216		$	39,459

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

SILVERGATE CAPITAL CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

(Unaudited)

Class A Common Stock Class B Common Stock Additional
Paid-In
Capital Retained
Earnings Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) Total
Shareholders’
Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance at January 1, 2018 6,189,206
$ 62
3,035,004
$ 30
$ 29,794
$ 45,131
$ (1,217 ) $ 73,800
Total comprehensive income, net of tax —
—
—
—
—
3,543
(840 ) 2,703
Net proceeds from stock issuance 9,500,000
95
—
—
107,789
—
—
107,884
Repurchase of common stock (317,050 ) (3 ) (680,456 ) (7 ) (11,361 ) —
—
(11,371 )
Shareholder exchanges of Class A common stock for Class B common stock 1,165,000
11
(1,165,000 ) (11 ) —
—
—
Stock-based compensation —
—
—
—
2
—
—
2
Exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld for employee taxes 10,000
—
—
—
41
—
—
41
Balance at March 31, 2018 16,547,156
165
1,189,548
12
126,265
48,674
(2,057 ) 173,059
Total comprehensive income, net of tax —
—
—
—
—
4,491
(152 ) 4,339
Stock-based compensation —
—
—
—
78
—
—
78
Exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld for employee taxes 69,285
1
—
—
(768 ) —
—
(767 )
Balance at June 30, 2018 16,616,441
166
1,189,548
12
125,575
53,165
(2,209 ) 176,709
Total comprehensive income, net of tax —
—
—
—
—
6,279
361
6,640
Stock-based compensation —
—
—
—
17
—
—
17
Exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld for employee taxes 2,500
—
—
—
18
—
—
18
Balance at September 30, 2018 16,618,941
$ 166
1,189,548
$ 12
$ 125,610
$ 59,444
$ (1,848 ) $ 183,384

~~See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements~~



	Class A Common Stock			Class B Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Shareholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at January 1, 2019	16,628,941	$	166	1,189,548	$	12	$	125,665		$	67,464	$	(2,061	)	$	191,246
Total comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—			9,436		436			9,872
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		19			—		—			19
Balance at March 31, 2019	16,628,941	166		1,189,548	12		125,684			76,900		(1,625		)	201,137
Total comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—			5,156		8,540			13,696
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		30			—		—			30
Exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	18,099	—		—	—		(115		)	—		—			(115		)
Balance at June 30, 2019	16,647,040	166		1,189,548	12		125,599			82,056		6,915			214,748
Total comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—			6,656		9,235			15,891
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		17			—		—			17
Exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	6,803	1		—	—		(43		)	—		—			(42		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	16,653,843	$	167	1,189,548	$	12	$	125,573		$	88,712	$	16,150		$	230,614

SILVERGATE CAPITAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

(Unaudited)


	Class A Common Stock			Class B Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Shareholders’ Equity			Class A Common Stock			Class B Common Stock					Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Shareholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Shareholders’ Equity			Shares	Amount		Shares		Amount			Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at January 1, 2019	16,628,941	$	166	1,189,548	$	12	$	125,665		$	67,464	$	(2,061	)	$	191,246
Balance at January 1, 2020																		17,775,160	$	178	892,836		$	9		$	132,138		$	92,310	$	6,401	$	231,036
Total comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—			9,436		436			9,872			—	—		—		—			—			4,393		9,125		13,518
Conversion of Class B common stock to Class A common stock																		596,000	6		(596,000	)	(6		)	—			—		—		0
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		19			—		—			19			—	—		—		—			199			—		—		199
Balance at March 31, 2019	16,628,941	166		1,189,548	12		125,684			76,900		(1,625		)	201,137
Exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld for employee taxes																		134	—		—		—			(1		)	—		—		(1		)
Balance at March 31, 2020																		18,371,294	184		296,836		3			132,336			96,703		15,526		244,752
Total comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—			5,156		8,540			13,696			—	—		—		—			—			5,466		17,744		23,210
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		30			—		—			30			—	—		—		—			201			—		—		201
Exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	18,099	—		—	—		(115		)	—		—			(115		)	7,569	—		—		—			(58		)	—		—		(58		)
Balance at June 30, 2019	16,647,040	166		1,189,548	12		125,599			82,056		6,915			214,748
Balance at June 30, 2020																		18,378,863	184		296,836		3			132,479			102,169		33,270		268,105
Total comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—			6,656		9,235			15,891			—	—		—		—			—			7,060		8,428		15,488
Conversion of Class B common stock to Class A common stock																		232,639	2		(232,639	)	(2		)	—			—		—		0
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		17			—		—			17			—	—		—		—			259			—		—		259
Exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	6,803	1		—	—		(43		)	—		—			(42		)	15,290	—		—		—			(91		)	—		—		(91		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	16,653,843	$	167	1,189,548	$	12	$	125,573		$	88,712	$	16,150		$	230,614
Balance at September 30, 2020																		18,626,792	$	186	64,197		$	1		$	132,647		$	109,229	$	41,698	$	283,761

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

SILVERGATE CAPITAL CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In Thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	21,248		$	14,313		$	16,919		$	21,248
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	771			848			2,535			771
Amortization of securities premiums and discounts, net	1,261			308			2,941			1,261
Amortization of loan premiums and discounts and deferred loan origination fees and costs, net	666			280			689			666
Stock-based compensation	66			97			659			66
Deferred income tax benefit	(190		)	(451		)
(Reversal of) provision for loan losses	(439		)	148
Gain on sale of loans	(593		)	(699		)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)							191			(190		)
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses							589			(439		)
Gain on sale of loans, net							(354		)	(593		)
(Gain) loss on sale of securities, net							(3,753		)	16
Originations/purchases of loans held-for-sale	(2,323,891		)	(2,102,054		)	(4,516,366		)	(2,323,891		)
Proceeds from sales of loans held-for-sale	2,235,558			2,112,629			4,216,094			2,235,558
Gain on sale of branch, net	(5,509		)	—			0			(5,509		)
Gain on extinguishment of debt							(925		)	0
Other, net	2,108			(67		)	(2,163		)	2,092
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued interest receivable	372			(481		)
Other assets	12,687			(827		)
Accrued interest receivable and other assets							(7,242		)	(1,776		)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(617		)	3,051			2,634			(617		)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	(56,502		)	27,095
Net cash used in operating activities							(287,552		)	(71,337		)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of securities available-for-sale							(278,641		)	(589,031		)
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities of securities available-for-sale	18,351			13,412			40,915			18,351
Purchases of securities available-for-sale	(589,031		)	(125,569		)
Proceeds from sale of securities available-for-sale	31,088			—			216,355			31,088
Loan originations and payments, net	(128,832		)	(23,126		)
Loan originations/purchases and payments, net							(98,259		)	(128,832		)
Proceeds from sale of loans held-for-sale previously classified as held-for-investment	41,963			20,532			36,400			41,963
Purchase of federal home loan and federal reserve bank stock, net	(603		)	(2,308		)	(4,575		)	(603		)
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned	77			2,370			109			77
Purchase of premises and equipment	(942		)	(1,484		)	(788		)	(942		)
Proceeds from sale of branch, net of cash	32,555			—			0			47,390
Purchases of derivative contracts, net of proceeds	(20,663		)	—
Proceeds from (purchases of) derivative contracts, net							15,311			(20,663		)
Other, net	10			38			0			10
Net cash used in investing activities	(616,027		)	(116,135		)	(73,173		)	(601,192		)
Cash flows from financing activities
Net change in noninterest bearing deposits	(144,737		)	244,436			820,659			(144,737		)
Net change in interest bearing deposits	284,277			(82,256		)	(354,206		)	284,277
Net change in federal home loan bank advances	20,000			(15,000		)	(38,075		)	20,000
Payments made on notes payable	(857		)	(857		)	(3,714		)	(857		)
Proceeds from common stock issuance, net	—			107,884
Payment of deferred offering costs	(384		)	(429		)
Repurchase of common stock	—			(11,371		)
Proceeds from stock option exercise	—			87
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards	(158		)	(796		)	(150		)	(158		)
Other, net	226			—			89			(158		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	158,367			241,698			424,603			158,367
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(514,162		)	152,658
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year	674,420			797,668
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year	$	160,258		$	950,326
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents							63,878			(514,162		)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period							133,604			674,420
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period							$	197,482		$	160,258

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

SILVERGATE CAPITAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1—Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Business

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Silvergate Capital Corporation, a Maryland corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Silvergate Bank (the “Bank”), collectively referred to as (the “Company” or “Silvergate”).

The Bank was incorporated in 1987 and commenced business in 1988 under the California Financial Code as an industrial bank. In February 2009 the Bank converted its charter to a California commercial bank, which gave it the added authority to accept demand deposits. At the same time, the Company also became a registered bank holding company under the federal Bank Holding Company Act. The Bank became a member of the Federal Reserve System in December 2012. The Bank is subject to regulation by the California Department of ~~Business Oversight~~Financial Protection and Innovation, Division of Financial Institutions (“~~DBO”~~DFPI”), and the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (“FRB”), and its deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to applicable legal limits.

On November 15, 2018, the Company and the Bank entered into a purchase and assumption agreement to sell the Bank’s retail branch located in San Marcos, California and business loan portfolio to HomeStreet Bank. The Company completed the sale in March 2019, which included the reduction of $115.4 million in loans and $74.5 million in deposits and resulted in a pre-tax gain on sale of $5.5 million.

Financial Statement Preparation and Presentation

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company, without audit, in accordance with the instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and, therefore, do not include all information and footnotes necessary for a fair presentation of its consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”).

In the opinion of management, the unaudited financial information for the interim periods presented reflects all adjustments, consisting of only normal and recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair ~~presentation~~statement of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. These consolidated statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, included in the Company’s ~~prospectus~~Annual Report on Form 10-K dated ~~November 6, 2019 and filed with the SEC on November 8, 2019, relating to its initial public offering (“IPO”).~~March 10, 2020. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of operating results for an entire fiscal year.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all other entities in which it has a controlling financial interest. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Unless the context requires otherwise, all references to the Company include its wholly owned subsidiaries. The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are based upon GAAP and conform to predominant practices within the financial services industry.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and the disclosure of contingent amounts in the Company’s financial statements and the accompanying notes. We evaluate estimates on an ongoing basis including the economic impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (or “COVID-19”). Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

~~Deferred Offering Costs~~

The Company capitalizes certain legal, accounting, and other third-party fees that are directly associated with in-process equity financings until such financings are consummated. After consummation of the equity financing, these costs are recorded in equity as a reduction from the proceeds of the offering. Should the equity financing for which those costs relate no longer be considered probable of being consummated, all deferred offering costs will be charged to operating expenses in the statement of operations. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company has recorded $2.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of deferred offering costs within other assets in the accompanying consolidated statement of financial condition. Subsequent to September 30, 2019, these costs were recorded in equity as a reduction to the gross proceeds in conjunction with the Company’s IPO on November 7, 2019. See “Note 15—Subsequent Events” for more information.

~~Adopted~~ ~~Accounting Pronouncements~~

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (or “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (or “ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This guidance amended existing guidance that requires lessees recognize the following for all leases at the commencement date: (1) A lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease equal to the present value of lease payments; and (2) A right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s

right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term, based upon the amount of the lease liability. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. Certain targeted improvements were made to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. In July 2018 the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases and ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topics 842) Targeted Improvements, that updated narrow aspects of ASU 2016-02, include an additional transition method for adoption that results in initial recognition of a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings in the year of adoption and a practical expedient for lessors. These amendments were effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company has operating leases for its headquarters and bank branches that fall under Topic 842. The Company elected certain practical expedients upon transition, including retaining the lease classification for any leases that existed prior to adoption of the standard, the transition method with the application date at the beginning of the adoption period, which was January 1, 2019, elected to separate non-lease components and not to recognize short term leases. The impact of the adoption was an increase in assets and liabilities of approximately $5.5 million on its consolidated statement of financial condition. See “Note 9—Commitments and Contingencies—Operating Leases” for more information.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force). This ASU requires that implementation costs incurred by customers in a cloud computing arrangement be deferred and recognized over the non-cancellable term of the cloud computing arrangements plus any optional renewal periods (1) that are reasonably certain to be exercised by the customer or (2) for which exercise of the renewal option is controlled by the cloud service provider, if those costs would have been capitalized in a software licensing arrangement under the internal-use software guidance under ASC 350-40. For public business entities, amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period, for all entities. The amendments in this update should be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company adopted the guidance prospectively as of January 1, 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 the Company deferred approximately $1.6 million under the new guidance.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet effective

In June 2016, the ~~FASB~~Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ~~ASU~~Accounting Standards Update (or “ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) to replace the incurred loss model with an expected loss model, which is referred to as the current expected credit loss (or “CECL”) model. The CECL model is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables, held to maturity debt securities, and reinsurance receivables. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor. These amendments were initially effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 for SEC registrants and after December 15, 2020, for Public Business Entities, or PBEs. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses ~~(Topic326)~~(Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates, which finalized the delay of the effective date for smaller reporting companies, such as the Company, to apply the standards related to CECL, until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. For debt securities with other than temporary impairment (OTTI), the guidance will be applied prospectively and for existing purchased credit impaired (PCI) assets will be grandfathered and

classified as purchased credit deteriorated (PCD) assets at the date of adoption. The asset will be grossed up for the allowance for expected credit losses for all PCD assets at the date of adoption and will continue to recognize the noncredit discount in interest income based on the yield such assets as of the adoption date. Subsequent changes in expected credit losses will be recorded through the allowance. For all other assets with the scope of CECL, the cumulative effect adjustment will be recognized in retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, which clarify that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. Instead, impairment of receivables arising from operating leases should be accounted for in accordance with Topic 842, Leases. The Company formed a CECL implementation committee in 2018 which prepared a project plan to migrate towards the adoption date. As part of the project plan, the Company contracted a third-party vendor to assist in the application and analysis of ASU 2016-13 as well as a ~~third party~~third-party vendor to perform an independent model validation. As part of this process, the Company has determined preliminary loan pool segmentation under CECL, as well as evaluated the key economic loss drivers for each segment. The Company continues to work through the implementation plan and has made significant progress by performing data gap assessments, completed remediation efforts and established preliminary decisions regarding economic scenarios. The Company operationalized an initial CECL model during the second quarter of 2019 and ~~plans to run the~~is running this preliminary CECL model alongside the existing incurred loss ~~methodology~~methodology. The Company intends to continue to refine and run the model until the date of adoption. ~~The Company expects to continually address any gaps in interpretations, methodology, data and operational processes based upon reviews and tests.~~ The Company continues to evaluate the effects of ASU 2016-13 on its financial statements and disclosures and whether ~~or not~~ to early adopt the ~~guidance in 2021 or 2022.~~

guidance.

In ~~August 2018,~~March 2020, the FASB issued ASU ~~2018-13, Fair Value Measurement~~2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic ~~820)~~848): ~~Disclosure Framework-Changes~~Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (or “ASU 2020-04”), which provides temporary, optional guidance to ease the ~~Disclosure Requirements~~potential burden in accounting for, ~~Fair Value Measurement.~~or recognizing the effects of, the transition away from the London Interbank Offered Rate (or “LIBOR”) or other interbank offered rate (reference rates) on financial reporting, which currently is expected to be discontinued by the end of 2021. To help with the transition to new reference rates, the ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to affected contract modifications and hedge accounting relationships. The ~~updated~~ guidance ~~improves the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements.~~is applicable only to contracts or hedge accounting relationships that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The ~~updated guidance if effective for fiscal years,~~expedients and ~~interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after~~exceptions in this update are available to all entities starting March 12, 2020 through December ~~15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures.~~31, 2022. The Company is ~~currently assessing~~evaluating the ~~timing and~~ impact ~~of adopting the updated provisions.~~that ASU 2020-04 will have on those financial assets where LIBOR is used as an index rate.

~~With the exception of~~Except for the updated standards discussed above, there have been no new accounting pronouncements not yet effective that have significance, or potential significance, to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Note 2—Securities

The fair value of available-for-sale securities and their related gross unrealized gains and losses at the dates indicated are as follows:

Available-for-sale securities
Amortized Cost Gross
Unrealized
Gains Gross
Unrealized
Losses Fair Value

(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2019
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities $ 783
$ 33
$ —
$ 816
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation 246,689
539
(905 ) 246,323
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation 27,385
567
(211 ) 27,741
Commercial mortgage-backed securities:
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation 363,782
16,998
—
380,780
Asset backed securities:
Government sponsored student loan pools 258,623
—
(4,366 ) 254,257
$ 897,262
$ 18,137
$ (5,482 ) $ 909,917
December 31, 2018
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities $ 932
$ 25
$ —
$ 957
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation 50,888
37
(625 ) 50,300
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation 23,988
64
(107 ) 23,945
Commercial mortgage-backed securities:

Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation 23,817
—
(1,065 ) 22,752
Asset backed securities:

Government sponsored student loan pools 260,050
188
(1,014 ) 259,224
$ 359,675
$ 314
$ (2,811 ) $ 357,178

~~The amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of securities held-to-maturity at the dates indicated are as follows:~~

Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized Cost Gross
Unrecognized
Gains Gross
Unrecognized
Losses Fair Value

(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2019
Collateralized mortgage obligations $ —
$ —
$ —
$ —
December 31, 2018
Collateralized mortgage obligations $ 73
$ —
$ (1 ) $ 72



	Available-for-sale securities
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value

	(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2020
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities	$	665	$	17	$	(1	)	$	681
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	212,053		472		(278		)	212,247
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	21,160		440		(395		)	21,205
Commercial mortgage-backed securities:
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	164,435		18,317		0			182,752
Municipal bonds:
Tax-exempt	246,848		19,159		0			266,007
Taxable	15,613		865		0			16,478
Asset backed securities:
Government sponsored student loan pools	251,999		0		(7,208		)	244,791
	$	912,773	$	39,270	$	(7,882	)	$	944,161

~~At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had 0 private-label held-to-maturity collateralized mortgage obligations.~~

~~At September 30, 2019, there were 0 investment securities pledged for borrowings.~~



	Available-for-sale securities
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value

	(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2019
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities	$	769	$	32	$	0		$	801
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	242,203		552		(837		)	241,918
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	26,346		352		(198		)	26,500
Commercial mortgage-backed securities:
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	364,719		12,474		(177		)	377,016
Asset backed securities:
Government sponsored student loan pools	258,022		0		(6,491		)	251,531
	$	892,059	$	13,410	$	(7,703	)	$	897,766

There were 0 investment securities pledged for borrowings or for other purposes as required or permitted by law as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

At September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the total fair value of securities issued by 64 individual issuers, other than the U.S. Government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of shareholders’ equity was ~~$360.9~~$143.8 million.

Securities with unrealized losses as of the dates indicated, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, are as follows:

Available-for-sale securities
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
Fair Value Unrealized
Losses Fair Value Unrealized
Losses Fair Value Unrealized
Losses

(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2019
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation 149,711
(852 ) 11,210
(53 ) 160,921
(905 )
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation 60
—
15,976
(211 ) 16,036
(211 )
Asset backed securities:
Government sponsored student loan pools 145,165
(2,388 ) 109,092
(1,978 ) 254,257
(4,366 )
$ 294,936
$ (3,240 ) $ 136,278
$ (2,242 ) $ 431,214
$ (5,482 )
December 31, 2018
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation $ 9,952
$ (58 ) $ 29,450
$ (567 ) $ 39,402
$ (625 )
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation 19,061
(80 ) 1,703
(27 ) 20,764
(107 )
Commercial mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation —
—
22,752
(1,065 ) 22,752
(1,065 )
Asset backed securities:

Government sponsored student loan pools 219,169
(1,014 ) —
—
219,169
(1,014 )
$ 248,182
$ (1,152 ) $ 53,905
$ (1,659 ) $ 302,087
$ (2,811 )



	Available-for-sale securities
	Less than 12 Months					12 Months or More					Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses

	(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2020
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities	$	177	$	(1	)	$	0	$	0		$	177	$	(1	)
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	129,737		(156		)	59,042		(122		)	188,779		(278		)
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	752		(14		)	10,306		(381		)	11,058		(395		)
Asset backed securities:
Government sponsored student loan pools	0		0			244,792		(7,208		)	244,792		(7,208		)
	$	130,666	$	(171	)	$	314,140	$	(7,711	)	$	444,806	$	(7,882	)



	Available-for-sale securities
	Less than 12 Months					12 Months or More					Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses

	(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2019
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	$	143,633	$	(785	)	$	15,794	$	(52	)	$	159,427	$	(837	)
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	59		(1		)	15,168		(197		)	15,227		(198		)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities:
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	13,142		(177		)	0		0			13,142		(177		)
Asset backed securities:
Government sponsored student loan pools	62,938		(1,317		)	188,593		(5,174		)	251,531		(6,491		)
	$	219,772	$	(2,280	)	$	219,555	$	(5,423	)	$	439,327	$	(7,703	)

As indicated in the tables above, as of September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the Company’s investment securities had gross unrealized losses totaling approximately ~~$5.5~~$7.9 million, compared to approximately ~~$2.8~~$7.7 million at December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The Company analyzed all of its securities with an unrealized loss position. For each security, the Company analyzed the credit quality and performed a projected cash flow analysis. In analyzing the credit quality, management may consider whether the securities are issued by the federal government, its agencies or its sponsored entities, or non-governmental entities, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, and if credit quality has deteriorated. In analyzing the issuer’s financial condition, management may consider whether the securities are issued by the federal government, its agencies or its sponsored entities, or non-governmental entities, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, and the results of review of the issuer’s financial condition. When performing a cash flow analysis, the Company uses models that project prepayments, default rates, and loss severities on the collateral supporting the security, based on underlying loan level borrower and loan characteristics and interest rate assumptions. In addition, the Company has contracted with third party companies to perform independent cash flow analyses of its securities portfolio as needed. The unrealized losses on government sponsored student loan pools are due primarily to increased credit spreads as of September 30, 2020. The Company has an adequate amount of credit enhancement and government assurance to cover any expected losses at this time. Based on these analyses and reviews conducted by the Company, and

assisted by independent third parties, the Company determined that none of its securities required an other-than-temporary impairment charge at September 30, ~~2019~~2020 or December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Management continues to expect to recover the adjusted amortized cost basis of these bonds.

As of September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the Company had 31 securities whose estimated fair value declined ~~1.26%~~1.74% from the Company’s amortized cost; at December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company had 3233 securities whose estimated fair value declined ~~0.92%~~1.72% from the Company’s amortized cost. ~~The unrealized~~Market liquidity concerns associated with COVID-19 improved in the third quarter of 2020. Unrecognized losses ~~relate principally~~associated with market liquidity concerns as a result of COVID-19 are not expected to remain constant in the ~~general change in market interest rates since the purchase dates and such~~future, however, unrecognized losses will continue to vary with general market interest rate ~~fluctuations~~fluctuations. The Company’s securities that have a decline in fair value is due to widened credit spreads and changes in market interest rates since the ~~future. Fair~~purchase dates. Current declines in fair values are expected to recover as the securities approach their respective maturity ~~dates and management~~dates. Management believes it iswill more than likely not ~~more likely than not it will~~ be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost basis.

There were 0 sales or calls of available-for-sale securities for the three months ended September 30, 2020. For ~~both~~the nine months ended September 30, 2020 the Company received $216.4 million in proceeds and recognized a $4.7 million gain and $0.9 million loss on sales of available-for-sale securities. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 the Company received $31.1 million in proceeds and recognized ~~$16,000 in losses~~a $178,000 gain and a $194,000 loss on ~~sales of available for sale securities. There were no~~ sales and calls of ~~securities during the for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.~~securities.

There were 0 credit losses associated with our securities portfolio recognized in earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018.~~2019.

Note 3—Loans

The following disclosure reports the Company’s loan portfolio segments and classes. Segments are groupings of similar loans at a level in which the Company has adopted systematic methods of documentation for determining its allowance for loan and credit losses. Classes are a disaggregation of the portfolio segments. The Company’s loan portfolio segments are:

Real estate loans. Real estate includes loans for which the Company holds one-to-four family, multi-family, commercial and construction real property as collateral. Commercial real estate lending activity is typically restricted to owner-occupied properties or to investor properties that are owned by customers with a current banking relationship. The primary risks of real estate mortgage loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the real estate that is being held as collateral and significant increases in interest rates, which may make the real estate mortgage loan unprofitable. Real estate loans also may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy.

Commercial and industrial. Commercial and industrial loans consist of loans and lines of credit to small and medium-sized businesses in a wide variety of industries, including distributors, manufacturers, software developers, business services companies and independent finance companies. Commercial and industrial loans are generally collateralized by accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, loan and lease receivables, digital currency assets such as bitcoin and other commercial assets, and may be supported by other credit enhancements such as personal guarantees. Risk may arise from differences between expected and actual cash flows and/or liquidity levels of the borrowers, as well as the type of collateral securing these loans and the reliability of the conversion thereof to cash. Since the March 2019 sale of ~~our~~the business loan portfolio, commercial and industrial loans consist primarily of asset based loans. In the first quarter of 2020, the Company began offering a new pilot product called SEN Leverage, which allows Silvergate customers to obtain U.S. dollar loans collateralized by bitcoin held at select digital currency exchanges or custodians that are also Silvergate customers. The Company completed the pilot period as of September 30, 2020. The outstanding balance of SEN Leverage loans was $22.4 million as of September 30, 2020.

Consumer and other. Consumer loans consist of consumer loans and other loans secured by personal property.

Reverse mortgage. From 2012 to 2014, the Company purchased home equity conversion mortgage (“HECM”) loans (also known as reverse mortgage loans) which are a special type of home loan, for homeowners aged 62 years or older, that requires no monthly mortgage payments. Reverse mortgage loan insurance is provided by the U.S. Federal Housing Administration through the HECM program which protects lenders from losses due to non-repayment of the loans. In mid-2014, the Bank ceased purchases of reverse mortgage loans and, began selling its remaining loans in the secondary market. At September 30, 2019, the Bank owned $1.6 million of reverse mortgage loans.

Mortgage warehouse. The Company’s mortgage warehouse lending division provides short-term interim funding for single-family residential mortgage loans originated by mortgage bankers or other lenders pending the sale of such loans in the secondary market. The Company’s risk is mitigated by comprehensive policies, procedures, and controls governing this activity, partial loan funding by the originating lender, guaranties or additional monies pledged to the Company as security, and the short holding period of funded loans on the Company’s balance sheet. In addition, the loss rates of this portfolio have historically been minimal, and these loans are all subject to written purchase commitments from takeout investors or are hedged. The Company’s mortgage warehouse loans may either be held-for-investment or held-for-sale depending on the underlying contract. The Company sold approximately ~~$23.7~~$117.0 million and ~~$19.9~~$23.7 million of loans to participants during the three months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. The Company sold approximately ~~$124.3~~$158.9 million and ~~$130.0~~$124.3 million of loans to participants during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. At September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, gross mortgage warehouse loans were approximately ~~$368.6~~$760.5 million and ~~$252.6~~$405.0 million, respectively.

A summary of loans as of the periods presented are as follows:


	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018			September 30, 2020			December 31, 2019

	(Dollars in thousands)						(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	$	212,440		$	190,885		$	209,040		$	193,367
Multi-family	77,901			40,584			72,714			81,233
Commercial	322,733			309,655			316,653			331,052
Construction	3,986			3,847			13,854			7,213
Commercial and industrial	14,563			8,586			25,951			14,440
Consumer and other	76			150			5,559			122
Reverse mortgage	1,629			1,742			1,322			1,415
Mortgage warehouse	61,856			41,586			94,684			39,247
Total gross loans held-for-investment	695,184			597,035			739,777			668,089
Deferred fees, net	2,997			2,469			2,843			2,724
Total loans held-for-investment	698,181			599,504			742,620			670,813
Allowance for loan losses	(6,191		)	(6,723		)	(6,763		)	(6,191		)
Total loans held-for-investment, net	$	691,990		$	592,781		$	735,857		$	664,622
Total loans held-for-sale⁽¹⁾	$	311,410		$	350,636		$	665,842		$	375,922

________________________

(1)

Loans held-for-sale included ~~$306.7~~$665.8 million and ~~$211.0~~$365.8 million of mortgage warehouse loans at September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. At December 31, 2018, loans held-for-sale also included $125.2 million of business loans that were sold in March 2019, discussed in “Note 1—Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”.

At September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, approximately ~~$618.7~~$613.6 million and ~~$546.7~~$614.3 million, respectively, of the Company’s loan portfolio ~~were~~was collateralized by various forms of real estate. A significant percentage of such loans are collateralized by properties located in California ~~(66.6%~~(76.8% and ~~69.7%~~64.8% as of September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively), and Arizona ~~(8.4%~~(6.7% and ~~7.3%~~10.2% as of September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively)~~, and Florida (5.6% and 3.4% as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively)~~with no other state greater than 5%. The Company attempts to address and mitigate concentrations of credit risk by making loans that are diversified by collateral type, placing limits on the amounts of various categories of loans relative to total Company capital, and conducting quarterly reviews of its portfolio by collateral type, geography, and other characteristics. While management believes that the collateral presently securing its portfolio and the recorded allowance for loan losses are adequate to absorb potential losses, there can be no assurances that significant deterioration in the California ~~Florida~~ and Arizona real estate markets would not expose the Company to significantly greater credit risk.

Recorded investment in loans excludes accrued interest receivable, loan origination fees, net and unamortized premium or discount, net due to immateriality. Accrued interest on loans held-for-investment totaled approximately ~~$2.4~~$2.7 million and ~~$2.1~~$2.2 million and deferred fees totaled approximately ~~$3.0~~$2.8 million and ~~$2.5~~$2.7 million at September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

Allowance for Loan Losses

At September 30, 2020, the Company had a total allowance for loan losses of $6.8 million and the ratio of the allowance for loan losses to gross loans held-for-investment was 0.91%. The level of the allowance was based on modest increases in loan portfolio balances from prior year end, Silvergate’s historically strong credit quality and minimal loan charge-offs, and the loan-to-value ratios in the low- to mid-50% range, based on last required appraisal value, in the Company's commercial, multi-family and one-to-four family real estate loans as of September 30, 2020. Although there is significant uncertainty in the current economic environment due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company believes the relatively low to moderate loan-to-value ratios provides a lower probability of loss in the event of defaults in the Company’s loan portfolio. The Company will continue to monitor trends in its portfolio segments for any known or probable adverse conditions with an emphasis on retail and hospitality loans within the commercial real estate loan portfolio.

On June 30, 2020, the Company enhanced its qualitative adjustment framework within the calculation of the allowance for loan losses to ensure consistency in the calculation. The change provided a structured framework using Company and peer historical data covering a full credit cycle to determine the range of potential loss for each qualitative adjustment. The overall change was not material to the overall allowance, however within loan segments the allowance was reallocated based on the weighted qualitative adjustment specific for each loan segment.

The following tables present the allocation of the allowance for loan losses, as well as the activity in the allowance by loan class, and recorded investment in loans held-for-investment as of and for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019																						Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
	One-to -Four Family		Multi- Family			Commercial Real Estate			Construction		Commercial and Industrial		Consumer and Other		Reverse Mortgage		Mortgage Warehouse			Total			One-to -Four Family			Multi- Family		Commercial Real Estate			Construction		Commercial and Industrial		Consumer and Other			Reverse Mortgage		Mortgage Warehouse			Total

	(Dollars in thousands)																						(Dollars in thousands)
Balance, June 30, 2019	$	1,769	$	879		$	3,761		$	79	$	237	$	1	$	36	$	287		$	7,049
Balance, June 30, 2020																							$	1,514		$	822	$	1,947		$	1,018	$	763	$	1		$	39	$	659		$	6,763
Charge-offs	—		—			—			—		—		—		—		—			—			0			0		0			0		0		0			0		0			0
Recoveries	—		—			—			—		—		—		—		—			—			0			0		0			0		0		0			0		0			0
Provision for loan losses	282		(226		)	(970		)	17		75		—		1		(37		)	(858		)	(83		)	23		(18		)	309		14		(1		)	2		(246		)	0
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	2,051	$	653		$	2,791		$	96	$	312	$	1	$	37	$	250		$	6,191
Balance, September 30, 2020																							$	1,431		$	845	$	1,929		$	1,327	$	777	$	0		$	41	$	413		$	6,763



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	One-to -Four Family		Multi- Family			Commercial Real Estate			Construction		Commercial and Industrial		Consumer and Other		Reverse Mortgage		Mortgage Warehouse			Total

	(Dollars in thousands)
Balance, June 30, 2019	$	1,769	$	879		$	3,761		$	79	$	237	$	1	$	36	$	287		$	7,049
Charge-offs	0		0			0			0		0		0		0		0			0
Recoveries	0		0			0			0		0		0		0		0			0
Provision for loan losses	282		(226		)	(970		)	17		75		0		1		(37		)	(858		)
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	2,051	$	653		$	2,791		$	96	$	312	$	1	$	37	$	250		$	6,191



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	One-to -Four Family			Multi- Family		Commercial Real Estate			Construction		Commercial and Industrial		Consumer and Other			Reverse Mortgage		Mortgage Warehouse		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	2,051		$	653	$	2,791		$	96	$	312	$	1		$	37	$	250	$	6,191
Charge-offs	(17		)	0		0			0		0		0			0		0		(17		)
Recoveries	0			0		0			0		0		0			0		0		0
Provision for loan losses	(603		)	192		(862		)	1,231		465		(1		)	4		163		589
Balance, September 30, 2020	$	1,431		$	845	$	1,929		$	1,327	$	777	$	0		$	41	$	413	$	6,763



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	One-to -Four Family			Multi- Family		Commercial Real Estate			Construction			Commercial and Industrial		Consumer and Other		Reverse Mortgage			Mortgage Warehouse		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	1,848		$	483	$	3,854		$	98		$	156	$	1	$	54		$	229	$	6,723
Charge-offs	(93		)	0		0			0			0		0		0			0		(93		)
Recoveries	0			0		0			0			0		0		0			0		0
Provision for loan losses	296			170		(1,063		)	(2		)	156		0		(17		)	21		(439		)
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	2,051		$	653	$	2,791		$	96		$	312	$	1	$	37		$	250	$	6,191



	September 30, 2020
	One-to -Four Family		Multi- Family		Commercial Real Estate		Construction		Commercial and Industrial		Consumer and Other		Reverse Mortgage		Mortgage Warehouse		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)
Amount of allowance attributed to:
Specifically evaluated impaired loans	$	9	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	30	$	0	$	39
General portfolio allocation	1,422		845		1,929		1,327		777		0		11		413		6,724
Total allowance for loan losses	$	1,431	$	845	$	1,929	$	1,327	$	777	$	0	$	41	$	413	$	6,763
Loans evaluated for impairment:
Specifically evaluated	$	3,356	$	0	$	10,249	$	0	$	1,298	$	0	$	864	$	0	$	15,767
Collectively evaluated	205,684		72,714		306,404		13,854		24,653		5,559		458		94,684		724,010
Total gross loans held-for-investment	$	209,040	$	72,714	$	316,653	$	13,854	$	25,951	$	5,559	$	1,322	$	94,684	$	739,777

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
One-to
-Four
Family Multi-
Family Commercial
Real Estate Construction Commercial
and Industrial Consumer
and Other Reverse
Mortgage Mortgage
Warehouse Total

(Dollars in thousands)
Balance, June 30, 2018 $ 1,782
$ 200
$ 4,455
$ 130
$ 1,424
$ 1
$ 46
$ 288
$ 8,326
Charge-offs (6 ) —
—
—
—
—
—
—
(6 )
Recoveries —
—
—
—
68
—
—
—
68
Provision for loan losses —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Balance, September 30, 2018 $ 1,776
$ 200
$ 4,455
$ 130
$ 1,492
$ 1
$ 46
$ 288
$ 8,388

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
One-to
-Four
Family Multi-
Family Commercial
Real Estate Construction Commercial
and Industrial Consumer
and Other Reverse
Mortgage Mortgage
Warehouse Total

(Dollars in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2018 $ 1,848
$ 483
$ 3,854
$ 98
$ 156
$ 1
$ 54
$ 229
$ 6,723
Charge-offs (93 ) —
—
—
—
—
—
—
(93 )
Recoveries —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Provision for loan losses 296
170
(1,063 ) (2 ) 156
—
(17 ) 21
(439 )
Balance, September 30, 2019 $ 2,051
$ 653
$ 2,791
$ 96
$ 312
$ 1
$ 37
$ 250
$ 6,191

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
One-to
-Four
Family Multi-
Family Commercial
Real Estate Construction Commercial
and Industrial Consumer
and Other Reverse
Mortgage Mortgage
Warehouse Total

(Dollars in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2017 $ 1,991
$ 226
$ 4,711
$ 140
$ 677
$ 18
$ 41
$ 361
$ 8,165
Charge-offs (6 ) —
—
—
—
—
—
—
(6 )
Recoveries —
—
—
—
80
—
1
—
81
Provision for loan losses (209 ) (26 ) (256 ) (10 ) 735
(17 ) 4
(73 ) 148
Balance, September 30, 2018 $ 1,776
$ 200
$ 4,455
$ 130
$ 1,492
$ 1
$ 46
$ 288
$ 8,388

September 30, 2019
One-to
-Four
Family Multi-
Family Commercial
Real Estate Construction Commercial
and Industrial Consumer
and Other Reverse
Mortgage Mortgage
Warehouse Total

(Dollars in thousands)
Amount of allowance attributed to:
Specifically evaluated impaired loans $ 10
$ —
$ —
$ —
$ —
$ —
$ 29
$ —
$ 39
General portfolio allocation 2,041
653
2,791
96
312
1
8
250
6,152
Total allowance for loan losses $ 2,051
$ 653
$ 2,791
$ 96
$ 312
$ 1
$ 37
$ 250
$ 6,191
Loans evaluated for impairment:
Specifically evaluated $ 4,425
$ —
$ 7,385
$ —
$ 3,763
$ —
$ 1,074
$ —
$ 16,647
Collectively evaluated 208,015
77,901
315,348
3,986
10,800
76
555
61,856
678,537
Total gross loans held-for-investment $ 212,440
$ 77,901
$ 322,733
$ 3,986
$ 14,563
$ 76
$ 1,629
$ 61,856
$ 695,184


	December 31, 2018																		December 31, 2019
	One-to -Four Family		Multi- Family		Commercial Real Estate		Construction		Commercial and Industrial		Consumer and Other		Reverse Mortgage		Mortgage Warehouse		Total		One-to -Four Family		Multi- Family		Commercial Real Estate		Construction		Commercial and Industrial		Consumer and Other		Reverse Mortgage		Mortgage Warehouse		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)																		(Dollars in thousands)
Amount of allowance attributed to:
Specifically evaluated impaired loans	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	47	$	—	$	47	$	10	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	29	$	0	$	39
General portfolio allocation	1,848		483		3,854		98		156		1		7		229		6,676		2,041		653		2,791		96		312		1		8		250		6,152
Total allowance for loan losses	$	1,848	$	483	$	3,854	$	98	$	156	$	1	$	54	$	229	$	6,723	$	2,051	$	653	$	2,791	$	96	$	312	$	1	$	37	$	250	$	6,191
Loans evaluated for impairment:
Specifically evaluated	$	3,342	$	—	$	7,946	$	—	$	3,596	$	—	$	1,223	$	—	$	16,107	$	4,222	$	0	$	7,353	$	0	$	2,714	$	0	$	848	$	0	$	15,137
Collectively evaluated	187,543		40,584		301,709		3,847		4,990		150		519		41,586		580,928		189,145		81,233		323,699		7,213		11,726		122		567		39,247		652,952
Total gross loans held-for-investment	$	190,885	$	40,584	$	309,655	$	3,847	$	8,586	$	150	$	1,742	$	41,586	$	597,035	$	193,367	$	81,233	$	331,052	$	7,213	$	14,440	$	122	$	1,415	$	39,247	$	668,089

Impaired Loans

The following tables provide a summary of the Company’s investment in impaired loans as of and for the periods presented:


	September 30, 2019						September 30, 2020
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance

	(Dollars in thousands)						(Dollars in thousands)
With no related allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	$	4,917	$	4,359	$	—	$	4,014	$	3,292	$	—
Commercial	7,664		7,385		—		10,249		10,249		—
Commercial and industrial	3,954		3,763		—		1,554		1,298		—
Reverse mortgage	736		737		—		518		518		—
	17,271		16,244		—		16,335		15,357		—
With an allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	66		66		10		64		64		9
Reverse mortgage	337		337		29		346		346		29
	403		403		39		410		410		38
Total impaired loans	$	17,674	$	16,647	$	39	$	16,745	$	15,767	$	38


	December 31, 2018						December 31, 2019
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance

	(Dollars in thousands)						(Dollars in thousands)
With no related allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	$	3,739	$	3,318	$	—	$	4,792	$	4,156	$	—
Commercial	8,266		7,946		—		7,632		7,353		—
Commercial and industrial	3,754		3,596		—		2,929		2,714		—
Reverse mortgage	846		797		—		510		511		—
	16,605		15,657		—		15,863		14,734		—
With an allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	24		24		—		66		66		10
Reverse mortgage	454		426		47		337		337		29
	478		450		47		403		403		39
Total impaired loans	$	17,083	$	16,107	$	47	$	16,266	$	15,137	$	39

Three Months Ended September 30,
2019 2018
Average
Recorded
Investment Interest
Income
Recognized Average
Recorded
Investment Interest
Income
Recognized

(Dollars in thousands)
With no related allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family $ 4,393
$ 26
$ 3,677
$ 34
Commercial 7,663
79
9,094
93
Commercial and industrial 2,662
164
4,489
17
Reverse mortgage 776
—
951
—
15,494
269
18,211
144
With an allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family 22
4
27
—
Commercial —
—
648
—
Reverse mortgage 290
—
348
—
312
4
1,023
—
Total impaired loans $ 15,806
$ 273
$ 19,234
$ 144



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2020				2019
	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized

	(Dollars in thousands)
With no related allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	$	3,312	$	34	$	4,393	$	26
Commercial	4,710		377		7,663		79
Commercial and industrial	1,474		29		2,662		164
Reverse mortgage	518		0		776		0
	10,014		440		15,494		269
With an allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	65		1		22		4
Reverse mortgage	345		0		290		0
	410		1		312		4
Total impaired loans	$	10,424	$	441	$	15,806	$	273


	Nine Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019				2018				2020				2019
	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized

	(Dollars in thousands)								(Dollars in thousands)
With no related allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	$	4,021	$	155	$	3,519	$	87	$	3,477	$	131	$	4,021	$	155
Commercial	7,792		275		9,593		369		2,864		419		7,792		275
Commercial and industrial	2,492		234		2,579		144		1,949		102		2,492		234
Reverse mortgage	794		—		1,215		—		515		0		794		0
	15,099		664		16,906		600		8,805		652		15,099		664
With an allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	10		4		29		1		65		4		10		4
Commercial	—		—		1,513		—
Reverse mortgage	361		—		342		—		341		0		361		0
	371		4		1,884		1		406		4		371		4
Total impaired loans	$	15,470	$	668	$	18,790	$	601	$	9,211	$	656	$	15,470	$	668

For purposes of this disclosure, the unpaid principal balance is not reduced for partial charge-offs. Cash basis interest income is not materially different than interest income recognized.

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans

Nonperforming loans include ~~both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and~~ individually evaluated impaired loans. Nonperforming loans consist of loans on nonaccrual status for which the accrual of interest has been discontinued and loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest.

The following tables present by loan class the aging analysis based on contractual terms, nonaccrual loans, and the Company’s recorded investment in loans held-for-investment as of the periods presented:


	September 30, 2019																September 30, 2020
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 89 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total		Nonaccruing		Loans Receivable > 89 Days and Accruing		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 89 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total		Nonaccruing		Loans Receivable > 89 Days and Accruing

	(Dollars in thousands)																(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	$	—	$	76	$	2,694	$	2,770	$	209,670	$	212,440	$	4,161	$	—	$	3,417	$	1,851	$	1,360	$	6,628	$	202,412	$	209,040	$	3,120	$	0
Multi-family	—		—		—		—		77,901		77,901		—		—		0		0		0		0		72,714		72,714		0		0
Commercial	—		—		—		—		322,733		322,733		—		—		0		0		0		0		316,653		316,653		0		0
Construction	—		—		—		—		3,986		3,986		—		—		0		0		0		0		13,854		13,854		0		0
Commercial and industrial	—		—		—		—		14,563		14,563		1,473		—		0		0		0		0		25,951		25,951		123		0
Consumer and other	—		—		—		—		76		76		—		—		0		0		0		0		5,559		5,559		0		0
Reverse mortgage	—		—		—		—		1,629		1,629		1,073		—		0		0		0		0		1,322		1,322		864		0
Mortgage warehouse	—		—		—		—		61,856		61,856		—		—		0		0		0		0		94,684		94,684		0		0
Total gross loans held-for-investment	$	—	$	76	$	2,694	$	2,770	$	692,414	$	695,184	$	6,707	$	—	$	3,417	$	1,851	$	1,360	$	6,628	$	733,149	$	739,777	$	4,107	$	0


	December 31, 2018																December 31, 2019
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 89 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total		Nonaccruing		Loans Receivable > 89 Days and Accruing		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 89 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total		Nonaccruing		Loans Receivable > 89 Days and Accruing

	(Dollars in thousands)																(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	$	—	$	49	$	2,991	$	3,040	$	187,845	$	190,885	$	3,062	$	—	$	3,573	$	96	$	3,302	$	6,971	$	186,396	$	193,367	$	3,963	$	0
Multi-family	—		—		—		—		40,584		40,584		—		—		0		0		0		0		81,233		81,233		0		0
Commercial	—		—		—		—		309,655		309,655		422		—		0		0		0		0		331,052		331,052		0		0
Construction	—		—		—		—		3,847		3,847		—		—		0		0		0		0		7,213		7,213		0		0
Commercial and industrial	—		—		—		—		8,586		8,586		3,596		—		0		0		0		0		14,440		14,440		1,098		0
Consumer and other	—		—		—		—		150		150		—		—		0		0		0		0		122		122		0		0
Reverse mortgage	—		—		—		—		1,742		1,742		1,223		—		0		0		0		0		1,415		1,415		848		0
Mortgage warehouse	—		—		—		—		41,586		41,586		—		—		0		0		0		0		39,247		39,247		0		0
Total gross loans held-for-investment	$	—	$	49	$	2,991	$	3,040	$	593,995	$	597,035	$	8,303	$	—	$	3,573	$	96	$	3,302	$	6,971	$	661,118	$	668,089	$	5,909	$	0

Troubled Debt Restructurings

A loan is identified as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and, for economic or legal reasons related to these difficulties, the Company grants a concession to the borrower in the restructuring that it would not otherwise consider. In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. The Company has granted a concession when, as a result of the restructuring, it does not expect to collect all amounts due or within the time periods originally due under the original contract, including one or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan; an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; or a temporary forbearance with regard to the payment of principal or interest. All troubled debt restructurings are reviewed for potential impairment. Generally, a nonaccrual loan that is restructured remains on nonaccrual status for a minimum period of six months to demonstrate that the borrower can perform under the restructured terms. If the borrower’s performance under the new terms is not reasonably assured, the loan remains classified as a nonaccrual loan. Loans classified as TDRs are reported as impaired loans.

As of September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company had a recorded investment in ~~TDR’s~~TDRs of ~~$1.8~~$1.6 million and ~~$0.5~~$1.8 million, respectively. The Company has not allocated any amount of specific allowance for those loans at September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~has allocated a negligible amount of specific allowance for those loans at~~ December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The Company has not committed to lend additional amounts to these TDRs. NaN loans were modified as TDRs during the three ~~months ended September 30, 2019 or during the three~~ and nine months ended September 30, ~~2018.~~2020 or during the three months ended September 30, 2019.

Modifications of loans classified as TDRs during the periods presented, are as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019					Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Number of Loans	Pre- Modifications Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post- Modifications Outstanding Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Pre- Modifications Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post- Modifications Outstanding Recorded Investment

	(Dollars in thousands)					(Dollars in thousands)
Troubled debt restructurings:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	2	$	1,018	$	1,114	2	$	1,018	$	1,114
Commercial and industrial	1	494		494		1	494		494
Total	3	$	1,512	$	1,608
						3	$	1,512	$	1,608

The TDR’s described above had no impact the allowance for loan losses and charge-offs during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms. There were no0 loans modified as TDRs for which there was a payment default within twelve months during the ~~nine months ended~~three and nine months

ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 or ~~2018.~~2019. There was no0 provision for loan loss or charge-offs for TDR’s that subsequently defaulted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 or 2019.

COVID-19 Related Modifications

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was signed into law. Section 4013 of the CARES Act, “Temporary Relief From Troubled Debt Restructurings,” provides banks the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements under U.S. GAAP related to TDRs for a limited period of time to account for the effects of COVID-19. Section 4013 of the CARES Act specified that any COVID-19 related modifications made between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of (i) December 31, 2020, or (ii) the 60th day after the end of the COVID-19 national emergency declared by the president and the loan was current as of December 31, 2019, are not TDRs. The Company elected to adopt these provisions of the CARES Act for modifications that meet the requirements described above.

On April 7, 2020, various regulatory agencies, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, (“the agencies”) issued a statement, “Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working With Customers Affected by the Coronavirus (Revised)” to encourage banks to work prudently with borrowers and to describe the agencies’ interpretation of how accounting rules under ASC 310-40, “Receivables—Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors” apply to certain COVID-19-related modifications. In accordance with this guidance, these short-term modifications made to a borrower affected by the COVID-19 do not need to be identified as TDRs if the loans were current at the time a modification plan was implemented. This includes short-term (e.g., six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. If the loan modification was eligible under the interagency statement criteria, the Company did not consider these modifications as a TDR.

Loans qualifying for modifications under the CARES Act or interagency statement will not be required to be reported as delinquent, nonaccrual, impaired or criticized solely as a result of a COVID-19 loan modification for the months of payment deferrals. Borrowers considered current are those that are less than 30 days past due on their modified contractual payments.

In April 2020, the Company implemented a short-term loan modification program for customers impacted financially by the COVID-19 pandemic to provide temporary relief to certain borrowers who meet the program’s qualifications. The program was offered to borrowers to modify their existing loans to temporarily defer principal and/or interest payments for a specified period of time, extend loan maturity dates and/or waive certain loan covenants. Due to the fluid nature of COVID-19, this program has been evolving in order to provide maximum relief to bank borrowers. Deferred payments may be extended for continued hardship but are generally not to exceed a total of six months, where COVID-19 related issues continue to persist. The majority of short-term loan modifications for commercial real estate loan borrowers consist of deferred payments which may include principal, interest and escrow. Deferred interest is capitalized to the loan balance and deferred principal is added to the maturity or payoff date. For one-to-four family residential real estate loans, the majority of short-term modifications consist of deferring full monthly payment of principal, interest and escrow, with deferred payments due at maturity or payoff of the loan.

During the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020, the Company modified 56 loans representing $142.9 million in loan balances, or ~~2018.~~19%, of total gross loans held-for-investment as of September 30, 2020. The majority of loans modified under these programs were maintained on accrual status during the deferral period. No specific loan loss reserve allocation was deemed necessary for these modified loans. None of the modified loans met the criteria of a TDR under the CARES Act or the related interagency statement. As of September 30, 2020, 17 loans representing $32.7 million in loan balances, or 4.4% of total gross loans held-for-investment, were still under modification, deferring a portion or all of the contractual payments.

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, collateral adequacy, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. This analysis typically includes larger, nonhomogeneous loans such as commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. This analysis is performed on an ongoing basis as new information is obtained. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:



Pass:		Loans in all classes that are not adversely rated, are contractually current as to principal and interest, and are otherwise in compliance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Management believes that there is a low likelihood of loss related to those loans that are considered pass.

Special mention:		Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.



Substandard:		Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful:		Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Loss:		Credits rated as loss are charged-off. Management has no expectation of the recovery of any payments in respect of credits rated as loss.

The following tables present by portfolio class the Company’s internal risk grading system as well as certain other information concerning the credit quality of the Company’s recorded investment in loans held-for-investment as of the periods presented. No assets were classified as loss or doubtful during the periods presented.


	Credit Risk Grades										Credit Risk Grades
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total		Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)										(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2019
September 30, 2020
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	$	208,280	$	—	$	4,160	$	—	$	212,440	$	205,920	$	0	$	3,120	$	0	$	209,040
Multi-family	77,901		—		—		—		77,901		72,714		0		0		0		72,714
Commercial	322,733		—		—		—		322,733		302,522		5,823		8,308		0		316,653
Construction	3,986		—		—		—		3,986		13,854		0		0		0		13,854
Commercial and industrial	10,657		143		3,763		—		14,563		24,653		0		1,298		0		25,951
Consumer and other	76		—		—		—		76		5,559		0		0		0		5,559
Reverse mortgage	376		179		1,074		—		1,629		458		0		864		0		1,322
Mortgage warehouse	61,856		—		—		—		61,856		94,684		0		0		0		94,684
Total gross loans held-for-investment	$	685,865	$	322	$	8,997	$	—	$	695,184	$	720,364	$	5,823	$	13,590	$	0	$	739,777


	Credit Risk Grades										Credit Risk Grades
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total		Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)										(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2018
December 31, 2019
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	$	187,823	$	—	$	3,062	$	—	$	190,885	$	189,405	$	0	$	3,962	$	0	$	193,367
Multi-family	40,584		—		—		—		40,584		81,233		0		0		0		81,233
Commercial	309,233		—		422		—		309,655		322,671		8,381		0		0		331,052
Construction	3,847		—		—		—		3,847		7,213		0		0		0		7,213
Commercial and industrial	4,630		360		3,596		—		8,586		11,726		0		2,714		0		14,440
Consumer and other	150		—		—		—		150		122		0		0		0		122
Reverse mortgage	214		305		1,223		—		1,742		435		132		848		0		1,415
Mortgage warehouse	41,586		—		—		—		41,586		39,247		0		0		0		39,247
Total gross loans held-for-investment	$	588,067	$	665	$	8,303	$	—	$	597,035	$	652,052	$	8,513	$	7,524	$	0	$	668,089

Related Party Loans

The Company had related party loans with an outstanding balance of ~~$4.6~~$4.9 million and ~~$5.0~~$4.6 million as of September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. ~~During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the balance of related party loans decreased by $19,000 due to principal payments.~~ During the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the ~~balance~~Company advanced $0.3 million of related party loans ~~decreased by $0.3 million due to changes in composition of related parties~~ and ~~the Company~~ received ~~$58,000~~$60,000 in principal payments.

Note 4—FHLB Advances and Other Borrowings

Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) Advances

The following table sets forth certain information on our FHLB advances during the period presented:


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019			Year Ended December 31, 2018			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020			Year Ended December 31, 2019

	(Dollars in thousands)						(Dollars in thousands)
Amount outstanding at period-end	$	20,000		—			$	10,000		$	49,000
Weighted average interest rate at period-end	2.08		%	—			0.00		%	1.66		%
Maximum month-end balance during the period	$	20,000		$	15,000		$	125,000		$	218,000
Average balance outstanding during the period	$	10,322		$	1,274		$	124,880		$	28,205
Weighted average interest rate during the period	2.23		%	1.49		%	0.21		%	1.94		%

FHLB advances are secured with eligible collateral consisting of certain real estate loans. Advances from the FHLB are subject to the FHLB’s collateral and underwriting requirements, and as of September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, were limited in the aggregate to 35% of ~~the Company’s~~ total assets. Loans with carrying values of approximately ~~$695.7 million~~$1.3 billion and ~~$625.3~~$875.9 million were pledged to the FHLB as of September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. Unused borrowing capacity based on the lesser of the percentage of total assets and pledged collateral was approximately ~~$529.4 million and $472.3~~$734.1 million as of September 30, ~~2019~~2020. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company initiated and ~~December 31, 2018, respectively.~~settled a $64.0 million FHLB five-year term advance. Due to an increase in FHLB advance rates after settlement, the Company repaid the advance and recorded a gain on extinguishment of debt of $0.9 million.

FRB Advances

The Company is also approved to borrow through the Discount Window of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco on a collateralized basis without any fixed dollar limit. Loans with a carrying value of approximately ~~$10.1~~$6.4 million and ~~$19.0~~$10.1 million were pledged to the FRB at September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. The Company’s borrowing capacity under the Federal Reserve’s discount window program was ~~$7.4~~$4.6 million as of September 30, ~~2019.~~2020. At September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, there were 0 borrowings outstanding under any of these lines.

~~Repurchase Agreements~~

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Bank had repurchase agreements with brokers, accounted for as secured borrowings, with an average outstanding balance of $24.9 million. The repurchase agreements matured in July 2019 and as of September 30, 2019 there was 0 outstanding balance.

Federal Funds Purchased

The Company may borrow up to an aggregate ~~$32.0~~$68.0 million, overnight on an unsecured basis, from 3 of its correspondent banks. Access to these funds is subject to liquidity availability, market conditions and any negative material change in the Company’s credit profile. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had 0 outstanding balance of federal funds purchased.

Note 5—Notes Payable

On January 29, 2016, the Company entered into a term loan with a commercial bank for a single principal advance of $8.0 million due to mature on January 29, 2021. Loan interest and principal iswas payable quarterly commencing April 2016 and ~~accrues~~accrued interest at an annual rate equal to 2.60% plus the greater of 0 percent and the one-month LIBOR rate. The proceeds were used to redeem preferred stock and ~~can~~could be prepaid at any time. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company paid off the note in full. The outstanding principal balance at ~~September 30, 2019 and~~ December 31, ~~2018~~2019 was ~~$4.0 million and $4.9 million, respectively. Annual principal payments on outstanding borrowings are $1.1 million in 2019, $1.1 million in 2020 and $2.6 million in 2021.~~$3.7 million.

Note 6—Subordinated Debentures, Net

A trust formed by the Company issued $12.5 million of floating rate trust preferred securities in July 2001 as part of a pooled offering of such securities. The Company issued subordinated debentures to the trust in exchange for its proceeds from the offering. The debentures and related accrued interest represent substantially all of the assets of the trust. The subordinated debentures bear interest at six-month LIBOR plus 375 basis points, which adjusts every six months in January and July of each year. Interest is payable semiannually. At September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the interest rate for the Company’s next scheduled payment was ~~5.94%~~4.06%, based on six-month LIBOR of ~~2.19%~~0.31%. On any January 25 or July 25 the Company may redeem the 2001 subordinated debentures at 100% of principal amount plus accrued interest. The 2001 subordinated debentures mature on July 25, 2031.

A second trust formed by the Company issued $3.0 million of trust preferred securities in January 2005 as part of a pooled offering of such securities. The Company issued subordinated debentures to the trust in exchange for its proceeds from the offering. The debentures and related accrued interest represent substantially all of the assets of the trust. The subordinated debentures bear interest at three-month LIBOR plus 185 basis points, which adjusts every three months. Interest is payable quarterly. At September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the interest rate for the Company’s next scheduled payment was ~~3.97%~~2.10%, based on ~~three-month~~three-

month LIBOR of ~~2.12%~~0.25%. On the 15th day of any March, June, September, or December, the Company may redeem the 2005 subordinated debentures at 100% of principal amount plus accrued interest. The 2005 subordinated debentures mature on March 15, 2035.

The Company also retained a 3% minority interest in each of these trusts which is included in subordinated debentures. The balance of the equity in the trusts is comprised of mandatorily redeemable preferred securities. The subordinated debentures may be included in Tier I capital (with certain limitations applicable) under current regulatory guidelines and interpretations. The Company has the right to defer interest payments on the subordinated debentures from time to time for a period not to exceed five years.

Note 7—Derivative and Hedging Activities

The Company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing business operations. The Company utilizes interest rate derivatives as part of its asset liability management strategy to help manage its interest rate risk position. The notional amount of the derivative does not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the notional amount and the other terms of the individual derivative agreements. In accordance with accounting guidance, changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges are initially recorded in other comprehensive income (“OCI”), reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings and is presented in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item. The Company assesses the effectiveness of each hedging relationship by comparing the changes in cash flows of the derivative hedging instrument with the changes in cash flows of the designated hedged transactions. The initial fair value of hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness is recognized in the statement of financial condition under a systematic and rational method over the life of the hedging instrument and is presented in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item. Any difference between the change in the fair value of the hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness and the amounts recognized in earnings is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income. For a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item, are recognized in current earnings as fair values change. The changes in fair value of the hedged item is recorded as a basis adjustment to the hedged assets or liabilities. The amount included as basis adjustments would be reclassified to current earnings on a straight-line basis over the original life of the hedged item should the hedges no longer be considered effective.

Interest rate swap. In 2020, the Company entered into 2 pay-fixed/receive floating rate interest rate swaps (the “Swap Agreements”) for a notional amount of $14.3 million that were designated as fair value hedges of certain available-for-sale securities. The Swap Agreements were determined to be fully effective during the periods presented and therefore no amount of ineffectiveness has been included in net income. The Swap Agreements are based on three-month LIBOR and expire in 2030 and 2031. The Company expects the Swap Agreements to remain effective during the remaining term of the Swap Agreements.

Interest rate floor. In 2019, the Company entered into 20 interest rate floor agreements (the "Floor Agreements") for a total notional amount of $400.0 million to hedge cash flow receipts on cash and securities or loans, if needed. The original Floor Agreements expire on various dates in April 2024 and ~~June~~July 2029. The Company utilizes one-month LIBOR and three-month LIBOR interest rate floors as hedges against adverse changes in cash flows on the designated cash, securities or loans attributable to fluctuations in the ~~fed~~federal funds rate or three-month LIBOR below 2.50% or 2.25%, as applicable. The Floor

Agreements were determined to be fully effective during all periods presented and, as such, no amount of ineffectiveness has been included in net income. The upfront fee paid to the counterparty in entering into these Floor Agreements was approximately $20.8 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company sold $200.0 million of its total $400.0 million notional amount of interest rate floors for $13.0 million, which resulted in a net gain of $8.4 million, to be recognized over the weighted average remaining term of 4.1 years. The remaining agreements are one-month LIBOR floors with a strike price of 2.25% and expire in July 2029.

Interest rate cap. In 2012, the Company entered into a $12.5 million and a $3.0 million notional forward interest rate cap agreement (the “Cap Agreements”) to hedge its variable rate subordinated debentures. The Cap Agreements expire July 25, 2022 and March 15, 2022, respectively. The Company utilizes interest rate caps as hedges against adverse changes in cash flows on the designated preferred trusts attributable to fluctuations in three-month LIBOR beyond 0.50% for the $3.0 million subordinated debenture and six-month LIBOR beyond 0.75% for the $12.5 million subordinated debenture. The ~~caps~~Cap Agreements were determined to be fully effective during all periods presented and, as such, no amount of ineffectiveness has been included in net income. The upfront fee paid to the counterparty in entering into these Cap Agreements was approximately $2.5 million. The Company held approximately $0.4 million and $1.2 million of restricted cash at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, which served as collateral for the expected payments under these Cap Agreements; such cash fluctuates based on the expected present value of the future payments and will be refunded to the counterparty upon termination or maturity of the Cap Agreements.

The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as the classification within the consolidated ~~balance sheets.~~statements of financial condition.

September 30,
2019

December 31,
2018

September 30,
2020

December 31,
2019

Balance Sheet
Location

Fair Value

Balance Sheet
Location

Fair Value

Balance Sheet
Location

Fair Value

Balance Sheet
Location

Fair Value

(Dollars in thousands)

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:

Cash flow hedge interest rate floor

Derivative assets

30,476

Derivative assets

—

Derivative assets

34,077

Derivative assets

23,054

Cash flow hedge interest rate cap

Derivative assets

409

Derivative assets

999

Derivative assets

386

Fair value hedge interest rate swap

Derivative assets

The following table presents the cumulative basis adjustments on hedged items designated as fair value hedges and the related amortized cost of those items as of the periods presented.



	Carrying Amount of the Hedged Asset (Liability)				Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments Included in the Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		September 30, 2020			December 31, 2019

Line Item in the Statement of Financial Condition of Hedged Item:	(Dollars in thousands)
Securities available-for-sale	$	15,587	$	0	$	(86	)	$	0

The following table summarizes the effects of derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships designated as hedging instruments on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented.

Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
Three Months Ended
September 30, Three Months Ended
September 30,
2019 2018 2019 2018

(Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Cash flow hedge interest rate floor $ (11,413 ) $ —
Interest income - Other interest earning assets $ (154 ) $ —
Cash flow hedge interest rate floor 16,839
—
Interest income - Securities (374 ) —
Cash flow hedge interest rate cap (35 ) 70
Interest expense - Subordinated debentures (31 ) (28 )


	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI					Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income	Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income						Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI						Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income	Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2020			2019				2020			2019

	(Dollars in thousands)						(Dollars in thousands)						(Dollars in thousands)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Cash flow hedge interest rate floor	$	(8,897	)	$	—	Interest income - Other interest earning assets	$	(345	)	$	—		$	(120	)	$	1,476		Interest income - Other interest earning assets	$	134		$	(154	)
Cash flow hedge interest rate floor	18,710			—		Interest income - Securities	(491		)	—			(480		)	3,950			Interest income - Securities	1,056			(374		)
Cash flow hedge interest rate cap	(428		)	401		Interest expense - Subordinated debentures	(127		)	(111		)	(3		)	(35		)	Interest expense - Subordinated debentures	(90		)	(31		)
Cash flow hedge interest rate swap	—			24		Interest expense - FHLB advances	—			54



	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI						Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income	Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
	Nine Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020			2019				2020			2019

	(Dollars in thousands)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Cash flow hedge interest rate floor	$	6,614		$	3,992		Interest income - Other interest earning assets	$	609		$	(345	)
Cash flow hedge interest rate floor	19,738			5,821			Interest income - Securities	1,844			(491		)
Cash flow hedge interest rate cap	(296		)	(428		)	Interest expense - Subordinated debentures	(210		)	(127		)

The Company estimates that approximately ~~$0.2~~$4.8 million of net derivative gain included in OCI will be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months. No gain or loss was reclassified from OCI into earnings as a result of forecasted transactions that failed to occur during the periods presented.

Note 8—Income Taxes

Comparison of the federal statutory income tax rates to the Company’s effective income tax rates for the periods presented are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,										Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019					2018					2020					2019
	Amount			Rate		Amount			Rate		Amount			Rate		Amount			Rate

	(Dollars in thousands)										(Dollars in thousands)
Statutory federal tax	$	1,950		21.0	%	$	1,835		21.0	%	$	1,840		21.0	%	$	1,950		21.0	%
State tax, net of federal benefit	724			7.8	%	651			7.5	%	629			7.2	%	724			7.8	%
Tax credits	(43		)	(0.5	)%	(43		)	(0.5	)%	5			0.1	%	(43		)	(0.5	)%
Tax-exempt income											(493		)	(5.6	)%	0			0
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation	(28		)	(0.3	)%	—			—		(42		)	(0.5	)%	(28		)	(0.3	)%
Other items, net	30			0.3	%	15			0.1	%	(242		)	(2.8	)%	30			0.3	%
Actual tax expense	$	2,633		28.3	%	$	2,458		28.1	%	$	1,697		19.4	%	$	2,633		28.3	%


	Nine Months Ended September 30,										Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019					2018					2020					2019
	Amount			Rate		Amount			Rate		Amount			Rate		Amount			Rate

	(Dollars in thousands)										(Dollars in thousands)
Statutory federal tax	$	6,210		21.0	%	$	4,166		21.0	%	$	4,666		21.0	%	$	6,210		21.0	%
State tax, net of federal benefit	2,261			7.6	%	1,479			7.5	%	1,736			7.8	%	2,261			7.6	%
Tax credits	(128		)	(0.4	)%	(128		)	(0.6	)%	(118		)	(0.5	)%	(128		)	(0.4	)%
Tax-exempt income											(740		)	(3.3	)%	0			0
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation	(114		)	(0.4	)%	—			—		(62		)	(0.3	)%	(114		)	(0.4	)%
Other items, net	95			0.3	%	8			0.0	%	(185		)	(0.9	)%	95			0.3	%
Actual tax expense	$	8,324		28.1	%	$	5,525		27.9	%	$	5,297		23.8	%	$	8,324		28.1	%

Income tax expense was $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $2.6 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2019 compared~~2019. The decrease was due to ~~$2.5 million for~~ the ~~three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase was primarily related to increased~~lower effective tax rate and lower pre-tax income. The effective tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were 19.4% and 28.3%, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, ~~2018 were 28.3%~~2020 includes tax-exempt income earned on certain municipal bonds and ~~28.1%, respectively.~~discrete items related to the return to provision and excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation adjustments, resulting in a decrease in the effective tax rate for the period.

Income tax expense was $5.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $8.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019 compared~~2019. The decrease was primarily related to ~~$5.5 million~~reduced pre-tax income for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2018. The increase was primarily related~~2020 when compared to ~~increased pre-tax income.~~the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The effective tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were 23.8% and ~~September 30, 2018 were~~ 28.1% ~~and 27.9%~~, respectively. The ~~increase~~decrease in the Company’s effective tax rate was primarily related to ~~an increase in state blended tax rate and non-deductible tax treatment of~~tax-exempt income earned on certain ~~noninterest expenses.~~municipal bonds.

The deferred tax liability balance as of September 30, ~~2019~~2020 was ~~a liability of $3.8~~$14.8 million compared to ~~an asset of $3.3~~$0.4 million as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The primary change in balance was due to the increase in unrealized gains on derivative assets and available-for-sale securities ~~and derivative assets.~~portfolio.

Note 9 —Commitments and Contingencies

Off-Balance Sheet Items

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various transactions, which, in accordance with GAAP, are not included in the consolidated statements of financial condition. The Company enters into these transactions to meet the financing needs of its customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit and issue letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk exceeding the amounts recognized on the consolidated statements of financial condition. The Company’s exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amounts of these

commitments. The same credit policies and procedures are used in making these commitments as for on-balance sheet instruments. The Company is not aware of any accounting loss to be incurred by funding these commitments, however, an allowance for off-balance sheet credit risk is recorded in other liabilities on the statements of financial condition. The allowance for these commitments amounted to approximately $0.1 million as of September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018.~~

2019.

The Company’s commitments associated with outstanding letters of credit and commitments to extend credit expiring by period as of the date indicated are summarized below. Since commitments associated with letters of credit and commitments to extend credit may expire unused, the amounts shown do not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements.


	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019

	(Dollars in thousands)				(Dollars in thousands)
Unfunded lines of credit	$	45,215	$	71,398	$	58,656	$	47,433
Letters of credit	257		10		531		655
Total credit extension commitments	$	45,472	$	71,408	$	59,187	$	48,088

Unfunded lines of credit represent unused credit facilities to the Company’s current borrowers that represent no change in credit risk that exist in the Company’s portfolio. Lines of credit generally have variable interest rates. Letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. In the event of nonperformance by the customer in accordance with the terms of the agreement with the third party, the Company would be required to fund the commitment. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make is represented by the contractual amount of the commitment. If the commitment is funded, the Company would be entitled to seek recovery from the client from the underlying collateral, which can include commercial real estate, physical plant and property, inventory, receivables, bitcoin, cash and/or marketable securities. The Company’s policies generally require that letter of credit arrangements contain security and debt covenants like those contained in loan agreements and our credit risk associated with issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as the risk involved in extending loan facilities to customers.

The Company minimizes its exposure to loss under letters of credit and credit commitments by subjecting them to the same credit approval and monitoring procedures used for on-balance sheet instruments. The effect on the Company’s revenue, expenses, cash flows and liquidity of the unused portions of these letters of credit commitments cannot be precisely predicted because there is no guarantee that the lines of credit will be used.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract, for a specific purpose. Commitments generally have variable interest rates, fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts disclosed above do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained if deemed necessary by the Company is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.

~~Operating leases~~

The Company leases all of its office facilities under operating lease arrangements. The leases provide that the Company pays real estate taxes, insurance, and certain other operating expenses applicable to the leased premises in addition to the monthly minimum payments.

~~The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate were as follows:~~



	September 30, 2019
~~Weighted-average remaining lease term~~	~~3.2 years~~
~~Weighted-average discount rate~~	~~4.21~~	%

~~The components of lease expense were as follows:~~

Three Months Ended
September 30, 2019 Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2019

(Dollars in thousands)
Operating lease cost $ 398
$ 1,156
Variable lease cost 13
32
Short-term lease cost⁽¹⁾
18
144
Sublease income (32 ) (32 )
Total lease cost $ 397
$ 1,300

~~____________~~

~~(1) Short-term lease cost are for leases with a term of one year or less including terms of one month or less per accounting policy election.~~

~~Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:~~

Operating leases September 30,
2019

Period / Year Ending December 31, (Dollars in thousands)
2019 $ 410
2020 1,676
2021 1,748
2022 1,548
2023 215
2024 26
Total lease payments 5,623
Less: imputed lease interest (386 )
Total lease liabilities $ 5,237

~~As of September 30, 2019, the Company had 0 additional operating lease commitments for office facilities that have not yet commenced.~~

~~Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases was as follows:~~

Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2019

(Dollars in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities $ 1,113
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities 6,599

Litigation

The Company is involved in various matters of litigation which have arisen in the ordinary course of its business. In the opinion of management, the disposition of such pending litigation will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Note 10—Stock-based Compensation

In June 2018, the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Compensation Plan, or 2018 Plan, that permits the Compensation Committee, in its sole discretion, to grant various forms of incentive awards. Under the 2018 Plan, the Compensation Committee has the power to grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, or SARs, restricted stock and restricted stock units. The number of shares that may be issued pursuant to awards under the 2018 Plan is 1,596,753.

In 2010, the Company adopted an equity compensation plan, or 2010 Plan, that provides for the grant of stock options to employees, directors, and other persons referred to in Rule 701 under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933. The number of shares that may be issued pursuant to awards under the 2010 Plan is 730,784. The Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors is responsible for administrating the 2010 Plan and determining the terms of all awards under it, including their vesting, except that in the case of a change in control of the Company all options granted under the 2010 Plan shall become 100% vested. ~~As of September 30, 2019, there are 0 shares available for issuance under the 2010 Plan.~~

In accordance with authoritative guidance for stock-based compensation, compensation expense is recognized only for those shares expected to vest, based on the Company’s historical experience and future expectations. The Company has elected a policy of estimating expected forfeitures.

Total stock-based compensation ~~cost charged against income~~expense was ~~$17,000~~$0.3 million and $17,000 for the three months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. Total stock-based compensation ~~cost charged against income~~expense was ~~$66,000~~$0.7 million and ~~$97,000~~$66,000 for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

A summary of stock option activity as of September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and changes during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 is presented ~~below.~~

below:

Number of
Options Weighted
Average Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
(in years)

Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2019 816,616
$ 5.54

Exercised (73,457 ) 5.78

Forfeited/Expired (1,500 ) 12.00

Outstanding at September 30, 2019 741,659
$ 5.50
3.3 years $ 4,817
Exercisable at September 30, 2019 681,909
$ 4.97
2.8 years $ 4,793
Vested or Expected to Vest at September 30, 2019 737,224
$ 5.47
3.2 years $ 4,816



	Number of Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2020	917,857		$	7.54
Granted	3,456		14.89
Exercised	(58,582	)	6.47
Forfeited or expired	(32,385	)	13.24
Outstanding at September 30, 2020	830,346		$	7.42	3.5 years	$	6,070
Exercisable at September 30, 2020	645,202		$	5.07	1.9 years	$	6,022
Vested or Expected to Vest at September 30, 2020	810,006		$	7.21	3.3 years	$	6,068

As of September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, there was ~~$0.1~~$0.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of ~~1.7~~3.0 years.

Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested restricted stock unit awards as of September 30, 2020, and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, is presented below:



	Number of Shares		Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested at January 1, 2020	82,627		$	16.09
Granted	17,527		14.48
Forfeited	(7,883	)	16.09
Nonvested at September 30, 2020	92,271		$	15.76

At September 30, 2020, there was approximately $0.8 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested restricted stock unit awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.5 years.

Note 11—Regulatory Capital

Banks and bank holding companies are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators. Failure to meet capital requirements can initiate regulatory action. The final rules implementing Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s capital guidelines for U.S. banks (Basel III rules) became effective for the Company on January 1, 2015 with full compliance with all of the requirements being phased in over a multi-year schedule, and fully phased in by January 1, 2019. Under the Basel III rules, the Company must hold a capital conservation buffer above the adequately capitalized risk-based capital ratios. ~~The capital conservation buffer is being phased in from 0.0% for 2015 to 2.50% by 2019.~~ As of January 1, 2019, the capital conservation buffer had fully phased in to 2.50%. Management believes, as of September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the Company and the Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and capital restoration plans are required. For the periods presented, the most recent regulatory notifications categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the institution’s category.

Actual capital amounts and ratios for the Company (assuming minimum capital adequacy ratios were applicable to the Company) and the Bank as of September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, are presented in the following tables:


	Actual				Minimum capital adequacy				To be well capitalized			Actual				Minimum capital adequacy				To be well capitalized
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount	Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio

	(Dollars in thousands)											(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2019
September 30, 2020
The Company
Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	229,963	10.43	%	$	88,208	4.00	%	N/A	N/A		$	257,563	10.36	%	$	99,439	4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	214,463		23.57	%	40,939		4.50	%	N/A	N/A		242,063		22.58	%	48,232		4.50	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	229,963		25.28	%	54,585		6.00	%	N/A	N/A		257,563		24.03	%	64,309		6.00	%	N/A		N/A
Total risk-based capital ratio	236,268		25.97	%	72,780		8.00	%	N/A	N/A		264,474		24.68	%	85,746		8.00	%	N/A		N/A
The Bank
Tier 1 leverage ratio	220,308		10.01	%	88,062		4.00	%	110,077	5.00	%	244,533		9.84	%	99,418		4.00	%	$	124,272	5.00	%
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	220,308		24.30	%	40,790		4.50	%	58,919	6.50	%	244,533		22.82	%	48,219		4.50	%	69,649		6.50	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	220,308		24.30	%	54,386		6.00	%	72,515	8.00	%	244,533		22.82	%	64,292		6.00	%	85,722		8.00	%
Total risk-based capital ratio	226,613		25.00	%	72,515		8.00	%	90,644	10.00	%	251,444		23.47	%	85,722		8.00	%	107,153		10.00	%


	Actual				Minimum capital adequacy				To be well capitalized			Actual				Minimum capital adequacy				To be well capitalized
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount	Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio

	(Dollars in thousands)											(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2018
December 31, 2019
The Company
Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	208,807	9.00	%	$	92,812	4.00	%	N/A	N/A		$	240,135	11.23	%	$	85,501	4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	193,307		23.10	%	37,650		4.50	%	N/A	N/A		224,635		24.52	%	41,233		4.50	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	208,807		24.96	%	50,200		6.00	%	N/A	N/A		240,135		26.21	%	54,978		6.00	%	N/A		N/A
Total risk-based capital ratio	215,638		25.77	%	66,933		8.00	%	N/A	N/A		246,447		26.90	%	73,304		8.00	%	N/A		N/A
The Bank
Tier 1 leverage ratio	197,175		8.51	%	92,637		4.00	%	115,796	5.00	%	224,605		10.52	%	85,399		4.00	%	$	106,749	5.00	%
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	197,175		23.68	%	37,472		4.50	%	54,127	6.50	%	224,605		24.55	%	41,163		4.50	%	59,458		6.50	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	197,175		23.68	%	49,963		6.00	%	66,618	8.00	%	224,605		24.55	%	54,884		6.00	%	73,179		8.00	%
Total risk-based capital ratio	204,006		24.50	%	66,618		8.00	%	83,272	10.00	%	230,917		25.24	%	73,179		8.00	%	91,474		10.00	%

The Bank is restricted as to the amount of dividends that it can pay to the Company. Dividends declared in excess of the lesser of the Bank’s undivided profits or the Bank’s net income for its last three fiscal years less the amount of any distribution made to the Bank’s shareholders during the same period must be approved by the California ~~DBO.~~DFPI. Also, the Bank may not pay dividends that would result in capital levels being reduced below the minimum requirements shown above. In addition, under the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s capital guidelines for U.S. banks (BASEL III rules), a new “capital conservation buffer” is being phased in through 2019 with different and generally higher limits than the well capitalized limits noted above. This may further restrict dividend and executive bonus distributions, should the Company’s capital ratios fall below the minimums required.

Note 12—Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. This standard’s fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 11—~~-Quoted~~Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 22—~~-Significant~~Significant observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 33—~~-Significant~~Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

Financial Instruments Required To Be Carried At Fair Value

The following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value:

~~Investments~~Securities available-for-sale. The fair values of securities available-for-sale are determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1) or matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2).

Derivatives. The Company’s derivative assets and liabilities are carried at fair value as required by GAAP. The estimated fair values of the derivative assets and liabilities are based on current market prices for similar instruments. Given the meaningful level of secondary market activity for derivative contracts, active pricing is available for similar assets and accordingly, the Company classifies its derivative assets and liabilities as Level 2.

Impaired loans (collateral-dependent). The Company does not record impaired loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, fair value adjustments are recorded on these loans to reflect (1) partial write-downs, through charge-offs or specific allowances, that are based on the current appraised or market-quoted value of the underlying collateral or (2) the full charge-off of the loan carrying value. In some cases, the properties for which market quotes or appraised values

have been obtained are located in areas where comparable sales data is limited, outdated, or unavailable. Fair value estimates for collateral-dependent impaired loans are obtained from real estate brokers or other third-party consultants. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches, which generally include various Level 3 inputs. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available and such adjustments are typically ~~significant (Level 3).~~significant. Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic factors and estimated liquidation expenses. The range of these possible adjustments may vary. Impaired loans presented in the table below as of ~~September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018,~~the periods presented include impaired loans with specific allowances as well as impaired loans that have been partially charged-off.

Other real estate owned. Fair value estimates for foreclosed real estate are obtained from real estate brokers or other third-party consultants (Level 3). When a current appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value as a result of known changes in the market or the collateral and there is no observable market price, such valuation inputs result in a fair value measurement that is categorized as a ~~(Level 3)~~Level 3 measurement. To the extent a negotiated sales price or reduced listing price represents a significant discount to an observable market price, such valuation input would result in a fair value measurement that is also considered a ~~(Level 3)~~Level 3 measurement.

The following tables provide the hierarchy and fair value for each class of assets and liabilities measured at fair value at September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018. There were no transfers of assets between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy for the periods presented.~~2019.

As of September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows:

Fair Value Measurements Using
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets Significant Other
Observable
Inputs Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total

(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2019
Assets
Securities available-for-sale $ —
$ 909,917
$ —
$ 909,917
Derivative assets —
30,885
—
30,885
$ —
$ 940,802
$ —
$ 940,802

December 31, 2018
Assets
Securities available-for-sale $ —
$ 357,178
$ —
$ 357,178
Derivative assets —
999
—
999
$ —
$ 358,177
$ —
$ 358,177



	Fair Value Measurements Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2020
Assets
Securities available-for-sale	$	0	$	944,161	$	0	$	944,161
Derivative assets	0		34,138		0		34,138
	$	0	$	978,299	$	0	$	978,299



	Fair Value Measurements Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2019
Assets
Securities available-for-sale	$	0	$	897,766	$	0	$	897,766
Derivative assets	0		23,440		0		23,440
	$	0	$	921,206	$	0	$	921,206

As of September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized as follows:


	Fair Value Measurements Using								Fair Value Measurements Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs				Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)								(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2019
September 30, 2020
Assets
Impaired loans:
Real estate:
One-to-four family	$	—	$	—	$	56	$	56
Reverse mortgage	—		—		308		308		$	0	$	0	$	317	$	317
Other real estate owned	—		—		81		81		0		0		27		27
	$	—	$	—	$	445	$	445	$	0	$	0	$	344	$	344



	Fair Value Measurements Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2019
Assets
Impaired loans:
Real estate:
One-to-four family	$	0	$	0	$	56	$	56
Reverse mortgage	0		0		308		308
Other real estate owned	0		0		128		128
	$	0	$	0	$	492	$	492

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements Using
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets Significant Other
Observable
Inputs Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total

(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2018
Assets
Impaired loans:
Real estate:
One-to-four family $ —
$ —
$ 24
$ 24
Reverse mortgage —
—
379
379
Other real estate owned —
—
31
31
$ —
$ —
$ 434
$ 434
The following table presents the valuation methodology and unobservable inputs for Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of the date indicated:



	Fair Value		Valuation Technique(s)	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range		Weighted Average⁽¹⁾

	(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2020
Collateral-dependent impaired loans	$	317	Market comparable properties	Marketability discount	10.0	%	10.0	%
				Selling cost	8.0	%	8.0	%
Other real estate owned	27		Market comparable properties	Sales commission	6.0	%	6.0	%
				Other selling costs	2.0	%	2.0	%

________________________


(1)	Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the instruments.

Financial Instruments Not Required To Be Carried At Fair Value

FASB ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments, requires the disclosure of the estimated fair value of financial instruments. The Company’s estimated fair value amounts have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

The following tables present information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value in the consolidated statements of financial condition as of the dates presented:


	Carrying Amount		Fair Value Measurements Using								Carrying Amount		Fair Value Measurements Using
			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total				Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)										(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2019
September 30, 2020
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	4,098	$	4,098	$	—	$	—	$	4,098	$	15,152	$	15,152	$	0	$	0	$	15,152
Interest earning deposits	156,160		156,160		—		—		156,160		182,330		182,330		0		0		182,330
Loans held-for-sale											665,842		0		665,842		0		665,842
Loans held-for-investment, net	691,990		—		—		693,764		693,764		735,857		0		0		737,701		737,701
Loans held-for-sale	311,410		—		311,508		—		311,508
FHLB and FRB stock	10,264		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Accrued interest receivable	5,875		45		2,247		3,583		5,875		7,385		7		2,143		5,235		7,385
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$	1,848,095	$	—	$	1,859,500	$	—	$	1,859,500	$	2,281,108	$	0	$	2,393,600	$	0	$	2,393,600
FHLB advances	20,000		—		20,000		—		20,000		10,000		0		10,000		0		10,000
Notes payable	4,000		—		4,000		—		4,000
Subordinated debentures	15,813		—		15,124		—		15,124		15,827		0		15,129		0		15,129
Accrued interest payable	446		—		446		—		446		120		0		120		0		120


	Carrying Amount		Fair Value Measurements Using								Carrying Amount		Fair Value Measurements Using
			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total				Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)										(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2018
December 31, 2019
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	4,177	$	4,177	$	—	$	—	$	4,177	$	1,579	$	1,579	$	0	$	0	$	1,579
Interest earning deposits	670,243		670,243		—		—		670,243		132,025		132,025		0		0		132,025
Securities held-to-maturity	73		—		72		—		72
Loans held-for-sale											375,922		0		376,126		0		376,126
Loans held-for-investment, net	592,781		—		—		591,315		591,315		664,622		0		0		666,272		666,272
Loans held-for-sale	350,636		—		351,115		—		351,115
FHLB and FRB stock	9,660		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Accrued interest receivable	5,770		571		1,430		3,769		5,770		5,950		86		3,643		2,221		5,950
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$	1,678,833	$	—	$	1,621,138	$	—	$	1,621,138	$	1,814,654	$	0	$	1,826,100	$	0	$	1,826,100
Deposits held-for-sale	104,172		—		95,215		—		95,215
FHLB advances											49,000		0		49,000		0		49,000
Notes payable	4,857		—		4,857		—		4,857		3,714		0		3,714		0		3,714
Subordinated debentures	15,802		—		15,414		—		15,414		15,816		0		15,203		0		15,203
Accrued interest payable	451		—		451		—		451		559		0		559		0		559

Note 13—Earnings Per Share

The computation of basic and diluted earnings per share is shown below.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2020		2019		2020		2019

	(In thousands, except per share data)								(In thousands, except per share data)
Basic
Net income	$	6,656	$	6,279	$	21,248	$	14,313	$	7,060	$	6,656	$	16,919	$	21,248
Weighted average common shares outstanding	17,840		17,808		17,830		16,113		18,682		17,840		18,674		17,830
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.37	$	0.35	$	1.19	$	0.89	$	0.38	$	0.37	$	0.91	$	1.19
Diluted
Net income	$	6,656	$	6,279	$	21,248	$	14,313	$	7,060	$	6,656	$	16,919	$	21,248
Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic earnings per common share	17,840		17,808		17,830		16,113		18,682		17,840		18,674		17,830
Add: Dilutive effects of assumed exercise of stock options	406		446		422		494
Add: Dilutive effects of stock-based awards									452		406		445		422
Average shares and dilutive potential common shares	18,246		18,254		18,252		16,607		19,134		18,246		19,119		18,252
Dilutive earnings per common share	$	0.36	$	0.34	$	1.16	$	0.86	$	0.37	$	0.36	$	0.88	$	1.16

Stock options for ~~110,000~~165,000 and ~~114,000~~110,000 shares of common stock for the three months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, and ~~110,000~~213,000 and ~~76,000~~110,000 shares of common stock for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share, because they were anti-dilutive.

~~Note 14—Shareholders’ Equity~~

The Company’s Articles of Incorporation, as amended, or Articles, authorize the Company to issue up to (i) 125,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Class A Common Stock”), (ii) 25,000,000 shares of Class B Non-Voting Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Class B Non-Voting Common Stock”), and (iii) 10,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share.

~~Preferred Stock~~

The Company, upon authorization of the board of directors, may issue shares of one or more series of preferred stock from time to time. The board of directors may, without any action by holders of Class A and Class B Common Stock or, except as may be otherwise provided in the terms of any series of preferred stock of which there are shares outstanding, holders of preferred stock adopt resolutions to designate and establish a new series of preferred stock. Upon establishing such a series of

preferred stock, the board will determine the number of shares of preferred stock of that series that may be issued and the rights and preferences of that series of preferred stock. The board of directors has not designated or established any series of preferred stock. The rights of any series of preferred stock may include, among others, general or special voting rights; preferential liquidation or preemptive rights; preferential cumulative or noncumulative dividend rights; redemption or put rights; and conversion or exchange rights.

~~Common Stock~~

~~Voting~~. Each holder of Class A Common Stock is entitled to one vote for each share on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders, except as otherwise required by law and subject to the rights and preferences of the holders of any outstanding shares of our preferred stock. The members of the Company’s board of directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast. The Company’s Articles expressly prohibit cumulative voting.

~~Class B Non-Voting Common Stock.~~ Class B Non-Voting Common Stock is non-voting while held by the initial holder with certain limited exceptions. Each share of Class B Non-Voting Common Stock will automatically convert into a share of Class A Common Stock upon certain sales or transfers by the initial holder of such shares including to an unaffiliated third-party and in a widely dispersed public offering. If Class B Non-Voting Common Stock is sold or transferred to an affiliate of the initial holder, the Class B Non-Voting Common Stock would not convert into Class A Common Stock.

On February 23, 2018, the Company completed a private placement of 9.5 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, generating gross proceeds of $114.0 million. Costs incurred with the private placement were $6.1 million. The private placement raised net proceeds of $107.9 million of common equity, $60.0 million of which was contributed as equity capital to the Bank during the first quarter of 2018. Proceeds from this placement also funded a stock repurchase of 997,506 shares of Class A and Class B common stock for $11.4 million, resulting in a net increase in shareholders’ equity of $96.5 million.

~~In March 2018, 1,165,000 shares of Class B common stock were sold by the Company’s shareholders and reissued as Class A common stock.~~

~~Note 15~~ ~~—Subsequent Events~~

~~IPO~~

The Company completed its IPO of 3,333,333 shares of its Class A common stock at a public offering price of $12.00 per share on November 7, 2019. The common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “SI.” The IPO generated aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of $9.9 million before deducting underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses, and estimated aggregate net proceeds to the Company of approximately $6.8 million after deducting underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses, which expenses are not yet finalized. Of the offered shares, 824,605 shares were offered by Silvergate and 2,508,728 shares were offered by selling shareholders. On November 15, 2019, the underwriters purchased an additional 499,999 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock from the Company’s selling shareholders in connection with the exercise in full of their option to purchase additional shares. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling shareholders. The Company intends to use the net proceeds to support continued growth, including organic growth and for general corporate purposes, which could include repayment of long-term debt, future acquisitions and other growth initiatives.

~~Callable Brokered Certificates of Deposit~~

As of September 30, 2019, the Company had issued $325.0 million of callable brokered certificates of deposit related to the hedging strategy. The callable brokered certificates of deposit had an unamortized premium of $2.3 million and have an average life of 4.2 years as of September 30, 2019. These certificates of deposit are initially callable six months after issuance and monthly thereafter. The initial call dates for all callable brokered certificates of deposit are from October 2019 through January 2020. At September 30, 2019, the Company held a total of $196.0 million in callable certificates of deposit and $1.3 million of related unamortized premium, which was subsequently called after the end of third quarter.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis is intended as a review of significant factors affecting the Company’s financial condition and results of operations for the periods indicated. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the Company’s ~~Registration Statement~~Annual Report on Form ~~S-1,~~10-K, which contains audited financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Results for the three and nine ~~month periods~~months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 are not necessarily indicative of results for the year ending December 31, ~~2019~~2020 or any future period.

Cautionary Note Regarding ~~Forward Looking~~Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “predict,” “potential,” “believe,” “will likely result,” “expect,” “continue,” “will,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “projection,” “forecast,” “goal,” “target,” “would,” “aim” and “outlook,” or the negative version of those words or other comparable words or phrases of a future or forward-looking nature. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry and management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. The inclusion of these forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that such expectations, estimates and projections will be achieved. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of this shareholder letter, and we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether because of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by law. New risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict their occurrence. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each risk and uncertainty on our business or the extent to which any risk or uncertainty, or combination of risks and uncertainties, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Further, given its ongoing and dynamic nature, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (or “COVID-19”) outbreak on our business. The extent of such impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, including when the coronavirus can be controlled and abated and when and how the economy may be fully reopened. As the result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related adverse local and national economic consequences, we could be subject to any of the following risks, any of which could have a material, adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations: the demand for our products and services may decline, making it difficult to grow assets and income; if the economy is unable to fully reopen as planned, and high levels of unemployment continue for an extended period of time, loan delinquencies, problem assets, and foreclosures may increase, resulting in increased charges and reduced income; collateral for loans, especially real estate, may decline in value, which could cause loan losses to increase; our allowance for loan losses may increase if borrowers experience financial difficulties, which will adversely affect our net income; the net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors may decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments to us; as the result of the decline in the Federal Reserve Board’s (“Federal Reserve”) target federal funds rate to near 0%, the yield on our assets may decline to a greater extent than the decline in our cost of interest-bearing liabilities, reducing our net interest margin and spread and reducing net income; our cybersecurity risks are increased as the result of an increase in the number of employees working remotely; and FDIC premiums may increase if the agency experiences additional resolution costs.

If one or more of the factors affecting our forward-looking information and statements proves incorrect, then our actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, forward-looking information and statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other reports and registration statements filed by us with the SEC. For information on the factors that could cause actual results to differ from the expectations stated in the forward- looking statements, see “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A of our 2019 Form 10-K in addition to Part II, Item 1A - Risk Factors of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other reports as filed with the SEC.

Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of this report, and we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether because of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by law.

COVID-19 Pandemic Update

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus as a pandemic. The effects of the outbreak are still evolving, and the ultimate severity and duration of the pandemic and the implications on global economic conditions remains uncertain. The following is a summary of some of the actions that we have taken in response to COVID-19 as well as the current and potential effects of COVID-19 on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

Employees

Approximately 95% of our employees continue to work remotely which has had minimal to no impact to maintaining our operations. The Company has adopted preventative measures to protect employees including social distancing policies for those few employees still working in the office, reduced branch hours, restricted non-essential business travel, enhanced cleaning services and continually provides guidelines to employees to promote healthy habits and ways to stay connected while working remotely.

Loan Portfolio

At September 30, 2020, our gross loans held-for-investment portfolio was $739.8 million, with its largest segments consisting of commercial real estate and one-to-four-family residential real estate loans. Within the commercial real estate loan portfolio, we had $82.8 million of retail loans and $46.4 million of hospitality loans at such date. Although there is significant uncertainty in the current economic environment due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, our relatively low to moderate loan-to-value ratios provide a lower probability of loss in the event of defaults in our loan portfolio. We will continue to monitor trends in our loan portfolio segments for any known or probable adverse conditions with an emphasis on our retail and hospitality loans within our commercial real estate loan portfolio.

Additional information at September 30, 2020 related to our loan segments, including the weighted average loan-to-values for our real estate portfolio, is set forth below. Weighted average loan-to-value ratios are based on current loan balances and appraised values obtained either at loan origination or based on a more current updated appraisal.



	September 30, 2020
	Loan Balance At Period End		Weighted Average Loan-to-Value	Percentage of Loan Portfolio Balance


Loan Segment:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	$	209,040	55%	28.3%
Multi-family	72,714		48%	9.8%
Commercial industry sectors:
Retail	82,785		54%	11.2%
Hospitality	46,398		44%	6.3%
Office	57,973		63%	7.8%
Industrial	86,022		60%	11.6%
Other	43,475		46%	5.9%
Total Commercial	316,653		55%	42.8%
Construction	13,854		52%	1.9%
Other	32,832		N/A	4.4%
Mortgage warehouse	94,684		N/A	12.8%
Total gross loans held-for-investment	$	739,777	N/A	100.0%

In April 2020, we implemented a short-term loan modification program for customers impacted financially by the COVID-19 pandemic to provide temporary relief to certain borrowers who meet the program’s qualifications. The program was offered to borrowers to modify their existing loans to temporarily defer principal and/or interest payments for a specified period of time, extend loan maturity dates and/or waive certain loan covenants. Due to the fluid nature of COVID-19, this program has been evolving in order to provide maximum relief to bank borrowers. Deferred payments may be extended for continued hardship but are generally not to exceed a total of six months, where COVID-19 related issues continue to persist. The majority of short-term loan modifications for commercial real estate loan borrowers consist of deferred payments which may include principal, interest and escrow. Deferred interest is capitalized to the loan balance and deferred principal is added to the maturity or payoff date. For one-to-four family residential real estate loans, the majority of short-term modifications consist of deferring full monthly payment of principal, interest and escrow, with deferred payments due at maturity or payoff of the loan. Loans qualifying for these modifications will not be required to be reported as delinquent, nonaccrual, impaired or criticized solely as a result of a COVID-19 loan modification for the months of payment deferrals. Borrowers considered current are those that are less than 30 days past due on their modified contractual payments.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we modified a total of 56 loans representing $142.9 million in loan balances, or 19% of total gross loans held-for-investment as of September 30, 2020. The two sectors within our commercial real estate loan portfolio that are expected to be most heavily impacted by COVID-19, retail and hospitality, made up $92.1 million of these modifications. The majority of loans modified under these programs were maintained on accrual status during the deferral period. Section 4013 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) addressed COVID-19 related modifications and specified that such modifications made on loans that were current as of December 31, 2019 are not troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). In accordance with interagency guidance issued in April 2020, short-term modifications made to a borrower affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and governmental shutdown orders, such as payment deferrals, fee waivers and extensions of repayment terms, do not need to be identified as TDRs if the loans were current at the time a modification plan was implemented. The Company elected to adopt the provisions of the CARES Act for modifications that meet the requirements described above. None of the modified loans met the criteria of a TDR under the CARES Act or the related interagency statement.

The Company has worked closely with its borrowers throughout the pandemic. As of September 30, 2020, the remaining loans in deferral due to COVID-19 are as follows:



	Loan Balance At Period End		Percentage of Loan Portfolio Balance


COVID-19 related modifications:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	$	9,320	1.3%
Retail	1,955		0.3%
Hospitality	21,447		2.9%
Total commercial	23,402		3.2%
Total modifications outstanding	$	32,722	4.4%

Overview

Silvergate Capital Corporation is the holding company for our wholly-owned subsidiary, Silvergate Bank, which we believe is the leading provider of innovative financial infrastructure solutions and services to participants in the nascent and expanding digital currency industry. Instrumental to our leadership position and growth strategy is the Silvergate Exchange Network ~~or SEN,~~(“SEN”) our proprietary, virtually instantaneous payment network for participants in the digital currency industry which serves as a platform for the development of additional products and services. The SEN has a powerful network effect that makes it more valuable as participants and utilization increase. The SEN has enabled us to focus on significantly growing our noninterest bearing deposit product for digital currency industry participants, which has provided the majority of our funding over the last two years. This unique source of funding is a distinctive advantage over most traditional financial institutions and allows us to generate revenue from a conservative portfolio of investments in cash, short term securities and certain types of loans that we believe generate attractive risk-adjusted returns. In addition, use of the SEN has resulted in an increase in noninterest income that we believe will become a valuable source of additional revenue as we develop and deploy fee-based solutions in connection with our digital currency initiative. We are also evaluating additional products or product enhancements specifically targeted at providing further financial infrastructure solutions to our customers and strengthening SEN network effects.

The Company is a Maryland corporation ~~that is the parent company of Silvergate Bank. The Company’s~~whose assets consist primarily of its investment in the Bank and its primary activities are conducted through the Bank. The Company is a registered bank holding company that is subject to supervision by the Federal Reserve. The Bank is subject to supervision by the California Department of ~~Business Oversight,~~Financial Protection and Innovation, Division of Financial Institutions ~~or DBO~~(“DFPI”) and, as a Federal Reserve member bank since 2012, the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco ~~or FRB.~~(“FRB”). The Bank’s deposits are insured up to legal limits by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ~~or FDIC.~~(“FDIC”).

The Bank provides financial services that include commercial banking, commercial and residential real estate lending, mortgage warehouse lending and commercial business lending. Our client base is diverse and consists of business and individual clients in California and other states and includes digital currency-related customers in the United States and internationally. Following the Bank’s conversion to a commercial bank we began introducing an expanded array of relationship-oriented business products and services, which in the past five years has been augmented by our digital currency initiative. While our commercial real estate lending activities are concentrated in California, we have a broader, nationwide

focus on deposit and cash management services for digital ~~currency-related~~currency related businesses, as well as mortgage warehouse and

correspondent residential lending. ~~Our goal is~~ Beginning in July 2020, we ceased issuing purchase commitments for residential real estate loans through our correspondent lending unit, but will continue to ~~establish profitable long-term banking relationships.~~service existing loans currently on our balance sheet.

In March 2019, the Company and the Bank completed the sale of the Bank’s retail branch located in San Marcos, California and business loan portfolio to HomeStreet Bank. This transaction generated a pre-tax gain on sale of $5.5 million and reduced total loans by $115.4 million and total deposits by $74.5 million. Further, on June 28, 2019, the Company consolidated its La Mesa Business Banking Center into its La Jolla headquarters branch office, resulting in the Company having only one branch location.

Digital Currency Initiative

We leverage the SEN and our management team’s expertise in the digital currency industry to develop, implement and maintain critical financial infrastructure solutions and services for many of the largest U.S. digital currency exchanges and global investors, as well as other digital currency infrastructure providers that utilize the Company as a foundational layer for their products. The SEN is a central element of the operations of our digital currency related customers, which enables us to grow with our existing customers and to attract new customers who can benefit from our innovative solutions and services. We believe that our ~~management team’s~~ vision and ~~our~~ advanced approach to compliance complement the SEN and empower us to extend our leadership position in the industry by developing additional infrastructure solutions and services that will facilitate growth in our business.

We began exploring the digital currency industry in 2013 based on market dynamics which we believed were highly attractive:


•	Significant and Growing Industry: Digital currency presented a revolutionary model for executing financial transactions with substantial potential for growth.


•	Infrastructure Needs: In order to become widely adopted, digital currency would need to rely on many traditional elements of financial services, including those services that support funds transfers, customer account controls and other security measures.


•	Regulatory Complexity as a Barrier to Entry: Providing infrastructure solutions and services to the digital currency industry would require specialized compliance capabilities and a management team with a deep understanding of both the digital currency and the financial services industries.

These insights have been proven correct and we believe they remain true today. In fact, we believe that the market opportunity for digital currencies, the need for infrastructure solutions and services and the regulatory complexity have all expanded significantly since 2013. Our ability to address these market dynamics over the past six years has provided us with a first-mover advantage within the digital currency industry that is the cornerstone of our leadership position today.

Digital Currency Customers

Our customer base has grown rapidly, as many customers proactively approach us due to our reputation as the leading provider of innovative financial infrastructure solutions and services to participants in the digital currency industry, which includes our unique technology solutions. As of September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, we had ~~250~~over 200 prospective digital currency ~~customers~~customer leads in various stages of our customer onboarding process and pipeline, which includes extensive regulatory compliance diligence and integrating of the customer’s technology stack for those new digital currency customers interested in using our ~~API.~~APIs.

The following ~~chart~~list sets forth summary information regarding the types of market participants ~~who~~that are our primary customers:


•	Digital Currency Exchanges: Exchanges through which digital currencies are bought and sold; includes over-the-counter, or OTC, trading desks.


•	Institutional Investors: Hedge funds, venture capital funds, private equity funds, family offices and traditional asset managers, ~~which~~that are investing in digital currencies as an asset class.


•	Other Customers: Companies developing new protocols, platforms and applications; mining operations; and providers of other services.

Our customers include some of the largest U.S. exchanges and global investors in the digital currency industry. These market participants generally hold either or both of two distinct types of funds: (i) those funds that market participants use for digital currency investment activities, which we refer to as investor funds, and (ii) those funds that market participants use for business operations, which we refer to as operating funds.

Our customer ecosystem also includes software developers, digital currency miners, custodians and general industry participants that need our solutions and services.

Silvergate Exchange Network

The following table presents the number of transactions and the U.S. dollar volume of transactions that occurred on the SEN for the periods presented:

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2019 2018 2019 2018

(Dollars in millions)
# SEN Transactions 12,312
1,453
31,663
2,892
$ Volume of SEN Transactions $ 10,425
$ 1,680
$ 23,126
$ 4,359



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019

	(Dollars in millions)
# of SEN Transactions	68,361		12,312		140,052		31,663
$ of Volume of SEN Transfers	$	36,663	$	10,425	$	76,458	$	23,126

Financial Results

The following table presents the components of results of operations, performance ratios and share data for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2020			2019			2020			2019

	(In thousands, except per share data)												(In thousands, except per share data)
Statement of Operations Data:
Interest income	$	21,388		$	18,707		$	60,923		$	51,151		$	19,305		$	21,388		$	57,382		$	60,923
Interest expense	2,945			737			5,596			2,391			379			2,945			6,926			5,596
Net interest income	18,443			17,970			55,327			48,760			18,926			18,443			50,456			55,327
(Reversal of) provision for loan losses	(858		)	—			(439		)	148			—			(858		)	589			(439		)
Net interest income after provision	19,301			17,970			55,766			48,612			18,926			19,301			49,867			55,766
Noninterest income	2,599			2,184			12,624			5,572			3,964			2,599			14,329			12,624
Noninterest expense	12,611			11,417			38,818			34,346			14,133			12,611			41,980			38,818
Income before income taxes	9,289			8,737			29,572			19,838			8,757			9,289			22,216			29,572
Income tax expense	2,633			2,458			8,324			5,525			1,697			2,633			5,297			8,324
Net income	$	6,656		$	6,279		$	21,248		$	14,313		$	7,060		$	6,656		$	16,919		$	21,248
Financial Ratios⁽¹⁾:
Return on average assets (ROAA)⁽²⁾	1.20		%	1.27		%	1.38		%	1.00		%	1.13		%	1.20		%	0.99		%	1.38		%
Return on average equity (ROAE)⁽²⁾	11.78		%	13.74		%	13.61		%	12.09		%	10.14		%	11.78		%	8.73		%	13.61		%
Net interest margin⁽³⁾	3.39		%	3.67		%	3.64		%	3.45		%	3.19		%	3.39		%	3.07		%	3.64		%
Noninterest income to average assets⁽²⁾	0.47		%	0.44		%	0.82		%	0.39		%	0.63		%	0.47		%	0.83		%	0.82		%
Noninterest expense to average assets	2.27		%	2.32		%	2.52		%	2.41		%	2.26		%	2.27		%	2.45		%	2.52		%
Efficiency ratio⁽²⁾⁽⁴⁾	59.93		%	56.65		%	57.13		%	63.22		%	61.74		%	59.93		%	64.80		%	57.13		%
Loan yield⁽⁵⁾	5.50		%	5.64		%	5.56		%	5.47		%	4.45		%	5.50		%	4.74		%	5.56		%
Cost of deposits	0.50		%	0.09		%	0.29		%	0.11		%	0.01		%	0.50		%	0.40		%	0.29		%
Cost of funds	0.59		%	0.17		%	0.41		%	0.18		%	0.07		%	0.59		%	0.46		%	0.41		%
Share Data:
Basic earnings per share	$	0.37		$	0.35		$	1.19		$	0.89		$	0.38		$	0.37		$	0.91		$	1.19
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.36		$	0.34		$	1.16		$	0.86		$	0.37		$	0.36		$	0.88		$	1.16
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	17,840			17,808			17,830			16,113			18,682			17,840			18,674			17,830
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	18,246			18,254			18,252			16,607			19,134			18,246			19,119			18,252

________________________


(1)	Data has been annualized except for efficiency ratio.


(2)	Excluding the gain attributed to the branch sale, net income would have been $17.3 million and ROAA, ROAE, noninterest income to average assets and efficiency ratio would have been 1.12%, 11.09%, 0.46% and 62.17%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of these metrics.


(3)	Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as annualized net interest income, on a fully taxable equivalent basis for interest income on tax-exempt securities using the federal statutory tax rate of 21.0%, divided by average interest earning assets for the same period.


(4)	Efficiency ratio is calculated by dividing noninterest expenses by net interest income plus noninterest income.


(5)	Includes nonaccrual loans and loans 90 days and more past due.

The following table presents the components of financial condition and ratios at the dates indicated:


		September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018			September 30, 2020			December 31, 2019

		(Dollars in thousands)						(Dollars in thousands)
Statement of Financial Condition Data:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	160,258		$	674,420		$	197,482		$	133,604
Securities		909,917			357,251			944,161			897,766
Loans held-for-sale								665,842			375,922
Loans held-for-investment, net		691,990			592,781			735,857			664,622
Loans held-for-sale		311,410			350,636
Other assets		63,269			29,230			77,231			56,213
Total assets		$	2,136,844		$	2,004,318		$	2,620,573		$	2,128,127
Deposits	��	$	1,848,095		$	1,783,005		$	2,281,108		$	1,814,654
Borrowings		39,813			20,659			25,827			68,530
Other liabilities		18,322			9,408			29,877			13,907
Total liabilities		1,906,230			1,813,072			2,336,812			1,897,091
Total shareholders’ equity		230,614			191,246			283,761			231,036
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity		$	2,136,844		$	2,004,318		$	2,620,573		$	2,128,127
Nonperforming Assets:
Nonperforming loans		$	6,707		$	8,303		$	4,107		$	5,909
Troubled debt restructurings		$	1,840		$	514		$	1,572		$	1,791
Other real estate owned, net		$	81		$	31		$	27		$	128
Nonperforming assets		$	6,788		$	8,334		$	4,134		$	6,037
Asset Quality Ratios:
Nonperforming assets to total assets		0.32		%	0.42		%	0.16		%	0.28		%
Nonperforming loans to gross loans⁽¹⁾		0.96		%	1.39		%	0.56		%	0.88		%
Nonperforming assets to gross loans and other real estate owned⁽¹⁾		0.98		%	1.40		%	0.56		%	0.90		%
Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average total loans⁽¹⁾		0.01		%	(0.01		)%
Net charge-offs to average total loans⁽¹⁾								0.00		%	0.01		%
Allowance for loan losses to gross loans⁽¹⁾		0.89		%	1.13		%	0.91		%	0.93		%
Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans		92.31		%	80.97		%	164.67		%	104.77		%
Company Capital Ratios:
Tier 1 leverage ratio		10.43		%	9.00		%	10.36		%	11.23		%
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio		23.57		%	23.10		%	22.58		%	24.52		%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio		25.28		%	24.96		%	24.03		%	26.21		%
Total risk-based capital ratio		25.97		%	25.77		%	24.68		%	26.90		%
Total shareholders’ equity to total assets		10.79		%	9.54		%	10.83		%	10.86		%
Book value per share		$	12.92		$	10.73		$	15.18		$	12.38
Bank Capital Ratios:
Tier 1 leverage ratio		10.01		%	8.51		%	9.84		%	10.52		%
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio		24.30		%	23.68		%	22.82		%	24.55		%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio		24.30		%	23.68		%	22.82		%	24.55		%
Total risk-based capital ratio		25.00		%	24.50		%	23.47		%	25.24		%
Other:
Total headcount		209			209			215			215

________________________


(1)	Loans exclude loans held-for-sale at each of the dates presented.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The accompanying management’s discussion and analysis of results of operations and financial condition is based upon our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under current circumstances, results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. ~~There~~Other than uncertainty related to COVID-19, there have been no significant changes during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s ~~prospectus dated November 6, 2019 and~~Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on ~~November 8, 2019, relating to its initial public offering (“IPO”).~~March 10, 2020.

Accounting policies, as described in detail in the notes to our consolidated financial statements, included in the Company’s ~~prospectus dated November 6, 2019 and filed with the SEC~~Annual Report on ~~November 8, 2019,~~Form 10-K, are an integral part of our financial statements. A thorough understanding of these accounting policies is essential when reviewing our reported results of operations and our financial position. We believe that ~~the~~those critical accounting policies and estimates ~~discussed below~~ require us to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain. Changes in these estimates, which are likely to occur from period to period, or use of different estimates that we could have reasonably used in the current period, would have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Results of Operations

Net Income

The following table sets forth the principal components of net income for the periods indicated.


	Three Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018		% Increase/ (Decrease)		2019			2018		% Increase/ (Decrease)		2020		2019			% Increase/ (Decrease)		2020		2019			% Increase/ (Decrease)

	(Dollars in thousands)														(Dollars in thousands)
Interest income	$	21,388		$	18,707	14.3	%	$	60,923		$	51,151	19.1	%	$	19,305	$	21,388		(9.7	)%	$	57,382	$	60,923		(5.8	)%
Interest expense	2,945			737		299.6	%	5,596			2,391		134.0	%	379		2,945			(87.1	)%	6,926		5,596			23.8	%
Net interest income	18,443			17,970		2.6	%	55,327			48,760		13.5	%	18,926		18,443			2.6	%	50,456		55,327			(8.8	)%
(Reversal of) provision for loan losses	(858		)	—		N/M		(439		)	148		(396.6	)%	—		(858		)	N/M		589		(439		)	234.2	%
Net interest income after provision	19,301			17,970		7.4	%	55,766			48,612		14.7	%	18,926		19,301			(1.9	)%	49,867		55,766			(10.6	)%
Noninterest income	2,599			2,184		19.0	%	12,624			5,572		126.6	%	3,964		2,599			52.5	%	14,329		12,624			13.5	%
Noninterest expense	12,611			11,417		10.5	%	38,818			34,346		13.0	%	14,133		12,611			12.1	%	41,980		38,818			8.1	%
Net income before income taxes	9,289			8,737		6.3	%	29,572			19,838		49.1	%	8,757		9,289			(5.7	)%	22,216		29,572			(24.9	)%
Income tax expense	2,633			2,458		7.1	%	8,324			5,525		50.7	%	1,697		2,633			(35.5	)%	5,297		8,324			(36.4	)%
Net income	$	6,656		$	6,279	6.0	%	$	21,248		$	14,313	48.5	%	$	7,060	$	6,656		6.1	%	$	16,919	$	21,248		(20.4	)%

________________________

N/M—Not meaningful

Net income for the three months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 was ~~$6.7~~$7.1 million, an increase of $0.4 million or ~~6.0%~~6.1% from net income of ~~$6.3~~$6.7 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2018.~~2019. The increase was primarily due to ~~an increase of $2.7 million or 14.3% in interest income,~~ a ~~$0.9 million loan loss reversal and a $0.4~~$1.4 million increase in noninterest income, a $0.9 million decrease in income tax expense and a $0.5 million increase in net interest income, partially offset by a ~~$2.2~~$1.5 million ~~increase or 299.6% in interest expense, a $1.2 million or 10.5%~~ increase in noninterest ~~expense and a $0.2 million increase in income tax expense, all as described below.~~expense.

Net income for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 was ~~$21.2~~$16.9 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$6.9~~$4.3 million or ~~48.5%~~20.4% from net income of ~~$14.3~~$21.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2018.~~2019. The ~~increase~~decrease was primarily due to ~~an increase of $9.8~~a $4.9 million ~~or 19.1%~~decrease in net interest income and a ~~$7.1~~$3.2 million increase in noninterest expense, offset by a $3.0 million decrease in income tax expense and $1.7 million increase in noninterest income, ~~partially offset by a $3.2 million or 134.0% increase in interest expense, a $4.5 million or 13.0% increase in noninterest expense and a $2.8 million increase in income tax expense,~~ all as described below.

Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin Analysis (Taxable Equivalent Basis)

We analyze our ability to maximize income generated from interest earning assets and control the interest expenses of our liabilities, measured as net interest income, through our net interest margin and net interest spread. Net interest income is the difference between the interest and fees earned on interest earning assets, such as loans, interest earning deposits in other banks and securities, and the interest expense incurred on interest bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings, which are used to fund those assets. Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as net interest income divided by average interest earning assets for the same period. Net interest spread is the difference between average interest rates earned on interest earning assets and average interest rates paid on interest bearing liabilities.

Changes in market interest rates and the interest rates we earn on interest earning assets or pay on interest bearing liabilities, as well as in the volume and types of interest earning assets, interest bearing and noninterest bearing liabilities and shareholders’ equity, are usually the largest drivers of periodic changes in net interest income, net interest margin and net interest spread. Fluctuations in market interest rates are driven by many factors, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, deflation, macroeconomic developments, changes in unemployment, the money supply, political and international conditions and conditions in domestic and foreign financial markets. Periodic changes in the volume and types of loans in our loan portfolio are affected by, among other factors, economic and competitive conditions in the Southern California region, developments affecting the real estate, technology, hospitality, tourism and financial services sectors within our target markets and throughout the Southern California region, the volume and availability of residential loan pools and non-qualified residential loans and mortgage banker relationships. Our ability to respond to changes in these factors by using effective asset-liability management techniques is critical to maintaining the stability of our net interest income and net interest margin as our primary sources of earnings.

The following tables show the average outstanding balance of each principal category of our assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity, together with the average yields on our assets and the average costs of our liabilities for the periods indicated. Such yields and cost are calculated by dividing income or expense by the average daily balances of the associated assets or liabilities for the same period.

Tax-exempt income from securities is calculated on a taxable equivalent basis. Net interest income, net interest spread and net interest margin are presented on a taxable equivalent basis to consistently reflect income from taxable securities and tax-exempt securities based on the federal statutory tax rate of 21.0%.

AVERAGE BALANCE SHEET AND NET INTEREST ANALYSIS


	Three Months Ended September 30,												Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019						2018						2020							2019
	Average Outstanding Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate		Average Outstanding Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate		Average Outstanding Balance		Interest Income/ Expense			Average Yield/ Rate		Average Outstanding Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate

	(Dollars in thousands)												(Dollars in thousands)
Assets
Interest earning assets:
Interest earning deposits in other banks	$	234,606	$	1,183	2.00	%	$	770,832	$	3,921	2.02	%	$	245,855	$	196		0.32	%	$	234,606	$	1,183	2.00	%
Securities	935,263		6,510		2.76	%	266,718		1,941		2.89	%
Loans⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾	979,283		13,574		5.50	%	895,107		12,726		5.64	%
Taxable securities													679,277		3,746			2.19	%	935,263		6,510		2.76	%
Tax-exempt securities⁽¹⁾													267,511		2,177			3.24	%	—		—		—
Loans⁽²⁾⁽³⁾													1,209,884		13,527			4.45	%	979,283		13,574		5.50	%
Other	10,742		121		4.47	%	10,140		119		4.66	%	15,112		116			3.05	%	10,742		121		4.47	%
Total interest earning assets	2,159,894		21,388		3.93	%	1,942,797		18,707		3.82	%	2,417,639		19,762			3.25	%	2,159,894		21,388		3.93	%
Noninterest earning assets	45,306						12,706						68,327							45,306
Total assets	$	2,205,200					$	1,955,503					$	2,485,966						$	2,205,200
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing deposits	$	438,277	$	2,385	2.16	%	$	234,044	$	400	0.68	%	$	108,755	$	57		0.21	%	$	438,277	$	2,385	2.16	%
FHLB advances and other borrowings	43,642		289		2.63	%	6,622		98		5.87	%	124,886		65			0.21	%	43,642		289		2.63	%
Subordinated debentures	15,810		271		6.80	%	15,796		239		6.00	%	15,825		257			6.46	%	15,810		271		6.80	%
Total interest bearing liabilities	497,729		2,945		2.35	%	256,462		737		1.14	%	249,466		379			0.60	%	497,729		2,945		2.35	%
Noninterest bearing liabilities:
Noninterest bearing deposits	1,468,992						1,512,393						1,935,661							1,468,992
Other liabilities	14,400						5,297						23,860							14,400
Shareholders’ equity	224,079						181,351						276,979							224,079
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,205,200					$	1,955,503					$	2,485,966						$	2,205,200
Net interest spread⁽³⁾					1.58	%					2.68	%
Net interest income			$	18,443					$	17,970
Net interest margin⁽⁴⁾					3.39	%					3.67	%
Net interest spread⁽⁴⁾																		2.65	%					1.58	%
Net interest income, taxable equivalent basis															$	19,383						$	18,443
Net interest margin⁽⁵⁾																		3.19	%					3.39	%
Reconciliation to reported net interest income:
Adjustments for taxable equivalent basis															(457		)					—
Net interest income, as reported															$	18,926						$	18,443

________________________

~~(1)Loans include nonaccrual loans and loans held-for-sale, net of deferred fees and before allowance for loan losses.~~

~~(2)Interest income includes amortization of deferred loan fees, net of deferred loan costs.~~

~~(3)Net interest spread is the difference between interest rates earned on interest earning assets and interest rates paid on interest bearing liabilities.~~

~~(4)Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as annualized net interest income divided by average interest earning assets for the same period.~~


(1)	Interest income on tax-exempt securities is presented on a taxable equivalent basis using the federal statutory tax rate of 21.0% for all periods presented.


(2)	Loans include nonaccrual loans and loans held-for-sale, net of deferred fees and before allowance for loan losses.


(3)	Interest income includes amortization of deferred loan fees, net of deferred loan costs.


(4)	Net interest spread is the difference between interest rates earned on interest earning assets and interest rates paid on interest bearing liabilities.


(5)	Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as annualized net interest income, on a taxable equivalent basis, divided by average interest earning assets for the same period.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019						2018						2020							2019
	Average Outstanding Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate		Average Outstanding Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate		Average Outstanding Balance		Interest Income/ Expense			Average Yield/ Rate		Average Outstanding Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate

	(Dollars in thousands)												(Dollars in thousands)
Assets
Interest earning assets:
Interest earning deposits in other banks	$	465,201	$	8,038	2.31	%	$	770,368	$	10,386	1.80	%	$	216,278	$	1,325		0.82	%	$	465,201	$	8,038	2.31	%
Securities	633,742		14,044		2.96	%	248,584		5,016		2.70	%
Loans⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾	921,982		38,369		5.56	%	863,967		35,357		5.47	%
Taxable securities													757,132		13,917			2.46	%	633,742		14,044		2.96	%
Tax-exempt securities⁽¹⁾													168,813		4,234			3.35	%	—		—		—
Loans⁽²⁾⁽³⁾													1,081,506		38,358			4.74	%	921,982		38,369		5.56	%
Other	10,668		472		5.92	%	8,994		392		5.83	%	13,035		437			4.48	%	10,668		472		5.92	%
Total interest earning assets	2,031,593		60,923		4.01	%	1,891,913		51,151		3.61	%	2,236,764		58,271			3.48	%	2,031,593		60,923		4.01	%
Noninterest earning assets	31,705						12,771						56,513							31,705
Total assets	$	2,063,298					$	1,904,684					$	2,293,277						$	2,063,298
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing deposits	$	303,730	$	3,920	1.73	%	$	269,331	$	1,386	0.69	%	$	246,439	$	5,760		3.12	%	$	303,730	$	3,920	1.73	%
FHLB advances and other borrowings	40,499		874		2.89	%	8,315		334		5.37	%	90,254		372			0.55	%	40,499		874		2.89	%
Subordinated debentures	15,807		802		6.78	%	15,793		671		5.68	%	15,822		794			6.70	%	15,807		802		6.78	%
Total interest bearing liabilities	360,036		5,596		2.08	%	293,439		2,391		1.09	%	352,515		6,926			2.62	%	360,036		5,596		2.08	%
Noninterest bearing liabilities:
Noninterest bearing deposits	1,482,317						1,447,404						1,662,233							1,482,317
Other liabilities	12,170						5,593						19,625							12,170
Shareholders’ equity	208,775						158,248						258,904							208,775
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,063,298					$	1,904,684					$	2,293,277						$	2,063,298
Net interest spread⁽³⁾					1.93	%					2.52	%
Net interest income			$	55,327					$	48,760
Net interest margin⁽⁴⁾					3.64	%					3.45	%
Net interest spread⁽⁴⁾																		0.86	%					1.93	%
Net interest income, taxable equivalent basis															$	51,345						$	55,327
Net interest margin⁽⁵⁾																		3.07	%					3.64	%
Reconciliation to reported net interest income:
Adjustments for taxable equivalent basis															(889		)					—
Net interest income, as reported															$	50,456						$	55,327

________________________

~~(1)Loans include nonaccrual loans and loans held-for-sale, net of deferred fees and before allowance for loan losses.~~

~~(2)Interest income includes amortization of deferred loan fees, net of deferred loan costs.~~

~~(3)Net interest spread is the difference between interest rates earned on interest earning assets and interest rates paid on interest bearing liabilities.~~

~~(4)Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as annualized net interest income divided by average interest earning assets for the same period.~~


(1)	Interest income on tax-exempt securities is presented on a taxable equivalent basis using the federal statutory tax rate of 21.0% for all periods presented.


(2)	Loans include nonaccrual loans and loans held-for-sale, net of deferred fees and before allowance for loan losses.


(3)	Interest income includes amortization of deferred loan fees, net of deferred loan costs.


(4)	Net interest spread is the difference between interest rates earned on interest earning assets and interest rates paid on interest bearing liabilities.


(5)	Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as annualized net interest income, on a taxable equivalent basis, divided by average interest earning assets for the same period.

Information regarding the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense for the periods indicated for each major component of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities and distinguishes between the changes attributable to changes in volume and changes attributable to changes in interest rates. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume that cannot be segregated have been proportionately allocated to both volume and rate.

ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN NET INTEREST INCOME


	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to 2018										For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to 2018											For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to 2019											For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to 2019
	Change Due To						Interest Variance				Change Due To							Interest Variance				Change Due To							Interest Variance				Change Due To							Interest Variance
	Volume			Rate						Volume				Rate				Interest Variance			Volume				Rate				Interest Variance			Volume				Rate				Interest Variance
							Interest Variance
	(Dollars in thousands)																					(Dollars in thousands)
Interest Income:
Interest earning deposits in other banks	$	(2,704	)	$	(34	)	$	(2,738	)		$	(4,791	)		$	2,443		$	(2,348	)		$	54			$	(1,041	)	$	(987	)		$	(3,043	)		$	(3,670	)	$	(6,713	)
Securities	4,657			(88		)	4,569				8,490				538			9,028
Taxable securities																						(1,571		)		(1,193		)	(2,764		)		2,486				(2,613		)	(127		)
Tax-exempt securities⁽¹⁾																						2,177				—			2,177				4,234				—			4,234
Loans	1,173			(325		)	848				2,406				606			3,012				2,857				(2,904		)	(47		)		6,110				(6,121		)	(11		)
Other	7			(5		)	2				74				6			80				40				(45		)	(5		)		93				(128		)	(35		)
Total interest income	$	3,133		$	(452	)	$	2,681			$	6,179			$	3,593		$	9,772			3,557				(5,183		)	(1,626		)		9,880				(12,532		)	(2,652		)
Interest Expense:
Interest bearing deposits	$	567		$	1,418		$	1,985			$	198			$	2,336		$	2,534			(1,057		)		(1,271		)	(2,328		)		(860		)		2,700			1,840
FHLB advances and other borrowings	272			(81		)	191				758				(218		)	540				206				(430		)	(224		)		550				(1,052		)	(502		)
Subordinated debentures	—			32			32				(1		)		132			131				—				(14		)	(14		)		(1		)		(7		)	(8		)
Total interest expense	839			1,369			2,208				955				2,250			3,205				(851		)		(1,715		)	(2,566		)		(311		)		1,641			1,330
Net interest income	$	2,294		$	(1,821	)	$	473			$	5,224			$	1,343		$	6,567
Net interest income, taxable equivalent basis																						$	4,408			$	(3,468	)	$	940			$	10,191			$	(14,173	)	$	(3,982	)

________________________


(1)	Interest income on tax-exempt securities is presented on a taxable equivalent basis using the federal statutory tax rate of 21.0% for all periods presented.

Net interest income on a taxable equivalent basis increased ~~$0.5~~$0.9 million to $19.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $18.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, ~~compared~~due to ~~$18.0~~a decrease of $2.6 million in interest expense, partially offset by a decrease of $1.6 million in interest income.

Average total interest earning assets increased $257.7 million or 11.9% for the three months ended September 30, ~~2018, due~~2020, compared to ~~an increase of $2.7 million~~the same period in ~~interest income partially offset by an increase of $2.2 million in interest expense.~~

Average total interest earning assets increased $217.1 million or 11.2%, from $1.9 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2018 to $2.2 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was2019, primarily due to an increase in ~~average balance of~~loans and, to a lesser extent, increases in securities ~~loans, partly offset by a decrease in~~and interest earning deposits in other banks. The increase in securities was driven by the purchase of fixed-rate commercial mortgage-backed securities and adjustable rate residential mortgage-backed securities, while the increase in loans was primarily driven by an increase in mortgage warehouse loans, partly offset by a decrease in commercial loans related to the sale of the San Marcos branch in the first quarter of 2019. Yields on earning assets benefited from the increase in securities relative to interest earnings deposits in other banks, and from an overall increase in higher yielding loans. Interest earning deposits in other banks decreased $305.2 million from $770.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 to $465.2 million three months ended September 30, 2019. The movement in these asset classes was primarily due to the implementation of the Bank’s hedging strategy beginning in March 2019. For a further discussion of our hedging strategy, see “—Financial Condition—Securities.” The average annualized yield on total interest earning assets ~~increased~~decreased from ~~3.82% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 to~~ 3.93% for the three months ended September 30, ~~2019.~~

~~Average interest bearing liabilities increased $241.3 million or 94.1%~~2019, to 3.25% for the three months ended September 30, ~~2019 as~~2020, primarily due to lower yields on loans, securities and interest earning deposits in other banks. The lower yields were due to declines in the federal funds rate and London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), which was partially offset by the impact of interest rate floors which were put in place during 2019.

Average interest bearing liabilities decreased $248.3 million or 49.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the same period in ~~2018~~2019, primarily due to calling the ~~implementation~~remaining balance of ~~the Bank’s hedging strategy. The increase in interest bearing deposits was primarily due to the issuance of callable~~ brokered certificates of ~~deposits, which were~~deposit used ~~to fund the fixed-rate commercial mortgage-backed securities, both associated with~~in our hedging ~~strategy.~~strategy, as discussed further below. The average annualized rate on total interest bearing liabilities ~~increased~~decreased to ~~2.35%~~0.60% for the three months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020, compared to ~~1.14%~~2.35% for the same period in ~~2018~~2019, primarily due to ~~interest on callable~~the impact of calling the remaining outstanding balance of brokered certificates of deposits ~~associated with our hedging strategy.~~during the three months ended June 30, 2020.

For the three months ended September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the net interest spread was ~~1.58%~~2.65% and the net interest margin was ~~3.39%~~3.19%, compared to ~~2.68%~~1.58% and ~~3.67%~~3.39%, respectively, for the comparable period in ~~2018.~~2019. The ~~decrease in the net interest spread and~~ net interest margin indecrease from the three months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to lower yields on loans, cash and cash equivalents, and securities due to a declining rate environment, partially offset by lower interest expense from calling the ~~callable~~remainder of the brokered certificates of ~~deposits associated with our hedging strategy.~~deposit during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and a higher proportion of loans to total assets driven by mortgage warehouse.

Net interest income ~~increased $6.6~~on a taxable equivalent basis decreased $4.0 million to $51.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $55.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, due to a decrease of $2.7 million in interest income and an increase of $1.3 million in interest expense.

Average total interest earning assets increased $205.2 million or 10.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to ~~$48.8~~the same period in 2019, primarily due to increases in securities and loans offset by decreases in interest earning deposits in other banks. The average balance of securities increased from $633.7 million for the nine months ended

September 30, 2019, to $925.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2018, due to an increase of $9.8 million in interest income partially offset by an increase of $3.2 million in interest expense.~~

Average total interest earning assets increased $139.7 million or 7.4%, from $1.9 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to $2.0 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This increase was due to the inflow of noninterest bearing deposits related to our digital currency initiative which were invested in securities and interest earning deposits. The average balance of securities increased from $248.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to

~~$633.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019~~2020, while the average balance of interest bearing deposits in other banks decreased from ~~$770.4~~$465.2 million to ~~$465.2~~$216.3 million over the same time period. The movement in these asset classes was primarily due to the ~~implementation of the Bank’s~~Company’s hedging strategy, ~~during~~intended to protect earnings in a declining interest rate environment, that was implemented starting in March 2019. The original hedging strategy included the ~~first nine months~~purchase of ~~2019.~~$400.0 million in notional amount of interest rate floors, $350.4 million in fixed-rate commercial mortgage-backed securities and issuing $325.0 million of callable brokered certificates of deposit. The average annualized yield on total interest earning assets ~~increased~~decreased from ~~3.61% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to~~ 4.01% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, ~~primarily due~~ to ~~interest on callable brokered certificates deposits associated with our hedging strategy.~~

~~Average interest bearing liabilities increased $66.6 million or 22.7%~~3.48% for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020, primarily due to lower yields on interest earning deposits in other banks and securities as well as loans. The lower yields were due to declines in federal funds rate and LIBOR which was partially offset by the interest rate floors. In February 2020, the Company sold $200.0 million of its total $400.0 million notional amount of interest rate floors, which resulted in a net gain of $8.4 million, which is being recognized over the weighted average remaining term of 4.1 years. The sale of the floors secured the benefit of lower interest rates at the time of the sale.

Average interest bearing liabilities decreased $7.5 million or 2.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the same period in ~~2018~~2019, primarily due to ~~an increase~~a decrease in interest bearing deposits ~~between periods, and~~offset by an increase in FHLB advances and other borrowings. The average annualized rate on total interest bearing liabilities increased to ~~2.08%~~2.62% for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020, compared to ~~1.09%~~2.08% for the same period in ~~2018~~.

~~For the nine months ended September 30,~~ 2019, the net interest spread was 1.93% and the net interest margin was 3.64% compared to 2.52% and 3.45%, respectively, for the comparable period in 2018. The decrease in the net interest spread in the nine months ended September 30, 2019~~was~~ primarily due to the callable brokered certificates of deposits associated with our hedging ~~strategy~~strategy. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company called the remaining balance of the callable brokered certificates of deposit, which resulted in the recognition of $3.4 million of premium amortization in interest expense. The accelerated impact of premium expense on brokered certificates of deposit was partially offset by lower rates which resulted from calling and reissuing in prior periods.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the net interest spread was 0.86% and the net interest margin was 3.07%, compared to 1.93% and 3.64%, respectively, for the comparable period in 2019. The decrease in the net interest spread and net interest margin in the nine months ended September 30, 2020.was primarily due to the impact of lower federal funds rates and LIBOR on our interest earning assets and $3.4 million of premium expense associated with calling our brokered certificates of deposit, partially offset by the combined effects associated with the hedging strategy, which included the impacts of calling and reissuing a portion of the brokered callable certificates of deposit, along with the benefit derived from the interest rate floors.

Provision for Loan Losses

The provision for loan losses is a charge ~~or reversal~~ to income to bring our allowance for loan losses to a level deemed appropriate by management. For a description of the factors considered by our management in determining the allowance for loan losses see “—Financial Condition—Allowance for Loan Losses”.

We recorded no additional provision for loan losses and a reversal of $0.9 million ~~and no provision for loan losses~~ for the three months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. We recorded ~~a reversal of $0.4 million and~~ a provision for loan losses ~~$0.1~~of $0.6 million and a reversal of $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. The allowance for loan losses to total gross loans held-for-investment was 0.91% at September 30, 2020, compared to 0.89% at September 30, ~~2019 compared to 1.21% at~~2019. The provision for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2018. The reversal~~2020 was based on modest increases in loans held-for-investment, our historically strong credit quality and minimal loan charge-offs, and the loan-to-value ratios in the low- to mid-50% range in our commercial, multi-family and one-to-four family residential real estate held-for-investment loan portfolios as of September 30, 2020. Although there is significant uncertainty in the current economic environment due to ~~improvements in qualitative factors related~~the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, we believe the relatively low to moderate loan-to-value ratios, along with only modest exposure to the retail and hospitality sectors, provides a lower probability of loss in the event of defaults in our loan portfolio. We will continue to monitor trends in its portfolio ~~and the continued low charge-off rates.~~segments for any known or probable adverse conditions.

Noninterest Income

The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest income:

NONINTEREST INCOME


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		% Increase/ (Decrease)		2019		2018		% Increase/ (Decrease)		2020			2019			% Increase/ (Decrease)		2020		2019			% Increase/ (Decrease)

	(Dollars in thousands)												(Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest income:
Mortgage warehouse fee income	$	373	$	393	(5.1	)%	$	1,085	$	1,152	(5.8	)%	$	758		$	373		103.2	%	$	1,590	$	1,085		46.5	%
Service fees related to off-balance sheet deposits	283		573		(50.6	)%	1,454		1,683		(13.6	)%	1			283			(99.6	)%	78		1,454			(94.6	)%
Deposit related fees	1,657		688		140.8	%	3,815		1,655		130.5	%	3,293			1,657			98.7	%	7,497		3,815			96.5	%
Gain on sale of loans	248		416		(40.4	)%	593		699		(15.2	)%
(Loss) gain on sale of securities, net													—			(16		)	N/M		3,753		(16		)	N/M
(Loss) gain on sale of loans, net													(96		)	248			(138.7	)%	354		593			(40.3	)%
Gain on sale of branch, net	—		—		—		5,509		—		N/M		—			—			—		—		5,509			N/M
Gain on extinguishment of debt													—			—			—		925		—			N/M
Other income	38		114		(66.7	)%	168		383		(56.1	)%	8			54			(85.2	)%	132		184			(28.3	)%
Total noninterest income	$	2,599	$	2,184	19.0	%	$	12,624	$	5,572	126.6	%	$	3,964		$	2,599		52.5	%	$	14,329	$	12,624		13.5	%

________________________

N/M—Not meaningful

Noninterest income increased $1.4 million or 52.5% for the three months ended September 30, ~~2019 was $2.6 million, an increase of $0.4 million or 19.0%~~2020, compared to ~~noninterest income of $2.2 million for~~ the three months ended September 30, ~~2018. The~~2019. This increase was primarily due ~~to an increase of $1.0~~a $1.6 million or ~~140.8%,~~98.7% increase in deposit related ~~fees. The~~fees and a $0.4 million or 103.2% increase ~~was~~in mortgage warehouse fee income, partially offset by ~~decreases~~a $0.3 million decrease in ~~service fees related to off-balance sheet deposits,~~net gain on sale of loans and ~~other income. Deposit related fees increased primarily due to increases in transactional volume for cash management, SEN related feesand foreign exchange fee income associated with our digital currency initiative.~~

Noninterest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $12.6 million, an increase of $7.1 million or 126.6% compared to noninterest income of $5.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. This increase was

~~primarily due to~~ a ~~$5.5 million gain on sale of branch and a $2.2 million increase in deposit related fees, partially offset by a $0.2~~$0.3 million decrease in service fees related to off-balance sheet deposits. ~~To further our~~Deposit related fees from digital currency ~~initiative as~~customers increased $1.7 million or 106.1% to $3.3 million compared to $1.6 million for the ~~core~~three months ended September 30, 2019, due to both an increase in the number of ~~our strategy,~~digital currency customers and the ~~Bank completed~~number of transactions.

Noninterest income increased $1.7 million or 13.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This increase was primarily due to the $3.8 million gain on sale of ~~its San Marcos branch~~securities, an increase of $3.7 million in deposit related fees, a $0.9 million gain on extinguishment of debt, and ~~business loan portfolio~~a $0.5 million increase in mortgage warehouse fee income, offset by a $1.4 million decrease in service fees related to ~~another bank in March 2019. This transaction generated~~off-balance sheet deposits. In addition, noninterest income for the 2019 period included a pre-tax gain on sale of $5.5 million ~~reduced total loans by $115.4 million~~for our San Marcos branch and ~~total deposits by $74.5 million, and resulted~~business loan portfolio that was completed in ~~twelve former employees being hired by the acquiring bank.~~March 2019. The ~~$2.2~~$3.7 million increase in deposit related fees was primarily due to increases in cash management, foreign exchange, and SEN related fees associated with our digital currency initiative. InDeposit related fees from digital currency customers for the ~~fourth quarter~~nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased $3.8 million, or 106.6%, to $7.3 million compared to $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company initiated and settled a $64.0 million FHLB five-year term advance. Due to an increase in FHLB advance rates after settlement, the Company repaid the advance and recorded a gain of ~~2018 we began working with correspondent banking partners, including~~$0.9 million. The decline in service fees related to off-balance sheet deposits was due to a ~~leading global investment bank,~~$118.1 million decline in average off-balance sheet deposit balances from $154.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, to ~~provide competitive foreign exchange alternatives to our clients.~~$36.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and a decline in the interest rate spread on these balances.

Noninterest Expense

The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest expense:

NONINTEREST EXPENSE


	Three Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018			% Increase/ (Decrease)		2019		2018		% Increase/ (Decrease)		2020		2019		% Increase/ (Decrease)		2020		2019		% Increase/ (Decrease)

	(Dollars in thousands)													(Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	$	8,277	$	7,259		14.0	%	$	25,124	$	21,335	17.8	%	$	8,899	$	8,277	7.5	%	$	26,856	$	25,124	6.9	%
Occupancy and equipment	892		742			20.2	%	2,777		2,251		23.4	%	845		892		(5.3	)%	2,646		2,777		(4.7	)%
Communications and data processing	1,298		703			84.6	%	3,458		2,149		60.9	%	1,389		1,298		7.0	%	3,963		3,458		14.6	%
Professional services	889		1,507			(41.0	)%	3,407		3,918		(13.0	)%	1,207		889		35.8	%	3,297		3,407		(3.2	)%
Federal deposit insurance	39		214			(81.8	)%	382		1,078		(64.6	)%	209		39		435.9	%	514		382		34.6	%
Correspondent bank charges	288		240			20.0	%	868		914		(5.0	)%	403		288		39.9	%	1,123		868		29.4	%
Other loan expense	47		57			(17.5	)%	290		198		46.5	%	60		47		27.7	%	281		290		(3.1	)%
Other real estate owned expense	75		(10		)	850.0	%	80		42		90.5	%	23		75		(69.3	)%	23		80		(71.3	)%
Other general and administrative	806		705			14.3	%	2,432		2,461		(1.2	)%	1,098		806		36.2	%	3,277		2,432		34.7	%
Total noninterest expense	$	12,611	$	11,417		10.5	%	$	38,818	$	34,346	13.0	%	$	14,133	$	12,611	12.1	%	$	41,980	$	38,818	8.1	%

Noninterest expense increased ~~$1.2~~$1.5 million or ~~10.5%~~12.1% for the three months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, ~~2018~~2019, primarily due to increases in salaries and employee benefits, ~~occupancy and equipment and communications and data processing expense, offset by decreases in~~ professional services and ~~federal deposit insurance~~other general and administrative expense. ~~Salaries~~The increase of $0.6 million, or 7.5% in salaries and employee benefits ~~increased by $1.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018~~was primarily due to ~~an increase~~increases in ~~average~~ cost per full-time equivalent ~~employees, with significant increases in the Bank’s average full-time equivalent employees in project management and operations to support the expansion~~employee including an increase of our technology driven platform, partially offset by a reduction in personnel as a result of the sale of the Bank’s San Marcos branch and business loan operations. Communications and data processing increased by $0.6$0.2 million in ~~the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018~~stock-based compensation expense. Professional services increased $0.3 million or 35.8% due to ~~enhancements to our IT infrastructure~~increased audit related expense. Other general and ~~expansion projects to support our digital currency initiative. Professional services decreased by $0.6~~administrative expense increased $0.3 million ~~in the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018~~or 36.2% due to ~~decreased consulting and legal expense.~~increases for insurance.

Noninterest expense increased ~~$4.5~~$3.2 million or ~~13.0%~~8.1% for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2018~~2019, primarily due to increases in salaries and employee benefits, ~~occupancy and~~ communications and data processing ~~expense, partially offset by decreases in professional services~~ and ~~federal deposit insurance.~~other general and administrative expense. The increase of ~~$3.8~~$1.7 million or ~~17.8%~~6.9% in salaries and employee benefits was primarily due to a moderate increase in cost per full-time equivalent employee including an increase of $0.6 million in average full-time equivalent employees with significant increases in the Bank’s average full-time equivalent employees in project management and operations, partially offset by a reduction in personnel as a result of the sale of the Bank’s San Marcos branch and business loan operations. Occupancy and equipment increased $0.5 million or 23.4% primarily due to an increase in leased space for the corporate headquarters partially offset by the sale of the San Marcos branch.stock-based compensation expense. Communications and data processing increased ~~$1.3~~$0.5 million or ~~60.9%~~14.6% primarily due to ~~updating our IT infrastructure~~amortization of previously capitalized foreign currency and ~~expansion projects~~payments platform enhancements and additional expenses related to ~~support our digital currency initiative.~~monitoring, data and security software. We continue to invest in scalable technology, and ~~recently~~are committed to ~~expand~~expanding our banking platform with a cloud-based API-enabled ~~payment~~payments hub to complement our API-enabled SEN. Alongside the implementation of the Bank’s payments hub, the Bank is implementing a customer-facing foreign exchange platform. While we continue to invest in projects to strengthen our ability to operate efficientlyOther general and ~~effectively while leveraging existing and new technology, professional service fees have decreased by $0.5~~administrative expense increased $0.8 million or ~~13.0%~~34.7% due to ~~decreased consulting expense. The decrease of $0.7 million or~~

~~64.6% in federal deposit insurance payments was due to an FDIC assessment credit as well as a reduction in the multiplier based on significant asset growth~~increases for ~~the prior fiscal year relative to the current comparable period.~~insurance.

Income Tax Expense

The amount of income tax expense we incur is influenced by the amounts of our pre-tax income, and other nondeductible expenses. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected at current income tax rates in effect for the period in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, such as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

Income tax expense was $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $2.6 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2019 compared to $2.5 million for three nine months ended September 30, 2018.~~2019. Our effective tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were 19.4% and ~~2018 were~~ 28.3% ~~and 28.1%~~, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2020 includes tax-exempt income earned on certain municipal bonds and discrete items related to the return to provision and excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation adjustments, resulting in a decrease in the effective tax rate for the period.

Income tax expense was $5.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $8.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019 compared to $5.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase was primarily related to increased pre-tax income.~~2019. Our effective tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were 23.8% and ~~2018 were~~ 28.1% ~~and 27.9%~~, respectively. The ~~increase~~decrease in our effective tax rate was primarily related to ~~an increase in our state blended tax rate and non-deductible tax treatment of~~tax-exempt income earned on certain ~~noninterest expenses.~~municipal bonds.

Financial Condition

As of September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, our total assets increased to ~~$2.1~~$2.6 billion compared to ~~$2.0~~$2.1 billion as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Shareholders’ equity increased ~~$39.4~~$52.7 million, or ~~20.6%~~22.8%, to ~~$230.6~~$283.8 million at September 30, ~~2019~~2020, compared to ~~$191.2~~$231.0 million at December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. A summary of the individual components driving the changes in total assets, total liabilities and shareholders' equity is ~~discussed~~set forth below.

Interest Earning Deposits in Other Banks

Interest earning deposits in other banks ~~decreased~~increased from ~~$670.2~~$132.0 million at December 31, ~~2018~~2019 to ~~$156.2~~$182.3 million at September 30, 2020. The majority of the Company’s interest earning deposits in other banks is cash held at the Federal Reserve Bank earning 0.10% at September 30, 2020, compared to 1.55% at December 31, 2019. The ~~decrease was~~increase in interest earning deposits is due to ~~lower balances with the FRB~~growth in total deposits exceeding growth in total loans and ~~purchases of securities particularly during the first half of 2019 as the Bank implemented its hedging strategy, discussed below.~~securities.

Securities

We use our securities portfolio to provide a source of liquidity, provide an appropriate return on funds invested, manage interest rate risk, meet collateral requirements and meet regulatory capital ~~requirements and as part of our recently implemented hedging strategy.~~requirements.

Management classifies investment securities as either held-to-maturity or available-for-sale based on our intentions and the Company’s ability to hold such securities until maturity. In determining such classifications, securities that management has the positive intent and the Company has the ability to hold until maturity are classified as held to maturity and carried at amortized cost. All other securities are designated as available-for-sale and carried at estimated fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in shareholders’ equity on an after-tax basis. For the years presented, ~~substantially~~ all securities were classified as available-for-sale.

Our securities available-for-sale increased ~~$552.7~~$46.4 million, or ~~154.8%~~5.2%, from ~~$357.2~~$897.8 million at December 31, ~~2018~~2019 to ~~$909.9~~$944.2 million at September 30, ~~2019.~~2020. To supplement interest income earned on our loan portfolio, we invest in high quality mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, municipal bonds and asset backed securities. Our securities portfolio has grown substantially due to the implementation of a hedging strategy and utilizing cash to purchase high quality available-for-sale securities. In March 2019, the Bank implemented a hedging strategy that includes purchases of interest rate floors and commercial mortgage-backed securities, primarily funded by callable brokered certificates of deposit. We entered into repurchase agreements to temporarily fund the purchase of securities while waiting for executed callable brokered certificates of deposit to settle. This hedging strategy is intended to reduce the Bank’s exposure to a decline in earnings in a declining interest rate environment with a minimal impact on current earnings. At September 30, 2019, we purchased $400.0 million in notional amount of interest rate floors, $350.4 million in fixed-rate commercial mortgage-backed securities and issued $325.0 million of callable brokered certificates of deposit related to this hedging strategy. The callable brokered certificates of deposit had an unamortized premium of $2.3 million and have an average life of 4.2 year as of September 30, 2019. These certificates of deposit are initially callable six months after issuance and monthly thereafter. The initial call dates for all callable brokered certificates of deposit are from October 2019 through January 2020. At September 30, 2019, we held a total of $196.0 million in callable certificates of deposit and $1.3 million of related unamortized premium, which was subsequently called after the end of the third quarter. In addition, we purchased $214.8 million in adjustable rate residential mortgage-backed securities duringDuring the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019 and~~2020, the Company sold ~~$30.0~~$216.4 million of ~~residential~~fixed-rate commercial mortgage-backed securities and realized a gain on sale of $3.8 million. These securities were originally purchased as part of the hedging strategy in 2019. The proceeds from these sales were reinvested in $249.6 million of highly rated fixed-rate tax-exempt municipal bonds at higher tax-equivalent yields than the commercial ~~government agency collateralized mortgage obligations.~~

mortgage-backed securities that were sold. All municipal bonds purchased are general obligation, revenue or essential purpose bonds that have call dates or maturities in less than 11 years. The municipal bonds that were purchased have similar average lives as the commercial mortgage-backed securities that were sold. Such fixed-rate investments help mitigate a decline in interest income in a declining rate environment and provide higher returns compared to lower yielding cash and cash alternatives. The Company also purchased $15.8 million of highly rated fixed-rate taxable municipal bonds and entered into a series of interest rate swaps, which are accounted for as fair value hedges, to convert the bonds from fixed to floating rate yields. In addition, the Company purchased $13.2 million of fixed-rate commercial mortgage-backed securities in March 2020.

The following tables summarize the contractual maturities and weighted-average yields of investment securities at September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and the amortized cost and carrying value of those securities as of the indicated dates.

SECURITIES


	One Year or Less				More Than One Year Through Five Years			More Than Five Years Through 10 Years			More Than 10 Years				Total						One Year or Less			More Than One Year Through Five Years			More Than Five Years Through 10 Years				More Than 10 Years				Total
	Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield	Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield	Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Weighted Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield	Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield	Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Weighted Average Yield

	(Dollars in thousands)																				(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2019
September 30, 2020
Securities Available-for-Sale:
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities	$	5	2.25	%	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	778	4.28	%	$	783	$	816	2.95	%	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	—		$	665	3.39	%	$	665	$	681	3.39	%
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	—		—		—		—	—		—	246,689		2.67	%	246,689		246,323		2.67	%	—		—	—		—	239		1.33	%	211,814		0.90	%	212,053		212,247		0.90	%
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	—		—		—		—	—		—	27,385		3.86	%	27,385		27,741		3.86	%	—		—	—		—	—		—		21,160		2.63	%	21,160		21,205		2.63	%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities:
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	—		—		—		—	—		—	363,782		3.14	%	363,782		380,780		3.14	%	—		—	—		—	—		—		164,435		3.21	%	164,435		182,752		3.21	%
Municipal bonds:
Tax-exempt																					—		—	—		—	13,877		3.15	%	232,971		2.76	%	246,848		266,007		2.78	%
Taxable																					—		—	—		—	—		—		15,613		2.72	%	15,613		16,478		2.72	%
Asset backed securities:
Government sponsored student loan pools	—		—		—		—	—		—	258,623		2.86	%	258,623		254,257		2.86	%	—		—	—		—	—		—		251,999		0.82	%	251,999		244,791		0.82	%
Total securities	$	5	2.25	%	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	897,257	2.95	%	$	897,262	$	909,917	2.95	%	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	14,116	3.12	%	$	898,657	1.86	%	$	912,773	$	944,161	1.88	%


		September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
		Total				Total				September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value

		(Dollars in thousands)								(Dollars in thousands)
Securities Available-for-Sale:
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities		$	783	$	816	$	932	$	957	$	665	$	681	$	769	$	801
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation		246,689		246,323		50,888		50,300		212,053		212,247		242,203		241,918
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation		27,385		27,741		23,988		23,945		21,160		21,205		26,346		26,500
Commercial mortgage-backed securities:	Commercial mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation		—		—		23,817		22,752
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation		363,782		380,780		—		—		164,435		182,752		364,719		377,016
Municipal bonds:
Tax-exempt										246,848		266,007		—		—
Taxable										15,613		16,478		—		—
Asset backed securities:
Government sponsored student loan pools		258,623		254,257		260,050		259,224		251,999		244,791		258,022		251,531
Securities Held-to-Maturity:
Collateralized mortgage obligations		—		—		73		72
Total securities		$	897,262	$	909,917	$	359,748	$	357,250	$	912,773	$	944,161	$	892,059	$	897,766

Loan Portfolio

Our primary source of income is derived from interest earned on loans. Our loan portfolio consists primarily of loans secured by real estate and mortgage warehouse ~~loans, as well as commercial and industrial~~ loans. Our loan customers primarily consist of small- to medium-sized businesses, professionals, real estate investors, small residential builders and individuals. Our owner-occupied and investment commercial real estate loans, multi-family loans and commercial and industrial loans provide us with higher risk-adjusted returns, relatively shorter maturities and more sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations, and are complemented by our relatively lower risk residential real estate loans to individuals. Our commercial real estate, multi-family real estate, ~~construction~~ and ~~commercial and industrial lending~~construction activities are ~~principally~~primarily directed to our market area of Southern California. Our one-to-four family residential loans and warehouse loans are sourced throughout the United States.

In the first quarter of 2020, we began offering a new pilot product called SEN Leverage, which allows Silvergate customers to obtain U.S. dollar loans collateralized by bitcoin held at select digital currency exchanges or custodians that are also Silvergate customers. The outstanding balance of SEN Leverage loans was $22.4 million as of September 30, 2020 and is included in the commercial and industrial loan segment.

The following table summarizes our loan portfolio by loan segment as of the dates indicated:

COMPOSITION OF LOAN PORTFOLIO


	September 30, 2019					December 31, 2018					September 30, 2020					December 31, 2019
	Amount			Percent		Amount			Percent		Amount			Percent		Amount			Percent

	(Dollars in thousands)										(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate:
One-to-four family	$	212,440		30.6	%	$	190,885		32.0	%	$	209,040		28.3	%	$	193,367		28.9	%
Multi-family	77,901			11.2	%	40,584			6.8	%	72,714			9.8	%	81,233			12.2	%
Commercial	322,733			46.4	%	309,655			51.9	%	316,653			42.8	%	331,052			49.6	%
Construction	3,986			0.6	%	3,847			0.6	%	13,854			1.9	%	7,213			1.1	%
Commercial and industrial	14,563			2.1	%	8,586			1.4	%	25,951			3.5	%	14,440			2.1	%
Consumer and other	76			0.0	%	150			0.0	%	5,559			0.8	%	122			0.0	%
Reverse mortgage	1,629			0.2	%	1,742			0.3	%	1,322			0.2	%	1,415			0.2	%
Mortgage warehouse	61,856			8.9	%	41,586			7.0	%	94,684			12.7	%	39,247			5.9	%
Total gross loans held-for-investment	695,184			100.0	%	597,035			100.0	%	739,777			100.0	%	668,089			100.0	%
Deferred fees, net	2,997					2,469					2,843					2,724
Total loans held-for-investment	698,181					599,504					742,620					670,813
Allowance for loan losses	(6,191		)			(6,723		)			(6,763		)			(6,191		)
Total net loans held-for-investment	$	691,990				$	592,781				$	735,857				$	664,622
Loans held-for-sale	$	311,410				$	350,636				$	665,842				$	375,922

The repayment of loans is a source of additional liquidity for us. The following table details maturities and sensitivity to interest rate changes for our ~~loan portfolio~~loans held-for-investment at September 30, ~~2019:~~2020:

LOAN MATURITY AND SENSITIVITY TO CHANGES IN INTEREST RATES


	September 30, 2019								September 30, 2020
	Due in One Year or Less		Due in One to Five Years		Due After Five Years		Total		Due in One Year or Less		Due in One to Five Years		Due After Five Years		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)								(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate:
One-to-four family	$	7	$	835	$	211,598	$	212,440	$	11	$	370	$	208,659	$	209,040
Multi-family	1,255		31,097		45,549		77,901		414		33,452		38,848		72,714
Commercial	38,265		128,332		156,136		322,733		33,779		144,444		138,430		316,653
Construction	3,870		116		—		3,986		9,647		4,207		—		13,854
Commercial and industrial	12,515		2,048		—		14,563		23,731		2,220		—		25,951
Consumer and other	76		—		—		76		5,559		—		—		5,559
Reverse mortgage	—		—		1,629		1,629		—		—		1,322		1,322
Mortgage warehouse	61,856		—		—		61,856		94,684		—		—		94,684
Total gross loans held-for-investment	$	117,844	$	162,428	$	414,912	$	695,184	$	167,825	$	184,693	$	387,259	$	739,777
Amounts with fixed rates	$	87,638	$	129,680	$	83,893	$	301,211	$	133,618	$	169,930	$	70,835	$	374,383
Amounts with floating rates	$	30,206	$	32,748	$	331,019	$	393,973	$	34,207	$	14,763	$	316,424	$	365,394

Nonperforming Assets

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether such loans are actually past due. In general, we place loans on nonaccrual status when they become 90 days past due. We also place loans on nonaccrual status if they are less than 90 days past due if the collection of principal or interest is in doubt. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed from income.

Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments received exceed principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are, in management’s opinion, reasonably assured. Any loan which the Bank deems to be uncollectible, in whole or in part, is charged off to the extent of the anticipated loss. Loans that are past due for 180 days or more are charged off unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection.

We believe our disciplined lending approach and focused management of nonperforming assets has resulted in sound asset quality and timely resolution of problem assets. We have several procedures in place to assist us in maintaining the overall quality of our loan portfolio. We have established underwriting guidelines to be followed by our ~~bankers,~~loan officers, and we also monitor our delinquency levels for any negative or adverse trends. There can be no assurance, however, that our loan portfolio will not become subject to increasing pressures from deteriorating borrower credit due to general economic conditions.

Nonperforming loans decreased to ~~$6.7~~$4.1 million, or ~~0.96%~~0.56% of total loans, at September 30, ~~2019~~2020, compared to ~~$8.3~~$5.9 million, or ~~1.39%~~0.88% of total loans, at December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The decrease in nonperforming loans during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 was due to principal repayments on nonperforming commercial and industrial loans ~~offset partially by an increase in~~and payoffs on one-to-four family ~~nonaccrual~~real estate loans.

Other real estate owned ~~increased to $81,000~~was $27,000 as of September 30, ~~2019~~2020, compared to ~~$31,000~~$0.1 million at December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

Total nonperforming assets were ~~$6.8~~$4.1 million and ~~$8.3~~$6.0 million at September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, or ~~0.32%~~0.16% and ~~0.42%~~0.28%, respectively, of total assets.

The following table presents information regarding nonperforming assets at the dates indicated:

NONPERFORMING ASSETS


	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018			September 30, 2020			December 31, 2019

	(Dollars in thousands)						(Dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans
Real estate:
One-to-four family	$	4,161		$	3,062		$	3,120		$	3,963
Commercial	—			422
Commercial and industrial	1,473			3,596			123			1,098
Reverse mortgage	1,073			1,223			864			848
Accruing loans 90 or more days past due	—			—			—			—
Total gross nonperforming loans	6,707			8,303			4,107			5,909
Other real estate owned, net	81			31			27			128
Total nonperforming assets	$	6,788		$	8,334		$	4,134		$	6,037
Ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans⁽¹⁾	0.96		%	1.39		%	0.56		%	0.88		%
Ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets	0.32		%	0.42		%	0.16		%	0.28		%

Troubled debt restructurings
Restructured loans-nonaccrual	$	1,209		$	301		$	1,025		$	1,202
Restructured loans-accruing	631			213			547			589
Total troubled debt restructurings	$	1,840		$	514		$	1,572		$	1,791

________________________

~~(1)Total loans exclude loans held-for-sale at each of the dates presented.~~


(1)	Total loans exclude loans held-for-sale at each of the dates presented.

Loans Grading

From a credit risk standpoint, we grade watchlist and problem loans into one of five categories: pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss. The classifications of loans reflect a judgment about the risks of default and loss associated with the loan. We review the ratings on credits regularly. Ratings are adjusted regularly to reflect the degree of risk and loss that our management believes to be appropriate for each credit. Our methodology is structured so that specific reserve allocations are increased in accordance with deterioration in credit quality (and a corresponding increase in risk and loss) or decreased in accordance with improvement in credit quality (and a corresponding decrease in risk and loss). The Bank uses the following definitions for watch list risk ratings:


•	Pass. Loans in all classes that are not adversely rated, are contractually current as to principal and interest, and are otherwise in compliance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Management believes that there is a low likelihood of loss related to those loans that are considered pass.


•	Special Mention. A special mention loan has potential weaknesses deserving of management’s close attention. If uncorrected, such weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in our credit position at some future date.


•	Substandard. A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current financial condition and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected.


•	Doubtful. A doubtful loan has all weaknesses inherent in one classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.


•	Loss. Credits rated as loss are charged-off. We have no expectation of the recovery of any payments in respect of credits rated as loss.

The following table presents the loan balances by segment as well as risk rating. No assets were classified as loss during the periods presented.

LOAN CLASSIFICATION


	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total		Credit Risk Grades
											Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2019
											(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2020
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	$	208,280	$	—	$	4,160	$	—	$	212,440	$	205,920	$	—	$	3,120	$	—	$	209,040
Multi-family	77,901		—		—		—		77,901		72,714		—		—		—		72,714
Commercial	322,733		—		—		—		322,733		302,522		5,823		8,308		—		316,653
Construction	3,986		—		—		—		3,986		13,854		—		—		—		13,854
Commercial and industrial	10,657		143		3,763		—		14,563		24,653		—		1,298		—		25,951
Consumer and other	76		—		—		—		76		5,559		—		—		—		5,559
Reverse mortgage	376		179		1,074		—		1,629		458		—		864		—		1,322
Mortgage warehouse	61,856		—		—		—		61,856		94,684		—		—		—		94,684
Total gross loans held-for-investment	$	685,865	$	322	$	8,997	$	—	$	695,184	$	720,364	$	5,823	$	13,590	$	—	$	739,777


	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total		Credit Risk Grades
											Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2018
											(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2019
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	$	187,823	$	—	$	3,062	$	—	$	190,885	$	189,405	$	—	$	3,962	$	—	$	193,367
Multi-family	40,584		—		—		—		40,584		81,233		—		—		—		81,233
Commercial	309,233		—		422		—		309,655		322,671		8,381		—		—		331,052
Construction	3,847		—		—		—		3,847		7,213		—		—		—		7,213
Commercial and industrial	4,630		360		3,596		—		8,586		11,726		—		2,714		—		14,440
Consumer and other	150		—		—		—		150		122		—		—		—		122
Reverse mortgage	214		305		1,223		—		1,742		435		132		848		—		1,415
Mortgage warehouse	41,586		—		—		—		41,586		39,247		—		—		—		39,247
Total gross loans held-for-investment	$	588,067	$	665	$	8,303	$	—	$	597,035	$	652,052	$	8,513	$	7,524	$	—	$	668,089

Loan Reviews and Problem Loan ~~Management.~~Management

Our credit administration staff conducts meetings at least ~~eight~~four times a year to review asset quality and loan delinquencies. The Bank’s Lending and Collection Policy requires that we perform annual reviews of every loan of ~~$250,000~~$500,000 or more not rated special mention or adversely classified. Individual loan reviews encompass a loan’s payment status and history,

current and projected paying capacity of the borrower and/or guarantor(s), current condition and estimated value of any collateral, sufficiency of credit and collateral documentation, and compliance with Bank and regulatory lending standards. Loan reviewers assign an overall loan risk rating from one of the Bank’s loan rating categories and prepare a written report summarizing the ~~review, with any work papers related to the review retained.~~review.

Once a loan is identified as a problem loan or a loan requiring a workout, the Bank makes an evaluation and develops a plan for handling the loan. In developing such a plan, management reviews all relevant information from the loan file and any loan review reports. We have a conversation with the borrower and update current and projected financial information (including borrower global cash flows when possible) and collateral valuation estimates. Following analysis of all available relevant information, management adopts an action plan from the following alternatives: (a) continuation of loan collection efforts on their existing terms, (b) a restructure of the loan’s terms, (c) a sale of the loan, (d) a charge off or partial charge off, (e) foreclosure on pledged collateral, or (f) acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure.

Impaired Loans and TDRs. Impaired loans also include certain loans that have been modified as ~~troubled debt restructurings, or~~ TDRs. As of September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the Company held ~~nine~~seven loans ~~amounting to $1.8~~totaling $1.6 million ~~which~~that were TDRs, compared to ~~seven~~nine loans ~~amounting~~totaling to ~~$0.5~~$1.8 million at December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

A loan is identified as a TDR when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and, for economic or legal reasons related to these difficulties, the Company grants a concession to the borrower in the restructuring that it would not otherwise consider. The Company has granted a concession when, as a result of the restructuring, it does not expect to collect all amounts due or within the time periods originally due under the original contract, including one or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan; an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; or a temporary forbearance with regard to the payment of principal or interest. All TDRs are reviewed for potential impairment. Generally, a nonaccrual loan that is restructured remains on nonaccrual status for a minimum period of six months to demonstrate that the borrower can perform under the restructured terms. If the borrower’s performance under the new terms is not reasonably assured, the loan remains classified as a nonaccrual loan. Loans classified as TDRs are reported as impaired loans.

Allowance for Loan Losses

We maintain an allowance for loan losses that represents management’s best estimate of the loan losses and risks inherent in our loan portfolio. The amount of the allowance for loan losses should not be interpreted as an indication that charge-offs in future periods will necessarily occur in those amounts, or at all. In determining the allowance for loan losses, we estimate losses on specific loans, or groups of loans, where the probable loss can be identified and reasonably determined. The balance of the allowance for loan losses is based on internally assigned risk classifications of loans, historical loan loss rates, changes in the nature of our loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, industry concentrations, delinquency trends, current economic factors and the estimated impact of current economic conditions on certain historical loan loss rates.

In reviewing our loan portfolio, we consider risk elements attributable to particular loan types or categories in assessing the quality of individual loans. Some of the risk elements we consider include:

For residential mortgage loans, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan, including a consideration of the debt-to-income ratio and employment and income stability, the loan-to-value ratio, and the age, condition and marketability of the collateral;

For commercial and multi-family mortgage loans, the debt service coverage ratio, operating results of the owner in the case of owner-occupied properties, the loan-to-value ratio, the age and condition of the collateral and the volatility of income, property value and future operating results typical of properties of that type;

For construction loans, the perceived feasibility of the project including the ability to sell improvements constructed for resale, the quality and nature of contracts for presale, if any, experience and ability of the builder, loan-to-cost ratio and loan-to-value ratio;

For commercial and industrial loans, the debt service coverage ratio (income from the business exceeding operating expenses compared to loan repayment requirements), the operating results of the commercial or professional enterprise, the borrower’s business, professional and financial ability and expertise, the specific risks and volatility of income and operating results typical for businesses in that category and the value, nature and marketability of ~~collateral;~~collateral, risks related to new product offerings such as loans secured by bitcoin and the volatility of this particular collateral type; and

For mortgage warehouse loans held-for-investment, despite our negligible loss history, we provide a loss allowance factor subject to quarterly adjustment. Mortgage warehouse loans held-for-sale are not subject to any loan loss ~~allowance.~~

allowance and are recorded at lower of cost or fair market value.

The following table presents a summary of changes in the allowance for loan losses for the periods and dates indicated:

ANALYSIS OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2020			2019

	(Dollars in thousands)						(Dollars in thousands)
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$	6,723		$	8,165		$	6,191		$	6,723
Charge-offs:
Real estate:
One-to-four family	93			6			17			93
Total charge-offs	93			6			17			93
Recoveries:
Commercial and industrial	—			(80		)
Reverse mortgage	—			(1		)
Total recoveries	—			(81		)	—			—
Net charge-offs (recoveries)	93			(75		)
(Reversal of) provision for loan losses	(439		)	148
Net charge-offs							17			93
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses							589			(439		)
Allowance for loan losses at period end	$	6,191		$	8,388		$	6,763		$	6,191

Total gross loans outstanding (end of period)	$	695,184		$	694,585		$	739,777		$	695,184
Average loans outstanding	$	655,790		$	694,272		$	717,790		$	655,790

Allowance for loan losses to period end loans	0.89		%	1.21		%	0.91		%	0.89		%
Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans	0.01		%	(0.01		)%
Net charge-offs to average loans							0.00		%	0.01		%

Our allowance for loan losses at September 30, ~~2019~~2020 and September 30, ~~2018~~2019 was ~~$6.2~~$6.8 million and ~~$8.4~~$6.2 million, respectively, or ~~0.89%~~0.91% and ~~1.21%~~0.89% of loans held-for-investment for each respective period-end. The increase in the ratio of the allowance for loan losses to gross loans held-for-investment from September 30, 2019 was due to the increase in balance of our loan portfolio.

We had ~~$93,000~~$17,000 in charge-offs and no recoveries for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020, compared to charge-offs of ~~$6,000~~$93,000 and ~~$81,000 of~~no recoveries for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

Although we believe that we have established our allowance for loan losses in accordance with GAAP and that the allowance for loan losses was adequate to provide for known and inherent losses in the portfolio at all times shown above, future provisions for loan losses will be subject to ongoing evaluations of the risks in our loan portfolio.

The following table shows the allocation of the allowance for loan losses among loan categories and certain other information as of the dates indicated. The total allowance is available to absorb losses from any loan category.

ALLOCATION OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES


	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018				September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Amount		Percent⁽¹⁾		Amount		Percent⁽¹⁾		Amount		Percent⁽¹⁾		Amount		Percent⁽¹⁾

	(Dollars in thousands)								(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate:
One-to-four family	$	2,051	0.30	%	$	1,848	0.31	%	$	1,431	0.19	%	$	2,051	0.31	%
Multi-family	653		0.09	%	483		0.08	%	845		0.11	%	653		0.10	%
Commercial	2,791		0.40	%	3,854		0.65	%	1,929		0.26	%	2,791		0.41	%
Construction	96		0.01	%	98		0.02	%	1,327		0.18	%	96		0.01	%
Commercial and industrial	312		0.04	%	156		0.03	%	777		0.10	%	312		0.05	%
Consumer and other	1		0.00	%	1		0.00	%	—		0.00	%	1		0.00	%
Reverse mortgage	37		0.01	%	54		0.01	%	41		0.01	%	37		0.01	%
Mortgage warehouse	250		0.04	%	229		0.04	%	413		0.06	%	250		0.04	%
Total allowance for loan losses	$	6,191	0.89	%	$	6,723	1.13	%	$	6,763	0.91	%	$	6,191	0.93	%

________________________

~~(1)Loan category as a percentage of total gross loans.~~


(1)	Loan amount as a percentage of total gross loans.

Deposits

Deposits are the major source of funding for the Company. We offer a variety of deposit products including interest and noninterest bearing demand accounts, money market and savings accounts and certificates of deposit, all of which we market at competitive pricing. We generate deposits from our customers on a relationship basis and through the efforts of our commercial lending ~~officers and our business banking~~ officers. Deposits ~~remained flat at $1.8~~increased to $2.3 billion at September 30, ~~2019~~2020, compared to $1.8 billion December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Noninterest bearing deposits totaled ~~$1.4~~$2.2 billion, ~~(representing~~representing approximately ~~75.5%~~94.9% of total ~~deposits)~~deposits, at September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, compared to ~~$1.6~~$1.3 billion, ~~(representing~~representing approximately ~~88.7%~~74.0% of total ~~deposits)~~deposits, at December 31, ~~2018. Total~~2019. At September 30, 2020, deposits ~~increased~~by foreign depositors amounted to $983.4 million or 43.1% of total deposits. The increase in total deposits from the prior quarter was driven by an increase in deposits from digital currency related customers, with elevated client activity evidenced by the record volume of SEN transactions during the quarter. The increase in deposits was slightly ~~due to the issuance of $325.0~~offset by a $322.4 million decrease in our callable brokered certificates of deposit ~~associated with~~which were called during the implementation of a hedging strategy, offset by the sale of the San Marcos branch, which reduced total deposits by $74.5 million. The decrease in noninterest bearing deposits reflect changes in deposit levels of our digital currency customers. While deposits may fluctuate in the ordinary course of business, we continue to add new digital currency customers each quarter.nine months ended September 30, 2020.

The following table presents a breakdown of our digital currency customer base and the deposits held by such customers at the dates noted below:



	September 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
	Number of Customers	Total Deposits⁽¹⁾		Number of Customers	Total Deposits⁽¹⁾

	(Dollars in millions)
Digital currency exchanges	69	$	729	60	$	527
Institutional investors	599	850		509	432
Other customers	260	515		235	286
Total	928	$	2,095	804	$	1,246

________________________


(1)	Total deposits may not foot due to rounding.

September 30,
2019 December 31,
2018
Number of Customers Total Deposits Number of Customers Total Deposits

(Dollars in millions)
Digital currency exchanges 69
$ 546
37
$ 618
Institutional investors 468
504
363
577
Other customers 219
247
142
274
Total 756
$ 1,297
542
$ 1,470

~~The funding related to the success of the digital currency initiative has substantially reduced our cost of funds and allowed us to focus on retaining lower cost deposits.~~ Our cost of total deposits and our cost of funds was 0.40% and 0.46%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to 0.29% and 0.41%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019 as compared to 0.11% and 0.18%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.~~2019. The increase in the weighted average cost of deposits compared to the prior period was driven by the ~~addition~~acceleration of ~~new callable brokered certificates of deposit associated with a hedging strategy, as discussed in “Financial Condition—Securities” above. For~~$3.4 million premium amortization expense recognized during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019,~~2020 from calling the ~~hedging strategy increased the cost of deposits by 22 basis points due to the funding of the strategy with callable~~ brokered certificates of ~~deposit.~~deposits, as discussed in “—Results of Operations—Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin Analysis” above, slightly offset by lower rates on reissued brokered certificates of deposit and other interest bearing deposits.

The following table presents the average balances and average rates paid on deposits for the periods indicated:

COMPOSITION OF DEPOSITS


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019				Year Ended December 31, 2018				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020				Year Ended December 31, 2019
	Average Balance		Average Rate		Average Balance		Average Rate		Average Balance		Average Rate		Average Balance		Average Rate

	(Dollars in thousands)								(Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest bearing demand accounts	$	1,482,317	—		$	1,554,852	—		$	1,662,233	—		$	1,445,232	—
Interest bearing accounts:
Interest bearing demand accounts	48,701		0.14	%	53,627		0.14	%	46,007		0.13	%	49,052		0.14	%
Money market and savings accounts	93,028		0.83	%	146,055		0.59	%	71,284		0.57	%	90,551		0.87	%
Certificates of deposit:
Brokered certificates of deposit	145,405		2.85	%	—		—		127,713		5.65	%	187,966		3.54	%
Other	16,596		1.50	%	58,901		1.45	%	1,435		0.93	%	13,026		1.49	%
Total interest bearing deposits	303,730		1.73	%	258,583		0.69	%	246,439		3.12	%	340,595		2.26	%
Total deposits	$	1,786,047	0.29	%	$	1,813,435	0.10	%	$	1,908,672	0.40	%	$	1,785,827	0.43	%

The following table presents the maturities of our certificates of deposit as of September 30, ~~2019:~~2020:

MATURITIES OF CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT


	Three Months or Less		Over Three Through Six Months		Over Six Through Twelve Months		Over Twelve Months		Total		Three Months or Less		Over Three Through Six Months		Over Six Through Twelve Months		Over Twelve Months		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)										(Dollars in thousands)
$100,000 or more	$	353	$	310	$	360	$	752	$	1,775	$	122	$	163	$	—	$	306	$	591
Less than $100,000	116		259		147		322,964		323,486		—		69		93		211		373
Total	$	469	$	569	$	507	$	323,716	$	325,261	$	122	$	232	$	93	$	517	$	964

Borrowings

We primarily utilize short-term and long-term borrowings to supplement deposits to fund our lending and investment activities, each of which is discussed below.

FHLB Advances. The FHLB allows us to borrow up to 35% of the Bank’s assets on a blanket floating lien status collateralized by certain securities and loans. As of September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, approximately ~~$695.7 million~~$1.3 billion in real estate loans were pledged as collateral for our FHLB borrowings. We utilize these borrowings to meet liquidity needs and to fund certain fixed rate loans in our ~~portfolio as needed. As of~~portfolio. At September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, we had ~~$529.4~~$10.0 million in outstanding FHLB advances and had an additional $734.1 million in available borrowing capacity from the FHLB. ~~Our use of FHLB advances has been significantly reduced due to the inflow of noninterest bearing deposits. At September 30, 2019, we had $20.0 million in outstanding FHLB advances.~~

The following table sets forth certain information on our FHLB borrowings during the periods presented:

FHLB ADVANCES


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019			Year Ended December 31, 2018			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020			Year Ended December 31, 2019

	(Dollars in thousands)						(Dollars in thousands)
Amount outstanding at period-end	$	20,000		$	—		$	10,000		$	49,000
Weighted average interest rate at period-end	2.08		%	—			0.00		%	1.66		%
Maximum month-end balance during the period	$	20,000		$	15,000		$	125,000		$	218,000
Average balance outstanding during the period	$	10,322		$	1,274		$	124,880		$	28,205
Weighted average interest rate during the period	2.23		%	1.49		%	0.21		%	1.94		%

Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. The FRB has an available borrower in custody arrangement that allows us to borrow on a collateralized basis. The Company’s borrowing capacity under the Federal Reserve’s discount window program was ~~$7.4~~$4.6 million as of September 30, ~~2019.~~2020. Certain commercial loans are pledged under this arrangement. We maintain this

borrowing arrangement to meet liquidity needs pursuant to our contingency funding plan. No advances were outstanding under this facility as of September 30, ~~2019.~~2020.

The Company has also issued subordinated debentures ~~obtained a term loan, entered into repurchase agreements~~ and ~~purchased~~has access to borrow federal ~~funds.~~funds or lines of credit with correspondent banks. At September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, these borrowings amounted to ~~$19.8~~$15.8 million.

~~Notes Payable.~~ On January 29, 2016, the Company obtained a term loan from a commercial bank with a single principal advance of $8.0 million due to mature on January 29, 2021. Loan interest and principal is payable quarterly commencing April 2016 and accrues interest at an annual rate equal to 2.60% plus the greater of zero percent and the one-month LIBOR rate. As of September 30, 2019, the one-month LIBOR rate was 2.02%. The proceeds were used to redeem preferred stock and can be prepaid at any time. The outstanding principal at September 30, 2019 was $4.0 million. Annual principal payments on outstanding borrowings are $1.1 million in 2019, $1.1 million in 2020 and $2.6 million in 2021.

Subordinated Debentures. A trust formed by the Company issued $12.5 million of floating rate trust preferred securities in July 2001 as part of a pooled offering of such securities. The Company issued subordinated debentures to the trust in exchange for its proceeds from the offering. The debentures and related accrued interest represent substantially all the assets of the trust. The subordinated debentures bear interest at six-month LIBOR plus 375 basis points, which adjusts every six months in January and July of each year. Interest is payable semiannually. At September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the interest rate for the Company’s next scheduled payment was ~~5.94%~~4.06%, based on six-month LIBOR of ~~2.19%~~0.31%. On any January 25 or July 25 the Company may redeem the 2001 subordinated debentures at 100% of principal amount plus accrued interest. The 2001 subordinated debentures mature on July 25, 2031.

A second trust formed by the Company issued $3.0 million of trust preferred securities in January 2005 as part of a pooled offering of such securities. The Company issued subordinated debentures to the trust in exchange for its proceeds from the offering. The debentures and related accrued interest represent substantially all the assets of the trust. The subordinated debentures bear interest at three-month LIBOR plus 185 basis points, which adjusts every three months. Interest is payable quarterly. At September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the interest rate for the Company’s next scheduled payment was ~~3.97%~~2.10%, based on three-month LIBOR of ~~2.12%~~0.25%. On the 15th day of any March, June, September, or December, the Company may redeem the 2005 subordinated debentures at 100% of principal amount plus accrued interest. The 2005 subordinated debentures mature on March 15, 2035.

Other Borrowings. At September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the Company had no outstanding balance of ~~repurchase agreements or~~ federal funds purchased and had available lines of credit of ~~$32.0~~$68.0 million with other correspondent banks.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Liquidity is defined as the Bank’s capacity to meet its cash and collateral obligations at a reasonable cost. Maintaining an adequate level of liquidity depends on the Bank’s ability to meet both expected and unexpected cash flows and collateral needs efficiently without adversely affecting either daily operations or the financial condition of the Bank. Liquidity risk is the risk that we will be unable to meet our obligations as they become due because of an inability to liquidate assets or obtain adequate funding. The Bank’s obligations, and the funding sources used to meet them, depend significantly on our business mix, balance sheet structure and the cash flow profiles of our on- and off-balance sheet obligations. In managing our cash flows, management regularly confronts situations that can give rise to increased liquidity risk. These include funding mismatches, market constraints on the ability to convert assets into cash or in accessing sources of funds (i.e., market liquidity) and contingent liquidity events. Changes in economic conditions or exposure to credit, market, operation, legal and reputational risks also could affect the Bank’s liquidity risk profile and are considered in the assessment of liquidity and asset/liability management.

We maintain high levels of liquidity for our customers who operate in the digital currency industry, as these deposits are subject to potentially dramatic fluctuations due to certain factors that may be outside of our control. As a result, our investment portfolio is comprised primarily of mortgage-backed securities backed by government-sponsored entities, collateralized mortgage obligations, municipal bonds, and asset-backed securities.

Management has established a comprehensive management process for identifying, measuring, monitoring and controlling liquidity risk. Because of its critical importance to the viability of the Bank, liquidity risk management is fully integrated into our risk management processes. Critical elements of our liquidity risk management include: effective corporate governance consisting of oversight by the board of directors and active involvement by management; appropriate strategies, policies, procedures, and limits used to manage and mitigate liquidity risk; comprehensive liquidity risk measurement and monitoring systems (including assessments of the current and prospective cash flows or sources and uses of funds) that are commensurate with the complexity and business activities of the Bank; active management of intraday liquidity and collateral; an appropriately diverse mix of existing and potential future funding sources; adequate levels of highly liquid marketable securities free of legal, regulatory or operational impediments, that can be used to meet liquidity needs in stressful situations; comprehensive contingency funding plans that sufficiently address potential adverse liquidity events and emergency cash flow

requirements; and internal controls and internal audit processes sufficient to determine the adequacy of the institution’s liquidity risk management process.

The movement of funds on our balance sheet among different SEN deposit customers does not reduce the Bank’s deposits and thus does not present liquidity issues or require any borrowing by the Company or the Bank. In addition, to the extent that SEN participants fully withdraw funds from the Bank, no material liquidity issues or borrowing needs would be presented since the majority of SEN ~~deposit funds~~deposits are held in liquid assets, such as available-for-sale securities and cash, or ~~other short duration liquid assets.~~used to fund short-term mortgage warehouse loans.

We expect funds to be available from basic banking activity sources, including the core deposit base, the repayment and maturity of loans and investment security cash flows. Other potential funding sources include borrowings from the FHLB, the FRB, other lines of credit and ~~if necessary,~~ brokered certificates of deposit. At September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, we had ~~$20.0~~$10.0 million in outstanding FHLB advances. We did not have any borrowings outstanding with the FRB at September 30, ~~2019 and our borrowing capacity is limited only by eligible collateral.~~2020. As of September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, we had ~~$529.4~~an additional $734.1 million of available borrowing capacity from the FHLB, ~~$7.4~~$4.6 million of available borrowing capacity from the FRB and available lines of credit of ~~$32.0~~$68.0 million with other correspondent banks. Cash and cash equivalents at September 30, ~~2019~~2020 were ~~$160.3~~$197.5 million. Accordingly, our liquidity resources were at sufficient levels to fund loans and meet other cash needs as necessary.

Capital Resources

Shareholders’ equity increased ~~$39.4~~$52.7 million to ~~$230.6~~$283.8 million at September 30, ~~2019~~2020, compared to ~~$191.2~~$231.0 million at December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The increase in shareholders’ equity was primarily due to net income for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, which amounted to ~~$21.2~~$16.9 million, and an increase in accumulated other comprehensive income of ~~$18.2~~$35.3 million. The increase in accumulated other comprehensive income was primarily due to unrealized gains ~~in the securities~~on derivatives purchased in connection with ~~the Bank’s~~our hedging ~~strategy.~~strategy and unrealized gains on our available-for-sale securities portfolio.

The ~~Company and the~~ Bank ~~are~~is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the ~~Company and the~~ Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of ~~their~~its assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the ~~Company and the~~ Bank to maintain minimum ratios of common equity Tier 1, Tier 1, and total capital as a percentage of assets and off-balance sheet exposures, adjusted for risk weights ranging from 0% to 1,250%. The ~~Company and the~~ Bank ~~are~~is also required to maintain capital at a minimum level based on quarterly average assets, which is known as the leverage ratio.

In July 2013, federal bank regulatory agencies issued a final rule that revised their risk-based capital requirements and the method for calculating risk-weighted assets to make them consistent with certain standards that were developed by Basel III and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The final rule currently applies to all depository institutions and bank holding companies and savings and loan holding companies with total consolidated assets of more than $3 billion. ~~While the~~The Company ~~was~~has total consolidated assets of less than $3 billion and is currently exempt from the consolidated capital ~~requirements at September 30, 2019, it is not eligible for the Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement due to the issuance of common stock in its recent initial public offering.~~requirements.

As of September 30, ~~2019, the Company and~~2020, the Bank ~~were~~was in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital requirements to which ~~they were~~it was subject, and ~~the Bank~~ was classified as “well capitalized” for purposes of the prompt corrective action regulations. As we deploy our capital and continue to grow our operations, our regulatory capital levels may decrease depending on our level of earnings. However, we intend to monitor and control our growth to remain in compliance with all regulatory capital standards applicable to us.

The following table presents the regulatory capital ratios for the Company (assuming minimum capital adequacy ratios were applicable to the Company) and the Bank as of the dates indicated:


	Actual				Minimum capital adequacy				To be well capitalized				Actual				Minimum capital adequacy				To be well capitalized
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio

	(Dollars in thousands)												(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2019
September 30, 2020
The Company
Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	229,963	10.43	%	$	88,208	4.00	%	N/A		N/A		$	257,563	10.36	%	$	99,439	4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	214,463		23.57	%	40,939		4.50	%	N/A		N/A		242,063		22.58	%	48,232		4.50	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	229,963		25.28	%	54,585		6.00	%	N/A		N/A		257,563		24.03	%	64,309		6.00	%	N/A		N/A
Total risk-based capital ratio	236,268		25.97	%	72,780		8.00	%	N/A		N/A		264,474		24.68	%	85,746		8.00	%	N/A		N/A
The Bank
Tier 1 leverage ratio	220,308		10.01	%	88,062		4.00	%	$	110,077	5.00	%	244,533		9.84	%	99,418		4.00	%	$	124,272	5.00	%
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	220,308		24.30	%	40,790		4.50	%	58,919		6.50	%	244,533		22.82	%	48,219		4.50	%	69,649		6.50	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	220,308		24.30	%	54,386		6.00	%	72,515		8.00	%	244,533		22.82	%	64,292		6.00	%	85,722		8.00	%
Total risk-based capital ratio	226,613		25.00	%	72,515		8.00	%	90,644		10.00	%	251,444		23.47	%	85,722		8.00	%	107,153		10.00	%


	Actual				Minimum capital adequacy				To be well capitalized				Actual				Minimum capital adequacy				To be well capitalized
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio

	(Dollars in thousands)												(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2018
December 31, 2019
The Company
Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	208,807	9.00	%	$	92,812	4.00	%	N/A		N/A		$	240,135	11.23	%	$	85,501	4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	193,307		23.10	%	37,650		4.50	%	N/A		N/A		224,635		24.52	%	41,233		4.50	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	208,807		24.96	%	50,200		6.00	%	N/A		N/A		240,135		26.21	%	54,978		6.00	%	N/A		N/A
Total risk-based capital ratio	215,638		25.77	%	66,933		8.00	%	N/A		N/A		246,447		26.90	%	73,304		8.00	%	N/A		N/A
The Bank
Tier 1 leverage ratio	197,175		8.51	%	92,637		4.00	%	$	115,796	5.00	%	224,605		10.52	%	85,399		4.00	%	$	106,749	5.00	%
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	197,175		23.68	%	37,472		4.50	%	54,127		6.50	%	224,605		24.55	%	41,163		4.50	%	59,458		6.50	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	197,175		23.68	%	49,963		6.00	%	66,618		8.00	%	224,605		24.55	%	54,884		6.00	%	73,179		8.00	%
Total risk-based capital ratio	204,006		24.50	%	66,618		8.00	%	83,272		10.00	%	230,917		25.24	%	73,179		8.00	%	91,474		10.00	%

Off-Balance Sheet Items

In the normal course of business, we enter into various transactions, which, in accordance with GAAP, are not included in our consolidated statements of financial condition. We enter into these transactions to meet the financing needs of our customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit and issue letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk exceeding the amounts recognized in our consolidated statements of financial condition. Our exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amounts of these commitments. The same credit policies and procedures are used in making these commitments as for on-balance sheet instruments. We are not aware of any accounting loss to be incurred by funding these commitments; however, we maintain an allowance for off-balance sheet credit risk which is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition. For details of our commitments to extend credit, and commercial and standby letters of credit, please refer to “Note 9—Commitments and Contingencies—Off-Balance Sheet Items” of the “Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements” under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Our accounting and reporting policies conform to GAAP and the prevailing practices in the banking industry. However, we also evaluate our performance based on certain additional financial measures discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as being “non-GAAP financial measures.” We identify certain financial measures as non-GAAP financial measures if that financial measure excludes or includes amounts, that are not included or excluded, as the case may be, in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP in our statements of operations, financial condition or

cash flows. Non-GAAP financial measures do not include operating and other statistical measures or ratios that are calculated using exclusively financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes certain non-GAAP financial measures for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 in order to present our results of operations for that period on a basis consistent with our historical operations. On November 15, 2018, the Company and the Bank entered into a purchase and assumption agreement with HomeStreet Bank to sell the Bank’s retail branch located in San Marcos, California and business loan portfolio to HomeStreet Bank. This transaction, which was completed in March 2019, generated a pre-tax gain on sale of $5.5 million. There ~~was~~were no ~~impact to~~non-GAAP adjustments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 or for the three months ended September 30, 2019.

We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to management and investors that is supplementary to our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows computed in accordance with GAAP. However, non-GAAP financial measures have a number of limitations, are not necessarily comparable to GAAP measures and should not be considered in isolation or viewed as a substitute for the most directly comparable or other financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Moreover, the manner in which we calculate non-GAAP financial measures may differ from that of other companies reporting non-GAAP measures with similar names. You should understand how such other companies calculate their financial measures that may be similar or have names that are similar to the non-GAAP financial measures discussed herein when comparing such non-GAAP financial measures. Our management uses the non-GAAP financial measures set forth below in its analysis of our performance.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2020			2019

	(Dollars in thousands)
Net income
Net income, as reported	$	21,248		$	14,313		$	16,919		$	21,248
Adjustments:
Gain on sale of branch, net	(5,509		)	—			—			(5,509		)
Tax effect⁽¹⁾	1,574			—			—			1,574
Adjusted net income	$	17,313		$	14,313		$	16,919		$	17,313

Noninterest income / average assets⁽²⁾
Noninterest income							$	14,329		$	12,624
Adjustments:
Gain on sale of branch, net							—			(5,509		)
Adjusted noninterest income							14,329			7,115
Average assets							2,293,277			2,063,298
Noninterest income / average assets, as reported							0.83		%	0.82		%
Adjusted noninterest income / average assets							0.83		%	0.46		%

Return on average assets (ROAA)⁽²⁾
Adjusted net income	$	17,313		$	14,313		$	16,919		$	17,313
Average assets	2,063,298			1,904,684			2,293,277			2,063,298
Return on average assets (ROAA), as reported	1.38		%	1.00		%	0.99		%	1.38		%
Adjusted return on average assets	1.12		%	1.00		%	0.99		%	1.12		%

Return on average equity (ROAE)⁽²⁾
Adjusted net income	$	17,313		$	14,313		$	16,919		$	17,313
Average equity	208,775			158,248			258,904			208,775
Return on average equity (ROAE), as reported	13.61		%	12.09		%	8.73		%	13.61		%
Adjusted return on average equity	11.09		%	12.09		%	8.73		%	11.09		%

Noninterest income / average assets⁽²⁾
Noninterest income	$	12,624		$	5,572
Adjustments:
Gain on sale of branch, net	(5,509		)	—
Adjusted noninterest income	7,115			5,572
Average assets	2,063,298			1,904,684
Noninterest income / average assets, as reported	0.82		%	0.39		%
Adjusted noninterest income / average assets	0.46		%	0.39		%

Efficiency ratio
Noninterest expense	$	38,818		$	34,346		$	41,980		$	38,818

Net interest income	55,327			48,760			50,456			55,327
Noninterest income	12,624			5,572			14,329			12,624
Total net interest income and noninterest income	67,951			54,332			64,785			67,951
Adjustments:
Gain on sale of branch, net	(5,509		)	—			—			(5,509		)
Adjusted total net interest income and noninterest income	62,442			54,332			64,785			62,442
Efficiency ratio, as reported	57.13		%	63.22		%	64.80		%	57.13		%
Adjusted efficiency ratio	62.17		%	63.22		%	64.80		%	62.17		%

________________________


(1)	Amount represents the total income tax effect of the adjustment, which is calculated based on the applicable marginal tax rate of 28.58%.


(2)	Data has been annualized.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

As a financial institution, our primary component of market risk is interest rate volatility. Our Asset Liability Management Policy sets forth guidelines for effective funds management and establishes an approach for measuring and monitoring our net interest rate sensitivity.

Interest rate risk is the probability of an increase or decline in the value of an asset or liability due to fluctuations in interest rates. These fluctuations have an impact on both the level of interest income and interest expense as well as the market value of all interest earning assets and ~~interest bearing liabilities (excluding those with short-term maturities).~~liabilities. The objective is to measure

the impact that different interest rate scenarios

have on net interest income and ensure that the results are within policy limits while maximizing income. The results can be reflected as ~~a loss~~an increase or decrease of future net interest income or ~~a loss~~an increase or decrease of current fair market value.

Exposure to interest rates is managed by structuring the balance sheet in a ‘business as usual’ or ‘base case’ scenario. We do not enter into instruments such as leveraged derivatives, financial options or financial future contracts for the purpose of reducing interest rate risk. We hedge interest rate risk by utilizing interest rate floors, interest rate caps, and interest rate ~~caps.~~swaps. The interest rate floors hedge our cash and securities, ~~and~~ the interest rate caps hedge our subordinated ~~debentures.~~debentures, and the interest rate swaps hedge our taxable municipal bonds. Based on the nature of our operations, we are not subject to foreign exchange or commodity price risk. We do not own any trading assets.

Exposure to interest rate risk is managed by the Bank’s Asset Liability Management Committee, ~~or ALCO,~~ in accordance with policies approved by the board of directors. The committee formulates strategies based on appropriate levels of interest rate risk. In determining the appropriate level of interest rate risk, the committee considers the impact on earnings and capital under the current interest rate outlook, potential changes in interest rates, regional economies, liquidity, business strategies and other factors. The committee meets regularly to review, among other things, the sensitivity of assets and liabilities to interest rate changes, the book and market values of assets and liabilities, unrealized gains and losses, purchase and sale activities, commitments to originate loans, and the maturities of investments and borrowings. Additionally, the committee reviews liquidity, cash flow flexibility, maturities of deposits, and consumer and commercial deposit activity. Management employs methodologies to manage interest rate risk that include an analysis of relationships between interest earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities as well as utilizing an interest rate simulation model where ~~the rates are shocked.~~various rate scenarios can be analyzed.

The following table indicates that, for periods less than one year, rate-sensitive assets exceed rate-sensitive liabilities, resulting in an asset-sensitive position. For a bank with an asset-sensitive position, or positive gap, rising interest rates would generally be expected to have a positive effect on net interest income, and falling interest rates would generally be expected to have the opposite effect. Due to our ~~significant~~ asset sensitive position, we have ~~hedged~~implemented a hedging strategy to reduce our interest rate risk exposure in a ~~decreasing~~declining rate ~~environment by implementing our hedging strategy. For a discussion of our hedging strategy, see “—Financial Condition—Securities.”~~environment.

INTEREST SENSITIVITY GAP


	Within One Month			After One Month Through Three Months			After Three Through Twelve Months			Within One Year			Greater Than One Year or Non -Sensitive			Total		Within One Month			After One Month Through Three Months			After Three Through Twelve Months			Within One Year			Greater Than One Year or Non -Sensitive			Total

	(Dollars in thousands)																	(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2019
September 30, 2020
Assets
Interest earning assets
Loans⁽¹⁾	$	428,830		$	56,200		$	55,260		$	540,290		$	469,301		$	1,009,591	$	841,690		$	56,168		$	172,783		$	1,070,641		$	337,821		$	1,408,462
Securities⁽²⁾	486,249			10,493			2,602			499,344			420,837			920,181		450,078			7,475			12,024			469,577			489,423			959,000
Interest earning deposits in other banks	154,982			—			1,178			156,160			—			156,160		176,079			310			3,275			179,664			2,666			182,330
Total earning assets	$	1,070,061		$	66,693		$	59,040		$	1,195,794		$	890,138		$	2,085,932	$	1,467,847		$	63,953		$	188,082		$	1,719,882		$	829,910		$	2,549,792
Liabilities
Interest bearing liabilities
Interest bearing deposits	$	128,401		$	—		$	—		$	128,401		$	—		$	128,401	$	115,497		$	—		$	—		$	115,497		$	321		$	115,818
Certificates of deposit	1			467			569			1,037			324,224			325,261		—			122			325			447			517			964
Total interest bearing deposits	128,402			467			569			129,438			324,224			453,662		115,497			122			325			115,944			838			116,782
FHLB advances	20,000			—			—			20,000			—			20,000		—			—			5,000			5,000			5,000			10,000
Total interest bearing liabilities	$	148,402		$	467		$	569		$	149,438		$	324,224		$	473,662	$	115,497		$	122		$	5,325		$	120,944		$	5,838		$	126,782
Period gap	$	921,659		$	66,226		$	58,471		$	1,046,356		$	565,914		$	1,612,270	$	1,352,350		$	63,831		$	182,757		$	1,598,938		$	824,072		$	2,423,010
Cumulative gap	$	921,659		$	987,885		$	1,046,356		$	1,046,356		$	1,612,270				$	1,352,350		$	1,416,181		$	1,598,938		$	1,598,938		$	2,423,010
Ratio of cumulative gap to total earning assets	0.86		%	0.87		%	0.88		%	0.88		%	0.77		%			53.04		%	55.54		%	62.71		%	62.71		%	95.03		%

________________________


(1)	Includes loans held-for-sale.


(2)	Includes FHLB and FRB stock.

We use quarterly Interest Rate Risk, or IRR, simulations to assess the impact of changing interest rates on our net interest income and net income under a variety of scenarios and time horizons. These simulations utilize both instantaneous and parallel changes in the level of interest rates, as well as non-parallel changes such as changing slopes and twists of the yield curve. Static simulation models are based on current exposures and assume a constant balance sheet with no new growth. Dynamic simulation models are also utilized that rely on detailed assumptions regarding changes in existing lines of business, new business, and changes in management and client behavior.

We also use economic value-based methodologies to measure the degree to which the economic values of the Bank’s positions change under different interest rate scenarios. The economic-value approach focuses on a longer-term time horizon and captures all future cash flows expected from existing assets and liabilities. The economic value model utilizes a static approach in that the analysis does not incorporate new business; rather, the analysis shows a snapshot in time of the risk inherent in the balance sheet.

Many assumptions are used to calculate the impact of interest rate fluctuations on our net interest income, such as asset prepayments, non-maturity deposit price sensitivity and decay rates, and key rate drivers. Because of the inherent use of these estimates and assumptions in the model, our actual results may, and most likely will, differ from our static IRR results. In addition, static IRR results do not include actions that our management may undertake to manage the risks in response to anticipated changes in interest rates or client behavior. For example, as part of our asset/liability management strategy, management can increase asset duration and decrease liability duration to reduce asset sensitivity, or to decrease asset duration and increase liability duration in order to increase asset sensitivity.

The following table summarizes the results of our IRR analysis in simulating the change in net interest income and fair value of equity over a 12-month horizon as of September 30, ~~2019:~~2020:

IMPACT ON NET INTEREST INCOME UNDER A STATIC BALANCE SHEET, PARALLEL INTEREST RATE SHOCK


Earnings at Risk as of:	-100 bps		Flat		+100 bps		+200 bps		+300 bps		-100 bps		Flat		+100 bps		+200 bps		+300 bps
September 30, 2019	(7.76	)%	0.00	%	10.08	%	22.35	%	33.85	%
September 30, 2020											(3.71	)%	0.00	%	17.44	%	34.96	%	54.07	%

Utilizing an economic value of equity, or EVE, approach, we analyze the risk to capital from the effects of various interest rate scenarios through a long-term discounted cash flow model. This measures the difference between the economic value of our assets and the economic value of our liabilities, which is a proxy for our liquidation value. While this provides some value as a risk measurement tool, management believes IRR is more appropriate in accordance with the going concern principle.

The following table illustrates the results of our EVE analysis as of September 30, ~~2019.~~2020.

ECONOMIC VALUE OF EQUITY ANALYSIS UNDER A STATIC BALANCE SHEET, PARALLEL INTEREST RATE SHOCK


As of:	-100 bps		Flat		+100 bps		+200 bps		+300 bps		-100 bps		Flat		+100 bps		+200 bps		+300 bps
September 30, 2019	(1.80	)%	0.00	%	1.24	%	4.97	%	7.60	%
September 30, 2020											3.41	%	0.00	%	0.46	%	0.20	%	0.76	%

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures ~~(as~~as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, ~~2019.~~2020.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended September 30, ~~2019~~2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

~~None.~~We are not currently subject to any material legal proceedings. We are from time to time subject to claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. These claims and litigation may include, among other things, allegations of violation of banking and other applicable regulations, competition law, labor laws and consumer protection laws, as well as claims or litigation relating to intellectual property, securities, breach of contract and tort. We intend to defend ourselves vigorously against any pending or future claims and litigation.

In the current opinion of management, the likelihood is remote that the impact of such proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. However, one or more unfavorable outcomes in any claim or litigation against us could have a material adverse effect for the period in which they are resolved. In addition, regardless of their merits or their ultimate outcomes, such matters are costly, divert management’s attention and may materially adversely affect our reputation, even if resolved in our favor.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

~~In addition~~The section titled Risk Factors in Part I, Item 1A of our 2019 Form 10-K includes a discussion of the many risks and uncertainties we face, any one or more of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition (including capital and liquidity), or prospects or the value of or return on an investment in the Company. The information presented below provides an update to, and should be read in conjunction with, the risk factors and other information ~~set forth~~contained in our 2019 Form 10-K.

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has led to periods of significant volatility in financial, commodities and other markets and could harm our business and results of operations.

In December 2019, COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Since then, COVID-19 infections have spread to additional countries including the United States. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic. Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances surrounding this ~~report, you should carefully consider~~pandemic, it is difficult to predict the impact of the pandemic on our business, and there is no guarantee that our efforts to address or mitigate the adverse impacts of the coronavirus pandemic will be effective. The impact to date has included periods of significant volatility in financial, commodities and other ~~factors discussed in the “Risk Factors” section of~~markets. This volatility has had and, if it continues, could continue to have an adverse impact on our ~~registration statement~~customers and on ~~Form S-1 filed with the SEC on October 28, 2019 (333-228446) and declared effective by the SEC on November 6, 2019 (the “Registration Statement”), which could materially affect~~ our business, financial condition ~~and/~~and results of operations as well as our growth strategy.

Our business is dependent upon the willingness and ability of our customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions. The spread of COVID-19 has caused and could continue to cause severe disruptions in the U.S. economy at large, and has resulted and may continue to result in disruptions to our customers’ businesses, and a decrease in consumer confidence and business generally. In addition, recent actions by U.S. federal, state and local governments to address the pandemic, including travel bans, stay-at-home orders and school, business and entertainment venue closures, has had and may continue to have a significant adverse effect on our customers and the markets in which we conduct our business. The extent of impacts resulting from the coronavirus pandemic and other events beyond our control will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the coronavirus pandemic and actions taken to contain the coronavirus or ~~operating results. There~~its impact, among others.

Disruptions to our customers could result in increased risk of delinquencies, defaults, foreclosures and losses on our loans. The escalation of the pandemic may also negatively impact regional economic conditions for a period of time, resulting in declines in local loan demand, liquidity of loan guarantors, loan collateral (particularly in real estate), loan originations and deposit availability. If the global response to contain COVID-19 escalates or is unsuccessful, we could experience a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The spread of the COVID-19 outbreak and the governmental responses may disrupt banking and other financial activity in the areas in which we operate and could potentially create widespread business continuity issues for us.

The outbreak of COVID-19 and the U.S. federal, state and local governmental responses may result in a disruption in the services we provide. We rely on our third-party vendors to conduct business and to process, record, and monitor transactions. If any of these vendors are unable to continue to provide us with these services or experience interruptions in their ability to provide us with these services, it could negatively impact our ability to serve our customers. Furthermore, the coronavirus pandemic could negatively impact the ability of our employees and customers to engage in banking and other financial transactions in the geographic areas in which we operate and could create widespread business continuity issues

for us. We also could be adversely affected if key personnel or a significant number of employees were ~~no material changes from risk factors previously disclosed~~to become unavailable due to infection, quarantine or other effects and restrictions of a COVID-19 outbreak in our ~~Registration Statement.~~market areas. Although we have business continuity plans and other safeguards in place, there is no assurance that such plans and safeguards will be effective. If we are unable to promptly recover from such business disruptions, our business and financial conditions and results of operations would be adversely affected. We also may incur additional costs to remedy damages caused by such disruptions, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Interest rate volatility stemming from COVID-19 could negatively affect our net interest income, lending activities, deposits and profitability.

Our net interest income, lending activities, deposits and profitability could be negatively affected by volatility in interest rates caused by uncertainties stemming from COVID-19. In March 2020, the Federal Reserve lowered the target range for the federal funds rate to a range from 0 to 0.25 percent, citing concerns about the impact of COVID-19 on markets and stress in the energy sector. A prolonged period of extremely volatile and unstable market conditions may increase our funding costs and negatively affect market risk mitigation strategies. Higher income volatility from changes in interest rates and spreads to benchmark indices could cause a loss of future net interest income and a decrease in current fair market values of our assets. Fluctuations in interest rates will impact both the level of income and expense recorded on most of our assets and liabilities and the market value of all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our net income, operating results, or financial condition.

We are subject to increasing credit risk as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which could adversely impact our profitability.

Our business depends on our ability to successfully measure and manage credit risk. As a commercial lender, we are exposed to the risk that the principal of, or interest on, a loan will not be paid timely or at all or that the value of any collateral supporting a loan will be insufficient to cover our outstanding exposure. In addition, we are exposed to risks with respect to the risks resulting from changes in economic and industry conditions and risks inherent in dealing with individual loans and borrowers. As the overall economic climate in the U.S., generally, and in our market areas specifically, experiences material disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic, our borrowers may experience difficulties in repaying their loans and governmental actions may provide payment relief to borrowers affected by COVID-19 and preclude our ability to initiate foreclosure proceedings in certain circumstances and, as a result, the collateral we hold may decrease in value or become illiquid, and the level of our nonperforming loans, charge-offs and delinquencies could rise and require significant additional provisions for credit losses. Additional factors related to the credit quality of certain commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans include the duration of state and local moratoriums on evictions for non-payment of rent or other fees. The payment on these loans that are secured by income producing properties are typically dependent on the successful operation of the related real estate property and may subject us to risks from adverse conditions in the real estate market or the general economy.

We are actively working to support our borrowers to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on them and on our loan portfolio, including through loan modifications that defer payments for those who experienced a hardship as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although recent regulatory guidance provides that such loan modifications are exempt from the calculation and reporting of TDRs and loan delinquencies, we cannot predict whether such loan modifications may ultimately have an adverse impact on our profitability in future periods. Our inability to successfully manage the increased credit risk ~~factors identified~~caused by the COVID-19 pandemic could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Unpredictable future developments related to or resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Because there have been no comparable recent global pandemics that resulted in a similar global impact, we do not yet know the full extent of the COVID-19 pandemic’s effects on our business, operations, or the global economy as a whole. Any future development will be highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic, the effectiveness of our work from home arrangements, third party providers’ ability to support our operation, and any actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the pandemic. We are ~~in addition~~continuing to ~~those contained in~~monitor the COVID-19 pandemic and related risks, although the rapid development and fluidity of the situation precludes any ~~other cautionary statements, written or oral, which may be~~specific prediction as to its ultimate impact on us. However, if the pandemic continues to spread or otherwise ~~addressed~~results in ~~connection with~~ a ~~forward‑looking statement~~continuation or ~~contained~~worsening of the current economic and commercial environments, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows as well as our regulatory capital and liquidity ratios could be materially adversely affected and many of the risks described in ~~any of~~ our ~~subsequent filings with the SEC.~~2019 Form 10-K will be heightened.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

During the quarter ended September 30, 2019, the Company had one employee exercise options for shares of Class A common stock. Both exercises were done by a cashless exercise at a fair market value of $12.00 as determined by the Company’s board of directors. All of the stock options were issued pursuant to the Company’s 2010 Equity Compensation Plan. The table below reflects the date, number of options exercised, number of shares issued and the exercise price for each option exercise in the three months ending September 30, 2019.

OPTIONS EXERCISED IN THE THREE MONTHS ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 2018
Date of Sale/Exercise Number of Options Number of Shares Issued Exercise Price
August 15, 2019 13,457 4,000 $6.55
August 15, 2019 10,000 2,803 $6.86

The issuance of the shares of common stock was exempt from registration under the Securities Act, in reliance upon Rule 701 promulgated under Section 3(b) of the Securities Act as a transaction by an issuer pursuant to benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation as provided under Rule 701.

On November 12, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering of 3,333,333 shares of its Class A common stock at a price to the public of $12.00 per share, 824,605 shares of which were sold by the Company and 2,508,728 shares of which were sold by the selling shareholders. The net proceeds to the Company from the IPO were $6.8 million after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses, which have not yet been finalized. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the sales of shares by the selling shareholders. All of the shares were sold pursuant to our Registration Statement, which was declared effective by the SEC on November 6, 2019.

There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from our initial public offering as described in our prospectus filed with the SEC on November 8, 2019 pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) under the Securities Act.

~~The Company did not repurchase any of its shares during the quarter and does not have any authorized share repurchase programs.~~None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits



Number		Description

3.1		Articles of Incorporation, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 28, 2019 (File No. 333-228446)).
3.2		Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 28, 2019 (File No. 333-228446)).
10.1		Executive Employment Agreement, effective August 7, 2020, by and among Silvergate Bank, Silvergate Capital Corporation and Alan J. Lane (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020).
10.2		Executive Employment Agreement, effective August 7, 2020, by and among Silvergate Bank, Silvergate Capital Corporation and Derek J. Eisele (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020).
10.3		Executive Employment Agreement, effective August 7, 2020, by and among Silvergate Bank, Silvergate Capital Corporation and Benjamin C. Reynolds (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020).
31.1		Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Executive Officer.
31.2		Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Financial Officer.
32.1		Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.
101.INS		XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document
101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.




		SILVERGATE CAPITAL CORPORATION

Date:	~~December 4, 2019~~November 10, 2020	By:	/s/ Alan J. Lane
			Alan J. Lane
			President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date:	~~December 4, 2019~~November 10, 2020	By:	/s/ Antonio Martino
			Antonio Martino
			Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

6367



	Held-to-maturity securities
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrecognized Gains		Gross Unrecognized Losses			Fair Value

	(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2019
Collateralized mortgage obligations	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—
December 31, 2018
Collateralized mortgage obligations	$	73	$	—	$	(1	)	$	72



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	One-to -Four Family			Multi- Family		Commercial Real Estate		Construction		Commercial and Industrial		Consumer and Other		Reverse Mortgage		Mortgage Warehouse		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)
Balance, June 30, 2018	$	1,782		$	200	$	4,455	$	130	$	1,424	$	1	$	46	$	288	$	8,326
Charge-offs	(6		)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(6		)
Recoveries	—			—		—		—		68		—		—		—		68
Provision for loan losses	—			—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Balance, September 30, 2018	$	1,776		$	200	$	4,455	$	130	$	1,492	$	1	$	46	$	288	$	8,388



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	One-to -Four Family			Multi- Family			Commercial Real Estate			Construction			Commercial and Industrial		Consumer and Other			Reverse Mortgage		Mortgage Warehouse			Total

	(Dollars in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2017	$	1,991		$	226		$	4,711		$	140		$	677	$	18		$	41	$	361		$	8,165
Charge-offs	(6		)	—			—			—			—		—			—		—			(6		)
Recoveries	—			—			—			—			80		—			1		—			81
Provision for loan losses	(209		)	(26		)	(256		)	(10		)	735		(17		)	4		(73		)	148
Balance, September 30, 2018	$	1,776		$	200		$	4,455		$	130		$	1,492	$	1		$	46	$	288		$	8,388



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

	(Dollars in thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	398		$	1,156
Variable lease cost	13			32
Short-term lease cost⁽¹⁾	18			144
Sublease income	(32		)	(32		)
Total lease cost	$	397		$	1,300



Operating leases	September 30, 2019

Period / Year Ending December 31,	(Dollars in thousands)
2019	$	410
2020	1,676
2021	1,748
2022	1,548
2023	215
2024	26
Total lease payments	5,623
Less: imputed lease interest	(386		)
Total lease liabilities	$	5,237



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

	(Dollars in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	1,113
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	6,599



	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
	Number of Customers	Total Deposits		Number of Customers	Total Deposits

	(Dollars in millions)
Digital currency exchanges	69	$	546	37	$	618
Institutional investors	468	504		363	577
Other customers	219	247		142	274
Total	756	$	1,297	542	$	1,470



OPTIONS EXERCISED IN THE THREE MONTHS ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 2018
Date of Sale/Exercise	Number of Options	Number of Shares Issued	Exercise Price
August 15, 2019	13,457	4,000	$6.55
August 15, 2019	10,000	2,803	$6.86