UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_________________________
FORM 10-Q
xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018
or
¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from            to            
Commission File Number: 001-35568 (Healthcare Trust of America, Inc.)
Commission File Number: 333-190916 (Healthcare Trust of America Holdings, LP)
_________________________ 
HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA, INC.
HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA HOLDINGS, LP
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland (Healthcare Trust of America, Inc.) 20-4738467
Delaware (Healthcare Trust of America Holdings, LP) 20-4738347
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
16435 N. Scottsdale Road, Suite 320
Scottsdale, Arizona 85254
(Address of principal executive offices)
(480) 998-3478
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    
Healthcare Trust of America, Inc.
x Yes
¨ No
 
Healthcare Trust of America Holdings, LP
x Yes
¨ No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site,Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    
Healthcare Trust of America, Inc.
x Yes
¨ No
 
Healthcare Trust of America Holdings, LP
x Yes
¨ No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Healthcare Trust of America, Inc.
Large-accelerated filer x
Accelerated filer ¨
Non-accelerated filer ¨
Smaller reporting company ¨
Emerging growth company ¨
   (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)  
Healthcare Trust of America Holdings, LP
Large-accelerated filer ¨
Accelerated filer ¨
Non-accelerated filer x
Smaller reporting company ¨
Emerging growth company ¨
   (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)  
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Healthcare Trust of America, Inc.¨  
Healthcare Trust of America Holdings, LP¨  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    
Healthcare Trust of America, Inc.
¨ Yes
x No
 
Healthcare Trust of America Holdings, LP
¨ Yes
x No
 
As of October 23, 2017,July 30, 2018, there were 204,886,019207,529,306 shares of Class A common stock of Healthcare Trust of America, Inc. outstanding.
 

Explanatory Note
This Quarterly Reportquarterly report combines the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”) for the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018, of Healthcare Trust of America, Inc. (“HTA”), a Maryland corporation, and Healthcare Trust of America Holdings, LP (“HTALP”), a Delaware limited partnership. Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this Quarterly Report to “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company” or “our Company” refer to HTA and HTALP, collectively, and all references to “common stock” shall refer to the Class A common stock of HTA.
HTA operates as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) and is the general partner of HTALP. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, HTA owned a 98.0%98.1% partnership interest in HTALP, and other limited partners, including some of HTA’s directors, executive officers and their affiliates, owned the remaining partnership interest (including the long-term incentive plan (“LTIP” Units)) in HTALP. As the sole general partner of HTALP, HTA has the full, exclusive and complete responsibility for HTALP’s day-to-day management and control, including its compliance with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filing requirements.
We believe it is important to understand the few differences between HTA and HTALP in the context of how we operate as an integrated consolidated company. HTA operates as an umbrella partnership REIT structure in which HTALP and its subsidiaries hold substantially all of the assets. HTA’s only material asset is its ownership of partnership interests of HTALP. As a result, HTA does not conduct business itself, other than acting as the sole general partner of HTALP, issuing public equity from time to time and guaranteeing certain debts of HTALP. HTALP conducts the operations of the business and issues publicly-traded debt, but has no publicly-traded equity. Except for net proceeds from public equity issuances by HTA, which are generally contributed to HTALP in exchange for partnership units of HTALP, HTALP generates the capital required for the business through its operations and by direct or indirect incurrence of indebtedness or through the issuance of its partnership units (“OP Units”).
Noncontrolling interests, stockholders’ equity and partners’ capital are the primary areas of difference between the condensed consolidated financial statements of HTA and HTALP. Limited partnership units in HTALP are accounted for as partners’ capital in HTALP’s condensed consolidated balance sheets and as a noncontrolling interest reflected within equity in HTA’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The differences between HTA’s stockholders’ equity and HTALP’s partners’ capital are due to the differences in the equity issued by HTA and HTALP, respectively.
We believe combining the Quarterly Reports of HTA and HTALP, including the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements, into this single Quarterly Report results in the following benefits:
enhances stockholders’ understanding of HTA and HTALP by enabling stockholders to view the business as a whole in the same manner that management views and operates the business;
eliminates duplicative disclosure and provides a more streamlined and readable presentation since a substantial portion of the disclosure in this Quarterly Report applies to both HTA and HTALP; and
creates time and cost efficiencies through the preparation of a single combined Quarterly Report instead of two separate Quarterly Reports.
In order to highlight the material differences between HTA and HTALP, this Quarterly Report includes sections that separately present and discuss areas that are materially different between HTA and HTALP, including:
the condensed consolidated financial statements;
certain accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements, including Note 78 - Debt,, Note 1011 - Stockholders’ Equity and Partners’ Capital,, Note 1213 - Per Share Data of HTA, and Note 1314 - Per Unit Data of HTALP;
the Funds From Operations (“FFO”) and Normalized FFO in Part 1, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report;
the Controls and Procedures in Part 1, Item 4 of this Quarterly Report; and
the Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer included as Exhibits 31 and 32 to this Quarterly Report.
In the sections of this Quarterly Report that combine disclosure for HTA and HTALP, this Quarterly Report refers to actions or holdings as being actions or holdings of the Company. Although HTALP (directly or indirectly through one of its subsidiaries) is generally the entity that enters into contracts, holds assets and issues or incurs debt, management believes this presentation is appropriate for the reasons set forth above and because the business of the Company is a single integrated enterprise operated through HTALP.

2



HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA, INC. AND
HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA HOLDINGS, LP
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
  Page
Healthcare Trust of America, Inc. 
 
 
 
 
 
Healthcare Trust of America Holdings, LP 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes for Healthcare Trust of America, Inc. and Healthcare Trust of America Holdings, LP 
 
   
   
 






3


Table of Contents

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)
HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except for share and per share data)
(Unaudited)
 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
ASSETS        
Real estate investments:        
Land $480,850
 $386,526
 $486,403
 $485,319
Building and improvements 5,788,837
 3,466,516
 5,873,927
 5,830,824
Lease intangibles 648,591
 467,571
 633,938
 639,199
Construction in progress 59,573
 
 21,397
 14,223
 6,977,851
 4,320,613
 7,015,665
 6,969,565
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (973,566) (817,593) (1,146,260) (1,021,691)
Real estate investments, net 6,004,285
 3,503,020
 5,869,405
 5,947,874
Assets held for sale, net 6,916
 
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture 68,303
 
 67,870
 68,577
Cash and cash equivalents 9,410
 11,231
 26,191
 100,356
Restricted cash and escrow deposits 17,469
 13,814
Restricted cash 13,414
 18,204
Receivables and other assets, net 206,030
 173,461
 215,250
 207,857
Other intangibles, net 108,025
 46,318
 103,084
 106,714
Total assets $6,413,522
 $3,747,844
 $6,302,130
 $6,449,582
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY        
Liabilities:        
Debt $2,856,758
 $1,768,905
 $2,683,531
 $2,781,031
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 159,070
 105,034
 152,516
 167,852
Liabilities of assets held for sale 161
 
Derivative financial instruments - interest rate swaps 1,441
 1,920
 548
 1,089
Security deposits, prepaid rent and other liabilities 61,402
 49,859
 65,012
 61,222
Intangible liabilities, net 69,852
 37,056
 64,964
 68,203
Total liabilities 3,148,523
 1,962,774
 2,966,732
 3,079,397
Commitments and contingencies 
 
 
 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests 4,692
 4,653
 6,644
 6,737
Equity:        
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding 
 
 
 
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 200,686,673 and 141,719,134 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively 2,007
 1,417
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 207,493,355 and 204,892,118 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively 2,075
 2,049
Additional paid-in capital 4,386,224
 2,754,818
 4,580,373
 4,508,528
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (615) 
 1,367
 274
Cumulative dividends in excess of earnings (1,212,051) (1,068,961) (1,332,759) (1,232,069)
Total stockholders’ equity 3,175,565
 1,687,274
 3,251,056
 3,278,782
Noncontrolling interests 84,742
 93,143
 77,698
 84,666
Total equity 3,260,307
 1,780,417
 3,328,754
 3,363,448
Total liabilities and equity $6,413,522
 $3,747,844
 $6,302,130
 $6,449,582
        
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4


Table of Contents

HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except for per share data)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Revenues:              
Rental income$175,431
 $118,252
 $438,949
 $338,646
$173,221
 $139,525
 $348,788
 $263,518
Interest and other operating income563
 88
 1,271
 243
111
 354
 205
 708
Total revenues175,994
 118,340
 440,220

338,889
173,332
 139,879
 348,993

264,226
Expenses:              
Rental56,331
 36,885
 138,874
 105,299
53,553
 43,523
 109,575
 82,543
General and administrative8,283
 7,293
 25,178
 20,879
8,725
 8,472
 17,511
 16,895
Transaction261
 1,122
 5,618
 4,997
396
 5,073
 587
 5,357
Depreciation and amortization70,491
 47,864
 172,900
 130,430
69,104
 55,353
 139,496
 102,409
Impairment
 
 5,093
 

 5,093
 4,606
 5,093
Total expenses135,366
 93,164
 347,663
 261,605
131,778
 117,514
 271,775
 212,297
Income before other income (expense)40,628
 25,176
 92,557
 77,284
41,554
 22,365
 77,218
 51,929
Interest expense:      
Interest income (expense):       
Interest related to derivative financial instruments(264) (552) (827) (1,856)186
 (239) 128
 (563)
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net
 1,306
 884
 (2,144)
Gain on change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net
 45
 
 884
Total interest related to derivative financial instruments, including net change in fair value of derivative financial instruments(264) 754
 57
 (4,000)186
 (194) 128
 321
Interest related to debt(25,924) (16,386) (59,688) (44,503)(26,491) (17,706) (52,686) (33,764)
Gain on sale of real estate, net
 
 3
 4,212

 
 
 3
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net(774) (3,000) (11,192) (3,022)
 (10,386) 
 (10,418)
Income from unconsolidated joint venture318
 
 381
 
403
 63
 973
 63
Other (expense) income(27) 95
 (13) 220
Net income$13,957
 $6,639
 $22,105
 $30,191
Other income5
 6
 40
 14
Net income (loss)$15,657
 $(5,852) $25,673
 $8,148
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (1)
(194) (212) (715) (830)(311) (66) (525) (521)
Net income attributable to common stockholders$13,763
 $6,427
 $21,390
 $29,361
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders$15,346
 $(5,918) $25,148
 $7,627
Earnings per common share - basic:              
Net income attributable to common stockholders$0.07
 $0.05
 $0.12
 $0.22
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders$0.07
 $(0.03) $0.12
 $0.05
Earnings per common share - diluted:              
Net income attributable to common stockholders$0.07
 $0.04
 $0.12
 $0.21
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders$0.07
 $(0.03) $0.12
 $0.05
Weighted average common shares outstanding:              
Basic200,674
 138,807
 173,189
 134,905
205,241
 176,464
 205,155
 159,218
Diluted204,795
 143,138
 177,410
 138,314
209,259
 176,464
 209,218
 163,490
Dividends declared per common share$0.305
 $0.300
 $0.905
 $0.890
$0.305
 $0.300
 $0.610
 $0.600
              
(1) Includes amounts attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests.(1) Includes amounts attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests.(1) Includes amounts attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests.    
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5


Table of Contents

HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
              
Net income$13,957
 $6,639
 $22,105
 $30,191
Net income (loss)$15,657
 $(5,852) $25,673
 $8,148
              
Other comprehensive gain (loss)              
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges205
 
 (631) 
214
 (748) 1,114
 (836)
Total other comprehensive gain (loss)205
 
 (631) 
214
 (748) 1,114
 (836)
              
Total comprehensive income14,162
 6,639
 21,474
 30,191
Total comprehensive income (loss)15,871
 (6,600) 26,787
 7,312
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests(170) (211) (619) (802)(301) (27) (499) (449)
Total comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders$13,992
 $6,428
 $20,855
 $29,389
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders$15,570
 $(6,627) $26,288
 $6,863
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


6


Table of Contents

HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
Class A Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Cumulative Dividends in Excess of Earnings Total Stockholders’ Equity Noncontrolling Interests Total EquityClass A Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Gain (Loss) Cumulative Dividends in Excess of Earnings Total Stockholders’ Equity Noncontrolling Interests Total Equity
Shares AmountShares Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2015127,027
 $1,270
 $2,328,806
 $
 $(950,652) $1,379,424
 $27,534
 $1,406,958
Issuance of common stock, net14,138
 141
 417,022
 
 
 417,163
 
 417,163
Issuance of operating partnership units in connection with an acquisition
 
 
 
 
 
 71,754
 71,754
Share-based award transactions, net393
 4
 5,132
 
 
 5,136
 
 5,136
Repurchase and cancellation of common stock(87) (1) (2,424) 
 
 (2,425) 
 (2,425)
Redemption of noncontrolling interest and other257
 3
 5,030
 
 
 5,033
 (5,709) (676)
Dividends declared
 
 
 
 (121,686) (121,686) (3,134) (124,820)
Net income
 
 
 
 29,361
 29,361
 802
 30,163
Balance as of September 30, 2016141,728
 $1,417
 $2,753,566
 $
 $(1,042,977) $1,712,006
 $91,247
 $1,803,253
               
Balance as of December 31, 2016141,719
 $1,417
 $2,754,818
 $
 $(1,068,961) $1,687,274
 $93,143
 $1,780,417
141,719
 $1,417
 $2,754,818
 $
 $(1,068,961) $1,687,274
 $93,143
 $1,780,417
Issuance of common stock, net58,623
 586
 1,623,636
 
 
 1,624,222
 
 1,624,222
Issuance of operating partnership units in connection with an acquisition
 
 
 
 
 
 610
 610
Issuance of common stock in HTA58,623
 586
 1,623,636
 
 
 1,624,222
 
 1,624,222
Issuance of operating partnership units in HTALP in connection with an acquisition
 
 
 
 
 
 610
 610
Share-based award transactions, net234
 3
 5,490
 
 
 5,493
 
 5,493
198
 2
 3,837
 
 
 3,839
 
 3,839
Repurchase and cancellation of common stock(116) (1) (3,412) 
 
 (3,413) 
 (3,413)(114) (1) (3,338) 
 
 (3,339) 
 (3,339)
Redemption of noncontrolling interest and other227
 2
 5,692
 
 
 5,694
 (5,694) 
221
 2
 5,530
 
 
 5,532
 (5,532) 
Dividends declared
 
 
 
 (164,480) (164,480) (3,936) (168,416)
 
 
 
 (103,273) (103,273) (2,651) (105,924)
Net income
 
 
 
 21,390
 21,390
 635
 22,025

 
 
 
 7,627
 7,627
 469
 8,096
Other comprehensive loss
 
 
 (615) 
 (615) (16) (631)
 
 
 (816) 
 (816) (20) (836)
Balance as of September 30, 2017200,687
 $2,007
 $4,386,224
 $(615) $(1,212,051) $3,175,565
 $84,742
 $3,260,307
Balance as of June 30, 2017200,647
 $2,006
 $4,384,483
 $(816) $(1,164,607) $3,221,066
 $86,019
 $3,307,085
               
Balance as of December 31, 2017204,892
 $2,049
 $4,508,528
 $274
 $(1,232,069) $3,278,782
 $84,666
 $3,363,448
Issuance of common stock in HTA2,550
 25
 72,789
 
 
 72,814
 
 72,814
Share-based award transactions, net296
 3
 5,700
 
 
 5,703
 
 5,703
Repurchase and cancellation of common stock(429) (4) (11,549) 
 
 (11,553) 
 (11,553)
Redemption of noncontrolling interest and other184
 2
 4,905
 
 
 4,907
 (4,907) 
Dividends declared
 
 
 
 (125,838) (125,838) (2,560) (128,398)
Net income
 
 
 
 25,148
 25,148
 478
 25,626
Other comprehensive gain
 
 
 1,093
 
 1,093
 21
 1,114
Balance as of June 30, 2018207,493
 $2,075
 $4,580,373
 $1,367
 $(1,332,759) $3,251,056
 $77,698
 $3,328,754
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7


Table of Contents

HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
 Nine Months Ended September 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2017 20162018 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:       
Net income $22,105
 $30,191
$25,673
 $8,148
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:       
Depreciation, amortization and other 169,057
 128,728
135,177
 100,536
Share-based compensation expense 5,493
 5,136
5,703
 3,839
Bad debt expense 635
 508
Impairment 5,093
 
4,606
 5,093
Income from unconsolidated joint venture (381) 
(973) (63)
Distributions from unconsolidated joint venture975
 
Gain on sale of real estate, net (3) (4,212)
 (3)
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net 11,192
 3,022

 10,418
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments (884) 2,144

 (884)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:       
Receivables and other assets, net (20,489) (14,051)(2,956) (2,742)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 29,566
 3,598
(13,254) 14,272
Prepaid rent and other liabilities 7,158
 (6,807)1,157
 1,907
Net cash provided by operating activities 228,542
 148,257
156,108
 140,521
Cash flows from investing activities:       
Investments in real estate (2,357,570) (532,527)(11,887) (2,202,815)
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture (68,839) 

 (68,839)
Development of real estate (19,163) 
(23,861) (348)
Proceeds from the sale of real estate 4,746
 23,368

 4,746
Capital expenditures (42,990) (34,064)(34,110) (26,022)
Restricted cash, escrow deposits and other assets (3,655) 2,143
Collection of real estate notes receivable347
 
Net cash used in investing activities (2,487,471) (541,080)(69,511) (2,293,278)
Cash flows from financing activities:       
Borrowings on unsecured revolving credit facility 515,000
 513,000
85,000
 305,000
Payments on unsecured revolving credit facility (528,000) (704,000)(85,000) (393,000)
Proceeds from unsecured senior notes 900,000
 347,725

 900,000
Borrowings on unsecured term loans 
 200,000
Payments on unsecured term loans 
 (155,000)
Payments on secured mortgage loans (75,444) (98,453)(99,218) (74,319)
Deferred financing costs (16,902) (3,039)
 (9,400)
Debt extinguishment costs (10,391) 

 (10,391)
Security deposits 1,932
 862
222
 1,964
Proceeds from issuance of common stock 1,624,222
 418,891
72,814
 1,624,222
Repurchase and cancellation of common stock (3,413) (2,425)(11,553) (3,339)
Dividends paid (145,877) (116,655)(125,128) (85,683)
Distributions paid to noncontrolling interest of limited partners (4,019) (2,724)(2,689) (2,722)
Redemption of redeemable noncontrolling interest 
 (491)
Net cash provided by financing activities 2,257,108
 397,691
Net change in cash and cash equivalents (1,821) 4,868
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period 11,231
 13,070
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period $9,410
 $17,938
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(165,552) 2,252,332
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(78,955) 99,575
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - beginning of period118,560
 25,045
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - end of period$39,605
 $124,620
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA HOLDINGS, LP
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except unit data)
(Unaudited)
 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
ASSETS        
Real estate investments:        
Land $480,850
 $386,526
 $486,403
 $485,319
Building and improvements 5,788,837
 3,466,516
 5,873,927
 5,830,824
Lease intangibles 648,591
 467,571
 633,938
 639,199
Construction in progress 59,573
 
 21,397
 14,223
 6,977,851
 4,320,613
 7,015,665
 6,969,565
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (973,566) (817,593) (1,146,260) (1,021,691)
Real estate investments, net 6,004,285
 3,503,020
 5,869,405
 5,947,874
Assets held for sale, net 6,916
 
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture 68,303
 
 67,870
 68,577
Cash and cash equivalents 9,410
 11,231
 26,191
 100,356
Restricted cash and escrow deposits 17,469
 13,814
Restricted cash 13,414
 18,204
Receivables and other assets, net 206,030
 173,461
 215,250
 207,857
Other intangibles, net 108,025
 46,318
 103,084
 106,714
Total assets $6,413,522
 $3,747,844
 $6,302,130
 $6,449,582
LIABILITIES AND PARTNERS’ CAPITAL        
Liabilities:        
Debt $2,856,758
 $1,768,905
 $2,683,531
 $2,781,031
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 159,070
 105,034
 152,516
 167,852
Liabilities of assets held for sale 161
 
Derivative financial instruments - interest rate swaps 1,441
 1,920
 548
 1,089
Security deposits, prepaid rent and other liabilities 61,402
 49,859
 65,012
 61,222
Intangible liabilities, net 69,852
 37,056
 64,964
 68,203
Total liabilities 3,148,523
 1,962,774
 2,966,732
 3,079,397
Commitments and contingencies 

 

 

 

Redeemable noncontrolling interests 4,692
 4,653
 6,644
 6,737
Partners’ Capital:        
Limited partners’ capital, 4,116,546 and 4,323,095 units issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively
 84,472
 92,873
General partners’ capital, 200,686,673 and 141,719,134 units issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively 3,175,835
 1,687,544
Limited partners’ capital, 3,939,816 and 4,124,148 units issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively
 77,428
 84,396
General partners’ capital, 207,493,355 and 204,892,118 units issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively 3,251,326
 3,279,052
Total partners’ capital 3,260,307
 1,780,417
 3,328,754
 3,363,448
Total liabilities and partners’ capital $6,413,522
 $3,747,844
 $6,302,130
 $6,449,582
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


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HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA HOLDINGS, LP
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per unit data)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Revenues:              
Rental income$175,431
 $118,252
 $438,949
 $338,646
$173,221
 $139,525
 $348,788
 $263,518
Interest and other operating income563
 88
 1,271
 243
111
 354
 205
 708
Total revenues175,994
 118,340
 440,220
 338,889
173,332
 139,879
 348,993
 264,226
Expenses:              
Rental56,331
 36,885
 138,874
 105,299
53,553
 43,523
 109,575
 82,543
General and administrative8,283
 7,293
 25,178
 20,879
8,725
 8,472
 17,511
 16,895
Transaction261
 1,122
 5,618
 4,997
396
 5,073
 587
 5,357
Depreciation and amortization70,491
 47,864
 172,900
 130,430
69,104
 55,353
 139,496
 102,409
Impairment
 
 5,093
 

 5,093
 4,606
 5,093
Total expenses135,366
 93,164
 347,663
 261,605
131,778
 117,514
 271,775
 212,297
Income before other income (expense)40,628
 25,176
 92,557
 77,284
41,554
 22,365
 77,218
 51,929
Interest expense:       
Interest income (expense):       
Interest related to derivative financial instruments(264) (552) (827) (1,856)186
 (239) 128
 (563)
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net
 1,306
 884
 (2,144)
Gain on change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net
 45
 
 884
Total interest related to derivative financial instruments, including net change in fair value of derivative financial instruments(264) 754
 57
 (4,000)186
 (194) 128
 321
Interest related to debt(25,924) (16,386) (59,688) (44,503)(26,491) (17,706) (52,686) (33,764)
Gain on sale of real estate, net
 
 3
 4,212

 
 
 3
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net(774) (3,000) (11,192) (3,022)
 (10,386) 
 (10,418)
Income from unconsolidated joint venture318
 
 381
 
403
 63
 973
 63
Other (expense) income(27) 95
 (13) 220
Net income$13,957
 $6,639
 $22,105
 $30,191
Other income5
 6
 40
 14
Net income (loss)$15,657
 $(5,852) $25,673
 $8,148
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(28) (1) (80) (28)(14) (22) (47) (52)
Net income attributable to common unitholders$13,929
 $6,638
 $22,025
 $30,163
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders$15,643
 $(5,874) $25,626
 $8,096
Earnings per common unit - basic:              
Net income attributable to common unitholders$0.07
 $0.05
 $0.12
 $0.22
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders$0.07
 $(0.03) $0.12
 $0.05
Earnings per common unit - diluted:              
Net income attributable to common unitholders$0.07
 $0.05
 $0.12
 $0.22
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders$0.07
 $(0.03) $0.12
 $0.05
Weighted average common units outstanding:               
Basic204,795
 143,137
 177,410
 138,314
209,259
 180,672
 209,218
 163,490
Diluted204,795
 143,137
 177,410
 138,314
209,259
 180,672
 209,218
 163,490
Dividends declared per common unit$0.305
 $0.300
 $0.905
 $0.890
$0.305
 $0.300
 $0.610
 $0.600
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA HOLDINGS, LP
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
              
Net income$13,957
 $6,639
 $22,105
 $30,191
Net income (loss)$15,657
 $(5,852) $25,673
 $8,148
              
Other comprehensive gain (loss)              
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges205
 
 (631) 
214
 (748) 1,114
 (836)
Total other comprehensive gain (loss)205
 
 (631) 
214
 (748) 1,114
 (836)
              
Total comprehensive income14,162
 6,639
 21,474
 30,191
Total comprehensive income (loss)15,871
 (6,600) 26,787
 7,312
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests(28) (1) (80) (28)(14) (22) (47) (52)
Total comprehensive income attributable to common unitholders$14,134
 $6,638
 $21,394
 $30,163
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common unitholders$15,857
 $(6,622) $26,740
 $7,260
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


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HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA HOLDINGS, LP
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN PARTNERS CAPITAL
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
General Partners’ Capital Limited Partners’ Capital Total Partners’ CapitalGeneral Partners’ Capital Limited Partners’ Capital Total Partners’ Capital
Units Amount Units Amount Units Amount Units Amount 
Balance as of December 31, 2015127,027
 $1,379,694
 1,930
 $27,264
 $1,406,958
Issuance of general partner units, net14,138
 417,163
 
 
 417,163
Issuance of limited partner units in connection with an acquisition
 
 2,650
 71,754
 71,754
Share-based award transactions, net393
 5,136
 
 
 5,136
Redemption and cancellation of general partner units(87) (2,425) 
 
 (2,425)
Redemption of limited partner units and other257
 5,033
 (257) (5,709) (676)
Distributions declared
 (121,686) 
 (3,134) (124,820)
Net income
 29,361
 
 802
 30,163
Balance as of September 30, 2016141,728
 $1,712,276
 4,323
 $90,977
 $1,803,253
         
Balance as of December 31, 2016141,719
 $1,687,544
 4,323
 $92,873
 $1,780,417
141,719
 $1,687,544
 4,323
 $92,873
 $1,780,417
Issuance of general partner units, net58,623
 1,624,222
 
 
 1,624,222
Issuance of general partner units58,623
 1,624,222
 
 
 1,624,222
Issuance of limited partner units in connection with an acquisition
 
 21
 610
 610

 
 21
 610
 610
Share-based award transactions, net234
 5,493
 
 
 5,493
198
 3,839
 
 
 3,839
Redemption and cancellation of general partner units(116) (3,413) 
 
 (3,413)(114) (3,339) 
 
 (3,339)
Redemption of limited partner units and other227
 5,694
 (227) (5,694) 
221
 5,532
 (221) (5,532) 
Distributions declared
 (164,480) 
 (3,936) (168,416)
 (103,273) 
 (2,651) (105,924)
Net income
 21,390
 
 635
 22,025

 7,627
 
 469
 8,096
Other comprehensive loss
 (615) 
 (16) (631)
 (816) 
 (20) (836)
Balance as of September 30, 2017200,687
 $3,175,835
 4,117
 $84,472
 $3,260,307
Balance as of June 30, 2017200,647
 $3,221,336
 4,123
 $85,749
 $3,307,085
         
Balance as of December 31, 2017204,892
 $3,279,052
 4,124
 $84,396
 $3,363,448
Issuance of general partner units2,550
 72,814
 
 
 72,814
Share-based award transactions, net296
 5,703
 
 
 5,703
Redemption and cancellation of general partner units(429) (11,553) 
 
 (11,553)
Redemption of limited partner units and other184
 4,907
 (184) (4,907) 
Distributions declared
 (125,838) 
 (2,560) (128,398)
Net income
 25,148
 
 478
 25,626
Other comprehensive gain
 1,093
 
 21
 1,114
Balance as of June 30, 2018207,493
 $3,251,326
 3,940
 $77,428
 $3,328,754
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


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HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA HOLDINGS, LP
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
 Nine Months Ended September 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2017 20162018 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:       
Net income $22,105
 $30,191
$25,673
 $8,148
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:       
Depreciation, amortization and other 169,057
 128,728
135,177
 100,536
Share-based compensation expense 5,493
 5,136
5,703
 3,839
Bad debt expense 635
 508
Impairment 5,093
 
4,606
 5,093
Income from unconsolidated joint venture (381) 
(973) (63)
Distributions from unconsolidated joint venture975
 
Gain on sale of real estate, net (3) (4,212)
 (3)
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net 11,192
 3,022

 10,418
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments (884) 2,144

 (884)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:       
Receivables and other assets, net (20,489) (14,051)(2,956) (2,742)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 29,566
 3,598
(13,254) 14,272
Prepaid rent and other liabilities 7,158
 (6,807)1,157
 1,907
Net cash provided by operating activities 228,542
 148,257
156,108
 140,521
Cash flows from investing activities:       
Investments in real estate (2,357,570) (532,527)(11,887) (2,202,815)
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture (68,839) 

 (68,839)
Development of real estate (19,163) 
(23,861) (348)
Proceeds from the sale of real estate 4,746
 23,368

 4,746
Capital expenditures (42,990) (34,064)(34,110) (26,022)
Restricted cash, escrow deposits and other assets (3,655) 2,143
Collection of real estate notes receivable347
 
Net cash used in investing activities (2,487,471) (541,080)(69,511) (2,293,278)
Cash flows from financing activities:       
Borrowings on unsecured revolving credit facility 515,000
 513,000
85,000
 305,000
Payments on unsecured revolving credit facility (528,000) (704,000)(85,000) (393,000)
Proceeds from unsecured senior notes 900,000
 347,725

 900,000
Borrowings on unsecured term loans 
 200,000
Payments on unsecured term loans 
 (155,000)
Payments on secured mortgage loans (75,444) (98,453)(99,218) (74,319)
Deferred financing costs (16,902) (3,039)
 (9,400)
Debt extinguishment costs (10,391) 

 (10,391)
Security deposits 1,932
 862
222
 1,964
Proceeds from issuance of general partner units 1,624,222
 418,891
72,814
 1,624,222
Repurchase and cancellation of general partner units (3,413) (2,425)(11,553) (3,339)
Distributions paid to general partner (145,877) (116,655)(125,128) (85,683)
Distributions paid to limited partners and redeemable noncontrolling interests (4,019) (2,724)(2,689) (2,722)
Redemption of redeemable noncontrolling interest 
 (491)
Net cash provided by financing activities 2,257,108
 397,691
Net change in cash and cash equivalents (1,821) 4,868
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period 11,231
 13,070
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period $9,410
 $17,938
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(165,552) 2,252,332
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(78,955) 99,575
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - beginning of period118,560
 25,045
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - end of period$39,605
 $124,620
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA, INC. AND HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA HOLDINGS, LP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise the use of the words “we,” “us” or “our” refers to Healthcare Trust of America, Inc. and Healthcare Trust of America Holdings, LP, collectively.
1. Organization and Description of Business
HTA, a Maryland corporation, and HTALP, a Delaware limited partnership, were incorporated or formed, as applicable, on April 20, 2006. HTA operates as a REIT and is the general partner of HTALP, which is the operating partnership. As of September 30, 2017, HTA owned a 98.0% partnership, interest and other limited partners, including some of our directors, executive officers and their affiliates, owned the remaining partnership interest (including the LTIP Units) in HTALP. As the sole general partner of HTALP, HTA has the full, exclusive and complete responsibility for HTALP’s day-to-day management and control. HTA operates in an umbrella partnership, or “UPREIT” structure. HTA has qualified and intends to continue to be taxed as a REIT structure in which HTALP and its subsidiaries hold substantially allfor federal income tax purposes under the applicable sections of the assets. HTA’s only material asset is its ownership of partnership interests of HTALP. As a result, HTA does not conduct business itself, other than acting as the sole general partner of HTALP, issuing public equity from time to time and guaranteeing certain debts of HTALP. HTALP conducts the operations of the business and issues publicly-traded debt, but has no publicly-traded equity.Internal Revenue Code.
HTA is the largest publicly-traded REIT focused onWe own real estate primarily consisting of medical office buildings (“MOBs”) located on or adjacent to hospital campuses or in off-campus, community core outpatient locations across 33 states within the U.S. as measured by the gross leasable area (“GLA”)United States, and we lease space to tenants primarily consisting of our MOBs. HTA conductshealth systems, research and academic institutions, and various sized physician practices.  We generate substantially all of its operations through HTALP. We invest in MOBs that we believe will serve the future of healthcare delivery,our revenues from rents and MOBs that are primarily located on health system campuses, near university medical centers, or in core community outpatient locations. We also focus on our key markets that have certain demographicrental-related activities, such as property and macro-economic trends and where we can utilize our institutional propertyfacilities management and leasing platformother incidental revenues related to generate strong tenant relationships and operating cost efficiencies. the operation of real estate. 
Our primary objective is to maximize stockholder value with disciplined growth through strategic investments that provide an attractive risk-adjusted return for our stockholders by consistently increasing our cash flow. In pursuing this objective, we: (i) seek internal growth through proactive asset management, leasing, building services and property management oversight; (ii) target accretive acquisitions and developments of MOBs in markets with attractive demographics that complement our existing portfolio; and (iii) actively manage our balance sheet to maintain flexibility with conservative leverage. Additionally, from time to time we consider, on an opportunistic basis, significant portfolio acquisitions that we believe fit our core business and couldwe expect to enhance our existing portfolio. HTA has qualified to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes and intends to continue to be taxed as a REIT.
Since 2006, we have invested $7.0 billion to create a portfolio of MOBs and other healthcare assets consisting of approximately 24.2 million square feet of GLA throughout the U.S. As of September 30, 2017, our portfolio included $2.24 billion of investments, net of development credits received at closing, in connection with our acquisition of the Duke MOB business (the “Duke Acquisition”), which includes a 50% ownership interest in an unconsolidated joint venture for $68.8 million as of the date of acquisition. Our only remaining obligations related to the Duke Acquisition are the potential acquisition of a land parcel in Miami, FL and a single property in Texas that are each currently excluded from our purchase obligations due to current outstanding physical condition issues.
As of September 30, 2017, approximately 96% of our portfolio, based on GLA, was located on the campuses of, or aligned with, nationally or regionally recognized healthcare systems. Our portfolio is diversified geographically across 33 states, with no state having more than 19% of our total GLA as of September 30, 2017. We are concentrated in 20 to 25 key markets that are experiencing higher economic and demographic trends than other markets, on average, that we expect will drive demand for MOBs. Approximately 92% of our portfolio, based on GLA, is located in the top 75 metropolitan statistical areas (“MSAs”) with Atlanta, Boston, Dallas, Houston and Tampa being our largest markets by investment.
Our principal executive office is located at 16435 North Scottsdale Road, Suite 320, Scottsdale, Arizona, 85254.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The summary of significant accounting policies presented below is designed to assist in understanding our condensed consolidated financial statements. Such condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes are the representations of our management, who are responsible for their integrity and objectivity. These accounting policies conform to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”) in all material respects and have been consistently applied in preparing our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
Basis of Presentation
Our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our subsidiaries and any consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”). All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA, INC. AND HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA HOLDINGS, LP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

Interim Unaudited Financial Data
Our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by us in accordance with GAAP in conjunction with the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and footnote disclosures required for annual financial statements have been condensed or excluded pursuant to SEC rules and regulations. Accordingly, our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are, in our opinion, of a normal recurring nature and necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods. Interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year; such results may be less favorable for the full year. Our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our 20162017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA, INC. AND HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA HOLDINGS, LP NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

Principles of Consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our subsidiaries and consolidated joint venture arrangements. The portions of the HTALP operating partnership not owned by us are presented as non-controlling interests in our consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations, consolidated statements of comprehensive income or loss, consolidated statements of equity, and consolidated statements of changes in partners’ capital. The portions of other joint venture arrangements not owned by us are presented as redeemable non-controlling interests in ouron the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. In addition, as described in Note 1 - Organization and Description of Business, certain third parties have been issued OP Units in HTALP. Holders of OP Units are considered to be noncontrolling interest holders in HTALP and their ownership interests are reflected as equity inon the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Further, a portion of the earnings and losses of HTALP are allocated to noncontrolling interest holders based on their respective ownership percentages. Upon conversion of OP Units to common stock, any difference between the fair value of the common stock issued and the carrying value of the OP Units converted to common stock is recorded as a component of equity. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, there were approximately 4.13.9 million and 4.34.1 million, respectively, of OP Units issued and outstanding.
VIEs are entities where investors lack sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or where equity investors, as a group, lack one of the following: (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance; (ii) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity; and (iii) the right to receive the expected returns of the entity. We consolidate our investment in VIEs when we determine that we are the primary beneficiary. A primary beneficiary is one that has both: (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impacts the entity’s economic performance; and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could be significant to the entity. The HTALP operating partnership and our other joint venture arrangements are VIEs because the limited partners in those partnerships, although entitled to vote on certain matters, do not possess kick-out rights or substantive participating rights. Additionally, we determined that we are the primary beneficiary of our VIEs. Accordingly, we consolidate our interests in the HTALP operating partnership and in our other joint venture arrangements. However, because we hold what is deemed a majority voting interest in the HTALP operating partnership and our other joint venture arrangements, it qualifies for the exemption from providing certain disclosure requirements associated with investments in VIEs. We will evaluate on an ongoing basis the need to consolidate entities based on the standards set forth in GAAP as described above.
Reclassification
In November 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-18 Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash. ASU 2016-18 requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of period and end of period amounts shown on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. We adopted ASU 2016-18 in the fourth quarter of 2017, as set forth in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K as of January1, 2017, and as a result of the adoption, the guidance requires retrospective adoption for all periods presented. The following table represents the previously reported balances and the reclassified balances for the impacted items for the six months ended June 30, 2017 in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):
 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 As Previously Reported As Reclassified
Cash flows from investing activities:   
        Other assets (1)
$(19,362) $
               Net cash used in investing activities(2,312,640) (2,293,278)
    
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (2)
$80,213
 $99,575
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - beginning of period (2)
11,231
 25,045
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - end of period (2)
$91,444
 $124,620
    
(1) Prior to adoption of ASU 2016-18, the line item description was “Restricted cash, escrow deposits and other assets”.
(2) With the adoption of ASU 2016-18, the line item description now includes restricted cash.

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Assets Held for Sale
We consider properties as held for sale once management commits to a plan to sell the property and has determined that the sale is probable and expected to occur within one year. Upon designation as held for sale, we record the property at the lower of its carrying amount or fair value, less costs to sell, and cease depreciation and amortization. Assets and liabilities of properties sold or classified as held for sale are separately identified on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 4 - Assets Held for Sale for more detail on assets held for sale.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents consist of all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased. Restricted cash is comprised of reserve accounts for property taxes, insurance, capital improvements and tenant improvements as well as collateral accounts for debt and interest rate swaps and deposits for future investments.
With our adoption of ASU 2016-18 in the fourth quarter of 2017, as set forth in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K as of January 1, 2017, the following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets to the combined amounts shown on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):
 June 30,
 2018 2017
Cash and cash equivalents$26,191
 $91,444
Restricted cash13,414
 33,176
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$39,605
 $124,620
Revenue Recognition
Minimum annual rental revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease (including rent holidays). Differences between rental income recognized and amounts contractually due under the lease agreements are recorded as straight-line rent receivables. Tenant reimbursement revenue, which is comprised of additional amounts recoverable from tenants for real estate taxes, common area maintenance and other certain operating expenses are recognized as revenue on a gross basis in the period in which the related recoverable expenses are incurred.  We accrue revenue corresponding to these expenses on a quarterly basis to adjust recorded amounts to our best estimate of the final annual amounts to be billed. Subsequent to year-end, on a calendar year basis, we perform reconciliations on a lease-by-lease basis and bill or credit each tenant for any differences between the estimated expenses we billed and the actual expenses that were incurred. We recognize lease termination fees when there is a signed termination letter agreement, all of the conditions of the agreement have been met, and the tenant is no longer occupying the property. Rental income is reported net of amortization of inducements.
Effective January 1, 2018, with the adoption of Topic 606 and corresponding amendments, the revenue recognition process will be based on a five-step model to account for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition guidance. Topic 606 requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. We have identified all of our revenue streams and we have concluded that rental income from leasing arrangements represents a substantial portion of our revenue and, therefore, is specifically excluded from Topic 606 and will be governed and evaluated with the anticipated adoption of Topic 842. The other revenue stream identified as impacting Topic 606 is concentrated in the recognition of real estate sales and this component does not have a material impact on our financial statements. For more detailed information on Topic 606 see “Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Pronouncements” below.
Investments in Real Estate
Depreciation expense of buildings and improvements for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $50.6 million and $39.0 million, respectively. Depreciation expense of buildings and improvements for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, was $101.3 million and $71.7 million, respectively.


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Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
We account for our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures using the equity method of accounting because we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the financial and operational policy decisions of the investments. Using the equity method of accounting, the initial investment is recognized at cost and subsequently adjusted for our share of the net income or loss and any distributions from the joint venture. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we had a 50% interest in one such investment with a carrying value and maximum exposure to risk of $68.3$67.9 million, which is recorded in investment in unconsolidated joint venture in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. We record our share of net income (loss) in income (loss) from unconsolidated joint venture in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018, we recognized income of $0.4 million and $1.0 million from our unconsolidated joint venture, respectively. Our unconsolidated joint venture was acquired during the second quarter of 2017 and for the three months ended June 30, 2017 we recognized income of $318,000 and $381,000, respectively, from our unconsolidated joint venture.
Investments in Real Estate
Depreciation expense of buildings and improvements for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $49.8 million and $31.1 million, respectively. Depreciation expense of buildings and improvements for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $121.5 million and $86.6 million, respectively.

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$63,000.
Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
The following table provides a brief description of recently adopted accounting pronouncements:    
Accounting PronouncementDescriptionEffective DateEffect on financial statements
ASU 2017-01
Business Combinations:
Clarifying the Definition of a Business
(Issued January 2017)
ASU 2017-01 clarifies the definition of a business by adding guidance to assist entities evaluate whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting, including, but not limited to, acquisitions, disposals, goodwill and consolidation.ASU 2017-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted.We adopted ASU 2017-01 as of January 1, 2017 on a prospective basis. We expect that the majority of our future investments in real estate will be accounted for as asset acquisitions under ASU 2017-01. The adoption of ASU 2017-01 will impact how we account for acquisition-related expenses and contingent consideration, which may result in lower acquisition-related expenses and eliminate fair value adjustments related to future contingent consideration arrangements.
The following table provides a brief description of recently issued accounting pronouncements:
Accounting Pronouncement Description Effective Date Effect on financial statements
Topic 606; collectively, ASU 2014-09, 2015-14, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-11, ASU 2016-12, ASU 2016-20, ASU 2017-05, ASU 2017-10, ASU 2017-13 and ASU 2017-14
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
(Issued May 2014)2014, August 2015, March 2016, April 2016, May 2016, December 2016, February 2017, May 2017, September 2017 and November 2017)
 
ASU 2014-09In May 2014, the FASB issued Topic 606. The objective of Topic 606 is to establish a comprehensive new five-step model requiring a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration (i.e., payment) to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Expanded quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding revenue recognition will be required for contracts that are subject to Topic 606. Topic 606 does not apply to revenue from lease contracts until the adoption of the new leases standard in ASU 2014-09. 2016-02, in January 2019.

ASU 2017-05 applies to all nonfinancial assets (including real estate) for which the counterparty is not a customer and requires an entity to derecognize a nonfinancial asset in a partial sale transaction when it ceases to have a controlling financial interest in the asset and has transferred control of the asset. Once an entity transfers control of the nonfinancial asset, the entity is required to measure any noncontrolling interest it receives or retains at fair value. Under the current guidance, a partial sale is recognized and carryover basis is used for the retained interest resulting in only partial gain recognition by the entity, however, the new guidance eliminates the use of carryover basis and generally requires the full gain to be recognized.

In adopting ASU 2014-09,Topic 606, companies may use either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach.

 
In August 2015, the FASB deferred theTopic 606 is effective date of ASU 2014-09 to the first interim period within annual reporting periodsfor fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 along with the right of early adoption as of the original effective date.

 
We haveadopted Topic 606 effective January 1, 2018 to all open contracts using the modified retrospective approach.
As part of the adoption, we identified all of our revenue streams and concluded rental incomethat revenues from leasing arrangements represents a substantial portionrepresented substantially all of our revenue and is specificallygenerally excluded from ASU 2014-09 andthe scope of Topic 606. Rather, rental revenue, including any executory type costs, will be governed and evaluated with the anticipated adoption of ASU 2016-02Topic 842 as described below. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-02, ASU 2014-09 may apply to executory costs and other components of revenue dueIn addition, under leases that are deemed to be non-lease components (such as common area maintenance and other reimbursement revenue), even when the revenue for such activities is not separately stipulated in the lease. In that case, the revenue from these items previously recognized on a straight-line basis under the current lease guidance would be recognized under the new revenue guidance as the related services are delivered. As a result, while total revenue recognized over time would not differ under the new guidance, the recognition pattern would be different. Under ASU 2014-09,Topic 606, revenue recognition for real estate sales is largelywill be substantially based on thea principles-based approach to determine whether there has been transfer of control versus continuing involvement under the current guidance. Upon adoption, there willThere have not be abeen, nor do we anticipate, any reclassifications or material impactimpacts on our consolidated financial statements since we have historically disposedas a result of the majority of our properties with no future controls or contingencies. We will adopt ASU 2014-09 effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach.this adoption.

ASU 2016-02
2017-09
Leases
Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Clarifying the Scope of Modification
(Issued February 2016)May 2017)
 ASU 2017-09 amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements and provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms and conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting under ASC 718.ASU 2017-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted.
We adopted ASU 2017-09 as of January 1, 2018. There have not been, nor do we anticipate, any reclassifications or material impacts on our consolidated financial statements as a result of this adoption.

ASU 2017-12
Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities (Issued August 2017)
ASU 2017-12 expands and refines hedge accounting for both financial (e.g., interest rate) and non-financial risk components, aligns the recognition and presentation of the effects of hedging instruments and hedge items in the financial statements, and includes certain targeted improvements to ease the application of current guidance related to the assessment of hedge effectiveness.ASU 2017-12 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted.
We adopted ASU 2017-12 as of January 1, 2018. Using the modified retrospective approach, the cumulative effect of the ineffectiveness for the year ended December 31, 2017 was immaterial; therefore, no adjustment was made to beginning retained earnings.  Additionally, as a result of the adoption, we no longer disclose the ineffective portion of the change in fair value of our derivative financial instruments. The entire change in the fair value of the hedging instruments included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness will now be recorded in other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified to interest expense in the period the hedging instrument affects earnings.

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The following table provides a brief description of recently issued accounting pronouncements:
Accounting PronouncementDescriptionEffective DateEffect on financial statements
Topic 842; collectively ASU 2016-02, 2018-01 and 2018-11 Leases (Issued February 2016, January 2018 and July 2018)
In February 2016, the FASB issued Topic 842. Topic 842 will supersede the existing guidance for lease accounting and states that companies will be required to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02Topic 842 requires qualitative and quantitative disclosures to supplement the amounts recorded in the financial statements so that users can understand the nature of the entity’s leasing activities, including significant judgments and changes in judgments.

ASU 2018-01 provides an optional transition practical expedient to not evaluate under Topic 842 existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under the current lease guidance in Topic 840.  An entity that elects this practical expedient should evaluate new or modified land easements under Topic 842 beginning at the date the entity adopts Topic 842; otherwise, an entity should evaluate all existing or expired land easements in connection with the adoption of the new lease requirements in Topic 842 to assess whether they meet the definition of a lease. 

Within ASU 2016-02Topic 842, lessor accounting remained fairly unchanged. In adopting ASU 2016-02,Topic 842, companies will be required to either use a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements.statements or with the adoption of ASU 2018-11, an optional transition method whereby an entity initially applies the new lease standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption.
 ASU 2016-02Topic 842 is effective for the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted.
 
We are still evaluating the full impact of ASU 2016-02 on our consolidated financial statements, however, we will adopt ASU 2016-02the provisions of Topic 842 as of January 1, 2019 and2019. We anticipate that we will elect a(a) the practical expedient offered in ASU 2016-02 that allows an entity to not reassess the following upon adoption (elected as a group): (i) whether an expired or existing contract contains a lease arrangement;arrangement, (ii) lease classification related to expired or existing lease arrangements;arrangements, or (iii) whether costs incurred on expired or existing leases qualify as initial direct costs. costs, and (b) as part of ASU 2018-11, the practical expedient to not separate certain non-lease components, such as common area maintenance from lease revenue if (i) the timing and pattern of revenue recognition are the same for the non-lease component, and (ii) the related lease component and the combined single lease component would be classified as an operating lease.

As a resultpart of the adoption, all new or amended leases for which we are the lessee, including corporate and ground leases that are entered into on or after January 1, 2019,and certain other corporate leases, will be recorded onin our consolidated financial statements as either financing leases or operating leases with a relatedcorresponding right of use assetassets and lease liability. In addition,liability obligations. Management has commenced the reevaluation of all leases where we expectare the lessee to determine (a) the total future lease payments, including an assessment of the availability and likelihood of our exercising extension options available to us under the terms of the respective leases, (b) an appropriate incremental borrowing rate in light of the extended term of our ground leases, and (c) an abstract of all applicable lease provisions that certain executory and non-lease components, such as common area maintenance, will needmay cause the treatment of these leases to be accounted for separately fromclassified differently under ASC 842 than what they are currently being classified as under current accounting guidance. We anticipate that our assessment will be concluded by December 31, 2018 and that we will have evaluated all leases sufficiently to provide a range of potential impact to our financial statements.

Further, with respect to initial direct costs, we are currently assessing the projected impact to the accounting of such costs, including the impact of potential changes to our use of internal and external leasing and leasing-related personnel, potential changes in compensation structures to such individuals, and other considerations of related costs that could have an impact to our financial statements. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, we have capitalized approximately $2.2 million of internal initial direct costs (as defined by the current lease componentstandard, ASC 840 - Leases). Upon the adoption of Topic 842, these internal initial direct costs will either in part or in their entirety be classified as selling or general and administrative costs on our consolidated results of operations, depending on the finalization of our assessment of the lease. Lease components will continue to be recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and certain non-lease components will be accounted for under the new revenue recognition guidance in ASU 2014-09 as mentioned above.
impact of such adoption.

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Accounting PronouncementDescriptionEffective DateEffect on financial statements
ASU 2016-13
Financial Instruments Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
(Issued June 2016)
 ASU 2016-13 is intended to improve financial reporting by requiring more timely recognition of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments that are not accounted for at fair value through net income, including loans held for investment, held-to-maturity debt securities, trade and other receivables, net investment in leases and other such commitments. ASU 2016-13 requires that financial statement assets measured at an amortized cost be presented at the net amount expected to be collected through an allowance for credit losses that is deducted from the amortized cost basis.
 ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted.
 We do not anticipate early adoption or there to be a material impact, however, we are evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 on our consolidated financial statements.


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ASU 2016-15
Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments
(Issued August 2016)
Accounting Pronouncement ASU 2016-15 clarifies the guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows to reduce diversity in practice with respect to: (i) debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; (ii) settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing; (iii) contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; (iv) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; (v) proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance policies; (vi) distributions received from equity method investees; (vii) beneficial interests in securitization transactions; and (viii) separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle.Description ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted.
Effective Date
 We will adopt ASU 2016-15 during the fourth quarter of 2017 and apply the standard retrospectively for all periods presented. We will reclass cash payments related to debt prepayment and extinguishment costs from operating activities to financing activities. BasedEffect on our initial assessment the other listed provisions will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related notes resulting from the adoption of this standard.
ASU 2016-182018-07
Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash
(Issued November 2016)
ASU 2016-18 requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows.
ASU 2016-18 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted.
We will adopt ASU 2016-18 during the fourth quarter of 2017 and apply the standard retrospectively for all periods presented. Restricted cash and escrow deposits consist primarily of cash escrowed for real estate acquisitions, real estate taxes, property insurance and capital improvements. We will provide a reconciliation of the changes in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and escrow deposits within our consolidated balance sheets to the consolidated statement of cash flows.
ASU 2017-05
Other Income: Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets
(Issued February 2017)
ASU 2017-05 defines an in-substance nonfinancial asset, unifies guidance related to partial sales of nonfinancial assets, eliminates rules specifically addressing the sales of real estate, removes exception to the financial asset derecognition model and clarifies the accounting for contributions of nonfinancial assets to joint ventures.ASU 2017-05 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted.We will adopt ASU 2017-05 as of January 1, 2018. We do not anticipate there to be a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, as we currently do not have this type of income. However, going forward we will continue to monitor any future impact.
ASU 2017-09
Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Clarifying the Scope of Modification Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting
(Issued May 2017)June 2018)
 ASU 2017-09 amends2018-07 expands the scope of modification accounting forTopic 718 and the amendments specify that Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment arrangements and provides guidance on the types of changestransactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. The amendments also clarify that Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (i) financing to the terms and conditionsissuer or (ii) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accountinga contract accounted for under ASC 718.Topic 606. ASU 2017-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted.We will adopt ASU 2017-09 as of January 1, 2018. We do not anticipate there to be a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2017-12
Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities (Issued August 2017)
ASU 2017-12 expands and refines hedge accounting for both financial (e.g., interest rate) and non-financial risk components, aligns the recognition and presentation of the effects of hedging instruments and hedge items in the financial statements, and includes certain targeted improvements to ease the application of current guidance related to the assessment of hedge effectiveness.ASU 2017-122018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted.permitted, but not earlier than an entity’s
adoption date of Topic 606.
 We will adopt ASU 2018-07 as of January 1, 2019. We do not anticipate early adoption, however, we are evaluating theexpect there to be a material impact of adopting ASU 2017-12 onto our consolidated financial statements.statements and related notes.

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3. Investments in Real Estate
Our investments, includingFor the Duke Acquisition, brings our total investments for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017, to2018, our investments had an aggregate purchase price of $2.7 billion.$12.3 million. As part of these investments, we incurred $17.2 million$65,000 of costs attributable to these investments, which were capitalized in accordance with the adoption of ASU 2017-01 during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. In addition, as part of an acquisition, we issued 20,687 OP Units with a market value at the time of issuance of $0.6 million.
costs. The allocations for these investments, in which we own a controlling financial interest, are set forth below in the aggregate for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively (in thousands):
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016
Land$93,064
 $77,949
Building and improvements2,336,544
 505,138
In place leases187,890
 50,997
Below market leases(27,817) (12,790)
Above market leases11,718
 4,413
Below market leasehold interests54,252
 4,188
Above market leasehold interests(8,978) (50)
Below market debt
 360
Interest rate swaps
 (779)
Net assets acquired2,646,673
 629,426
Other, net (1)
60,781
 3,540
Aggregate purchase price$2,707,454
 $632,966
    
(1) For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, other, net, consisted primarily of capital expenditures and tenant improvements received as credits at the time of acquisition.
Subsequent to September 30, 2017, we completed an investment with a purchase price of $8.3 million. As part of the acquisition, we issued to the seller as a part of the acquisition consideration a total of 16,972 OP Units with a market value at the time of issuance of $0.5 million. The purchase price of this investment was subject to certain post-closing adjustments. Due to the recent timing of this investment, we have not yet completed our purchase price allocation with respect to this investment and, therefore, we cannot provide disclosures at this time similar to those set forth above in Note 3 - Investments in Real Estate to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017
Land$1,084
 $73,560
Building and improvements10,280
 2,225,012
In place leases662
 172,620
Below market leases(139) (27,529)
Above market leases
 11,098
Below market leasehold interests
 53,722
Above market leasehold interests
 (16,564)
Net assets acquired11,887
 2,491,919
Other, net (1)
447
 54,196
Aggregate purchase price$12,334
 $2,546,115
    
(1) For the six months ended June 30, 2017, other, net, consisted primarily of capital expenditures and tenant improvements received as credits at the time of acquisition.
The acquired intangible assets and liabilities referenced above had weighted average lives of the following terms for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively (in years):
Nine Months Ended September 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 20162018 2017
Acquired intangible assets20.6 9.18.1 22.4
Acquired intangible liabilities19.9 8.38.1 21.6


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4. Assets Held for Sale
As of June 30, 2018, we classified one of our properties as held for sale as we recommended and our Board of Directors committed to an approved plan to seek to dispose of the property. Subsequent to June 30, 2018, the held for sale property was sold for a gross sales price of $9.3 million. As of December 31, 2017, there were no properties held for sale. The following table represents the major classes of assets and liabilities, and the balance sheet classification as of June 30, 2018 (in thousands):
 June 30, 2018
Buildings and improvements$9,563
In place leases1,859
 11,422
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(5,032)
Real estate assets held for sale, net6,390
Receivables and other assets, net526
Assets held for sale, net$6,916
  
Security deposits, prepaid rent & other liabilities$161
Liabilities of assets held for sale$161
4.5. Impairment and Dispositions
During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018, we recorded impairment charges of $4.6 million on two MOBs located in Texas and South Carolina with an aggregate value of $13.0 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we completed the disposition of an MOB located in Texas for a gross sales price of $5.0 million representing approximately 48,000 square feet of GLA.gross leasable area (“GLA”). In addition, during the ninethree months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017, we recorded impairment charges of $5.1 million related to one MOB located in Massachusetts. During the nine months ended September
Subsequent to June 30, 2016,2018, we completedentered into an agreement to sell a dispositionportfolio of four senior care facilitiesMOBs affiliated with Greenville Health System for an aggregate$285.0 million. The portfolio consists of 16 MOBs totaling approximately 856,000 square feet of GLA located in Greenville, South Carolina. This transaction is subject to customary closing conditions and no closings are assured. In addition, we closed one MOB subsequent to June 30, 2018, for a gross sales price of $26.5 million. During the nine months ended September$9.3 million which was classified as held for sale as of June 30, 2016, we recorded no impairment charges.2018. See Note 4 - Assets Held for Sale for more detail.

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5.6. Intangible Assets and Liabilities
Intangible assets and liabilities consisted of the following as of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively (in thousands, except weighted average remaining amortization)amortization terms):
September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Balance 
Weighted Average Remaining
Amortization in Years
 Balance 
Weighted Average Remaining
Amortization in Years
Balance 
Weighted Average Remaining
Amortization in Years
 Balance 
Weighted Average Remaining
Amortization in Years
Assets:        
In place leases$478,052
 9.7 $294,597
 9.7$471,268
 9.7 $474,252
 9.8
Tenant relationships170,539
 10.7 172,974
 10.6162,670
 10.3 164,947
 10.2
Above market leases39,724
 6.3 28,401
 6.339,187
 6.2 40,082
 6.3
Below market leasehold interests92,362
 63.4 38,136
 60.492,362
 64.6 92,362
 63.4
780,677
 534,108
 765,487
 771,643
 
Accumulated amortization(299,398) (256,305) (344,214) (312,655) 
Total$481,279
 19.2 $277,803
 16.1$421,273
 20.9 $458,988
 19.5
        
Liabilities:        
Below market leases$61,788
 14.7 $34,370
 18.6$61,952
 14.5 $61,820
 14.7
Above market leasehold interests20,610
 50.3 11,632
 53.020,610
 49.7 20,610
 50.1
82,398
 46,002
 82,562
 82,430
 
Accumulated amortization(12,546) (8,946) (17,598) (14,227) 
Total$69,852
 24.9 $37,056
 28.5$64,964
 24.9 $68,203
 25.0
The following is a summary of the net intangible amortization for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Amortization recorded against rental income related to above and (below) market leases$(108) $(115) $(371) $202
$(246) $(40) $(308) $(263)
Rental expense related to above and (below) market leasehold interests322
 118
 617
 321
286
 166
 563
 295
Amortization expense related to in place leases and tenant relationships18,757
 15,266
 45,944
 39,483
16,677
 14,457
 34,325
 27,187
6.7. Receivables and Other Assets
Receivables and other assets consisted of the following as of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively (in thousands):
September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Tenant receivables, net$14,417
 $8,722
$16,606
 $20,269
Other receivables, net10,161
 9,233
15,159
 9,305
Deferred financing costs, net8,190
 4,198
6,897
 7,759
Deferred leasing costs, net23,794
 20,811
27,846
 25,494
Straight-line rent receivables, net83,133
 74,052
93,176
 85,143
Prepaid expenses, deposits, equipment and other, net65,383
 55,904
53,567
 58,358
Derivative financial instruments - interest rate swaps952
 541
1,999
 1,529
Total$206,030
 $173,461
$215,250
 $207,857

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

The following is a summary of the amortization of deferred leasing costs and financing costs for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018, and 2016,2017, respectively (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Amortization expense related to deferred leasing costs$1,445
 $1,224
 $4,179
 $3,368
$1,303
 $1,472
 $2,809
 $2,734
Interest expense related to deferred financing costs398
 331
 1,061
 994
431
 332
 862
 663
7.8. Debt
Debt consisted of the following as of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively (in thousands):
September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Unsecured revolving credit facility$75,000
 $88,000
$
 $
Unsecured term loans500,000
 500,000
500,000
 500,000
Unsecured senior notes1,850,000
 950,000
1,850,000
 1,850,000
Fixed rate mortgages loans415,853
 204,562
315,823
 414,524
Variable rate mortgages loans38,169
 38,904
37,402
 37,918
2,879,022
 1,781,466
2,703,225
 2,802,442
Deferred financing costs, net(16,552) (9,527)(14,440) (15,850)
Discount, net(5,712) (3,034)(5,254) (5,561)
Total$2,856,758
 $1,768,905
$2,683,531
 $2,781,031
Unsecured Credit Agreement
Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility due 2022
On July 27,In 2017, HTALP entered into an amended and restated $1.3 billion unsecured credit agreement (the “Unsecured Credit Agreement”) which increased the amount available under the unsecured revolving credit facility to $1.0 billion and extended the maturities of the unsecured revolving credit facility to June 30, 2022 and for the $300.0 million unsecured term loan referenced below until February 1, 2023. The maximum principal amount of the Unsecured Credit Agreement may be increased by up to $750.0 million, subject to certain conditions, for a total principal amount of $2.05 billion.
Borrowings under the unsecured revolving credit facility accrue interest at a rate equal to adjusted LIBOR, plus a margin ranging from 0.83% to 1.55% per annum based on our credit rating. We also pay a facility fee ranging from 0.13% to 0.30% per annum on the aggregate commitments under the unsecured revolving credit facility. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018, the margin associated with our borrowings was 1.00% per annum and the facility fee was 0.20% per annum.
Unsecured Term Loan due 2023
On July 27,In 2017, we entered into an amended and restated Unsecured Credit Agreement as noted above. As part of this agreement, we obtained a $300.0 million unsecured term loan that was guaranteed by us with a maturity date of February 1, 2023. Borrowings under this unsecured term loan accrue interest equal to adjusted LIBOR, plus a margin ranging from 0.90% to 1.75% per annum based on our credit rating. The margin associated with our borrowings as of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 was 1.10% per annum. Including the impact of the interest rate swaps associated with our unsecured term loan, the interest rate was 2.40%3.28% per annum, based on our current credit rating. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, HTALP had $300.0 million under this unsecured term loan outstanding.
Bridge Loan Facility
In connection with the Duke Acquisition, in May 2017, we entered into a senior unsecured bridge loan facility (the “Bridge Loan Facility”) which provided to us up to $2.47 billion, less the aggregate amount of net proceeds from debt or equity capital raises or a senior term loan facility. The Bridge Loan Facility was made available to us on the closing of the Duke Acquisition and was scheduled to mature 364 days from the closing. In June 2017, we terminated the Bridge Loan Facility and no proceeds were used because we elected to fund the Duke Acquisition through other equity and debt offerings. In connection with the execution and subsequent termination of the Bridge Loan Facility, we incurred $10.4 million in related fees, which we recorded in income (loss) on extinguishment of debt in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

$200.0 Million Unsecured Term Loan due 2023
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, HTALP had a $200.0 million unsecured term loan outstanding, which matures on September 26, 2023. Borrowings under the unsecured term loan accrue interest at a rate equal to LIBOR, plus a margin ranging from 1.50% to 2.45% per annum based on our credit rating. The margin associated with our borrowings as of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 was 1.65% per annum. HTALP had interest rate swaps in place that fixed the interest rate at 2.93%3.27% per annum, based on our current credit rating.

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Subsequent to June 30, 2018, HTALP entered into a modification of our $200.0 million unsecured term loan due in 2023. The modification decreased pricing at our current credit rating by 65 basis points from LIBOR plus 165 basis points to LIBOR plus 100 basis points. The maturity date was also extended by five months to January 2024. The other material terms of the unsecured term loan prior to the modification remained substantially unchanged.
$300.0 Million Unsecured Senior Notes due 2021
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, HTALP had $300.0 million of unsecured senior notes outstanding that are guaranteed by us. These unsecured senior notes are registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), bear interest at 3.38% per annum and are payable semi-annually. Additionally, these unsecured senior notes were offered at 99.21% of the principal amount thereof, with an effective yield to maturity of 3.50% per annum. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, HTALP had $300.0 million of these unsecured senior notes outstanding that mature on July 15, 2021.
$400.0 Million Unsecured Senior Notes due 2022
In June 2017, in connection with the Duke Acquisition and the $500.0 million unsecured senior notes due 2027 referenced below, HTALP issued $400.0 million of unsecured senior notes that are guaranteed by us. These unsecured senior notes are registered under the Securities Act, bear interest at 2.95% per annum and are payable semi-annually. Additionally, these unsecured senior notes were offered at 99.94% of the principal amount thereof, with an effective yield to maturity of 2.96% per annum. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, HTALP had $400.0 million of these unsecured senior notes outstanding that mature on July 1, 2022.
$300.0 Million Unsecured Senior Notes due 2023
As of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018, HTALP had $300.0 million of unsecured senior notes outstanding that are guaranteed by us. These unsecured senior notes are registered under the Securities Act, bear interest at 3.70% per annum and are payable semi-annually. Additionally, these unsecured senior notes were offered at 99.19% of the principal amount thereof, with an effective yield to maturity of 3.80% per annum. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, HTALP had $300.0 million of these unsecured senior notes outstanding that mature on April 15, 2023.
$350.0 Million Unsecured Senior Notes due 2026
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, HTALP had $350.0 million of unsecured senior notes outstanding that are guaranteed by us. These unsecured senior notes are registered under the Securities Act, bear interest at 3.50% per annum and are payable semi-annually. Additionally, these unsecured senior notes were offered at 99.72% of the principal amount thereof, with an effective yield to maturity of 3.53% per annum. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, HTALP had $350.0 million of these unsecured senior notes outstanding that mature on August 1, 2026.
$500.0 Million Unsecured Senior Notes due 2027
In June 2017, in connection with the Duke Acquisition and the $400.0 million unsecured senior notes due 2022 referenced above, HTALP issued $500.0 million of unsecured senior notes that are guaranteed by us. These unsecured senior notes are registered under the Securities Act, bear interest at 3.75% per annum and are payable semi-annually. Additionally, these unsecured senior notes were offered at 99.49% of the principal amount thereof, with an effective yield to maturity of 3.81% per annum. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, HTALP had $500.0 million of these unsecured senior notes outstanding that mature on July 1, 2027.
Fixed and Variable Rate Mortgages
In June 2017, as part of the Duke Acquisition, we were required by the seller under the Duke acquisition to execute, as the borrower, for a part of the purchase price a senior secured first lien loan, subject to customary non-recourse carve-outs, a promissory note (the “Promissory Note”) in the amount of $286.0 million (the “Promissory Note”).million. The Promissory Note bears interest at 4.0% per annum and is payable in three equal payments maturing on January 10, 2020 and is guaranteed by us. In June 2018, the first installment of $96.0 million was paid and as of June 30, 2018 the outstanding balance was $190.0 million.
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, HTALP and its subsidiaries had fixed and variable rate mortgagesmortgage loans with interest rates ranging from 2.70%2.85% to 6.39% per annum and a weighted average interest rate of 4.31%4.40% per annum. Including the impact of the interest rate swap associated with our variable rate mortgages, the weighted average interest rate was 4.46%4.50% per annum.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

Future Debt Maturities
The following table summarizes the debt maturities and scheduled principal repayments of our indebtedness as of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 (in thousands):
Year Amount Amount
Remainder of 2017 $1,166
2018 100,827
 $3,296
2019 105,940
 107,676
2020 144,892
 146,678
2021 303,933
 305,772
2022 463,063
Thereafter 2,222,264
 1,676,740
Total $2,879,022
 $2,703,225
Deferred Financing Costs
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the future amortization of our deferred financing costs is as follows (in thousands):
Year Amount Amount
Remainder of 2017 $618
2018 2,821
 $1,411
2019 2,826
 2,827
2020 2,804
 2,804
2021 2,610
 2,610
2022 1,987
Thereafter 4,873
 2,801
Total $16,552
 $14,440
We are required by the terms of our applicable loan agreements to meet various affirmative and negative covenants that we believe are customary for these types of facilities, such as limitations on the incurrence of debt by us and our subsidiaries that own unencumbered assets, limitations on the nature of HTALP’s business, and limitations on distributions by HTALP and its subsidiaries that own unencumbered assets. Our loan agreements also impose various financial covenants on us, such as a maximum ratio of total indebtedness to total asset value, a minimum ratio of EBITDA to fixed charges, a minimum tangible net worth covenant, a maximum ratio of unsecured indebtedness to unencumbered asset value, rent coverage ratios and a minimum ratio of unencumbered net operating incomeNet Operating Income (“NOI”) to unsecured interest expense. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018, we believe that we were in compliance with all such financial covenants and reporting requirements. In addition, certain of our loan agreements include events of default provisions that we believe are customary for these types of facilities, including restricting us from making dividend distributions to our stockholders in the event we are in default thereunder, except to the extent necessary for us to maintain our REIT status.
8.9. Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities
Risk Management Objective of Using Derivative Financial Instruments
We may use derivative financial instruments, including interest rate swaps, caps, options, floors and other interest rate derivative contracts, to hedge all or a portion of the interest rate risk associated with our borrowings. The principal objective of such arrangements is to minimize the risks and/or costs associated with our operating and financial structure as well as to hedge specific anticipated transactions. We do not intend to utilize derivatives for speculative or other purposes other than interest rate risk management. The use of derivative financial instruments carries certain risks, including the risk that the counterparties to these contractual arrangements are not able to perform under the agreements. To mitigate this risk, we only enter into derivative financial instruments with counterparties with high credit ratings and with major financial institutions with which we and our affiliates may also have other financial relationships. We do not anticipate that any of the counterparties will fail to meet their obligations. We record counterparty credit risk valuation adjustments on interest rate swap derivative assets in order to properly reflect the credit quality of the counterparty. In addition, our fair value of interest rate swap derivative liabilities is adjusted to reflect the impact of our credit quality.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
Our objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, we primarily use interest rate swaps and treasury locks as part of our interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for us making fixed rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. A treasury lock is a synthetic forward sale of a U.S. treasury note, which is settled in cash based upon the difference between an agreed upon treasury rate and the prevailing treasury rate at settlement. Such treasury locks are entered into to effectively fix the treasury component of an upcoming debt issuance.
The effective portionAs a result of changesour adoption of ASU 2017-12 as of January 1, 2018, the entire change in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges isare recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and isare subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period thatin which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. During the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with variable rate debt. TheAdditionally, we will no longer disclose the ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivatives is recognized directly in earnings. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recorded approximately $4,000 and $31,000, respectively, of hedge ineffectiveness in earnings. We designated our derivative financial instruments as cash flow hedges in March 2017.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we entered into and settled two treasury locks designated as cash flow hedges with an aggregate notional amount of $250.0 million to hedge future fixed rate debt issuances, which fixed the 10-year swap rates at an average rate of 2.26% per annum. Upon settlement of these contracts during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we paid and reported a loss of $0.7 million which was recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss in our accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) and a gain of $25,000 which was recorded in the change in fair value of our derivative financial instruments in our accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.derivatives.
Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on our variable rate debt. During the next twelve months, we estimate that an additional $0.4$1.4 million will be reclassified from other comprehensive income in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as an increase to interest related to derivative financial instruments in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.
As of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018, we had the following outstanding interest rate derivatives that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk (in thousands, except number of instruments):
Interest Rate Swaps September 30, 2017 June 30, 2018
Number of instruments 5
 5
Notional amount $189,751
 $188,757
The table below presents the fair value of our derivative financial instruments designated as a hedge as well as our classification in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of SeptemberJune 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively (in thousands). In March 2017, we designated our derivative financial instruments as cash flow hedges. As such, prior to March 2017 we did not have derivatives designated as hedging instruments.
 Asset Derivatives Liability Derivatives Asset Derivatives Liability Derivatives
 Fair Value at: Fair Value at: Fair Value at: Fair Value at:
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments: 
Balance Sheet
Location
 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 
Balance Sheet
Location
 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 
Balance Sheet
Location
 June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 
Balance Sheet
Location
 June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Interest rate swaps Receivables and other assets $952
 $
 Derivative financial instruments $1,441
 $
 Receivables and other assets $1,999
 $1,529
 Derivative financial instruments $548
 $1,089

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

The tablestable below presentpresents the gain or loss recognized on our derivative financial instruments designated as hedges as well as our classification in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018 and 2017, and 2016respectively (in thousands). In March 2017,As a result of the adoption of ASU 2017-12 as of January 1, 2018, we designatedno longer disclose the ineffective portion of the change in fair value of our derivative financial instruments as cash flow hedges. As such, prior to March 2017 we did not have derivatives designated as hedging instruments.hedges.
 
Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative
(Effective Portion):
 
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
(Effective Portion):
 
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative
(Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from
Effectiveness Testing):
 Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
 Three Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended June 30, Three Months Ended June 30,
Derivatives Cash Flow Hedging Relationships: 2017 2016 Statement of Operations Location 2017 2016 Statement of Operations Location 2017 2016 2018 2017 Statement of Operations Location 2018 2017
Interest rate swaps $9
 $
 Interest related to derivative financial instruments $(196) $
 Interest related to derivative financial instruments $(4) $
 $371
 $(1,041) Interest related to derivative financial instruments $157
 $(293)
 
Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative
(Effective Portion):
 
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
(Effective Portion):
 
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative
(Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from
Effectiveness Testing):
 Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 Six Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
Derivatives Cash Flow Hedging Relationships: 2017 2016 Statement of Operations Location 2017 2016 Statement of Operations Location 2017 2016 2018 2017 Statement of Operations Location 2018 2017
Interest rate swaps $(1,196) $
 Interest related to derivative financial instruments $(565) 
 Interest related to derivative financial instruments $(31) $
 $1,341
 $(1,205) Interest related to derivative financial instruments $227
 $(369)
Non-Designated Hedges
Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage our exposure to interest rate movements and other identified risks, but do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements of ASC 815 - Derivatives and Hedging. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly to gain or loss on change in fair value of derivative financial instruments in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the ninethree and six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017, we recorded a gain on change in fair value of derivative financial instruments of $45,000 and $0.9 million. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, we didmillion, respectively. There were not record a gain or loss on change in fair value of derivative financial instruments as we did not have any derivative financial instruments classified as non-designated hedges.
The table below presents the fair value of our derivative financial instruments not designated as hedges as well as our classification in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2016 (in thousands). In March 2017, we designated our derivative financial instruments as cash flow hedges. As such, as of March 2017 we did not have derivatives not designated as hedging instruments.
  Asset Derivatives Liability Derivatives
  
   Fair Value at:   Fair Value at:
Derivatives NOT Designated as Hedging Instruments: 
Balance Sheet
Location
 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 
Balance Sheet
Location
 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Interest rate swaps Receivables and other assets $
 $541
 Derivative financial instruments $
 $1,920

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

June 30, 2018.
Tabular Disclosure of Offsetting Derivatives
The table below sets forth the net effects of offsetting and net presentation of our derivatives as of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively (in thousands). The net amounts of derivative assets or liabilities can be reconciled to the tabular disclosure of fair value. The tabular disclosure of fair value provides the location that derivative assets or liabilities are presented in the consolidated balance sheets.
  Offsetting of Derivative Assets
  Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets Gross Amounts in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Received Net Amount
September 30, 2017 $952
 $
 $952
 $
 $
 $952
December 31, 2016 541
 
 541
 
 
 541
  Offsetting of Derivative Assets
  Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets Gross Amounts in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Received Net Amount
June 30, 2018 $1,999
 $
 $1,999
 $
 $
 $1,999
December 31, 2017 1,529
 
 1,529
 
 
 1,529
  Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities
  Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities Gross Amounts in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Received Net Amount
September 30, 2017 $1,441
 $
 $1,441
 $
 $
 $1,441
December 31, 2016 1,920
 
 1,920
 
 
 1,920
  Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities
  Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities Gross Amounts in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Received Net Amount
June 30, 2018 $548
 $
 $548
 $
 $
 $548
December 31, 2017 1,089
 
 1,089
 
 
 1,089

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Credit Risk Related Contingent Features
We have agreements with each of our derivative counterparties that contain a provision that if we default on any of our indebtedness, including a default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then we could also be declared in default on our derivative obligations.
We also have agreements with each of our derivative counterparties that incorporate provisions from our indebtedness with a lender affiliate of the derivative counterparty requiring it to maintain certain minimum financial covenant ratios on our indebtedness. Failure to comply with the covenant provisions would result in us being in default on any derivative instrument obligations covered by these agreements.
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, including accrued interest, but excluding any adjustment for nonperformance risk related to these agreements, was $1.5$0.5 million. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we have not posted any collateral related to these agreements and we were not in breach of any of the provisions of these agreements. If we had breached any of thesethe provisions of these agreements, we could have been required to settle our obligations under these agreements at an aggregate termination value of $1.5$0.5 million at SeptemberJune 30, 2017.2018.
9.10. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
We engage in litigation from time to time with various parties as a routine part of our business, including tenant defaults. However, we are not presently subject to any material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any material litigation threatened against us, which if determined unfavorably to us, would have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. 
Environmental Matters
We follow the policy of monitoring our properties for the presence of hazardous or toxic substances. While there can be no assurance that a material environmental liability does not exist at our properties, we are not currently aware of any environmental liability with respect to our properties that would have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Further, we are not aware of any material environmental liability or any unasserted claim or assessment with respect to an environmental liability at our properties that we believe would require additional disclosure or the recording of a loss contingency.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

Other
Our other commitments and contingencies include the usual obligations of real estate owners and operators in the normal course of business. In our opinion, these matters are not expected to have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
10.11. Stockholders’ Equity and Partners’ Capital
HTALP’s operating partnership agreement provides that it will distribute cash flow from operations and net sale proceeds to its partners in accordance with their overall ownership interests at such times and in such amounts as the general partner determines. Dividend distributions are made such that a holder of one OP Unit in HTALP will receive distributions from HTALP in an amount equal to the dividend distributions paid to the holder of one share of our common stock. In addition, for each share of common stock issued or redeemed by us, HTALP issues or redeems a corresponding number of OP Units.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we issued $1.7 billion of equity at an average price of $28.70 per share.
Common Stock Offerings
In September 2017,June 2018, we settled a forward sale arrangement pursuant to a forward equity agreement that was entered into new equity distribution agreements with our various sales agents with respect to our at-the-market (“ATM”) offering programin October 2017, which included the sale of common stock with an aggregate sales amount of up to $500.0 million. We contemporaneously terminated our prior ATM equity distribution agreements. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and under the previous ATM, we issued and sold 3,998,000approximately 2.6 million shares of our common stock for $125.7net proceeds of approximately $73.8 million, adjusted for costs to borrow equating to a net price to us of $28.94 per share of common stock. Refer to Note 13 - Per Share Data of HTA to these condensed consolidated financial statements for a more detailed discussion related to our forward equity agreement.
Stock Repurchase Plan
On June 8, 2018, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase plan authorizing us to purchase up to $100.0 million of gross proceedsour common stock from time to time prior to the expiration thereof on June 7, 2020. During June 2018, pursuant to this plan, we repurchased 333,002 shares of our common stock, at an average price of $31.45$26.26 per share. Asshare, for an aggregate amount of September 30, 2017, $500.0 million remained available for issuance by us under the September 2017 ATM.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we, in connection with the Duke Acquisition, completed an underwritten public offering of 54,625,000 shares of our common stock for $1.6 billion of gross proceeds at a price of $28.50 per share.
$8.7 million. Subsequent to SeptemberJune 30, 2017, we issued $200.0 million2018, our Board of common stock underDirectors terminated the ATM, including $75.0 million onforegoing plan and adopted a forward basis which will be issued over the next six months.
Common Unit Offerings
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we issued 20,687 OP Units in HTALP for approximately $0.6 million in connectionnew plan with an acquisition transaction.increased share repurchase authorization of up to $300 million.
Subsequent to September 30, 2017, as part
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Table of an acquisition, we issued to the seller as a part of the acquisition consideration 16,972 OP Units in HTALP for approximately $0.5 million.Contents
HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA, INC. AND HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA HOLDINGS, LP NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

Common Stock Dividends
See our accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the dividends declared during the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016.2017. On October 24, 2017,August 2, 2018, our Board of Directors announced aan increased quarterly dividend of $0.305$0.310 per share of common stock. The dividends arestock and per OP unit to be paid on January 9,October 5, 2018 to stockholders of record of our common stock and holders of our OP Units on JanuaryOctober 2, 2018.
Incentive Plan
Our Amended and Restated 2006 IncentiveThe Plan (the “Plan”) permits the grant of incentive awards to our employees, officers, non-employee directors and consultants as selected by our Board of Directors. The Plan authorizes us to grant awards in any of the following forms: options; stock appreciation rights; restricted stock; restricted or deferred stock units; performance awards; dividend equivalents; other stock-based awards, including units in HTALP; and cash-based awards. Subject to adjustment as provided in the Plan, the aggregate number of awards reserved and available for issuance under the Plan is 5,000,000 shares. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018, there were 1,689,5851,397,867 awards available for grant under the Plan.
LTIP Units
Awards under the LTIP consist of Series C units in HTALP and were subject to the achievement of certain performance and market conditions in order to vest. Once vested, the Series C units were converted into common units of HTALP, which may be converted into shares of our common stock. The LTIP awards were fully expensed or forfeited in 2015.

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HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA, INC. AND HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA HOLDINGS, LP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

Restricted Common Stock
For the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018, we recognized compensation expense of $2.2 million and $5.7 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, we recognized compensation expense of $1.7$1.3 million and $5.5 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recognized compensation expense of $2.1 million and $5.1$3.8 million, respectively. Compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 werewas recorded in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we had $9.1$10.1 million of unrecognized compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, which we will recognize over a remaining weighted average period of 1.81.6 years.
The following is a summary of our restricted common stock activity as of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively:
September 30, 2017 September 30, 2016June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017
Restricted Common Stock 
Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
 Restricted Common Stock 
Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
Restricted Common Stock 
Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
 Restricted Common Stock 
Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
Beginning balance640,870
 $27.36
 487,850
 $23.13
589,606
 $29.38
 640,870
 $27.36
Granted292,109
 29.75
 417,110
 29.82
323,354
 28.86
 244,753
 29.67
Vested(278,821) 25.31
 (236,749) 23.27
(219,418) 28.97
 (248,138) 25.15
Forfeited(58,384) 28.86
 (24,391) 25.93
(28,611) 29.59
 (47,344) 28.54
Ending balance595,774
 $29.39
 643,820
 $27.35
664,931
 $29.25
 590,141
 $29.19
11.12. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Financial Instruments Reported at Fair Value - Recurring
The table below presents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018, aggregated by the applicable level in the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:                
Derivative financial instruments $
 $952
 $
 $952
 $
 $1,999
 $
 $1,999
Liabilities:                
Derivative financial instruments $
 $1,441
 $
 $1,441
 $
 $548
 $
 $548
The table below presents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 20162017, aggregated by the applicable level in the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:                
Derivative financial instruments $

$541

$
 $541
 $

$1,529

$
 $1,529
Liabilities:                
Derivative financial instruments $
 $1,920
 $
 $1,920
 $
 $1,089
 $
 $1,089

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HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA, INC. AND HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA HOLDINGS, LP NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

Financial Instruments Reported at Fair Value - Non-Recurring
The table below presents our assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, aggregated by the applicable level in the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
  Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:        
MOB (1)
 $
 $1,423
 $
 $1,423
         
(1) During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recognized a $5.1 million impairment charge to one MOB. The estimated fair value as of September 30, 2017 for this MOB was based upon real estate market comparables.

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HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA, INC. AND HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA HOLDINGS, LP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

  Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:        
MOB (1)
 $
 $12,985
 $
 $12,985
         
(1) During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we recognized $4.6 million of impairment charges to the carrying value of two MOBs. The estimated fair value as of June 30, 2018 for these MOBs was based upon a sales agreement.
The table below presents our assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2016,2017, aggregated by the applicable level in the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:                
MOB (1)
 $
 $8,191
 $
 $8,191
 $
 $10,271
 $
 $10,271
                
(1) During the year ended December 31, 2016, we recognized impairment charges of $1.3 million and $1.8 million to the carrying value of two MOBs. The estimated fair value as of December 31, 2016 for these two MOBs was based upon a pending sales agreement and real estate market comparables.
(1) During the year ended December 31, 2017, we recognized $13.9 million of impairment charges to the carrying value of two MOBs and a portfolio of MOBs. The estimated fair value as of December 31, 2017 for these MOBs was based upon a pending sales agreement and real estate market comparables.(1) During the year ended December 31, 2017, we recognized $13.9 million of impairment charges to the carrying value of two MOBs and a portfolio of MOBs. The estimated fair value as of December 31, 2017 for these MOBs was based upon a pending sales agreement and real estate market comparables.
There have been no transfers of assets or liabilities between levels. We will record any such transfers at the end of the reporting period in which a change of event occurs that results in a transfer. Although we have determined that the majority of the inputs used to value our interest rate swap derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with these instruments utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by us and our counterparties. However, we have assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of our interest rate swap derivative positions and have determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to their overall valuation. As a result, we have determined that our interest rate swap derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. 
Financial Instruments Disclosed at Fair Value
We consider the carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, tenant and other receivables, restricted cash and escrow deposits and accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, to approximate fair value for these financial instruments because of the short period of time between origination of the instruments and their expected realization. All of these financial instruments are considered Level 2.
The fair value of debt is estimated using borrowing rates available to us with similar terms and maturities, which is considered a Level 2 input. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2018, the fair value of the debt was $2,643.1 million compared to the carrying value of $2,683.5 million. As of December 31, 2017, the fair value of the debt was $2,913.3$2,826.3 million compared to the carrying value of $2,856.8$2,781.0 million. As
13. Per Share Data of December 31, 2016,HTA
In October 2017, we entered a forward sale arrangement pursuant to a forward equity agreement to sell approximately 2.6 million shares of our common stock through our ATM. In June 2018, we settled our forward sale arrangement for proceeds of approximately $73.8 million, adjusted for costs to borrow equating to a net price to us of $28.94 per share of common stock. To account for the forward equity agreement, we considered the accounting guidance governing financial instruments and derivatives and concluded that our forward equity agreement was not a liability as it did not embody obligations to repurchase our shares of common stock nor did it embody obligations to issue a variable number of shares for which the monetary value was predominately fixed, varying with something other than the fair value of the debt was $1,784.0 million comparedshares, or varying inversely in relation to our shares. We also evaluated whether the agreement met the derivatives and hedging guidance scope exception to be accounted for as an equity instrument and concluded that the agreement can be classified as an equity contract based on the following assessment: (i) none of the agreements’ exercise contingencies were based on observable markets or indices besides those related to the carrying valuemarket for our own stock price and operations; and (ii) none of $1,768.9 million.the settlement provisions precluded the agreement from being indexed to our own common stock.

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12. Per Share DataHEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA, INC. AND HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA HOLDINGS, LP NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

In addition, we considered the potential dilution resulting from the forward equity agreement on our earnings per common share calculations. We used the treasury method to determine the dilution resulting from the forward equity agreement during the period of HTAtime prior to settlement. The number of weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted used in the computation of earnings per common share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, included the effect from the assumed issuance of 2.6 million shares of our common stock pursuant to the settlement of the forward equity agreement at the contractual price, less the assumed repurchase of our common stock at the average market price using the proceeds of approximately $73.8 million, adjusted for costs to borrow. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, approximately 392,000 and 346,000 weighted-average incremental shares were excluded from the computation of our weighted-average shares-diluted, as their impact was anti-dilutive.
We include unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents as “participating securities” pursuant to the two-class method. The resulting classes are our common stock and restricted stock. Our forward equity agreement is not considered a participating security and, therefore, is not included in the computation of earnings per share using the two-class method. For the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, all of our earnings were distributed and the calculated earnings per share amount would be the same for all classes.
For the three months ended June 30, 2017, approximately 4.2 million shares of common stock were excluded from the computation of diluted shares as their impact would have been anti-dilutive. The following is the reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in basic and diluted earnings per share of HTA for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively (in thousands, except per share data):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Numerator:              
Net income$13,957
 $6,639
 $22,105
 $30,191
Net income (loss)$15,657
 $(5,852) $25,673
 $8,148
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(194) (212) (715) (830)(311) (66) (525) (521)
Net income attributable to common stockholders$13,763
 $6,427
 $21,390
 $29,361
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders$15,346
 $(5,918) $25,148
 $7,627
Denominator:              
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic200,674
 138,807
 173,189
 134,905
205,241
 176,464
 205,155
 159,218
Dilutive shares4,121
 4,331
 4,221
 3,409
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted204,795
 143,138
 177,410
 138,314
Dilutive shares - partnership units convertible into common stock4,018
 
 4,063
 4,272
Adjusted weighted average shares outstanding - diluted209,259
 176,464
 209,218
 163,490
Earnings per common share - basic              
Net income attributable to common stockholders$0.07
 $0.05
 $0.12
 $0.22
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders$0.07
 $(0.03) $0.12
 $0.05
Earnings per common share - diluted              
Net income attributable to common stockholders$0.07
 $0.04
 $0.12
 $0.21
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders$0.07
 $(0.03) $0.12
 $0.05

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HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA, INC. AND HEALTHCARE TRUST OF AMERICA HOLDINGS, LP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

13.14. Per Unit Data of HTALP
In October 2017, we entered a forward sale arrangement pursuant to a forward equity agreement to sell approximately 2.6 million shares of our common stock through our ATM. Refer to Note 13 - Per Share Data of HTA to these condensed consolidated financial statements for a more detailed discussion related to our forward equity agreement settled in June 2018.
The following is the reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in basic and diluted earnings per unit of HTALP for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018, and 2016,2017, respectively (in thousands, except per unit data):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Numerator:              
Net income$13,957
 $6,639
 $22,105
 $30,191
Net income (loss)$15,657
 $(5,852) $25,673
 $8,148
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(28) (1) (80) (28)(14) (22) (47) (52)
Net income attributable to common unitholders$13,929
 $6,638
 $22,025
 $30,163
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders$15,643
 $(5,874) $25,626
 $8,096
Denominator:
              
Weighted average units outstanding - basic204,795
 143,137
 177,410
 138,314
209,259
 180,672
 209,218
 163,490
Dilutive units
 
 
 
Weighted average units outstanding - diluted204,795
 143,137
 177,410
 138,314
Dilutive units - partnership units convertible into common units
 
 
 
Adjusted weighted average units outstanding - diluted209,259
 180,672
 209,218
 163,490
Earnings per common unit - basic:              
Net income attributable to common unitholders$0.07
 $0.05
 $0.12
 $0.22
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders$0.07
 $(0.03) $0.12
 $0.05
Earnings per common unit - diluted:              
Net income attributable to common unitholders$0.07
 $0.05
 $0.12
 $0.22
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders$0.07
 $(0.03) $0.12
 $0.05
14.15. Supplemental Cash Flow Information
The following is the supplemental cash flow information for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively (in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 20162018 2017
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:      
Interest paid$51,066
 $39,321
$52,260
 $31,175
Income taxes paid997
 934
1,534
 825
      
Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities:      
Accrued capital expenditures$4,185
 $2,868
$454
 $2,919
Debt and interest rate swaps assumed and entered into in connection with an acquisition286,000
 21,156
Debt assumed and entered into in connection with an acquisition
 286,000
Dividend distributions declared, but not paid62,494
 43,530
64,571
 61,492
Issuance of operating partnership units in connection with an acquisition610
 71,754
Note receivable included in the consideration of a disposition
 3,000
Issuance of operating partnership units in HTALP in connection with an acquisition
 610
Note receivable retired in connection with an acquisition2,494
 

 2,494
Redeemable noncontrolling interest assumed in connection with an acquisition
 5,449
Redemption of noncontrolling interest5,694
 5,709
4,907
 5,532

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The use of the words “we,” “us” or “our” refers to HTA and HTALP, collectively.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, as well as with the audited consolidated financial statements, accompanying notes and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our 20162017 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such condensed consolidated financial statements and information have been prepared to reflect HTAHTA’s and HTALP’s financial position as of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, together with results of operations and cash flows for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016.2017.
The information set forth below is intended to provide readers with an understanding of our financial condition, changes in financial condition and results of operations.
Forward-Looking Statements;
Executive Summary;
Company Highlights;
Critical Accounting Policies;
Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Pronouncements;
Factors Which May Influence Results of Operations;
Results of Operations;
Non-GAAP Financial Measures;
Liquidity and Capital Resources;
Commitments and Contingencies;
Debt Service Requirements;
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements; and
Inflation.
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements contained in this Quarterly Report constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor from civil liability provided for such statements by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (set forth in Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”)). Such statements include, in particular, statements about our plans, strategies, prospects and estimates regarding future MOB market performance. Additionally, such statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, as well as known and unknown risks, which could cause actual results to differ materially and in adverse ways from those projected or anticipated. Therefore, such statements are not intended to be a guarantee of our performance in future periods. Forward-looking statements are generally identifiable by the use of such terms as “expect,” “project,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “continue,” “opinion,” “predict,” “potential,” “pro forma” or the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date this Quarterly Report is filed with the SEC. We cannot guarantee the accuracy of any such forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report, and we do not intend to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law.
Any such forward-looking statements reflect our current views about future events, are subject to unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors, and are based on a number of assumptions involving judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately. To the extent that our assumptions differ from actual results, our ability to meet such forward-looking statements, including our ability to generate positive cash flow from operations, provide dividends to stockholders and maintain the value of our real estate properties, may be significantly hindered. Factors that might impair our ability to meet such forward-looking statements include, without limitation, those discussed in Part I, Item 1A - Risk Factors in our 20162017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein.


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Forward-looking statements express expectations of future events. All forward-looking statements are inherently uncertain as they are based on various expectations and assumptions concerning future events and they are subject to numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those projected. Due to these inherent uncertainties, our stockholders are urged not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made. In addition, we undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes to projections over time, except as required by law.
These risks and uncertainties should be considered in evaluating forward-looking statements and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements. Additional information concerning us and our business, including additional factors that could materially affect our financial results, is included herein and in our other filings with the SEC.
Executive Summary
HTA is the largest publicly-traded REIT focused on MOBs in the U.S. as measured by the GLA of its MOBs. HTA conducts substantially all of its operations through HTALP. We invest in MOBs that we believe will serve the future of healthcare delivery and MOBs that are primarily located on health system campuses, near university medical centers, or in core community outpatient locations. We also focus on our key markets that have certain demographic and macro-economic trends and where we can utilize our institutional full-service property management, leasing and leasingdevelopment services platform to generate strong tenant and health system relationships and operating cost efficiencies. Our primary objective is to maximize stockholder value with disciplined growth through strategic investments that provide an attractive risk-adjusted return for our stockholders by consistently increasing our cash flow. In pursuing this objective, we: (i) seek internal growth through proactive asset management, leasing, building services and property management oversight; (ii) target accretive acquisitions and developments of MOBs in markets with attractive demographics that complement our existing portfolio; and (iii) actively manage our balance sheet to maintain flexibility with conservative leverage.  Additionally, from time to time we consider, on an opportunistic basis, significant portfolio acquisitions that we believe fit our core business and could enhance our existing portfolio.
Since 2006, we have invested $7.0 billion to create a portfolio of MOBs, development projects and other healthcare assets consisting of approximately 24.2 million square feet of GLA throughout the U.S. As of September 30, 2017, our portfolio included $2.24 billion of investments, net of development credits received at closing in connection with our Duke Acquisition, which includes a 50% ownership interest in an unconsolidated joint venture for $68.8 million as of the date of acquisition. Our only remaining obligations related to the Duke Acquisition are the potential acquisition of a land parcel in Miami, FL and a single property in Texas that are each currently excluded from our purchase obligations due to current outstanding physical condition issues.
As of September 30, 2017, approximately 96%Approximately 70% of our portfolio based on GLA, was located on the campuses of, or aligned with,adjacent to, nationally orand regionally recognized healthcare systems. Our portfolio is diversified geographically across 33 states, with no state having more than 19%20% of our total GLA as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017.2018. We are concentrated in 20 to 25 key markets that are experiencing higher economic and demographic trends than other markets, on average, that we expect will drive demand for MOBs. Approximately 92%As of June 30, 2018, we had approximately 1 million square feet of GLA in each of our top ten markets and approximately 93% of our portfolio, based on GLA, is located in the top 75 MSAs, with Atlanta, Boston, Dallas, Houston, Boston, Tampa and TampaAtlanta being our largest markets by investment.
Company Highlights
Portfolio Operating Performance
For the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, our total revenue increased 48.7%23.9%, or $57.7$33.5 million, to $176.0$173.3 million, compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, our total revenue increased 29.9%32.1%, or $101.3$84.8 million, to $440.2$349.0 million, compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017.
For the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, net income or loss was $15.7 million, compared to a net loss $(5.9) million, for the three months ended June 30, 2017. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, net income was $25.7 million, compared to $8.1 million, for the six months ended June 30, 2017.
For the three months ended June 30, 2018, net income or loss attributable to common stockholders was $0.07 per diluted share, or $13.8$15.3 million, compared to $0.04$(0.03) per diluted share, or $6.4$(5.9) million, for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, net income attributable to common stockholders was $0.12 per diluted share, or $21.4$25.1 million, compared to $0.21$0.05 per diluted share, or $29.4$7.6 million, for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017.
For the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, HTA’s FFO was $0.41$84.4 million, or $0.40 per diluted share, compared to $0.30 per diluted share, or $84.2$54.2 million, an increase of $0.03for the three months ended June 30, 2017. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, HTA’s FFO was $169.0 million, or $0.81 per diluted share, compared to $0.70 per diluted share, or 7.9%, compared to$114.4 million, for the six months ended June 30, 2017.
For the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2018, HTALP’s FFO was $84.7 million, or $0.40 per diluted OP Unit, compared to $0.30 per diluted OP Unit, or $54.2 million, for the three months ended June 30, 2017. For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017, HTA’s2018, HTALP’s FFO was $198.7$169.5 million, or $1.12$0.81 per diluted share, consistent with theOP Unit, compared to $0.70 per diluted shareOP Unit, or $114.9 million, for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017.

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For the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, HTA’s and HTALP’s Normalized FFO was $0.41 per diluted unit,share and OP Unit, or $84.4$85.1 million, an increase of $0.03 per diluted unit, or 7.9%, compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017, HTALP’s FFO was $199.3 million, or $1.12 per diluted unit, consistent with the per diluted unit for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
For the three months ended September 30, 2017,2018, HTA’s and HTALP’s Normalized FFO was $0.42$0.81 per diluted share and unit,OP Unit, or $85.4$170.1 million, an increase of $0.02 per diluted share and unit, or 5.0%, compared to the threesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, HTA’s and HTALP’s Normalized FFO was $1.21 per diluted share and unit, or $215.2 million, an increase of $0.01 per diluted share and unit, or 0.8%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016.2017.
For additional information on FFO and Normalized FFO, see “FFO and Normalized FFO” below, which includes a reconciliation to net income attributable to common stockholders/unitholders and an explanation of why we present this non-GAAP financial measure.
For the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, our Net Operating Income (“NOI”)NOI increased 46.9%24.2%, or $38.2$23.4 million, to $119.7$119.8 million, compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, our NOI increased 29.0%31.7%, or $67.8$57.7 million, to $301.3$239.4 million, compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017.
For the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, our Same-PropertySame-property Cash NOI increased 2.9%2.6%, or $2.2$1.9 million, to $80.3$77.9 million, compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, our Same-Property Cash NOI increased 3.1%2.5%, or $6.6$3.7 million, to $217.8$154.1 million, compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. Excluding the MOBs located on our Forest Park Dallas campus, Same-Property Cash NOI growth would have been 3.1% and 2.8% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.
For additional information on NOI and Same-Property Cash NOI, see “NOI, Cash NOI and Same-Property Cash NOI” below, which includes a reconciliation from net income and an explanation of why we present these non-GAAP financial measures.
Key Market Focused Strategy and Investments
We believe we have been one of the most active investors in the medical office sector over the last decade. This has enabled us to create a high quality portfolio focused on MOBs serving the future of healthcare with scale and significance in 20 to 25 key markets.
Our investment strategy includes alignment with key healthcare systems, hospitals, and leading academic medical universities. We are the largest owner of on-campus or adjacent MOBs in the country, with approximately 16.9 million square feet of GLA, or 70%, of our portfolio located in these locations. The remaining 30% are located in core community outpatient locations where healthcare is increasingly being delivered.
Over the last several years, our investments have been focused in our 20 to 25 key markets which we believe will outperform the broader U.S. from an economic and demographic perspective. As of June 30, 2018, approximately 93% of our portfolio’s GLA is located in the top 75 MSAs. Our key markets represent top MSAs with strong growth metrics in jobs, household income and population, as well as low unemployment and mature healthcare infrastructures. Many of our key markets are also supported by strong university systems.
Our key market focus has enabled us to establish scale and effectively utilize our internal property management and leasing platform to deliver consistent same store growth and additional yield on investments, and also cost effective service to tenants. As of June 30, 2018, we had approximately 1 million square feet of GLA in each of our top ten markets and approximately 500,000 square feet in each of our top 16 markets. We expect to establish this scale across 20 to 25 key markets as our portfolio expands.
During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we invested $8.4 million to acquire an MOB of approximately 24,000 square feet of GLA in Raleigh, North Carolina, that was 100% leased as of the acquisition date to Duke Health System. In addition, we invested $3.9 million to consolidate our ownership interests in several other MOBs.
During the three months ended June 30, 2018, we announced a new development in our key gateway market of Miami, Florida and commenced two redevelopments, including an agreement to build a new on-campus MOB in the Raleigh, North Carolina market. The projects will have total expected construction costs of approximately $70.6 million and are approximately 78% pre-leased to major health systems. These projects include:
Jackson South MOB located in Miami, Florida. In April 2018, we entered into an agreement to develop a new 51,000 square foot MOB located adjacent to the Jackson South Hospital in Coral Reef, Florida. Total development costs are estimated to be $21.6 million and the building is 70% pre-leased to the hospital. Construction is expected to begin in 2019.
Cary MOB located in Raleigh, North Carolina. We announced we will redevelop the Medical Park of Cary, our existing 90,000 square foot medical park located adjacent to WakeMed Health & Hospital’s (“WakeMed”), a leading health system based in Raleigh, North Carolina. As part of the project, we will take down four existing buildings totaling 45,000 square feet of GLA and build a new 125,000 square foot Class A MOB. Following this development, Medical Park of Cary will increase to approximately 170,000 square feet of GLA, including buildings that will remain operational through construction. Construction is expected to begin in the spring of 2019, with delivery by 2021 and is expected to cost $43.0 million.

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Internal Growth through Proactive AssetIn-House Property Management Leasing and Property ManagementLeasing
We believe we have the largest full-service operating platform in the medical office space that consists of asset management, leasing andour in-house property management and leasing which allows us to better manage and service our existing portfolio. In each of these markets, we have established a strong in-house property management and leasing platform that has allowed us to develop valuable relationships with health systems, physician practices, universities, and regional development firms that have led to investment and leasing opportunities. Our full-service operational platforms have also enabled us to focus on generating cost efficiencies as we gain scale across individual markets and regions.
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, our in-house property management and leasing platform operated approximately 22.222.7 million square feet of GLA, or 92%94%, of our total portfolio.
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, our leased rate (includes leases which have been executed, but which have not yet commenced) was 91.7%91.9% by GLA and our occupancy rate was 90.6%90.9% by GLA.
We entered into new and renewal leases on approximately 745,000 square feet of GLA1.0 million and 2.01.7 million square feet of GLA, or 3.1%4.2% and 8.4%6.9%, respectively, of our portfolio during the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017, respectively.2018.
Tenant retention for the Same-Property portfolio was 75%86% and 78%84%, which included approximately 289,000 square feet of GLA0.7 million and 1.3 million square feet of GLA of expiring leases, for the quarter and year-to-date, respectively, which we believe is indicative of our commitment to maintaining buildings in desirable locations and fostering strong tenant relationships. Tenant retention is defined as the sum of the total leased GLA of tenants that renewed a lease during the period over the total GLA of leases that renewed or expired during the period.
Key Market Focused Strategy and Investments
We believe we have been one of the most active investors in the medical office sector over the last decade and have developed a presence across 20 to 25 key markets. In each of these markets, we have established a strong asset management and leasing platform that has allowed us to develop valuable relationships with health systems, physician practices, universities, and regional development firms that have led to investment and leasing opportunities. Our local platforms have also enabled us to focus on generating cost efficiencies as we gain scale across individual markets and regions.
As of September 30, 2017, we had an average of 1.1 million square feet of GLA in each of our top ten markets. We expect to establish this scale across 20 to 25 key markets as our portfolio expands.
Our key markets represent top MSAs with strong growth metrics in jobs, household income and population, as well as low unemployment and mature healthcare infrastructures. Many of our key markets are also supported by strong university systems.
Our investment strategy includes alignment with key healthcare systems, hospitals and leading academic medical universities.

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Over the last several years, our investments have been focused in our key markets, with the majority of our investments also being located either on the campuses of, or aligned with, nationally and regionally recognized healthcare systems.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we acquired investments totaling $2.7 billion, including the Duke Acquisition of $2.24 billion, net of development credits we received at closing, which were located substantially in certain of our 20 to 25 key markets.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we completed the disposition of an MOB located in Texas for a gross sales price of $5.0 million.
Financial Strategy and Balance Sheet Flexibility
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we had total leverage, measured by debt less cash and cash equivalents to total capitalization, of 31.9%31.8%. Total liquidity was $928.9 million,$1.0 billion, including cash and cash equivalents of $9.4$26.2 million and $919.5$994.5 million available on our unsecured revolving credit facility (includes the impact of $5.5 million of outstanding letters of credit) as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017.2018.
As of June 30, 2018, the weighted average remaining term of our debt portfolio was 5.4 years.
Subsequent to June 30, 2018, HTALP entered into a modification of our $200.0 million unsecured term loan due in 2023. The modification decreased pricing at our current credit rating by 65 basis points from LIBOR plus 165 basis points to LIBOR plus 100 basis points. The maturity date was also extended by five months to January 2024. The other material terms of the unsecured term loan prior to the modification remained substantially unchanged.
On June 8, 2018, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase plan authorizing us to purchase up to $100.0 million of our common stock from time to time prior to the expiration thereof on June 7, 2020. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017,June 2018, pursuant to this plan, we issued and sold $1.7 billionrepurchased 333,002 shares of equityour common stock, at an average price of $28.70 per share. This consisted of $1.6 billion from the sale of common stock in an underwritten public offering at an average price of $28.50$26.26 per share, $125.7 million fromfor an aggregate amount of $8.7 million. Subsequent to June 30, 2018, our Board of Directors terminated the sale of common stock under our previous ATM at an average price of $31.45 per share,foregoing plan and $0.6 million from the issuance of OP Units in connectionadopted a new plan with an acquisition transaction.
In September 2017, we entered into new equity distribution agreements with our various sales agents with respect to our ATM offering program of common stock with an aggregate sales amountincreased share repurchase authorization of up to $500.0$300 million.
In June 2018, we settled a forward sale arrangement pursuant to a forward equity agreement that was entered into in October 2017, we issued inwhich included approximately 2.6 million shares of our common stock for net proceeds of approximately $73.8 million, adjusted for costs to borrow adjusted for costs to borrow equating to a public offering (i) $400.0 millionnet price to us of 5-year unsecured senior notes, with a coupon$28.94 per share of 2.95% per annum and (ii) $500.0 million of 10-year unsecured senior notes, with a coupon of 3.75% per annum.
In addition, as part of the Duke Acquisition, we were required by the seller to execute as the borrower a $286.0 million Promissory Note with an interest rate of 4.0% per annum, maturing in 2020.common stock.
On July 27, 2017, we entered into an amended and restated $1.3 billion Unsecured Credit Agreement which increased the amount available under the unsecured revolving credit facility to $1.0 billion and extended the maturities of the unsecured revolving credit facility to June 30, 2022 and for the $300.0 million unsecured term loan until February 1, 2023. The interest rate on the unsecured revolving credit facility is adjusted LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 0.83% to 1.55% per annum based on HTA’s credit rating.
On October 24, 2017,August 2, 2018, our Board of Directors announced aan increased quarterly dividend of $0.305$0.310 per share of common stock.stock and per OP Unit.
Critical Accounting Policies
The complete list of our critical accounting policies was disclosed in our 20162017 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies as disclosed therein.herein. For further information on significant accounting policies that impact us, see Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of recently issued or adopted accounting pronouncements.

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Factors Which May Influence Results of Operations
We are not aware of any material trends or uncertainties, other than national economic conditions affecting real estate generally and the risk factors previously listed in Part I, Item 1A - Risk Factors, in our 20162017 Annual Report on Form 10-K that may reasonably be expected to have a material impact, favorable or unfavorable, on revenues or income from the investment, management and operation of our properties.
Rental Income
The amount of rental income generated by our properties depends principally on our ability to maintain the occupancy rates of currently leased space and to lease currently available space and space that will become available from unscheduled lease terminations at the then applicable rental rates. Negative trends in one or more of these factors could adversely affect our rental income in future periods.

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Investment Activity
IncludingDuring the Duke Acquisition, during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we had investments with an aggregate purchase price of $2.7$12.3 million and no dispositions. Including the Duke acquisition, during the six months ended June 30, 2017, we had investments with an aggregate gross purchase price of $2.6 billion, which included a 50% ownership in an unconsolidated joint venture as of the date of the acquisition, and a disposition with a gross sales price of $5.0 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we had investments with an aggregate gross purchase price of $633.0 million and a disposition with a gross sales price of $26.5 million. The amount of any future acquisitions or dispositions could have a significant impact on our results of operations in future periods.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the three months ended SeptemberThree and Six Months Ended June 30, 20172018 and 20162017, respectively, is set forth below:
 Three Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016 Change % Change
Revenues:       
Rental income$175,431
 $118,252
 $57,179
 48.4 %
Interest and other operating income563
 88
 475
 NM
Total revenues175,994
 118,340
 57,654
 48.7
Expenses:       
Rental56,331
 36,885
 19,446
 52.7
General and administrative8,283
 7,293
 990
 13.6
Transaction261
 1,122
 (861) (76.7)
Depreciation and amortization70,491
 47,864
 22,627
 47.3
Total expenses135,366
 93,164
 42,202
 45.3
Income before other income (expense)40,628
 25,176
 15,452
 61.4
Interest expense:       
Interest related to derivative financial instruments(264) (552) 288
 52.2
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net
 1,306
 (1,306) (100.0)
Total interest related to derivative financial instruments, including net change in fair value of derivative financial instruments(264) 754
 (1,018) (135.0)
Interest related to debt(25,924) (16,386) (9,538) (58.2)
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net(774) (3,000) 2,226
 74.2
Income from unconsolidated joint venture318
 
 318
 NM
Other (expense) income(27) 95
 (122) NM
Net income$13,957
 $6,639
 $7,318
 110.2 %
        
NOI$119,663
 $81,455
 $38,208
 46.9 %
Same-Property Cash NOI$80,285
 $78,043
 $2,242
 2.9 %

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Comparison of the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, is set forth below:
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016 Change % Change
Revenues:       
Rental income$438,949
 $338,646
 $100,303
 29.6 %
Interest and other operating income1,271
 243
 1,028
 NM
Total revenues440,220
 338,889
 101,331
 29.9
Expenses:       
Rental138,874
 105,299
 33,575
 31.9
General and administrative25,178
 20,879
 4,299
 20.6
Transaction5,618
 4,997
 621
 12.4
Depreciation and amortization172,900
 130,430
 42,470
 32.6
Impairment5,093
 
 5,093
 NM
Total expenses347,663
 261,605
 86,058
 32.9
Income before other income (expense)92,557
 77,284
 15,273
 19.8
Interest expense:       
Interest related to derivative financial instruments(827) (1,856) 1,029
 55.4
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net884
 (2,144) 3,028
 141.2
Total interest related to derivative financial instruments, including net change in fair value of derivative financial instruments57
 (4,000) 4,057
 101.4
Interest related to debt(59,688) (44,503) (15,185) (34.1)
Gain on sale of real estate, net3
 4,212
 (4,209) (99.9)
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net(11,192) (3,022) (8,170) NM
Income from unconsolidated joint venture381
 
 381
 NM
Other (expense) income(13) 220
 (233) (105.9)
Net income$22,105
 $30,191
 $(8,086) (26.8)%
        
NOI$301,346
 $233,590
 $67,756
 29.0 %
Same-Property Cash NOI$217,758
 $211,128
 $6,630
 3.1 %
As of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, we owned and operated approximately 24.2 million and 17.624.0 million square feet of GLA, respectively, with a leased rate of 91.7%91.9% and 91.8%92.0%, respectively (includes leases which have been executed, but which have not yet commenced), and an occupancy rate of 90.6%90.9%, and 91.3%91.1%, respectively. All explanations are applicable to both HTA and HTALP unless otherwise noted.
Comparison of the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, is set forth below:
 Three Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 Change % Change
Revenues:       
Rental income$173,221
 $139,525
 33,696
 24.2 %
Interest and other operating income111
 354
 (243) (68.6)
Total revenues173,332
 139,879
 33,453
 23.9
Expenses:       
Rental53,553
 43,523
 10,030
 23.0
General and administrative8,725
 8,472
 253
 3.0
Transaction396
 5,073
 (4,677) (92.2)
Depreciation and amortization69,104
 55,353
 13,751
 24.8
Impairment
 5,093
 (5,093) NM
Total expenses131,778
 117,514
 14,264
 12.1
Income before other income (expense)41,554
 22,365
 19,189
 85.8
Interest income (expense):       
Interest related to derivative financial instruments186
 (239) 425
 NM
Gain on change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net
 45
 (45) NM
Total interest related to derivative financial instruments, including net change in fair value of derivative financial instruments186
 (194) 380
 NM
Interest related to debt(26,491) (17,706) (8,785) (49.6)
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net
 (10,386) 10,386
 NM
Income from unconsolidated joint venture403
 63
 340
 NM
Other income5
 6
 (1) (16.7)
Net income (loss)$15,657
 $(5,852) $21,509
 NM
        
NOI$119,779
 $96,419
 $23,360
 24.2 %
Same-Property Cash NOI$77,887
 $75,939
 $1,948
 2.6 %

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Comparison of the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, is set forth below:
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 Change % Change
Revenues:       
Rental income$348,788
 $263,518
 $85,270
 32.4 %
Interest and other operating income205
 708
 (503) (71.0)
Total revenues348,993
 264,226
 84,767
 32.1
Expenses:       
Rental109,575
 82,543
 27,032
 32.7
General and administrative17,511
 16,895
 616
 3.6
Transaction587
 5,357
 (4,770) (89.0)
Depreciation and amortization139,496
 102,409
 37,087
 36.2
Impairment4,606
 5,093
 (487) (9.6)
Total expenses271,775
 212,297
 59,478
 28.0
Income before other income (expense)77,218
 51,929
 25,289
 48.7
Interest income (expense):       
Interest related to derivative financial instruments128
 (563) 691
 NM
Gain on change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net
 884
 (884) NM
Total interest related to derivative financial instruments, including net change in fair value of derivative financial instruments128
 321
 (193) (60.1)
Interest related to debt(52,686) (33,764) (18,922) (56.0)
Gain on sale of real estate, net
 3
 (3) NM
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net
 (10,418) 10,418
 NM
Income from unconsolidated joint venture973
 63
 910
 NM
Other income40
 14
 26
 NM
Net income$25,673
 $8,148
 $17,525
 NM
        
NOI$239,418
 $181,746
 $57,672
 31.7 %
Same-Property Cash NOI$154,130
 $150,437
 $3,693
 2.5 %
Rental Income
For the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively, rental income was comprised of the following (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 Change % Change
Contractual rental income$166,281
 $134,702
 $31,579
 23.4%
Straight-line rent and amortization of above and (below) market leases3,885
 2,734
 1,151
 42.1
Other rental revenue3,055
 2,089
 966
 46.2
Total rental income$173,221
 $139,525
 $33,696
 24.2%
 Three Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016 Change % Change
Contractual rental income$169,099
 $114,202
 $54,897
 48.1%
Straight-line rent and amortization of above and (below) market leases4,269
 2,299
 1,970
 85.7
Other operating revenue2,063
 1,751
 312
 17.8
Total rental income$175,431
 $118,252
 $57,179
 48.4%
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016 Change % Change
Contractual rental income$423,696
 $327,779
 $95,917
 29.3%
Straight-line rent and amortization of above and (below) market leases9,475
 6,503
 2,972
 45.7
Other operating revenue5,778
 4,364
 1,414
 32.4
Total rental income$438,949
 $338,646
 $100,303
 29.6%

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 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 Change % Change
Contractual rental income$334,814
 $254,599
 $80,215
 31.5%
Straight-line rent and amortization of above and (below) market leases8,475
 5,206
 3,269
 62.8
Other rental revenue5,499
 3,713
 1,786
 48.1
Total rental income$348,788
 $263,518
 $85,270
 32.4%
Contractual rental income, which includes expense reimbursements, increased $54.9$31.6 million and $95.9$80.2 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, respectively, compared to the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. The increases were primarily due to $53.2$34.6 million and $94.6$84.6 million of additional contractual rental income from our 20162017 and 20172018 acquisitions (including properties owned during both periods)and contractual rent increases for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, respectively, and contractual rent increases, partially offset by a decrease in contractual rent as a result of buildings we sold during 2016 and 2017.

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Average starting and ending annualexpiring base rents for GLA entered into for new and renewal leases consisted of the following for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively (in square feet and per square foot of GLA):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
New and renewal leases:       
Average starting annual base rents$22.34
 $25.17
 $22.46
 $22.67
Average ending annual base rents21.94
 24.60
 22.47
 22.54
New and renewal leases:
       
Average starting base rents$23.23
 $22.36
 $23.26
 $22.52
Average expiring base rents22.87
 22.19
 22.85
 22.71
              
Square feet of GLA745,000
 339,000
 2,040,000
 1,125,000
1,009,000
 519,000
 1,672,000
 1,295,000
Lease rates can vary across markets, and lease rates that are considered above or below current market rent may change over time. Leases that expired in 20172018 had rents that we believed were at market rates. In general, leasing concessions vary depending on lease type and term.
Tenant improvements, leasing commissions and tenant concessions for new and renewal leases consisted of the following for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively (in per square foot of GLA):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
New leases:              
Tenant improvements$17.18
 $20.28
 $18.18
 $21.10
$26.75
 $20.46
 $25.76
 $18.97
Leasing commissions1.92
 4.91
 2.01
 4.29
2.03
 1.75
 1.77
 2.08
Tenant concessions1.93
 3.81
 2.68
 3.92
4.13
 3.66
 2.93
 3.29
Renewal leases:              
Tenant improvements$8.58
 $9.46
 $7.50
 $6.19
$9.81
 $6.64
 $8.01
 $6.96
Leasing commissions1.02
 2.32
 1.09
 1.57
1.67
 0.94
 1.44
 1.12
Tenant concessions0.80
 1.71
 1.45
 1.06
0.44
 1.89
 0.94
 1.78
The average term for new and renewal leases executed consisted of the following for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively (in years):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
New leases6.2 5.4 5.8 5.47.8 5.8 7.1 5.6
Renewal leases5.5 4.5 5.0 4.85.9 4.4 5.4 4.7
Rental Expenses
For the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, rental expenses attributable to our properties were $56.3$53.6 million and $36.9$43.5 million, respectively. For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, rental expenses attributable to our properties were $138.9$109.6 million and $105.3$82.5 million, respectively. The increases in rental expenses were primarily due to $20.9$14.5 million and $34.8$33.5 million of additional rental expenses associated with our 20162017 and 20172018 acquisitions for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, respectively, partially offset by improved operating efficiencies and a decrease in rental expenses as a result of the buildings we sold during 2016 and 2017.
General and Administrative Expenses
For the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, general and administrative expenses were $8.3$8.7 million and $7.3$8.5 million, respectively. For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, general and administrative expenses were $25.2$17.5 million and $20.9$16.9 million, respectively. The increases in general and administrative expenses were primarily due to an increase in non-cash compensation expense and an overall increase in head count due to the continued growth of the company. General and administrative expenses include such costs as salaries, corporate overhead and professional fees, among other items.
Transaction Expenses
For the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, transaction expenses were $0.4 million and $5.1 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, transaction expenses were $0.6 million and $5.4 million, respectively. Transaction expenses increased in 2017 due to $4.6 million of non-incremental costs related to the Duke acquisition.

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Transaction ExpensesDepreciation and Amortization Expense
For the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016, transaction expenses were $0.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, transaction expenses were $5.6 million and $5.0 million, respectively. The increase in transaction expenses, which have been adjusted to reflect the prospective presentation of the early adoption of ASU 2017-01 as of January 1, 2017, include $4.6 million of compensation and severance payments to Duke employees pursuant to the Duke Purchase Agreements in connection with the Duke Acquisition. As a result of the adoption, a significant portion of these expenses are now capitalized as part of our investment allocations.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, depreciation and amortization expense was $70.5$69.1 million and $47.9$55.4 million, respectively. For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, depreciation and amortization expense was $172.9$139.5 million and $130.4$102.4 million, respectively. The increases in depreciation and amortization expense werewas primarily due to the increaseincrease in the size of our portfolio.
Impairment
During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018, we recorded impairment charges of $4.6 million related to two MOBs located in Texas and South Carolina with an aggregate value of $13.0 million. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, we recorded an impairment chargecharges of $5.1 million that related to an MOB in our portfolio located in Massachusetts. We did not record any impairment charges for the three months ended September 30, 2017 or the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.
Interest Expense and Net Change in Fair Value of Derivative Financial Instruments
Interest expense, excluding the impact of the net change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, increased by $9.3$8.4 million and $14.2$18.2 million, during the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, respectively, compared to the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. The increases were primarily the result of higher average debt outstanding during the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, as a result of the use of debt to partially fundingfund our investments over the last 12 months with debt and a change in the composition of our debt, driven by an increase in long-term senior unsecured notes, including the $350.0 million 10-year senior unsecured notes issued in July 2016 at a coupon rate of 3.50% per annum, the $400.0 million and $500.0 million 5-year and 10-year senior unsecured notes issued in June 2017 at a coupon rate of 2.95% per annum and 3.75% per annum, respectively.
During the three months ended September 30, 2017, no gain or loss on change in fair value was recorded as we did not have any derivative financial instruments classified as non-designated hedges. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, the fair market value of our derivatives had a net increase of $1.3 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the fair market value of our derivatives increased $0.9 million, compared to a net decrease of $2.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
To achieve our objectives, we borrow at both fixed and variable rates. From time to time, we also enter into derivative financial instruments, such as interest rate swaps, in order to mitigate our interest rate risk on a related financial instrument. We do not enter into derivative or interest rate transactions for speculative purposes. Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage our exposure to interest rate movements.
Gain or Loss on Extinguishment of Debt
For the three and six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018, no gain or loss on extinguishment of debt was recorded. For the three and 2016,six months ended June 30, 2017, we realized a net loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.8 million and $3.0 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, we realized a net$10.4 million. The loss on extinguishment of debt of $11.2 million and $3.0 million, respectively. The increase was primarily due to fees we incurred in connection with the execution and our termination of the Bridge Loan Facilitya bridge loan facility we entered into as part of the Duke Acquisition.acquisition.
Net Income or Loss
Net income (loss) increased $21.5 million to $15.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. Net income increased $17.5 million to $25.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. These increases were primarily the result of continued growth in our operations and improved operating efficiencies.
NOI and Same-Property Cash NOI
NOI increased $38.2$23.4 million to $119.7$119.8 million for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. NOI increased $67.8$57.7 million to $301.3$239.4 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. These increases were primarily due to $35.5$21.9 million and $66.3$55.9 million of additional NOI from our 20162017 and 20172018 acquisitions for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, respectively, which was partially offset by a decrease in NOI as a result of the buildings we sold during 2016 and 2017 and a reduction in straight-line rent from properties we owned more than a year.
Same-Property Cash NOI increased $2.2$1.9 million to $80.3$77.9 million for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018 compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. Same-Property Cash NOI increased $6.6$3.7 million to $217.8$154.1 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. These increases were primarily the result of rent escalations, an increase in average occupancy, and improved operating efficiencies.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures
FFO and Normalized FFO
We compute FFO in accordance with the current standards established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”). NAREIT defines FFO as net income or loss attributable to common stockholders/unitholders (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains or losses from sales of real estate property and impairment write-downs of depreciable assets, plus depreciation and amortization related to investments in real estate, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. We present this non-GAAP financial measure because we consider it an important supplemental measure of our operating performance and believe it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of REITs. Historical cost accounting assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes ratably over time. Since real estate values have historically risen or fallen based on market conditions, many industry investors have considered the presentation of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves. Because FFO excludes depreciation and amortization unique to real estate, among other items, it provides a perspective not immediately apparent from net income or loss attributable to common stockholders/unitholders.
We also compute Normalized FFO, which excludes from FFO: (i) transaction expenses; (ii) gain or loss on change in fair value of derivative financial instruments; (iii) gain or loss on extinguishment of debt; (iv) noncontrolling income or loss from OP Units included in diluted shares (only applicable to the Company); and (v) other normalizing items, which include items that are unusual and infrequent in nature. We present this non-GAAP financial measure because it allows for the comparison of our operating performance to other REITs and between periods on a consistent basis. Our methodology for calculating Normalized FFO may be different from the methods utilized by other REITs and, accordingly, may not be comparable to other REITs. Normalized FFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income or loss attributable to common stockholders/unitholders (computed in accordance with GAAP) as an indicator of our financial performance, nor is it indicative of cash available to fund cash needs. Normalized FFO should be reviewed in connection with other GAAP measurements.
The amounts included in the calculation of FFO and Normalized FFO are generally the same for HTALP and HTA, except for net income or loss attributable to common stockholders/unitholders, noncontrolling income or loss from OP Units included in diluted shares (only applicable to the Company) and the weighted average shares of our common stock or HTALP OP Units outstanding.

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The following is the reconciliation of HTA’s FFO and Normalized FFO to net income or loss attributable to common stockholders for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively (in thousands, except per share data):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Net income attributable to common stockholders$13,763
 $6,427
 $21,390
 $29,361
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders$15,346
 $(5,918) $25,148
 $7,627
Depreciation and amortization expense related to investments in real estate70,021
 47,545
 171,678
 129,477
68,585
 54,968
 138,441
 101,657
Gain on sale of real estate, net
 
 (3) (4,212)
 
 
 (3)
Impairment
 
 5,093
 

 5,093
 4,606
 5,093
Proportionate share of joint venture depreciation, amortization and other adjustments464
 
 506
 
Proportionate share of joint venture depreciation and amortization463
 42
 814
 42
FFO attributable to common stockholders$84,248
 $53,972
 $198,664
 $154,626
$84,394
 $54,185
 $169,009
 $114,416
Transaction expenses (1)
261
 1,122
 975
 4,997
252
 430
 443
 714
(Gain) loss on change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net
 (1,306) (884) 2,144
Gain on change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net
 (45) 
 (884)
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net774
 3,000
 11,192
 3,022

 10,386
 
 10,418
Noncontrolling income from partnership units included in diluted shares166
 211
 635
 802
297
 44
 478
 469
Other normalizing items, net (2)(1)

 133
 4,643
 117
144
 4,643
 144
 4,643
Normalized FFO attributable to common stockholders$85,449
 $57,132
 $215,225
 $165,708
$85,087
 $69,643
 $170,074
 $129,776
              
Net income attributable to common stockholders per diluted share$0.07
 $0.04
 $0.12
 $0.21
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders per diluted share$0.07
 $(0.03) $0.12
 $0.05
FFO adjustments per diluted share, net0.34
 0.34
 1.00
 0.91
0.33
 0.33
 0.69
 0.65
FFO attributable to common stockholders per diluted share$0.41
 $0.38
 $1.12
 $1.12
$0.40
 $0.30
 $0.81
 $0.70
Normalized FFO adjustments per diluted share, net0.01
 0.02
 0.09
 0.08
0.01
 0.09
 0.00
 0.09
Normalized FFO attributable to common stockholders per diluted share$0.42
 $0.40
 $1.21
 $1.20
$0.41
 $0.39
 $0.81
 $0.79
              
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding(2)204,795
 143,138
 177,410
 138,314
209,259
 180,672
 209,218
 163,490
              
(1) For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, amounts have been adjusted to reflect the prospective presentation of the early adoption of ASU 2017-01 as of January 1, 2017.
(2) For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, other normalizing items include $4.6 million of compensation and severance payments to Duke employees pursuant to the Duke purchase agreements in connection with the Duke Acquisition that were included in transaction expenses on HTA’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. In addition, other normalizing items excludes lease termination fees as they are deemed to be generated in the ordinary course of business.
(1) For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, other normalizing items include $4.6 million of non-incremental costs related to the Duke acquisition that were included in transaction expenses on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.(1) For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, other normalizing items include $4.6 million of non-incremental costs related to the Duke acquisition that were included in transaction expenses on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
(2) For the three months ended June 30, 2017, these securities are anti-dilutive on a GAAP basis as a result of our net loss, but are considered dilutive on a non-GAAP basis in periods where we report non-GAAP net income.(2) For the three months ended June 30, 2017, these securities are anti-dilutive on a GAAP basis as a result of our net loss, but are considered dilutive on a non-GAAP basis in periods where we report non-GAAP net income.


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The following is the reconciliation of HTALP’s FFO and Normalized FFO to net income or loss attributable to common unitholders for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively (in thousands, except per unit data):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Net income attributable to common unitholders$13,929
 $6,638
 $22,025
 $30,163
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders$15,643
 $(5,874) $25,626
 $8,096
Depreciation and amortization expense related to investments in real estate70,021
 47,545
 171,678
 129,477
68,585
 54,968
 138,441
 101,657
Gain on sale of real estate, net
 
 (3) (4,212)
 
 
 (3)
Impairment
 
 5,093
 

 5,093
 4,606
 5,093
Proportionate share of joint venture depreciation, amortization and other adjustments464
 
 506
 
Proportionate share of joint venture depreciation and amortization463
 42
 814
 42
FFO attributable to common unitholders$84,414
 $54,183
 $199,299
 $155,428
$84,691
 $54,229
 $169,487
 $114,885
Transaction expenses (1)
261
 1,122
 975
 4,997
252
 430
 443
 714
(Gain) loss on change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net
 (1,306) (884) 2,144
Gain on change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net
 (45) 
 (884)
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net774
 3,000
 11,192
 3,022

 10,386
 
 10,418
Other normalizing items, net (2)(1)

 133
 4,643
 117
144
 4,643
 144
 4,643
Normalized FFO attributable to common unitholders85,449
 57,132
 215,225
 165,708
$85,087
 $69,643
 $170,074
 $129,776
              
Net income attributable to common unitholders per diluted unit$0.07
 $0.05
 $0.12
 $0.22
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders per diluted unit$0.07
 $(0.03) $0.12
 $0.05
FFO adjustments per diluted unit, net0.34
 0.33
 1.00
 0.90
0.33
 0.33
 0.69
 0.65
FFO attributable to common unitholders per diluted unit0.41
 0.38
 1.12
 1.12
$0.40
 $0.30
 $0.81
 $0.70
Normalized FFO adjustments per diluted unit, net0.01
 0.02
 0.09
 0.08
0.01
 0.09
 0.00
 0.09
Normalized FFO attributable to common unitholders per diluted unit$0.42
 $0.40
 $1.21
 $1.20
$0.41
 $0.39
 $0.81
 $0.79
              
Weighted average diluted common units outstanding(2)204,795
 143,137
 177,410
 138,314
209,259
 180,672
 209,218
 163,490
              
(1) For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, amounts have been adjusted to reflect the prospective presentation of the early adoption of ASU 2017-01 as of January 1, 2017.
(2) For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, other normalizing items include $4.6 million of compensation and severance payments to Duke employees pursuant to the Duke purchase agreements in connection with the Duke Acquisition that were included in transaction expenses on HTA’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. In addition, other normalizing items excludes lease termination fees as they are deemed to be generated in the ordinary course of business.
(1) For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, other normalizing items include $4.6 million of non-incremental costs related to the Duke acquisition that were included in transaction expenses on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.(1) For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, other normalizing items include $4.6 million of non-incremental costs related to the Duke acquisition that were included in transaction expenses on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
(2) For the three months ended June 30, 2017, these securities are anti-dilutive on a GAAP basis as a result of our net loss, but are considered dilutive on a non-GAAP basis in periods where we report non-GAAP net income.(2) For the three months ended June 30, 2017, these securities are anti-dilutive on a GAAP basis as a result of our net loss, but are considered dilutive on a non-GAAP basis in periods where we report non-GAAP net income.
NOI, Cash NOI and Same-Property Cash NOI
NOI is a non-GAAP financial measure that is defined as net income or loss (computed in accordance with GAAP) before: (i) general and administrative expenses; (ii) transaction expenses; (iii) depreciation and amortization expense; (iv) impairment; (v) interest expense and net change in fair value of derivative financial instruments; (vi) gain or loss on sales of real estate; (vii) gain or loss on extinguishment of debt; (viii) income or loss from unconsolidated joint venture; and (ix) other income or expense. We believe that NOI provides an accurate measure of the operating performance of our operating assets because NOI excludes certain items that are not associated with the management of our properties. Additionally, we believe that NOI is a widely accepted measure of comparative operating performance of REITs. However, our use of the term NOI may not be comparable to that of other REITs as they may have different methodologies for computing this amount. NOI should not be considered as an alternative to net income or loss (computed in accordance with GAAP) as an indicator of our financial performance. NOI should be reviewed in connection with other GAAP measurements.

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Cash NOI is a non-GAAP financial measure which excludes from NOI: (i) straight-line rent adjustments andadjustments; (ii) amortization of below and above market leases/leasehold interestsinterests; (iii) notes receivable interest income; and lease termination fees.(iv) other GAAP adjustments. Contractual base rent, contractual rent increases, contractual rent concessions and changes in occupancy or lease rates upon commencement and expiration of leases are a primary driver of our revenue performance. We believe that Cash NOI, which removes the impact of straight-line rent adjustments, provides another measurement of the operating performance of our operating assets. Additionally, we believe that Cash NOI is a widely accepted measure of comparative operating performance of REITs. However, our use of the term Cash NOI may not be comparable to that of other REITs as they may have different methodologies for computing this amount. Cash NOI should not be considered as an alternative to net income or loss (computed in accordance with GAAP) as an indicator of our financial performance. Cash NOI should be reviewed in connection with other GAAP measurements.

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To facilitate the comparison of Cash NOI between periods, we calculate comparable amounts for a subset of our owned and operational properties referred to as “Same-Property”. Same-Property Cash NOI excludes (i) properties which have not been owned and operated by us during the entire span of all periods presented excludingand disposed properties, (ii) our share of unconsolidated joint ventures, (iii) development, redevelopment and land parcels, (iv) properties intended for disposition in the near term notes receivable interest incomewhich have (a) been approved by the Board of Directors, (b) is actively marketed for sale, and (c) an offer has been received at prices we would transact and the sales process is ongoing, and (v) certain non-routine items. Same-Property Cash NOI should not be considered as an alternative to net income or loss (computed in accordance with GAAP) as an indicator of our financial performance. Same-Property Cash NOI should be reviewed in connection with other GAAP measurements.
The following is the reconciliation of HTA’s and HTALP’s NOI, Cash NOI and Same-Property Cash NOI to net income or loss for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Net income$13,957
 $6,639
 $22,105
 $30,191
General and administrative expenses8,283
 7,293
 25,178
 20,879
Transaction expenses (1)
261
 1,122
 5,618
 4,997
Depreciation and amortization expense70,491
 47,864
 172,900
 130,430
Impairment
 
 5,093
 
Interest expense and net change in fair value of derivative financial instruments26,188
 15,632
 59,631
 48,503
Gain on sale of real estate, net
 
 (3) (4,212)
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net774
 3,000
 11,192
 3,022
Income from unconsolidated joint venture(318) 
 (381) 
Other expense (income)27
 (95) 13
 (220)
NOI$119,663
 $81,455
 $301,346
 $233,590
Straight-line rent adjustments, net(3,009) (1,161) (5,834) (3,636)
Amortization of (below) and above market leases/leasehold interests, net and lease termination fees214
 3
 246
 497
Cash NOI$116,868
 $80,297
 $295,758
 $230,451
Notes receivable interest income(503) (68) (1,089) (68)
Non Same-Property Cash NOI(36,080) (2,186) (76,911) (19,255)
Same-Property Cash NOI (2)
$80,285
 $78,043
 $217,758
 $211,128
        
(1) For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, transaction costs have been adjusted to reflect the prospective presentation of the early adoption of ASU 2017-01 as of January 1, 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, transactions costs included $4.6 million of compensation and severance payments to Duke employees pursuant to the Duke purchase agreements in connection with the Duke Acquisition.
(2) Same-Property includes 338 and 296 buildings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

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 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Net income (loss)$15,657
 $(5,852) $25,673
 $8,148
General and administrative expenses8,725
 8,472
 17,511
 16,895
Transaction expenses (1)
396
 5,073
 587
 5,357
Depreciation and amortization expense69,104
 55,353
 139,496
 102,409
Impairment
 5,093
 4,606
 5,093
Interest expense and net change in fair value of derivative financial instruments26,305
 17,900
 52,558
 33,443
Gain on sale of real estate, net
 
 
 (3)
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net
 10,386
 
 10,418
Income from unconsolidated joint venture(403) 
 (973) 
Other income(5) (6) (40) (14)
NOI$119,779
 $96,419
 $239,418
 $181,746
Straight-line rent adjustments, net(2,377) (1,616) (5,543) (2,825)
Amortization of (below) and above market leases/leasehold interests, net40
 126
 255
 32
Notes receivable interest income and other GAAP adjustments(19) (240) (149) (495)
Cash NOI$117,423
 $94,689
 $233,981
 $178,458
Acquisitions not owned/operated for all periods presented and disposed properties Cash NOI(33,664) (11,973) (68,340) (14,535)
Redevelopment Cash NOI(365) (1,149) (622) (2,364)
Intended for sale Cash NOI(5,507) (5,628) (10,889) (11,122)
Same-Property Cash NOI (2)
$77,887
 $75,939
 $154,130
 $150,437
        
(1) For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, transaction costs include $4.6 million of non-incremental costs related to the Duke acquisition.
(2) Same-Property includes 321 and 319 buildings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of cash include: (i) cash flow from operations; (ii) borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility; (iii) net proceeds from the issuances of debt and equity securities; and (iv) proceeds from our dispositions. During the next 12 months our primary uses of cash are expected to include: (a) the funding of acquisitions of MOBs, development properties and other facilities that serve the healthcare industry; (b) capital expenditures; (c) the payment of operating expenses; (d) debt service payments, including principal payments; and (e) the payment of dividends to our stockholders. We anticipate cash flow from operations, restricted cash and reserve accounts and our unsecured revolving credit facility, if needed, will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses, capital expenditures and dividends to stockholders. Investments and maturing indebtedness may require funds from the issuance of debt and/or equity securities or proceeds from sales of real estate.
As of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018, we had liquidity of $928.9 million,$1.0 billion, including $919.5$994.5 million available under our unsecured revolving credit facility (which includes the impact of $5.5 million of outstanding letters of credit) and $9.4$26.2 million of cash and cash equivalents.

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In addition, we had unencumbered assets with a gross book value of $6.2$6.4 billion. The unencumbered properties may be used as collateral to secure additional financings in future periods or refinance our current debt as it becomes due. Our ability to raise funds from future debt and equity issuances is dependent on our investment grade credit ratings, general economic and market conditions and our operating performance.
When we acquire a property, we prepare a capital plan that contemplates the estimated capital needs of that investment. In addition to operating expenses, capital needs may also include costs of refurbishment, tenant improvements or other major capital expenditures. The capital plan for each investment will be adjusted through ongoing, regular reviews of our portfolio or as necessary to respond to unanticipated additional capital needs. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we estimate that our expenditures for capital improvements for the remainder of 20172018 will range from $10.0$30.0 million to $15.0$35.0 million depending on leasing activity. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we had $2.9$3.7 million of restricted cash and reserve accounts for such capital expenditures. We cannot provide assurance, however, that we will not exceed these estimated expenditure levels.
If we experience lower occupancy levels, reduced rental rates, reduced revenues as a result of asset sales, or increased capital expenditures and leasing costs compared to historical levels due to competitive market conditions for new and renewal leases, the effect would be a reduction of net cash provided by operating activities. If such a reduction of net cash provided by operating activities is realized, we may have a cash flow deficit in subsequent periods. Our estimate of net cash available is based on various assumptions which are difficult to predict, including the levels of our leasing activity and related leasing costs. Any changes in these assumptions could impact our financial results and our ability to fund working capital and unanticipated cash needs.
Cash Flows
The following is a summary of our cash flows for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively (in thousands):
 Nine Months Ended September 30,  
 2017 2016 Change
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period$11,231
 $13,070
 $(1,839)
Net cash provided by operating activities228,542
 148,257
 80,285
Net cash used in investing activities(2,487,471) (541,080) (1,946,391)
Net cash provided by financing activities2,257,108
 397,691
 1,859,417
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period$9,410
 $17,938
 $(8,528)
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 Change
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - beginning of period (1)
$118,560
 $25,045
 $93,515
Net cash provided by operating activities156,108
 140,521
 15,587
Net cash used in investing activities (1)
(69,511) (2,293,278) 2,223,767
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(165,552) 2,252,332
 (2,417,884)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - end of period (1)
$39,605
 $124,620
 $(85,015)
      
(1) The amounts for 2017 differ from amounts previously reported in our Quarterly Report for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as a result of the retrospective presentation of the early adoption of ASU 2016-18 in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K as of January 1, 2017. Additionally, the presentation of beginning of period and end of period cash now includes restricted cash as a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-18.
Net cash provided by operating activities increased in 20172018 primarily due to the impact of our 20162017 and 20172018 acquisitions, contractual rent increases and improved operating efficiencies, partially offset by our 2016 and 2017 dispositions. We anticipate cash flows from operating activities to increase as a result of the above items and continued leasing activity in our existing portfolio.
For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018, net cash used in investing activities primarily related to capital expenditures of $34.1 million, development of real estate of $23.9 million, and investments in real estate of $11.9 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, net cash used in investing activities primarily related to the investment in real estate was $2.4of $2.2 billion, investment in unconsolidated joint venture wasof $68.8 million, and capital expenditures of $26.0 million, which was $43.0 million, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of real estate of $4.7 million.
For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2018, net cash used in investingfinancing activities primarily related to the investment in real estate was $532.5dividends paid to holders of our common stock of $125.1 million and capital expenditurespayments on our secured mortgage loans of $99.2 million, which was $34.1 million, partially offset by net proceeds from the sale of real estateshares of $23.4common stock issued of $72.8 million. We anticipate cash flows used in investing activities to increase as we continue to acquire more properties.

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For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017, net cash provided by financing activities primarily related to the net proceeds of shares of common stock issued wasof $1.6 billion and net proceeds on the issuance of senior notes wasof $900.0 million, partially offset by dividends paid to holders of our common stock of $145.9 million and payments on our secured mortgage loans of $75.4 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, net cash provided by financing activities primarily related to the net proceeds of shares of common stock issued of $418.9 million and proceeds from unsecured senior notes of $347.7 million,which was partially offset by net payments on our unsecured revolving credit facilityagreement of $191.0$88.0 million, dividends paid to holders of our common stock of $116.7$85.7 million, and payments on our secured mortgage loans of $98.5$74.3 million.

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Dividends
The amount of dividends we pay to our stockholders is determined by our Board of Directors, in their sole discretion, and is dependent on a number of factors, including funds available, our financial condition, capital expenditure requirements and annual dividend distribution requirements needed to maintain our status as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. We have paid monthly or quarterly dividends since February 2007, and if our investments produce sufficient cash flow, we expect to continue to pay dividends to our stockholders. Because our cash available for dividend distributions in any year may be less than 90% of our taxable income for the year, we may obtain the necessary funds through borrowings, issuing new securities or selling assets to pay out enough of our taxable income to satisfy our dividend distribution requirement. Our organizational documents do not establish a limit on dividends that may constitute a return of capital for federal income tax purposes. The dividend we pay to our stockholders is equal to the distributions received from HTALP in accordance with the terms of HTALP’s partnership agreement. It is our intention to continue to pay dividends. However, our Board of Directors may reduce our dividend rate and we cannot guarantee the timing and amount of dividends that itwe may pay in the future, if any.
For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we paid cash dividends of $145.9 million.$125.1 million on our common stock. In October 2017,July 2018, we paid cash dividends on our common stock of $61.2$63.3 million for the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017.2018. On October 24, 2017,August 2, 2018, our Board of Directors announced aan increased quarterly dividend of $0.305$0.310 per share of common stock. The dividends arestock and per OP Unit to be paid on January 9,October 5, 2018 to stockholders of record of our common stock and holders of our OP Units on JanuaryOctober 2, 2018.
Financing
We have historically maintained a low leveraged balance sheet and intend to continue to maintain this structure in the long term. However, our total leverage may fluctuate on a short-term basis as we execute our business strategy. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, our leverage ratio, measured by debt less cash and cash equivalents to total capitalization, was 31.9%31.8%.
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we had debt outstanding of $2.9$2.7 billion and the weighted average interest rate therein was 3.44%3.56% per annum, inclusive of the impact of our interest rate swaps. The following is a summary of our unsecured and secured debt. See Note 78 - Debt to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for a further discussion of our debt.
Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
In 2017, HTALP entered into an amended and restated $1.3 billion Unsecured Credit Agreement which increased the amount available under the unsecured revolving credit facility to $1.0 billion. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, $919.52018, $994.5 million was available on our $1.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility. Our unsecured revolving credit facility matures in June 2022.
Unsecured Term Loans
As of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018, we had $500.0 million of unsecured term loans outstanding, comprised of $300.0 million under our Unsecured Credit Agreement maturing in 2023, and $200.0 million alsounder our unsecured term loan maturing in 2023.
Unsecured Senior Notes
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we had $1.85 billion of unsecured senior notes outstanding, comprised of $300.0 million maturing in 2021, $400.0 million maturing in 2022, $300.0 million maturing in 2023, $350.0 million maturing in 2026, and $500.0 million maturing in 2027.
Mortgage Loans
In June 2017, as a part of the Duke Acquisition pursuant to a requirement of the seller, we entered as the borrower a $286.0 million Promissory Note which matures in 2020. During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we made payments of $75.4 million on our mortgage loans of $99.2 million and have $1.2$3.3 million of principal payments due during the remainder of 2017.2018.
Commitments and Contingencies
There have been no material changes from the commitments and contingencies previously disclosed in our 20162017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Debt Service Requirements
We are required by the terms of our applicable loan agreements to meet certain financial covenants, such as minimum net worth and liquidity, and reporting requirements, among others. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018, we believe that we were in compliance with all such covenants and we are not aware of any covenants that it is reasonably likely that we would not be able to meet in accordance with our loan agreements.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of Septemberand during the six months ended June 30, 2017,2018, we havehad no material off-balance sheet arrangements that have had or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Inflation
We are exposed to inflation risk as income from future long-term leases is the primary source of our cash flows from operations. There are provisions in the majority of our tenant leases that protect us from the impact of normal inflation. These provisions include rent escalations, reimbursement billings for operating expense pass-through charges and real estate tax and insurance reimbursements on a per square foot allowance. However, due to the long-term nature of our leases, among other factors, the leases may not reset frequently enough to cover inflation.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There werehave been no material changes infrom the information regardingquantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk that was providedpreviously disclosed in our 20162017 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The table below presents, as of September 30, 2017, the principal amounts of our fixed and variable debt and the weighted average interest rates, excluding the impact of interest rate swaps, by year of expected maturity to evaluate the expected cash flows and sensitivity to interest rate changes (in thousands, except interest rates):
 Expected Maturity Date
 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Thereafter Total
Fixed rate debt $915
 $99,777
 $104,821
 $117,769
 $303,424
 $1,639,147
 $2,265,853
Weighted average interest rate on fixed rate debt (per annum)5.43% 4.05% 4.19% 4.41% 3.40% 3.57% 3.64%
Variable rate debt$251
 $1,050
 $1,119
 $27,123
 $509
 $583,117
 $613,169
Weighted average interest rate on variable rate debt based on forward rates in effect as of September 30, 2017 (per annum)3.14% 3.27% 3.65% 3.40% 4.58% 3.64% 2.58%
As of September 30, 2017, we had $2.9 billion of fixed and variable rate debt with interest rates ranging from 2.30% to 6.39% per annum and a weighted average interest rate of 3.41% per annum, excluding the impact of interest rate swaps. We had $2.3 billion (excluding net premium/discount and deferred financing costs) of fixed rate debt with a weighted average interest rate of 3.64% per annum and $613.2 million (excluding net premium/discount and deferred financing costs) of variable rate debt with a weighted average interest rate of 2.58% per annum as of September 30, 2017, excluding the impact of interest rate swaps.
As of September 30, 2017, the fair value of our fixed rate debt was $2.3 billion and the fair value of our variable rate debt was $615.1 million based upon prevailing market rates as of September 30, 2017.
As of September 30, 2017, we had interest rate swaps outstanding that effectively fix $189.8 million of our variable rate debt. Including the impact of these interest rate swaps, the effective rate on our variable rate and total debt is 2.70% and 3.44% per annum, respectively.
In addition to changes in interest rates, the value of our future properties is subject to fluctuations based on changes in local and regional economic conditions and changes in the creditworthiness of tenants, which may affect our ability to refinance our debt if necessary.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Healthcare Trust of America, Inc.
HTA’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including HTA’s Chief Executive Officer (as the principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (as the principal financial officer and principal accounting officer), to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, an evaluation was conducted by HTA under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including HTA’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, HTA’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer each concluded that HTA’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017.2018.
We acquired the Duke assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and have integrated the assets and development platform on to our existing internal controls over financial reporting. Except for any changes in internal controls related to the integration of the Duke assets, thereThere were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably believed to be likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
October��25, 2017August 3, 2018


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Healthcare Trust of America Holdings, LP
HTALP’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including HTA’s Chief Executive Officer (as the principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (as the principal financial officer and principal accounting officer), to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, an evaluation was conducted by HTALP under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including HTA’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, HTA’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, on behalf of HTA in its capacity as general partner of HTALP, each concluded that HTALP’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017.2018.
We acquired the Duke assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and have integrated the assets and development platform on to our existing internal controls over financial reporting. Except for any changes in internal controls related to the integration of the Duke assets, thereThere were no changes in HTALP’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably believed to be likely to materially affect, HTALP’s internal control over financial reporting.
October 25, 2017August 3, 2018



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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We are subject to claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. We do not believe any liability from any reasonably foreseeable disposition of such claims and litigation, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our 20162017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
During the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we repurchased shares of our common stock as follows:
Period 
Total Number of
Shares Purchased (1) (2)
 
Average Price
Paid per Share (1) (2)
 
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of
Publicly Announced
Plan or Program
 Maximum Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs 
Total Number of
Shares Purchased (1) (2)
 
Average Price
Paid per Share (1) (2)
 
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of
Publicly Announced
Plan or Program
 Maximum Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1, 2017 to July 31, 2017 
 $
 
 
August 1, 2017 to August 31, 2017 2,466
 30.64
 
 
September 1, 2017 to September 30, 2017 
 
 
 
April 1, 2018 to April 30, 2018 
 $
 
 
May 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 670
 24.79
 
 
June 1, 2018 to June 30, 2018 336,040
 25.78
 
 (3)
                
(1) Purchases mainly represent shares withheld to satisfy withholding obligations on the vesting of restricted shares. The price paid per share was the then closing price of our common stock on the NYSE.(2) For each share of common stock redeemed by HTA, HTALP redeems a corresponding number of OP Units in the HTALP operating partnership. Therefore, the OP Units in the HTALP operating partnership repurchased by HTALP are the same as the shares of common stock repurchased by HTA as shown above.
(3) On June 8, 2018, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase plan of up to $100.0 million of our common stock from time to time prior to the expiration thereof on June 7, 2020. During June 2018, pursuant to this plan, we repurchased 333,002 shares of our common stock, at an average price of $26.26 per share, for an aggregate amount of $8.7 million.(3) On June 8, 2018, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase plan of up to $100.0 million of our common stock from time to time prior to the expiration thereof on June 7, 2020. During June 2018, pursuant to this plan, we repurchased 333,002 shares of our common stock, at an average price of $26.26 per share, for an aggregate amount of $8.7 million.
Item 6. Exhibits
The exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index (following the signatures section of this Quarterly Report) are included, and incorporated by reference, in this Quarterly Report.


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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrants haveregistrant has duly caused this report to be signed on theirits behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 Healthcare Trust of America, Inc.
    
By:/s/ Scott D. Peters Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman
  Scott D. Peters (Principal Executive Officer)
Date:October 25, 2017August 3, 2018  
    
By:/s/ Robert A. Milligan Chief Financial Officer
  Robert A. Milligan (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
Date:October 25, 2017August 3, 2018  
    


 Healthcare Trust of America Holdings, LP
    
By:Healthcare Trust of America, Inc.,
 ourits General Partner  
    
By:/s/ Scott D. Peters Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman
  Scott D. Peters (Principal Executive Officer)
Date:October 25, 2017August 3, 2018  
    
By:/s/ Robert A. Milligan Chief Financial Officer
  Robert A. Milligan (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
Date:October 25, 2017August 3, 2018  



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EXHIBIT INDEX
Pursuant to Item 601(a)(2) of Regulation S-K, this Exhibit Index immediately precedes the exhibits.
The following exhibits are included, or incorporated by reference, in this Quarterly Report for the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 (and are numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K).
1.110.1*
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15

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2.16
3.1
4.1
4.2
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
8.1
8.2
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
23.1
23.2
23.3
23.4
23.5
23.6
23.7
23.8

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31.1*
31.2*
31.3*
31.4*
32.1**
32.2**
32.3**
32.4**
101.INS*XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
  
*Filed herewith.
**Furnished herewith.


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