6.

NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE:

The Company computes loss per share of common stock using the two-class method required for participating securities.  The Company’s participating securities include all series of its convertible preferred stock.  Undistributed earnings allocated to these participating securities are added to net loss in determining net loss applicable to common stockholders.  Basic and Diluted loss per share are computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholder by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding.

Outstanding options and warrants underlying 1,954,475 shares were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share because thereceived that have an exercise price wasequal to the greater thanof (i) the average marketclosing price of our common stock on the date of conversion or (ii) $2.72 per share. Our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is also the Chief Executive Officer and Managing Member of both Lenders. CorLyst beneficially owns 6,859,527 shares of Processa common shares and, therefore, the effect would be anti-dilutive.

The calculationstock, representing approximately 17.7% of the numeratorCompany’s outstanding shares of voting capital stock.

We have not drawn any amounts under these LOC agreements.

Senior Convertible Notes

At September 30, 2019 and denominatorDecember 31, 2018, we had $0 and $230,000 of Senior Convertible Notes outstanding. The $230,000 outstanding at December 31, 2018 were held by Canadian investors that, although qualifying for basicautomatic and diluted net loss permandatory conversion, could not be converted until the Alberta Securities Commission released us from a cease trade order, which predated our merger with HeatWurx, and permitted us to issue common share is as follows:

7.

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES:

Vendorsstock units (consisting of shares of our common stock and Debt - The Company has significant liabilities as of March 31, 2017 with limited cash flow generated bystock purchase warrants) to these Canadian investors. In June 2019, the sale of Company assetsAlberta Securities Commission released the cease trade order and revenue. The Company has $323,349 in accounts payableassessed us a $10,000 fine, which was expensed. On July 2, 2019, we converted the principal and accrued expenses from continuing operations. In addition, the Company has $2,115,461 in debt andrelated accrued interest from continuing operations. The Company will work with their vendors and lenders to establish payment plans, explore extensions and conversion of debt.

8.

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS:

Dividend and Interest activity

Justin Yorke is the manager of the JMW Fund, LLC, the San Gabriel Fund, LLC, and the Richland Fund, LLC; and is a director of the Company.  Mr. McGrain, our Interim Chief executive officer and Interim Chief financial officer is also a member of the JMW Fund, LLC, the San Gabriel Fund, LLC, and the Richland Fund, LLC.  These funds own 4,725,721$258,930 into 126,741 shares of common stock and holds126,741 stock purchase warrants.

We are currently in the process of raising additional funds through the private sale of 8% Senior Convertible Notes (“8% Senior Notes”) to accredited investors. As of November 5, 2019, we have received into escrow $745,000 from the sale of 8% Senior Notes. We have not recorded these amounts in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements at September 30, 2019 since these investors, in connection with the revision of our agreement with PoC Capital and our entering into the LOC agreements, had the opportunity through October 18, 2019 to rescind their investment. No investors indicated their plan to rescind any investment and we plan to close the escrow account in the fourth quarter of 2019, at which time we will record the proceeds.

Note 6 – License Agreement for HT-100

As described in Note 1 – Business Activities and Organization, on August 29, 2019, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Akashi to develop and commercialize an anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory drug, HT-100. As partial consideration for the licenses, we paid $10,000 to Akashi upon full execution of the license agreement. This upfront payment was expensed as a research and development cost. As additional consideration, we will pay Akashi up to $12 million over the period of achieving certain future development and regulatory milestones related to the drug. The expense related to these milestone payments will be recorded as research and development expense over the period from when achieving the milestone is probable to when the milestone is actually achieved. The agreement also contains provisions for sales milestone payments and royalty payments.

Note 7 – Stockholders’ Equity

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, there were no sales of our preferred stock. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were no issued or outstanding shares of preferred stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, PoC Capital (our clinical trial funding commitment investor), made payments directly to our CRO totaling $689,168 for amounts invoiced. PoC Capital also repaid us $210,832 for clinical trial expenses we previously paid to our CRO, $180,119 of which is included in Prepaid and Other on our condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2019. As explained in Note 1 – Going Concern, we amended the existing pledge agreement with PoC Capital on September 30, 2019 to reduce the committed funds from $1.8 million to $900,000, which has now been paid in full. As part of the original pledge agreement, we issued 792,952 shares of common stock and 792,952 warrants to purchase 1,278,186shares of common stock to PoC Capital but held 396,476 shares and 396,476 warrants as collateral until certain payment milestones were met. PoC Capital forfeited the pledged collateral in the amended agreement and the shares have been reissued to Processa and will be retired.

In August 2019, we amended our articles of incorporation, reducing the authorized number of shares of our preferred stock from 10,000,000 to 1,000,000 and our common stock from 350,000,000 to 100,000,000.

Note 8 – Net Loss per Share of Common Stock

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average common shares outstanding. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average common shares outstanding, which includes potentially dilutive effect of stock options, warrants and senior convertible notes. Since we experienced a loss for all periods presented, including any dilutive common shares outstanding would have an anti-dilutive impact on diluted net loss per share, and as shown below, were excluded from the computation. The treasury-stock method is used to determine the dilutive effect of our stock options and warrants grants, and the if-converted method is used to determine the dilutive effect of the Senior Notes.

The computation of net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:

The following potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented.

Note 9 - Operating Leases

We lease our office space under an operating lease agreement. This lease does not have significant rent escalation, concessions, leasehold improvement incentives, or other build-out clauses. Further, the lease does not contain contingent rent provisions. We also lease office equipment under an operating lease. Our office space lease includes both lease (e.g., fixed payments including rent, taxes, and insurance costs) and non-lease components (e.g., common-area or other maintenance costs), which are accounted for as a single lease component as we have elected the practical expedient to group lease and non-lease components for all leases. Our leases do not provide an implicit rate and, as such, we have used our incremental borrowing rate of 8% in determining the present value of the lease payments based on the information available at the lease commencement date.

Lease costs included in our condensed consolidated statement of operations totaled $73,621 and $66,712 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rate for our operating leases were as follows at September 30, 2019:

Maturities of our lease liabilities for all operating leases were as follows as of September 30, 2019:

Note 10 – Related Party Transactions

A shareholder, CorLyst, LLC, reimburses us for shared costs related to payroll, health care insurance and rent based on actual costs incurred, which are recognized as a reduction of our general and administrative operating expenses being reimbursed in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Reimbursable expenses from CorLyst totaled $79,058 and $80,447 for rent and other costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. In August 2019, CorLyst prepaid us for Q3 and Q4 shared expenses. At September 30, 2019, we recognize $25,727 in prepaid reimbursements as due to related parties in the aggregate.

As of March 31, 2017accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. Amounts due from CorLyst at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2016 the Company had secured notes payable2018 were $0 and $21,583, respectively.

As described further in Note 1 – Going Concern, we also entered into two separate Line of Credit Agreements with JMW Fund, LLC, the San Gabriel Fund,CorLyst, LLC and the Richland Fund,DKBK Enterprises, LLC, both related parties, on September 20, 2019.

Note 11 – Commitments and Contingencies

Purchase Obligations

We enter into contracts in the aggregate amountnormal course of $962,361.  An outstanding balance of $138,000 on the revolving line of creditbusiness with contract research organizations and subcontractors to further develop our products. The contracts are cancellable, with varying provisions regarding termination. If a contract with a specific vendor were to be terminated, we would only be obligated for products or services that we received as of March 31, 2017the effective date of the termination and any applicable cancellation fees. We had a purchase obligation of approximately $16,000 and $35,000 at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2016.  Mr. Yorke, as2018, respectively.

Note 12 – Subsequent Events

Senior Convertible Notes

As of November 5, 2019, we have received into escrow $745,000 from the managersale of 8% Senior Convertible Notes (8% Senior Notes). We have not recorded these funds, earned interest from loans payable for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 of $46,796 and $49,739, respectively. Total accrued interest as of March 31, 2017 and 2016 was $379,362 and $189,577, respectively.

9.

SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:

The Company entered into Secured notes under the senior secured loan agreementamounts in the aggregate amountaccompanying condensed consolidated financial statements at September 30, 2019 since these investors, in connection with the revision of $75,000our agreement with PoC Capital and our entering into the LOC agreements, had the opportunity through October 18, 2019 to rescind their investment. No investors indicated their plan to rescind any investment and we plan to close the escrow account in the fourth quarter of 2019, at which time we will record the proceeds.

Upon completion of listing our common stock on June 9, 2017; $15,000either the Nasdaq Capital Market or the New York Stock Exchange, our 8% Senior Notes are mandatorily convertible into shares of our common stock at a conversion price equal to the lower of (i) $2.04 per share or (ii) a price per share equal to a 10% discount to the pre-money valuation of a Qualified Financing or an Equity State Transaction, both as defined in the 8% Senior Note agreement, occurring after the closing of the 8% Senior Note financing. Upon maturity (December 15, 2020), the 8% Senior Note holders have the option to convert the 8% Senior Note into shares of our common stock at the lower of $2.04 per share or an adjusted price as set forth in the 8% Senior Note agreement. Upon either mandatory conversion or conversion at the holder’s option, the holder will also receive stock purchase warrants on July 26, 2017 and $105,000a 1:1 basis to the number of shares of common stock received that have an exercise price equal to the greater of (i) the closing price of our common stock on August 7, 2017.the date of conversion or (ii) $2.72 per share.

OtherReverse Stock Split

On July 17, 2017, the Company issued a press release entitled “Heatwurx Announces Letter of Intent with Promet Therapeutics, LLC Relating to a Reverse Merger” in which the Company disclosed that it has entered into a non-binding letter of intent to engage in a reverse merger with Promet Therapeutics, LLC.

October 31, 2019, our Board of Directors

On August 24, 2017, Mr. Justin Yorke authorized management to effect a reverse stock split of our common stock in a ratio between four for one share to ten to one share, subject to regulatory approval and Mr. Christopher Bragg were appointed toat the discretion of the Board of DirectorsDirectors. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have not been adjusted to reflect the effect of the Company.any future reverse stock split.

ITEM

Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSManagement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation

Forward Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” that reflect, when made, the Company’s expectations or beliefs concerning future events that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements frequently are identified by the words “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “project,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” or other similar words and phrases. Similarly, statements herein that describe the Company’s objectives, plans or goals also are forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those projected, implied or anticipated by the Company’s forward-looking statements. Some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ include: our limited operating history, limited cash and history of losses; our ability to achieve profitability; our ability to obtain adequate financing to fund our business operations in the future; our ability to secure required FDA or other governmental approvals for our product candidates and the breadth of the indication sought; the impact of competitive or alternative products, technologies and pricing; whether we are successful in developing and commercializing our technology, including through licensing; the adequacy of protections afforded to us and/or our licensor by the anticipated patents that we own or license and the cost to us of maintaining, enforcing and defending those patents; our and our licensor’s ability to protect non-patented intellectual property rights; our exposure to and ability to defend third-party claims and challenges to our and our licensor’s anticipated patents and other intellectual property rights; and our ability to continue as a going concern. For a discussion of these and all other known risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements, see “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as amended, which is available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. All forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement, and the Company undertakes no obligation to revise or update this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof.

For purposes of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, references to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to the operations of Processa Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its direct and indirect subsidiaries for the periods described herein.

Overview

We are an emerging pharmaceutical company focused on the clinical development of drug products that are intended to improve the survival and/or quality of life for patients who have a high unmet medical need. Within this group of pharmaceutical products, we currently are developing one product for multiple indications (i.e., the use of a drug to treat a particular disease), will begin developing a newly acquired drug once adequate funding is obtained, and are searching for additional products for our portfolio.

On October 4, 2017, we acquired all the net assets of Promet Therapeutics, LLC (“Promet”), a private Delaware limited liability company, including the rights to the CoNCERT Agreement in exchange for 31,745,242 shares of our common stock. Immediately following the transaction, the former equity holders of Promet owned approximately 84% and held approximately 6% of the shares for the benefit of CoNCERT in relation to the CoNCERT contribution of the license to Processa as part of the Section 351 transaction, and our stockholders immediately prior to the transaction owned approximately 10% of our common stock. We traded on the OTC Pink Marketplace until December 8, 2018 when we listed our common stock on the OTCQB.

We accounted for the net asset acquisition transaction as a “reverse acquisition” merger under the acquisition method for U.S. GAAP, where Promet was considered the accounting acquirer; and for tax purposes, as a tax-free contribution under Internal Revenue Code Section 351. Accordingly, Promet’s historical results of operations replaced our historical results of operations for all periods prior to the merger. Unless otherwise stated, all comparisons in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis to periods prior to the merger are to the results of Promet for such period on a stand-alone basis. Prior to the acquisition, we had nominal net liabilities and operations. It was considered a non-operating public shell corporation.

We have a limited operating history as we were formed on March 29, 2011. Since that date, our operations have focused on acquiring the rights to PCS-499, organizing and staffing our company, business planning, raising capital, establishing our intellectual property portfolio and conducting clinical trials. We do not have any drug candidates approved for sale and have not yet generated any revenue from drug sales. We have funded our operations through the private sale of equity and equity-linked securities to accredited investors. Since inception, we have incurred operating losses. As of September 30, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $10.2 million. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future. We anticipate that our expenses will continue to increase in connection with our ongoing activities, as we:

Going Concern and Management’s Plan

Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared using U.S. GAAP and are based on the assumption that we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. We face certain risks and uncertainties that are present in many emerging growth companies regarding product development and commercialization, limited working capital, recurring losses and negative cash flow from operations, future profitability, ability to obtain future capital, protection of patents, technologies and property rights, competition, rapid technological change, navigating the domestic and major foreign markets’ regulatory and clinical environment, recruiting and retaining key personnel, dependence on third party manufacturing organizations, third party collaboration and licensing agreements, lack of sales and marketing activities and no customers or pharmaceutical products to sell or distribute. These risks and other factors raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern as of the date of the filing of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

We have relied exclusively on private placements with a small group of accredited investors to finance our business and operations. As described in more detail below, we recently entered into two line of credit agreements providing a revolving commitment of an aggregate of up to $1.4 million but have not drawn any amounts as of the date of this report. We have not had any revenue since our inception and we do not currently have any revenue under contract or any immediate sales prospects. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we incurred a net loss from continuing operations of $2.6 million and used $1.2 million in net cash from operating activities. We expect our operating costs to be substantial as we incur costs related to the clinical trials for our product candidates and that we will operate at a loss for the foreseeable future. At September 30, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents totaling $504,302. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, PoC Capital made payments directly to our CRO totaling $689,168 for amounts invoiced. PoC Capital also repaid us $210,832 for clinical trial expenses we previously paid to our CRO, $180,119 of which is included in Prepaid and Other on our condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2019.

On September 20, 2019, we entered into two separate Line of Credit Agreements (“LOC Agreements”) with DKBK Enterprises, LLC (“DKBK”) and current shareholder CorLyst, LLC (“CorLyst”), both related parties (“Lenders”), which provide a revolving commitment of up to $700,000 each ($1.4 million total). Under the LOC Agreements, all funds borrowed will bear an 8% annual interest rate. The lenders have the right to convert all or any portion of the debt and interest into Processa common shares. Our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is also the Chief Executive Officer and Managing Member of both Lenders. CorLyst beneficially owns 6,859,257 shares of Processa common stock, representing approximately 17.7% of the Company’s outstanding shares of voting capital stock. We have not drawn any amounts under these LOC agreements.

In connection with the LOC Agreements, we amended the existing pledge agreement with PoC Capital on September 30, 2019 to reduce the committed funds from $1.8 million to $900,000, which has now been paid in full. As part of the original pledge agreement, we issued 792,952 shares of common stock and 792,952 warrants to purchase shares of common stock to PoC Capital but held 396,476 shares and 396,476 warrants as collateral until certain payment milestones were met. PoC Capital forfeited the pledged collateral in the amended agreement and the shares have been reissued to Processa and will be retired.

We are currently in the process of raising additional funds through the private sale of 8% Senior Convertible Notes (“8% Senior Notes”) to accredited investors. As of November 5, 2019, we have received into escrow $745,000 from the sale of 8% Senior Notes. We have not recorded these amounts in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements at September 30, 2019 since these investors, in connection with the revision of our agreement with PoC Capital and our entering into the LOC agreements, had the opportunity through October 18, 2019 to rescind their investment. No investors indicated their plan to rescind any investment and we plan to close the escrow account in the fourth quarter of 2019, at which time we will record the proceeds. We have also delayed some of our cash outflows, primarily through the deferred payment of salaries ($48,840 has been accrued and included in accrued expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019) until such time as we have raised sufficient funding.

We are looking at ways to add an additional revenue stream to offset some of our expenses. We will likely need to raise additional funds, however, no assurance can be given that we will be successful in securing adequate funds that may be required. If we are unable to raise additional capital on acceptable terms, or at all, we may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development or commercialization of one or more of our product candidates, restrict our operations or obtain funds by entering into agreements on unattractive terms, which would likely have a material adverse effect on our business, stock price, and our relationships with third parties with whom we have business relationships, at least until additional funding is obtained.

As a result, substantial doubt existed about our ability to continue as a going concern as of the date of the filing of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of recorded assets, or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might be different should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern based on the outcome of these uncertainties described above.

Status of our Phase 2a Clinical Trial in Necrobiosis Lipoidica

Our lead product, PCS-499 is an oral tablet that is a deuterated analog of one of the major metabolites of pentoxifylline (Trental^®). The advantage of PCS-499 is that it potentially may work in many conditions because it has multiple pharmacological targets it affects that are important in the treatment of these conditions. Based on its pharmacological activity, we have identified multiple unmet medical need conditions where the use of PCS-499 may result in clinical efficacy. The lead indication currently under development for PCS-499 is Necrobiosis Lipoidica (NL). NL is a chronic, disfiguring condition affecting the skin and the tissue under the skin typically on the lower extremities with no currently approved FDA treatments. NL presents more commonly in women than in men and ulceration can occur in approximately 30% of NL patients. More severe complications can occur, such as deep tissue infections and osteonecrosis threatening life of the limb. Approximately 74,000 - 185,000 people in the United States and more than 200,000 – 500,000 people outside the United States are affected by NL.

On June 22, 2018, the FDA granted orphan-drug designation to PCS-499 for the treatment of NL. On September 28, 2018, the FDA cleared our IND for PCS-499 in NL such that we could move forward with the Phase 2a safety-dose tolerability trial. We dosed our first NL patient in this Phase 2a clinical trial on January 29, 2019. On August 23, 2019, our study was fully enrolled as the twelfth patient was dosed. The main objective of the trial is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of PCS-499 in patients with NL. We expect the safety and efficacy data collected to provide information for the design of future clinical trials. Based on toxicology studies and healthy human volunteer studies, Processa and the FDA agreed that a PCS-499 dose of 1.8 grams/day would be the highest dose administered to NL patients in this Phase 2 trial. As anticipated, the PCS-499 dose of 1.8 grams/day, 50% greater than the maximum tolerated dose of pentoxifylline, appears to be well tolerated with no serious adverse events reported. Twelve patients have been dosed with nine patients on treatment for at least four months, seven patients on treatment for at least six months, and two patients on treatment for at least nine months. Currently, nine patients remain in the study. To date, six patients dosed at 1.8 g/day have reported only mild adverse events related to the treatment, which occurred mostly in the first month of treatment and were quickly resolved. As expected, gastrointestinal or central nervous system (CNS) adverse events were reported most often.

The degeneration of tissue occurring at the NL lesion site is caused by a number of pathophysiological changes, which has made it extremely difficult to develop effective treatments for this condition. PCS-499 may provide a solution since PCS-499 and its metabolites affect a number of biological pathways, several of which contribute to the pathophysiology associated with NL. We will be issuing a press release in the coming weeks with the interim data from the Phase 2 clinical trial.

We plan to request a meeting with the FDA before the end of 2019 to further discuss the development of PCS-499, including the next clinical trial.

License Agreement for HT-100

On August 29, 2019, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Akashi Therapeutics, Inc. (“Akashi”) to develop and commercialize an anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory drug, HT-100. As partial consideration for the licenses, we paid $10,000 to Akashi upon full execution of the license agreement. This upfront payment was expensed as a research and development cost. As additional consideration, we will pay Akashi development and regulatory milestone payments when we or our affiliate begin developing HT-100, as described in Note 6 – License Agreement for HT-100.

In previous clinical trials in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), HT-100 showed promising improvement in the muscle strength of non-ambulant pediatric patients. Although the FDA placed a clinical hold on the DMD trial after a serious adverse event in a pediatric patient, FDA has removed the drug off clinical hold and defined how HT-100 can resume clinical trials in DMD. Once we have obtained adequate funding, we plan to develop HT-100 in rare adult fibrotic related diseases such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or Scleroderma. We may revisit potential pediatric indications, such as DMD, later.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

The following table summarizes our net loss during the periods indicated:

Revenues.

We had no revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. We do not currently have any revenue under contract or any immediate sales prospects.

Research and Development Expenses.

Our research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses include (i) amortization of the exclusive license intangible asset used in research and development activities, (ii) internal research and development staff related payroll, taxes, stock-based compensation and employee benefits, and (iii) program and testing related expenses, including external consulting and professional fees related to the product testing and our development activities. Non-refundable advance payments for goods and services to be used in future research and development activities are recorded as prepaid expenses and expensed when the research and development activities are performed.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we incurred total research and development expenses of approximately $585,000 and $612,000, respectively, for the continued development and testing of our lead product, PCS-499. Research and development expenses were approximately $1.8 million and $2.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

Overall, during the three months ended September 30, 2019, our research and development costs decreased by $26,633 when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. As a result of exercising the CoNCERT license and option agreement for PCS-499 in March 2018, and the purchase of a software license, we recognized $198,832 and $200,256 of amortization expense during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease in amortization expense of approximately $1,400 was from the software license purchased in the second quarter of 2018, which began recognition in the third quarter of 2018. Our research and development salaries, stock-based compensation and benefits increased by approximately $89,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 when compared to the same period in 2018 due to the stock-based compensation expense. Much of the reduction related to lower research and development expenses for preclinical, clinical trial and other costs of $117,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2019 when compared to the same period in 2018. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, our focus was on enrolling patients in our trial, along with other trial costs, including providing doses of PCS-499 to participants in our Phase 2a clinical trial in NL. In contrast, during the same period in 2018, we experienced significantly higher costs related to a Phase 1 trial for PCS-499 and costs related to having to establishing a new site to contract manufacture the tablets of PCS-499 needed for our clinical trial since the original CoNCERT tablet manufacturing site could no longer be used.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, our research and development costs decreased by $673,312 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease is due to a reduction of approximately $918,000 in preclinical, clinical trial, and other costs. The decrease was offset by an increase of approximately $71,000 in salaries, benefits, and other related payroll costs and an increase of approximately $174,000 in amortization expense for the software license and CoNCERT license agreement when comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to the same period in 2018.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, we made payments to our CRO related to our Phase 2a trial of approximately $239,000. We have accounted for these payments as either a prepaid expense or a research and development expense depending on whether the related service has been provided. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, PoC Capital made payments directly to our CRO totaling $689,168 for amounts invoiced. PoC Capital also repaid us $210,832 for clinical trial expenses we previously paid to our CRO, $180,119 of which is included in Prepaid and Other on our condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2019. we amended the existing pledge agreement with PoC Capital on September 30, 2019 to reduce the committed funds from $1.8 million to $900,000, which has now been paid in full. As part of the original pledge agreement, we issued 792,952 shares of common stock and 792,952 warrants to purchase shares of common stock to PoC Capital but held 396,476 shares and 396,476 warrants as collateral until certain payment milestones were met. PoC Capital forfeited the pledged collateral in the amended agreement and the shares have been reissued to Processa and will be retired.

We incurred $435,544 in costs related to our Phase 2a trial during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and expect to spend approximately an additional $113,400 during the remainder of 2019 and approximately $711,000 through 2021 to complete our current trial. We believe, based on our estimates, the cost of our current Phase 2a trial to be approximately $1.5 to $1.6 million. PoC Capital paid for $900,000 of the clinical trial costs, and we will cover the remaining $600,000 to $700,000 with funds received from the sale of our 8% Senior Notes and our LOC Agreements, as necessary. The funding necessary to bring a drug candidate to market is, however, subject to numerous uncertainties. Once a drug candidate is identified, the further development of that drug candidate can be halted or abandoned at any time due to a number of factors. These factors include, but are not limited to, funding constraints, safety or a change in market demand. For each of our drug candidate programs, we periodically assess the scientific progress and merits of the programs to determine if continued research and development is economically viable. Certain of our programs may be terminated due to the lack of scientific progress and lack of prospects for ultimate commercialization. We anticipate our research and development costs to increase in the future as we continue our Phase 2a clinical trial activities for NL in 2019 and into 2020.

Our clinical trial accruals are based on estimates of patient enrollment and related costs at clinical investigator sites, as well as estimates for the services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with multiple research institutions and CROs that conduct and manage clinical trials on our behalf.

We estimate preclinical and clinical trial expenses based on the services performed, pursuant to contracts with research institutions and clinical research organizations that conduct and manage preclinical studies and clinical trials on our behalf. In accruing service fees, we estimate the time-period over which services will be performed and the level of patient enrollment and activity expended in each period. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the estimate, we will adjust the accrual accordingly. Payments made to third parties under these arrangements in advance of the receipt of the related series are recorded as prepaid expenses until the services are rendered.

General and Administrative Expenses.

Our general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 decreased by $32,331 to $419,028 from $451,359 for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease related mostly to a reduction in professional fees of approximately $198,000 and in office and travel expenses of approximately $8,000. The decrease was offset by increased payroll and related costs of approximately $143,000 (including stock-based compensation of $180,422) as we built our finance team and hired our Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and Director of Finance and Accounting in the second half of 2018 to support our growth and public company reporting and compliance requirements. We also experienced increases of approximately $25,000 in other administrative costs such as insurance, rent and repairs and maintenance expenses. Our tax expense also increased by approximately $6,000 due to our 2018 and estimated 2019 Delaware franchise taxes. Franchise tax in Delaware is calculated using the number of shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock that the Company is authorized to issue. We were authorized to issue 350,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 10,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, which is disproportionately large in relation to our outstanding shares. This resulted in a high tax bill for 2018 and requires us to pay quarterly estimated taxes for 2019. We have amended our Certificate of Incorporation to reduce our authority to issue 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 1,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, thereby reducing our future Delaware franchise tax.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, general and administrative expenses decreased by $86,182 to $1,219,329 from $1,305,511 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease related to a cybersecurity fraud loss of approximately $144,000, for which we did not have insurance coverage, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. We also saw reductions in professional fees for legal, accounting, advisory and consulting costs of approximately $400,000. The overall decrease in our general and administrative expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was also offset by increases of approximately $352,000 in payroll and related costs (including stock-based compensation of $302,053) and approximately $106,000 in administrative costs such as insurance, rent, office, taxes and travel expenses.

Reimbursable expenses from CorLyst of $26,594 and $79,058 for rent and other costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 were comparable for the same periods in 2018.

We expect the general and administrative expenses to continue to increase as we add staff to support our growing research and development activities and the administration required to operate as a public company.

Interest Expense.

Interest expense was $2,271 and $8,323 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $12,973 and $154,377 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to our $2.58 million of Senior Convertible Notes sold in 2017. In May 2018, $2.35 million of these Senior Convertible Notes were converted into shares of our common stock and stock purchase warrants. On July 2, 2019, the remaining $230,000 was converted into shares of common stock and stock purchase warrants. Included in interest expense is the amortization of debt issuance costs totaling $0 and $3,709 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $0 and $64,841 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Interest Income.

Interest income was $1,503 and $6,457 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $10,886 and $10,163 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Interest income represents interest earned on money market funds and certificates of deposit.

Income Tax Benefit.

An income tax benefit of $141,251 and $212,015 was recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $442,152 and $771,332 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. When we acquired CoNCERT’s license and “Know How” in exchange for Processa Stock, we created a deferred tax liability. Each year, the deferred tax liability is decreased by the amortization of the intangible asset for the current period. However, the liability is being offset by the deferred tax assets resulting from our net taxable operating losses. Our taxable net operating loss for 2019 is expected to be $1.3 million less than that of 2018 as we focus on the Phase 2a clinical trial study and decrease administrative costs such as professional fees. As a result, the income tax benefit recognized in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 is $70,764 and $329,180 less than the comparable periods in 2018, respectively.

Financial Condition

At September 30, 2019, we had $504,302 in cash. Net cash used in our operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $1,236,659 compared to $3,243,938 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Our total assets decreased by approximately $1.7 million to $10.8 million at September 30, 2019 compared to $12.5 million at December 31, 2018. This decrease is a result of the operating costs we have incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net of operating costs funded through the stock subscription receivable, offset by the recording of right of use assets in conjunction with the adoption of ASC 842.

At September 30, 2019, our total liabilities, not including the impact of deferred income taxes, decreased by $187,284 to $458,420 when compared to $645,704 at December 31, 2018. This decrease is due primarily to the conversion of Senior Convertible Notes and changes in accounts payable, offset by the recognition of operating lease liabilities in accordance with the adoption of ASC 842 and prepaid reimbursements.

We had $0 and $230,000 of Senior Convertible Notes outstanding at September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Senior Convertible Notes outstanding at September 30, 2018 were held by Canadian investors that, although qualifying for automatic and mandatory conversion, could not be converted until the Alberta Securities Commission released us from a cease trade order, which predated our merger with HeatWurx, and permitted us to issue common stock units (consisting of shares of our common stock and stock purchase warrants) to these Canadian investors. In June 2019, the Alberta Securities Commission released the cease trade order and assessed us a $10,000 fine. On July 2, 2019, we converted the principal and related accrued interest of approximately $259,000 into 126,741 shares of common stock and 126,741 stock purchase warrants.

In connection with exercising the option agreement with CoNCERT, we recognized a $3,037,147 deferred income tax liability since the intangible assets purchased had only a nominal tax basis. Our deferred tax liability has been and is expected to be reduced each period by an amount up to the income tax effect of our net loss.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

To date, we have funded our business and operations primarily through the private placement of equity securities and senior secured convertible notes. We are currently in the process of raising additional funds through the private sale of 8% Senior Convertible Notes (“8% Senior Notes”) to accredited investors. As of November 5, 2019, we have received into escrow $745,000 from the sale of 8% Senior Notes. We have not recorded these amounts in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements at September 30, 2019 since these investors, in connection with the revision of our agreement with PoC Capital and our entering into the LOC agreements, had the opportunity through October 18, 2019 to rescind their investment. No investors indicated their plan to rescind any investment and we plan to close the escrow account in the fourth quarter of 2019, at which time we will record the proceeds. We have also delayed some of our cash outflows, primarily through the deferred payment of salaries ($48,840 has been accrued and included in accrued expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019) until such time as we have raised sufficient funding.

At September 30, 2019, we had $504,302 in cash and cash equivalents compared to $1.7 million at December 31, 2018. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, PoC Capital made payments directly to our CRO totaling $689,168 for amounts invoiced. PoC Capital also repaid us $210,832 for clinical trial expenses we previously paid to our CRO, $180,119 of which is included in Prepaid and Other on our condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2019.

On September 20, 2019, we entered into two separate Line of Credit Agreements (“LOC Agreements”) with DKBK Enterprises, LLC (“DKBK”) and current shareholder CorLyst, LLC (“CorLyst”), both related parties (“Lenders”), which provide a revolving commitment of up to $700,000 each ($1.4 million total). Under the LOC Agreements, all funds borrowed will bear an 8% annual interest rate. Our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is also the Chief Executive Officer and Managing Member of both Lenders. CorLyst beneficially owns 6,859,527 shares of Processa common stock, representing approximately 17.7% of the Company’s outstanding shares of voting capital stock. We have not drawn any amounts under these LOC Agreements.

In connection with the LOC Agreements, we amended the existing pledge agreement with PoC Capital on September 30, 2019 to reduce the amount committed from $1.8 million to $900,000, which has now been paid in full. As part of the original pledge agreement, we issued 792,952 shares of common stock and 792,952 warrants to purchase shares of common stock to PoC Capital but held 396,476 shares and 396,476 warrants as collateral until certain payment milestones were met. PoC Capital forfeited the pledged collateral in the amended agreement. We anticipate the total cost to fund our current Phase 2a clinical trial of PCS-499 for patients with NL to be between $1.5 to $1.6 million. We will cover the remaining $600,000 to $700,000 with funds received from the sale of our 8% Senior Notes and our LOC Agreements, as necessary.

Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development and commercialization of our product candidates, and the extent to which we may enter into additional agreements with third parties to participate in their development and commercialization, we are unable to estimate the amounts of increased capital outlays and operating expenditures associated with our current and anticipated clinical trials. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

Based on our current plan, our available resources, the LOC Agreements and the outcome of the additional 8% Senior Notes funding, we will likely need to raise additional capital in order to fund our future operations. While we believe our current resources are adequate to complete our Phase 2a trial, we do not currently have resources to conduct other future trials or to develop HT-100 without raising additional capital. As noted above, the timing and extent of our spending will depend on the cost associated with, and the results of our Phase 2a trial. Our anticipated spending and our cash flow needs could change significantly as the trial progresses. There may be costs we incur during our trial that we do not currently anticipate in order to complete our current trial, requiring us to need additional capital sooner than currently expected.

Additional funding may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing when needed, we may have to delay, reduce the scope of or suspend our current or future clinical trials or research and development programs. We may seek to raise any necessary additional capital through a combination of public or private equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances, licensing arrangements and other marketing and distribution arrangements. To the extent that we raise additional capital through marketing and distribution arrangements or other collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our product candidates, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates or to grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we do raise additional capital through public or private equity offerings, the ownership interest of our existing stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect our stockholders’ rights. If we raise additional capital through debt financing, we may be subject to covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends.

As a result, substantial doubt exists about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that this Form 10-Q is filed with the SEC.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth our sources and uses of cash and cash equivalents for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

Net cash used in operating activities

We used net cash in our operating activities of $1,236,659 and $3,243,938 during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease in cash used in operating activities in 2019 compared to the comparable period in 2018 was related to a decreased amount of direct cash costs incurred. Our net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $572,441 less than the comparable period in 2018. This was due primarily to our focus on PCS-499 leading to an overall reduction in our research and development expenses. The cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was further reduced as PoC Capital made payments directly to our CRO totaling $689,168 for amounts invoiced. PoC Capital also repaid us $210,832 for clinical trial expenses we previously paid to our CRO. We also incurred amortization expense of $596,496 (versus $422,814 for the comparable period in 2018) and $394,164 of stock-based compensation (versus $50,528 for the comparable period in 2018) during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we incurred a one-time cybersecurity fraud loss of $144,200 in January 2018, which was recognized in general and administrative expenses.

Since we are in the process of developing our products, we anticipate our research and development efforts and on-going general and administrative costs will continue to generate negative cash flows from operating activities for the foreseeable future and that these amounts will increase in the future. We do not currently sell or distribute pharmaceutical products or have any sales or marketing capabilities.

Net cash used in investing activities

We had no cash sources or uses for investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Net cash used during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $22,282 for transaction costs related to the exercise of the option agreement with CoNCERT and for the purchase of a software license.

Net cash provided by financing activities

We had no cash sources or uses for financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Net cash provided from financing activities was approximately $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. We expect that we will continue to seek additional capital through a combination of private and public equity offerings, debt financings, and strategic collaborations to fund future operations. However, no assurance can be given that we will be successful in raising adequate funds needed. Absent additional financing, substantial doubt exists about our ability to continue as a going concern, as noted under “Going Concern” above.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

There have been no significant changes to the contractual obligations reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

At September 30, 2019, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates

Our discussion and analysis should be readof our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in conjunctionaccordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.

We believe that the estimates, assumptions and judgments involved in the accounting policies described in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section and audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included inof our 2016most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and withhave the unaudited condensed consolidatedgreatest potential impact on our financial statements, and related notes thereto presentedso we consider these to be our critical accounting policies. Actual results could differ from the estimates we use in this Quarterlyapplying our critical accounting policies. We are not currently aware of any reasonably likely events or circumstances that would result in materially different amounts being reported.