UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
___________________________
FORM 10-Q
☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 20202021
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _____ to _____
| | | | | |
| Commission File No. 001-35674 | Commission File No. 333-148153 |
| REALOGY HOLDINGS CORP. | REALOGY GROUP LLC |
| (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) | (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) |
| 20-8050955 | 20-4381990 |
| (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
175 Park Avenue
Madison, NJ 07940
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(973) 407-2000
(Registrants' telephone number, including area code)
___________________________
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: | | | | | |
| Title of each class | | Trading Symbol(s) | | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| Realogy Holdings Corp. | Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | | RLGY | | New York Stock Exchange |
| Realogy Group LLC | None | | None | | None |
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Realogy Holdings Corp. Yes ☑ No ☐ Realogy Group LLC Yes ☐ No ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrants have submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrants were required to submit such files).
Realogy Holdings Corp. Yes ☑ No ☐ Realogy Group LLC Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrants are large accelerated filers, accelerated filers, non-accelerated filers, smaller reporting companies, or emerging growth companies. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Large accelerated filer | | Accelerated filer | | Non-accelerated filer | | Smaller reporting company | | Emerging growth company |
| Realogy Holdings Corp. | ☑ | | ☐ | | ☐ | | ☐ | | ☐ |
| Realogy Group LLC | ☐ | | ☐ | | ☑ | | ☐ | | ☐ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrants are a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Realogy Holdings Corp. Yes ☐ No ☑ Realogy Group LLC Yes ☐ No ☑
There were 115,436,348116,584,201 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, of Realogy Holdings Corp. outstanding as of August 3, 2020.2, 2021.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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| PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | |
| Item 1. | | |
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| Item 2. | | |
| Item 3. | | |
| Item 4. | | |
| PART II | OTHER INFORMATION | |
| Item 1. | | |
| Item 1A. | | |
Item 5. | | |
| Item 6. | | |
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INTRODUCTORY NOTE
Except as otherwise indicated or unless the context otherwise requires, the terms "we," "us," "our," "our company," "Realogy," "Realogy Holdings" and the "Company" refer to Realogy Holdings Corp., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Realogy Intermediate Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("Realogy Intermediate"), and Realogy Group LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("Realogy Group"). Neither Realogy Holdings, the indirect parent of Realogy Group, nor Realogy Intermediate, the direct parent company of Realogy Group, conducts any operations other than with respect to its respective direct or indirect ownership of Realogy Group. As a result, the consolidated financial positions, results of operations and cash flows of Realogy Holdings, Realogy Intermediate and Realogy Group are the same.
Realogy Holdings is not a partyAs used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:
•"Senior Secured Credit Agreement" refers to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of March 5, 2013, as amended, amended and restated, modified or supplemented from time to time, (the "Senior Secured Credit Agreement") that governs our senior secured credit facility, (theor "Senior Secured Credit Facility", which includes ourFacility;"
•"Non-extended Revolving Credit Commitment" and "Extended Revolving Credit Commitment" each refer to the applicable portion of the revolving credit facility under the Senior Secured Credit Facility and are referred to collectively as the "Revolving Credit Facility" and our "TermFacility;"
•"Term Loan B Facility") and refers to the term loans outstanding under the Senior Secured Credit Facility;
•"Term Loan A Agreement" refers to the Term Loan A Agreement, dated as of October 23, 2015, as amended, amended and restated, modified or supplemented from time to time (thetime;
•"Non-extended Term Loan A" and "Extended Term Loan A" each refer to the applicable portion of the Term Loan A facility under the Term Loan A Agreement and are referred to collectively as the "Term Loan A Agreement") that governs our senior secured term loan A credit facility (the "Term Loan A Facility") and certain references in this report to our consolidated indebtedness exclude Realogy Holdings with respect to indebtedness under theFacility;"
•"4.875% Senior Secured Credit Facility and Term Loan A Facility. In addition, while Realogy Holdings is a guarantor of Realogy Group's obligations under both its unsecured and secured second lien notes (in each case on an unsecured senior subordinated basis)Notes", Realogy Holdings is not subject to the restrictive covenants in the indentures governing such indebtedness.
As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms "4.875%"9.375% Senior Notes" and "9.375%"5.75% Senior Notes" refer to our 4.875% Senior Notes due 2023, and our 9.375% Senior Notes due 2027 and 5.75% Senior Notes due 2029, respectively, and are referred to collectively as the "Unsecured Notes.Notes;" The term "7.625%
•"7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes" referrefers to our 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes due 2025. The term "5.25%2025; and
•"Exchangeable Senior Notes" refers to our 5.25%0.25% Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2021 (paid in full in June 2020).2026.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"). Forward-looking statements include all statements that do not relate solely to historical or current facts, and can generally be identified by the use of words such as "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "project," "estimate," "plan," and similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as "will," "should," "would," "may" and "could."
In particular, information appearing under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" includes forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements inherently involve many risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in these statements. Where, in any forward-looking statement, we express an expectation or belief as to future results or events, it is based on management's current plans and expectations, expressed in good faith and believed to have a reasonable basis. However, we can give no assurance that any such expectation or belief will result or will be achieved or accomplished.
The following include some, but not all, of the factorsrisks and uncertainties that could affect our future results and cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Additionally, many of these risks and uncertainties are currently amplified by and will continue to be amplified by, or in the future may be amplified by, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic:statements:
•the extent, durationThe residential real estate market is cyclical, and severity of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the extent, duration and severity of the economic consequences stemming from the COVID-19 crisis (including continued economic contraction) as well as related risks such as governmental regulation (including those that preclude or strictly limit showings of properties), changes in patterns of commerce or consumer activities and changes in consumer attitudes and the impact of any of the foregoing on our business, results of operations and liquidity;
•we are negatively impacted by adverse developments or the absence of sustained improvement in general business, economic or political conditions or the U.S. residential real estate markets, either regionally or nationally, includingwhich could include, but are not limited to:to factors that impact homesale transaction volume, such as:
◦continued or accelerated declines in inventory or a decline in consumer confidence or spending;the number of home sales;
◦weak capital, credit and financial markets and/increases in mortgage rates or the instability of financial institutions;inflation or tightened mortgage underwriting standards;
◦intensifyingchanges in consumer preferences, including weakening in the consumer trends that have benefited us since the second half of 2020;
◦reductions in housing affordability, as a result of inflation, increases in average homesale price or otherwise; and
◦stagnant or declining home prices;
•Likewise, we are negatively impacted by adverse developments or the absence of sustained improvement in macroeconomic conditions (such as business, economic or political conditions) on a global, domestic or local basis, which could include, but are not limited to:
◦contraction in the U.S. economy, including the impact of recessions, slow economic growth, or a deterioration in other economic factors (including potential consumer, business or governmental defaults or delinquencies due to the COVID-19 crisis or otherwise); and
◦fiscal and monetary policies of the federal government and its agencies, particularly those that may result in unfavorable changes to the interest rate environment and tax reform;
•The impact of evolving competitive and consumer dynamics, which could include, but are not limited to:
◦continued low or accelerated declines in home inventory levels;erosion of the broker's share of the commission income generated by homesale transactions and the continued rise of the sales agent’s share of such commissions;
◦continuing high levels of unemployment and/or declining wages or stagnant wage growth in the U.S.;
◦the potential economic impact of the curtailment of one or more federal and/or state programs meant to assist businesses and individuals navigate COVID-19 related financial challenges;
◦an increase in potential homebuyers with low credit ratings, inability to afford down payments, or other mortgage challenges due to disrupted earnings, including constraints on the availability of mortgage financing;
◦an increase in foreclosure activity;
◦a decline or a lack of improvement in the number of homesales;
◦stagnant or declining home prices;
◦a reduction in the affordability of housing;
◦a lack of improvement or deceleration in the building of new housing and/or irregular timing or volume of new development closings;
◦the potential negative impact of certain provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “2017 Tax Act”) on (i) home values over time in states with high property, sales and state and local income taxes and (ii) homeownership rates, in particular in light of our market concentration in high-tax states; and/or
◦geopolitical and economic instability;
•risks associated with our substantial indebtedness, interest obligations and the restrictions contained in our debt agreements, including risks relating to our ability to complycompete against non-traditional competitors, including but not limited to, iBuying and home swap business models and virtual brokerages, in particular those competitors with the financial covenant under the Senior Secured Credit Facility and Term Loan A Facility and generate sufficient cash flowsaccess to service our debt (in particular if the COVID-19 crisis continues for a prolonged period) as well as risks relating to our having to dedicate a significant portion of our cash flows from operations to service our debt and our ability to refinance or repay our indebtedness or incur additional indebtedness;
•risks related to disruptions in the securitization markets, including in connection with the COVID-19 crisis, whichthird-party capital that may adversely impact our ability to continue to securitize certain of the relocation assets of Cartus Relocation Services or increase our cost of funding;
•the impact of increased competition in the industry for clients, for the affiliation of independent sales agents and for the affiliation of franchisees on our results of operations andprioritize market share including competition from:
◦real estate brokerages, including those seeking to disrupt historical real estate brokerage models;
◦other industry participants seeking to eliminate brokers or agents from, or minimize the role they play in, the homesale transaction;
◦other industry participants otherwise competing for a portion of gross commission income;over profitability; and
◦other residential real estate franchisors;meaningful decreases in the average broker commission rate;
•the impact of disruption in the residential real estate brokerage industry, and on our results of operationsOur business and financial condition, as a result of listing aggregator concentrationresults may be materially and market power;adversely impacted if we are unable to execute our business strategy and achieve growth, including if we are not successful in our efforts to:
•◦continuing pressure on the share of gross commission income paid by our company owned brokeragesrecruit and affiliated franchisees to affiliatedretain productive independent sales agents and independent sales agent teams;agents;
•◦our inability to develop products, technologyattract and programs (including our company-directed affinity programs) that support our strategy to grow the base of independent sales agents at our company owned and franchisee real estate brokerages and the base of our franchisees;
•our geographic and high-end market concentration, including the heightened competition for independent sales agents in those geographies and price points;
•our inability to enter into franchise agreements with newretain franchisees or renew existing franchise agreements without reducing contractual royalty rates or increasing the amount and prevalence of sales incentives;
•◦compete for real estate services business, including homesale transactions and title underwriting, title and settlement, mortgage origination, relocation and lead generation services;
◦develop or procure products, services and technology that support our strategic initiatives;
◦realize the lackexpected benefits from our non-exclusive mortgage origination joint venture, our RealSure joint venture, or from other existing or future strategic partnerships;
◦achieve or maintain a beneficial cost structure or savings and other benefits from our cost-saving initiatives;
◦generate a meaningful number of revenue growthhigh-quality leads for independent sales agents and franchisees; and
◦complete or declining profitability ofintegrate acquisitions and joint ventures into our franchisees and company owned brokerageexisting operations, or declines into complete or effectively manage divestitures or other revenue streams;corporate transactions;
•increasesThe COVID-19 crisis has in uncollectible accounts receivablethe past, and note reserves as a resultmay again (due to the impact of virus mutations or otherwise), amplify risks to our business, and worsening economic consequences of the crisis or the reinstatement of significant limitations on normal business operations could have a material adverse effect on our profitability, liquidity, financial effectscondition and results of operations;
•Our financial condition and/or results of operations may be adversely impacted by risks related to our business structure, including, but not limited to:
◦our geographic and high-end market concentration;
◦the operating results of affiliated franchisees;
◦continued consolidation among our top 250 franchisees;
◦difficulties in the business or changes in the licensing strategy of the COVID-19 crisisowners of the two brands we do not own;
◦the loss of our largest real estate benefit program client or multiple significant relocation clients;
◦continued reductions in corporate relocations or relocation benefits or in refinancing activity;
◦the failure of third-party vendors or partners to perform as expected or our failure to adequately monitor such third-parties; and
◦our reliance on information technology to operate our franchiseesbusiness and relocation clients;maintain our competitiveness;
•Listing aggregator concentration and market power creates, and is expected to continue to create, disruption in the potential impact of negativeresidential real estate brokerage industry, or business trends (including further declines in our market capitalization)which may have a material adverse effect on our valuationresults of goodwilloperations and intangibles;financial condition;
•Industry structure changes—as a result of new laws, regulations, administrative policies or guidance, litigation or other legal action (such as investigations and regulatory proceedings), the extentrules of multiple listing services ("MLSs") or the National Association of Realtors ("NAR") or otherwise—that disrupt the functioning of the negative impact of the discontinuation of the USAA affinity program onresidential real estate market could materially adversely affect our revenuesoperations and profits derived from affinity program referrals (including revenue to Realogy Brokerage Group, Realogy Franchise Group (including Realogy Leads Group), and Realogy Title Group);financial results;
•the loss of our next largest affinity client or multiple significant relocation clients;
•We are subject to numerous risks related to our ongoing litigation with affiliates of Madison Dearborn Partners, LLCsubstantial indebtedness that could adversely limit our operations and/or adversely impact our liquidity, including but not limited to our interest obligations and SIRVA Worldwide, Inc. regarding the planned sale of Cartus Relocation Services, including that such transaction will not close;negative covenant restrictions contained in our debt agreements and our ability to refinance or repay our indebtedness or incur additional indebtedness;
•changes in corporate relocation practices resulting in fewer employee relocations, reduced relocation benefits and/or increasing competition in corporate relocation;We are subject to risks related to the issuance of the Exchangeable Senior Notes and exchangeable note hedge and warrant transactions, including the potential impact on the value of our common stock and counterparty risk with respect to the exchangeable note hedge transactions;
•an increaseWe are subject to risks related to legal and regulatory matters, which may cause us to incur increased costs (including in the experienced claims lossesconnection with compliance efforts) and any of our title underwriter;
•which could result in adverse financial, operational or reputational consequences to us, including but not limited to our failure or alleged failure to comply with laws, regulations and regulatory interpretations and any changes or stricter interpretations of any of the foregoing (whether through private litigation or governmental action), including but not limited toto: (1) antitrust laws and regulations, (2) the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act ("RESPA") or other federal or state consumer protection or similar laws, and (3) state or federal employment laws or regulations that would require reclassification of independent contractor sales agents to employee status, (2)(4) privacy or data security laws and regulations, (3) the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act ("RESPA") or other federal or state consumer protection or similar laws and (4) antitrust laws and regulations;
•risks related to the impact on our operationsWe face reputational, business continuity and financial results that may be caused by any future meaningful changes in industry operations or structure as a result of governmental pressures (including pressures for lower brokerage commission rates), the actions of certain competitors, the introduction or growth of certain competitive models, changes to the rules of the multiple listing services ("MLS"), or otherwise;risks associated with cybersecurity incidents; and
•risks and growing costs related to both cybersecurity threats to our data and customer, franchisee, employee and independent sales agent data, as well as those related to our compliance with the growing number of laws, regulationsOur goodwill and other requirements relatedlong-lived assets are subject to the protectionimpairment which could negatively impact our earnings;
•Severe weather events or natural disasters, including increasing severity or frequency of personal information.such events due to climate change or otherwise, or other catastrophic events, including public health crises, such as pandemics and epidemics, may disrupt our business and have an unfavorable impact on homesale activity.
More information on factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated is included from time to time in our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), including this Quarterly Report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20192020 (the "2019"2020 Form 10-K"), particularly under the captions "Forward-Looking Statements," "Risk Factors" andFactors," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.Operations," and "Legal Proceedings". Most of these factors are difficult to anticipate and are generally beyond our control. You should consider these factors in connection with any forward-looking statements that may be made by us and our businesses generally.
All forward-looking statements herein speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report and are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements included in or incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report. Except as is required by law, we expressly disclaim any obligation to publicly release any revisions to forward-looking statements to reflect events after the date of this Quarterly Report. For any forward-looking statement contained in this Quarterly Report, our public filings or other public statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Realogy Holdings Corp.
Results of Review of Interim Financial Statements
We have reviewed the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet of Realogy Holdings Corp. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of June 30, 2020,2021, and the related condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) income for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2021 and2020, and 2019, and of cash flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 20202021 and2019,2020, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “interim financial statements”). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2019,2020, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, equity and of cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein), and in our report dated February 25, 2020,23, 2021, which included a paragraph describing a change in the manner of accounting for leases in the 2019 financial statements, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheetinformation as of December 31, 2019,2020, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.
Basis for Review Results
These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Florham Park, New Jersey
August 6, 20204, 2021
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholder of Realogy Group LLC
Results of Review of Interim Financial Statements
We have reviewed the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet of Realogy Group LLC and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of June 30, 2020,2021, and the related condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) income for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, and of cash flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the "interim financial statements"). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2019,2020, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, and of cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein), and in our report dated February 25, 2020,23, 2021, which included a paragraph describing a change in the manner of accounting for leases in the 2019 financial statements, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet information as of December 31, 2019,2020, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.
Basis for Review Results
These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our reviews in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB and in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America applicable to reviews of interim financial information. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB or in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Florham Park, New Jersey
August 6, 20204, 2021
REALOGY HOLDINGS CORP. AND REALOGY GROUP LLC
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In millions, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | | | Six Months Ended | | |
| | June 30, | | | | June 30, | | |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Revenues | | | | | | | |
| Gross commission income | $ | 919 | | | $ | 1,310 | | | $ | 1,769 | | | $ | 2,109 | |
| Service revenue | 172 | | | 183 | | | 323 | | | 312 | |
| Franchise fees | 85 | | | 112 | | | 156 | | | 182 | |
| Other | 31 | | | 59 | | | 75 | | | 115 | |
| Net revenues | 1,207 | | | 1,664 | | | 2,323 | | | 2,718 | |
| Expenses | | | | | | | |
| Commission and other agent-related costs | 685 | | | 955 | | | 1,315 | | | 1,530 | |
| Operating | 286 | | | 343 | | | 611 | | | 673 | |
| Marketing | 40 | | | 69 | | | 99 | | | 137 | |
| General and administrative | 59 | | | 68 | | | 133 | | | 148 | |
| Restructuring costs, net | 14 | | | 9 | | | 25 | | | 18 | |
| Impairments | 7 | | | 2 | | | 454 | | | 3 | |
| Depreciation and amortization | 46 | | | 43 | | | 91 | | | 84 | |
| Interest expense, net | 59 | | | 80 | | | 160 | | | 143 | |
| Loss on the early extinguishment of debt | 8 | | | — | | | 8 | | | 5 | |
| Total expenses | 1,204 | | | 1,569 | | | 2,896 | | | 2,741 | |
| Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes, equity in earnings and noncontrolling interests | 3 | | | 95 | | | (573) | | | (23) | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations | 11 | | | 33 | | | (121) | | | 1 | |
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities | (36) | | | (7) | | | (45) | | | (8) | |
| Net income (loss) from continuing operations | 28 | | | 69 | | | (407) | | | (16) | |
| | | | | | | |
| (Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax | (9) | | | 1 | | | (14) | | | (13) | |
| Estimated loss on the sale of discontinued operations, net of tax | (32) | | | — | | | (54) | | | — | |
| Net (loss) income from discontinued operations | (41) | | | 1 | | | (68) | | | (13) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Net (loss) income | (13) | | | 70 | | | (475) | | | (29) | |
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1) | | | (1) | | | (1) | | | (1) | |
| Net (loss) income attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | $ | (14) | | | $ | 69 | | | $ | (476) | | | $ | (30) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Basic (loss) earnings per share attributable to Realogy Holdings shareholders: | | | | | | | |
| Basic earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations | $ | 0.23 | | | $ | 0.59 | | | $ | (3.55) | | | $ | (0.15) | |
| Basic (loss) earnings per share from discontinued operations | (0.35) | | | 0.01 | | | (0.59) | | | (0.11) | |
| Basic (loss) earnings per share | $ | (0.12) | | | $ | 0.60 | | | $ | (4.14) | | | $ | (0.26) | |
| Diluted (loss) earnings per share attributable to Realogy Holdings shareholders: | | | | | | | |
| Diluted earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations | $ | 0.23 | | | $ | 0.59 | | | $ | (3.55) | | | $ | (0.15) | |
| Diluted (loss) earnings per share from discontinued operations | (0.35) | | | 0.01 | | | (0.59) | | | (0.11) | |
| Diluted (loss) earnings per share | $ | (0.12) | | | $ | 0.60 | | | $ | (4.14) | | | $ | (0.26) | |
| Weighted average common and common equivalent shares of Realogy Holdings outstanding: | | | | | | | |
| Basic | 115.4 | | | 114.3 | | | 115.0 | | | 114.1 | |
| Diluted | 116.2 | | | 114.9 | | | 115.0 | | | 114.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| | June 30, | | June 30, |
| | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Revenues | | | | | | | |
| Gross commission income | $ | 1,773 | | | $ | 919 | | | $ | 2,927 | | | $ | 1,769 | |
| Service revenue | 314 | | | 219 | | | 563 | | | 421 | |
| Franchise fees | 147 | | | 85 | | | 252 | | | 156 | |
| Other | 42 | | | 32 | | | 81 | | | 77 | |
| Net revenues | 2,276 | | | 1,255 | | | 3,823 | | | 2,423 | |
| Expenses | | | | | | | |
| Commission and other agent-related costs | 1,373 | | | 685 | | | 2,258 | | | 1,315 | |
| Operating | 422 | | | 320 | | | 806 | | | 688 | |
| Marketing | 66 | | | 41 | | | 124 | | | 100 | |
| General and administrative | 114 | | | 69 | | | 204 | | | 157 | |
| Former parent legacy cost, net | 1 | | | 0 | | | 1 | | | 0 | |
| Restructuring costs, net | 5 | | | 18 | | | 10 | | | 30 | |
| Impairments | 1 | | | 63 | | | 2 | | | 540 | |
| Depreciation and amortization | 51 | | | 46 | | | 102 | | | 91 | |
| Interest expense, net | 57 | | | 59 | | | 95 | | | 160 | |
| Loss on the early extinguishment of debt | 1 | | | 8 | | | 18 | | | 8 | |
| Other income, net | (16) | | | 0 | | | (18) | | | 0 | |
| Total expenses | 2,075 | | | 1,309 | | | 3,602 | | | 3,089 | |
| Income (loss) before income taxes, equity in earnings and noncontrolling interests | 201 | | | (54) | | | 221 | | | (666) | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 60 | | | (5) | | | 77 | | | (146) | |
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities | (10) | | | (36) | | | (41) | | | (45) | |
| Net income (loss) | 151 | | | (13) | | | 185 | | | (475) | |
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (2) | | | (1) | | | (3) | | | (1) | |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | $ | 149 | | | $ | (14) | | | $ | 182 | | | $ | (476) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Realogy Holdings shareholders: |
| Basic earnings (loss) per share | $ | 1.28 | | | $ | (0.12) | | | $ | 1.57 | | | $ | (4.14) | |
| Diluted earnings (loss) per share | $ | 1.25 | | | $ | (0.12) | | | $ | 1.52 | | | $ | (4.14) | |
| Weighted average common and common equivalent shares of Realogy Holdings outstanding: |
| Basic | 116.5 | | | 115.4 | | | 116.2 | | | 115.0 | |
| Diluted | 119.3 | | | 115.4 | | | 119.4 | | | 115.0 | |
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
6
REALOGY HOLDINGS CORP. AND REALOGY GROUP LLC
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) INCOME
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | | | Six Months Ended | | |
| June 30, | | | | June 30, | | |
| 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Net (loss) income | $ | (13) | | | $ | 70 | | | $ | (475) | | | $ | (29) | |
| Currency translation adjustment | 1 | | | (1) | | | (1) | | | — | |
| Defined benefit pension plan—amortization of actuarial loss to periodic pension cost | — | | | — | | | 1 | | | 1 | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax | 1 | | | (1) | | | — | | | 1 | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) related to items of other comprehensive income amounts | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 1 | | | (1) | | | — | | | 1 | |
| Comprehensive (loss) income | (12) | | | 69 | | | (475) | | | (28) | |
| Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1) | | | (1) | | | (1) | | | (1) | |
| Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | $ | (13) | | | $ | 68 | | | $ | (476) | | | $ | (29) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| June 30, | | June 30, |
| 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Net income (loss) | $ | 151 | | | $ | (13) | | | $ | 185 | | | $ | (475) | |
| Currency translation adjustment | 0 | | | 1 | | | (1) | | | (1) | |
| Defined benefit pension plan—amortization of actuarial loss to periodic pension cost | 1 | | | 0 | | | 2 | | | 1 | |
| Other comprehensive income, before tax | 1 | | | 1 | | | 1 | | | 0 | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) related to items of other comprehensive income amounts | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Other comprehensive income, net of tax | 1 | | | 1 | | | 1 | | | 0 | |
| Comprehensive income (loss) | 152 | | | (12) | | | 186 | | | (475) | |
| Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (2) | | | (1) | | | (3) | | | (1) | |
| Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | $ | 150 | | | $ | (13) | | | $ | 183 | | | $ | (476) | |
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
7
REALOGY HOLDINGS CORP. AND REALOGY GROUP LLC
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except share data)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30,
2020 | | December 31,
2019 |
| | | | |
| ASSETS | | | |
| Current assets: | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 686 | | | $ | 235 | |
| Trade receivables (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $14 and $11) | 92 | | | 79 | |
| Other current assets | 173 | | | 147 | |
| Current assets - held for sale | 631 | | | 750 | |
| Total current assets | 1,582 | | | 1,211 | |
| Property and equipment, net | 293 | | | 308 | |
| Operating lease assets, net | 491 | | | 515 | |
| Goodwill | 2,887 | | | 3,300 | |
| Trademarks | 643 | | | 673 | |
| Franchise agreements, net | 1,126 | | | 1,160 | |
| Other intangibles, net | 70 | | | 72 | |
| Other non-current assets | 341 | | | 304 | |
| Total assets | $ | 7,433 | | | $ | 7,543 | |
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | | | |
| Current liabilities: | | | |
| Accounts payable | $ | 86 | | | $ | 84 | |
| Current portion of long-term debt | 868 | | | 234 | |
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 121 | | | 122 | |
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 332 | | | 350 | |
| Current liabilities - held for sale | 231 | | | 356 | |
| Total current liabilities | 1,638 | | | 1,146 | |
| Long-term debt | 3,175 | | | 3,211 | |
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | 455 | | | 467 | |
| Deferred income taxes | 249 | | | 390 | |
| Other non-current liabilities | 291 | | | 233 | |
| Total liabilities | 5,808 | | | 5,447 | |
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) | | | |
| Equity: | | | |
| Realogy Holdings preferred stock: $0.01 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized, NaN issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 | — | | | — | |
| Realogy Holdings common stock: $0.01 par value; 400,000,000 shares authorized, 115,424,033 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020 and 114,355,519 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 | 1 | | | 1 | |
| Additional paid-in capital | 4,847 | | | 4,842 | |
| Accumulated deficit | (3,171) | | | (2,695) | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (56) | | | (56) | |
| Total stockholders' equity | 1,621 | | | 2,092 | |
| Noncontrolling interests | 4 | | | 4 | |
| Total equity | 1,625 | | | 2,096 | |
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 7,433 | | | $ | 7,543 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30,
2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| | |
| ASSETS | | | |
| Current assets: | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 859 | | | $ | 520 | |
| Restricted cash | 7 | | | 3 | |
| Trade receivables (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $11 and $13) | 145 | | | 128 | |
| Relocation receivables | 206 | | | 139 | |
| Other current assets | 207 | | | 154 | |
| Total current assets | 1,424 | | | 944 | |
| Property and equipment, net | 304 | | | 317 | |
| Operating lease assets, net | 453 | | | 450 | |
| Goodwill | 2,899 | | | 2,910 | |
| Trademarks | 685 | | | 685 | |
| Franchise agreements, net | 1,054 | | | 1,088 | |
| Other intangibles, net | 181 | | | 188 | |
| Other non-current assets | 407 | | | 352 | |
| Total assets | $ | 7,407 | | | $ | 6,934 | |
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | | | |
| Current liabilities: | | | |
| Accounts payable | $ | 124 | | | $ | 128 | |
| Securitization obligations | 147 | | | 106 | |
| Current portion of long-term debt | 18 | | | 62 | |
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 125 | | | 129 | |
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 565 | | | 600 | |
| Total current liabilities | 979 | | | 1,025 | |
| Long-term debt | 3,357 | | | 3,145 | |
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | 428 | | | 430 | |
| Deferred income taxes | 343 | | | 276 | |
| Other non-current liabilities | 294 | | | 291 | |
| Total liabilities | 5,401 | | | 5,167 | |
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) | | | |
| Equity: | | | |
| Realogy Holdings preferred stock: $0.01 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized, NaN issued and outstanding at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Realogy Holdings common stock: $0.01 par value; 400,000,000 shares authorized, 116,566,078 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2021 and 115,457,067 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 | 1 | | | 1 | |
| Additional paid-in capital | 4,932 | | | 4,876 | |
| Accumulated deficit | (2,873) | | | (3,055) | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (58) | | | (59) | |
| Total stockholders' equity | 2,002 | | | 1,763 | |
| Noncontrolling interests | 4 | | | 4 | |
| Total equity | 2,006 | | | 1,767 | |
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 7,407 | | | $ | 6,934 | |
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
8
REALOGY HOLDINGS CORP. AND REALOGY GROUP LLC
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended
June 30, | | |
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Operating Activities | | | |
| Net loss | $ | (475) | | | $ | (29) | |
| Net loss from discontinued operations | 68 | | | 13 | |
| Net loss from continuing operations | (407) | | | (16) | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss from continuing operations to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | |
| Depreciation and amortization | 91 | | | 84 | |
| Deferred income taxes | (117) | | | (2) | |
| Impairments | 454 | | | 3 | |
| Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount | 5 | | | 5 | |
| Loss on the early extinguishment of debt | 8 | | | 5 | |
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities | (45) | | | (8) | |
| Stock-based compensation | 10 | | | 14 | |
| Mark-to-market adjustments on derivatives | 59 | | | 38 | |
| Other adjustments to net loss | — | | | (2) | |
| Net change in assets and liabilities, excluding the impact of acquisitions and dispositions: | | | |
| Trade receivables | (13) | | | (43) | |
| Other assets | (9) | | | (13) | |
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | (15) | | | 48 | |
| Dividends received from unconsolidated entities | 22 | | | 1 | |
| Other, net | (8) | | | (1) | |
| Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations | 35 | | | 113 | |
| Net cash used in operating activities from discontinued operations | (2) | | | (57) | |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 33 | | | 56 | |
| Investing Activities | | | |
| Property and equipment additions | (41) | | | (50) | |
| Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (1) | | | (1) | |
| Investment in unconsolidated entities | (2) | | | (10) | |
| Other, net | (11) | | | 3 | |
| Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations | (55) | | | (58) | |
| Net cash used in investing activities from discontinued operations | (8) | | | (4) | |
| Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (63) | | | $ | (62) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended
June 30, |
| | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Operating Activities | | | |
| Net income (loss) | $ | 185 | | | $ | (475) | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: | | |
| Depreciation and amortization | 102 | | | 91 | |
| Deferred income taxes | 65 | | | (141) | |
| Impairments | 2 | | | 540 | |
| Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount (premium) | 6 | | | 5 | |
| Loss on the early extinguishment of debt | 18 | | | 8 | |
| Gain on the sale of a business | (15) | | | 0 | |
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities | (41) | | | (45) | |
| Stock-based compensation | 14 | | | 10 | |
| Mark-to-market adjustments on derivatives | (7) | | | 59 | |
| Other adjustments to net income (loss) | (2) | | | 0 | |
| Net change in assets and liabilities, excluding the impact of acquisitions and dispositions: | | | |
| Trade receivables | (14) | | | (3) | |
| Relocation receivables | (67) | | | 11 | |
| Other assets | (14) | | | (8) | |
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | (63) | | | (29) | |
| Dividends received from unconsolidated entities | 38 | | | 22 | |
| Other, net | (21) | | | (12) | |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 186 | | | 33 | |
| Investing Activities | | | |
| Property and equipment additions | (50) | | | (49) | |
| Proceeds from the sale of business | 15 | | | 0 | |
| Investment in unconsolidated entities | (7) | | | (2) | |
| Other, net | (9) | | | (12) | |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (51) | | | (63) | |
| Financing Activities | | | |
| Net change in Revolving Credit Facility | 0 | | | 625 | |
| Payments for refinancing of Term Loan A Facility and Term Loan B Facility | (1,055) | | | 0 | |
| Proceeds from issuance of Senior Notes | 905 | | | 0 | |
| Proceeds from issuance of Senior Secured Second Lien Notes | 0 | | | 550 | |
| Redemption of Senior Notes | 0 | | | (550) | |
| Proceeds from issuance of Exchangeable Senior Notes | 403 | | | 0 | |
| Payments for purchase of Exchangeable Senior Notes hedge transactions | (67) | | | 0 | |
| Proceeds from issuance of Exchangeable Senior Notes warrant transactions | 46 | | | 0 | |
| Amortization payments on term loan facilities | (6) | | | (19) | |
| Net change in securitization obligations | 40 | | | (92) | |
| Debt issuance costs | (20) | | | (8) | |
| Cash paid for fees associated with early extinguishment of debt | (11) | | | (7) | |
| Taxes paid related to net share settlement for stock-based compensation | (9) | | | (5) | |
| Other, net | (18) | | | (26) | |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 208 | | | 468 | |
| Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 343 | | | 438 | |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | 523 | | | 266 | |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 866 | | | $ | 704 | |
| | | |
| Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information | | | |
| Interest payments (including securitization interest of $2 and $3 respectively) | $ | 83 | | | $ | 105 | |
| Income tax payments, net | 13 | | | 0 | |
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
9
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended
June 30, | | |
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Financing Activities | | | |
| Net change in Revolving Credit Facility | $ | 625 | | | $ | 60 | |
| Proceeds from issuance of Senior Secured Second Lien Notes | 550 | | | — | |
| Proceeds from issuance of Senior Notes | — | | | 550 | |
| Redemption of Senior Notes | (550) | | | (450) | |
| Amortization payments on term loan facilities | (19) | | | (15) | |
| Debt issuance costs | (8) | | | (9) | |
| Cash paid for fees associated with early extinguishment of debt | (7) | | | (4) | |
| Repurchase of common stock | — | | | (20) | |
| Dividends paid on common stock | — | | | (21) | |
| Taxes paid related to net share settlement for stock-based compensation | (5) | | | (6) | |
| Payments of contingent consideration related to acquisitions | — | | | (2) | |
| Other, net | (15) | | | (13) | |
| Net cash provided by financing activities from continuing operations | 571 | | | 70 | |
| Net cash used in financing activities from discontinued operations | (103) | | | (24) | |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 468 | | | 46 | |
| Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | — | | | — | |
| Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 438 | | | 40 | |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | 266 | | | 238 | |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | 704 | | | 278 | |
| Less cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of discontinued operations, end of period | 18 | | | 18 | |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of continuing operations, end of period | $ | 686 | | | $ | 260 | |
| | | |
| Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information | | | |
| Interest payments for continuing operations | $ | 102 | | | $ | 95 | |
| Income tax payments for continuing operations, net | — | | | 6 | |
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
10
REALOGY HOLDINGS CORP. AND REALOGY GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unless otherwise noted, all amounts are in millions)
(Unaudited)
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Realogy Holdings Corp. ("Realogy Holdings", "Realogy" or the "Company") is a holding company for its consolidated subsidiaries including Realogy Intermediate Holdings LLC ("Realogy Intermediate") and Realogy Group LLC ("Realogy Group") and its consolidated subsidiaries. Realogy, through its subsidiaries, is a global provider of residential real estate services. Neither Realogy Holdings, the indirect parent of Realogy Group, nor Realogy Intermediate, the direct parent company of Realogy Group, conducts any operations other than with respect to its respective direct or indirect ownership of Realogy Group. As a result, the consolidated financial positions, results of operations, comprehensive income (loss) and cash flows of Realogy Holdings, Realogy Intermediate and Realogy Group are the same.
The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the financial statements of Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group. Realogy Holdings' only asset is its investment in the common stock of Realogy Intermediate, and Realogy Intermediate's only asset is its investment in Realogy Group. Realogy Holdings' only obligations are its guarantees of certain borrowings and certain franchise obligations of Realogy Group. All expenses incurred by Realogy Holdings and Realogy Intermediate are for the benefit of Realogy Group and have been reflected in Realogy Group's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and with Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Interim results may not be indicative of full year performance because of seasonal and short-term variations. The Company has eliminated all material intercompany transactions and balances between entities consolidated in these financial statements. In presenting the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and the related disclosures. Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgment and available information. Accordingly, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
In management's opinion, the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group's financial position as of June 30, 20202021 and the results of operations and comprehensive income (loss) income for the three and six months ended June 30, 20202021 and 20192020 and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 20202021 and 2019.2020. The Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 20192020 was derived from audited annual financial statements but does not contain all of the footnote disclosures from the annual financial statements. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a profound effect on the global economy and financial markets, creating considerable risks and uncertainties for almost all sectors, including the U.S. real estate services industry, as well as for the Company and its affiliated franchisees. Among other things, the crisis has created risks and uncertainties arising from the adverse effects on the economy as well as risks related to employees, independent sales agents, franchisees, and consumers.
In mid-March 2020, we began taking a series of proactive cost-saving measures in reaction to the evolving crisis, including salary reductions, furloughs and reductions in spending which resulted in substantial cost-savings in the second quarter of 2020. Many of these cost-saving measures were or are temporary in nature and have been or will continue to be assessed and adjusted on an ongoing basis based upon the volume of homesale transactions and business needs.
See Note 3, "Goodwill and Intangible Assets", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges recorded in the first quarter of 2020 due to the impact on future earnings related to the COVID-19 pandemic which qualified as a triggering event for all of our reporting units as of March 31, 2020, Note 5, "Short and Long-Term Debt", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on our short- and long-term debt, and Note 11, "Subsequent Events", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information on recent amendments to the Senior Secured Credit Agreement and Term Loan A Agreement.
Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value.
| | | | | | | | |
| Level Input: | | Input Definitions: |
| | |
| Level I | | Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets at the measurement date. |
| | |
| Level II | | Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level I that are observable for the asset or liability through corroboration with market data at the measurement date. |
| | |
| Level III | | Unobservable inputs that reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. |
The availability of observable inputs can vary from asset to asset and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including, for example, the type of asset, whether the asset is new and not yet established in the marketplace, and other characteristics particular to the transaction. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment
exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level III. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
The fair value of financial instruments is generally determined by reference to quoted market values. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques, as appropriate. The fair value of interest rate swaps is determined based upon a discounted cash flow approach.
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value on a recurring basis and recognizes transfers within the fair value hierarchy at the end of the fiscal quarter in which the change in circumstances that caused the transfer occurred.
The following table summarizes fair value measurements by level at June 30, 2021 for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Level I | | Level II | | Level III | | Total |
| Deferred compensation plan assets (included in other non-current assets) | $ | 1 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 1 | |
| Interest rate swaps (included in other non-current liabilities) | 0 | | | 63 | | | 0 | | | 63 | |
| Contingent consideration for acquisitions (included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities) | 0 | | | 0 | | | 3 | | | 3 | |
The following table summarizes fair value measurements by level at December 31, 2020 for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Level I | | Level II | | Level III | | Total |
| Deferred compensation plan assets (included in other non-current assets) | $ | 1 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1 | |
| Interest rate swaps (included in other current and non-current liabilities) | — | | | 99 | | | — | | | 99 | |
| Contingent consideration for acquisitions (included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities) | — | | | — | | | 5 | | | 5 | |
The following table summarizes fair value measurements by level at December 31, 2019 for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Level I | | Level II | | Level III | | Total |
| Deferred compensation plan assets (included in other non-current assets) | $ | 2 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2 | |
| Interest rate swaps (included in other current and non-current liabilities) | — | | | 47 | | | — | | | 47 | |
| Contingent consideration for acquisitions (included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities) | — | | | — | | | 4 | | | 4 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Level I | | Level II | | Level III | | Total |
| Deferred compensation plan assets (included in other non-current assets) | $ | 1 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 1 | |
| Interest rate swaps (included in other non-current liabilities) | 0 | | | 81 | | | 0 | | | 81 | |
| Contingent consideration for acquisitions (included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities) | 0 | | | 0 | | | 3 | | | 3 | |
The fair value of the Company’s contingent consideration for acquisitions is measured using a probability weighted-average discount rate to estimate future cash flows based upon the likelihood of achieving future operating results for individual acquisitions. These assumptions are deemed to be unobservable inputs and as such the Company’s contingent consideration is classified within Level III of the valuation hierarchy. The Company reassesses the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities on a quarterly basis.
The following table presents changes in Level III financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Level III |
Fair value of contingent consideration at December 31, 20192020 | | $ | 43 | |
| Additions: contingent consideration related to acquisitions completed during the period | | 1 | |
| Reductions: payments of contingent consideration | | — (1) | |
| Changes in fair value (reflected in general and administrative expenses) | | —0 | |
Fair value of contingent consideration at June 30, 20202021 | | $ | 53 | |
The following table summarizes the principal amount of the Company’s indebtedness compared to the estimated fair value, primarily determined by quoted market values, at:
| | | | June 30, 2020 | | | December 31, 2019 | | | June 30, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| Debt | Debt | Principal Amount | | Estimated
Fair Value (a) | | Principal Amount | | Estimated
Fair Value (a) | Debt | Principal Amount | | Estimated
Fair Value (a) | | Principal Amount | | Estimated
Fair Value (a) |
| Senior Secured Credit Facility: | Senior Secured Credit Facility: | | | | | | | | Senior Secured Credit Facility: | | | | | | | |
| Revolving Credit Facility | $ | 815 | | | $ | 815 | | | $ | 190 | | | $ | 190 | | |
| Non-extended Revolving Credit Commitment | | Non-extended Revolving Credit Commitment | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
| Extended Revolving Credit Commitment | | Extended Revolving Credit Commitment | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Term Loan B | Term Loan B | 1,053 | | | 963 | | | 1,058 | | | 1,048 | | Term Loan B | 237 | | | 237 | | | 1,048 | | | 1,032 | |
| Term Loan A Facility: | Term Loan A Facility: | | Term Loan A Facility: | |
| Term Loan A | 703 | | | 650 | | | 717 | | | 705 | | |
| Non-extended Term Loan A | | Non-extended Term Loan A | 197 | | | 189 | | | 684 | | | 671 | |
| Extended Term Loan A | | Extended Term Loan A | 236 | | | 227 | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes | 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes | 550 | | | 549 | | | — | | | — | | 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes | 550 | | | 597 | | | 550 | | | 595 | |
| 5.25% Senior Notes | — | | | — | | | 550 | | | 557 | | |
| 4.875% Senior Notes | 4.875% Senior Notes | 407 | | | 383 | | | 407 | | | 401 | | 4.875% Senior Notes | 407 | | | 424 | | | 407 | | | 415 | |
| 9.375% Senior Notes | 9.375% Senior Notes | 550 | | | 513 | | | 550 | | | 572 | | 9.375% Senior Notes | 550 | | | 611 | | | 550 | | | 609 | |
| 5.75% Senior Notes | | 5.75% Senior Notes | 900 | | | 941 | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| 0.25% Exchangeable Senior Notes | | 0.25% Exchangeable Senior Notes | 403 | | | 409 | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
_______________
(a)The fair value of the Company's indebtedness is categorized as Level II.
Equity Method Investments
At June 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Company had various equity method investments which are recorded within other non-current assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Company's investment in Guaranteed Rate Affinity, LLC ("Guaranteed Rate Affinity") at Realogy Title Group had investment balances of $92 million and $90 million at June 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019 of $84 million and $60 million,2020, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, the Company recorded equity earnings of $35$8 million and $6$35 million, respectively, related to earnings from its investment in Guaranteed Rate Affinity. For the six months ended June 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, the Company recorded equity earnings of $44$38 million and $7$44 million, respectively, related to earnings from its investment in Guaranteed Rate Affinity. The Company received $35 million and $20 million in cash dividends from Guaranteed Rate Affinity during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, and 0 cash dividends during the six months ended June 30, 2019. The Company invested $2 million of cash into Guaranteed Rate Affinity during the six months ended June 30, 2019.respectively.
The Company's other equity method investments at Realogy Title Group had investment balances totaling $14 million and $10 million at June 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019 totaling $8 million and $9 million,2020, respectively. The Company recorded $2 million and $1 million equity earnings from the operations of these equity method investments offor the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company recorded $3 million and $1 million in each period during bothequity earnings from the three andoperations of these equity method investments for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, and 2019.respectively. The Company received $2$3 million and $1$2 million in cash dividends from otherthese equity method investments during the six months ended June 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.
Income Taxes
The Company's provision for income taxes in interim periods is computed by applying its estimated annual effective tax rate against the income before income taxes for the period. In addition, non-recurring or discrete items are recorded in the period in which they occur. The provision for income taxes was an expense of $11$60 million and $33a benefit of $5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and 2019, respectively,an expense of $77 million and a benefit of $121 million and an expense of $1$146 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively.
Derivative Instruments
The Company records derivatives and hedging activities on the balance sheet at their respective fair values. The Company enters into interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates associated with its variable rate borrowings. As of June 30, 2020,2021, the Company had interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional value of $1,600$1,000 million to offset the variability in cash flows resulting from the term loan facilities as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Notional Value (in millions) | | Commencement Date | | Expiration Date | |
$600 | | August 2015 | | August 2020 | (a) |
$450 | | November 2017 | | November 2022 | |
| $400 | | August 2020 | (a) | August 2025 | |
| $150 | | November 2022 | | November 2027 | |
(a)Table of Interest rate swaps with a notional value of $600 million expire on August 7, 2020, and interest rate swaps with a notional value of $400 million commence on August 14, 2020.ContentsThe swaps help to protect our outstanding variable rate borrowings from future interest rate volatility. The Company has not elected to utilize hedge accounting for these interest rate swaps; therefore, any change in fair value is recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The fair value of derivative instruments was as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | | Balance Sheet Location | | June 30, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| Interest rate swap contracts | | Other non-current liabilities | | 63 | | | 81 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | | Balance Sheet Location | | June 30, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 |
| Interest rate swap contracts | | Other current and non-current liabilities | | 99 | | | 47 | |
The effect of derivative instruments on earnings was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | | Location of Loss Recognized for Derivative Instruments | | Loss Recognized on Derivatives | | | | | | |
| | | | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | |
| | | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Interest rate swap contracts | | Interest expense | | $ | 8 | | | $ | 24 | | | $ | 59 | | | $ | 38 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | | Location of Loss or (Gain) Recognized for Derivative Instruments | | Loss or (Gain) Recognized on Derivatives |
| Three Months Ended June 30, | | Six Months Ended June 30, |
| 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Interest rate swap contracts | | Interest expense | | $ | 6 | | | $ | 8 | | | $ | (7) | | | $ | 59 | |
Revenue
Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of promised services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those services in accordance with the revenue standard. The Company's revenue is disaggregated by major revenue categories on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and further disaggregated by business segment as follows:
| | | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Three Months Ended June 30, |
| | | Realogy Franchise Group | | | Realogy Brokerage Group | | | Realogy Title
Group | | | Corporate and Other | | | Total
Company | | | Realogy Franchise Group | | Realogy Brokerage Group | | Realogy Title
Group | | Corporate and Other | | Total
Company |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Gross commission income (a) | Gross commission income (a) | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 919 | | | $ | 1,310 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 919 | | | $ | 1,310 | | Gross commission income (a) | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 1,773 | | | $ | 919 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 1,773 | | | $ | 919 | |
| Service revenue (b) | Service revenue (b) | 14 | | | 26 | | | 4 | | | 3 | | | 154 | | | 154 | | | — | | | — | | | 172 | | | 183 | | Service revenue (b) | 60 | | | 61 | | | 8 | | | 4 | | | 246 | | | 154 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 314 | | | 219 | |
| Franchise fees (c) | Franchise fees (c) | 148 | | | 196 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (63) | | | (84) | | | 85 | | | 112 | | Franchise fees (c) | 259 | | | 148 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | (112) | | | (63) | | | 147 | | | 85 | |
| Other (d) | Other (d) | 17 | | | 38 | | | 10 | | | 18 | | | 6 | | | 6 | | | (2) | | | (3) | | | 31 | | | 59 | | Other (d) | 28 | | | 18 | | | 10 | | | 10 | | | 9 | | | 6 | | | (5) | | | (2) | | | 42 | | | 32 | |
| Net revenues | Net revenues | $ | 179 | | | $ | 260 | | | $ | 933 | | | $ | 1,331 | | | $ | 160 | | | $ | 160 | | | $ | (65) | | | $ | (87) | | | $ | 1,207 | | | $ | 1,664 | | Net revenues | $ | 347 | | | $ | 227 | | | $ | 1,791 | | | $ | 933 | | | $ | 255 | | | $ | 160 | | | $ | (117) | | | $ | (65) | | | $ | 2,276 | | | $ | 1,255 | |
| | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | | Six Months Ended June 30, |
| | Realogy Franchise Group | | | Realogy Brokerage Group | | | Realogy Title
Group | | | Corporate and Other | | | Total
Company | | | Realogy Franchise Group | | Realogy Brokerage Group | | Realogy Title
Group | | Corporate and Other | | Total
Company |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Gross commission income (a) | Gross commission income (a) | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,769 | | | $ | 2,109 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,769 | | | $ | 2,109 | | Gross commission income (a) | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 2,927 | | | $ | 1,769 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 2,927 | | | $ | 1,769 | |
| Service revenue (b) | Service revenue (b) | 27 | | | 42 | | | 9 | | | 5 | | | 287 | | | 265 | | | — | | | — | | | 323 | | | 312 | | Service revenue (b) | 107 | | | 125 | | | 15 | | | 9 | | | 441 | | | 287 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 563 | | | 421 | |
| Franchise fees (c) | Franchise fees (c) | 275 | | | 319 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (119) | | | (137) | | | 156 | | | 182 | | Franchise fees (c) | 440 | | | 275 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | (188) | | | (119) | | | 252 | | | 156 | |
| Other (d) | Other (d) | 45 | | | 78 | | | 24 | | | 33 | | | 10 | | | 9 | | | (4) | | | (5) | | | 75 | | | 115 | | Other (d) | 54 | | | 47 | | | 20 | | | 24 | | | 15 | | | 10 | | | (8) | | | (4) | | | 81 | | | 77 | |
| Net revenues | Net revenues | $ | 347 | | | $ | 439 | | | $ | 1,802 | | | $ | 2,147 | | | $ | 297 | | | $ | 274 | | | $ | (123) | | | $ | (142) | | | $ | 2,323 | | | $ | 2,718 | | Net revenues | $ | 601 | | | $ | 447 | | | $ | 2,962 | | | $ | 1,802 | | | $ | 456 | | | $ | 297 | | | $ | (196) | | | $ | (123) | | | $ | 3,823 | | | $ | 2,423 | |
______________
(a)Consists primarily of revenues related to grossGross commission income at Realogy Brokerage Group which is recognized at a point in time at the closing of a homesale transaction.
(b)Service revenue primarily consists of title and escrow fees at Realogy Title Group and are recognized at a point in time at the closing of a homesale transaction. Service revenue at Realogy Franchise Group includes relocation fees, which are recognized as revenue when or as the related performance obligation is satisfied dependent on the type of service performed, and fees related to leads and related services, which are recognized at a point in time at the closing of a homesale transaction.transaction or at the completion of the relatedservice.
(c)Franchise fees at Realogy Franchise Group primarily include domestic royalties which are recognized at a point in time when the underlying franchisee revenue is earned (upon close of the homesale transaction).
(d)Other revenue is comprised of brand marketing funds received from franchisees at Realogy Franchise Group from franchisees, third-party listing fees in 2019 and other miscellaneous revenues across all of the business segments.
The following table shows the change in the Company's contract liabilities (deferred revenue) related to revenue contracts by reportable segment for the period:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Beginning Balance at January 1, 2020 | | Additions during the period | | Recognized as Revenue during the period | | Ending Balance at June 30, 2020 |
| Realogy Franchise Group: | | | | | | | |
| Deferred area development fees (a) | $ | 48 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (5) | | | $ | 43 | |
| Deferred brand marketing fund fees (b) | 13 | | | 22 | | | (32) | | | 3 | |
| Other deferred income related to revenue contracts | 11 | | | 14 | | | (14) | | | 11 | |
| Total Realogy Franchise Group | 72 | | | 36 | | | (51) | | | 57 | |
| Realogy Brokerage Group: | | | | | | | |
| Advanced commissions related to development business (c) | 9 | | | 2 | | | (2) | | | 9 | |
| Other deferred income related to revenue contracts | 4 | | | 1 | | | (2) | | | 3 | |
| Total Realogy Brokerage Group | 13 | | | 3 | | | (4) | | | 12 | |
| Total | $ | 85 | | | $ | 39 | | | $ | (55) | | | $ | 69 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Beginning Balance at January 1, 2021 | | Additions during the period | | Recognized as Revenue during the period | | Ending
Balance at
June 30, 2021 |
| Realogy Franchise Group: | | | | | | | |
| Deferred area development fees (a) | $ | 43 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | (3) | | | $ | 41 | |
| Deferred brand marketing fund fees (b) | 14 | | | 51 | | | (46) | | | 19 | |
| Deferred outsourcing management fees (c) | 3 | | | 21 | | | (18) | | | 6 | |
| Other deferred income related to revenue contracts | 10 | | | 17 | | | (16) | | | 11 | |
| Total Realogy Franchise Group | 70 | | | 90 | | | (83) | | | 77 | |
| Realogy Brokerage Group: | | | | | | | |
| Advanced commissions related to development business (d) | 9 | | | 1 | | | 0 | | | 10 | |
| Other deferred income related to revenue contracts | 3 | | | 2 | | | (2) | | | 3 | |
| Total Realogy Brokerage Group | 12 | | | 3 | | | (2) | | | 13 | |
| Total | $ | 82 | | | $ | 93 | | | $ | (85) | | | $ | 90 | |
_______________
(a)The Company collects initial area development fees ("ADF") for international territory transactions, which are recorded as deferred revenue when received and recognized into franchise revenue over the average 25 year life of the related franchise agreement as consideration for the right to access and benefit from Realogy’s brands. In the event an ADF agreement is terminated prior to the end of its term, the unamortized deferred revenue balance will be recognized into revenue immediately upon termination.
(b)Revenues recognized include intercompany marketing fees paid by Realogy Brokerage Group.
(c)The Company earns revenues from outsourcing management fees charged to clients that may cover several of the relocation services listed above, according to the clients' specific needs. Outsourcing management fees are recorded as deferred revenue when billed (usually at the start of the relocation) and are recognized as revenue over the average time period required to complete the transferee's move, or a phase of the move that the fee covers, which is typically 3 to 6 months depending on the move type.
(d)New development closings generally have a development period of between 18 and 24 months from contracted date to closing.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company estimates the allowance necessary to provide for uncollectible accounts receivable. The estimate is based on historical experience, combined with a review of current conditions and forecasts of future losses, and includes specific accounts for which payment has become unlikely. The process by which the Company calculates the allowance begins in the individual business units where specific problem accounts are identified and reserved primarily based upon the age profile of the receivables and specific payment issues, combined with reasonable and supportable forecasts of future losses.
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Significant non-cash transactions included finance lease additions of $3 million and $7 million during the six months ended June 30, 20202021 and 2019 included finance lease additions of $7 million and $9 million,2020, respectively, which resulted in non-cash additions to property and equipment, net and other non-current liabilities.
Leases
Other than the Company's facility closures as described in Note 6,5, "Restructuring Costs," the Company's lease obligations as of June 30, 20202021 have not changed materially from the amounts reported in our 20192020 Form 10-K.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
The Company adopted the new accounting standard on Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326)Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes effective January 1, 2020.2021. The new standard amends the guidance for measuring credit losses on certain financial instrumentsclarifies and financial assets, including trade receivables. The standard requires that companies recognize an allowance that reflects the current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred over the lifesimplifies aspects of the financial instrument.accounting for income taxes to help promote consistent application of GAAP by eliminating certain exceptions to the general principles of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. The valuation allowance for credit losses should be recognized and measured based on historical experience, current conditions and expectations of the future. The initial adoption of this guidance did not have an impact to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements upon adoption on January 1, 2020.2021.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
The Company considers the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs"). Recently issued standards were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
2. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
The Company entered into a PurchaseFASB issued its new standard on Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Sale Agreement on November 6, 2019 (the "Purchase Agreement"),Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity which simplifies the accounting for instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible debt. The new standard reduces the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock resulting in fewer embedded conversion features being separately recognized from the host contract and the interest rate of more convertible debt instruments being closer to the coupon interest rate, as compared with current guidance. The new standard also amends the derivative guidance for the acquisition of Cartus Relocation Services, the Company's global employee relocation business, by North American Van Lines, Inc. (as assignee of SIRVA Worldwide, Inc., or "SIRVA")“own stock” scope exception, which exempts qualifying instruments from being accounted for $375 million in cash at closing, subject toas derivatives if certain adjustments set forth in the Purchase Agreement, and a $25 million deferred payment after the closing of the transaction. SIRVA is a portfolio company of affiliates of Madison Dearborn Partners, LLC ("MDP"). See Note 9, "Commitments and Contingencies", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on litigation relating to the planned sale of Cartus Relocation.
The transaction under the Purchase Agreement includes all of Cartus Relocation Services, but not Realogy Leads Group. Realogy Leads Group is comprised of the Company's affinity and broker-to-broker business, as well as the broker network made up of agents and brokers from Realogy’s residential real estate brands and certain independent real estate brokers (which is referred to as the Realogy Advantage Broker Network).
In connection with the Company's signing of the Purchase Agreement during the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company met the requirements to report the operating results of the Cartus Relocation Services business as discontinued operations. Accordingly, the income (loss) related to Cartus Relocation Services is reported in "Net (loss) income from discontinued operations" on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for all periods presented.criteria are met. In addition, the related assetsstandard changes the diluted earnings per share calculation for instruments that may be settled in cash or shares and liabilities are reported as assetsfor convertible instruments. The new standard is effective for reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2021 and liabilities held for salepermits the use of either the modified retrospective or fully retrospective method of transition. The Company is currently evaluating the impact and transition method on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The cash flows related to discontinued operations have been segregatedCompany's financial statements.
2. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
Goodwill by reporting unit and are includedchanges in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.carrying amount are as follows:
The following table summarizes the operating results of discontinued operations described above and reflected within "Net (loss) income from discontinued operations" in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for each of the periods presented:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Net revenues | | $ | 48 | | | $ | 71 | | | $ | 100 | | | $ | 131 | |
| Total expenses | | 61 | | | 70 | | | 119 | | | 147 | |
| (Loss) income from discontinued operations | | (13) | | | 1 | | | (19) | | | (16) | |
| Estimated loss on the sale of discontinued operations (a) | | (44) | | | — | | | (74) | | | — | |
| Income tax benefit from discontinued operations | | (16) | | | — | | | (25) | | | (3) | |
| Net (loss) income from discontinued operations | | $ | (41) | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | (68) | | | $ | (13) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Realogy Franchise Group | | Realogy Brokerage Group | | Realogy
Title Group | | Total
Company |
| Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | 2,509 | | | $ | 245 | | | $ | 156 | | | $ | 2,910 | |
| Goodwill acquired (a) | 0 | | | 0 | | | 2 | | | 2 | |
| Goodwill reduction for sale of a business (b) | (3) | | | (10) | | | 0 | | | (13) | |
| Balance at June 30, 2021 | $ | 2,506 | | | $ | 235 | | | $ | 158 | | | $ | 2,899 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Accumulated impairment losses (c) | $ | 1,447 | | | $ | 808 | | | $ | 324 | | | $ | 2,579 | |
_______________
(a)AdjustmentGoodwill acquired during the six months ended June 30, 2021 relates to recordthe acquisition of 1 title and settlement operation.
(b)Goodwill reduction relates to the sale of a relocation-related business during the first quarter of 2021 and the sale of a business at Realogy Brokerage Group during the second quarter of 2021.
(c)Includes impairment charges which reduced goodwill by $540 million during 2020, $253 million during 2019, $1,279 million during 2008 and $507 million during 2007.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of June 30, 2021 | | As of December 31, 2020 |
| | Gross
Carrying
Amount | | Accumulated
Amortization | | Net
Carrying
Amount | | Gross
Carrying
Amount | | Accumulated
Amortization | | Net
Carrying
Amount |
| Amortizable—Franchise agreements (a) | $ | 2,010 | | | $ | 956 | | | $ | 1,054 | | | $ | 2,010 | | | $ | 922 | | | $ | 1,088 | |
| Indefinite life—Trademarks (b) | $ | 685 | | | | | $ | 685 | | | $ | 685 | | | | | $ | 685 | |
| Other Intangibles | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Amortizable—License agreements (c) | $ | 45 | | | $ | 13 | | | $ | 32 | | | $ | 45 | | | $ | 13 | | | $ | 32 | |
| Amortizable—Customer relationships (d) | 456 | | | 334 | | | 122 | | | 509 | | | 376 | | | 133 | |
| Indefinite life—Title plant shares (e) | 25 | | | | | 25 | | | 20 | | | | | 20 | |
| Amortizable—Other (f) | 14 | | | 12 | | | 2 | | | 14 | | | 11 | | | 3 | |
| Total Other Intangibles | $ | 540 | | | $ | 359 | | | $ | 181 | | | $ | 588 | | | $ | 400 | | | $ | 188 | |
_______________
(a)Generally amortized over a period of 30 years.
(b)Primarily related to real estate franchise brands which are expected to generate future cash flows for an indefinite period of time.
(c)Relates to the Sotheby’s International Realty®and liabilities heldBetter Homes and Gardens® Real Estate agreements which are being amortized over 50 years (the contractual term of the license agreements).
(d)Relates to the customer relationships at Realogy Franchise Group, Realogy Title Group and Realogy Brokerage Group. These relationships are being amortized over a period of 2 to 20 years.
(e)Ownership in a title plant is required to transact title insurance in certain states. The Company expects to generate future cash flows for sale at the loweran indefinite period of carrying value or fair value less any coststime.
(f)Consists of covenants not to sell basedcompete which are amortized over their contract lives and other intangibles which are generally amortized over periods ranging from 5 to 10 years.
Intangible asset amortization expense is as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended
June 30, | | Six Months Ended
June 30, |
| | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Franchise agreements | $ | 17 | | | $ | 17 | | | $ | 34 | | | $ | 34 | |
| Customer relationships | 5 | | | 0 | | | 11 | | | 1 | |
| Other | 1 | | | 1 | | | 1 | | | 2 | |
| Total | $ | 23 | | | $ | 18 | | | $ | 46 | | | $ | 37 | |
Based on the estimated net purchase price.Company’s amortizable intangible assets as of June 30, 2021, the Company expects related amortization expense for the remainder of 2021, the 4 succeeding years and thereafter to be approximately $46 million, $90 million, $89 million, $89 million, $89 million and $807 million, respectively.
3. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| Accrued payroll and related employee costs | $ | 185 | | | $ | 239 | |
| Advances from clients | 32 | | | 65 | |
| Accrued volume incentives | 37 | | | 46 | |
| Accrued commissions | 60 | | | 48 | |
| Restructuring accruals | 13 | | | 16 | |
| Deferred income | 57 | | | 46 | |
| Accrued interest | 43 | | | 18 | |
| Current portion of finance lease liabilities | 12 | | | 13 | |
| Due to former parent | 19 | | | 19 | |
| Other | 107 | | | 90 | |
| Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | 565 | | | $ | 600 | |
Assets and liabilities held for sale4. SHORT AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Total indebtedness is as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| Senior Secured Credit Facility: | | | |
| Non-extended Revolving Credit Commitment | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
| Extended Revolving Credit Commitment | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Term Loan B | 235 | | | 1,036 | |
| Term Loan A Facility: | | | |
| Non-extended Term Loan A | 196 | | | 681 | |
| Extended Term Loan A | 235 | | | 0 | |
| 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes | 541 | | | 540 | |
| 4.875% Senior Notes | 406 | | | 406 | |
| 9.375% Senior Notes | 544 | | | 544 | |
| 5.75% Senior Notes | 898 | | | 0 | |
| 0.25% Exchangeable Senior Notes | 320 | | | 0 | |
| Total Short-Term & Long-Term Debt | $ | 3,375 | | | $ | 3,207 | |
| Securitization Obligations: | | | |
| Apple Ridge Funding LLC | $ | 145 | | | $ | 102 | |
| Cartus Financing Limited | 2 | | | 4 | |
| Total Securitization Obligations | $ | 147 | | | $ | 106 | |
Indebtedness Table
As of June 30, 2021, the Company’s borrowing arrangements were as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest
Rate | | Expiration
Date | | Principal Amount | | Unamortized Discount (Premium) and Debt Issuance Costs | | Net Amount |
| Senior Secured Credit Facility (1): | | | | | | | | | |
| Non-extended Revolving Credit Commitment | (2) | | February 2023 | | $ | 0 | | | $ * | | $ | 0 | |
| Extended Revolving Credit Commitment | (2) | | February 2025 (3) | | 0 | | | * | | 0 | |
| Term Loan B | (4) | | February 2025 | | 237 | | | 2 | | | 235 | |
| Term Loan A Facility (5): | | | | | | | | | |
| Non-extended Term Loan A | (6) | | February 2023 | | 197 | | | 1 | | | 196 | |
| Extended Term Loan A | (7) | | February 2025 (3) | | 236 | | | 1 | | | 235 | |
| Senior Secured Second Lien Notes (8) | 7.625% | | June 2025 | | 550 | | | 9 | | | 541 | |
| Senior Notes (8) | 4.875% | | June 2023 | | 407 | | | 1 | | | 406 | |
| Senior Notes (8) | 9.375% | | April 2027 | | 550 | | | 6 | | | 544 | |
| Senior Notes (8) | 5.75% | | January 2029 | | 900 | | | 2 | | | 898 | |
| Exchangeable Senior Notes | 0.25% | | June 2026 | | 403 | | | 83 | | | 320 | |
| Total Short-Term & Long-Term Debt | $ | 3,480 | | | $ | 105 | | | $ | 3,375 | |
| Securitization obligations: (9) | | | | | | | | | |
| Apple Ridge Funding LLC (10) | | June 2022 | | $ | 145 | | | $ * | | $ | 145 | |
| Cartus Financing Limited (11) | | August 2021 | | 2 | | | * | | 2 | |
| Total Securitization Obligations | $ | 147 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 147 | |
_______________
*The debt issuance costs related to discontinued operations presentedour Revolving Credit Facility and securitization obligations are classified as a deferred financing asset within other assets.
(1)The available capacity under the Non-extended Revolving Credit Commitment is $477 million, while the available capacity under the Extended Revolving Credit Commitment is $948 million. As of June 30, 2021, there were 0 outstanding borrowings under
either the Non-extended Revolving Credit Commitment or Extended Revolving Credit Commitment and $42 million of outstanding undrawn letters of credit. The Non-extended Revolving Credit Commitment expires in February 2023 and, subject to earlier spring maturity described in footnote (3), the Extended Revolving Credit Commitment expires in February 2025, but in each instance, amounts outstanding would be classified on the balance sheet as current due to the revolving nature and terms and conditions of the facilities. On August 2, 2021, the Company had 0 outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and $42 million of outstanding undrawn letters of credit.
(2)Interest rates with respect to revolving loans under the Senior Secured Credit Facility at June 30, 2021 were based on, at the Company's option, (a) adjusted London Interbank Offering Rate ("LIBOR") plus an additional margin or (b) JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.'s prime rate ("ABR") plus an additional margin, in each case subject to adjustment based on the then current senior secured leverage ratio. Based on the previous quarter's senior secured leverage ratio, the LIBOR margin was 1.75% and the ABR margin was 0.75% for the three months ended June 30, 2021.
(3)The maturity date of each of the Extended Revolving Credit Commitment and Extended Term Loan A may spring forward to a date prior to February 2025 as follows: (i) if on or before March 2, 2023, the 4.875% Senior Notes have not been extended, refinanced or replaced to have a maturity date after May 10, 2025 (or are not otherwise discharged, defeased or repaid by March 2, 2023), the maturity date of the Extended Revolving Credit Commitment and Extended Term Loan A Facility will be March 2, 2023; and (ii) if on or before November 9, 2024, the Term Loan B Facility under the Senior Secured Credit Agreement is not extended, refinanced or replaced to have a maturity date after May 10, 2025 (or otherwise repaid prior to November 9, 2024), the maturity date of the Extended Revolving Credit Commitment and Extended Term Loan A Facility will be November 9, 2024.
(4)In January and February 2021, we used a portion of the proceeds from the issuance of 5.75% Senior Notes to pay down $655 million of outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan B Facility. In April 2021, the Company used cash on hand to pay down $150 million of outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan B Facility. The Term Loan B Facility provides for quarterly amortization payments totaling 1% per annum of the $1,080 million original principal amount. The interest rate with respect to term loans under the Term Loan B Facility is based on, at the Company’s option, (a) adjusted LIBOR plus 2.25% (with a LIBOR floor of 0.75%) or (b) ABR plus 1.25% (with an ABR floor of 1.75%).
(5)In January 2021, prior to the effective date of the 2021 Amendments, we used a portion of the proceeds from the issuance of 5.75% Senior Notes to pay down $250 million of outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan A Facility. The interest rates with respect to each of the Non-extended Term Loan A and Extended Term Loan A are based on, at the Company's option, (a) adjusted LIBOR plus an additional margin or (b) ABR plus an additional margin, in each case subject to adjustment based on the then current senior secured leverage ratio. Based on the previous quarter's senior secured leverage ratio, the LIBOR margin was 1.75% and the ABR margin was 0.75% for the three months ended June 30, 2021.
(6)The Company is not required to make amortization payments on the Non-extended Term Loan A. The balance of the Non-Extended Term Loan A is due at maturity on February 8, 2023.
(7)The Extended Term Loan A has quarterly amortization payments, commencing with the quarter ending June 30, 2021, equal to a percentage per quarter of the $237 million principal amount of the Extended Term Loan A outstanding on January 27, 2021 (the effective date of the 2021 Amendments), as follows: 0.625% per quarter from June 30, 2021 to March 31, 2022; 1.25% per quarter from June 30, 2022 to March 31, 2023; 1.875% per quarter from June 30, 2023 to March 31, 2024; and 2.50% per quarter for periods ending on or after June 30, 2024, with the balance of the Extended Term Loan A due at maturity on February 8, 2025.
(8)Realogy Group may redeem all or a portion of the Unsecured Notes or 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes, as applicable, at the redemption price set forth in the applicable indenture governing such notes, commencing on the following dates: | | | | | |
| Date |
| 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes | June 15, 2022 |
| 4.875% Senior Notes | March 1, 2023 |
| 9.375% Senior Notes | April 1, 2022 |
| 5.75% Senior Notes | January 15, 2024 |
Prior to the dates noted above, Realogy Group may redeem the applicable notes at their option, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of such notes redeemed plus a "make-whole" premium as set forth in the applicable indenture governing such notes. In addition, prior to the dates noted above, we may redeem up to 40% of the notes (other than the 4.875% Senior Notes) from the proceeds of certain equity offerings as set forth in the applicable indenture governing such notes. See below under the header "Exchangeable Senior Notes" for information on certain redemption features of the Exchangeable Senior Notes.
(9)Available capacity is subject to maintaining sufficient relocation related assets to collateralize these securitization obligations.
(10)In June 2021, Realogy Group extended the existing Apple Ridge Funding LLC securitization program utilized by Cartus until June 2022. As of June 30, 2021, the Company had $200 million of borrowing capacity under the Apple Ridge Funding LLC securitization program leaving $55 million of available capacity.
(11)Consists of a £10 million revolving loan facility and a £5 million working capital facility. As of June 30, 2021, the Company had $21 million of borrowing capacity under the Cartus Financing Limited securitization program leaving $19 million of available capacity.
Maturities Table
As of June 30, 2021, the combined aggregate amount of maturities for long-term borrowings for the remainder of 2021 and each of the next four years is as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| Year | | Amount |
| Remaining 2021 (a) | | $ | 8 | |
| 2022 | | 21 | |
| 2023 | | 631 | |
| 2024 | | 33 | |
| 2025 | | 934 | |
_______________
(a)Remaining 2021 includes amortization payments totaling $3 million and $5 million for the Extended Term Loan A and Term Loan B Facility, respectively. The current portion of long-term debt of $18 million shown on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets consists of four quarters of amortization payments totaling $7 million and $11 million for the Extended Term Loan A and Term Loan B Facility, respectively.
Senior Secured Credit Agreement and Term Loan A Agreement
The Company's Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of March 5, 2013 (as amended, amended and restated, modified or supplemented from time to time, the "Senior Secured Credit Agreement") governs its senior secured revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility") and term loan B facility (the "Term Loan B Facility", and collectively with the Revolving Credit Facility, the "Senior Secured Credit Facility") and the Company's Term Loan A Agreement dated as of October 23, 2015 (as amended, amended and restated, modified or supplemented from time to time, the "Term Loan A Agreement") governs its senior secured term loan A credit facility (the "Term Loan A Facility").
In January 2021, the Company repaid $250 million of outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan A Facility and $655 million of outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan B Facility using proceeds from its January and February 2021 issuances of $900 million 5.75% Senior Notes due 2029. In April 2021, the Company used cash on hand to pay down $150 million of outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan B Facility.
In January 2021, Realogy Group entered into amendments to the Senior Secured Credit Agreement, referred to collectively herein as the "2021 Amendments", which among other things:
•extend the maturity for approximately $237 million of the approximately $434 million outstanding loans under the Term Loan A Facility (the "Extended Term Loan A") after giving effect to the application of the proceeds of the 5.75% Senior Notes offering, from February 2023 to February 2025, subject to the following:
◦if on or before March 2, 2023, the 4.875% Senior Notes have not been extended, refinanced or replaced to have a maturity date after May 10, 2025 (or are not otherwise discharged, defeased or repaid by March 2, 2023), the maturity date of the Extended Term Loan A will be March 2, 2023; and
◦if on or before November 9, 2024, the Term Loan B Facility under the Senior Secured Credit Agreement is not extended, refinanced or replaced to have a maturity date after May 10, 2025 (or otherwise repaid prior to November 9, 2024), the maturity date of the Extended Term Loan A will be November 9, 2024; and
•extend the maturity of approximately $948 million of the $1,425 million in commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility (the "Extended Revolving Credit Commitment") from February 2023 to February 2025, subject to the earlier springing maturity dates applicable to the Extended Term Loan A described above.
The 2021 Amendments also made certain modifications to the Senior Secured Credit Agreement and Term Loan A Agreement, including amendments that tightened certain covenants in the Senior Secured Credit Agreement and Term Loan A Agreement and reduced the maximum permitted senior secured leverage ratio (the financial covenant under such agreements) for the applicable trailing twelve-month period to below the levels that had been permitted under the amendments to the Senior Secured Credit Agreement and Term Loan A Agreement that Realogy Group entered into in July 2020 (referred to collectively herein as the "2020 Amendments"). These modifications were to remain in place for the periods specified in the 2021 Amendments, unless terminated earlier by Realogy Group at its election. In June 2021, Realogy Group elected to terminate the covenant relief period and, accordingly, the senior secured leverage ratio reset to the pre-amendment level of 4.75 to 1.00 for the trailing twelve-month period ended June 30, 2021 and future periods and the
other covenants that had been tightened under the 2021 Amendments and 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows:Amendments returned to the pre-amendment levels.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 |
| Carrying amounts of the major classes of assets held for sale | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 11 | | | $ | 28 | |
| Restricted cash | 7 | | | 3 | |
| Trade receivables | 35 | | | 46 | |
| Relocation receivables | 190 | | | 203 | |
| Other current assets | 11 | | | 12 | |
| Property and equipment, net | 41 | | | 36 | |
| Operating lease assets, net | 24 | | | 36 | |
| Goodwill | 176 | | | 176 | |
| Trademarks | 76 | | | 76 | |
| Other intangibles, net | 156 | | | 156 | |
| Allowance for reduction of assets held for sale (a) | (96) | | | (22) | |
| Total assets classified as held for sale | $ | 631 | | | $ | 750 | |
| | | |
| Carrying amounts of the major classes of liabilities held for sale | | | |
| Accounts payable | $ | 35 | | | $ | 53 | |
| Securitization obligations | 113 | | | 206 | |
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 5 | | | 6 | |
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 52 | | | 62 | |
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | 26 | | | 29 | |
| Total liabilities classified as held for sale | $ | 231 | | | $ | 356 | |
_______________The Senior Secured Credit Facility includes:
(a)Adjustmentthe Term Loan B Facility issued in the original aggregate principal amount of $1,080 million with a maturity date of February 2025. The Term Loan B Facility has quarterly amortization payments totaling 1% per annum of the initial aggregate principal amount. The interest rate with respect to record assetsterm loans under the Term Loan B Facility is based on, at Realogy Group's option, adjusted LIBOR plus 2.25% (with a LIBOR floor of 0.75%) or ABR plus 1.25% (with an ABR floor of 1.75%); and liabilities held for sale
(b)a $1,425 million Revolving Credit Facility which includes a $125 million letter of credit subfacility. The Revolving Credit Facility includes available capacity under the Non-extended Revolving Credit Commitment of $477 million and the available capacity under the Extended Revolving Credit Commitment of $948 million. The Non-extended Revolving Credit Commitment expires in February 2023 and, subject to earlier spring maturity described above, the Extended Revolving Credit Commitment expires in February 2025. The interest rate with respect to revolving loans under the Revolving Credit Facility is based on, at Realogy Group's option, adjusted LIBOR or ABR plus an additional margin subject to the lower of carrying value or fair value less any costs to sellfollowing adjustments based on the PurchaseCompany’s then current senior secured leverage ratio: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Senior Secured Leverage Ratio | | Applicable LIBOR Margin | | Applicable ABR Margin |
| Greater than 3.50 to 1.00 | | 2.50% | | 1.50% |
| Less than or equal to 3.50 to 1.00 but greater than or equal to 2.50 to 1.00 | | 2.25% | | 1.25% |
| Less than 2.50 to 1.00 but greater than or equal to 2.00 to 1.00 | | 2.00% | | 1.00% |
| Less than 2.00 to 1.00 | | 1.75% | | 0.75% |
The obligations under the Senior Secured Credit Agreement are secured to the extent legally permissible by substantially all of the assets of Realogy Group, Realogy Intermediate and all of their domestic subsidiaries, other than certain excluded subsidiaries and subject to certain exceptions.
Realogy Group's Senior Secured Credit Agreement contains financial, affirmative and negative covenants as well as a financial covenant that Realogy Group maintain (so long as commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility are outstanding) a maximum permitted senior secured leverage ratio, not to exceed 4.75 to 1.00. The leverage ratio is tested quarterly regardless of the amount of borrowings outstanding and letters of credit issued under the Revolving Credit Facility at the testing date. Total senior secured net debt does not include the securitization obligations, 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes, or our unsecured indebtedness, including the Unsecured Notes and the Exchangeable Senior Notes. At June 30, 2021, Realogy Group was in compliance with the senior secured leverage ratio covenant. For the calculation of the senior secured leverage ratio for the second quarter of 2021, see Part I., "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Senior Secured Leverage Ratio applicable to our Senior Secured Credit Facility and Term Loan A Facility".
Term Loan A Facility
The term loans under the Term Loan A Facility were originally $750 million and include the Non-extended Term Loan A due February 2023 and the Extended Term Loan A due February 2025, subject to earlier spring maturity described above. The Extended Term Loan A provides for quarterly amortization based on a percentage of the principal amount of $237 million, commencing with the quarter ending June 30, 2021, as follows: 0.625% per quarter from June 30, 2021 to March 31, 2022; 1.25% per quarter from June 30, 2022 to March 31, 2023; 1.875% per quarter from June 30, 2023 to March 31, 2024; and 2.50% per quarter for periods ending on or after June 30, 2024, with the balance of the Extended Term Loan A due at maturity on February 8, 2025. No amortization payments are required on the Non-extended Term Loan A.
The interest rates with respect to the Term Loan A Facility are based on, at the Company's option, adjusted LIBOR or ABR plus an additional margin subject to the following adjustments based on the Company's then current senior secured leverage ratio: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Senior Secured Leverage Ratio | | Applicable LIBOR Margin | | Applicable ABR Margin |
| Greater than 3.50 to 1.00 | | 2.50% | | 1.50% |
| Less than or equal to 3.50 to 1.00 but greater than or equal to 2.50 to 1.00 | | 2.25% | | 1.25% |
| Less than 2.50 to 1.00 but greater than or equal to 2.00 to 1.00 | | 2.00% | | 1.00% |
| Less than 2.00 to 1.00 | | 1.75% | | 0.75% |
The Term Loan A Agreement contains covenants that are substantially similar to those in the Senior Secured Credit Agreement.
Senior Secured Second Lien Notes
The 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes mature on June 15, 2025 and interest is payable semiannually on June 15 and December 15 of each year.
The 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes are guaranteed on a senior secured second priority basis by Realogy Intermediate and each domestic subsidiary of Realogy Group, other than certain excluded entities, that is a guarantor under its Senior Secured Credit Facility and Term Loan A Facility and certain of its outstanding debt securities. The 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes are also guaranteed by Realogy Holdings on an unsecured senior subordinated basis. The 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes are secured by substantially the same collateral as Realogy Group's existing first lien obligations under its Senior Secured Credit Facility and Term Loan A Facility on a second priority basis.
The indentures governing the 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes contain various covenants that limit the ability of Realogy Intermediate, Realogy Group and Realogy Group's restricted subsidiaries to take certain actions, which covenants are subject to a number of important exceptions and qualifications. These covenants are substantially similar to the covenants in the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes due 2027, as described under Unsecured Notes below.
Unsecured Notes
The 4.875% Senior Notes, 9.375% Senior Notes and 5.75% Senior Notes (collectively the "Unsecured Notes") are unsecured senior obligations of Realogy Group that mature on June 1, 2023, April 1, 2027 and January 15, 2029, respectively. Interest on the Unsecured Notes is payable each year semiannually on June 1 and December 1 for the 4.875% Senior Notes, on April 1 and October 1 for the 9.375% Senior Notes, and on January 15 and July 15 for the 5.75% Senior Notes (commencing on July 15, 2021).
The Unsecured Notes are guaranteed on an unsecured senior basis by each domestic subsidiary of Realogy Group that is a guarantor under the Senior Secured Credit Facility, Term Loan A Facility and Realogy Group's outstanding debt securities and are guaranteed by Realogy Holdings on an unsecured senior subordinated basis.
The indenture governing the 4.875% Senior Notes contains various negative covenants that limit Realogy Group's and its restricted subsidiaries' ability to take certain actions, which covenants are subject to a number of important exceptions and qualifications. These covenants include limitations on Realogy Group's and its restricted subsidiaries’ ability to (a) incur or guarantee additional indebtedness, or issue disqualified stock or preferred stock, (b) pay dividends or make distributions to their stockholders, (c) repurchase or redeem capital stock, (d) make investments or acquisitions, (e) incur restrictions on the ability of certain of their subsidiaries to pay dividends or to make other payments to Realogy Group, (f) enter into transactions with affiliates, (g) create liens, (h) merge or consolidate with other companies or transfer all or substantially all of their assets, (i) transfer or sell assets, including capital stock of subsidiaries and (j) prepay, redeem or repurchase debt that is subordinated in right of payment to the Unsecured Notes.
The covenants in the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes are substantially similar to the covenants in the indentures governing the 4.875% Senior Notes, with certain exceptions, including several changes relating to Realogy Group's ability to make restricted payments, and in particular, its ability to repurchase shares and pay dividends. Specifically, with respect to the 9.375% Senior Notes Indenture, (a) neither the cumulative credit basket (nor any other basket) is available to repurchase shares to the extent the consolidated leverage ratio is equal to or greater than 4.0 to 1.0 on a pro forma basis giving effect to such repurchase; (b) the cumulative credit basket for which restricted payments may
otherwise be available is equal to 50% of Consolidated Net Income (as defined in such indenture) for the period (taken as one accounting period) from January 1, 2019 to the end of the most recently ended fiscal quarter for which internal financial statements are available at the time of any such restricted payment; provided however, that, to the extent the Consolidated Leverage Ratio is equal to or greater than 4.0 to 1.0, then 25% of the Consolidated Net Income for the aforementioned period will be included; (c) the consolidated leverage ratio must be less than 3.0 to 1.0 to use the unlimited general restricted payment basket (which payments will reduce the cumulative credit basket, but not below zero); (d) the $100 million general restricted payment basket may be used only for Restricted Investments (as defined in such indenture); and (e) a restricted payment basket is available for up to $45 million of dividends per calendar year (with any actual dividends deducted from the available cumulative credit basket). The covenants in the indenture governing 5.75% Senior Notes are substantially similar to the covenants in the indentures governing the 4.875% Senior Notes, but also include some of the additional limitations of the 9.375% Senior Notes.
The consolidated leverage ratio is measured by dividing Realogy Group's total net debt by the trailing four quarters EBITDA. EBITDA, as defined in the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes (as well as the other Unsecured Notes and 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes), is substantially similar to EBITDA calculated on a Pro Forma Basis, as those terms are defined in the Senior Secured Credit Agreement. Net debt under the indentures governing the 9.375% Senior Notes, 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes and 5.75% Senior Notes is Realogy Group's total indebtedness (excluding securitizations) less (i) its cash and cash equivalents in excess of restricted cash and (ii) a $200 million seasonality adjustment permitted when measuring the ratio on a date during the period of March 1 to May 31.
Exchangeable Senior Notes
In June 2021, Realogy Group issued an aggregate principal amount of $403 million of 0.25% Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2026. The Company used a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to pay the cost of the exchangeable note hedge transactions described below (with such cost partially offset by the proceeds to the Company from the sale of the warrants pursuant to the warrant transactions described below). The Company expects to use the remaining net proceeds for its working capital and other general corporate purposes.
The Exchangeable Senior Notes are unsecured senior obligations of Realogy Group that mature on June 15, 2026. Interest on the Exchangeable Senior Notes is payable each year semiannually on June 15 and December 15 (commencing on December 15, 2021).
The Exchangeable Senior Notes are guaranteed on an unsecured senior basis by each domestic subsidiary of Realogy Group that is a guarantor under the Senior Secured Credit Facility, Term Loan A Facility and Realogy Group's outstanding debt securities and are guaranteed by Realogy Holdings on an unsecured senior subordinated basis.
Before March 15, 2026, noteholders will have the right to exchange their Exchangeable Senior Notes upon the occurrence of certain events described in the indenture governing the notes. On or after March 15, 2026, noteholders may exchange their Exchangeable Senior Notes at any time at their election until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date of the notes.
Upon exchange, Realogy Group will pay cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the Exchangeable Senior Notes to be exchanged and pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at Realogy Group's election, in respect of the remainder, if any, of its exchange obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the Exchangeable Senior Notes being exchanged.
The initial exchange rate for Exchangeable Senior Notes is 40.8397 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes (which represents an initial exchange price of approximately $24.49 per share of the Company’s common stock). The exchange rate and exchange price of the Exchangeable Senior Notes are subject to customary adjustments upon the occurrence of certain events. In addition, if a “Make-Whole Fundamental Change” (as defined in the indenture governing the Exchangeable Senior Notes) occurs, then the exchange rate of the Exchangeable Senior Notes will, in certain circumstances, be increased for a specified period of time. Initially, a maximum of approximately 23,013,139 shares of the Company’s common stock may be issued upon the exchange of the Exchangeable Senior Notes, based on the initial maximum exchange rate of 57.1755 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes, which is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustment provisions.
The Exchangeable Senior Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part (subject to a partial redemption limitation described in the indenture governing the notes), at Realogy Group's option at any time, and from time to time, on or after June 20, 2024 and on or before the 30th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, at a cash redemption
price equal to the principal amount of the Exchangeable Senior Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date, but only if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the exchange price on (1) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date it sends the related redemption notice; and (2) the trading day immediately before the date it sends such notice. In addition, calling any Exchangeable Senior Notes for redemption will constitute a Make-Whole Fundamental Change with respect to that note, in which case the exchange rate applicable to the exchange of that note will be increased in certain circumstances if it is exchanged with an exchange date occurring during the period from, and including, the date Realogy Group sends the redemption notice to, and including, the second business day immediately before the related redemption date.
If certain corporate events that constitute a “Fundamental Change” (as defined in the indenture governing the Exchangeable Senior Notes) of the Company occur, then noteholders may require Realogy Group to repurchase their Exchangeable Senior Notes at a cash repurchase price equal to the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. The definition of Fundamental Change includes, among other things, certain business combination transactions involving the Company and certain de-listing events with respect to the Company’s common stock.
The indenture governing the Exchangeable Senior Notes also provides for events of default which, if any of them occurs, would permit or require the principal of and accrued interest on the Exchangeable Senior Notes to become or to be declared due and payable.
Exchangeable debt instruments that may be settled in cash are required to be separated into liability and equity components. The allocation to the liability component is based on the fair value of a similar instrument that does not contain an equity conversion option. Based on this debt to equity ratio, debt issuance costs are then allocated to the liability and equity components in a similar manner. Accordingly, at issuance on June 2, 2021, the Company allocated $319 million to the debt liability and $53 million to additional paid in capital.
The difference between the principal amount of the Exchangeable Senior Notes and the liability component, inclusive of issuance costs, represents the debt discount, which the Company will amortize to interest expense over the term of the Exchangeable Senior Notes using an effective interest rate of 4.375%.The Company recognized non-cash interest expense of $1 million, related to the Exchangeable Senior Notes in the second quarter of 2021.
The Exchangeable Senior Notes consisted of the following components as of June 30, 2021:
| | | | | |
| June 30, 2021 |
| Liability component: | |
| Principal | $ | 403 | |
| Less: debt discount and issuance costs, net of amortization | 83 |
| Net carrying amount | $ | 320 | |
| |
Equity component: (*) | $ | 53 | |
_______________
(*) Included in additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheets.
Exchangeable Note Hedge and Warrant Transactions
In connection with the pricing of the Exchangeable Senior Notes (and with the exercise by the initial purchasers of the notes to purchase additional notes), Realogy Group entered into exchangeable note hedge transactions with certain counterparties (the "Option Counterparties"). The exchangeable note hedge transactions cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the Exchangeable Senior Notes, the number of shares of the Company’s common stock underlying the Notes. The total cost of such exchangeable note hedge transactions was $67 million.
Concurrently with Realogy Group entering into the exchangeable note hedge transactions, the Company entered into warrant transactions with the Option Counterparties whereby the Company sold to the Option Counterparties warrants to purchase, subject to customary adjustments, up to the same number of shares of the Company’s common stock. The initial strike price of the warrant transactions is $30.6075 per share. The Company received $46 million in cash proceeds from the sale of these warrant transactions.
Taken together, the purchase of such exchangeable note hedges and the sale of such warrants are intended to offset (in whole or in part) any potential dilution and/or cash payments upon the exchange of the Exchangeable Senior Notes, and to effectively increase the overall exchange price from $24.49 to $30.6075 per share.
At issuance, the Company recorded a deferred tax liability of $20 million related to the Exchangeable Senior Notes debt discount and a deferred tax asset of $18 million related to the exchangeable note hedge transactions. The deferred tax liability and deferred tax asset are recorded net within deferred income taxes in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets.
Securitization Obligations
Securitization Obligations in the table above are further broken out as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 |
| Securitization Obligations: | | | |
| Apple Ridge Funding LLC | $ | 106 | | | $ | 195 | |
| Cartus Financing Limited | 7 | | | 11 | |
| Total Securitization Obligations | $ | 113 | | | $ | 206 | |
Realogy Group has secured obligations through Apple Ridge Funding LLC under a securitization program. Inprogram which expires in June 2020, Realogy Group extended the existing Apple Ridge Funding LLC securitization program until August 2020 and reduced the maximum borrowing capacity from $250 million to $200 million.2022. As of June 30, 2020,2021, the Company had $200 million of borrowing capacity under the Apple Ridge Funding LLC securitization program with $106$145 million being utilized, leaving $94$55 million of available capacity subject to maintaining sufficient relocation related assets to collateralize the securitization obligation. In August 2020, the facility was further extended to June 2021.
Realogy Group, through a special purpose entity known as Cartus Financing Limited, has agreements providing for a £10 million revolving loan facility and a £5 million working capital facility which expires onin August 31, 2020.2021. As of June 30, 2020,2021, there were $7$2 million of outstanding borrowings under the facilities leaving $12$19 million of available capacity subject to maintaining sufficient relocation related assets to collateralize the securitization obligation. These Cartus Financing Limited facilities are secured by the relocation assets of a U.K. government contract in this special purpose entity and are therefore classified as permitted securitization financings as defined in Realogy Group’s Senior Secured Credit Agreement and the indentures governing the Unsecured Notes and 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes.
The Apple Ridge entities and the Cartus Financing Limited entity are consolidated special purpose entities that are utilized to securitize relocation receivables and related assets. These assets are generated from advancing funds on behalf of clients of Realogy Group’s relocation businessoperations in order to facilitate the relocation of their employees. Assets of these special purpose entities are not available to pay Realogy Group’s general obligations. Under the Apple Ridge program, provided no termination or amortization event has occurred, any new receivables generated under the designated relocation management agreements are sold into the securitization program and as new eligible relocation management agreements are entered into, the new agreements are designated to the program.
The Apple Ridge program has restrictive covenants and trigger events, including performance triggers linked to the age and quality of the underlying assets, foreign obligor limits, multicurrency limits, financial reporting requirements, restrictions on mergers and change of control, any uncured breach of Realogy Group’s senior secured leverage ratio under Realogy Group’s Senior Secured Credit Facility, and cross-defaults to Realogy Group’s material indebtedness. The occurrence of a trigger event under the Apple Ridge securitization facility could restrict our ability to access new or existing funding under this facility or result in termination of the facility, either of which would adversely affect the operation of Cartus Relocation Services and the Company.Company's relocation services.
Certain of the funds that Realogy Group receivedreceives from relocation receivables and related assets are required to be utilized to repay securitization obligations. These obligations are collateralized by $182$201 million and $200$135 million of underlying relocation receivables and other related relocation assets at June 30, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively. Substantially all relocation related assets are realized in less than twelve months from the transaction date. Accordingly, all of Realogy Group's securitization obligations are classified as current in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Interest incurred in connection with borrowings under these facilities amounted to $1 million and $2 million for both the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively,as well as $2 million and $3 million and $4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively. This interest is recorded within net revenues in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as related borrowings are utilized to fund Realogy Group's relocation operations where interest is generally earned on such assets. These securitization obligations represent floating rate debt for which the average weighted interest rate was 3.8%3.6% and 4.4%3.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
3. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Impairment of Goodwill and Other Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition costs over the fair value of the net tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Other indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of trademarks acquired in business combinations. Goodwill and other indefinite-lived assets are not amortized, but are subject to impairment testing. The aggregate carrying values of our goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are subject to an impairment assessment annually as of October 1, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be fully recoverable. This assessment compares carrying values of the goodwill reporting units and other indefinite lived intangible assets to their respective fair values and, when appropriate, the carrying value is reduced to fair value.
In testing goodwill, the fair value of each reporting unit is estimated using the income approach, a discounted cash flow approach. For the other indefinite lived intangible assets, fair value is estimated using the relief from royalty method. Management utilizes long-term cash flow forecasts and the Company's annual operating plans adjusted for terminal value assumptions. The fair value of the Company's reporting units and other indefinite lived intangible assets are determined utilizing the best estimate of future revenues, operating expenses including commission expense, market and general economic conditions, trends in the industry, as well as assumptions that management believes marketplace participants would utilize including discount rates, cost of capital, trademark royalty rates, and long-term growth rates. The trademark royalty rate was determined by reviewing similar trademark agreements with third parties. Although management believes that assumptions are reasonable, actual results may vary significantly.
During the first quarter of 2020, the Company determined that the impact on future earnings related to the COVID-19 pandemic qualified as a triggering event for all of our reporting units and accordingly, the Company performed an impairment assessment of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets as of March 31, 2020. This assessment resulted in the recognition of an impairment of Realogy Franchise Group trademarks of $30 million and a goodwill impairment of $413 million for Realogy Brokerage Group offset by an income tax benefit of $99 million resulting in a net reduction to Realogy Brokerage Group's carrying value of $314 million. The primary drivers to the impairments were a significant increase in the weighted average cost of capital due to the volatility in the capital and debt markets due to COVID-19 and the related lower projected financial results for 2020. The impairment charges are recorded on a separate line in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and are non-cash in nature.
These impairment assessments involve the use of accounting estimates and assumptions, changes in which could materially impact our financial condition or operating performance if actual results differ from such estimates and assumptions. To address this uncertainty, a sensitivity analysis is performed on key estimates and assumptions. Under the income approach, management used key valuation assumptions in determining the fair value estimates of the Company's reporting units including a discount rate based on the Company's best estimate of the weighted average cost of capital and a long-term growth rate based on the Company's best estimate of terminal growth rates.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic which caused volatility in the capital and debt markets, there was a significant increase in the weighted average cost of capital used to discount the future cash flows in the impairment assessment model. The following table provides a comparison of key assumptions used in the Company's impairment assessment performed in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the prior assessment performed in the fourth quarter of 2019:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Discount Rate | | | | Long-term Growth Rates | | |
| | First Quarter 2020 | | Fourth Quarter 2019 | | First Quarter 2020 | | Fourth Quarter 2019 |
| Realogy Franchise Group | | 10.0% | | 8.5% | | 2.5% | | 2.5% |
| Realogy Brokerage Group | | 11.0% | | 9.0% | | 2.0% | | 2.0% |
| Realogy Title Group | | 11.0% | | 9.5% | | 2.5% | | 2.5% |
Given the increase in the discount rate and lower projected 2020 financial results in this impairment analysis, the estimated excess fair value over carrying value for Realogy Franchise Group and Realogy Title Group was reduced to 7% and 5%, respectively. While management believes the assumptions used in the impairment test are reasonable, a 100 basis point increase in the discount rate, holding other assumptions constant, would result in an impairment of goodwill at Realogy Franchise Group and Realogy Title Group.
There is a significant amount of future uncertainty related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, significant negative industry or economic trends, disruptions to the business, unexpected significant changes or planned changes in use of the assets, a decrease in business results, growth rates that fall below management's assumptions, divestitures, and a sustained decline in the Company's stock price and market capitalization may have a negative effect on the fair values and key valuation assumptions, and such changes could result in changes to management's estimates of fair value and a material impairment of goodwill or other indefinite-lived intangible assets.
Goodwill
Goodwill by reporting unit and changes in the carrying amount are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Realogy Franchise Group | | Realogy Brokerage Group | | Realogy
Title
Group | | Total
Company |
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 2,476 | | | $ | 669 | | | $ | 155 | | | $ | 3,300 | |
| Goodwill acquired | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Impairment loss | — | | | (413) | | | — | | | (413) | |
| Balance at June 30, 2020 | $ | 2,476 | | | $ | 256 | | | $ | 155 | | | $ | 2,887 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Accumulated impairment losses (a) | $ | 1,160 | | | $ | 808 | | | $ | 324 | | | $ | 2,292 | |
_______________
(a)Includes impairment charges which reduced goodwill by $413 million, $237 million, $1,153 million and $489 million during the first quarter of 2020, third quarter of 2019, fourth quarter of 2008 and fourth quarter of 2007, respectively.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of June 30, 2020 | | | | | | As of December 31, 2019 | | | | |
| | Gross
Carrying
Amount | | Accumulated
Amortization | | Net
Carrying
Amount | | Gross
Carrying
Amount | | Accumulated
Amortization | | Net
Carrying
Amount |
| Amortizable—Franchise agreements (a) | $ | 2,019 | | | $ | 893 | | | $ | 1,126 | | | $ | 2,019 | | | $ | 859 | | | $ | 1,160 | |
| Indefinite life—Trademarks (b) (c) | $ | 643 | | | | | $ | 643 | | | $ | 673 | | | | | $ | 673 | |
| Other Intangibles | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Amortizable—License agreements (d) | $ | 45 | | | $ | 12 | | | $ | 33 | | | $ | 45 | | | $ | 12 | | | $ | 33 | |
| Amortizable—Customer relationships (e) | 71 | | | 58 | | | 13 | | | 71 | | | 57 | | | 14 | |
| Indefinite life—Title plant shares (f) | 19 | | | | | 19 | | | 19 | | | | | 19 | |
| Amortizable—Other (g) | 23 | | | 18 | | | 5 | | | 27 | | | 21 | | | 6 | |
| Total Other Intangibles | $ | 158 | | | $ | 88 | | | $ | 70 | | | $ | 162 | | | $ | 90 | | | $ | 72 | |
_______________
(a)Generally amortized over a period of 30 years.
(b)Primarily related to real estate franchise brands which are expected to generate future cash flows for an indefinite period of time.
(c)Realogy Franchise Group trademarks was impaired by $30 million during the first quarter of 2020.
(d)Relates to the Sotheby’s International Realty® and Better Homes and Gardens® Real Estate agreements which are being amortized over 50 years (the contractual term of the license agreements).
(e)Relates to the customer relationships at Realogy Title Group and Realogy Brokerage Group. These relationships are being amortized over a period of 2 to 12 years.
(f)Ownership in a title plant is required to transact title insurance in certain states. The Company expects to generate future cash flows for an indefinite period of time.
(g)Consists of covenants not to compete which are amortized over their contract lives and other intangibles which are generally amortized over periods ranging from 5 to 10 years.
Intangible asset amortization expense is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended
June 30, | | | | Six Months Ended
June 30, | | |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Franchise agreements | $ | 17 | | | $ | 17 | | | $ | 34 | | | $ | 34 | |
| License agreements | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Customer relationships | — | | | 1 | | | 1 | | | 2 | |
| Other | 1 | | | 1 | | | 2 | | | 2 | |
| Total | $ | 18 | | | $ | 19 | | | $ | 37 | | | $ | 38 | |
Based on the Company’s amortizable intangible assets as of June 30, 2020, the Company expects related amortization expense for the remainder of 2020, the 4 succeeding years and thereafter to be approximately $37 million, $72 million, $70 million, $70 million, $70 million and $858 million, respectively.
4. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 |
| Accrued payroll and related employee costs | $ | 93 | | | $ | 103 | |
| Accrued volume incentives | 20 | | | 35 | |
| Accrued commissions | 48 | | | 32 | |
| Restructuring accruals | 8 | | | 11 | |
| Deferred income | 34 | | | 43 | |
| Accrued interest | 21 | | | 18 | |
| Current portion of finance lease liabilities | 13 | | | 13 | |
| Due to former parent | 19 | | | 18 | |
| Other | 76 | | | 77 | |
| Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | 332 | | | $ | 350 | |
5. SHORT AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Total indebtedness is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 |
| Senior Secured Credit Facility: | | | |
| Revolving Credit Facility | $ | 815 | | | $ | 190 | |
| Term Loan B | 1,041 | | | 1,045 | |
| Term Loan A Facility: | | | |
| Term Loan A | 700 | | | 714 | |
| 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes | 539 | | | — | |
| 5.25% Senior Notes | — | | | 548 | |
| 4.875% Senior Notes | 405 | | | 405 | |
| 9.375% Senior Notes | 543 | | | 543 | |
| Total Short-Term & Long-Term Debt | $ | 4,043 | | | $ | 3,445 | |
Indebtedness Table
As of June 30, 2020, the Company’s borrowing arrangements were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest
Rate | | Expiration
Date | | Principal Amount | | Unamortized Discount and Debt Issuance Costs | | Net Amount |
| Senior Secured Credit Facility: | | | | | | | | | |
| Revolving Credit Facility (1) | (2) | | February 2023 | | $ | 815 | | | $ * | | $ | 815 | |
| Term Loan B | (3) | | February 2025 | | 1,053 | | | 12 | | | 1,041 | |
| Term Loan A Facility: | | | | | | | | | |
| Term Loan A | (4) | | February 2023 | | 703 | | | 3 | | | 700 | |
| Senior Secured Second Lien Notes | 7.625% | | June 2025 | | 550 | | | 11 | | | 539 | |
| Senior Notes | 4.875% | | June 2023 | | 407 | | | 2 | | | 405 | |
| Senior Notes | 9.375% | | April 2027 | | 550 | | | 7 | | | 543 | |
| Total | | | | | $ | 4,078 | | | $ | 35 | | | $ | 4,043 | |
_______________
* The debt issuance costs related to our Revolving Credit Facility are classified as a deferred financing asset within other assets.
(1)In response to the rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic, the Company borrowed an additional $400 million under the Revolving Credit Facility in March 2020 as a proactive measure intended to increase liquidity to support our operations and supplement available cash on hand. As of June 30, 2020, the $1,425 million Revolving Credit Facility had outstanding borrowings of $815 million, as well as $40 million of outstanding undrawn letters of credit. The Revolving Credit Facility expires in February 2023 but is classified on the balance sheet as current due to the revolving nature and terms and conditions of the facility. On August 3, 2020, the Company had $815 million in outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and $40 million of outstanding undrawn letters of credit.
(2)Interest rates with respect to revolving loans under the Senior Secured Credit Facility at June 30, 2020 were based on, at the Company's option, (a) adjusted London Interbank Offering Rate ("LIBOR") plus an additional margin or (b) JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.'s prime rate ("ABR") plus an additional margin, in each case subject to adjustment based on the then current senior secured leverage ratio. Based on the previous quarter's senior secured leverage ratio, the LIBOR margin was 2.25% and the ABR margin was 1.25% for the three months ended June 30, 2020.
(3)The Term Loan B provides for quarterly amortization payments totaling 1% per annum of the original principal amount. The interest rate with respect to term loans under the Term Loan B is based on, at the Company’s option, (a) adjusted LIBOR plus 2.25% (with a LIBOR floor of 0.75%) or (b) ABR plus 1.25% (with an ABR floor of 1.75%).
(4)The Term Loan A provides for quarterly amortization payments, based on a percentage of the original principal amount of the Term Loan A, as follows: 0.625% per quarter from June 30, 2018 to March 31, 2020; 1.25% per quarter from June 30, 2020 to March 31, 2021; 1.875% per quarter from June 30, 2021 to March 31, 2022; and 2.50% per quarter for periods ending on or after June 30, 2022, with the balance of the Term Loan A due at maturity on February 8, 2023. The interest rates with respect to the Term Loan A are based on, at the Company's option, (a) adjusted LIBOR plus an additional margin or (b) ABR plus an additional margin, in each
case subject to adjustment based on the then current senior secured leverage ratio. Based on the previous quarter's senior secured leverage ratio, the LIBOR margin was 2.25% and the ABR margin was 1.25% for the three months ended June 30, 2020.
Maturities Table
As of June 30, 2020, the combined aggregate amount of maturities for long-term borrowings for the remainder of 2020 and each of the next four years is as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| Year | | Amount |
| Remaining 2020 (a) | | $ | 839 | |
| 2021 | | 62 | |
| 2022 | | 81 | |
| 2023 | | 981 | |
| 2024 | | 11 | |
_______________
(a)Remaining 2020 includes amortization payments totaling $19 million and $5 million for the Term Loan A and Term Loan B facilities, respectively, as well as $815 million of revolver borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility which expires in February 2023 but is classified on the balance sheet as current due to the revolving nature and terms and conditions of the facility. The current portion of long-term debt of $868 million shown on the condensed consolidated balance sheet consists of four quarters of amortization payments totaling $42 million and $11 million for the Term Loan A and Term Loan B facilities, respectively, and $815 million of revolver borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility.
Senior Secured Credit Agreement and Term Loan A Agreement
The Company’s Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of March 5, 2013, as amended, amended and restated, modified or supplemented from time to time (the “Senior Secured Credit Agreement”) governs the Company's senior secured credit facility (the “Senior Secured Credit Facility”, which includes the “Revolving Credit Facility” and the “Term Loan B”) and the Term Loan A Agreement dated as of October 23, 2015, as amended from time to time (the “Term Loan A Agreement”) governs the senior secured term loan A credit facility (the “Term Loan A Facility”).
Senior Secured Credit Facility
The Senior Secured Credit Facility includes:
(a)the Term Loan B issued in the original aggregate principal amount of $1,080 million with a maturity date of February 2025. The Term Loan B has quarterly amortization payments totaling 1% per annum of the initial aggregate principal amount. The interest rate with respect to term loans under the Term Loan B is based on, at Realogy Group's option, adjusted LIBOR plus 2.25% (with a LIBOR floor of 0.75%) or ABR plus 1.25% (with an ABR floor of 1.75%); and
(b)a $1,425 million Revolving Credit Facility with a maturity date of February 2023, which includes a $125 million letter of credit subfacility. The interest rate with respect to revolving loans under the Revolving Credit Facility is based on, at Realogy Group's option, adjusted LIBOR or ABR plus an additional margin subject to the following adjustments based on the Company’s then current senior secured leverage ratio:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Senior Secured Leverage Ratio | | Applicable LIBOR Margin | | Applicable ABR Margin |
| Greater than 3.50 to 1.00 | | 2.50% | | 1.50% |
| Less than or equal to 3.50 to 1.00 but greater than or equal to 2.50 to 1.00 | | 2.25% | | 1.25% |
| Less than 2.50 to 1.00 but greater than or equal to 2.00 to 1.00 | | 2.00% | | 1.00% |
| Less than 2.00 to 1.00 | | 1.75% | | 0.75% |
The obligations under the Senior Secured Credit Agreement are secured to the extent legally permissible by substantially all of the assets of Realogy Group, Realogy Intermediate and all of their domestic subsidiaries, other than certain excluded subsidiaries.
Realogy Group’s Senior Secured Credit Agreement contains financial, affirmative and negative covenants and requires Realogy Group to maintain (so long as the Revolving Credit Facility is outstanding) a senior secured leverage ratio. As of June 30, 2020, Realogy Group was required to maintain a senior secured leverage ratio not to exceed 4.75 to 1.00. The leverage ratio is tested quarterly regardless of the amount of borrowings outstanding and letters of credit issued under the
Revolving Credit Facility at the testing date. Total senior secured net debt does not include the securitization obligations, 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes, or our unsecured indebtedness, including the Unsecured Notes. At June 30, 2020, Realogy Group was in compliance with the senior secured leverage ratio covenant with a senior secured leverage ratio of 3.29 to 1.00 at June 30, 2020. For the calculation of the senior secured leverage ratio for the second quarter of 2020, see Part I., Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Senior Secured Leverage Ratio applicable to our Senior Secured Credit Facility and Term Loan A Facility.
On July 24, 2020, Realogy Group entered into amendments to the Senior Secured Credit Agreement and Term Loan A Agreement (referred to collectively herein as the “Amendments”), pursuant to which the senior secured leverage ratio has been eased and certain other covenants have been tightened. For additional information see Note 11, "Subsequent Events", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Term Loan A Facility
The Term Loan A of $750 million due February 2023 provides for quarterly amortization based on a percentage of the original principal amount of the Term Loan A, as follows: 0.625% per quarter from June 30, 2018 to March 31, 2020; 1.25% per quarter from June 30, 2020 to March 31, 2021; 1.875% per quarter from June 30, 2021 to March 31, 2022; and 2.50% per quarter for periods ending on or after June 30, 2022, with the balance of the Term Loan A due at maturity on February 8, 2023. The interest rates with respect to the Term Loan A are based on, at the Company's option, adjusted LIBOR or ABR plus an additional margin subject to the following adjustments based on the Company’s then current senior secured leverage ratio:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Senior Secured Leverage Ratio | | Applicable LIBOR Margin | | Applicable ABR Margin |
| Greater than 3.50 to 1.00 | | 2.50% | | 1.50% |
| Less than or equal to 3.50 to 1.00 but greater than or equal to 2.50 to 1.00 | | 2.25% | | 1.25% |
| Less than 2.50 to 1.00 but greater than or equal to 2.00 to 1.00 | | 2.00% | | 1.00% |
| Less than 2.00 to 1.00 | | 1.75% | | 0.75% |
The Term Loan A Agreement contains covenants that are substantially similar to those in the Senior Secured Credit Agreement. The Amendment to the Term Loan A Agreement, effective July 24, 2020, contains provisions substantially similar to those contained in the Amendment to the Senior Secured Credit Agreement. For additional information see Note 11, "Subsequent Events", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Senior Secured Second Lien Notes
In June 2020, Realogy Group issued $550 million 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes. The 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes mature on June 15, 2025 and interest is payable semiannually on June 15 and December 15 of each year, commencing December 15, 2020.
The 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes are guaranteed on a senior secured second priority basis by Realogy Intermediate and each domestic subsidiary of Realogy Group, other than certain excluded entities, that is a guarantor under its Senior Secured Credit Facility and Term Loan A Facility and certain of its outstanding debt securities. The 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes are also guaranteed by Realogy Holdings on an unsecured senior subordinated basis. The 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes are secured by substantially the same collateral as Realogy Group's existing first lien obligations under its Senior Secured Credit Facility and Term Loan A Facility on a second priority basis.
The indentures governing the 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes contain various covenants that limit the ability of Realogy Intermediate, Realogy Group and Realogy Group’s restricted subsidiaries to take certain actions, which covenants are subject to a number of important exceptions and qualifications. These covenants are substantially similar to the covenants in the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes due 2027, as described under Unsecured Notes below.
Unsecured Notes
In June 2020, the Company used the entire net proceeds from the $550 million 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes, together with cash on hand, to fund the redemption of all of the outstanding 5.25% Senior Notes due 2021 and to pay related interest, premium, fees, and expenses.
The 4.875% Senior Notes and the 9.375% Senior Notes (collectively the "Unsecured Notes") are unsecured senior obligations of Realogy Group that mature on June 1, 2023 and April 1, 2027,2020, respectively. Interest on the Unsecured Notes
is payable each year semiannually on June 1 and December 1 for the 4.875% Senior Notes, and on April 1 and October 1 for the 9.375% Senior Notes.
The Unsecured Notes are guaranteed on an unsecured senior basis by each domestic subsidiary of Realogy Group that is a guarantor under the Senior Secured Credit Facility, Term Loan A Facility and Realogy Group's outstanding debt securities and are guaranteed by Realogy Holdings on an unsecured senior subordinated basis.
The indentures governing the Unsecured Notes contain various negative covenants that limit Realogy Group's and its restricted subsidiaries’ ability to take certain actions, which covenants are subject to a number of important exceptions and qualifications. These covenants include limitations on Realogy Group's and its restricted subsidiaries’ ability to (a) incur or guarantee additional indebtedness, or issue disqualified stock or preferred stock, (b) pay dividends or make distributions to their stockholders, (c) repurchase or redeem capital stock, (d) make investments or acquisitions, (e) incur restrictions on the ability of certain of their subsidiaries to pay dividends or to make other payments to Realogy Group, (f) enter into transactions with affiliates, (g) create liens, (h) merge or consolidate with other companies or transfer all or substantially all of their assets, (i) transfer or sell assets, including capital stock of subsidiaries and (j) prepay, redeem or repurchase debt that is subordinated in right of payment to the Unsecured Notes.
The covenants in the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes are substantially similar to the covenants in the indentures governing the other Unsecured Notes, with certain exceptions, including several changes relating to Realogy Group’s ability to make restricted payments, and in particular, its ability to repurchase shares and pay dividends. Specifically, (a) the cumulative credit basket for restricted payments (i) was reset to 0 and builds from January 1, 2019, (ii) builds at 25% of Consolidated Net Income (as defined in the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes) when the consolidated leverage ratio (as defined below) is equal to or greater than 4.0 to 1.0 (and 50% of Consolidated Net Income when it is less than 4.0 to 1.0) and, consistent with the indentures governing the other Unsecured Notes, is reduced by 100% of the deficit when Consolidated Net Income is a deficit and (iii) may not be used when the consolidated leverage ratio is equal to or greater than 4.0 to 1.0; (b) the $100 million general restricted payment basket may be used only for Restricted Investments (as defined in the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes); (c) the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes requires the consolidated leverage ratio to be less than 3.0 to 1.0 to use the unlimited general restricted payment basket (which payments will reduce the cumulative credit basket, but not below zero); and (d) the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes contains a new restricted payment basket that may be used for up to $45 million of dividends per calendar year.
The consolidated leverage ratio is measured by dividing Realogy Group's total net debt by the trailing four quarters EBITDA. EBITDA, as defined in the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes, is substantially similar to EBITDA calculated on a Pro Forma Basis, as those terms are defined in the Senior Secured Credit Agreement. Net debt under the indenture is Realogy Group's total indebtedness less (i) its cash and cash equivalents in excess of restricted cash and (ii) a $200 million seasonality adjustment permitted when measuring the ratio on a date during the period of March 1 to May 31.
Loss on the Early Extinguishment of Debt and Write-Off of Financing Costs
As a result of the refinancing transactions in January and February 2021 and pay down of $150 million of outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan B Facility in April 2021, the Company recorded losses on the early extinguishment of debt of $18 million and wrote off certain financing costs of $1 million to interest expense during the six months ended June 30, 2021.
During the six months ended June 30, 2020 the Company recorded a loss on the early extinguishment of debt of $8 million as a result of the issuance of $550 million of 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes due 2025 and the redemption of $550 million of 5.25% Senior Notes due 2021refinancing transactions in June 2020.
As a result of the refinancing transaction in February 2019, the Company recorded a loss on the early extinguishment of debt of $5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019.
6.5. RESTRUCTURING COSTS
Restructuring charges were $14$5 million and $25$10 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020,2021, respectively, and $9$18 million and $18$30 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019,2020, respectively. The components of the restructuring charges for the three and six months ended June 30, 20202021 and 20192020 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | |
| 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Personnel-related costs (1) | $ | 4 | | | $ | 5 | | | $ | 7 | | | $ | 13 | |
| Facility-related costs (2) | 10 | | | 4 | | | 18 | | | 5 | |
| Total restructuring charges (3) | $ | 14 | | | $ | 9 | | | $ | 25 | | | $ | 18 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | Six Months Ended June 30, |
| 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Personnel-related costs (1) | $ | 2 | | | $ | 5 | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 8 | |
| Facility-related costs (2) | 3 | | | 13 | | | 6 | | | 22 | |
| Total restructuring charges | $ | 5 | | | $ | 18 | | | $ | 10 | | | $ | 30 | |
_______________
(1)Personnel-related costs consist of severance costs provided to employees who have been terminated and duplicate payroll costs during transition.
(2)Facility-related costs consist of costs associated with planned facility closures such as contract termination costs, amortization of lease assets that will continue to be incurred under the contract for its remaining term without economic benefit to the Company, accelerated depreciation on asset disposals and other facility and employee relocation related costs.
(3)Restructuring charges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 include $12 million and $23 million, respectively, related to the Facility and Operational Efficiencies Program and $2 million related to the Leadership Realignment and Other Restructuring Activities Program. Restructuring charges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 include $9 million and $15 million, respectively, related to the Facility and Operational Efficiencies Program and 0 and $3 million, respectively, related to the Leadership Realignment and Other Restructuring Activities Program.
Facility and Operational Efficiencies Program
Beginning in the first quarter of 2019, the Company commenced the implementation of a plan to accelerate its office consolidation to reduce storefront costs, as well as institute other operational efficiencies to drive profitability. In addition, the Company commenced a plan to transform and centralize certain aspects of the operational support and drive changes in how it serves its affiliated independent sales agents from a marketing and technology perspective to help such agents be more productive and enable them to make their businesses more profitable. In the third quarter of 2019, the Company reduced headcount in connection with the wind-down of a former affinity real estate benefit program. In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company expanded its operational efficiencies program to focus on workforce optimization. This workforce optimization initiative iswas focused on consolidating similar or overlapping roles, reducing the number of hierarchical layers and streamlining work and decision making. Furthermore, at the end of 2019, the Company expanded these strategic initiatives which are expected to resulthave resulted in additional operational and facility related efficiencies in 2020.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company transitioned substantially all of its employees to a remote-work environment in mid-March 2020 and has worked to comply with state and local regulators to ensure safe working conditions. Many of the Company's employees continued to work remotely on a full-time or hybrid basis. This transition to remote work has allowed the Company to reevaluate its office space needs. As a result, additional facility and operational efficiencies were identified and implemented in the second half of 2020 and additional facility initiatives are expected in 2021.
The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending reserve balances related to the Facility and Operational Efficiencies Program:
| | | Personnel-related costs | | Facility-related costs | | Total | | Personnel-related costs | | Facility-related costs | | Total |
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 6 | | | $ | 5 | | | $ | 11 | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2020 | | Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | 5 | | | $ | 22 | | | $ | 27 | |
| Restructuring charges (1) | Restructuring charges (1) | 7 | | | 16 | | | 23 | | Restructuring charges (1) | 4 | | | 6 | | | 10 | |
| Costs paid or otherwise settled | Costs paid or otherwise settled | (10) | | | (12) | | | (22) | | Costs paid or otherwise settled | (6) | | | (9) | | | (15) | |
| Balance at June 30, 2020 | $ | 3 | | | $ | 9 | | | $ | 12 | | |
| Balance at June 30, 2021 | | Balance at June 30, 2021 | $ | 3 | | | $ | 19 | | | $ | 22 | |
_______________
(1)In addition, the Company incurred an additional $11$1 million of facility-related costs for lease asset impairments in connection with the Facility and Operational Efficiencies Program during the six months ended June 30, 2020.2021.
The following table shows the total costs currently expected to be incurred by type of cost related to the Facility and Operational Efficiencies Program:
| | | Total amount expected to be incurred | | Amount incurred
to date | | Total amount remaining to be incurred | | Total amount expected to be incurred (1) | | Amount incurred
to date | | Total amount remaining to be incurred (1) |
| Personnel-related costs | Personnel-related costs | $ | 30 | | | $ | 28 | | | $ | 2 | | Personnel-related costs | $ | 57 | | | $ | 54 | | | $ | 3 | |
Facility-related costs (1) | Facility-related costs (1) | 50 | | | 32 | | | 18 | | Facility-related costs (1) | 108 | | | 67 | | | 41 | |
| Other restructuring costs | Other restructuring costs | 1 | | | 1 | | | — | | Other restructuring costs | 1 | | | 1 | | | 0 | |
| Total | Total | $ | 81 | | | $ | 61 | | | $ | 20 | | Total | $ | 166 | | | $ | 122 | | | $ | 44 | |
_______________
(1)Facility-related costs includesinclude potential lease asset impairments expected to be incurred under the Facility and Operational Efficiencies Program.
The following table shows the total costs currently expected to be incurred by reportable segment related to the Facility and Operational Efficiencies Program:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total amount expected to be incurred | | Amount incurred
to date | | Total amount remaining to be incurred |
| Realogy Franchise Group | $ | 5 | | | $ | 5 | | | $ | — | |
| Realogy Brokerage Group | 62 | | | 44 | | | 18 | |
| Realogy Title Group | 5 | | | 5 | | | — | |
| Corporate and Other | 9 | | | 7 | | | 2 | |
| Total | $ | 81 | | | $ | 61 | | | $ | 20 | |
Leadership Realignment and Other Restructuring Activities
Beginning in the first quarter of 2018, the Company commenced the implementation of a plan to drive its business forward and enhance stockholder value. The key aspects of this plan included senior leadership realignment, an enhanced focus on technology and talent, as well as further attention to office footprint and other operational efficiencies. The activities undertaken in connection with the restructuring plan are complete. At December 31, 2019, the remaining liability was $5 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company incurred facility-related costs of $2 million and paid or settled costs of $4 million resulting in a remaining accrual of $3 million. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total amount expected to be incurred | | Amount incurred
to date | | Total amount remaining to be incurred |
| Realogy Franchise Group | $ | 32 | | | $ | 31 | | | $ | 1 | |
| Realogy Brokerage Group | 82 | | | 64 | | | 18 | |
| Realogy Title Group | 6 | | | 6 | | | 0 | |
| Corporate and Other | 46 | | | 21 | | | 25 | |
| Total | $ | 166 | | | $ | 122 | | | $ | 44 | |
7.6. EQUITY
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for Realogy Holdings
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common Stock | | | | Additional Paid-In Capital | | Accumulated Deficit | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | | Non- controlling Interests | | Total Equity |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Shares | | Amount | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance at March 31, 2020 | 115.3 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,844 | | | $ | (3,157) | | | $ | (57) | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 1,634 | |
| Net (loss) income | — | | | — | | | — | | | (14) | | | — | | | 1 | | | (13) | |
| Other comprehensive income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | | | — | | | 1 | |
| Stock-based compensation | — | | | — | | | 4 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4 | |
| Issuance of shares for vesting of equity awards | 0.1 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Shares withheld for taxes on equity awards | — | | | — | | | (1) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1) | |
| Balance at June 30, 2020 | 115.4 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,847 | | | $ | (3,171) | | | $ | (56) | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 1,625 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common Stock | | | | Additional Paid-In Capital | | Accumulated Deficit | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | | Non- controlling Interests | | Total Equity |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Shares | | Amount | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance at March 31, 2019 | 114.2 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,841 | | | $ | (2,606) | | | $ | (50) | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 2,189 | |
| Net Income | — | | | — | | | — | | | 69 | | | — | | | 1 | | | 70 | |
| Other comprehensive loss | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1) | | | — | | | (1) | |
| Stock-based compensation | — | | | — | | | 7 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 7 | |
| Issuance of shares for vesting of equity awards | 0.1 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Dividends declared ($0.09 per share) | — | | | — | | | (11) | | | — | | | — | | | (1) | | | (12) | |
| Balance at June 30, 2019 | 114.3 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,837 | | | $ | (2,537) | | | $ | (51) | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 2,253 | |
| | | | Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 | | | Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 |
| | | Common Stock | | | Additional
Paid-In
Capital | | Accumulated
Deficit | | Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss | | Non-
controlling
Interests | | Total
Equity | | Common Stock | | Additional
Paid-In
Capital | | Accumulated
Deficit | | Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss | | Non-
controlling
Interests | | Total
Equity |
| Common Stock | | Additional
Paid-In
Capital | | Accumulated
Deficit | | Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss | | Non-
controlling
Interests | | Total
Equity | |
| | | Shares | | Amount | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | 114.4 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,842 | | | $ | (2,695) | | | $ | (56) | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 2,096 | | |
| Net (loss) income | — | | | — | | | — | | | (476) | | | — | | | 1 | | | (475) | | |
| Balance at March 31, 2021 | | Balance at March 31, 2021 | 116.4 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,874 | | | $ | (3,022) | | | $ | (59) | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 1,797 | |
| Net income | | Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | 149 | | | — | | | 2 | | | 151 | |
| Other comprehensive income | | Other comprehensive income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | | | — | | | 1 | |
| Equity component of Exchangeable Senior Notes issuance, net | | Equity component of Exchangeable Senior Notes issuance, net | — | | | — | | | 53 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 53 | |
| Purchase of Exchangeable Senior Notes note hedge transactions | | Purchase of Exchangeable Senior Notes note hedge transactions | — | | | — | | | (67) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (67) | |
| Tax benefit related to purchase of Exchangeable Senior Notes note hedge transactions | | Tax benefit related to purchase of Exchangeable Senior Notes note hedge transactions | — | | | — | | | 18 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 18 | |
| Issuance of Exchangeable Senior Notes warrant transactions | | Issuance of Exchangeable Senior Notes warrant transactions | — | | | — | | | 46 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 46 | |
| Exercise of stock options | | Exercise of stock options | — | | | — | | | 1 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | |
| Stock-based compensation | Stock-based compensation | — | | | — | | | 10 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 10 | | Stock-based compensation | — | | | — | | | 8 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 8 | |
| Issuance of shares for vesting of equity awards | Issuance of shares for vesting of equity awards | 1.5 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | Issuance of shares for vesting of equity awards | 0.2 | | | 0 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 0 | |
| Shares withheld for taxes on equity awards | Shares withheld for taxes on equity awards | (0.5) | | | — | | | (5) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (5) | | Shares withheld for taxes on equity awards | 0 | | | 0 | | | (1) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1) | |
| Dividends | Dividends | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1) | | | (1) | | Dividends | — | | | — | | | 0 | | | — | | | — | | | (1) | | | (1) | |
| Balance at June 30, 2020 | 115.4 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,847 | | | $ | (3,171) | | | $ | (56) | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 1,625 | | |
| Balance at June 30, 2021 | | Balance at June 30, 2021 | 116.6 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,932 | | | $ | (2,873) | | | $ | (58) | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 2,006 | |
| | | | Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 | | | Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 |
| | | Common Stock | | | Additional
Paid-In
Capital | | Accumulated
Deficit | | Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss | | Non-
controlling
Interests | | Total
Equity | | Common Stock | | Additional
Paid-In
Capital | | Accumulated
Deficit | | Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss | | Non-
controlling
Interests | | Total
Equity |
| Common Stock | | Additional
Paid-In
Capital | | Accumulated
Deficit | | Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss | | Non-
controlling
Interests | | Total
Equity | |
| | | Shares | | Amount | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2018 | 114.6 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,869 | | | $ | (2,507) | | | $ | (52) | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 2,315 | | |
| Balance at March 31, 2020 | | Balance at March 31, 2020 | 115.3 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,844 | | | $ | (3,157) | | | $ | (57) | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 1,634 | |
| Net (loss) income | Net (loss) income | — | | | — | | | — | | | (30) | | | — | | | 1 | | | (29) | | Net (loss) income | — | | | — | | | — | | | (14) | | | — | | | 1 | | | (13) | |
| Other comprehensive income | Other comprehensive income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | | | — | | | 1 | | Other comprehensive income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | | | — | | | 1 | |
| Repurchase of common stock | (1.2) | | | — | | | (20) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (20) | | |
| Stock-based compensation | Stock-based compensation | — | | | — | | | 15 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 15 | | Stock-based compensation | — | | | — | | | 4 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4 | |
| Issuance of shares for vesting of equity awards | Issuance of shares for vesting of equity awards | 1.3 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | Issuance of shares for vesting of equity awards | 0.1 | | | 0 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 0 | |
| Shares withheld for taxes on equity awards | Shares withheld for taxes on equity awards | (0.4) | | | — | | | (6) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (6) | | Shares withheld for taxes on equity awards | 0 | | | 0 | | | (1) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1) | |
| Dividends declared ($0.18 per share) | — | | | — | | | (21) | | | — | | | — | | | (2) | | | (23) | | |
| Balance at June 30, 2019 | 114.3 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,837 | | | $ | (2,537) | | | $ | (51) | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 2,253 | | |
| Balance at June 30, 2020 | | Balance at June 30, 2020 | 115.4 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,847 | | | $ | (3,171) | | | $ | (56) | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 1,625 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 |
| | Common Stock | | Additional
Paid-In
Capital | | Accumulated
Deficit | | Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss | | Non-
controlling
Interests | | Total
Equity |
|
|
| Shares | | Amount | |
| Balance at December 31, 2020 | 115.5 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,876 | | | $ | (3,055) | | | $ | (59) | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 1,767 | |
| Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | 182 | | | — | | | 3 | | | 185 | |
| Other comprehensive income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | | | — | | | 1 | |
| Equity component of Exchangeable Senior Notes issuance, net | — | | | — | | | 53 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 53 | |
| Purchase of Exchangeable Senior Notes note hedge transactions | — | | | — | | | (67) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (67) | |
| Tax benefit related to purchase of Exchangeable Senior Notes note hedge transactions | — | | | — | | | 18 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 18 | |
| Issuance of Exchangeable Senior Notes warrant transactions | — | | | — | | | 46 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 46 | |
| Exercise of stock options | — | | | — | | | 1 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | |
| Stock-based compensation | — | | | — | | | 14 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 14 | |
| Issuance of shares for vesting of equity awards | 1.6 | | | 0 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 0 | |
| Shares withheld for taxes on equity awards | (0.5) | | | 0 | | | (9) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (9) | |
| Dividends | — | | | — | | | 0 | | | — | | | — | | | (3) | | | (3) | |
| Balance at June 30, 2021 | 116.6 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,932 | | | $ | (2,873) | | | $ | (58) | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 2,006 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 |
| | Common Stock | | Additional
Paid-In
Capital | | Accumulated
Deficit | | Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss | | Non-
controlling
Interests | | Total
Equity |
|
|
| Shares | | Amount | |
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | 114.4 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,842 | | | $ | (2,695) | | | $ | (56) | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 2,096 | |
| Net (loss) income | — | | | — | | | — | | | (476) | | | — | | | 1 | | | (475) | |
| Stock-based compensation | — | | | — | | | 10 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 10 | |
| Issuance of shares for vesting of equity awards | 1.5 | | | 0 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 0 | |
| Shares withheld for taxes on equity awards | (0.5) | | | 0 | | | (5) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (5) | |
| Dividends | — | | | — | | | 0 | | | — | | | — | | | (1) | | | (1) | |
| Balance at June 30, 2020 | 115.4 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,847 | | | $ | (3,171) | | | $ | (56) | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 1,625 | |
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for Realogy Group
The Company has not included a statement of changes in equity for Realogy Group as the operating results of Group are consistent with the operating results of Realogy Holdings as all revenue and expenses of Realogy Group flow up to Realogy Holdings and there are no incremental activities at the Realogy Holdings level. The only difference between Realogy Group and Realogy Holdings is that the $1 million in par value of common stock in Realogy Holdings' equity is included in additional paid-in capital in Realogy Group's equity.
The Company's Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $275 million, $300 million, $350 million and $175 million of the Company's common stock in February 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively.
In the first quarter of 2019, the Company repurchased and retired 1.2 million shares of common stock for $20 million at a weighted average market price of $17.21 per share. The Company has not repurchased any shares under the share repurchase programs since 2019, and in May 2020, the Company's Board of Directors terminated its outstanding share repurchase programs.
During the covenant period (as defined in Note 11, "Subsequent Events", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements) under the Amendments to the Senior Secured Credit Agreement and Term Loan A Agreement, the Company is restricted from repurchasing shares. In addition, the restrictive covenants in the indentures governing the 9.375% Senior Notes and 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes further restrict the Company's ability to repurchase shares. See Note 5. "Short and Long-Term Debt—ContentsUnsecured Notes", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.Stock-Based Compensation
During the first quarter of 2020,2021, the Company granted restricted stock units related to 0.7 million shares with a weighted average grant date fair value of $9.70 and performance stock units related to 0.9 million shares with a weighted average grant date fair value of $9.23.$14.10 and performance stock units related to 0.6 million shares with a weighted average grant date fair value of $11.55. The Company granted all time-based equity awards in the form of restricted stock units which are subject to ratable vesting over a three-year period. Therefore, the Company did not grant shares of non-qualified stock options during the first quarter of 2020.
Cash-Based Compensation
During the first quarter of 2020, instead of issuing stock based compensation to certain employees, the Company issued $18 million of time-vested cash awards which vest annually over a three-year vesting period, $6 million of cash-settled long-term performance awards which are tied to cumulative free cash flow goals that will vest at the end of the three-year performance cycle based on achievement of the performance metric and $3 million of cash-settled awards based on the change in Realogy stock price that will vest at the end of the three-year performance cycle.
8.7. EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Realogy Holdings
Basic earnings (loss) per common share is computed based on net incomethe weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) attributable to Realogy Holdings stockholders divided byper common share is computed based on the basic weighted-averageweighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period.period using the treasury stock method. Dilutive earnings per share is computed consistently with the basic computation while giving effect to all dilutive potential common shares include shares the Company could be obligated to issue from its Exchangeable Senior Notes and common share equivalents that were outstanding duringwarrants (see Note 4. "Short and Long-Term Debt", to the period. Realogy Holdings uses the treasury stock method to reflect the potential dilutive effect ofCondensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion) and unvested stock awards and unexercised options.stock-based awards. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended
June 30, | | | | Six Months Ended
June 30, | | |
| (in millions, except per share data) | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Numerator: | | | | | | | |
| Numerator for earnings (loss) per share—continuing operations | | | | | | | |
| Net income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 28 | | | $ | 69 | | | $ | (407) | | | $ | (16) | |
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1) | | | (1) | | | (1) | | | (1) | |
| Net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Realogy Holdings | $ | 27 | | | $ | 68 | | | $ | (408) | | | $ | (17) | |
| Numerator for earnings (loss) per share—discontinued operations | | | | | | | |
| Net (loss) income from discontinued operations | $ | (41) | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | (68) | | | $ | (13) | |
| Net (loss) income attributable to Realogy Holdings shareholders | $ | (14) | | | $ | 69 | | | $ | (476) | | | $ | (30) | |
| Denominator: | | | | | | | |
| Weighted average common shares outstanding (denominator for basic (loss) earnings per share calculation) | 115.4 | | | 114.3 | | | 115.0 | | | 114.1 | |
| Dilutive effect of stock-based compensation (a)(b) | 0.8 | | | 0.6 | | | — | | | — | |
| Weighted average common shares outstanding (denominator for diluted (loss) earnings per share calculation) | 116.2 | | | 114.9 | | | 115.0 | | | 114.1 | |
| Basic (loss) earnings per share attributable to Realogy Holdings shareholders: | | | | | | | |
| Basic earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations | $ | 0.23 | | | $ | 0.59 | | | $ | (3.55) | | | $ | (0.15) | |
| Basic (loss) earnings per share from discontinued operations | (0.35) | | | 0.01 | | | (0.59) | | | (0.11) | |
| Basic (loss) earnings per share | $ | (0.12) | | | $ | 0.60 | | | $ | (4.14) | | | $ | (0.26) | |
| Diluted (loss) earnings per share attributable to Realogy Holdings shareholders: | | | | | | | |
| Diluted earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations | $ | 0.23 | | | $ | 0.59 | | | $ | (3.55) | | | $ | (0.15) | |
| Diluted (loss) earnings per share from discontinued operations | (0.35) | | | 0.01 | | | (0.59) | | | (0.11) | |
| Diluted (loss) earnings per share | $ | (0.12) | | | $ | 0.60 | | | $ | (4.14) | | | $ | (0.26) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended
June 30, | | Six Months Ended
June 30, |
| (in millions, except per share data) | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Numerator: | | | | | | | |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Realogy Holdings shareholders | $ | 149 | | | $ | (14) | | | $ | 182 | | | $ | (476) | |
| Denominator: | | | | | | | |
| Weighted average common shares outstanding (denominator for basic earnings (loss) per share calculation) | 116.5 | | | 115.4 | | | 116.2 | | | 115.0 | |
| Dilutive effect of stock-based compensation | 2.8 | | | 0 | | | 3.2 | | | 0 | |
| Dilutive effect of Exchangeable Senior Notes and warrants | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Weighted average common shares outstanding (denominator for diluted earnings (loss) per share calculation) | 119.3 | | | 115.4 | | | 119.4 | | | 115.0 | |
| Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Realogy Holdings shareholders: |
| Basic earnings (loss) per share | $ | 1.28 | | | $ | (0.12) | | | $ | 1.57 | | | $ | (4.14) | |
| Diluted earnings (loss) per share | $ | 1.25 | | | $ | (0.12) | | | $ | 1.52 | | | $ | (4.14) | |
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(a)The three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 20192021 exclude 9.04.7 million and 10.44.4 million shares, respectively, of common stock issuable for incentive equity awards, which includesinclude performance share units based on the achievement of target amounts, that are anti-dilutive to the diluted earnings per share computation.
(b)The Company hadwas in a net loss from continuing operationsposition for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and therefore the impact of incentive equity awards were excluded from the computation of dilutive loss per share as the inclusion of such amounts would be anti-dilutive.
Shares to be provided to the Company from the exchangeable note hedge transactions purchased concurrently with its issuance of Exchangeable Senior Notes are anti-dilutive and are not included in its diluted shares.
9.8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Litigation
The Company is involved in claims, legal proceedings, alternative dispute resolution and governmental inquiries related to alleged contract disputes, business practices, intellectual property and other commercial, employment, regulatory and tax matters. Examples of such matters include but are not limited to allegations:
•concerning anti-trust and anti-competition matters (including claims related to NAR or MLS rules regarding buyer broker commissions);
•that independent residential real estate sales agents engaged by Realogy Brokerage Group or by affiliated franchisees—under certain state or federal laws—are potentially employees instead of independent contractors, and they or regulators therefore may bring claims against Realogy Brokerage Group for breach of contract, wage and hour classification claims, wrongful discharge, unemployment and workers' compensation and could seek benefits,
back wages, overtime, indemnification, penalties related to classification practices and expense reimbursement available to employees or make similar claims against Realogy Franchise Group as an alleged joint employer of an affiliated franchisee’s independent sales agents;
•concerning other employment law matters, including other types of worker classification claims as well as wage and hour claims and retaliation claims;
•concerning anti-trust and anti-competition matters;
•that the Company is vicariously liable for the acts of franchisees under theories of actual or apparent agency;
•by current or former franchisees that franchise agreements were breached including improper terminations;
•concerning alleged RESPA or state real estate law violations;
•concerning claims related to the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, including autodialer claims;
•concerning claims generally against the company owned brokerage operations for negligence, misrepresentation or breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the performance of real estate brokerage or other professional services as well as other brokerage claims associated with listing information and property history;
•related to copyright law, including infringement actions alleging improper use of copyrighted photographs on websites or in marketing materials without consent of the copyright holder;holder or claims challenging our trademarks;
•concerning breach of obligations to make websites and other services accessible for consumers with disabilities;
•concerning claims generally against the title agent contending that the agent knew or should have known that a transaction was fraudulent or that the agent was negligent in addressing title defects or conducting the settlement;
•concerning information security, and cyber-crime, including claims under new and emerging data privacy laws related to the protection of customer, employee or third-party information, as well as thoseinformation;
•concerning cyber-crime, including claims related to the diversion of homesale transaction closing funds; and
•those related to general fraud claims.
Worker Classification Litigation
Whitlach v. Premier Valley, Inc. d/b/a Century 21 M&M and Century 21 Real Estate LLC (Superior Court of California, Stanislaus County). This was filed as a putative class action complaint on December 20, 2018 by plaintiff James Whitlach against Premier Valley Inc., a Century 21 Real Estate independently-owned franchisee doing business as Century 21 M&M (“Century 21 M&M”). The complaint also names Century 21 Real Estate LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and the franchisor of Century 21 Real Estate (“Century 21”), as an alleged joint employer of the franchisee’s independent sales agents and seeks to certify a class that could potentially include all agents of both Century 21 M&M and Century 21 in California. TheIn February 2019, the plaintiff allegesamended his complaint to assert claims pursuant to the California Private Attorneys General Act (“PAGA”). Following the Court's dismissal of the plaintiff's non-PAGA claims without prejudice in June 2019, the plaintiff filed a second amended complaint asserting one cause of action for alleged civil penalties under PAGA in June 2020 and continued to pursue his PAGA claims as a representative of purported "aggrieved employees" as defined by PAGA. As such representative, the plaintiff seeks all non-individualized relief available to the purported aggrieved employees under PAGA, as well as attorneys’ fees. Under California law, PAGA claims are generally not subject to arbitration and may result in exposure in the form of additional penalties.
In the second amended complaint, the plaintiff continues to allege that Century 21 M&M misclassified all of its independent real estate agents, salespeople, sales professionals, broker associates and other similar positions as independent contractors, failed to pay minimum wages, failed to provide meal and rest breaks, failed to pay timely wages, failed to keep proper records, failed to provide appropriate wage statements, made unlawful deductions from wages, and failed to reimburse plaintiff and the putative class for business related expenses, resulting in violations of the California Labor Code. The complaint also asserts an unfair business practice claim based on the alleged violations described above.
On February 15, 2019, the plaintiff amended his complaint to assert claims pursuant to the California Private Attorneys General Act (“PAGA”). The PAGA claims included in the amended complaint are substantively similar to those asserted in the original complaint. Under California law, PAGA claims are generally not subject to arbitration and may result in exposure in the form of additional penalties. In April 2019, the defendantsdemurrer filed motions to compel arbitration of the non-PAGA claims and to stay the PAGA claims pending resolution of the arbitrable claims. On June 5, 2019, the Court
dismissed the plaintiff’s non-PAGA claims without prejudice and withdrew the defendants’ motion to compel arbitration by stipulation of the parties. The plaintiff continues to pursue his PAGA claims as a representative of purported "aggrieved employees" as defined by PAGA. The plaintiff currently seeks, as the representative of all purported aggrieved employees, all non-individualized relief available to the purported aggrieved employees under PAGA, as well as attorneys’ fees. In November 2019, Century 21 M&M filed a demurrer(and joined by Century 21) on August 3, 2020 to the plaintiff's amended complaint, seeking to dismiss the remaining claim in the action, to which Century 21 filed a joinder. The demurrer was granted by the Court in Juneon November 10, 2020, however,dismissing the Court permittedcase without leave to replead. In January 2021, the plaintiff to repleadfiled a notice of appeal of the complaint. The amended complaint, filed in June 2020 byCourt’s order granting the plaintiff, asserts one cause of action for alleged civil penalties under PAGA. Century 21 M&Mdemurrer and filed its demurrer to the amended complaint, to which Century 21 filed a joinder (and,brief in the alternative, a motion to strike certain portionssupport of the amended complaint),appeal on August 3, 2020.June 28, 2021. This case raises various previously unlitigated claims and the PAGA claim adds additional litigation, financial and operating uncertainties.
Real Estate Industry Litigation
Moehrl, Cole, Darnell, Nager, Ramey, Sawbill Strategic, Inc., Umpa and Ruh v. The National Association of Realtors, Realogy Holdings Corp., Homeservices of America, Inc., BHH Affiliates, LLC, The Long & Foster Companies, Inc., RE/MAX LLC, and Keller Williams Realty, Inc. (U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois). This amended putative class action complaint (the "amended Moehrl complaint"), filed on June 14, 2019, (i) consolidates the Moehrl and Sawbill litigation reported in our Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019, (ii) adds certain plaintiffs and defendants, and (iii) serves as a response to the separate motions to dismiss filed on May 17, 2019 in the prior Moehrl litigation by each of NAR and the Company (along with the other defendants named in the prior Moehrl complaint).
In the amended Moehrl complaint, the plaintiffs allege that the defendants engaged in a continuing contract, combination, or conspiracy to unreasonably restrain trade and commerce in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act because defendant NAR allegedly established mandatory anticompetitive policies for the multiple listing services and its member brokers that require brokers to make an offer of buyer broker compensation when listing a property. The plaintiffs further allege that commission sharing, which provides for the broker representing the seller sharing or paying a portion of its commission to the broker representing the buyer, is anticompetitive and violates the Sherman Act, and that the defendant franchisors conspired with NAR by requiring their respective franchisees to comply with NAR’s policies and Code of Ethics. The plaintiffs seek a permanent injunction enjoining the defendants from requiring home sellers to pay buyer broker commissions or to otherwise restrict competition among buyer brokers, an award of damages and/or restitution, attorneys fees and costs of suit. Plaintiffs' counsel has filed a motion to appoint lead counsel in the case, which has yet to be decided by the Court. On August 9, 2019, NAR and the Company (together with the other defendants named in the amended Moehrl complaint) each filed separate motions to dismiss this litigation. The plaintiffs filed their opposition to the motions to dismiss on September 13, 2019, and the defendants filed their replies in support of the motions on October 18, 2019. In October 2019, the Department of Justice ("DOJ") filed a statement of interest for this matter, in their words “to correct the inaccurate portrayal, by defendant The National Association of Realtors (‘NAR’), of a 2008 consent decree between the United States and NAR.” A motion to appoint lead counsel in the case was granted on an interim basis by the Court in May 2020. In October 2020, the Court denied the separate motions to dismiss filed in August 2019 by each of NAR and the Company (together with the other defendants named in the amended Moehrl complaint). Discovery between the plaintiffs and defendants is stayed pending rulings on the outstanding motions to dismiss this litigation.ongoing.
Sitzer and Winger v. The National Association of Realtors, Realogy Holdings Corp., Homeservices of America, Inc., RE/MAX Holdings, Inc., and Keller Williams Realty, Inc. (U.S. District Court for the Western District of Missouri). This is a putative class action complaint filed on April 29, 2019 and amended on June 21, 2019 by plaintiffs Joshua Sitzer and Amy Winger against NAR, the Company, Homeservices of America, Inc., RE/MAX Holdings, Inc., and Keller Williams Realty, Inc. The complaint contains substantially similar allegations, and seeks the same relief under the Sherman Act, as the Moehrl litigation. The Sitzer litigation is limited both in allegations and relief sought to the State of Missouri and includes an additional cause of action for alleged violation of the Missouri Merchandising Practices Act, or MMPA. On August 22, 2019, the Court denied defendants' motions to transfer the Sitzer matter to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois and on October 16, 2019, denied the motions to dismiss this litigation filed respectively by NAR and the Company (together with the other named brokerage/franchisor defendants). In September 2019, the Department of JusticeDOJ filed a statement of interest and appearances for this matter for the same purpose stated in the Moehrl matter and inmatter. In July 2020, the DOJ requested wethe Company provide themit with all materials produced for Sitzer,with such request related to and preceding the subsequent civil lawsuit filed and related settlement agreement between the DOJ and NAR in November 2020. In July 2021, the DOJ filed a notice of withdrawal of consent to its November 2020 proposed settlement with NAR and submitted an additional request to the Company for any supplemental materials produced in Sitzer. Plaintiffs filed their motion for class certification on May 24, 2021 and on June 30, 2021, filed a second amended complaint limiting the class definition to home sellers who used a listing broker affiliated with one of the defendants, among other things. Discovery between the plaintiffs and defendants is ongoing.
Leeder v. The National Association of Realtors, Realogy Holdings Corp., Homeservices of America, Inc., BHH Affiliates, LLC, HSF Affiliates, LLC, The Long & Foster Companies, Inc., RE/MAX LLC, and Keller Williams Realty, Inc. (U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Eastern Division). In this putative class action filed on January 25, 2021, the plaintiff takes issue with certain NAR policies, including those related to buyer broker compensation at issue in the Moehrl and Sitzer matters as well as those at issue in the 2020 settlement between the DOJ and NAR, but claims the alleged conspiracy has harmed buyers (instead of sellers). The plaintiff alleges that the defendants made agreements and engaged in a conspiracy in restraint of trade in violation of the Sherman Act and were unjustly enriched, and seek a permanent injunction enjoining NAR from establishing in the future the same or similar rules, policies, or practices as those challenged in the action as well as an award of damages and/or restitution, interest, and reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses. The Company (together with the other companies named in the complaint) filed a motion to dismiss the complaint on April 20, 2021 and, on June 4, 2021, the plaintiff filed his opposition to which the defendants replied on July 6, 2021.
Conti v. San Francisco Association of Realtors, National Association of Realtors, Greater San Diego Association of Realtors, Realogy Holdings Corp., Compass SF I, Inc., Sotheby’s International Realty, Homeservices of America, Inc., Rodeo Realty, Inc., RE/MAX Holdings, Inc., and Keller Williams Realty, Inc. (U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California San Francisco Division). In this putative class action filed on March 19, 2021, the plaintiff raises claims regarding the NAR policies and rules similar to those at issue in the Leeder matter, alleging violations of the Sherman Act, the California Cartwright Act, the California Unfair Competition Law as well as unjust enrichment claims. The plaintiff seeks a permanent injunction enjoining NAR from establishing in the future the same or similar rules, policies, or practices as those challenged in the action as well as an award of damages and/or restitution, interest, and reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses. On May 27, 2021, the plaintiff filed a notice of voluntary dismissal without prejudice.
Rubenstein, Nolan v. The National Association of Realtors, Realogy Holdings Corp., Coldwell Banker, Sotheby’s Investment Realty, and Homeservices of America, Inc. (U.S. District Court for the District of Connecticut). In this putative class action, the plaintiffs take issue with the same NAR policies related to buyer broker compensation at issue in the Moehrl and Sitzer matters, but claim the alleged conspiracy has harmed buyers (instead of sellers) and is a federal racketeering violation
(instead (instead of a violation of federal antitrust law). The predicate criminal act and other elements ofIn October 2020, the plaintiffs filed a statement with the Court outlining the alleged racketeering violation are not pled.violations. The Company has not yet been served.
Securities Litigation
Tanaskovic v. Realogy Holdings Corp., et. al. (U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey). This is a putative class action complaint filed on July 11, 2019 by plaintiff Sasa Tanaskovic against the Company and certain of its current and former executive officers. The lawsuit alleges violations of Sections 10(b), 20(a) and Rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act in connection with allegedly false and misleading statements made by the Company about its business, operations, and prospects. The plaintiffs seek, among other things, compensatory damages for purchasers of the Company’s common stock between February 24, 2017 through May 22, 2019, as well as attorneys’ fees and costs. Locals 302 and 612 of the International Union of Operating Engineers-Employers Construction Industry Retirement Trust (the “Retirement Trust”), was appointed lead plaintiff on November 7, 2019. Lead plaintiff filed its amended complaint on March 6, 2020 and the Company filed its motion to dismiss the amended complaint on August 3, 2020.in November 2020 and in January 2021, the plaintiffs filed their objections and opposition. In January 2021, the Court granted defendants’ motion to stay discovery pending its determination of the pending motion to dismiss. On July 26, 2021, the Court dismissed this action with prejudice.
FriedBauman, Bauman and Nosalek v. MLS Property Information Network, Inc., Realogy Holdings Corp., et al.Homeservices of America, Inc., BHH Affiliates, LLC, HSF Affiliates, LLC, RE/MAX LLC, and Keller Williams Realty, Inc. (U.S.(U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey)Massachusetts). This is a putative derivativeclass action filed on October 23, 2019December 17, 2020, wherein the plaintiffs take issue with policies and rules similar to those at issue in the Moehrl, Sitzer and Rubenstein matters, but rather than objecting to the national policies and rules published by plaintiff Adam Fried againstNAR, this lawsuit specifically objects to the Company (as nominal defendant)alleged policies and certainrules of its currenta multiple listing service that is owned by realtors, including in part by one of Realogy’s company-owned brokerages. The plaintiffs allege that the defendants made agreements and former executive officers and membersengaged in a conspiracy in restraint of its Board of Directors (as defendants). The lawsuit alleges violations of Section 14(a)trade in violation of the ExchangeSherman Act and breach of fiduciary duties for, among other things, allegedly false and misleading statements made byseek a permanent injunction, enjoining the Company about its business, operations and prospectsdefendants from continuing conduct determined to be unlawful, as well as unjust enrichment claims. The plaintiff seeks, among other things, compensatoryan award of damages disgorgement of improper compensation, certain reforms to the Company’s corporate governanceand/or restitution, interest, and internal procedures andreasonable attorneys’ fees and costs. On December 23, 2019,expenses. The Company (together with the Court approvedother companies named in the complaint) filed a motion staying this case pending further actionto dismiss the complaint in March 2021 and, on April 15, 2021, the Tanaskovic matter.plaintiffs filed their opposition to which the defendants replied on May 17, 2021.
The Company disputes the allegations in each of the captioned matters described above and will vigorously defend these actions. Given the early stages of each of these cases, we cannot estimate a range of reasonably possible losses for this litigation.
The Company believes that it has adequately accrued for legal matters as appropriate. The Company records litigation accruals for legal matters which are both probable and estimable.
Litigation and other disputes are inherently unpredictable and subject to substantial uncertainties and unfavorable resolutions could occur. In addition, class action lawsuits can be costly to defend and, depending on the class size and claims, could be costly to settle. As such, the Company could incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims with liability that are materially in excess of amounts accrued and these settlements could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in any particular period.
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Company-Initiated Litigation
Realogy Holdings Corp. v. SIRVA Worldwide, Inc., North American Van Lines, Inc., Madison Dearborn Capital Partners VII-A, L.P., Madison Dearborn Capital Partners VII-C, L.P., and Madison Dearborn Capital Partners VII Executive-A, L.P. (Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware). On April 27, 2020, the Company filed a complaint against affiliates of MDP and SIRVA to enforce SIRVA’s obligations under the Purchase Agreement for the sale of the Company’s employee relocation services business, which was amended by the Company on May 17, 2020. The Company alleges breach of contract and seeks specific performance by SIRVA to perform its obligations under the Purchase Agreement, or in the alternative, an order directing the defendants to specifically perform their contractual obligations to pay the Company a $30 million termination fee, as well as costs and expenses, including reasonable attorney’s fees. On June 8, 2020, the defendants filed their answer to the Company's complaint along with counterclaims alleging breach of contract as well as a motion to dismiss the Company's claims for specific performance under the Purchase Agreement. On July 17, 2020, the Court granted the defendants’ motion to dismiss, limited to the issue of the availability of specific performance with respect to the acquisition of Cartus Relocation Services. On July 27, 2020, the Company filed its application for certification of interlocutory appeal with the trial court. On July 28, 2020, the Company filed its Notice of Appeal with the Delaware Supreme Court, and on July 31, 2020, defendants filed their opposition to the Company's application for interlocutory appeal with the trial court. Trial on the remainder of the Company’s claims including seeking payment of the termination fee and the defendants’ counterclaims is currently scheduled for November 2020.
Realogy Holdings Corp., NRT New York LLC (d/b/a The Corcoran Group), Sotheby’s International Realty, Inc., Coldwell Banker Residential Brokerage Company, Coldwell Banker Residential Real Estate LLC, NRT West, Inc., Martha Turner Properties, L.P. And Better Homes and Gardens Real Estate LLC v. Urban Compass, Inc., and Compass, Inc. (Supreme Court New York, New York County). On July 10, 2019, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries filed a complaint against Urban Compass, Inc. and Compass, Inc. (together, "Compass") alleging misappropriation of trade secrets; tortious interference with contract; intentional and tortious interference with prospective economic advantage; unfair competition under New York common law; violations of the California Unfair Competition Law, Business and Professional Code Section 17200 et. seq. (unfair competition); violations of New York General Business Law Section 349 (deceptive acts or practices); violations of New York General Business Law Sections 350 and 350-a (false advertising); conversion; and
aiding and abetting breach of contract. The Company seeks, among other things, actual and compensatory damages, injunctive relief, and attorneys’ fees and costs. The Company subsequently amended its complaint (which, among other things, withdrew the count for aiding and abetting breach of contract and added a count for defamation). Beginning in September 2019, Compass filed a series of motions, which the Company opposed, including a motion to dismiss and a motion to compel arbitration with respect to certain claims involving Corcoran. In June 2020, having previously denied certain portions of Compass’ motion to dismiss, the Court denied the balance of the motion to dismiss, and denied as moot Compass’ motion to compel arbitration, granting the Company leave to amend the allegations in its complaint that relate to Corcoran’s exclusive listings in order to clarify the claims and damages sought in the action. The Company filed its amended complaint in July 2020. In December 2020, the Court denied a motion to compel arbitration filed by Compass in September 2020 with respect to certain claims in the Company's amended complaint concerning or purportedly related to Corcoran and Sotheby’s International Realty, Inc. Compass subsequently filed an appellate brief appealing the Court's denial. On June 1, 2021, the Appellate Division affirmed the Court's denial of Compass' motion to compel arbitration. In January 2021, Compass filed its answer to the Company’s amended complaint, as well as counterclaims and third-party claims against the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, alleging unfair competition, tortious interference with prospective business relations, defamation, injurious falsehoods, and misappropriation of trade secrets. The third-party claim names a Company-affiliated franchise brokerage and an independent contractor for that franchise. Compass seeks compensatory and punitive damages, injunctive relief, disgorgement of profits, interest and attorneys’ fees. In March 2021, the Company filed a motion to dismiss (with respect to certain counterclaims) and a reply (to the remaining counts of the counterclaims). On April 22, 2021, pursuant to a stipulation of the parties, the Court ordered the dismissal without prejudice of Compass’s third-party claims and those counterclaims against the Company related to unfair competition under New York common law, conspiracy and misappropriation of trade secrets. Discovery in the case is continuing.
* * *
The Company is involved in certain other claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of our business. Such litigation, regulatory actions and other proceedings may include, but are not limited to, actions relating to intellectual property, commercial arrangements, indemnification (under contract or common law), franchising arrangements, the fiduciary duties of brokers, standard brokerage disputes like the failure to disclose accurate square footage or hidden defects in the property such as mold, vicarious liability based upon conduct of individuals or entities outside of our control, including franchisees and independent sales agents, antitrust and anti-competition claims (including claims related to NAR or MLS rules regarding buyer broker commissions), general fraud claims (including wire fraud associated with third-party diversion of funds from a brokerage transaction), claims under the False Claims Act (or similar state laws), consumer lending and debt collection law claims, employment law claims, including claims challenging the classification of independent sales agents as independent contractors, wage and hour related claims, and claims related to business actions responsive to the COVID-19 outbreak and governmental and regulatory directives thereto, and claims alleging violations of RESPA, state consumer fraud statutes or federal consumer protection statutes. While the results of such claims and legal actions cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe based on information currently available to us that the final outcome of current proceedings against the Company will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In addition, with the increasing requirements resulting from government laws and regulations concerning data breach notifications and data privacy and protection obligations, claims associated with these laws may become more common. While most litigation involves claims against the Company, from time to time the Company commences litigation, including litigation against former employees, franchisees and competitors when it alleges that such persons or entities have breached agreements or engaged in other wrongful conduct.
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Cendant Corporate Liabilities and Guarantees to Cendant and Affiliates
Realogy Group (then Realogy Corporation) separated from Cendant on July 31, 2006 (the "Separation"), pursuant to a plan by Cendant (now known as Avis Budget Group, Inc.) to separate into 4 independent companies—1 for each of Cendant's business units—real estate services (Realogy Group), travel distribution services ("Travelport"), hospitality services, including timeshare resorts ("Wyndham Worldwide"), and vehicle rental ("Avis Budget Group"). Pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement dated as of July 27, 2006 among Cendant, Realogy Group, Wyndham Worldwide and Travelport (the "Separation and Distribution Agreement"), each of Realogy Group, Wyndham Worldwide and Travelport have assumed certain contingent and other corporate liabilities (and related costs and expenses), which are primarily related to each of their respective businesses. In addition, Realogy Group has assumed 62.5% and Wyndham Worldwide has assumed 37.5% of certain contingent and other corporate liabilities (and related costs and expenses) of Cendant.
The due to former parent balance was $19 million at both June 30, 20202021 and $18 million at December 31, 2019, respectively.2020. The due to former parent balance was comprised of the Company’s portion of the following: (i) Cendant’s remaining contingent tax liabilities, (ii) potential liabilities related to Cendant’s terminated or divested businesses, and (iii) potential liabilities related to the residual portion of accruals for Cendant operations.
Tax Matters
The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States and several foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining the worldwide provision for income taxes and recording related assets and liabilities. In the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Company is regularly under audit by tax authorities whereby the outcome of the audits is uncertain. The Company believes there is appropriate support for positions taken on its tax returns. The liabilities that have been recorded represent the best estimates of the probable loss on certain positions and are adequate for all open years based on an assessment of many factors including past experience and interpretations of tax law applied to the facts of each matter. However, the outcomes of tax audits are inherently uncertain.
Escrow and Trust Deposits
As a service to its customers, the Company administers escrow and trust deposits which represent undisbursed amounts received for the settlement of real estate transactions. Deposits at FDIC-insured institutions are insured up to $250 thousand. These escrow and trust deposits totaled $729$1,103 million at June 30, 20202021 and $475$585 million at December 31, 2019.2020, respectively. These escrow and trust deposits are not assets of the Company and, therefore, are excluded from the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. However, the Company remains contingently liable for the disposition of these deposits.
10.9. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The reportable segments presented below represent the Company’s segments for which separate financial information is available and which is utilized on a regular basis by its chief operating decision maker to assess performance and to allocate resources. In identifying its reportable segments, the Company also considers the nature of services provided by its segments. During the first quarter of 2020, Realogy Leads Group was consolidated into Realogy Franchise Group and the segment change is reflected for all periods presented. Realogy Leads Group, which previously was part of Cartus, consists of the Company's affinity and broker-to-broker business, as well as the broker network made up of agents and brokers from Realogy’s residential real estate brands and certain independent real estate brokers (which is referred to as the Realogy Advantage Broker Network). The Company initiated litigation against affiliates of MDP and SIRVA to enforce SIRVA’s obligations under the Purchase Agreement as described in Note 9. "Commitments and Contingencies". Based upon developments in this litigation, the Company may reassess segment classification in future periods.
Management evaluates the operating results of each of its reportable segments based upon revenue and Operating EBITDA. Operating EBITDA is defined by us as net income (loss) before depreciation and amortization, interest expense, net (other than relocation services interest for securitization assets and securitization obligations), income taxes, and other items that are not core to the operating activities of the Company such as restructuring charges, former parent legacy items, gains or losses on the early extinguishment of debt, impairments, gains or losses on discontinued operations and gains or losses on the sale of investments or other assets. The Company’s presentation of Operating EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures used by other companies.
| | | | Revenues (a) (b) | | | Revenues (a) |
| | | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | | Three Months Ended June 30, | | Six Months Ended June 30, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Realogy Franchise Group | Realogy Franchise Group | $ | 179 | | | $ | 260 | | | $ | 347 | | | $ | 439 | | Realogy Franchise Group | $ | 347 | | | $ | 227 | | | $ | 601 | | | $ | 447 | |
| Realogy Brokerage Group | Realogy Brokerage Group | 933 | | | 1,331 | | | 1,802 | | | 2,147 | | Realogy Brokerage Group | 1,791 | | | 933 | | | 2,962 | | | 1,802 | |
| Realogy Title Group | Realogy Title Group | 160 | | | 160 | | | 297 | | | 274 | | Realogy Title Group | 255 | | | 160 | | | 456 | | | 297 | |
Corporate and Other (c)(b) | Corporate and Other (c)(b) | (65) | | | (87) | | | (123) | | | (142) | | Corporate and Other (c)(b) | (117) | | | (65) | | | (196) | | | (123) | |
| Total Company | Total Company | $ | 1,207 | | | $ | 1,664 | | | $ | 2,323 | | | $ | 2,718 | | Total Company | $ | 2,276 | | | $ | 1,255 | | | $ | 3,823 | | | $ | 2,423 | |
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(a)Transactions between segments are eliminated in consolidation. Revenues for the Realogy Franchise Group include intercompany royalties and marketing fees paid by Realogy Brokerage Group of $117 million and $196 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $65 million and $123 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, and $87 million and $142 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. Such amounts are eliminated through the Corporate and Other line.
(b)Revenues for Realogy Franchise Group include intercompany referral commissions related to Realogy Advantage Broker Network paid by Realogy Brokerage Group of $3 million and $5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, and $5 million and $8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. Such amounts are recorded as contra-revenues by Realogy Brokerage Group. There are no other material intersegment transactions.
(c)Includes the elimination of transactions between segments.
| | | | Operating EBITDA | | | Operating EBITDA |
| | | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | | Three Months Ended June 30, | | Six Months Ended June 30, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Realogy Franchise Group | Realogy Franchise Group | $ | 122 | | | $ | 180 | | | $ | 223 | | | $ | 278 | | Realogy Franchise Group | $ | 224 | | | $ | 125 | | | $ | 365 | | | $ | 221 | |
| Realogy Brokerage Group | Realogy Brokerage Group | 15 | | | 47 | | | (36) | | | (15) | | Realogy Brokerage Group | 70 | | | 15 | | | 65 | | | (36) | |
| Realogy Title Group | Realogy Title Group | 61 | | | 32 | | | 73 | | | 23 | | Realogy Title Group | 55 | | | 61 | | | 116 | | | 73 | |
| Corporate and Other (a) | Corporate and Other (a) | (26) | | | (24) | | | (51) | | | (49) | | Corporate and Other (a) | (39) | | | (26) | | | (74) | | | (51) | |
| Total continuing operations | 172 | | | 235 | | | 209 | | | 237 | | |
| Total Company | | Total Company | $ | 310 | | | $ | 175 | | | $ | 472 | | | $ | 207 | |
| | Less: Depreciation and amortization | Less: Depreciation and amortization | 46 | | | 43 | | | 91 | | | 84 | | Less: Depreciation and amortization | 51 | | | 46 | | | 102 | | | 91 | |
| Interest expense, net | Interest expense, net | 59 | | | 80 | | | 160 | | | 143 | | Interest expense, net | 57 | | | 59 | | | 95 | | | 160 | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | Income tax expense (benefit) | 11 | | | 33 | | | (121) | | | 1 | | Income tax expense (benefit) | 60 | | | (5) | | | 77 | | | (146) | |
| Restructuring costs, net (b) | Restructuring costs, net (b) | 14 | | | 9 | | | 25 | | | 18 | | Restructuring costs, net (b) | 5 | | | 18 | | | 10 | | | 30 | |
| Impairments (c) | Impairments (c) | 7 | | | 2 | | | 454 | | | 3 | | Impairments (c) | 1 | | | 63 | | | 2 | | | 540 | |
| Former parent legacy cost, net (d) | | Former parent legacy cost, net (d) | 1 | | | 0 | | | 1 | | | 0 | |
| Loss on the early extinguishment of debt (d) | Loss on the early extinguishment of debt (d) | 8 | | | — | | | 8 | | | 5 | | Loss on the early extinguishment of debt (d) | 1 | | | 8 | | | 18 | | | 8 | |
| Net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | 27 | | | 68 | | | (408) | | | (17) | | |
| Net (loss) income from discontinued operations | (41) | | | 1 | | | (68) | | | (13) | | |
| Net (loss) income attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | $ | (14) | | | $ | 69 | | | $ | (476) | | | $ | (30) | | |
| Gain on the sale of a business (e) | | Gain on the sale of a business (e) | (15) | | | 0 | | | (15) | | | 0 | |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | | Net income (loss) attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | $ | 149 | | | $ | (14) | | | $ | 182 | | | $ | (476) | |
_______________
(a)Includes the elimination of transactions between segments.
(b)The three months ended June 30, 2020 includes restructuring2021 includes restructuring charges of $1 million at Realogy Franchise Group, $2 million at Realogy Brokerage Group and $2 million at Corporate and Other.
The three months ended June 30, 2020 includes restructuring charges of $4 million at Realogy Franchise Group, $12 million at Realogy Brokerage Group and $2 million at Realogy Title Group.Group.
The threesix months ended June 30, 20192021 includes restructuring charges of $1$3 million at Realogy Franchise Group, $6$4 million at Realogy Brokerage Group $1 million at Realogy Title Group and $1$3 million at Corporate and Other.
The six months ended June 30, 2020 includes restructuring charges of $1$6 million at Realogy Franchise Group, $21 million at Realogy Brokerage Group and $3 million at Realogy Title Group.
The six months ended June 30, 2019 includes restructuring charges of $1 million at Realogy Franchise Group, $10 million at Realogy Brokerage Group, $2 million at Realogy Title Group and $5 million at Corporate and Other.
(c)Impairments for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 20192021 primarily relate to lease asset and software impairments.
ImpairmentsNon-cash impairments for the three months ended June 30, 2020 include $44 million of impairment charges during the three months ended June 30, 2020 (while Cartus Relocation Services was held for sale) to reduce the net assets to the estimated proceeds and other asset impairments of $19 million primarily related to lease asset impairments.
Non-cash impairments for the six months ended June 30, 2020 include include:
•a goodwill impairment charge of $413 million which reduced the net carrying value ofrelated to Realogy Brokerage Group by $314 million after accounting for the related income tax benefit of $99 million, Group;
•an impairment charge of $30 million which reduced the carrying value of trademarks atrelated to Realogy Franchise GroupGroup's trademarks;
•$74 million of impairment charges during the six months ended June 30, 2020 (while Cartus Relocation Services was held for sale) to reduce the net assets to the estimated proceeds; and $11
•other asset impairments of $23 million primarily related to lease asset impairments.
(d)Former parent legacy items and Loss on the early extinguishment of debt isare recorded in Corporate and Other.
(e)Gain on the sale of a business is recorded in Realogy Brokerage Group.
11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On July 24, 2020, Realogy Group amended the Senior Secured Credit Agreement and Term Loan A Agreement (collectively referred to as the “Amendments”) to ease the senior secured leverage ratio financial covenant under each agreement. Under the Amendments, Realogy Group is required to maintain a senior secured leverage ratio not to exceed 6.50 to 1.00 commencing with the third quarter of 2020 through and including the second quarter of 2021. Following the second quarter of 2021, the maximum senior secured leverage ratio permitted will then step down to 5.50 to 1.00 for the third quarter of 2021 and thereafter step down by 0.25 on a quarterly basis to 4.75 to 1.00 (which was the applicable level prior to the effectiveness of the Amendments) on and after the second quarter of 2022. No changes were made to the commitments and pricing under the Senior Secured Credit Agreement and Term Loan A Agreement pursuant to the Amendments.
The Amendments also tighten certain other covenants during the period commencing on July 24, 2020 until the Company issues its financial results for the third quarter of 2021 and concurrently delivers of an officer’s certificate to its lenders showing compliance with the quarterly financial covenant, subject to earlier termination, or the “covenant period.” If Realogy Group’s senior secured leverage ratio does not exceed 5.50 to 1.00 for the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2021, the covenant period will end at the time the Company delivers the compliance certificate to the lenders for such period; however, in either instance, the gradual step down in the senior secured leverage ratio, as described above, will continue to apply. The covenants revised during this covenant period include the reduction or elimination of the amount available for certain types of additional indebtedness, liens, restricted payments (including dividends and stock repurchases), investments (including acquisitions and joint ventures), and voluntary junior debt repayments.
The Company also may elect to end the covenant period at any time, provided the senior secured leverage ratio does not exceed 4.75 to 1.00 as of the most recently ended quarter for which financial statements have been delivered. In such event, the leverage ratio will reset to the pre-Amendment level of 4.75 to 1.00 thereafter.
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes thereto included elsewhere herein and with our Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes included in the 20192020 Form 10-K. Unless otherwise noted, all dollar amounts in tables are in millions. Neither Realogy Holdings, the indirect parent of Realogy Group, nor Realogy Intermediate, the direct parent company of Realogy Group, conducts any operations other than with respect to its respective direct or indirect ownership of Realogy Group. As a result, the condensed consolidated financial positions, results of operations and cash flows of Realogy Holdings, Realogy Intermediate and Realogy Group are the same. This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A, contains forward-looking statements. See "Forward-Looking Statements" and "Risk Factors" in this Quarterly Report as well as our 20192020 Form 10-K for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
OVERVIEW
We are a global provider of real estate services and report our operations in the following three business segments:
•Realogy Franchise Group—franchises the Century 21®, Coldwell Banker®, Coldwell Banker Commercial®, Corcoran®, ERA®, Sotheby's International Realty® and Better Homes and Gardens® Real Estate brand names. As of June 30, 2020,2021, our real estate franchise systems and proprietary brands had approximately 318,300336,900 independent sales agents worldwide, including approximately 187,500194,200 independent sales agents operating in the U.S. (which included approximately 51,80054,100 company owned brokerage independent sales agents). As of June 30, 2020,2021, our real estate franchise systems and proprietary brands had approximately 19,30021,100 offices worldwide in 115118 countries and territories, including approximately 5,8005,700 brokerage offices in the U.S. (which included approximately 680660 company owned brokerage offices). Realogy Leads Group, which consists of Company-This segment also includes our lead generation activities and client- directed affinity programs, broker-to-broker referrals and the Realogy Advantage Broker Network (previously referred to as the Cartus Broker Network) was consolidated in Realogy Franchise Group beginning in the first quarter of 2020 (see Note 10, "Segment Information", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information).global relocation services operation.
•Realogy Brokerage Group—operates a full-service real estate brokerage business with approximately 680660 owned and operated brokerage offices with approximately 51,80054,100 independent sales agents principally under the Coldwell Banker®, Corcoran® and Sotheby’s International Realty® brand names in many of the largest metropolitan areas in the U.S.
•Realogy Title Group—provides full-service title, escrow and settlement services to consumers, real estate companies, affinity groups, corporations and financial institutions with many of these services provided in connection with the Company's real estate brokerage business.and relocation services businesses. Our title insurance underwriter, Title Resources Guaranty Company, provides title underwriting services relating to the closing of home purchases and refinancing of home loans, working with affiliated and independent agents. This segment also includes the Company's share of equity earnings and losses for our Guaranteed Rate Affinity, our minority-owned mortgage origination joint venture.venture with Guaranteed Rate, Inc.
Our technology and data group pursues technology-enabledorganization is dedicated to providing innovative technology products and solutions that support the productivity and success of Realogy’s businesses, brands, brokers, agents, and consumers.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Capital Structure
In June 2021, we issued $403 million aggregate principal amount of 0.25% Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2026. We used a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to support our business segmentspay the cost of exchangeable note hedge transactions (with such cost partially offset by the proceeds to us from the sale of warrants). Taken together, the purchase of such exchangeable note hedges and franchiseesthe sale of such warrants are intended to offset (in whole or in part) any potential dilution and/or cash payments upon the exchange of the Exchangeable Senior Notes, and to effectively increase the overall exchange price from $24.49 to $30.6075 per share. We expect to use the remaining net proceeds for working capital and other general corporate purposes. See "Liquidity and Capital Resources" below, as well as independent sales agents affiliated with Realogy BrokerageNote 4, "Short and Franchise Groups and their customers.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic continuesLong-Term Debt", to have a profound effectthe Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the global economyExchangeable Senior Notes, exchangeable note hedge transactions and financial markets, creating warrant transactions.
Table of considerable risks and uncertaintiesContents for almost all sectors, including CURRENT BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY TRENDS
The first half of 2021 demonstrated continued strength in the U.S.residential real estate services industry,market, which we believe has been driven by certain beneficial consumer trends such as well ashome buyer preferences for certain geographies (including attractive tax and weather destinations) and demand in the Companyhigh-end market, supported by an increase in the prevalence of remote work arrangements, home buying trends among millennials, a favorable mortgage rate environment and its affiliated franchisees. Among other things,low inventory contributing to higher average homesale price.
Year-over-year comparisons are complicated by the impact of the COVID-19 crisis has created risks and uncertainties arising from the adverse effects on the economy as well as risks related to employees, independent sales agents, franchisees, and consumers.in 2020,
In the United States, federal, state and local governments continue to react to this evolving public health crisis. Although many states began the process of easing these restrictionswhich resulted in a sharp decline in homesale transaction volume during the second quarter of 2020, the vast majority of Americans continue to be subject to restrictions on their activities due to the public health crisis. The level and duration of such restrictions varyfollowed by state and local mandates. In addition, multiple states have recently re-established certain restrictions or paused their plans to ease restrictions due to increased COVID-19 cases. We continue to prioritize the
protection of the health and safety of our employees, affiliated agents and franchisees and customers and, as of June 30, 2020, substantially all of our employees continued to work remotely.
In addition to federal, state and local regulations and guidelines related to the ongoing crisis as well as brokerage policies and procedures, residential real estate transactions may be additionally restricted due to each consumer's preferences, including with respect to health, financial and other matters, including, but not limited to, whether the home buyer or seller is affected by the heightened economic uncertainties resulting from the pandemic, including significant stock market volatility, declining wages and increased unemployment.
In mid-March 2020, we began taking a series of proactive cost-saving measures in reaction to the evolving crisis, including salary reductions, furloughs and reductions in spending which resulted in substantial cost-savingsan exceptionally robust recovery in the second quarter of 2020. Many of these cost-saving measures were or are temporary in naturethird and have been and will continue to be assessed and adjusted on an ongoing basis based uponfourth quarters.However, the volumestrength of homesale transactions and business needs. For example, given the continued improving trend in open transaction volume and closed homesale transaction volume, salaries were fully restored in July 2020, including the voluntary temporary salary reductions that had been previously agreed to by our CEO and other executive officers, and many furloughed employees have been returned to the workforce. Subject to industry and macroeconomic developments, we currently anticipate that most of the remaining temporary cost measures will be lifted by the fourth quarter of 2020 and, accordingly, do not expect to realize the same level of COVID-19 related expense reductions in the second half of 2020. As part of the future vision of the Company, we may incorporate certain of the cost-saving measures implemented in connection with the crisis into our long-term business model.
We continue to take actions to leverage technology for virtual showings, alternative processes for contract negotiation and execution, and recent legislative and procedural changes related to items such as remote appraisals and remote notarization.
We earn royalty or gross commission income from closed homesale sides (with each homesale transaction having a “buy” and “sell” side). Closed homesale transaction volume represents closed homesale sides times average homesale price. Open transaction volume represents new contracts entered into to buy or sell a home times average sale price.
In mid-April 2020, open transaction volume reached its low point and since then has rebounded in a fairly consistent manner as states began to ease restrictions on activities and/or consumers began to adjust to the new COVID-19 environment. Open transaction volume in the month of June 2020 was positive and higher than June 2019 volume for our company owned and franchised brokerage businesses on a combined basis, with this positive trend continuing in the first half of July 2020. Closed homesale transaction volume has2021 can also begunbe demonstrated by comparison to improve. While closed homesale transaction volume was down 24% for the second quarter of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 for our company owned and franchised brokerages on a combined basis, combined closed transaction volume improved meaningfully in June to negative 8% year-over-year after reaching a bottom in May 2020. The improvement in open transaction volume in June and the first half of July should have a beneficial impact on closed transaction volume in2019. According to NAR:
•during the third quarter of 2020, but growth may be limited by inventory constraints across geographies and price point.
During the second quarter of 2020, our company owned brokerages were also negatively impacted by steeper declines in closed transactions in densely populated areas, such as California and the New York metropolitan area (geographies which also have an average sales price much higher than the U.S. average), as well as from lower inventory in the high-end markets, resulting in lower homesale transaction activity for company owned brokerages compared to franchised brokerages due to geographic and high-end market concentration. We expect that if these markets continue the slow reopening process homesale transactions will continue to lag in these markets.
While we are encouraged by the improvement in open homesale transaction volume since mid-April 2020, our third quarter 2020 results may continue to be negatively impacted by the pandemic. If the crisis worsens or economic side effects of the crisis worsen, these negative impacts may be more pronounced in future periods and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and liquidity.
Liquidity and Capital Resources Update
In June 2020, we issued $550 million 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes due in June 2025. We used the entire net proceeds from this offering, together with cash on hand, to fund the redemption of all of our outstanding 5.25% Senior Notes due 2021, and to pay related interest, premium, fees, and expenses. With this financing completed, our nearest debt maturity is not until early 2023, other than amortization payments for the Term Loan A and B Facilities.
On July 24, 2020, we entered into amendments to the Senior Secured Credit Agreement and Term Loan A Agreement (referred to collectively herein as the “Amendments”).
Pursuant to the Amendments, the financial covenant contained in each of the Senior Secured Credit Agreement and Term Loan A Agreement has been eased to require that Realogy Group maintain a senior secured leverage ratio not to exceed 6.50 to 1.00 commencing with the third quarter of 2020 through and including the second quarter of 2021. The maximum senior secured leverage ratio permitted will then step down to 5.50 to 1.00 for the third quarterfirst half of 2021 and thereafter step down by 0.25 on a quarterly basis to 4.75 to 1.00 (which was the applicable level prior to the effectiveness of the Amendments) on and after the second quarter of 2022. Unless terminated earlier by us or pursuant to the terms of the Amendments, until we deliver our covenant compliance certificate to the lenders for the third quarter of 2021, certain other covenants are tightened. The Amendments leave unchanged the commitments and pricing under the Senior Secured Credit Agreement (which includes the Revolving Credit Facility) and Term Loan A Agreement.
We were in compliance with the financial covenant in effect at June 30, 2020, with a senior secured leverage ratio of 3.29 to 1.00 as compared to the maximum ratio then permitted of 4.75 to 1.00.
See "Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources—Liquidity and Capital Resources" in this MD&A for additional information.
Update on Litigation Regarding the Planned Sale of Cartus Relocation Services
As previously disclosed, during the second quarter of 2020, we filed an action in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the “Court”) against affiliates of Madison Dearborn Partners, LLC and SIRVA Worldwide, Inc. (“SIRVA”), pursuant to which we allege breach of contract and seek specific performance by SIRVA to perform its obligations under the Purchase and Sale Agreement entered into on November 6, 2019 for the acquisition of Cartus Relocation Services, the Company’s global employee relocation business, by North American Van Lines, Inc., as assignee of SIRVA, or in the alternative, an order directing the defendants to specifically perform their contractual obligations to pay us a $30 million termination fee, as well as costs and expenses, including reasonable attorney’s fees. In July 2020, the Court granted the defendants’ motion to dismiss, limited to the issue of the availability of specific performance with respect to the acquisition of Cartus Relocation Services. We subsequently filed an application for certification of interlocutory appeal with the Court as well as a Notice of Appeal with the Delaware Supreme Court, and the defendants filed their opposition to our application for interlocutory appeal with the Court. Trial on the remainder of our claims including seeking payment of the termination fee and the defendants’ counterclaims is currently scheduled for November 2020.
CURRENT BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY TRENDS
According to the National Association of Realtors ("NAR"), during the first half of 2020, homesale transaction volume decreased 4%increased 41% due to an 8% decreasea 24% increase in the number of homesale transactions partially offset by and a 4%14% increase in the average homesale price.price; and
•during the first half of 2021 as compared to the first half of 2019, homesale transaction volume increased 35% due to an 18% increase in average homesale price and a 14% increase in homesale transactions.
Homesale transaction volume on a combined basis for Realogy Franchise and Brokerage Groups decreased 12%increased 66% during the six months ended June 30, 20202021 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2019.2020. Homesale transaction volume at Realogy Franchise Group increased 65% during such period, primarily as a result of a 29% increase in average homesale price and a 28% increase in existing homesale transactions. Homesale transaction volume at Realogy Brokerage Group decreased 16%,increased 68% during such period, primarily as a result of a 14% decrease34% increase in existing homesale transactions and a 2% decrease in average homesale price and homesale transaction volume at Realogy Franchise Group decreased 9%, as a result of a 12% decrease in existing homesale transactions, partially offset by a 4%25% increase in average homesale price.
Homesale transaction volume on a combined basis for Realogy Franchise and Brokerage Groups decreased 24%increased 85% during the three months ended June 30, 20202021 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2019.2020. Homesale transaction volume at Realogy Franchise Group increased 80% during such period, primarily as a result of a 35% increase in existing homesale transactions and a 34% increase in average homesale price. Homesale transaction volume at Realogy Brokerage Group decreased 30%,increased 96% during such period, primarily as a result of a 25% decrease46% increase in existing homesale transactions and a 7% decrease35% increase in average homesale price andprice.
Increased homesale transaction volume at Realogy Franchise Group decreased 20%,has been primarily driven since the second half of 2020 by strong performance in the overall housing market as a resultwell as at the high-end of a 21% decreasethe market. We believe homesale transaction volume for Realogy Brokerage Group also benefited in existingthe second quarter of 2021 from the strength of the high-end of the market as well as from its concentrated geographic footprint in certain major metropolitan markets, including New York City, which showed improved strength in the first half of 2021 after lagging the overall housing market recovery from the COVID-19 crisis. We expect year-over-year homesale transactions, partially offset by a 1% increasetransaction volume comparisons to be challenging for second half of 2021 as we will lap the significant growth in average homesale price.transaction volume that occurred in the back-half of 2020.
As shown in the tables below, NAR reports in its most recent press release that homesale transaction volume increased 53% in the second quarter of 2021 as compared to the second quarter of 2020 and increased 29% in the second quarter of 2021 as compared to the second quarter of 2019.
NAR Existing Homesale Transaction Volume
_______________
(a)Q1 and Q2 existing homesale data is as of the most recent NAR press release, which is subject to sampling error.
(b)Forecasted existing homesale data, on a seasonally adjusted basis, is as of the most recent NAR forecast.
There remain significant uncertainties regarding whether the beneficial consumer trends discussed above will be maintained at the same strength or at all, and whether such trends will continue to have a positive effect on our financial results, as well as significant uncertainties related to the COVID-19 crisis, including the impact of vaccines and virus mutations on the severity, duration and extent of the pandemic.
Existing Homesales
For the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020, NAR existing homesale transactions increased to 2.9 million homes or up 24%. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, homesale transactions on a combined basis for Realogy Franchise and Brokerage Groups increased 29% compared to the same period in 2020 due primarily to continued strength in the residential real estate market, particularly at the high-end of the market. We attribute the continued strength in the second quarter to certain beneficial consumer trends, supported by other factors, including a favorable mortgage rate environment. The quarterly and annual year-over-year trends in homesale transactions are as follows:
Existing Homesale Transactions
Realogy Compared to 2021 Industry Data
_______________
(a)Q1 and Q2 existing homesale data is as of the most recent NAR press release, which is subject to sampling error.
(b)Forecasted existing homesale data, on a seasonally adjusted basis, is as of the most recent NAR forecast.
(c)Forecasted existing homesale data, on a seasonally adjusted basis, is as of the most recent Fannie Mae press release.
As of their most recent releases, NAR is forecasting existing homesale transactions to remain flat in 2022 at 6 million homes while Fannie Mae is forecasting existing homesale transactions to decrease 3% for the same period.
Existing Homesale Price
For the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020, NAR existing homesale average price increased 14%. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, average homesale price on a combined basis for Realogy Franchise and Brokerage Groups increased 28% compared to the same period in 2020 which consisted of a 29% increase in average homesale price for Realogy Franchise Group and a 25% increase in average homesale price for Realogy Brokerage Group. Strength in the overall housing market benefited both Realogy Franchise Group and Realogy Brokerage Group as did low inventory contributing to higher average homesale price, with both Realogy Franchise Group and Realogy Brokerage Group also benefiting from strength at the high-end of the market and Realogy Brokerage Group also benefiting from its concentrated geographic footprint in certain major metropolitan markets, including New York City. The quarterly and annual year-over-year trends in the price of homes are as follows:
Existing Homesale Price
Realogy Compared to 2021 Industry Data
_______________(a)Q1 and Q2 homesale price data is for existing homesale average price and is as of the most recent NAR press release.
(b)Forecasted homesale price data is for median price and is as of the most recent NAR forecast.
(c)Existing homesale price data is for median price and is as of the most recent Fannie Mae press release.
As of their most recent releases, NAR is forecasting median existing homesale price to increase 4% in 2022 while Fannie Mae is forecasting median existing homesale price to increase 8% for the same period.
The COVID-19 crisis began meaningfully impacting our results in mid-March 2020 and we believe the ongoing crisis served as the primary driver of the decreases in homesale transaction volume for both the three- and six- month periods ended June 30, 2020. Prior to the COVID-19 crisis, incremental improvement in certain industry fundamentals, in particular declines in average mortgage rates, contributed to improvement in market conditionsTemporary Cost-Saving Measures.Quarterly earnings comparisons are also challenged in the second halfquarter of 2019 and continued to positively impact2021 by the majorityabsence of the first quarter of 2020. While duringtemporary cost-saving measures we took in the second quarter of 2020 we continued to benefit from a low mortgage rate environment (as interest rates were further reduced in response to the COVID-19 crisis), homesale transaction volume was negatively impacted by factors related to the pandemic, including restrictive measures implemented by state and local governments in response to the COVID-19 crisis. TheseCertain of those temporary cost-saving measures continued into the third quarter of 2020. Those temporary cost saving measures resulted in approximately $150 million of aggregate savings in the second and third quarter of 2020, with approximately two-thirds of such amount recognized in the second quarter of 2020. Substantially all of these measures were especially impactfulreversed during the third quarter of 2020 and we do not expect to our company owned brokerage operations due to our geographic concentration,realize comparable cost-savings from these prior temporary measures in particular in California and the New York metropolitan area.future periods.
Inventory. Continued or accelerated declines in inventory, whether attributable to the COVID-19 crisis or otherwise, have in the past and may in the future result in insufficient supply to meet any increased demand driven by the lower interest rate environment.environment and beneficial consumer trends. Additional inventory pressure arises from periods of slow or decelerated new housing construction. Even before the COVID-19 crisis, low housing inventory levels had been an industry-wide concern, in particular in certain highly sought-after geographies and at lower price points. According to NAR, the inventory of existing homes for sale in the U.S. decreased approximately 18%19% from 1.921.5 million as of June 20192020 to 1.571.3 million as of June 2020.2021. As a result, inventory has decreased from 4.33.9 months of supply in June 20192020 to 4.02.6 months as of June 2020.2021. These levels continue to be significantly below the 10-year average of 5.44.8 months, the 15-year average of 6.16.0 months and the 25-year average of 5.75.6 months.
Unemployment. FollowingWhile insufficient inventory levels generally have a negative impact on homesale transaction growth, during the onset of the pandemic, many companies announced reductionsthree months ended June 30, 2021, Realogy Franchise and Brokerage Groups saw a 37% increase in work weeks and salaries, although many people have recently returnedhomesale transactions on a combined basis compared to the laborsame period in 2020. We believe that an intensified pace of inventory supply turnover beginning in the second half of 2020 has contributed to the reported low levels of inventory, without a correlating decrease in homesale transactions. For example, at our company owned Coldwell Banker brokerages, the speed at which a home that was listed for sale went under contract reduced to a median of 12 days on the market following weeks or monthsin the second quarter of COVID-19 induced restrictions. 2021 from a median of 26 days on the market in the second quarter of 2020. There is significant uncertainty as to whether this recent pattern of low inventory, but increased homesale transactions driven by supply turnover will continue. Constraints in home inventory levels have typically had and may continue to have an adverse impact on the number of homesale transactions closed by Realogy Franchise and Brokerage Groups. In addition, in periods of rapid inventory turnover there is an increased risk that new homesale unit listings will not keep pace with demand, which could also negatively impact homesale transaction volume.
Unemployment.According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, while the U.S. unemployment rate declined to 11.1%5.9% in June 2020, easing2021, down considerably from a high of 14.7%14.8% reached in April 2020, this jobless ratebut still represents a 7.6% increase since2.4% higher compared to its pre-pandemic level in February 2020. If the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact employment levels and economic activity for a substantial period, or if jobs recovery slows or worsens, it is likely tocould lead to an increase in loan defaults and foreclosure activity and may make it more difficult for potential home buyers to arrange financing.
Mortgage Rates and Mortgage Origination Joint Venture. A wide variety We have been in an unusually prolonged period of factors can contribute tolow interest rates, with mortgage rates including federal interest rates, demand, consumer income, unemployment levels and foreclosure rates. In response toin the growing economic effects of the COVID-19 crisis, yields on the 10-year Treasury note declined to an all-time low of 0.54% on March 9, 2020. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board cut the interest rate two times, dropping its benchmark interest rate to a range of 0% to 0.25% on March 15, 2020. According to Freddie Mac, mortgage rates on commitments for a 30-year, conventional, fixed-rate first mortgage lowered to an average of 3.23% forU.S. reaching then-historic lows beginning in the second quarter of 2020 compared to 4.00% for the second quarter of 2019. On June 30, 2020, mortgage rates were 3.16%, according to Freddie Mac.2020. Our financial results are typically favorably impacted by a low interest rate environment as a decline in mortgage rates generally drives increased refinancing activity and homesale transactions. DueHowever, refinancing volumes are inherently cyclical and are highly correlated with fluctuations in mortgage rates. In addition, operating margins may be compressed due to competitive factors related to decreased demand. For example, at Realogy Title Group, purchase title and closing units increased 48%, but refinancing title and closing units declined 18%, during the second quarter of 2021 as compared to the economic effectssecond quarter of the COVID-19 crisis, banks may tighten mortgage standards, even as rates decline, which could limit the availability of mortgage financing. In addition, many individuals and businesses have benefited and may be continuing to benefit2020. Equity in earnings at Guaranteed Rate Affinity declined from one or more federal and/or state programs meant to assist$35 million in the navigationsecond quarter of COVID-related financial challenges, and2020 to $8 million in the curtailmentsecond quarter of such programs could have2021, primarily driven by a negative impact$19 million related to mark-to-market adjustments on their financial health. Increasesthe mortgage loan pipeline as well as margin compression and a decline in mortgage rates adversely impact housing affordability andrefinance volumes, partially offset by strong purchase volume growth. Given the strength of refinancing volumes in the second half of 2020, we expect softer refinance volumes to continue during the second half of 2021.
We have been and could again be negatively impacted by a rising interest rate environment.environment as increases in mortgage rates generally have a negative impact on refinancing title and closing units as well as mortgage unit volumes, housing affordability and homesale transaction volume.
A wide variety of factors can contribute to mortgage rates, including Treasury note yields, federal interest rates, inflation, demand, consumer income, unemployment levels and foreclosure rates. Yields on the 10-year Treasury note hit all-time lows during the COVID-19 crisis, but as of June 30, 2021 were 1.45% as compared to 0.66% as of June 30, 2020. According to Freddie Mac, mortgage rates on commitments for a 30-year, conventional, fixed-rate first mortgage lowered to
an average of 3.00% for the second quarter of 2021 compared to 3.23% for the second quarter of 2020. Although such mortgage rates began to increase during the first quarter of 2021 from the lows seen in late 2020, they continue to be at low levels compared to the 10-year average of 3.93%, according to Freddie Mac. On June 30, 2021, mortgage rates were 2.98%, or approximately 30 basis points higher than on December 31, 2020 and approximately 100 basis points lower than the 10-year average, according to Freddie Mac.
Banks may tighten mortgage standards, even if rates remain at low levels or decline, which could limit the availability of mortgage financing. In addition, many federal and/or state monetary or fiscal programs meant to assist individuals and businesses in the navigation of COVID-related financial challenges (including mortgage forbearance programs) have ended or are expected to end in the near term, which could have a negative impact on consumer financial health.
Affordability. The fixed housing affordability index, as reported by NAR, increaseddecreased from 151 for May 2019 to 169180 for May 2020 which we believe is primarily attributable to lower mortgage rates.152 for May 2021. A housing affordability index above 100 signifies that a family earning the median income has sufficient income to purchase a median-priced home, assuming a 20 percent down payment and ability to qualify for a mortgage. We expect housingHousing affordability tomay be significantly impacted in future periods by inflationary pressures, increases in mortgage rates and average homesale price, and the unprecedentedlow inventory environment as well as the rise in unemployment and economic challenges as a result of the COVID-19 crisis, but are unable to estimate the extent due to the uncertainties regarding the duration and severity of the COVID-19 crisis and its related impact on the global economy.crisis.
Recruitment and Retention of Independent Sales Agents; Commission Income. Recruitment and retention of independent sales agents and independent sales agent teams are critical to the business and financial results of a brokerage, including our company owned brokerages and those operated by our affiliated franchisees. In the second quarter of 2021, agents affiliated with our company owned brokerages grew 4% and, based on information from such franchisees, agents affiliated with our U.S. franchisees increased 3%, in each case as compared to June 30, 2020. Aggressive competition for the affiliation of independent sales agents has negatively impacted recruitment and retention efforts at both Realogy Franchise and Brokerage Groups, in particular with respect to more productive sales agents, and drove a loss in our market share for 2019 compared to 2018. This loss of market share has contributed to the decline in homesale transaction volume at both Realogy Franchisepreviously had and Brokerage Groups and is expected to continue to adversely impact results.
We believe that a variety of factors in recent years have driven intensifying recruitment and retention tactics for independent sales agents in the industry and has increasingly impacted our recruitment and retention of top producing agents. Such factors include increasing competition, increasing levels of commissions paid to agents (including up-front payments and equity), changes in the spending patterns of independent sales agents (as more independent sales agents purchase services from third-parties outside of their affiliated broker) and the growth in independent sales agent teams.
In addition, industry competition for independent sales agents has been and is expected to continue to be further complicated by competitive models that do not prioritize traditional business objectives. For example, we believe that certain owned-brokerage competitors have investors that have historically allowed the pursuit of increases in market share over profitability, which not only exacerbates competition for independent sales agents, but places additional pressure on the share of commission income received by the agent.
This competitive environment has continued despite general business disruption due to the COVID-19 crisis and we saw a decline in market share for the first half of 2020 compared to full-year 2019. Competition for productive agents is expected tomay continue to have a negative impact on our homesale transaction volume and market share andshare. These competitive market factors are expected to continue to put upward pressure on the average share of commissions earned by independent sales agents. These competitive market factors alsoagents and may continue to impact our franchisees and suchfranchisees. Such franchisees have and may continue to seek reduced royalty fee arrangements or other incentives from us to offset the continued business pressures on such franchisees, which would result in a reduction in royalty fees paid to us.
Non-Traditional Market Participants. While real estate brokers using historical real estate brokerage models typically compete for business primarily on the basis of services offered, brokerage commission, reputation, utilization of technology and personal contacts, participants pursuing non-traditional methods of marketing real estate may compete in other ways, including companies that employ technologies intended to disrupt historical real estate brokerage models or minimize or eliminate the role traditional brokers and sales agents perform in the homesale transaction process. The significant size of the U.S. real estate market has continued to attract outside capital investment in disruptive and traditional competitors that seek to access a portion of this market, including iBuying and home swap business models. These competitors and their investors may pursue increases in market share over profitability, further complicating the competitive landscape.
A growing number of companies are competing in non-traditional ways for a portion of the gross commission income generated by homesale transactions. For example, manyvirtual brokerage models (including virtual brokerages and brokerages that operate in a more virtual fashion) directly compete with traditional brokerage models and may dilute the relationship between the brokerage and the agent.
In addition, certain alternative transaction models, such as iBuying businessand home swap models, seekare less reliant on brokerages and sales agents, which could have a negative impact on such brokerages and agents as well as on the average homesale broker commission rate. These models also look to disintermediatecapture ancillary real estate brokersservices such as title and mortgage services and referral fees. RealSure, our joint venture with Home Partners of America, offers consumers the benefit of iBuying, while also keeping the independent sales agents from buyersagent at the center of the transaction. RealSure is available in 21 U.S. markets as of June 30, 2021 and we are investing to expand the scale of the program by pursuing direct-to-consumer marketing opportunities. Under the RealSure Sell program, sellers of homeswith qualifying properties receive a cash offer valid for 45 days immediately upon listing, and during this time frame have the opportunity to pursue a better price by reducing brokerage commissions that may be earnedmarketing their property with an affiliated independent sales agent. Sellers who are enrolled in RealSure Sell can utilize RealSure Buy to make a more competitive offer on those transactions. their next home before their current home is sold by leveraging their RealSure Sell cash offer.
In addition, the concentration and market power of the top listing aggregators allow them to monetize their platforms by a variety of actions, including but not limited to setting up competing brokerages and/or expanding intotheir offerings to include
products (including agent tools) and services ancillary to the brokerage business,real estate transaction, such as title, escrow and mortgage origination services, that compete with services offered by us, charging significant referral, fees, charging listing and display fees, diluting the relationship between agents and brokers (andand between agents and the consumer),consumer, tying referrals to use of their products, consolidating and leveraging data, and engaging in preferential or exclusionary practices to favor or disfavor other industry participants. These actions divert and reduce the earnings of other industry participants, including our company owned and franchised brokerages. Aggregators could intensify their current business tactics or introduce new programs that could be materially disadvantageous to our business and other brokerage participants in the industry and such tactics could further increase pressures on the profitability of our company owned and franchised brokerages and affiliated independent sales agents, reduce our franchisor service revenue and dilute our relationships with ouraffiliated franchisees and our and oursuch franchisees' relationships with affiliated independent sales agents and buyers and sellers of homes.
As previously disclosed, we have received meaningful For example, one dominant listing fees for our provision ofaggregator recently launched a brokerage with employee sales agents in several locations to support its iBuying offering and has joined most local multiple listing services, known as MLSs, as a participating broker to gain electronic access directly to real estate listings under agreements that were scheduled to expirerather than relying on disparate electronic feeds from other brokers participating in March 2022. Due to disputes between the parties,MLSs or MLS syndication feeds.
We are also impacted by changes in the rules and policies of NAR and the MLSs, which heightened duringcan be driven by changes in membership, including the COVID-19 crisis, these agreements were terminated during the second quarterentry of 2020. While the termination of these agreements had (and will have) a negative impact on our revenues and earnings, it also eliminated various obligations, which could allow us to pursue certain strategic options that were previously unavailable to us and could result in certain reduced spend. We will continue to focus efforts on lead generationnew industry participants, and other programs designed to benefit affiliated agents and franchisees.industry forces.
New Development. Realogy Brokerage Group has relationships with developers, primarily in major cities, in particular New York City, to provide marketing and brokerage services in new developments. New development closings can vary significantly from year to year due to timing matters that are outside of our control, including long cycle times and irregular project completion timing. In addition, the new development industry has also experienced significant disruption due to the COVID-19 crisis. Accordingly, earnings attributable to this business can fluctuate meaningfully from year to year, impacting both homesale transaction volume and the share of gross commission income we realize on such transactions.
Existing Homesales
For the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019, NAR existing homesale transactions decreased to 2.3 million homes or downRelocation Spending. 8%. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, homesale transactions on a combined basis for Realogy Franchise and Brokerage Groups decreased 13% compared to the same period in 2019 due primarily to the impact, starting around mid-March 2020, of the COVID-19 crisis, the impact of competition (including on our market share), the loss of certain franchisees and the geographic concentration of Realogy Brokerage Group. The quarterly and annual year-over-year trends in homesale transactions are as follows:
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(a)Q1 and Q2 existing homesale data is as of the most recent NAR press release, which is subject to sampling error.
(b)Forecasted existing homesale data, on a seasonally adjusted basis, is as of the most recent NAR forecast.
(c)Forecasted existing homesale data, on a seasonally adjusted basis, is as of the most recent Fannie Mae press release.
As of their most recent releases, NAR is forecasting existing homesale transactions to increase 7% in 2021 while Fannie Mae is forecasting existing homesale transactions to increase 4% for the same period.
Existing Homesale Price
For the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019, NAR existing homesale average price increased 4%. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, average homesale price on a combined basis for Realogy Franchise and Brokerage Groups increased 1% compared to the same period in 2019. However, as noted above, beginning in April 2020, our company owned brokerages have experienced declines in average sale price due to geography mix and lower inventory in the high-end markets. Realogy Brokerage Group's geographic concentration and exposure to the high-end of the market plus the associated competitive pressures drove the year-over-year decline in homesale price compared to the overall industry. The quarterly and annual year-over-year trends in the price of homes are as follows:
_______________(a)Q1 and Q2 homesale price data is for existing homesale average price and is as of the most recent NAR press release.
(b)Forecasted homesale price data is for median price and is as of the most recent NAR forecast.
(c)Existing homesale price data is for median price and is as of the most recent Fannie Mae press release.
As of their most recent releases, NAR is forecasting median existing homesale price to increase 3% in 2021 while Fannie Mae is forecasting median existing homesale price to increase 1% for the same period.
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We believe that long-term demand for housing and the growth of our industry are primarily driven by the affordability of housing, the economic health of the U.S. economy, demographic trends such as generational transitions, increases in U.S. household formation, mortgage rate levels and mortgage availability, certain tax benefits, job growth, increases in renters that qualify as homebuyers, the inherent attributes of homeownership versus renting and the availability of inventory in the consumer's desired location and within the consumer's price range. At this time, certain of these factors are trending favorably, such as mortgage rate levels and household formation, although the COVID-19 pandemic continues to materially impact the entire industry and the global economy. Factors that may negatively affect growth in the housing industry include:
•the severity, length and spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the extent, duration and severity of the economic consequences stemming from the COVID-19 crisis (including continued economic contraction), including with respect to governmental regulation, changes in patterns of commerce or consumer activities and changes in consumer attitudes;
•intensifying economic contraction in the U.S. economy including the impact of recessions, slow economic growth, or a deterioration in other economic factors (including potential consumer, business or governmental defaults or delinquencies due to the COVID-19 crisis or otherwise);
•continued low or accelerated declines in home inventory levels or stagnant and/or declining home prices;
•continued high levels of unemployment and/or declining wages or stagnant wage growth in the U.S.;
•the potential termination or substantial curtailment of one or more federal and/or state programs meant to assist businesses and individuals navigate COVID-19 related financial challenges;
•decreasing consumer confidence in the economy and/or the residential real estate market;
•an increase in potential homebuyers with low credit ratings or inability to afford down payments;
•reduced availability of mortgage financing or increasing down payment requirements or other mortgage challenges due to disrupted earnings;
•weak capital, credit and financial markets and/or the instability of financial institutions;
•an increase in foreclosure activity;
•a reduction in the affordability of homes;
•certain provisions of the 2017 Tax Act that directly impact traditional incentives associated with home ownership and may reduce the financial distinction between renting and owning a home, including those that reduce the amount that certain taxpayers would be allowed to deduct for home mortgage interest or state, local and property taxes as well as certain state or local tax reform, such as the "mansion tax" in New York City;
•decelerated or lack of building of new housing for homesales, increased building of new rental properties, or irregular timing of new development closings leading to lower unit sales at Realogy Brokerage Group, which has relationships with developers, primarily in major cities, to provide marketing and brokerage services in new developments;
•geopolitical and economic instability;
•homeowners retaining their homes for longer periods of time;
•changing attitudes towards home ownership, particularly among potential first-time homebuyers who may delay, or decide not to, purchase a home, as well as changing preferences to rent versus purchase a home;
•the lack of available inventory may limit the proclivity of home owners to purchase an alternative home;
•a decline in home ownership levels in the U.S.;
•natural disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, wildfires, mudslides and other events that disrupt local or regional real estate markets, including public health crises, such as pandemics and epidemics; and
•other legislative or regulatory reforms, including but not limited to reform that adversely impacts the financing of the U.S. housing market, changes relating to RESPA, potential reform of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, immigration reform, and further potential federal, state or local tax code reform (including, for example, the proposed "pied-a-terre tax" in New York City).
Cartus Relocation Services is impacted by these general residential housing trends as well as globalGlobal corporate spending on relocation services (which continuehas continued to shift to lower cost relocation benefits as corporate clients engage in cost reduction initiatives and/or restructuring programs) andprograms, as well as changes in employment relocation trends. As a result of a shift in the mix of services and number of services being delivered per move, our relocation operations have been increasingly subject to a competitive pricing environment and lower average revenue per relocation. Lower volume growth, in particular with respect to global relocation activity, has also impacted the operating results of our relocation operations. The COVID-19 crisis, along with related ongoing travel restrictions in the U.S. and elsewhere, has exacerbated these trends and is expected to continue to put pressure on the financial results of Cartus Relocation Services (part of the Realogy Franchise Group segment). In addition, the greater acceptance of remote work arrangements during the COVID-19 crisis has the potential to have a negative impact on relocation volumes in the long-term.
Leads Generation.Through Realogy Leads Group, a part of Realogy Franchise Group, we seek to provide high-quality leads to affiliated agents, including through real estate benefit programs that provide home-buying and selling assistance to members of organizations such as credit unions and interest groups that have established members who are buying or selling a home as well as to consumers and corporations who have expressed interest in a certain brand, product or service (such as relocation services). We operate several real estate benefit programs, including a program with a large long-term client as well as other programs we have launched in the past two years, including AARP® Real Estate Benefits. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain or expand these programs, and even if we are successful in these efforts, such programs may not generate a meaningful number of high-quality leads.
Legal & Regulatory Environment.See Part II., "Item 1.—Legal Proceedings" of this Quarterly Report for a discussion of the current legal and regulatory environment and how such environment could potentially impact us.
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While data provided by NAR and Fannie Mae are two indicators of the direction of the residential housing market, we believe that homesale statistics will continue to vary between us and NAR and Fannie Mae because:
•they use survey data and estimates in their historical reports and forecasting models, which are subject to sampling error, whereas we use data based on actual reported results;
•there are geographical differences and concentrations in the markets in which we operate versus the national market. For example, many of our company owned brokerage offices are geographically located where average homesale prices are generally higher than the national average and therefore NAR survey data will not correlate with Realogy Brokerage Group's results;
•comparability is also diminished due to NAR’s utilization offorecasts utilize seasonally adjusted annualized rates whereas we report actual period-over-period changes and their use of median price for their forecasts compared to our average price;
•NAR historical data is subject to periodic review and revision and these revisions have been material in the past, and could be material in the future; and
•NAR and Fannie Mae generally update their forecasts on a monthly basis and a subsequent forecast may change materially from a forecast that was previously issued.
While we believe that the industry data presented herein is derived from the most widely recognized sources for reporting U.S. residential housing market statistical data, we do not endorse or suggest reliance on this data alone. We also note that forecasts are inherently uncertain or speculative in nature and actual results for any period could materially differ.
KEY DRIVERS OF OUR BUSINESSES
Within Realogy Franchise and Brokerage Groups, we measure operating performance using the following key operating metrics: (i) closed homesale sides, which represents either the "buy" side or the "sell" side of a homesale transaction, (ii) average homesale price, which represents the average selling price of closed homesale transactions, and (iii) average homesale broker commission rate, which represents the average commission rate earned on either the "buy" side or "sell" side of a homesale transaction.
For Realogy Franchise Group, we also use net royalty per side, which represents the royalty payment to Realogy Franchise Group for each homesale transaction side taking into account royalty rates, homesale price, average broker commission rates, volume incentives achieved and other incentives. We utilize net royalty per side as it includes the impact of changes in average homesale price as well as all incentives and represents the royalty revenue impact of each incremental side.
For Realogy Brokerage Group, we also use gross commission income per side, which represents gross commission income divided by closed homesale sides. Gross commission income includes commissions earned in homesale transactions and certain other activities, primarily leasing and property management transactions. Realogy Brokerage Group, as a franchisee of Realogy Franchise Group, pays a royalty fee of approximately 6% per transaction to Realogy Franchise Group from the commission earned on a real estate transaction. The remainder of gross commission income is split between the broker (Realogy Brokerage Group) and the independent sales agent in accordance with their applicable independent contractor agreement (which specifies the portion of the broker commission to be paid to the agent), which varies by each agent agreement, which varies by agent.agreement.
InFor Realogy Title Group, operating performance is evaluated using the following key metrics: (i) purchase title and closing units, which represent the number of title and closing units we process as a result of home purchases, (ii) refinance title and closing units, which represent the number of title and closing units we process as a result of homeowners refinancing their home loans, and (iii) average fee per closing unit, which represents the average fee we earn on purchase title and refinancing title sides. Results are favorably impacted by the low mortgage rate environment. An increase or decrease in homesale transactions will impact the financial results of Realogy Title Group; however, thetheir financial results are not significantly impacted by a change in homesale price.
Realogy Leads Group, which consists of Company- and client- directed affinity programs, broker-to-broker referrals and the Realogy Advantage Broker Network (previously referred to as the Cartus Broker Network) was consolidated into Realogy Franchise Group during the first quarter of 2020.
For the three months ended June 30, 2020, Cartus Relocation Services had 20,567 initiations as compared to 31,977 initiations during the same period in 2019. Cartus Relocation Services earned referral fee revenue from approximately 2,937 referrals for the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to 4,369 referrals during the second quarter of 2019.
For the six months ended June 30, 2020, Cartus Relocation Services had 45,616 initiations as compared to 59,311 initiations during the same period of 2019. Cartus Relocation Services earned referral fee revenue from approximately 5,588 referrals for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to 7,110 referrals during the first half of 2019. Cartus Relocation Services experienced a decline in new initiations attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic in the second quarter of 2020 and this trend is expected to continue in the third quarter of 2020, and potentially beyond but to a lesser extent than what we experienced in the second quarter.
The following table presents our drivers for the three and six months ended June 30, 20202021 and 2019.2020. See "Results of Operations" below for a discussion as to how these drivers affected our business for the periods presented.
| | | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | | Three Months Ended June 30, | | Six Months Ended June 30, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | % Change | | 2020 | | 2019 | | % Change | | 2021 | | 2020 | | % Change | | 2021 | | 2020 | | % Change |
| Realogy Franchise Group (a) | Realogy Franchise Group (a) | | | | | | | | | | | | Realogy Franchise Group (a) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Closed homesale sides | Closed homesale sides | 238,085 | | | 301,377 | | | (21) | % | | 441,273 | | | 504,039 | | | (12) | % | Closed homesale sides | 320,463 | | | 238,085 | | | 35 | % | | 565,161 | | | 441,273 | | | 28 | % |
| Average homesale price | Average homesale price | $ | 321,308 | | | $ | 318,799 | | | 1 | % | | $ | 321,841 | | | $ | 310,581 | | | 4 | % | Average homesale price | $ | 430,756 | | | $ | 321,308 | | | 34 | % | | $ | 414,842 | | | $ | 321,841 | | | 29 | % |
| Average homesale broker commission rate | Average homesale broker commission rate | 2.49 | % | | 2.47 | % | | 2 | bps | | 2.48 | % | | 2.47 | % | | 1 | bps | Average homesale broker commission rate | 2.46 | % | | 2.49 | % | | (3) | bps | | 2.46 | % | | 2.48 | % | | (2) | bps |
| Net royalty per side | Net royalty per side | $ | 324 | | | $ | 331 | | | (2) | % | | $ | 321 | | | $ | 320 | | | — | % | Net royalty per side | $ | 418 | | | $ | 324 | | | 29 | % | | $ | 402 | | | $ | 321 | | | 25 | % |
| Realogy Brokerage Group | Realogy Brokerage Group | | Realogy Brokerage Group | |
| Closed homesale sides | Closed homesale sides | 71,375 | | | 95,251 | | | (25) | % | | 133,916 | | | 155,693 | | | (14) | % | Closed homesale sides | 103,945 | | | 71,375 | | | 46 | % | | 178,938 | | | 133,916 | | | 34 | % |
| Average homesale price | Average homesale price | $ | 503,935 | | | $ | 540,725 | | | (7) | % | | $ | 517,888 | | | $ | 529,543 | | | (2) | % | Average homesale price | $ | 678,978 | | | $ | 503,935 | | | 35 | % | | $ | 649,634 | | | $ | 517,888 | | | 25 | % |
| Average homesale broker commission rate | Average homesale broker commission rate | 2.43 | % | | 2.41 | % | | 2 | bps | | 2.42 | % | | 2.41 | % | | 1 | bps | Average homesale broker commission rate | 2.43 | % | | 2.43 | % | | — | bps | | 2.43 | % | | 2.42 | % | | 1 | bps |
| Gross commission income per side | Gross commission income per side | $ | 12,863 | | | $ | 13,758 | | | (7) | % | | $ | 13,206 | | | $ | 13,546 | | | (3) | % | Gross commission income per side | $ | 17,053 | | | $ | 12,863 | | | 33 | % | | $ | 16,357 | | | $ | 13,206 | | | 24 | % |
| Realogy Title Group | Realogy Title Group | | Realogy Title Group | |
| Purchase title and closing units | Purchase title and closing units | 32,028 | | | 42,202 | | | (24) | % | | 60,752 | | | 70,246 | | | (14) | % | Purchase title and closing units | 47,375 | | | 32,028 | | | 48 | % | | 81,203 | | | 60,752 | | | 34 | % |
| Refinance title and closing units | Refinance title and closing units | 17,548 | | | 5,270 | | | 233 | % | | 26,447 | | | 9,281 | | | 185 | % | Refinance title and closing units | 14,472 | | | 17,548 | | | (18) | % | | 34,939 | | | 26,447 | | | 32 | % |
| Average fee per closing unit | Average fee per closing unit | $ | 2,062 | | | $ | 2,356 | | | (12) | % | | $ | 2,151 | | | $ | 2,320 | | | (7) | % | Average fee per closing unit | $ | 2,608 | | | $ | 2,062 | | | 26 | % | | $ | 2,446 | | | $ | 2,151 | | | 14 | % |
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(a)Includes all franchisees except for Realogy Brokerage Group.
A decline in the number of homesale transactions and/or decline in homesale prices could adversely affect our results of operations by: (i) reducing the royalties we receive from our franchisees, (ii) reducing the commissions our company owned brokerage operations earn, (iii) reducing the demand for our title, escrow and settlement and underwriting services (iv) reducingor the referral fees we earn from affinity, broker-to-brokerservices of our mortgage origination joint venture, and the Realogy Advantage Leads Network, and (v)(iv) increasing the risk of franchisee default due to lower homesale volume. Our results could also be negatively affected by a decline in commission rates charged by brokers or greater commission payments to sales agents or by an increase in volume or other incentives paid to franchisees.franchisees, among other factors.
SinceWith the exception of 2020, since 2014, we have experienced approximately a one basis point decline in the average homesale broker commission rate each year, which we believe has been largely attributable to increases in average homesale prices (as higher priced homes tend to have a lower broker commission) and, to a lesser extent, competitors providing fewer or similar services for a reduced fee. In 2020, the average homesale broker commission rate increased by two basis points at Realogy Brokerage Group and one basis point at Realogy Franchise Group.
Royalty fees are charged to all franchisees pursuant to the terms of the relevant franchise agreements and are included in each of the real estate brands' franchise disclosure documents. Most of our third-party franchisees arebrands utilize a volume-based incentive model with a royalty fee rate that is initially equal to 6% of the franchisee's gross commission income, but subject to reduction based upon volume incentives.
We also utilize other royalty fee models that are not generally eligible for volume incentives. For example, certain of our franchisees (including some of our largest franchisees) have a 6%flat royalty fee rate and entitled to volume incentives, althoughof less than 6%. In addition, a royalty fee generally equal to 5% of franchisee commission (capped at a set amount per independent sales agent per year) is applicable to franchisees operating under the "capped fee model" that was launched for our Better Homes and Gardens® Real Estate franchise business in January 2019. Volume incentives are calculatedOur Corcoran franchise business utilizes a tiered royalty fee model under which franchisees pay us a royalty fee percentage (generally set at an initial rate of 6%) that decreases in steps during each calendar year as a progressive percentage of the applicable franchisee's eligible annualfranchisee’s gross commission income reaches certain levels to a minimum of 4%. We have and generally resultmay, from time to time in a netthe future, restructure or effective royalty rate ranging from 6% to 3% forrevise the franchisee (prior to taking into account other incentives that may be applicablemodel used at one or more franchised brands, including with respect to the franchisee). Volume incentives increase or decrease as the franchisee's gross commission income generated increases or decreases, respectively. We have the right to adjust the annual volume incentive tables on an annual basis in response to changing market conditions. In addition, certain of our franchisees (including some of our largest franchisees) have a flatapplicable initial royalty rate of less than 6% and are not eligible for volume incentives.
Other incentives may also be used as consideration to attract new franchisees, grow franchisees (including through independent sales agent recruitment) or extend existing franchise agreements, although in contrast to volume incentives, the majority of other incentives are not homesale transaction based.
Transaction volume growth has generally exceeded royalty revenue growth due primarily to the growth in gross commission income generated by our top 250 franchisees and our increased use of other sales incentives, both of which directly impact royalty revenue. Over the past several years, our top 250 franchisees have grown faster than our other franchisees through organic growth and market consolidation. If the amount of gross commission income generated by our top 250 franchisees continues to grow at a quicker pace relative to our other franchisees, we would expect our royalty revenue to continue to increase, but at a slower pace than homesale transaction volume. Likewise, our royalty revenue would continue to increase, but at a slower pace than homesale transaction volume, if the gross commission income generated by all of our franchisees grows faster than the applicable annual volume incentive table increase or if we increase our use of standard volume or other incentives. However, in the event that the gross commission income generated by our franchisees increases as a result of increased transaction volume, we would expect to recognize an increase in overall royalty payments to us.
We face significant competition from other national real estate brokerage brand franchisors for franchisees and we expect that the trend of increasing incentives will continue in the future in order to attract, retain, and help grow certain franchisees. Taking into account competitive factors, we have and may, from time to time in the future, restructure or revise the model used at one or more franchised brands. We expect to experience downward pressures on net royalty per side, during 2020, largely due to the impact of competitive market factors noted above, continued concentration among our top 250 franchisees, and the impact of affiliated franchisees of our Better Homes and Gardens® Real Estate brand moving to the "capped fee model" we adopted in 2019.2019; however, these pressures were more than offset by increases in homesale prices in the three and six-month period ended June 30, 2021.
Realogy Brokerage Group has a significant concentration of real estate brokerage offices and transactions in geographic regions where home prices are at the higher end of the U.S. real estate market, particularly the east and west coasts, while
Realogy Franchise Group has franchised offices that are more widely dispersed across the United States. Accordingly, operating results and homesale statistics may differ between Realogy Brokerage Group and Realogy Franchise Group based upon geographic presence and the corresponding homesale activity in each geographic region. In addition, the share of commissions earned by independent sales agents directly impacts the margin earned by Realogy Brokerage Group. Such share of commissions earned by independent sales agents varies by region and commission schedules are generally progressive to incentivize sales agents to achieve higher levels of production. Commission share has been and we expect will continue to be subject to upward pressure in favor of the independent sales agent for a variety of factors, including more aggressive recruitment and retention activities taken by us and our competitors as well as growth in independent sales agent teams.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Discussed below are our condensed consolidated results of operations and the results of operations for each of our reportable segments. The reportable segments presented below represent our segments for which separate financial information is available and which is utilized on a regular basis by our chief operating decision maker to assess performance and to allocate resources. In identifying our reportable segments, we also consider the nature of services provided by our segments. Management evaluates the operating results of each of our reportable segments based upon revenue and Operating EBITDA. Operating EBITDA is defined by us as net income (loss) before depreciation and amortization, interest expense, net (other than relocation services interest for securitization assets and securitization obligations), income taxes, and other items that are not core to the operating activities of the Company such as restructuring charges, former parent legacy items, gains or losses on the early extinguishment of debt, impairments, gains or losses on discontinued operations and gains or losses on the sale of investments or other assets. Our presentation of Operating EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.
Our results of operations should be read in conjunction with our other disclosures in this Item 2. including under the headings Recent Developments—COVID-19 andheading Current Business and Industry Trends.
Three Months Ended June 30, 20202021 vs. Three Months Ended June 30, 20192020
Our consolidated results comprised the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | | |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | Change |
| Net revenues | $ | 1,207 | | | $ | 1,664 | | | $ | (457) | |
| Total expenses | 1,204 | | | 1,569 | | | (365) | |
| Income from continuing operations before income taxes, equity in earnings and noncontrolling interests | 3 | | | 95 | | | (92) | |
| Income tax expense | 11 | | | 33 | | | (22) | |
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities | (36) | | | (7) | | | (29) | |
| Net income from continuing operations | 28 | | | 69 | | | (41) | |
| Net (loss) income from discontinued operations | (41) | | | 1 | | | (42) | |
| Net (loss) income | (13) | | | 70 | | | (83) | |
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1) | | | (1) | | | — | |
| Net (loss) income attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | $ | (14) | | | $ | 69 | | | $ | (83) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, |
| | 2021 | | 2020 | | Change |
| Net revenues | $ | 2,276 | | | $ | 1,255 | | | $ | 1,021 | |
| Total expenses | 2,075 | | | 1,309 | | | 766 | |
| Income (loss) before income taxes, equity in earnings and noncontrolling interests | 201 | | | (54) | | | 255 | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 60 | | | (5) | | | 65 | |
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities | (10) | | | (36) | | | 26 | |
| Net income (loss) | 151 | | | (13) | | | 164 | |
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (2) | | | (1) | | | (1) | |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | $ | 149 | | | $ | (14) | | | $ | 163 | |
Net revenues decreased $457increased $1,021 million or 27%81% for the three months ended June 30, 20202021 compared with the three months ended June 30, 20192020 driven bylower higher homesale transaction volume at both RealogyFranchise and Brokerage Groups and an increase in purchase title and closing units at Realogy Title Group, in each case due primarily to continued strength in the residential real estate marketBrokerage ,Groups primarily which we attribute to certain beneficial consumer trends supported by other factors, including a favorable mortgage rate environment and low inventory contributing to higher average homesale price. Quarter-over-quarter comparisons, on a Company-wide and individual segment basis, also benefited from comparison against the sharp decline in homesale transactions that occurred in the second quarter of 2020 due to factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic.crisis.
Total expenses decreased $365increased $766 million or 23%59% for the second quarter of 20202021 compared to the second quarter of 20192020 primarily due to:
•a $270$688 million decreaseincrease in commission and other sales agent-related costs primarily due to an increase in homesale transaction volume as well as a result of the impact of lower homesale transaction volume at Realogy Brokerage Group due to the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by higher agent commission costs primarily driven by retention efforts and a shift in mix asto more productive, higher compensated agents, completed a higher percentagethe impact of homesale transactions;recruitment and retention efforts, and business and geographic mix;
•a $66$147 million decreaseincrease in operating and general and administrative expenses, primarilywhich was largely the result of the absence in the 2021 quarter of the benefit of the temporary cost savings measures that were taken in the second quarter of 2020 in response to the COVID-19 crisis and due to lower employee-related, occupancyhigher employee incentive accruals; and other operating costs as a result
•a $29$25 million decreaseincrease in marketing expense primarily due to not holding in person meetings and conferences and lowerhigher advertising costs due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the second quarter of 2020as compared to the second quarter of 2019;2020, when such expenses were reduced due to the COVID-19 crisis,
partially offset by:
•impairments of $1 million primarily related to lease assets and software impairments during the second quarter of 2021 compared to $63 million in non-cash impairments during the second quarter of 2020;
•$15 million of gain on the sale of a business;
•a $13 million decrease in restructuring costs;
•a $1 million loss on the early extinguishment of debt as a result of the pay down of $150 million of outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan B Facility during the second quarter of 2021 compared to an $8 million loss on the early extinguishment of debt as a result of the refinancing transactions during the second quarter of 2020; and
•a $21$2 million net decrease in interest expense primarily due to a $16$2 million declinedecrease in expense related to our mark-to-market adjustments for our interest rate swaps that resulted in $6 million losses during the second quarter of 2021 compared to losses of $8 million during the second quarter of 2020 compared to losses of $242020.
Equity in earnings were $10 million during the second quarter of 2019 and a decrease in interest expense due to LIBOR rate decreases,
partially offset by;
•an $8 million loss on the early extinguishment of debt during the second quarter of 2020 as a result of the refinancing transactions in June 2020;
•lease asset impairments of $7 million during the second quarter of 20202021 compared to $2 million during the second quarterearnings of 2019; and
•a $5 million increase in restructuring costs.
Equity in earnings were $36 million during the second quarter of 2020 compared to earnings of $7 million during the second quarter of 2019 primarily due to improvement in earnings of Guaranteed Rate Affinity at Realogy Title Group.2020. Equity in earnings for Guaranteed Rate Affinity increased by $29was $8 million, from $6 million inrepresenting approximately 3% of the Company's Operating EBITDA for the second quarter of 2019 to2021, decreasing by $27 million from $35 million in the second quarter of 2020 as a2020. The decrease was primarily the result of a negative $19 million related to mark-to-market adjustments on the low mortgage rate environmentloan pipeline as well as margin compression and improved marginsa decline in the venture.refinance volumes, partially offset by strong purchase volume growth. Equity in earnings for Realogy Title Group'sthe Company's other equity method investments remained flat atincreased $1 million from $1 million during the second quarter of 2020 and 2019.2021 compared with the same period in 2020.
During the second quarter of 2020,2021, we incurred $14$5 million of restructuring costs primarily related to the Company's restructuring program focused on office consolidation and instituting operational efficiencies to drive profitability. The Company expects the estimated total cost of the plan which began in the first quarter of 2019program to be approximately $81$166 million, with $61$122 million incurred to date.date and $44 million remaining primarily related to future expenses as a result of reducing the leased-office footprints. See Note 6,5, "Restructuring Costs", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
The Company's provision for income taxes in interim periods is computed by applying its estimated annual effective tax rate against the income or loss before income taxes for the period. In addition, non-recurring or discrete items are recorded in the period in which they occur. The provision for income taxes was an expense of $11$60 million for the three months ended June 30, 20202021 compared to an expensea benefit of $33$5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019.2020. Our effective tax rate was 28% and 32% for both the three months ended June 30, 20202021 and June 30, 2019, respectively.2020. The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 20202021 was primarily impacted by the tax impact of vesting equity awards with a market value lower than at the date of grant.non-deductible executive compensation.
The following table reflects the results of each of our reportable segments during the three months ended June 30, 20202021 and 2019:2020:
| | | | Revenues (a) | | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA | | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA Margin | | | Change | | Revenues (a) | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA Margin | | Change |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | | | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | | | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | Change | 2021 | | 2020 | | $ Change | %
Change | 2021 | | 2020 | | $ Change | %
Change | 2021 | | 2020 | | Change |
| Realogy Franchise Group | Realogy Franchise Group | $ | 179 | | | $ | 260 | | | $ | (81) | | | (31) | % | | $ | 122 | | | $ | 180 | | | $ | (58) | | | (32) | % | | 68 | % | | 69 | % | | (1) | | Realogy Franchise Group | $ | 347 | | | $ | 227 | | | 120 | | | 53 | | | $ | 224 | | $ | 125 | | 99 | | | 79 | | | 65 | % | 55 | % | 10 | |
| Realogy Brokerage Group | Realogy Brokerage Group | 933 | | | 1,331 | | | (398) | | | (30) | | | 15 | | | 47 | | | (32) | | | (68) | | | 2 | | | 4 | | | (2) | | Realogy Brokerage Group | 1,791 | | | 933 | | | 858 | | | 92 | | | 70 | | | 15 | | | 55 | | | 367 | | | 4 | | | 2 | | | 2 | |
| Realogy Title Group | Realogy Title Group | 160 | | | 160 | | | — | | | — | | | 61 | | | 32 | | | 29 | | | 91 | | 38 | | | 20 | | | 18 | | Realogy Title Group | 255 | | | 160 | | | 95 | | | 59 | | | 55 | | | 61 | | | (6) | | | (10) | | | 22 | | | 38 | | | (16) | |
| Corporate and Other | Corporate and Other | (65) | | | (87) | | | 22 | | | * | | (26) | | | (24) | | | (2) | | | * | | Corporate and Other | (117) | | | (65) | | | (52) | | | * | | (39) | | | (26) | | | (13) | | | * | |
| Total continuing operations | $ | 1,207 | | | $ | 1,664 | | | $ | (457) | | | (27) | % | | $ | 172 | | | $ | 235 | | | $ | (63) | | | (27) | % | | 14 | % | | 14 | % | | — | | |
| Total Company | | Total Company | $ | 2,276 | | | $ | 1,255 | | | 1,021 | | | 81 | | | $ | 310 | | | $ | 175 | | | 135 | | | 77 | | | 14 | % | | 14 | % | | — | |
| | Less: Depreciation and amortization | Less: Depreciation and amortization | | | 46 | | | 43 | | | Less: Depreciation and amortization | | 51 | | | 46 | | |
| Interest expense, net | Interest expense, net | | | 59 | | | 80 | | | Interest expense, net | | 57 | | | 59 | | |
| Income tax expense | | | 11 | | | 33 | | | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | | Income tax expense (benefit) | | 60 | | | (5) | | |
| Restructuring costs, net (b) | Restructuring costs, net (b) | | | 14 | | | 9 | | | Restructuring costs, net (b) | | 5 | | | 18 | | |
| Impairments (c) | Impairments (c) | | | 7 | | | 2 | | | Impairments (c) | | 1 | | | 63 | | |
| Former parent legacy cost, net (d) | | Former parent legacy cost, net (d) | | 1 | | | — | | |
| Loss on the early extinguishment of debt (d) | Loss on the early extinguishment of debt (d) | | | 8 | | | — | | | Loss on the early extinguishment of debt (d) | | 1 | | | 8 | | |
| Net income from continuing operations attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | | | 27 | | | 68 | | | |
| Net (loss) income from discontinued operations | | | (41) | | | 1 | | | |
| Net (loss) income attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | | | $ | (14) | | | $ | 69 | | | |
| Gain on the sale of a business (e) | | Gain on the sale of a business (e) | | (15) | | | — | | |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | | Net income (loss) attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | | $ | 149 | | | $ | (14) | | |
_______________
* not meaningful
(a)Includes the elimination of transactions between segments, which consists of intercompany royalties and marketing fees paid by Realogy Brokerage Group of $65$117 million and $87$65 million during the three months ended June 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.
(b)Restructuring charges incurred for the three months ended June 30, 20202021 include $12$1 million at Realogy Franchise Group, $2 million at Realogy Brokerage Group and $2 million at Realogy Title Group. RestructuringCorporate and Other. Restructuring charges incurred for the three months ended June 30, 20192020 include $1$4 million at Realogy Franchise Group, $6$12 million at Realogy Brokerage Group $1and $2 million at Realogy Title Group and $1 million at Corporate and Other.Group.
(c)Impairments for the three months ended June 30, 2021 primarily relate to lease asset and software impairments. Non-cash impairments for the three months ended June 30, 2020 include $44 million of impairment charges during the three months ended June 30, 2020 (while Cartus Relocation Services was held for sale) to reduce the net assets to the estimated proceeds and 2019 relateother asset impairments of $19 million primarily related to lease asset impairments.
(d)Former parent legacy items and Loss on the early extinguishment of debt is recordedare recorded in Corporate and Other.
As described in the aforementioned table, Operating EBITDA margin for "Total continuing operations"Company" expressed as a percentage of revenues remained flat at 14% for the three months ended June 30, 20202021 compared to the same period in 2019. On2020. Operating EBITDA margin for "Total Company", as well as on a segment basis, was negatively impacted by the absence in the 2021 quarter of the benefit of the temporary cost savings measures that were taken in the second quarter of 2020 in response to the COVID-19 crisis. Realogy Franchise Group's margin decreased 1increased 10 percentage pointpoints to 68%65% from 69%55% primarily due a decreaseto an increase in royalty revenue and higher bad debt expense related to the early termination of third party listing fee agreements, partially offset by a decrease in employee and other operating costs primarily as a result of COVID-19 related cost savings initiatives.an increase in homesale transaction volume. Realogy Brokerage Group's margin decreasedincreased 2 percentage points fromto 4% tofrom 2% primarily due to higher transaction volume, partially offset by higher agent commission costs primarily driven by retention efforts and a shift in mix asto more productive, higher compensated agents, completed a higher percentagethe impact of homesale transactions, partially offset by lower operatingrecruiting and employee expenses primarily due to COVID-19 related cost savings initiatives.retention efforts, as well as business and geographic mix. Realogy Title Group's margin increased 18decreased 16 percentage points to 22% from 38% from 20% primarily asdue to a result of an increasedecrease in equity in earnings of Guaranteed Rate Affinity, which was primarily driven by a negative $19 million related to mark-to-market adjustments on the mortgage loan pipeline as awell as margin compression and lower refinancing volume, partially offset by strong purchase volume growth.
Corporate and Other Operating EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2021 declined $13 million to negative $39 million largely the result of the low mortgage rate environment and improved marginsabsence in the venture.2021 quarter of the benefit of the temporary cost savings measures that were taken in the second quarter of 2020 in response to the COVID-19 crisis as well as higher employee incentive accruals.
Realogy Franchise and Brokerage Groups on a Combined Basis
The following table reflects Realogy Franchise and Brokerage Group'sGroups' results before the intercompany royalties and marketing fees as well as on a combined basis to show the Operating EBITDA contribution of these business segments to the overall Operating EBITDA of the Company. The Operating EBITDA margin for the combined segments decreasedincreased 2 percentage points from 15%13% to 13%15% primarily due to lowerhigher homesale transaction volume during the second quarter of 20202021 compared to the second quarter of 2019:2020:
| | | | Revenues | | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA | | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA Margin | | | Change | | Revenues | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA Margin | | Change |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | | | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | | | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | Change | 2021 | | 2020 | | $ Change | %
Change | 2021 | | 2020 | | $ Change | %
Change | 2021 | | 2020 | | Change |
| Realogy Franchise Group (a) | Realogy Franchise Group (a) | $ | 114 | | | $ | 173 | | | (59) | | | (34) | | | $ | 57 | | | $ | 93 | | | (36) | | | (39) | | | 50 | % | | 54 | % | | (4) | | Realogy Franchise Group (a) | $ | 230 | | | $ | 162 | | | 68 | | | 42 | | | $ | 107 | | $ | 60 | | 47 | | | 78 | | | 47 | % | 37 | % | 10 | |
| Realogy Brokerage Group (a) | Realogy Brokerage Group (a) | 933 | | | 1,331 | | | (398) | | | (30) | | | 80 | | | 134 | | | (54) | | | (40) | | | 9 | | | 10 | | | (1) | | Realogy Brokerage Group (a) | 1,791 | | | 933 | | | 858 | | | 92 | | | 187 | | | 80 | | | 107 | | | 134 | | | 10 | | | 9 | | | 1 | |
| Realogy Franchise and Brokerage Groups Combined | Realogy Franchise and Brokerage Groups Combined | $ | 1,047 | | | $ | 1,504 | | | (457) | | | (30) | | | $ | 137 | | | $ | 227 | | | (90) | | | (40) | | | 13 | % | | 15 | % | | (2) | | Realogy Franchise and Brokerage Groups Combined | $ | 2,021 | | | $ | 1,095 | | | 926 | | | 85 | | | $ | 294 | | | $ | 140 | | | 154 | | | 110 | | | 15 | % | | 13 | % | | 2 | |
_______________
(a)The segment numbers noted above do not reflect the impact of intercompany royalties and marketing fees paid by Realogy Brokerage Group to Realogy Franchise Group of $65$117 million and $87$65 million during the three months ended June 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.
Realogy Franchise Group
Revenues decreased $81increased $120 million to $179$347 million and Operating EBITDA decreased $58increased $99 million to $122$224 million for the three months ended June 30, 20202021 compared with the same period in 2019.2020.
Revenues decreased $81increased $120 million primarily as a result of:
•a $23$58 million decreaseincrease in third-party domestic franchisee royalty revenue primarily due to a 20% decreasean 80% increase in
homesale transaction volume at Realogy Franchise Group which consisted of a 21% decrease35% increase in existing homesale transactions partially offset byand a 1%34% increase in average homesale price;
•a $21$49 million decreaseincrease in intercompany royalties received from Realogy Brokerage Group;
•a $15 million decrease in registration and brand marketing fund revenue (associated with the waiver of marketing fees from affiliates in the quarter), which had a related expense decrease of $18 million resulting in a $3 million net positive impact on Operating EBITDA, due to not holding in person meetings and conferences and lower advertising costs due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the second quarter of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019;
•a $12 million decreaseincrease in lead referral revenues driven by lower volumebrand marketing fund revenue and referral transactionsrelated expense primarily driven bydue to higher advertising costs as compared to the discontinuation of the USAA affinity program which ceased new enrollments in the thirdsecond quarter of 2019;
•a $6 million decrease in revenue related2020, when such expenses were reduced due to the early termination of third party listing fee agreements; and
•a $4 million decrease in other revenue.COVID-19 crisis.
Realogy Franchise Group revenue includes intercompany royalties received from Realogy Brokerage Group of $63$112 million and $84$63 million during the second quarter of 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively, which are eliminated in consolidation against the expense reflected in Realogy Brokerage Group's results.
The $58$99 million decreaseincrease in Operating EBITDA was primarily due to the $81$120 million decreaseincrease in revenues discussed above and $8$11 million of higherlower expense for bad debt expense primarily related to the early termination of third party listing fee agreements.and notes reserves. These Operating EBITDA decreasesincreases were partially offset by the $18$20 million decrease in registration and brand marketing fund expense discussed above and a $13 million decreaseincrease in employee and other operating costs, principally due to COVID-19 relatedlargely the result of the absence in the 2021 quarter of the benefit of the temporary cost savings initiativesmeasures that were taken in the second quarter of 2020 in response to the COVID-19 crisis and the discontinuation of the USAA affinity program.higher employee incentive accruals, as well as a $12 million increase in marketing expense discussed above.
Realogy Brokerage Group
Revenues decreased $398increased $858 million to $933$1,791 million and Operating EBITDA decreased $32increased $55 million to $15$70 million for the three months ended June 30, 20202021 compared with the same period in 2019.2020.
The revenue decreaseincrease of $398$858 million was primarily driven by a 30% decrease96% increase in homesale transaction volume at our Realogy Brokerage Group due to the COVID-19 pandemic which primarily consisted of a 25% decrease46% increase in existing homesale transactions and a 7% decrease35% increase in average homesale price. Realogy Brokerage Group saw continued strength in the residential real estate market in the second quarter of 2021, which we attribute to certain beneficial consumer trends supported by other factors, including a favorable mortgage rate environment and low inventory contributing to higher average homesale price.
Operating EBITDA decreased $32increased $55 million primarily due to a $398an $858 million decreaseincrease in revenues discussed above, partially offset by:
•a $270$688 million decreaseincrease in commission expenses paid to independent sales agents from $955$685 million for the second quarter of 2020 to $1,373 million in the second quarter of 2019 to $685 million in the second quarter of 2020.2021. Commission expense decreasedincreased primarily as a result of the impact of lowerhigher homesale transaction volume as discussed above, partially offset byas well as higher agent commission costs primarily driven by retention efforts and a shift in mix asto more productive, higher compensated agents, completed a higher percentagethe impact of homesale transactions;recruiting and retention efforts, as well as business and geographic mix;
•a $58$51 million decreaseincrease in employee-related occupancy costs and other operating costs due primarily to COVID-19 relatedlargely the result of the absence in the 2021 quarter of the benefit of the temporary cost savings initiatives;measures that were taken in the second quarter of 2020 in response to the COVID-19 crisis and due to higher employee incentive accruals;
•a $21$49 million decreaseincrease in royalties paid to Realogy Franchise Group from $84$63 million induring the second quarter of 20192020 to $63$112 million induring the second quarter of 20202021 associated with the homesale transaction volume declineincrease as described above; and
•a $17$15 million decreaseincrease in marketing expense primarily due to lowerhigher advertising costs as a resultcompared to the second quarter of 2020, when such expenses were reduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic.crisis.
Realogy Title Group
Revenues remained flat at $160increased $95 million to $255 million and Operating EBITDA increased $29decreased $6 million to $61$55 million for the three months ended June 30, 20202021 compared with the same period in 2019.2020.
Revenues remained flatincreased $95 million primarily as a result of a $19$57 million increase in refinanceresale revenue dueattributable to anincreased purchase unit activity as a result of the continued strength in the residential real estate market, which we attribute to certain beneficial consumer trends supported by other factors, including a favorable mortgage rate environment and low inventory contributing to higher average homesale price. In addition, there was a $39 million increase in activity in the refinance market andunderwriter revenue (including a $10$33 million increase in underwriter revenue with unaffiliated agents, which had a $1$3 million net positive impact on Operating EBITDA due to the related expense increase of $9 million. The revenue increases were$30 million), partially offset by a $27$4 million decrease in resalerefinance revenue. Equity earnings or losses related to our minority interest in Guaranteed Rate Affinity are included in the financial results of Realogy Title Group, but are not reported as revenue due to a decline in purchase transactions as a resultRealogy Title Group.
Operating EBITDA increased $29 million primarily as a result of an increase in equity in earnings related to Guaranteed Rate Affinity due to the favorable mortgage rate environment and improved margins in the venture. The $9 million increase in underwriter expense with unaffiliated agents discussed above was offset by a decrease in employee and other operating costs due to COVID-19 related costs savings initiatives.
Discontinued Operations - Cartus Relocation
Revenues for Cartus Relocation Services decreased $23 million to $48 million from $71 million and Operating EBITDA decreased $7 million to $3 million from $10 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared with the same period in 2019.
Revenues decreased $23$6 million primarily as a result of a $10$45 million decrease in international revenue due to lower volume and lost business as well as a $7 million decrease in referral revenue and a $7 million decrease in other revenue, both of which were primarily driven by lower volume. Beginning in the second half of March 2020, Cartus Relocation Services experienced a decline in new initiations due to the COVID-19 pandemic which continued through the second quarter of 2020 and this trend is expected to continue in the third quarter of 2020 and potentially beyond but to a lesser extent than what we experienced in the second quarter.
Operating EBITDA decreased $7 million due to the revenue decrease discussed above, partially offset by a decreaseincrease in employee and other operating costs, primarilylargely the result of the absence in the 2021 quarter of the benefit of the temporary cost savings measures that were taken in the second quarter of 2020 in response to the COVID-19 crisis and due to COVID-19higher variable costs as a result of higher volume and higher employee incentive accruals, and a $30 million increase in variable operating costs related cost savings initiatives.to the increase in underwriter revenue with unaffiliated agents discussed above where the revenue and expense are recorded on a gross basis. In addition, equity in earnings decreased $26 million from $36 million during the second quarter of 2020 to $10 million during the second quarter of 2021 primarily related to Guaranteed Rate Affinity. The decline in equity in earnings from Guaranteed Rate Affinity was driven primarily by a negative $19 million related to mark-to-market adjustments on the mortgage loan pipeline as well as margin compression and a decline in refinance volumes, partially offset by strong purchase volume growth. These decreases were partially offset by the $95 million increase in revenues discussed above.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 vs.2021 vs Six Months Ended June 30, 20192020
Our consolidated results comprised the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended June 30, | | | | |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | Change |
| Net revenues | $ | 2,323 | | | $ | 2,718 | | | $ | (395) | |
| Total expenses | 2,896 | | | 2,741 | | | 155 | |
| Loss from continuing operations before income taxes, equity in earnings and noncontrolling interests | (573) | | | (23) | | | (550) | |
| Income tax (benefit) expense | (121) | | | 1 | | | (122) | |
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities | (45) | | | (8) | | | (37) | |
| Net loss from continuing operations | (407) | | | (16) | | | (391) | |
| Net loss from discontinued operations | (68) | | | (13) | | | (55) | |
| Net loss | (475) | | | (29) | | | (446) | |
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1) | | | (1) | | | — | |
| Net loss attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | $ | (476) | | | $ | (30) | | | $ | (446) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended June 30, |
| | 2021 | | 2020 | | Change |
| Net revenues | $ | 3,823 | | | $ | 2,423 | | | $ | 1,400 | |
| Total expenses | 3,602 | | | 3,089 | | | 513 | |
| Income (loss) before income taxes, equity in earnings and noncontrolling interests | 221 | | | (666) | | | 887 | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 77 | | | (146) | | | 223 | |
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities | (41) | | | (45) | | | 4 | |
| Net income (loss) | 185 | | | (475) | | | 660 | |
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (3) | | | (1) | | | (2) | |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | $ | 182 | | | $ | (476) | | | $ | 658 | |
Net revenues decreased $395increased $1,400 million or 15%58% for the six months ended June 30, 20202021 compared with the six months ended June 30, 20192020 driven bylower higher homesale transaction volume at both RealogyFranchise and Brokerage Groups and an increase in volume at Realogy Title Group, in each case due primarily to continued strength in the residential real estate marketBrokerage ,Groups primarily which we attribute to certain beneficial consumer trends supported by other factors, including a favorable mortgage rate environment and low inventory contributing to higher average homesale price. Year-over-year comparisons, on a Company-wide and individual segment basis, also benefited from comparison against the sharp decline in homesale transactions that occurred in the second quarter of 2020 due to factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic.crisis.
Total expenses increased $155$513 million or 6%17% for the first half of 20202021 compared to the first half of 20192020 primarily due to:
•impairmentsa $943 million increase in commission and other sales agent-related costs primarily due to an increase in homesale transaction volume as well as a result of $454 million includinghigher agent commission costs primarily driven by a goodwill impairment chargeshift in mix to more productive, higher compensated agents, the impact of $413 million which reduced the net carrying value of Realogy Brokerage Group by $314 million after accounting for the related income tax benefit of $99 million, an impairment charge of $30 million which reduced the carrying value of trademarks at Realogy Franchise Group (see Note 3, "Goodwillrecruitment and Intangible Assets", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information)retention efforts, and $11 million related to lease asset impairments;business and geographic mix;
•a $17$165 million increase in operating and general and administrative expenses, largely the result of the absence of the benefit of the temporary cost savings measures that were taken in the second quarter of 2020 in response to the COVID-19 crisis and due to higher employee incentive accruals; and
•a $24 million increase in marketing expense primarily due to higher advertising costs as compared to the second quarter of 2020, when such expenses were reduced due to the COVID-19 crisis,
partially offset by:
•impairments of $2 million primarily related to lease assets and software impairments during the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to $540 million in non-cash impairments during the six months ended June 30, 2020.
•a $65 million net increasedecrease in interest expense primarily due to a $21$66 million netdecrease in expense related to our mark-to-market adjustments for our interest rate swaps that resulted in $7 million gains for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to losses of $59 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to losses of $38 million during the same period of 2019, partially offset by a decrease in interest expense due to LIBOR rate decreases; and2020;
•a $7$20 million increasedecrease in restructuring costs,costs;
partially offset by;
•$15 million of gain on the sale of a $215business; and
•an $18 million decrease in commission and other sales agent-related costs primarilyloss on the early extinguishment of debt as a result of the impactrefinancing transactions in January and February 2021 and pay down of lower homesale transaction volume at Realogy Brokerage Group due$150 million of outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan B Facility in April 2021 compared to an $8 million loss on the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by higher agent commission costs primarily driven by retention efforts and a shift in mix as more productive, higher compensated agents completed a higher percentageearly extinguishment of homesale transactions;
•a $77 million decrease in operating and general and administrative expenses primarily due to lower employee-related, occupancy and other operating costsdebt as a result of COVID-19 related cost savings initiatives; and
•a $38 million decrease in marketing expense primarily due to not holding in person meetings and conferences and lower advertising costs due to the COVID-19 pandemic inrefinancing transactions during the first half of 2020 compared to the first half of 2019.2020.
Equity in earnings were $45$41 million for the six months ended June 30, 20202021 compared to earnings of $8$45 million during the same period of 2019 primarily due to an improvement in earnings of Guaranteed Rate Affinity at Realogy Title Group.2020. Equity in earnings for Guaranteed Rate Affinity increased by $37was $38 million, from $7 million inrepresenting approximately 8% of the Company's Operating EBITDA for the first half of 2019 to2021, decreasing by $6 million from $44 million in the first half of 2020 as a2020. The decrease was primarily the result of the lowimpact of mark-to-market adjustments on the mortgage rate environmentloan pipeline as well as margin compression and improved marginsa decline in the venture.refinance volumes, partially offset by strong purchase volume growth. Equity in earnings for Realogy Title Group'sthe Company's other equity method investments remained flat atincreased $2 million from $1 million during the first half of 2020 and 2019.2021 compared with the same period in 2020.
During the six months ended June 30, 2020,2021, we incurred $25$10 million of restructuring costs primarily related to the Company's restructuring program focused on office consolidation and instituting operational efficiencies to drive
profitability. The Company expects the estimated total cost of the plan which began in the first quarter of 2019program to be approximately $81$166 million, with $61$122 million incurred to date.date and $44 million remaining primarily related to future expenses as a result of reducing the leased-office footprints. See Note 6,5, "Restructuring Costs", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
The Company's provision for income taxes in interim periods is computed by applying its estimated annual effective tax rate against the income or loss before income taxes for the period. In addition, non-recurring or discrete items are recorded in the period in which they occur. The provision for income taxes was a benefitan expense of $121$77 million for the six months ended June 30, 20202021 compared to an expensea benefit of $1$146 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019.2020. Our effective tax rate was 23%29% and negative 7%24% for the six months ended June 30, 20202021 and June 30, 2019,2020, respectively. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 20202021 was primarily impacted by items in the first half of 2020 related to the goodwill impairment charge and equity awards for which the market value at vesting was lower than at the date of grant.non-deductible executive compensation.
The following table reflects the results of each of our reportable segments during the six months ended June 30, 20202021 and 2019:2020:
| | | | Revenues (a) | | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA | | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA Margin | | | Change | | Revenues (a) | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA Margin | | Change |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | | | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | | | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | Change | 2021 | | 2020 | | $ Change | %
Change | 2021 | | 2020 | | $ Change | %
Change | 2021 | | 2020 | | Change |
| Realogy Franchise Group | Realogy Franchise Group | $ | 347 | | | $ | 439 | | | $ | (92) | | | (21) | % | | $ | 223 | | | $ | 278 | | | $ | (55) | | | (20) | % | | 64 | % | | 63 | % | | 1 | | Realogy Franchise Group | $ | 601 | | | $ | 447 | | | 154 | | | 34 | | | $ | 365 | | $ | 221 | | 144 | | | 65 | | 61% | 49 | % | 12 | |
| Realogy Brokerage Group | Realogy Brokerage Group | 1,802 | | | 2,147 | | | (345) | | | (16) | | | (36) | | | (15) | | | (21) | | | (140) | | | (2) | | | (1) | | | (1) | | Realogy Brokerage Group | 2,962 | | | 1,802 | | | 1,160 | | | 64 | | | 65 | | | (36) | | | 101 | | | 281 | | 2 | | (2) | | | 4 | |
| Realogy Title Group | Realogy Title Group | 297 | | | 274 | | | 23 | | | 8 | | | 73 | | | 23 | | | 50 | | | 217 | | 25 | | | 8 | | | 17 | | Realogy Title Group | 456 | | | 297 | | | 159 | | | 54 | | | 116 | | | 73 | | | 43 | | | 59 | | 25 | | 25 | | | — | |
| Corporate and Other | Corporate and Other | (123) | | | (142) | | | 19 | | | * | | (51) | | | (49) | | | (2) | | | * | | Corporate and Other | (196) | | | (123) | | | (73) | | | * | | (74) | | | (51) | | | (23) | | | * | |
| Total continuing operations | $ | 2,323 | | | $ | 2,718 | | | $ | (395) | | | (15) | % | | $ | 209 | | | $ | 237 | | | $ | (28) | | | (12) | % | | 9 | % | | 9 | % | | — | | |
| Total Company | | Total Company | $ | 3,823 | | | $ | 2,423 | | | 1,400 | | | 58 | | | $ | 472 | | | $ | 207 | | | 265 | | | 128 | | 12% | | 9 | % | | 3 | |
| | Less: Depreciation and amortization | Less: Depreciation and amortization | | | 91 | | | 84 | | | Less: Depreciation and amortization | | 102 | | | 91 | | |
| Interest expense, net | Interest expense, net | | | 160 | | | 143 | | | Interest expense, net | | 95 | | | 160 | | |
| Income tax (benefit) expense | | | (121) | | | 1 | | | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | | Income tax expense (benefit) | | 77 | | | (146) | | |
| Restructuring costs, net (b) | Restructuring costs, net (b) | | | 25 | | | 18 | | | Restructuring costs, net (b) | | 10 | | | 30 | | |
| Impairments (c) | Impairments (c) | | | 454 | | | 3 | | | Impairments (c) | | 2 | | | 540 | | |
| Former parent legacy cost, net (d) | | Former parent legacy cost, net (d) | | 1 | | | — | | |
| Loss on the early extinguishment of debt (d) | Loss on the early extinguishment of debt (d) | | | 8 | | | 5 | | | Loss on the early extinguishment of debt (d) | | 18 | | | 8 | | |
| Net loss from continuing operations attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | | | (408) | | | (17) | | | |
| Net loss from discontinued operations | | | (68) | | | (13) | | | |
| Net loss attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | | | $ | (476) | | | $ | (30) | | | |
| Gain on the sale of a business (e) | | Gain on the sale of a business (e) | | (15) | | | — | | |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | | Net income (loss) attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | | $ | 182 | | | $ | (476) | | |
_______________
* not meaningful
(a)Includes the elimination of transactions between segments, which consists of intercompany royalties and marketing fees paid by Realogy Brokerage Group of $123$196 million and $142$123 million during the six months ended June 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.
(b)Restructuring charges incurred for the six months ended June 30, 20202021 include $1$3 millionat Realogy Franchise Group, $21$4 million at Realogy Brokerage Group and$3 $3 million at Realogy Title Group.Corporate and Other. Restructuring charges incurred for the six months ended June 30, 20192020 include $1$6 million at Realogy Franchise Group, $10$21 million at Realogy Brokerage Group $2and $3 million at Realogy Title Group and $5 million at Corporate and Other.Group.
(c)Impairments for the six months ended June 30, 2021 primarily relate to lease asset and software impairments. Non-cash impairments for the six months ended June 30, 2020 include include:
•a goodwill impairment charge of $413 million which reduced the net carrying value ofrelated to Realogy Brokerage Group by $314 million after accounting for the related income tax benefitGroup;
•an impairment charge of $30 million which reduced the carrying value of trademarks atrelated to Realogy Franchise Group and $11Group's trademarks;
•$74 million related to lease asset impairments. Impairments forof impairment charges during the six months ended June 30, 2019 relate2020 (while Cartus Relocation Services was held for sale) to reduce the net assets to the estimated proceeds; and
•other asset impairments of $23 million primarily related to lease asset impairments.
(d)Former parent legacy items and Loss on the early extinguishment of debt is recordedare recorded in Corporate and Other.
(e)Gain on the sale of a business is recorded in Realogy Brokerage Group.
As described in the aforementioned table, Operating EBITDA margin for "Total continuing operations"Company" expressed as a percentage of revenues remained flat at 9%increased 3 percentage points to 12% for the six months ended June 30, 20202021 compared to 9% for the same period in 2019. On2020. Operating EBITDA margin for "Total Company", as well as on a segment basis, was negatively impacted by the absence in the second quarter of the benefit of the temporary cost savings measures that were taken in the second quarter of 2020 in response to COVID-19 crisis. Realogy Franchise Group's margin increased 112 percentage pointpoints to 64%61% from 63%49% primarily due to a decreasean increase in employee and other operating costs primarilyroyalty revenue as a result of COVID-19 related cost savings initiatives,an increase in homesale transaction volume, partially offset by a decrease in revenue related to the early termination of third party listing fee agreements. Realogy Brokerage Group's margin decreased 1increased 4 percentage pointpoints to 2% from negative 1% to negative 2% primarily due to higher transaction volume, partially offset by higher agent commission costs primarily driven by retention efforts and a shift in mix asto more productive, higher compensated agents, completed a higher percentagethe impact of homesale transactions, partially offset by lower operating expenses primarily due to COVID-19 related cost savings initiatives.recruiting and retention efforts, as well as business and geographic mix. Realogy Title Group's margin increased 17 percentage pointsremained flat at 25% primarily due to 25% from 8% primarily as a result of an increase in equityresale, underwriter and refinance activity at Realogy Title Group, offset by a decrease in earnings due to an improvementequity in earnings of Guaranteed Rate Affinity, as amostly the result of the lowimpact of mark to market adjustments on the mortgage rate environmentloan pipeline as well as margin compression and improved marginslower refinancing volume, partially offset by strong purchase volume growth.
Corporate and Other Operating EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2021 declined $23 million to negative $74 million, largely the result of the absence in the venture.2021 quarter of the benefit of the temporary cost savings measures that were taken in the second quarter of 2020 in response to the COVID-19 crisis as well as higher employee incentive accruals.
Realogy Franchise and Brokerage Groups on a Combined Basis
The following table reflects Realogy Franchise and Brokerage Group'sGroups' results before the intercompany royalties and marketing fees as well as on a combined basis to show the Operating EBITDA contribution of these business segments to the overall Operating EBITDA of the Company. The Operating EBITDA margin for the combined segments decreased 2increased 4 percentage points from 11%9% to 9%13% primarily due to lowerhigher homesale transaction volume during the first half of 20202021 compared to the first half of 2019:2020:
| | | | Revenues | | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA | | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA Margin | | | Change | | Revenues | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA Margin | | Change |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | | | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | | | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | Change | 2021 | | 2020 | | $ Change | %
Change | 2021 | | 2020 | | $ Change | %
Change | 2021 | | 2020 | | Change |
| Realogy Franchise Group (a) | Realogy Franchise Group (a) | $ | 224 | | | $ | 297 | | | (73) | | | (25) | | | $ | 100 | | | $ | 136 | | | (36) | | | (26) | | | 45 | % | | 46 | % | | (1) | | Realogy Franchise Group (a) | $ | 405 | | | $ | 324 | | | 81 | | | 25 | | $ | 169 | | $ | 98 | | 71 | | | 72 | | 42 | % | 30 | % | 12 | |
| Realogy Brokerage Group (a) | Realogy Brokerage Group (a) | 1,802 | | | 2,147 | | | (345) | | | (16) | | | 87 | | | 127 | | | (40) | | | (31) | | | 5 | | | 6 | | | (1) | | Realogy Brokerage Group (a) | 2,962 | | | 1,802 | | | 1,160 | | | 64 | | 261 | | | 87 | | | 174 | | | 200 | | 9 | | | 5 | | | 4 | |
| Realogy Franchise and Brokerage Groups Combined | Realogy Franchise and Brokerage Groups Combined | $ | 2,026 | | | $ | 2,444 | | | (418) | | | (17) | | | $ | 187 | | | $ | 263 | | | (76) | | | (29) | | | 9 | % | | 11 | % | | (2) | | Realogy Franchise and Brokerage Groups Combined | $ | 3,367 | | | $ | 2,126 | | | 1,241 | | | 58 | | $ | 430 | | | $ | 185 | | | 245 | | | 132 | | | 13 | % | | 9 | % | | 4 | |
_______________
(a)The segment numbers noted above do not reflect the impact of intercompany royalties and marketing fees paid by Realogy Brokerage Group to Realogy Franchise Group of $123$196 million and $142$123 million during the six months ended June 30, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.
Realogy Franchise Group
Revenues decreased $92increased $154 million to $347$601 million and Operating EBITDA decreased $55increased $144 million to $223$365 million for the six months ended June 30, 20202021 compared with the same period in 2019.2020.
Revenues decreased $92increased $154 million primarily as a result of:
•a $26an $88 million decrease in registration revenue and brand marketing fund revenue (associated with the waiver of marketing fees from affiliates in the second quarter of 2020), which had a related expense decrease of $30 million resulting in a net $4 million net positive impact on Operating EBITDA, due to not holding in person meetings and conferences and lower advertising costs due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the first half of 2020 compared to the first half of 2019;
•a $22 million decreaseincrease in third-party domestic franchisee royalty revenue primarily due to a 9% decrease65% increase in homesale transaction volume at Realogy Franchise Group which consisted of a 12% decrease in existing homesale transactions, partially offset by a 4%29% increase in average homesale price;price and a 28% increase in existing homesale transactions;
•an $18a $69 million decreaseincrease in intercompany royalties received from Realogy Brokerage Group; and
•a $15 million increase in brand marketing fund revenue and related expense primarily due to higher advertising costs as compared to the second quarter of 2020, when such expenses were reduced due to the COVID-19 crisis,
partially offset by:
•a $12 million decrease in leads referral revenuesservice and other revenue primarily related to an $18 million net decrease in revenue from our relocation and lead generation operations in the first quarter of 2021, driven by lower volume and referral transactions primarily driven bylargely related to the discontinuationimpact of the USAA affinity program which ceased new enrollments in the third quarter of 2019;COVID-19 pandemic; and
•a $6 million decrease in revenue related to the early termination of third party listing fee agreements; and
•a $5 million decrease in other revenue.agreements.
Realogy Franchise Group revenue includes intercompany royalties received from Realogy Brokerage Group of $119$188 million and $137$119 million during the first half 2020of 2021 and 2019,2020, respectively, which are eliminated in consolidation against the expense reflected in Realogy Brokerage Group's results.
The $55$144 million decreaseincrease in Operating EBITDA was primarily due to the $92$154 million decreaseincrease in revenues discussed above and $10$15 million of higherlower expense for bad debt primarily due to the early termination of third party listing fee agreements.and notes reserves. These Operating EBITDA decreasesincreases were partially offset by the $30$15 million decreaseincrease in registration and brand marketing fund expense discussed above and a $17$10 million decreaseincrease in employee and other operating costs, principally duelargely the result of the absence of the benefit of the temporary cost savings measures that were taken in the second quarter of 2020 in response to the COVID-19 related cost savings initiativescrisis and the discontinuation of the USAA affinity program.due to higher employee incentive accruals.
Realogy Brokerage Group
Revenues decreased $345increased $1,160 million to $1,802$2,962 million and Operating EBITDA decreased $21increased $101 million to negative $36$65 million for the six months ended June 30, 20202021 compared with the same period in 2019.2020.
The revenue decreaseincrease of $345$1,160 million was primarily driven by a 16% decrease68% increase in homesale transaction volume at Realogy Brokerage Group which started in the final weeks of the first quarter due to the COVID-19 pandemic andprimarily consisted of a 14% decrease34% increase in existing homesale transactions and a 2% decrease25% increase in average homesale price. Realogy Brokerage Group's revenue results in the first half of 2021 benefited from continued strength in the residential real estate market, which we attribute to certain beneficial consumer trends supported by other factors, including a favorable mortgage rate environment and low inventory contributing to higher average homesale price.
Operating EBITDA decreased $21increased $101 million primarily due to a $345$1,160 million decreaseincrease in revenues discussed above, partially offset by:
•a $215$943 million decreaseincrease in commission expenses paid to independent sales agents from $1,530 million in the first half of 2019 to $1,315 million in the first half of 2020.2020 to $2,258 million in the first half of 2021. Commission expense decreasedincreased primarily as a result of the impact of lowerhigher homesale transaction volume as discussed above, partially offset byas well as higher agent commission costs primarily driven by retention efforts and a shift in mix asto more productive, higher compensated agents, completed a higher percentagethe impact of homesale transactions;recruiting and retention efforts, as well as business and geographic mix;
•a $70$69 million decrease in employee-related, occupancy costs and other operating costs due to COVID-19 related cost savings initiatives;
•a $21 million decrease in marketing expense due to lower advertising costs as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic; and
•an $18 million decreaseincrease in royalties paid to Realogy Franchise Group from $137$119 million in the first half of 20192020 to $119$188 million in the same period of 20202021 associated with the homesale transaction volume declineincrease as described above.above;
•a $35 million increase in employee-related, occupancy and other operating costs, largely the result of the absence of the benefit of the temporary cost savings measures that were taken in the second quarter of 2020 in response to the COVID-19 crisis and due to higher employee incentive accruals; and
•a $12 million increase in marketing expense primarily due to higher advertising costs as compared to the second quarter of 2020, when such expenses were reduced due to the COVID-19 crisis.
Realogy Title Group
Revenues increased $23$159 million to $297$456 million and Operating EBITDA increased $50$43 million to $73$116 million for the six months ended June 30, 20202021 compared with the same period in 2019.2020.
Revenues increased $23$159 million primarily as a result of a $24$70 million increase in resale revenue due to increased purchase unit activity that benefited from continued strength in the residential real estate market, which we attribute to certain beneficial consumer trends supported by other factors, including a favorable mortgage rate environment and low inventory contributing to higher average homesale price. In addition, there was a $68 million increase in underwriter revenue (including a $60 million increase in underwriter revenue with unaffiliated agents, which had a $7 million net positive impact on Operating EBITDA due to the related expense increase of $53 million), a $17 million increase in refinance revenue due to an increase in activity in the refinance market driven by the favorable interest rate environment and
$4 million in other revenue. Equity earnings or losses related to our minority interest in Guaranteed Rate Affinity are included in the financial results of Realogy Title Group, but are not reported as revenue to Realogy Title Group.
Operating EBITDA increased $43 million primarily as a result of the $159 million increase in revenues discussed above and $6 million unrealized gain on an investment. These increases were partially offset by a $65 million increase in employee and other operating costs largely the result of the absence in the 2021 quarter of the benefit of the temporary cost savings measures that were taken in the second quarter of 2020 in response to the COVID-19 crisis and due to higher variable costs as a result of higher volume and higher employee incentive accruals, and a $20$53 million increase in variable operating costs related to the increase in underwriter revenue with unaffiliated agents which haddiscussed above where the revenue and expense are recorded on a $3 million net positive impact on Operating EBITDA due to the related expense increase of $17 million. These revenue increases were partially offset by a $21 million decrease in resale revenue due to a decline in purchase transactions as result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Operating EBITDA increased $50 million primarily as a result of a $37 million increase ingross basis. In addition, equity in earnings primarily related to Guaranteed Rate Affinity due to the favorable mortgage rate environment and improved margins in the venture, the $3 million net positive impact of underwriter transactions with unaffiliated agents discussed above and a $7 million decrease in employee and other operating costs due to COVID-19 related cost savings initiatives.
Discontinued Operations - Cartus Relocation
Revenues for Cartus Relocation Services decreased $31 million to $100$4 million from $131 million and Operating EBITDA decreased $6 million to negative $2 million from $4$45 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared withto $41 million for the same period in 2019.
Revenues decreased $31 millionsix months ended June 30, 2021 primarily as arelated to Guaranteed Rate Affinity, mostly the result of a $15 million decrease in international revenue due to lower volume and lost business,the impact of mark-to-market adjustments on the mortgage loan pipeline as well as a $9 million decrease in referral revenuemargin compression and an $8 million decrease in other revenue, both of which were primarily driven by lower volume. Beginning in the second half of March 2020, Cartus Relocation Services experienced a decline in new initiations due to the COVID-19 pandemic which continued through the second quarter of 2020 and this trend is expected to continue in the third quarter of 2020 and potentially beyond but to a lesser extent than what we experienced in the second quarter.
Operating EBITDA decreased $6 million due to the revenue decrease discussed above,refinance volumes, partially offset by a decrease in employee and other operating costs primarily due to COVID-19 related cost savings initiatives.strong purchase volume growth.
FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Financial Condition
| | | June 30, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 | | Change | | June 30, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | Change |
| Total assets | Total assets | $ | 7,433 | | | $ | 7,543 | | | $ | (110) | | Total assets | $ | 7,407 | | | $ | 6,934 | | | $ | 473 | |
| Total liabilities | Total liabilities | 5,808 | | | 5,447 | | | 361 | | Total liabilities | 5,401 | | | 5,167 | | | 234 | |
| Total equity | Total equity | 1,625 | | | 2,096 | | | (471) | | Total equity | 2,006 | | | 1,767 | | | 239 | |
For the six months ended June 30, 2020,2021, total assets decreased $110increased $473 million primarily due toto:
•:a $339 million increase in cash and cash equivalents due to cash flows from operations and an increase in corporate debt;
•a $413$108 million decreaseincrease in goodwill as a result of the impairment at Realogy Brokerage Group during the first quarter of 2020;other current and non-current assets; and
•an $84 million increase in trade and relocation receivables primarily due to seasonal increases in volume,
partially offset by:
•a $119 million decrease in assets held for sale;
•a $30 million decrease in trademarks as a result of the impairment of trademarks at Realogy Franchise Group during the first quarter of 2020;
•a $36$46 million net decrease in franchise agreements and other amortizable intangible assets primarily due to amortization;
•a $24 million net decrease in operating lease assets; and
•a $15 million decrease in property and equipment,
partially offset by:
•a $451 million increase in cash and cash equivalents due to additional borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility;
•a $63 million increase in other current and non-current assets primarily related to an increase in our investment in Guaranteed Rate Affinity due to an increase in equity in earnings partially offset by dividends received, an increase in prepaid incentives and an increase in marketable securities due to the reinvestment of certificates of deposit at Realogy Title Group; and
•a $13 million increase in trade receivables primarily due to timing and seasonal volume.
Total liabilities increased $361 million primarily due to:
•a $598 million increase in corporate debt primarily due to a $625 million increase in borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility which included an additional $400 million borrowed in 2020 due to COVID-19 uncertainties and the issuance of $550 million of 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes, partially offset by the redemption of all of the Company's outstanding $550 million 5.25% Senior Notes; and
•a $58 million increase in other non-current liabilities primarily due to mark-to-market adjustments on the Company's interest rate swaps,
partially offset by:
•a $141 million decrease in deferred tax liabilities primarily due to the recognition of an income tax benefit of $99 million related to the goodwill impairment charge during the first quarter of 2020;
•a $125 million decrease in liabilities held for sale;
•an $18 million decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities; andamortization;
•a $13 million decrease in property and equipment; and
•an $11 million decrease in goodwill primarily due to the sale of a business at Realogy Brokerage Group.
Total liabilities increased $234 million primarily due to:
•a $168 million increase in corporate debt;
•a $67 million increase in deferred tax liabilities; and
•a $41 million increase in securitization obligations,
partially offset by:
•a $35 million decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities primarily due to the payment of employee-related liabilities in the first quarter of 2021 which were fully accrued as of December 31, 2020, partially offset by accrued interest; and
•a $6 million decrease in operating lease liabilities.
Total equity decreased $471increased $239 million primarily due to a net lossincome of $476$182 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The loss was2021 and a $56 million increase in additional paid in capital primarily duerelated to impairmentsthe issuance of $454 million in the first half of 2020.Exchangeable Senior Notes for the six months ended June 30, 2021.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have historically satisfied our liquidity needs with cashCash flows from operations, andsupplemented by funds available under our Revolving Credit Facility and securitization facilities.facilities are our primary sources of liquidity. We did not borrow from our Revolving Credit Facility in the first half of 2021. Our primary uses of liquidity needs have been toare debt service our debt and finance ourcombined with working capital and business investment via capital expenditures. We currently expect to prioritize investingusing our cash flows from operations in our2021 for business investment and reducing indebtedness. Accordingly, we discontinued acquiring stock under our share repurchase programs in the first quarter of 2019 and discontinued our quarterly dividend in the fourth quarter of 2019.debt reduction.
WeWhile we are focused on reducing our indebtedness, we continue to be significantly encumbered by our debt obligations. As of June 30, 2020,2021, our total debt, excluding our securitization obligations, was $4,043 million.$3,480 million compared to $3,239 million as of December 31, 2020. Our liquidity position has been and is expected to continue to be negatively impacted by the interest expense on our debt obligations, which could be intensified by a significant increase in LIBOR (or any replacement rate) or ABR.
As notedIn June 2021, the Company issued $403 million principal amount of 0.25% Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2026. In April 2021, the Company used cash on hand to pay down $150 million of outstanding borrowings under Liquidity and Capital Resources Update, our nearest debt maturity is not until early 2023 (other than amortization payments under ourthe Term Loan B Facility. In January and February 2021, Realogy Group entered into refinancing transactions, including the issuance in the aggregate of $900 million of 5.75% Senior Notes due 2029 (the proceeds of which were used to pay down $250 million of the Term Loan A Facility and $655 million of the Term Loan B Facility) and the amendment of the Senior Secured Credit Agreement and Term Loan A Facilities) as we redeemed allAgreement (the "2021 Amendments"). The 2021 Amendments provide for the extension of our outstanding 5.25% Senior Notesthe maturity of a portion of the remaining balance of the Term Loan A facility from 2023 to 2025 and the extension of the maturity of a portion of the Revolving Credit Facility from 2023 to 2025, in June 2020 usingeach case subject to certain earlier springing maturity dates. See Note 4, "Short and Long-Term Debt", to the proceeds from our 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes, together with cash on hand.Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
At June 30, 20202021, we were in compliance with the financial covenant in each of the Senior Secured Credit Agreement and the Term Loan A Agreement with a senior secured leverage of 3.29 to 1.00 (Agreement. as compared to the maximum ratio then permitted of 4.75 to 1.00) with secured debt (net of readily available cash) of $2,026 million and trailing four quarters EBITDA calculated on a Pro Forma Basis (as those terms are defined in the credit agreement governing the Senior Secured Credit Facility) of $616 million.
Following our entry into the Amendments on July 24, 2020, the financial covenant contained in each of the Senior Secured Credit Agreement and Term Loan A Agreement has been eased to require that Realogy Group maintain a senior secured leverage ratio not to exceed 6.50 to 1.00 commencing with the third quarter of 2020 through and including the second quarter of 2021 and thereafter will step down on a quarterly basis to 4.75 to 1.00 (which was the applicable level prior to the effectiveness of the Amendments) on and after the second quarter of 2022.
The Amendments do not change either the commitments or pricing applicable to our Senior Secured Credit Facility (which includes our Revolving Credit Facility) or Term Loan A Facility.
The Amendments tighten certain other covenants during the period commencing on July 24, 2020 until we issue our financial results for the third quarter of 2021 and concurrently deliver an officer’s certificate to our lenders showing compliance with the quarterly financial covenant, subject to earlier termination (the “covenant period”). If Realogy Group’s senior secured leverage ratio does not exceed 5.50 to 1.00 for the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2021, the covenant period will end at the time we deliver the compliance certificate to the lenders for such period; however, in either instance, the gradual step down in the senior secured leverage ratio, as described above, will continue to apply.The covenants revised during the covenant period include the reduction or elimination of the amount available for certain types of additional indebtedness, liens, restricted payments (including dividends and stock repurchases), investments (including acquisitions and joint ventures), and voluntary junior debt repayments.
We also may elect to end the covenant period at any time, provided the senior secured leverage ratio does not exceed 4.75 to 1.00 as of the most recently ended quarter for which financial statements have been delivered. In such event, the leverage ratio will reset to the pre-Amendment level of 4.75 to 1.00 thereafter.
We believe that we will continue to be in compliance with the senior secured leverage ratio and meet our cash flow needs during the next twelve months.
For additional information, see below under the header "Financial Obligations—Covenants under the Senior Secured Credit Facility, Term Loan A Facility and Indentures".
We will continue to evaluate potential refinancing and financing transactions, subject to the Amendments during the covenant period, including refinancing certain tranches of our indebtedness and extending maturities, among other potential alternatives, such public or private placements of our common stock or preferred stock (either of which could, among other things, dilute our current stockholders and materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock).alternatives. There can be no assurance as to which, if any, of these alternatives we may pursue as the choice of any alternative will depend upon numerous factors such as market conditions, our financial performance and the limitations applicable to such transactions under our existing financing agreements and the consents we may need to obtain under the relevant documents. Financing may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. Any future indebtedness may impose various additional restrictions and covenants on us which could limit our ability to respond to market conditions, to make capital investments or to take advantage of business opportunities.
SubjectHistorically, operating results and revenues for all of our businesses have been strongest in the second and third quarters of the calendar year, although the strong recovery in the second half of 2020 resulted in higher than historic operating results and revenues in the fourth quarter of 2020 and first quarter of 2021. A significant portion of the expenses we incur in our real estate brokerage operations are related to the restrictions against voluntarymarketing activities and commissions and therefore, are variable. However, many of our other expenses, such as interest payments, of junior debt that apply to usfacilities costs and certain personnel-related costs, are fixed and cannot be reduced during the covenant periodseasonal fluctuations in the business. Consequently, our need to borrow under the Amendments, weRevolving Credit Facility and corresponding debt balances are generally at their highest levels at or around the end of the first quarter of every year.
We may from time to time seek to repurchase our outstanding Unsecured Notes, or 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes, Exchangeable Senior Notes or term loans through, as applicable, tender offers, open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such
repurchases, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors.
Under the Amendments, we are restricted from making certain restricted payments, including dividend payments or share repurchases during the covenant period. The covenants in the indentures governing the 9.375% Senior Notes and 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes further restrict our ability to make dividend payments or repurchase shares in any amount until the Company's consolidated leverage ratio is below 4.00 to 1.00. See Note 5, "Short and Long-Term Debt", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
In addition, we are required to pay quarterly amortization payments for the Extended Term Loan A and Term Loan B facilities.Facility. Remaining payments for 20202021 total $19$3 million and $5 million for the Extended Term Loan A and Term Loan B facilities,Facility, respectively, and we expect payments for 20212022 to total $51$10 million and $11 million for the Extended Term Loan A and Term Loan B facilities,Facility, respectively.
We have historically utilized net operating losses to offset the majority of our federal and state income tax payments. Based upon current financial projections, we expect that we will utilize the majority of our remaining net operating losses during 2021.
If the recovery of the residential real estate market were to materially slow or reverse itself, if the economy as a whole does not improve or continuesif the broader real estate industry (including REITs, commercial and rental markets) were to weaken,experience a significant downturn, our business, financial condition and liquidity may be materially adversely affected, including our ability to access capital, grow our business and return capital to stockholders.
Cash Flows
At June 30, 2020,2021, we had $686$866 million of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, an increase of $451$343 million compared to the balance of $235$523 million at December 31, 2019.2020. The following table summarizes our cash flows from continuing operations for the six months ended June 30, 20202021 and 2019:2020:
| | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | | Six Months Ended June 30, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | Change | | 2021 | | 2020 | | Change |
| Cash provided by (used in) activities from continuing operations: | | | | | | |
| Cash provided by (used in): | | Cash provided by (used in): | | | | | |
| Operating activities | Operating activities | $ | 35 | | | $ | 113 | | | $ | (78) | | Operating activities | $ | 186 | | | $ | 33 | | | $ | 153 | |
| Investing activities | Investing activities | (55) | | | (58) | | | 3 | | Investing activities | (51) | | | (63) | | | 12 | |
| Financing activities | Financing activities | 571 | | | 70 | | | 501 | | Financing activities | 208 | | | 468 | | | (260) | |
| Effects of change in exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | | Effects of change in exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | | Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 343 | | | $ | 438 | | | $ | (95) | |
For the six months ended June 30, 2020, $782021, $153 millionless more cash was provided by operatingoperating activities from continuing operations compared to the same periodperiod in 20192020 principally due to:
•$275 million more cash provided by operating results; and
•$6316 million more cash from dividends received primarily from Guaranteed Rate Affinity,
partially offset by:
•$89 million less cash provided by the net change in relocation and trade receivables;
•$34 million more cash used for accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities;
•$63 million less cash provided by operating results; and
•$79 million more cash used for other operating activities,
partially offset by:
•$30 million more cash provided by the net change in trade receivables;
•$21 million more cash dividends received primarily from Guaranteed Rate Affinity;activities; and
•$46 million lessmore cash used for other assets.
For the six months ended June 30, 2020,2021, we used $3$12 million less cash for investing activities from continuing operations compared to the same period in 20192020 primarily due to:
•$915 million of cash proceeds from the sale of business; and
•$3 million less cash used for property and equipment additions; andother investing activities,
•$8partially offset by $5 million lessmore cash used for investments in unconsolidated entities,entities.
partially offset by $14 million more cash used for other investing activities primarily due to the reinvestment of certificates of deposit.
For the six months ended June 30, 2020, $5712021, $208 million of of cash wasprovided by financingfinancing activitiesfrom continuing operations compared to $70$468 million of cash provided during the same period in 2019.2020. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, $208 million of cash was provided by financing activities as follows:
•$201 million of cash provided as a result of finance transactions primarily from the issuance of the Exchangeable Senior Notes, which included payments for purchase of exchangeable note hedge and proceeds from issuance of warrants, partially offset by a partial pay down of outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan B Facility, in the second quarter of 2021; and
•$40 million net increase in securitization borrowings,
partially offset by :
•$18 million of other financing payments primarily related to finance leases and contracts;
•$9 million of tax payments related to net share settlement for stock-based compensation; and
•$6 million of quarterly amortization payments on the term loan facilities.
For the six months ended June 30, 2020, $571$468 million of cash was provided by financing activities from continuing operations related to $625 million of additional borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, partially offset by:
•$92 million net decrease in securitization borrowings;
•$26 million of other financing payments primarily related to finance leases;
•$19 million of quarterly amortization payments on the term loan facilities;
•$15 million of cash paid as a result of the refinancing transactions in the second quarter of 2020;
•$15 million of other financing payments primarily related to finance leases; and
•$5 million of tax payments related to net share settlement for stock-based compensation.
For the six months ended June 30, 2019, $70 million of cash provided by financing activities from continuing operations related to:
•$87 million of cash received as a result of the refinancing transactions in the first quarter of 2019; and
•$60 million of additional borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility,
partially offset by:
•$21 million of dividend payments;
•$20 million for the repurchase of our common stock;
•$15 million of quarterly amortization payments on the term loan facilities;
•$13 million of other financing payments primarily related to finance leases; and
•$6 million of tax payments related to net share settlement for stock-based compensation.
Financial Obligations
See Note 5,4, "Short and Long-Term Debt", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, for information on the Company's indebtedness as of June 30, 2020.
Issuance of $550 million of 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes and Redemption of $550 million of 5.25% Senior Notes
In June 2020, we issued $550 million 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes due in June 2025. We used the entire net proceeds from the offering, together with cash on hand, to fund the redemption of all of our outstanding 5.25% Senior Notes due 2021, and to pay related interest, premium, fees, and expenses.2021.
LIBOR Transition
In July 2017,LIBOR is the Financial Conduct Authority,subject of recent national, international and other regulatory guidance and proposals for reform. As a result of concerns about the UK regulator responsible for the oversightaccuracy of the London Interbank Offering Rate ("LIBOR"), announced that it would no longer requirecalculation of LIBOR, a number of British Bankers’ Association member banks entered into settlements with certain regulators and law enforcement agencies with respect to participatethe alleged manipulation of LIBOR, and LIBOR and other "benchmark" rates are subject to ongoing national and international regulatory scrutiny and reform. The cessation date for submission and publication of rates for certain tenors of LIBOR has since been extended by the ICE Benchmark Administration until mid-2023. In response to concerns regarding the future of LIBOR, the United States Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of large U.S. financial institutions, is considering replacing LIBOR submission process and would cease oversight over the rate after the end of 2021. Various industry groups continue to discuss replacement benchmark rates, the process for amending existing LIBOR-based contracts, and the potential economic impacts of different alternatives. For example, in thewith a new index calculated by short-term repurchase agreements, backed by U.S., a proposed replacement benchmark rate is Treasury securities: the Secured Overnight FundingFinancing Rate, (SOFR), which isor "SOFR." We are unable to predict whether SOFR will attain market traction as a LIBOR replacement or the impact of other reforms, whether currently enacted or enacted in the future. Any new benchmark rate, including SOFR, will likely not replicate LIBOR exactly and if future rates based upon a successor rate are higher than LIBOR rates as currently determined, it could result in an overnightincrease in the cost of our variable rate basedindebtedness and may have a material adverse effect on secured financing, although uncertainty exists as to the transition processour financial condition and broad acceptanceresults of SOFR as the primary alternative to LIBOR.operations.
Our primary interest rate exposure is interest rate fluctuations, specifically with respect to LIBOR, due to its impact on our variable rate borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facility (for our Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan B)B Facility) and the Term Loan A Facility (for our Term Loan A).Facility. As of June 30, 2020,2021, we had interest rate swaps based on LIBOR with a notional value of $1,600$1,000 million to manage a portion of our exposure to changes in interest rates associated with our variable rate borrowings.
At this time, it is not possible to predict the effect of any changes to LIBOR, any phase out of LIBOR or any establishment of alternative benchmark rates. LIBOR may disappear entirely or perform differently than in the past. Any new benchmark rate will likely not replicate LIBOR exactly and if future rates based upon a successor rate (or a new method of calculating LIBOR) are higher than LIBOR rates as currently determined, it could result in an increase in the cost of our variable rate indebtedness and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Covenants under the Senior Secured Credit Facility, Term Loan A Facility and Indentures
The Senior Secured Credit Agreement, Term Loan A Agreement, and the indentures governing the Unsecured Notes and 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes contain various covenants that limit (subject to certain exceptions) Realogy Group’s ability to, among other things:
•incur or guarantee additional debt or issue disqualified stock or preferred stock;
•pay dividends or make distributions to Realogy Group’s stockholders, including Realogy Holdings;
•repurchase or redeem capital stock;
•make loans, investments or acquisitions;
•incur restrictions on the ability of certain of Realogy Group's subsidiaries to pay dividends or to make other payments to Realogy Group;
•enter into transactions with affiliates;
•create liens;
•merge or consolidate with other companies or transfer all or substantially all of Realogy Group's and its material subsidiaries' assets;
•transfer or sell assets, including capital stock of subsidiaries; and
•prepay, redeem or repurchase subordinated indebtedness.
Pursuant to the Amendments to the Senior Secured Credit Agreement and Term Loan A Agreement, certain of these restrictions were tightened, including reducing (or eliminating) the amount available for certain types of additional indebtedness, liens, restricted payments (including dividends and stock repurchases), investments (including acquisitions and joint ventures), and voluntary junior debt repayments. Under the Amendments, we are permitted during the covenant period to obtain up to $50 million of additional credit facilities on a combined basis (less any amounts previously incurred under this provision) from lenders reasonably satisfactory to the administrative agent and us, without the consent of the existing lenders under the Senior Secured Credit Agreement or Term Loan A Agreement. In addition, during the covenant period under the Amendments, our ability to issue senior secured or unsecured notes is limited to the use of financings junior to our first lien debt to refinance the Unsecured Notes or 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes.
As a result of the covenants to which we remain subject, we are limited in the manner in which we conduct our business and we may be unable to engage in favorable business activities or finance future operations or capital needs. In addition, the Senior Secured Credit Agreement and Term Loan A Agreement require us to maintain a senior secured leverage ratio. We are further restricted under the indentures governing the 9.375% Senior Notes and 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes from making restricted payments, including our ability to issue dividends in excess of $45 million per calendar year or our ability to repurchase shares in any amount for so long as our consolidated leverage ratio is equal to or greater than 4.00 to 1.00 and then (unless that ratio falls below 3.00 to 1.00) only to the extent of available cumulative credit, as defined under those indentures.
Senior Secured Leverage Ratio applicable to our Senior Secured Credit Facility and Term Loan A Facility
The senior secured leverage ratio is tested quarterly. Prior to the Amendments (including at June 30, 2020), the senior secured leverage ratio couldquarterly and may not exceed 4.75 to 1.00. Pursuant to the Amendments, the financial covenant contained in each of the Senior Secured Credit Agreement and Term Loan A Agreement has been amended to require that Realogy Group maintain a senior secured leverage ratio not to exceed 6.50 to 1.00 commencing with the third quarter of 2020 through and including the second quarter of 2021 and thereafter will step down on a quarterly basis to 4.75 to 1.00 (which was the applicable level prior to the effectiveness of the Amendments) on and after the second quarter of 2022.
The senior secured leverage ratio is measured by dividing Realogy Group's total senior secured net debt by the trailing four quarters EBITDA calculated on a Pro Forma Basis, as those terms are defined in the Senior Secured Credit Agreement. Total senior secured net debt does not include the 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes, our unsecured indebtedness, including the Unsecured Notes and
Exchangeable Senior Notes, or the securitization obligations. EBITDA calculated on a Pro Forma Basis, as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Agreement, includes adjustments to EBITDA for restructuring, retention and disposition costs, former parent legacy cost (benefit) items, net, loss (gain) on the early extinguishment of debt, non-cash charges and incremental securitization interest costs, as well as pro forma cost savings for restructuring initiatives, the pro forma effect of business optimization initiatives and the pro forma effect of acquisitions and new franchisees, in each case calculated as of the beginning of the trailing four-quarter period. The Company was in compliance with the senior secured leverage ratio covenant at June 30, 2020.2021.
A reconciliation of net loss(loss) income attributable to Realogy Group to Operating EBITDA including discontinued operations and EBITDA calculated on a Pro Forma Basis, as those terms are defined in the Senior Secured Credit Agreement, for the four-quarter period ended June 30, 20202021 is set forth in the following table:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Less | | Equals | | Plus | | Equals |
| Year Ended | | Six Months Ended | | Six Months Ended | | Six Months Ended | | Twelve Months
Ended |
| December 31,
2019 | | June 30,
2019 | | December 31,
2019 | | June 30,
2020 | | June 30,
2020 |
| Net loss attributable to Realogy Group (a) | $ | (188) | | | $ | (30) | | | $ | (158) | | | $ | (476) | | | $ | (634) | |
| Income tax (benefit) expense | (22) | | | 1 | | | (23) | | | (121) | | | (144) | |
| Loss before income taxes | (210) | | | (29) | | | (181) | | | (597) | | | (778) | |
| Depreciation and amortization | 169 | | | 84 | | | 85 | | | 91 | | | 176 | |
| Interest expense, net | 249 | | | 143 | | | 106 | | | 160 | | | 266 | |
| Restructuring costs, net | 42 | | | 18 | | | 24 | | | 25 | | | 49 | |
| Impairments | 249 | | | 3 | | | 246 | | | 454 | | | 700 | |
| Former parent legacy cost, net | 1 | | | — | | | 1 | | | — | | | 1 | |
| (Gain) loss on the early extinguishment of debt | (5) | | | 5 | | | (10) | | | 8 | | | (2) | |
| Income statement impact of discontinued operations | 95 | | | 17 | | | 78 | | | 66 | | | 144 | |
| Operating EBITDA including discontinued operations (b) | 590 | | | 241 | | | 349 | | | 207 | | | 556 | |
| Bank covenant adjustments: | | | | | | | | | |
| Operating EBITDA for discontinued operations (c) | | | | | | | | | (22) | |
| Pro forma effect of business optimization initiatives (d) | | | | | | | | | 44 | |
| Non-cash charges (e) | | | | | | | | | 29 | |
| Pro forma effect of acquisitions and new franchisees (f) | | | | | | | | | 6 | |
| Costs expensed related to the disposition | | | | | | | | | 3 | |
| EBITDA as defined by the Senior Secured Credit Agreement | | | | | | | | | $ | 616 | |
| Total senior secured net debt (g) | | | | | | | | | $ | 2,026 | |
| Senior secured leverage ratio | | | | | | | | | 3.29 | x |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Less | | Equals | | Plus | | Equals |
| Year Ended | | Six Months Ended | | Six Months Ended | | Six Months Ended | | Twelve Months
Ended |
| December 31,
2020 | | June 30,
2020 | | December 31,
2020 | | June 30,
2021 | | June 30,
2021 |
| Net (loss) income attributable to Realogy Group (a) | $ | (360) | | | $ | (476) | | | $ | 116 | | | $ | 182 | | | $ | 298 | |
| Income tax (benefit) expense | (104) | | | (146) | | | 42 | | | 77 | | | 119 | |
| (Loss) income before income taxes | (464) | | | (622) | | | 158 | | | 259 | | | 417 | |
| Depreciation and amortization | 186 | | | 91 | | | 95 | | | 102 | | | 197 | |
| Interest expense, net | 246 | | | 160 | | | 86 | | | 95 | | | 181 | |
| Restructuring costs, net | 67 | | | 30 | | | 37 | | | 10 | | | 47 | |
| Impairments | 682 | | | 540 | | | 142 | | | 2 | | | 144 | |
| Former parent legacy cost, net | 1 | | | — | | | 1 | | | 1 | | | 2 | |
| Loss on the early extinguishment of debt | 8 | | | 8 | | | — | | | 18 | | | 18 | |
| Gain on the sale of a business | — | | | — | | | — | | | (15) | | | (15) | |
| Operating EBITDA (b) | 726 | | | 207 | | | 519 | | | 472 | | | 991 | |
| Bank covenant adjustments: | | |
| Pro forma effect of business optimization initiatives (c) | | 45 | |
| Non-cash charges (d) | | 26 | |
| Pro forma effect of acquisitions and new franchisees (e) | | 5 | |
| Incremental securitization interest costs (f) | | 3 | |
| Costs expensed related to the disposition | | (3) | |
| EBITDA as defined by the Senior Secured Credit Agreement | | $ | 1,067 | |
| Total senior secured net debt (g) | | $ | (4) | |
| Senior secured leverage ratio | | 0.00 | x |
_______________
(a)Net loss(loss) income attributable to Realogy consists of: (i) lossincome of $113$98 million for the third quarter of 2019,2020, (ii) lossincome of $45$18 million for the fourth quarter of 2019,2020, (iii) lossincome of $462$33 million for the first quarter of 20202021 and (iv) lossincome of $14$149 million for the second quarter of 2020.2021.
(b)Consists of Operating EBITDA including discontinued operationsconsists of: (i) $223$313 million for the third quarter of 2019,2020, (ii) $126$206 million for the fourth quarter of 2019,2020, (iii) $32$162 million for the first quarter of 20202021 and (iv) $175$310 million for the second quarter of 2020.2021.
(c)Represents the Operating EBITDA for Cartus Relocation. If the Operating EBITDA of Cartus Relocation were to be included in EBITDA as defined by the Senior Secured Credit Agreement, the Senior Secured Leverage Ratio would improve to 3.18x from 3.29x.
(d)Represents the four-quarter pro forma effect of business optimization initiatives.
(e)(d)Represents the elimination of non-cash expenses including $24$43 million of stock-based compensation expense less $9 million of other items, $5 million of foreign exchange benefits and$5 $3 million for the change in the allowance for doubtful accounts and notes reserves forfor the four-quarter period ended June 30, 2020.2021.
(f)(e)Represents the estimated impact of acquisitions and franchise sales activity, net of brokerages that exited our franchise system as if these changes had occurred on July 1, 2019.2020. Franchisee sales activity is comprised of new franchise agreements as well as growth through acquisitions and independent sales agent recruitment by existing franchisees with our assistance. We have made a number of assumptions in calculating such estimates and there can be no assurance that we would have generated the projected levels of Operating EBITDA had we owned the acquired entities or entered into the franchise contracts as of July 1, 2019.2020.
(f)Incremental borrowing costs incurred as a result of the securitization facilities refinancing for the twelve months ended June 30, 2021.
(g)Represents total borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facility (including the Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan B Facility) and Term Loan A Facility and borrowings secured by a first priority lien on our assets of $2,571$670 million plus $34$27 million of finance lease obligations less $579$701 million of readily available cash as of June 30, 2020.2021. Pursuant to the terms of our senior secured credit facilities, total senior secured net debt does not include our securitization obligations, 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes or unsecured indebtedness, including the Unsecured Notes and Exchangeable Senior Notes.
Consolidated Leverage Ratio applicable to our 9.375% Senior Notes and 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes
The consolidated leverage ratio is measured by dividing Realogy Group's total net debt by the trailing four quarter EBITDA. EBITDA, as defined in the indentures governing the 9.375% Senior Notes and 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes, is substantially similar to EBITDA calculated on a Pro Forma Basis for the period presented, as those terms are defined in the Senior Secured Credit Agreement. Net debt under the indentureindentures is Realogy Group's total indebtedness (excluding securitizations) less (i) its cash and cash equivalents in excess of restricted cash and (ii) a $200 million seasonality adjustment permitted when measuring the ratio on a date during the period of March 1 to May 31.
The consolidated leverage ratio under the indentures governing the 9.375% Senior Notes and 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes for the four-quarter period ended June 30, 20202021 is set forth in the following table:
| | | | | | | | |
| | As of June 30, 20202021 |
RevolverNon-extended Revolving Credit Commitment | | $ | 815— | |
| Extended Revolving Credit Commitment | | — | |
| Non-extended Term Loan A | | 703197 | |
| Extended Term Loan A | | 236 | |
| Term Loan B | | 1,053237 | |
| 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes | | 550 | |
| 4.875% Senior Notes | | 407 | |
| 9.375% Senior Notes | | 550 | |
| 5.75% Senior Notes | | 900 | |
| 0.25% Exchangeable Senior Notes | | 403 | |
| Finance lease obligations | | 3427 | |
| Corporate Debt (excluding securitizations) | | 4,1123,507 | |
| Less: Cash and cash equivalents | | 686859 | |
Net debt under the indentureindentures governing the 9.375% Senior Notes and 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes | | $ | 3,4262,648 | |
| | |
EBITDA as defined under the indentureindentures governing the 9.375% Senior Notes and 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes (a) | | $ | 6161,067 | |
| | |
Consolidated leverage ratio under the indentureindentures governing the 9.375% Senior Notes and 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes | | 5.62.5 | x |
_______________
(a)As set forth in the immediately preceding table, for the four-quarter period ended June 30, 2020,2021, EBITDA, as defined under the indentures governing the 9.375% Senior Notes and 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes, was the same as EBITDA calculated on a Pro Forma Basis, as those terms are defined in the Senior Secured Credit Agreement.
At June 30, 2021 the amount of the Company's cumulative credit under the 9.375% Senior Notes and 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes was approximately $588 million. At June 30, 2021, the cumulative credit basket available for restricted payments was approximately $547 million under the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes and approximately $567 million under the indenture governing 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes.
See Note 5,4, "Short and Long-Term Debt—Senior Secured Credit Facility", "—Facility and Term Loan A Facility", and "—Unsecured Notes" and "— Senior Secured Second Lien Notes", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
At June 30, 2020 the amount
56
Table of the Company's cumulative credit under the 9.375% Senior Notes and 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes was approximately $129 million. Under the terms of the indentures governing the 9.375% Senior Notes and 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes, theContents Company may utilize its cumulative credit to make restricted payments when the Company's consolidated leverage ratio is less than 4.00 to 1.00, provided that any such restricted payments will reduce the amount of cumulative credit available for future restricted payments. The Company made approximately $21 million in dividend payments in 2019 after the issuance of the 9.375% Senior Notes (but prior to the issuance of the 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes) and accordingly at June 30, 2020, the cumulative credit basket available for restricted payments was approximately $108 million under the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes and approximately $129 million under the indenture governing 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes. However, neither of these baskets may generally be utilized until the Company's consolidated leverage ratio is less than 4.0 to 1.0. In any event, during the covenant period under the Amendments to the Senior Secured Credit Facility and Term Loan A Facility, the Company is generally restricted from making restricted payments. Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The SEC has adopted rules to regulate the use in filings with the SEC and in public disclosures of "non-GAAP financial measures," such as Operating EBITDA. These measures are derived on the basis of methodologies other than in accordance with GAAP.
Operating EBITDA is defined by us as net income (loss) before depreciation and amortization, interest expense, net (other than relocation services interest for securitization assets and securitization obligations), income taxes, and other items that are not core to the operating activities of the Company such as restructuring charges,
former parent legacy items, gains or losses on the early extinguishment of debt, impairments, gains or losses on discontinued operations and gains or losses on the sale of investments or other assets. Operating EBITDA is our primary non-GAAP measure.
We present Operating EBITDA because we believe it is useful as a supplemental measure in evaluating the performance of our operating businesses and provides greater transparency into our results of operations. Our management, including our chief operating decision maker, uses Operating EBITDA as a factor in evaluating the performance of our business. Operating EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income or other statement of operations data prepared in accordance with GAAP.
We believe Operating EBITDA facilitates company-to-company operating performance comparisons by backing out potential differences caused by variations in capital structures (affecting net interest expense), taxation, the age and book depreciation of facilities (affecting relative depreciation expense) and the amortization of intangibles, as well as other items that are not core to the operating activities of the Company such as restructuring charges, gains or losses on the early extinguishment of debt, former parent legacy items, impairments, gains or losses on discontinued operations and gains or losses on the sale of investments or other assets, which may vary for different companies for reasons unrelated to operating performance. We further believe that Operating EBITDA is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in their evaluation of companies, many of which present an Operating EBITDA measure when reporting their results.
Operating EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider Operating EBITDA either in isolation or as a substitute for analyzing our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:
•this measure does not reflect changes in, or cash required for, our working capital needs;
•this measure does not reflect our interest expense (except for interest related to our securitization obligations), or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on our debt;
•this measure does not reflect our income tax expense or the cash requirements to pay our taxes;
•this measure does not reflect historical cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;
•although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often require replacement in the future, and this measure does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements; and
•other companies may calculate this measure differently so they may not be comparable.
Operating EBITDA including discontinued operations includes Operating EBITDA, as defined above plus the Operating EBITDA contribution from discontinued operations on the same basis.
Contractual Obligations
Other than the Company's debt transactions which occurred during the second quarter of 2020, resulting in the issuance of $550$403 million of 7.625% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes due 2025 and the redemption of $550 million of 5.25%Exchangeable Senior Notes duein June 2021, and the Company's draw on the Revolving Credit Facility during the first quarter of 2020 as described in Note 5, "Short and Long-Term Debt", included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, the Company's future contractual obligations as of June 30, 20202021 have not changed materially from the amounts reported on the "Contractual Obligations Update" table in our 20192020 Form 10-K.10-K, which included the Company's debt transactions on a pro forma basis that occurred during the first quarter of 2021, as described in Note 4, "Short and Long-Term Debt", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Critical Accounting Policies
In presenting our financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported therein. Several of the estimates and assumptions we are required to make relate to matters that are inherently uncertain as they pertain to future events. However, events that are outside of our control cannot be predicted and, as such, they cannot be contemplated in evaluating such estimates and assumptions. If there is a significant unfavorable change to current conditions, it could result in a material adverse impact to
our combined results of operations, financial position and liquidity. We believe that the estimates and assumptions we used when preparing our financial statements were the most appropriate at that time.
These Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019,2020, which includes a
description of our critical accounting policies that involve subjective and complex judgments that could potentially affect reported results.
Impairment of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets
See Note 3, "GoodwillGoodwill represents the excess of acquisition costs over the fair value of the net tangible assets and Intangible Assets",identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Other indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of trademarks acquired in business combinations. Goodwill and other indefinite-lived assets are not amortized, but are subject to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion on impairment testing. The aggregate carrying values of our goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets were $2,899 million and $710 million, respectively, at June 30, 2021 and are subject to an impairment assessment annually as of October 1, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be fully recoverable. This assessment compares carrying values of the goodwill reporting units and other indefinite lived intangible assets to their respective fair values and, when appropriate, the carrying value is reduced to fair value.
In testing goodwill, the fair value of each reporting unit is estimated using the income approach, a discounted cash flow approach. For the other indefinite lived intangible assets, fair value is estimated using the relief from royalty method. Management utilizes long-term cash flow forecasts and the Company's annual operating plans adjusted for terminal value assumptions. The fair value of the Company's reporting units and other indefinite lived intangible assets are determined utilizing the best estimate of future revenues, operating expenses, including commission expense, market and general economic conditions, trends in the industry, as well as assumptions that management believes marketplace participants would utilize including discount rates, cost of capital, trademark royalty rates, and long-term growth rates. The trademark royalty rate was determined by reviewing similar trademark agreements with third parties. Although management believes that assumptions are reasonable, actual results may vary significantly. These impairment assessments involve the use of accounting estimates and assumptions, changes in which could materially impact our financial condition or operating performance if actual results differ from such estimates and assumptions. To address this uncertainty, a sensitivity analysis is performed on key estimates and assumptions.
Significant negative industry or economic trends, disruptions to our business, unexpected significant changes or planned changes in use of the assets, a decrease in our business results, growth rates that fall below our assumptions, divestitures, and a sustained decline in our stock price and market capitalization may have a negative effect on the fair values and key valuation assumptions. Such changes could result in changes to our estimates of our fair value and a material impairment of goodwill or other indefinite-lived intangible assets. Management considered these factors and does not believe that it was more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
The SEC issued a final rule on Management’s Discussion and Analysis, Selected Financial Data, and Supplementary Financial Information adopting amendments to modernize, simplify, and enhance certain financial disclosure requirements in Regulation S-K. In summary, the amendments eliminate the requirement to provide selected financial data in Item 301, replace the requirement for tabular supplementary financial information in Item 302 with a principles-based disclosure requirement regarding material retrospective changes and make amendments to Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) in Item 303 intended to eliminate duplicative disclosures and modernize and enhance MD&A disclosures for the benefit of investors, while simplifying compliance efforts for registrants. The amendments became effective on February 10, 2021 and companies are required to comply with the amendments beginning with the first fiscal year that ends on or after the date that is 210 days after publication in the Federal Register (which was on January 11, 2021). Therefore, the Company will not be required to comply with the amended rules until its 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The rules may be applied early on an Item by Item basis as long as all of the amendments within an Item comply.
See Note 1, "Basis of Presentation", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of recently issued FASB accounting pronouncements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks.
We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates primarily through our senior secured debt. At June 30, 2020,2021, our primary interest rate exposure was to interest rate fluctuations, specifically LIBOR, due to its impact on our variable rate borrowings of our Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan B Facility under the Senior Secured Credit Facility and the Term Loan A Facility. Given that our borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facility and Term Loan A Facility are generally based upon LIBOR, this rate (or any replacement rate) will be the Company's primary market risk exposure for the foreseeable future. We do not have significant exposure to foreign currency risk nor do we expect to have significant exposure to foreign currency risk in the foreseeable future.
We assess our market risk based on changes in interest rates utilizing a sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis measures the potential impact on earnings, fair values and cash flows based on a hypothetical change (increase and decrease) in interest rates. We exclude the fair values of relocation receivables and advances and securitization borrowings from our sensitivity analysis because we believe the interest rate risk on these assets and liabilities is mitigated as the rate we earn on relocation receivables and advances and the rate we incur on our securitization borrowings are based on similar variable indices.
At June 30, 2020,2021, we had variable interest rate long-term debt outstanding under our Senior Secured Credit Facility and Term Loan A Facility of $2,571 million.$670 million, which excludes $147 million of securitization obligations. The weighted average interest rate on the outstanding amounts under our Senior Secured Credit Facility and Term Loan A Facility at June 30, 20202021 was 2.65%2.26%. The interest rate with respect to the Term Loan B Facility is based on adjusted LIBOR plus 2.25% (with a LIBOR floor of 0.75%). The interest rates with respect to the Revolving Credit Facility and term loans under the Term Loan A Facility are based on adjusted LIBOR plus an additional margin subject to adjustment based on the current senior secured leverage ratio. Based on the June 30, 20202021 senior secured leverage ratio, the LIBOR margin was 2.25%1.75%. At June 30, 2020,2021, the one-month LIBOR rate was 0.16%0.10%; therefore, we have estimated that a 0.25% increase in LIBOR would have a $4$1 million impact on our annual interest expense.
As of June 30, 2020,2021, we had interest rate swaps with a notional value of $1,600$1,000 million to manage a portion of our exposure to changes in interest rates associated with our $2,571$670 million of variable rate borrowings. Our interest rate swaps were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Notional Value (in millions) | | Commencement Date | | Expiration Date | |
$600 | | August 2015 | | August 2020 | (a) |
$450 | | November 2017 | | November 2022 | |
| $400 | | August 2020 | (a) | August 2025 | |
| $150 | | November 2022 | | November 2027 | |
_______________
(a)Interest rate swaps with a notional value of $600 million expire on August 7, 2020, and interest rate swaps with a notional value of $400 million commence on August 14, 2020.
The swaps help protect our outstanding variable rate borrowings from future interest rate volatility. The fixed interest rates on the swaps range from 2.07% to 3.11%. The Company had a liability of $99$63 million for the fair value of the interest rate swaps at June 30, 2020.2021. The fair value of these interest rate swaps is subject to movements in LIBOR and will fluctuate in future periods. We have estimated that a 0.25% increase in the LIBOR yield curve would increase the fair value of our interest rate swaps by $10$7 million and would decrease interest expense. While these results may be used as a benchmark, they should not be viewed as a forecast of future results.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Controls and Procedures for Realogy Holdings Corp.
(a)Realogy Holdings Corp. ("Realogy Holdings") maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission and that such information is accumulated and communicated to its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Realogy Holdings' management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, recognizes that any set of controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.
(b)As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, Realogy Holdings has carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive
Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that Realogy Holdings' disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the "reasonable assurance" level.
(c)There has not been any change in Realogy Holdings' internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.
Controls and Procedures for Realogy Group LLC
(a)Realogy Group LLC ("Realogy Group") maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission and that such information is accumulated and communicated to its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Realogy Group's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, recognizes that any set of controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.
(b)As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, Realogy Group has carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that Realogy Group's disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the "reasonable assurance" level.
(c)There has not been any change in Realogy Group's internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.
Other Financial Information
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as of June 30, 20202021 and for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 20202021 and 20192020 have been reviewed by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. Their reports, dated August 6, 2020,4, 2021, are included on pages 4 and 5. The reports of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP state that they did not audit and they do not express an opinion on that unaudited financial information. Accordingly, the degree of reliance on their report on such information should be restricted in light of the limited nature of the review procedures applied. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP is not subject to the liability provisions of Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Act") for their report on the unaudited financial information because that report is not a "report" or a "part" of the registration statement prepared or certified by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP within the meaning of Sections 7 and 11 of the Act.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
See Note 9,8, "Commitments and Contingencies—Litigation", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-QQuarterly Report for additional information on the Company's legal proceedings.
The Company believes that it has adequately accrued for legal matters as appropriate. The Company records litigation accruals for legal matters which are both probable and estimable.
Litigation and other disputes are inherently unpredictable and subject to substantial uncertainties and unfavorable resolutions could occur and even cases brought by us can involve counterclaims asserted against us. In addition, litigation and other legal matters, including class action lawsuits and regulatory proceedings challenging practices that have broad impact can be costly to defend and, depending on the class size and claims, could be costly to settle. As such, the Company could incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims with liability that are materially in excess of amounts accrued and these settlements could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in any particular period.
* * *
Litigation,Legal and Regulatory Environment. All of our businesses, as well as our mortgage origination joint venture and the businesses of our franchisees are highly regulated and subject to shifts in public policy, statutory interpretation and enforcement priorities of regulators and other government authorities as well as amendments to existing regulations and regulatory guidance. Likewise, litigation, investigations, claims and claimsregulatory proceedings against other participants in the residential real estate industry or relocation industry – or against companies in other industries – may impact the Company and its affiliated franchisees when the rulings or settlements in those cases cover practices common to the broader industry.industry or business community and may generate litigation or investigations for the Company. In addition, through our subsidiaries, employees and/or affiliated agents, we are a participant in many multiple listing services ("MLSs"), a member-owner of certain MLSs, and a member of the National Association of Realtors ("NAR") and respective state realtor associations, all of which also are subject to litigation, regulatory or policy shifts, including with respect to NAR and MLS rules.
From time to time, certain industry practices have come under federal or state scrutiny or have been the subject of litigation. Examples may include, claims associatedbut are not limited to, various NAR and MLS rules, compliance with RESPA compliance, broker fiduciary duties, multiple listing service practices,or similar state statutes (including, but not limited to, those related to the broker-to-broker exception, marketing agreements or consumer rebates), sales agent classification and worker classification statutes, broker fiduciary duties, federal and state fair housing laws. The Company also may be impactedlaws, consumer lending and debt collection laws, false or fraudulent claims laws, and state laws limiting or prohibiting inducements, cash rebates and gifts to consumers.
Heightened scrutiny can follow changes in administration and the industry is currently experiencing such increased interest by litigationregulators and other claims against companiesgovernment offices, both on a federal and state level. We cannot assure you that changes in other industries. Changes in current legislation, regulations, interpretations or interpretationsregulatory guidance, or enforcement priorities will not result in additional limitations or restrictions on our business or otherwise adversely affect us.
For example, in July 2021, the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) filed a notice of withdrawal of consent to its November 2020 proposed settlement with NAR to settle a civil lawsuit in which the DOJ alleged that NAR established and enforced illegal restraints on the ways the real estate industry operates. The DOJ also filed to voluntarily dismiss the civil lawsuit without prejudice in July 2021, stating in a concurrently filed press release that “[t]he department determined that the [November 2020] settlement will not adequately protect the department’s rights to investigate other conduct by NAR that could impact competition in the real estate market…” The DOJ further noted in its press release that it “is taking this action to permit a broader investigation of NAR’s rules and conduct to proceed without restriction.” Although we were not a party to or a participant in the DOJ’s civil lawsuit against, or settlement agreement with, NAR, and do not agree with certain of the assertions raised, we do believe the settlement provisions generally were reasonable revisions that would modernize the practices at issue. We intend over time to comply voluntarily with the substance of various commitments embodied in the settlement agreement to the extent such commitments are applicablewithin our control, including enhancing consumer access to certain information concerning real estate agent commission arrangements wherever MLSs manage brokers’ listings and authorize display.
In addition, to the announcements by DOJ, there have been recent statements and actions by the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) and the executive branch focused on increasing competition. An Executive Order issued by the White House in July 2021 identified areas of interest for further investigation—including real estate brokerage and listings. In July
2021, the FTC rescinded its 2015 antitrust policy statement, noting in a press release that such statement “has constrained the agency’s use of its authority to stop anticompetitive business tactics under Section 5 of the FTC Act.”
In 2018, the DOJ and FTC held a joint public workshop to explore competition issues in the residential real estate serviceservices industry may also impactat which a variety of issues, beyond those alleged in the Company.DOJ's November 2020 civil lawsuit against NAR, were raised that could be determined to be anti-competitive in the future.
For example, there is activeFurther, in worker classification litigation in several jurisdictions againstinvolving a variety of industries—including residential real estate brokerages in multiple states, including California andcompeting brokerage, the New Jersey—where the plaintiffs seek to reclassify independent contractors as employees or to challenge the use of federal and state minimum wage and overtime exemptions. This type of litigation has been particularly prolific in California since the California Supreme Court adoptedJersey Appellate Division recently applied a workerstrict classification test in the second quarter of 2018 that is significantly more restrictive than those historically used into wage and hour cases.cases in New Jersey. We anticipate this decision will be appealed. In September 2019, this judicialits holding, the New Jersey Appellate Division also observed that legislative statutory amendments made in 2018 may affect worker classification test was codified into California statutory law, but the adopted legislation also provides an alternate worker classification test applicableclaims related to real estate professionalsagents in New Jersey on a go-forward basis. Another worker classification matter in New Jersey against an insurance brokerage also is pending before the New Jersey Supreme Court and an adverse ruling in that is less restrictive thancase could adversely impact other industries, including the judicial test.
Since the enactment,real estate industry. Also, there have been several challenges to the constitutionality and enforceability of this lawa California worker classification statute adopted in 2019 as it applies to other industries, which may ultimately impactif found unconstitutional, could have the effect of eliminating that statute's less restrictive test currently applicable to real estate professionals. For a summaryprofessionals in California. We continue to monitor these matters as well as related federal and state developments.
There can be no assurances as to whether the DOJ or FTC, their state counterparts, state or federal courts, or other governmental body will determine that any industry practices or developments have an anti-competitive effect on the industry or are otherwise proscribed. Any such determination by the DOJ, FTC, their state counterparts, courts, or other governmental body could result in industry investigations, enforcement actions or other legislative or regulatory action or other actions, any of certain legal proceedings initiated in California involvingwhich could have the Company that allege worker misclassification, see Note 9, "Commitments and Contingencies—Litigation",potential to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report.materially disrupt our business.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Other than as described below, there were no material changes to the risk factors reported in Part 1, "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our 20192020 Form 10-K.
The COVID-19 crisis has resulted in homesale transaction declines inexchangeable note hedge and warrant transactions may affect the residential real estate industry andvalue of our business and continuationcommon stock.
Concurrent with the offering of the crisisExchangeable Senior Notes, we entered into exchangeable note hedge transactions and warrant transactions with certain counterparties (the "Option Counterparties"). The exchangeable note hedge transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution upon exchange of the notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of exchanged notes, as the case may be. However, the warrant transactions could separately have a material adversedilutive effect on our profitability, financial condition and results of operations.
The COVID-19 pandemic is having a profound effect on the global economy and financial markets. This unprecedented situation has created considerable risks and uncertainties for the U.S. real estate services industry in general and for the Company and its affiliated franchisees in particular, including those arising from the adverse effects on the economy as well as risks related to employees, independent sales agents, franchisees, and consumers.
Net revenues decreased $457 million or 27% for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared with the three months ended June 30, 2019 driven bylower homesale transaction volume at both RealogyFranchise and Brokerage Groups primarily duecommon stock to the impactextent that the market price per share of common stock exceeds the strike price of the COVID-19 pandemic. Material revenue declines relating to this crisiswarrants.
The Option Counterparties or their respective affiliates may have a material adverse effect on our profitability, financial condition and results of operations, notwithstanding the mitigation
actions we have taken to datemodify their hedge positions by entering into or may take in the future. In addition, we may determine that additional cost-saving initiatives, which may be material, are required and such additional mitigation actions may negatively impact our operations.
The duration and severity of the impact of the pandemic (and the corresponding economic and other consequences stemming from the pandemic) on our business and financial results will depend largely on future developments, which we are unable to accurately predict, including the extent and duration of the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak; the extent of related governmental regulation; the extent of related government financial support, including for franchisees, independent sales agents and corporations; evolving societal reactions to the pandemic; the duration and severity of the negative impact on the U.S. economy (including continued economic contraction) as well as capital, credit and financial markets (includingunwinding various derivatives with respect to increasing down payment requirements from mortgage lendersour common stock and/or purchasing or selling the common stock or other tighter mortgage standardssecurities of ours in secondary market transactions prior to the maturity of the Exchangeable Senior Notes (and are likely to do so during any observation period related to an exchange of the notes). This activity could cause or avoid an increase or a reductiondecrease in the availability of mortgage financing as well as with respect to consumer, business and governmental credit defaults); the materiality of increases in mortgage delinquencies or foreclosure rates; the magnitude and duration of unemployment rates and adverse impact to wage growth; the related impact on consumer confidence and spending; and the magnitude of the financial and operational consequences to our franchisees, all of which are highly uncertain.
Our ability to advance our business strategy may continue to be impaired during the COVID-19 crisis.
Due to the extraordinary disruptions to us, the real estate services industry, society and the economy, and our significant debt leverage, we expect to face additional challenges to our ability to execute our growth strategy including our ability to recruit and retain independent sales agents and franchisees, provide and develop compelling data and technology programs to such agents and franchisees, and deleverage. An inability to execute our business strategy may have a material adverse effect on our profitability, financial condition and results of operations.
The COVID-19 crisis may amplify risks related to our franchise business.
Realogy Franchise Group is dependent upon the operational and financial success of current franchisees and our ability to grow our base of franchisees (without reducing contractual royalty rates or increasing the amount and prevalence of sales incentives). Affiliated franchisees have experienced, and are expected to continue to experience, similar adverse financial effects from the COVID-19 crisis as those affecting the Company and may seek reduced contractual royalty rates, increased sales incentives or other concessions at an increased level. During the crisis, eligible franchisees and independent sales agents may have benefited from certain federal and/or state programs meant to assist businesses and individuals navigate COVID-related financial challenges. Any termination or substantial curtailment of benefits under such programs could adversely effect their businesses. Our royalty revenues and profitability will decline if the financial resultsmarket price of our franchisees continue to worsen, if our franchisees become unable or unwilling to pay franchise fees, or we experience a material decline in our ability to enter into franchise agreements with new franchisees. In addition, the COVID-19 crisis could contribute to an acceleration in the consolidation of our top 250 franchisees, which could result in increased volume incentives and other incentives earned by such franchisees, both of which directly impact our royalty revenue. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profitability. Further, we may have to increase our bad debt and note reserves and terminate franchisees due to non-payment.common stock.
The COVID-19 crisis has amplified and is expected to continue to amplify risks related to our geographic and high-end market concentration.
Our company owned brokerage operations have experienced and may continue to experience even greater adverse financial consequences due to the ongoing COVID-19 crisis as a result of the significant concentration for this business in transactions at the higher end of the market and in certain geographies, including California, the New York metropolitan area and Florida, which could materially adversely affect our revenues and profitability.
A decrease in homesale transaction volume will also have an adverse impact on Realogy Title Group and our mortgage joint venture and such impact may be intensified by pronounced regional declines in the areas in which our company owned brokeragesWe are located, given the significant geographic overlap of these businesses.
Cartus Relocation Services is subject to risks related to global relocation services, including trends in global corporate spending on relocation services, which have been and are expected to be amplified by the COVID-19 crisis.
Relocation service providers, including Cartus Relocation Services, are impacted by many of the general residential housing trends that impact our residential real estate services business, including those trends emerging in connection with the COVID-19 crisis.In addition, Cartus Relocation Services operates worldwide, which elevates risks related to the international aspects of this business. The risks involved in our international operations and relationships that could result in
losses against which we are not insured and therefore affect our profitability include, but are not limited to, heightened exposure to local economic conditions and local laws and regulations (including those related to employees), fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, and potential adverse changes in the political stability of foreign countries or in their diplomatic relations with the U.S.
The financial results of Cartus Relocation Services are also directly impacted by global corporate spending on relocation services, which have for several years continued to shift to lower cost relocation benefits as corporate clients engage in cost reduction initiatives and/or restructuring programs, as well as changes in employment relocation trends. As a result of a shift in the mix of services and number of services being delivered per move, Cartus Relocation Services has been increasingly subject to a competitive pricing environment and lower average revenue per relocation. Competition is expected to continue to intensify as an increasingly higher percentage of relocation clients reduce their global relocation benefits and related spend. Lower volume, in particular with respect to global relocation activity, has also impacted the operating results of Cartus Relocation Services.
The COVID-19 crisis has amplified and is expected to continue to amplify the foregoing risks and factors, which may continue to have an adverse effect on the growth and profitability of Cartus Relocation Services.
If multiple significant relocation clients cease or reduce volume under their contracts with Cartus Relocation Services, our revenues and profitability could be materially adversely affected.
Substantially all of our contracts with relocation clients of Cartus Relocation Services are terminable at any time at the option of the client, do not require such client to maintain any level of business with us and are non-exclusive. If multiple significant relocation clients cease or reduce volume under their contracts with Cartus Relocation Services, our revenues (including downstream revenue derived from relocation referrals) and profitability could be materially adversely affected.
We recognized significant non-cash impairment charges, including as related to management’s estimatescounterparty risk with respect to the potential impactexchangeable note hedge transactions.
The Option Counterparties are financial institutions or affiliates of financial institutions, and we are subject to the risk that one or more of such Option Counterparties may default under the exchangeable note hedge transactions. Our exposure to the credit risk of the COVID-19 crisisOption Counterparties is not secured by any collateral. If any Option Counterparty becomes subject to insolvency proceedings, we will become an unsecured creditor in those proceedings with a claim equal to our exposure at that time under the exchangeable note hedge transaction. Our exposure will depend on our business, and we may be required to take additional such charges in the future, which may be material.
During the first quarter of 2020, we performed an impairment assessment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets as of March 31, 2020, resulting in the recognition of a non-cash impairment of the Realogy Franchise Group trademarks and a non-cash goodwill impairment for Realogy Brokerage Group. The primary drivers to these impairments were a significant increase in the weighted average cost of capital due to the volatility in the capital and debt markets due to COVID-19 and lower projected financial results in 2020.
Givenmany factors but, generally, the increase in our exposure will be correlated to the discount rateincrease in our common stock market price and lower projected 2020 financial results in the first quartervolatility of 2020 impairment analysis, the estimated excess fair value over carrying value for Realogy Franchise Groupmarket price of our common stock. In addition, upon a default by the Option Counterparty, we may suffer adverse tax consequences and Realogy Title Group was reduceddilution with respect to 7% and 5%, respectively. As a result, there is additional risk of an impairment.
Impairment analyses are highly complex and involve many subjective assumptions, estimates and judgments made by management.Suchassumptions, estimates and judgments may change in the near term due to multiple factors, including continued business and economic disruptions relatedour common stock. We can provide no assurance as to the ongoing COVID-19 crisis. If business conditions deteriorate further than we have modeledfinancial stability or if changes in key assumptions and estimates differ significantly from management’s expectations, it may be necessary to record additional impairment charges in the future, which may be material.
The COVID-19 crisis has amplified and may continue to amplify risks related to our significant indebtedness and could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial position.
Under the Senior Secured Credit and Term Loan A Agreements, we are required to comply with financial, affirmative and negative covenants, including compliance with a senior secured leverage ratio, as defined in such agreements. A material decline in our ability to generate EBITDA calculated on a Pro Forma Basis, as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Agreement governing the Senior Secured Credit Facility, as a resultviability of the ongoing COVID-19 crisis or otherwise, could result in our failure to comply with the senior secured leverage ratio covenant under our Senior Secured Credit Facility (including the Revolving Credit Facility) and Term Loan A Facility, which would result in an event of default if we fail to remedy or avoid a default as permitted under the applicable debt arrangement.
Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the indentures governing our Senior Notes, the trustee or holders of 25% of the outstanding applicable notes could elect to declare the principal of, premium, if any and accrued but unpaid interest on such notes to be due and payable. If an event of default is continuing under our Senior Secured Credit Facility,
Term Loan A Facility, the indentures governing the Unsecured Notes or our other material indebtedness, such event could cause a termination of our ability to obtain future advances under, and amortization of, our Apple Ridge Funding LLC securitization program. Any of the foregoing would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
As discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, in July 2020, we entered into the Amendments to the Senior Secured Credit and Term Loan A Agreements, which will temporarily ease the required senior secured leverage ratio, but also tighten certain other covenants during the covenant period, including reducing (or eliminating) the amount available for certain types of additional indebtedness, liens, restricted payments (including dividends and stock repurchases), investments (including acquisitions and joint ventures), and voluntary junior debt repayments. As a result, during the covenant period, we are further limited in the manner in which we conduct our business and we may be unable to engage in certain favorable business activities or finance future operations or capital needs, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may be unable to continue to securitize certain of the relocation assets of Cartus Relocation Services, which may adversely impact our liquidity.
At June 30, 2020, $113 million of securitization obligations were outstanding through special purpose entities monetizing certain assets of Cartus Relocation Services under two lending facilities. We have provided a performance guaranty which guarantees the obligations of our Cartus subsidiary and its subsidiaries, as originator and servicer under the Apple Ridge securitization program. Our significant debt obligations may limit our ability to incur additional borrowings under our existing securitization facilities and disruptions in the securitization markets, including in connection with the COVID-19 crisis, may have the effect of increasing our cost of funding or reducing our access to these markets in the future.
In addition, the Apple Ridge securitization facility contains terms which if triggered may result in a termination or limitation of new or existing funding under the facility and/or may result in a requirement that all collections on the assets be used to pay down the amounts outstanding under such facility. The triggering events include but are not limited to: (1) those tied to the age and quality of the underlying assets; (2) a change of control; (3) a breach of our senior secured leverage ratio covenant under our Senior Secured Credit Facility if uncured; and (4) the acceleration of indebtedness under our Senior Secured Credit Facility, Unsecured Notes or other material indebtedness. The occurrence of a trigger event under the Apple Ridge securitization facility could restrict our ability to access new or existing funding under this facility or result in termination of the facility. If securitization financing is not available to us for any reason, we could be required to borrow under the Revolving Credit Facility, which would adversely impact our liquidity, or we may be required to find additional sources of funding which may be on less favorable terms or may not be available at all.Option Counterparty.
Item 5. Other Information.
On August 5, 2020, Realogy Group, an indirect subsidiary of Realogy Holdings, and certain of its subsidiaries amended and extended the existing Apple Ridge Funding LLC securitization program utilized by Realogy Group's relocation services subsidiary, Cartus Corporation (“Cartus”). The amendment and extension was effected pursuant to the Fifteenth Omnibus Amendment dated as of August 5, 2020, by and among Cartus, Cartus Financial Corporation, Apple Ridge Services Corporation, Apple Ridge Funding LLC (the “Issuer”), Realogy Group, U.S. Bank National Association, as indenture trustee, paying agent, authentication agent, and transfer agent and registrar, the managing agents party to the Note Purchase Agreement (as defined below) and Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank (“CA-CIB”), as administrative agent (the “Omnibus Amendment”). The managing agents that are parties to the Note Purchase Agreement and the Omnibus Amendment are CA-CIB, The Bank of Nova Scotia, and Barclays Bank PLC.
The Omnibus Amendment, among other things, amends the Note Purchase Agreement dated as of December 14, 2011, as amended (the “Note Purchase Agreement”), by and among the Issuer, Cartus, the managing agents, committed purchasers and conduit purchasers named therein, and CA-CIB, as administrative agent, to extend the securitization program until June 4, 2021, subject to extension for an additional period of 364 days.
The parties to the Omnibus Amendment and their respective affiliates have performed and may in the future perform, various commercial banking, investment banking and other financial advisory services for Realogy Holdings and its subsidiaries for which they have received, and will receive, customary fees and expenses.
* * *
On August 4, 2020, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Committee”) of the Company took the following actions intended to drive performance and motivate and retain our senior leadership team, which we call our Executive Committee, including Ms. Simonelli, Mr. Peyton, Ms. Helmkamp and Ms. Wasser. No new cash-based awards were granted to Mr. Schneider, our President and Chief Executive Officer.
In making its determinations, the Committee took into account the 71% to 66% decline in aggregate realizable value of outstanding performance share unit awards held by the Company’s named executive officers who are members of the Executive Committee as compared to the original grant date fair value of those awards, based on the Company’s payout expectations as of June 30, 2020 and our stock price on August 4, 2020.
Amendment to 2019 and 2020 Performance Share Units. The Committee approved amendments to certain awards tied to a cumulative free cash flow metric, including performance share unit awards granted to its executive officers in 2019 and 2020 (the “CFCF PSUs”). The amendments seek to mitigate the business disruptions and related impacts of COVID-19 by eliminating fiscal year 2020 as well as the impact of CARES Act-related deferrals from the performance level required to be achieved in order to earn a portion of the award.
Based on the Company’s expectations as of June 30, 2020, no payout was expected under the 2019 CFCF PSUs and below target payout was expected under the 2020 CFCF PSUs prior to amendment. We estimate that under the revised terms of the grants and the Company’s expectations as of June 30, 2020, the 2019 CFCF PSU awards would pay out below the target level, but above the threshold level, and the 2020 CFCF PSU awards would pay out at the target level.
No change was made to the 2018 CFCF PSU award or any of the outstanding performance share unit awards that are tied to relative total stockholder return (“RTSR PSUs”), all of which were tracking to result in no payout based on the Company’s expectations through June 30, 2020 (other than the 2020 RSTR PSUs, which were tracking to payout below target level).
Performance and Retention Award (Excluding the CEO). The Committee granted a cash-based performance incentive and retention award (the “Performance Award”) under the Company’s 2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan to Executive Committee members, other than Mr. Schneider. In granting the award, the Committee took into consideration the significant decreases in realizable value to our executives, including the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on compensation and the voluntary temporary salary reductions agreed to at the onset of the crisis, as well as the competitive landscape for executive talent and the potential business disruption likely to be caused by unplanned attrition.
The performance component of the Performance Award will be earned if our market share (as measured by our transaction volume for existing home sale transactions) as of September 30, 2022 exceeds market share as of September 30, 2020 (the “Performance Period”) and would be equal to the executive officer’s base salary, without taking into consideration any voluntary temporary reductions agreed to in connection with the COVID-19 crisis (“Base Salary”). No amounts will be earned if the performance metric is not satisfied.
Each participant generally must remain employed with the Company throughout the Performance Period in order to be eligible to receive a payout of the performance component of the Performance Award. If a participant’s employment is terminated without cause or due to his or her death, disability, or retirement during the Performance Period, such participant will be eligible to receive a pro-rata amount of the performance portion of his or her Performance Award based on actual performance.
In order to be eligible to receive a payout of the retention portion of the Performance Award, equal to the participant’s Base Salary, a participant must remain employed with the Company from September 30, 2020 through September 30, 2021, unless terminated in connection with a change in control, in which case the participant would be entitled to a pro-rata payment. Any retention portion payable to a participant will be reduced by any other cash retention payments made to that participant in the same calendar year.
Our Clawback Policy will apply to both the performance and retention portions of the Performance Award, which will allow our Board of Directors to recoup incentive compensation in the event of a material restatement or adjustment of our financial statements, misconduct, or breach of the participant’s restrictive covenants with the Company, including those related to non-competition and non-solicitation.
The description of the Performance Award set forth above is qualified in its entirety by reference to the form of Performance Award filed as Exhibit 10.9 to this Quarterly Report and incorporated by reference herein.
Item 6. Exhibits.
See Exhibit Index.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrants have duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
REALOGY HOLDINGS CORP.
and
REALOGY GROUP LLC
(Registrants)
Date: August 6, 20204, 2021
/S/ CHARLOTTE C. SIMONELLI
Charlotte C. Simonelli
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
Date: August 6, 20204, 2021
/S/ TIMOTHY B. GUSTAVSON
Timothy B. Gustavson
Senior Vice President,
Chief Accounting Officer and
Controller
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit Description
4.1 Indenture, dated as of June 16, 2020,2, 2021, among Realogy Group LLC, as Issuer, Realogy Co-Issuer Corp., as Co-Issuer, Realogy Intermediate Holdings LLC, Realogy Holdings Corp., the Note Guarantors (as defined therein) and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, and Collateral Agent, governing the 7.625%0.25% Exchangeable Senior Secured Second Lien Notes due 20252026. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Registrants' Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 17, 2020)3, 2021). 10.1 First Lien / Second Lien Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of June 16, 2020, among Realogy Group LLC, the other Grantors (as defined therein) party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as the Initial First Lien Priority Representative (as defined therein), The Bank of New York, Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as the Initial Second Lien Priority Representative (as defined therein), and the additional authorized representatives from time to time party thereto (incorporatedHoldings Corp. Amended & Restated 2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.110.1 to Realogy Holding's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 5, 2021). 10.5 FourteenthSixteenth Omnibus Amendment, and Payoff and Reallocation Agreement, dated as of June 4, 2020, among Cartus Corporation, Cartus Financial Corporation, Apple Ridge Services Corporation, Apple Ridge Funding LLC, Realogy Group LLC, U.S. Bank National Association, the managing agents party to the Note Purchase Agreement dated December 14, 2011, as amended, Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank and the committed and conduit purchasers named therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registrants' Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 5, 2020). 10.6* Fifteenth Omnibus Amendment, dated as of August 5, 2020,2021, among Cartus Corporation, Cartus Financial Corporation, Apple Ridge Services Corporation, Apple Ridge Funding LLC, Realogy Group LLC, U.S. Bank National Association, the managing agents party to the Note Purchase Agreement dated December 14, 2011, as amended, and Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank.10.7 Ninth Amendment, dated as of July 24, 2020, to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, datedBank as of March 5, 2013, as amended, among Realogy Intermediate Holdings LLC, Realogy Group LLC, theseveral lenders parties thereto from time to time and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agentfor the lenders (Incorporated(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theRegistrants' Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 30, 2020).10.8 Third Amendment, dated as of July 24, 2020, to the Term Loan A Agreement, dated as of October 23,2015, among Realogy Intermediate Holdings LLC, Realogy Group LLC, the lenders party thereto fromtime to time and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the lenders (Incorporated byreference to Exhibit 10.210.2 to Registrants' Current Report on Form 8-K filed on JulyJune 304, 2020)2021).
101 The following financial information from Realogy's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 20202021 formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language) includes: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss,Income (Loss), (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104 �� Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
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* Filed herewith.
