UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020March 31, 2021
OR
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number 001-34057

agnc-20210331_g1.jpg


AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware 26-1701984
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)		 (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
2 Bethesda Metro Center, 12th Floor
Bethesda, Maryland 20814
(Address of principal executive offices)
(301) 968-9315
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 __________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each ClassTrading Symbol(s)Name of Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per shareAGNCThe Nasdaq Global Select Market
Depositary shares of 7.000% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred StockAGNCNThe Nasdaq Global Select Market
Depositary shares of 6.875% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred StockAGNCMThe Nasdaq Global Select Market
Depositary shares of 6.50% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred StockAGNCOThe Nasdaq Global Select Market
Depositary shares of 6.125% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred StockAGNCPThe Nasdaq Global Select Market
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes  x    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer☒Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller Reporting Company☐
Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  x
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each ClassTrading Symbol(s)Name of Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per shareAGNCThe Nasdaq Global Select Market
Depositary shares of 7.000% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred StockAGNCNThe Nasdaq Global Select Market
Depositary shares of 6.875% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred StockAGNCMThe Nasdaq Global Select Market
Depositary shares of 6.50% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred StockAGNCOThe Nasdaq Global Select Market
Depositary shares of 6.125% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred StockAGNCPThe Nasdaq Global Select Market
The number of shares of the issuer's common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding as of July 31, 2020April 30, 2021 was 555,517,135.524,907,212.


AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
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1

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements

AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except per share data)
June 30, 2020December 31, 2019 March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
Assets:Assets:Assets:
Agency securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $69,956 and $92,608, respectively)$75,488  $98,516  
Agency securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $56,343 and $53,698, respectively)Agency securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $56,343 and $53,698, respectively)$63,286 $64,836 
Agency securities transferred to consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value (pledged securities)Agency securities transferred to consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value (pledged securities)344  371  Agency securities transferred to consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value (pledged securities)270 295 
Credit risk transfer securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $479 and $309, respectively)712  976  
Non-Agency securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $511 and $0, respectively)599  579  
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $1,136 and $97, respectively)1,181  97  
Credit risk transfer securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $406 and $455, respectively)Credit risk transfer securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $406 and $455, respectively)1,073 737 
Non-Agency securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $414 and $458, respectively)Non-Agency securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $414 and $458, respectively)868 546 
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents859  831  Cash and cash equivalents963 1,017 
Restricted cashRestricted cash1,306  451  Restricted cash813 1,307 
Derivative assets, at fair valueDerivative assets, at fair value140  190  Derivative assets, at fair value698 391 
Receivable for investment securities sold (including pledged securities of $480 and $0, respectively)489  —  
Receivable for investment securities sold (including pledged securities of $0 and $207, respectively)Receivable for investment securities sold (including pledged securities of $0 and $207, respectively)50 210 
Receivable under reverse repurchase agreementsReceivable under reverse repurchase agreements7,944  10,181  Receivable under reverse repurchase agreements16,803 11,748 
GoodwillGoodwill526  526  Goodwill526 526 
Other assetsOther assets265  364  Other assets195 204 
Total assetsTotal assets$89,853  $113,082  Total assets$85,545 $81,817 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Repurchase agreementsRepurchase agreements$69,685  $89,182  Repurchase agreements$55,056 $52,366 
Debt of consolidated variable interest entities, at fair valueDebt of consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value204  228  Debt of consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value165 177 
Payable for investment securities purchasedPayable for investment securities purchased1,468  2,554  Payable for investment securities purchased2,512 6,157 
Derivative liabilities, at fair valueDerivative liabilities, at fair value3  6  Derivative liabilities, at fair value589 2 
Dividends payableDividends payable92  104  Dividends payable88 90 
Obligation to return securities borrowed under reverse repurchase agreements, at fair valueObligation to return securities borrowed under reverse repurchase agreements, at fair value7,929  9,543  Obligation to return securities borrowed under reverse repurchase agreements, at fair value15,090 11,727 
Accounts payable and other liabilitiesAccounts payable and other liabilities122  424  Accounts payable and other liabilities681 219 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities79,503  102,041  Total liabilities74,181 70,738 
Stockholders' equity:Stockholders' equity:Stockholders' equity:
Preferred Stock - aggregate liquidation preference of $1,538 and $963, respectively1,489  932  
Common stock - $0.01 par value; 1,500 and 900 shares authorized, respectively; 555.5 and 540.9 shares issued and outstanding, respectively6  5  
Preferred Stock - aggregate liquidation preference of $1,538Preferred Stock - aggregate liquidation preference of $1,5381,489 1,489 
Common stock - $0.01 par value; 1,500 shares authorized; 524.9 and 539.5 shares issued and outstanding, respectivelyCommon stock - $0.01 par value; 1,500 shares authorized; 524.9 and 539.5 shares issued and outstanding, respectively5 5 
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital14,191  13,893  Additional paid-in capital13,736 13,972 
Retained deficitRetained deficit(6,100) (3,886) Retained deficit(4,348)(5,106)
Accumulated other comprehensive incomeAccumulated other comprehensive income764  97  Accumulated other comprehensive income482 719 
Total stockholders' equityTotal stockholders' equity10,350  11,041  Total stockholders' equity11,364 11,079 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equityTotal liabilities and stockholders' equity$89,853  $113,082  Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$85,545 $81,817 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
2

AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
 
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2020201920202019 20212020
Interest income:Interest income:Interest income:
Interest incomeInterest income$429  $693  $920  $1,398  Interest income$557 $491 
Interest expenseInterest expense134  570  560  1,111  Interest expense29 426 
Net interest incomeNet interest income295  123  360  287  Net interest income528 65 
Other gain (loss), net:Other gain (loss), net:Other gain (loss), net:
Gain on sale of investment securities, net153  132  647  192  
Unrealized gain on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, net679  759  876  1,819  
Loss on derivative instruments and other securities, net(385) (1,438) (3,539) (2,438) 
Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities, netGain (loss) on sale of investment securities, net(13)494 
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, netUnrealized gain (loss) on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, net(955)197 
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, netGain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net1,439 (3,154)
Total other gain (loss), net:Total other gain (loss), net:447  (547) (2,016) (427) Total other gain (loss), net:471 (2,463)
Expenses:Expenses:Expenses:
Compensation and benefitsCompensation and benefits13  11  26  21  Compensation and benefits16 13 
Other operating expenseOther operating expense11  9  21  18  Other operating expense8 10 
Total operating expenseTotal operating expense24  20  47  39  Total operating expense24 23 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)718  (444) (1,703) (179) Net income (loss)975 (2,421)
Dividends on preferred stockDividends on preferred stock25  13  46  23  Dividends on preferred stock25 21 
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholdersNet income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders$693  $(457) $(1,749) $(202) Net income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders$950 $(2,442)
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$718  $(444) $(1,703) $(179) Net income (loss)$975 $(2,421)
Unrealized gain on investment securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, net203  379  667  779  
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (loss), netUnrealized gain (loss) on investment securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (loss), net(237)464 
Comprehensive income (loss)Comprehensive income (loss)921  (65) (1,036) 600  Comprehensive income (loss)738 (1,957)
Dividends on preferred stockDividends on preferred stock25  13  46  23  Dividends on preferred stock25 21 
Comprehensive income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholdersComprehensive income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders$896  $(78) $(1,082) $577  Comprehensive income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders$713 $(1,978)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basicWeighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic560.3  537.8  554.2  537.2  Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic533.7 548.0 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - dilutedWeighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted560.8  537.8  554.2  537.2  Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted535.6 548.0 
Net income (loss) per common share - basicNet income (loss) per common share - basic$1.24  $(0.85) $(3.16) $(0.38) Net income (loss) per common share - basic$1.78 $(4.46)
Net income (loss) per common share - dilutedNet income (loss) per common share - diluted$1.24  $(0.85) $(3.16) $(0.38) Net income (loss) per common share - diluted$1.77 $(4.46)
Dividends declared per common shareDividends declared per common share$0.36  $0.50  $0.84  $1.04  Dividends declared per common share$0.36 $0.48 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
3

AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(in millions)
Preferred StockCommon StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Retained
Deficit		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)		TotalPreferred StockCommon StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Retained
Deficit		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)		Total
SharesAmount
Balance, March 31, 2019$711  536.3  $5  $13,795  $(3,467) $(543) $10,501  
Net loss—  —  —  —  (444) —  (444) 
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net—  —  —  —  —  379  379  
Stock-based compensation—  0.1  —  3  —  —  3  
Issuance of common stock, net of offering cost—  11.4  —  190  —  —  190  
Preferred dividends declared—  —  —  —  (13) —  (13) 
Common dividends declared—  —  —  —  (270) —  (270) 
Balance, June 30, 2019$711  547.8  $5  $13,988  $(4,194) $(164) $10,346  
Balance, March 31, 2020$1,489  567.7  $6  $14,334  $(6,592) $561  $9,798  
Net income—  —  —  —  718  —  718  
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net—  —  —  —  —  203  203  
Stock-based compensation—  —  —  4  —  —  4  
Repurchase of common stock—  (12.2) —  (147) —  —  (147) 
Preferred dividends declared—  —  —  —  (25) —  (25) 
Common dividends declared—  —  —  —  (201) —  (201) 
Balance, June 30, 2020$1,489  555.5  $6  $14,191  $(6,100) $764  $10,350  
Balance, December 31, 2018$484  536.3  $5  $13,793  $(3,433) $(943) $9,906  
Net loss—  —  —  —  (179) —  (179) 
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net—  —  —  —  —  779  779  
Stock-based compensation—  0.1  —  5  —  —  5  
Issuance of common stock, net of offering cost—  11.4  —  190  —  —  190  
Issuance of preferred stock, net of offering cost227  —  —  —  —  —  227  
Preferred dividends declared—  —  —  —  (23) —  (23) 
Common dividends declared—  —  —  —  (559) —  (559) 
Balance, June 30, 2019$711  547.8  $5  $13,988  $(4,194) $(164) $10,346  
Preferred StockSharesAmountAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Retained
Deficit		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)		Total
Balance, December 31, 2019Balance, December 31, 2019$932  540.9  $5  $13,893  $(3,886) $97  $11,041  Balance, December 31, 2019540.9 $5 
Net lossNet loss—  —  —  —  (1,703) —  (1,703) Net loss— — — — (2,421)— (2,421)
Other comprehensive income:Other comprehensive income:Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, netUnrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net—  —  —  —  —  667  667  Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net— — — — — 464 464 
Stock-based compensation—  0.1  —  7  —  —  7  
Stock-based compensation, netStock-based compensation, net— 0.1 — 3 — — 3 
Issuance of preferred stock, net of offering costIssuance of preferred stock, net of offering cost557  —  —  —  —  —  557  Issuance of preferred stock, net of offering cost557 — — — — — 557 
Issuance of common stock, net of offering costIssuance of common stock, net of offering cost—  26.7  1  438  —  —  439  Issuance of common stock, net of offering cost— 26.7 1 438 — — 439 
Preferred dividends declaredPreferred dividends declared— — — — (21)— (21)
Common dividends declaredCommon dividends declared— — — — (264)— (264)
Balance, March 31, 2020Balance, March 31, 2020$1,489 567.7 $6 $14,334 $(6,592)$561 $9,798 
Balance, December 31, 2020Balance, December 31, 2020$1,489 539.5 $5 $13,972 $(5,106)$719 $11,079 
Net incomeNet income— — — — 975 — 975 
Other comprehensive loss:Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, netUnrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net— — — — — (237)(237)
Stock-based compensation, netStock-based compensation, net— 0.4 — 3 — — 3 
Repurchase of common stockRepurchase of common stock—  (12.2) —  (147) —  —  (147) Repurchase of common stock— (15.0)0 (239)— — (239)
Preferred dividends declaredPreferred dividends declared—  —  —  —  (46) —  (46) Preferred dividends declared— — — — (25)— (25)
Common dividends declaredCommon dividends declared—  —  —  —  (465) —  (465) Common dividends declared— — — — (192)— (192)
Balance, June 30, 2020$1,489  555.5  $6  $14,191  $(6,100) $764  $10,350  
Balance, March 31, 2021Balance, March 31, 2021$1,489 524.9 $5 $13,736 $(4,348)$482 $11,364 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

4

AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(in millions) 
Six Months Ended June 30,
Three Months Ended
March 31,
20202019 20212020
Operating activities:Operating activities:Operating activities:
Net loss$(1,703) $(179) 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$975 $(2,421)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of premiums and discounts on mortgage-backed securities, netAmortization of premiums and discounts on mortgage-backed securities, net607  325  Amortization of premiums and discounts on mortgage-backed securities, net(76)384 
Stock-based compensation7  5  
Gain on sale of investment securities, net(647) (192) 
Unrealized gain on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, net(876) (1,819) 
Loss on derivative instruments and other securities, net3,539  2,438  
(Increase) decrease in other assets59  (36) 
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities(210) 22  
Stock-based compensation, netStock-based compensation, net3 3 
(Gain) loss on sale of investment securities, net(Gain) loss on sale of investment securities, net13 (494)
Unrealized (gain) loss on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, netUnrealized (gain) loss on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, net955 (197)
(Gain) loss on derivative instruments and other securities, net(Gain) loss on derivative instruments and other securities, net(1,439)3,154 
Decrease in other assetsDecrease in other assets9 78 
Decrease in accounts payable and other accrued liabilitiesDecrease in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities(12)(160)
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities776  564  Net cash provided by operating activities428 347 
Investing activities:Investing activities:Investing activities:
Purchases of Agency mortgage-backed securitiesPurchases of Agency mortgage-backed securities(39,715) (23,963) Purchases of Agency mortgage-backed securities(14,029)(23,339)
Purchases of credit risk transfer and non-Agency securitiesPurchases of credit risk transfer and non-Agency securities(396) (904) Purchases of credit risk transfer and non-Agency securities(497)(347)
Proceeds from sale of Agency mortgage-backed securitiesProceeds from sale of Agency mortgage-backed securities54,967  12,186  Proceeds from sale of Agency mortgage-backed securities6,366 49,596 
Proceeds from sale of credit risk transfer and non-Agency securitiesProceeds from sale of credit risk transfer and non-Agency securities536  852  Proceeds from sale of credit risk transfer and non-Agency securities137 492 
Principal collections on Agency mortgage-backed securitiesPrincipal collections on Agency mortgage-backed securities7,867  4,772  Principal collections on Agency mortgage-backed securities4,317 3,743 
Principal collections on credit risk transfer and non-Agency securitiesPrincipal collections on credit risk transfer and non-Agency securities49  14  Principal collections on credit risk transfer and non-Agency securities9 11 
Payments on U.S. Treasury securitiesPayments on U.S. Treasury securities(19,793) (22,535) Payments on U.S. Treasury securities(4,313)(17,907)
Proceeds from U.S. Treasury securitiesProceeds from U.S. Treasury securities16,206  7,122  Proceeds from U.S. Treasury securities8,474 8,795 
Net proceeds from reverse repurchase agreements2,270  13,219  
Net payments on derivative instruments(2,682) (1,539) 
Net proceeds from (payments on) reverse repurchase agreementsNet proceeds from (payments on) reverse repurchase agreements(5,055)5,275 
Net proceeds from (payments on) derivative instrumentsNet proceeds from (payments on) derivative instruments1,395 (2,742)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) investing activities19,309  (10,776) Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities(3,196)23,577 
Financing activities:Financing activities:Financing activities:
Proceeds from repurchase arrangementsProceeds from repurchase arrangements2,166,205  1,904,071  Proceeds from repurchase arrangements526,319 1,162,934 
Payments on repurchase agreementsPayments on repurchase agreements(2,185,702) (1,893,522) Payments on repurchase agreements(523,629)(1,185,576)
Payments on debt of consolidated variable interest entitiesPayments on debt of consolidated variable interest entities(29) (28) Payments on debt of consolidated variable interest entities(12)(16)
Net proceeds from preferred stock issuancesNet proceeds from preferred stock issuances557  227  Net proceeds from preferred stock issuances0 557 
Net proceeds from common stock issuancesNet proceeds from common stock issuances439  190  Net proceeds from common stock issuances0 439 
Payments for common stock repurchasesPayments for common stock repurchases(147) —  Payments for common stock repurchases(239)0 
Cash dividends paidCash dividends paid(525) (587) Cash dividends paid(219)(277)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) financing activities(19,202) 10,351  Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities2,220 (21,939)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cashNet change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash883  139  Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(548)1,985 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of periodCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period1,282  1,520  Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period2,324 1,282 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of periodCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$2,165  $1,659  Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$1,776 $3,267 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
5

AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Basis of PresentationOrganization
The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of AGNC Investment Corp. (referred throughout this report as the "Company," "we," "us" and "our") are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring accruals, necessary for the fair presentation of financial statements for the interim period have been included. The current period’s results of operations are not necessarily indicative of results that ultimately may be achieved for the year.
Our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all our wholly-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities for which we are the primary beneficiary. Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Note 2. Organization
We werewas organized in Delaware on January 7, 2008 and commenced operations on May 20, 2008 following the completion of our initial public offering. Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "AGNC."
We invest primarily in Agency residential mortgage-backed securities ("Agency RMBS") for which the principal and interest payments are internally managed,guaranteed by a U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise ("GSE") or a U.S. Government agency. We also invest in other types of mortgage and ourmortgage-related securities, such as credit risk transfer ("CRT") securities and non-Agency residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities ("non-Agency RMBS" and "CMBS," respectively), where repayment of principal objectiveand interest is not guaranteed by a GSE or U.S. Government agency, and other assets related to provide our stockholders with attractive risk-adjusted returns through a combination of monthly dividends and tangible net book value accretion.the housing, mortgage or real estate markets. We generate income from the interest earned onfund our investments net of associated borrowing and hedging costs, and net realized gains and losses on our investment and hedging activities.primarily through collateralized borrowings structured as repurchase agreements.
We operate to qualify to be taxed as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code"). As a REIT, we are required to distribute annually 90% of our taxable income, and we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal or state corporate income tax to the extent that we distribute our annual taxable income to our stockholders on a timely basis. It is our intention to distribute 100% of our taxable income, after application of available tax attributes, within the limits prescribed by the Internal Revenue Code, which may extend into the subsequent tax year.
We invest primarily in Agency residential mortgage-backed securities ("Agency RMBS") for whichare internally managed with the principal objective of providing our stockholders with attractive risk-adjusted returns through a combination of monthly dividends and tangible net book value accretion. We generate income from the interest payments are guaranteed by a U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise ("GSE") or a U.S. Government agency. We also invest in other types of mortgage and mortgage-related securities, such as credit risk transfer ("CRT") securities and non-Agency residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities ("non-Agency RMBS" and "CMBS," respectively), where repayment of principal and interest is not guaranteed by a GSE or U.S. Government agency, and in other investments in, or related to, the housing, mortgage or real estate markets. We fundearned on our investments, primarily through borrowings structured as repurchase agreements.net of associated borrowing and hedging costs, and net realized gains and losses on our investment and hedging activities.

Note 3.2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
Our accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes are unaudited and include the accounts of all our wholly-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities for which we are the primary beneficiary. Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring accruals, necessary for the fair presentation of consolidated financial statements for the interim period have been included. The current period’s results of operations are not necessarily indicative of results that ultimately may be achieved for the year.
Investment Securities
Agency RMBS consist of residential mortgage pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs") guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac," and together with Fannie Mae, the "GSEs") or the Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae").
CRT securities are risk sharing instruments issued by the GSEs, and similarly structured transactions issued by third-party market participants, that synthetically transfer a portion of the risk associated with credit losses within pools of conventional residential mortgage loans from the GSEs and/or third parties to private investors. Unlike Agency RMBS, full repayment of the original principal balance of CRT securities is not guaranteed by a GSE or U.S. Government agency; rather, "credit risk transfer" is achieved by writing down the outstanding principal balance of the CRT securities if credit losses on a related pool
6

of loans exceed certain thresholds. By reducing the amount that they are obligated to repay to holders of CRT securities, the GSEs and/or other third parties offset credit losses on the related loans.
Non-Agency RMBS and CMBS (together, "Non-Agency MBS") are backed by residential and commercial mortgage loans, respectively, packaged and securitized by a private institution, such as a commercial bank. Non-Agency MBS typically benefit from credit enhancements derived from structural elements, such as subordination, overcollateralization or insurance, but nonetheless carry a higher level of credit exposure than Agency RMBS.
All of our securities are reported at fair value on our consolidated balance sheet. Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 320, Investments—Debt and Equity Securities, requires that at the time of purchase, we designate a security as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale or trading, depending on our ability and intent to hold such security to maturity. Alternatively, we may elect the fair value option of accounting for securities pursuant to ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments. Prior to fiscal year 2017, we primarily designated our investment securities as available-for-sale. On January 1, 2017, we began electing the fair value option of accounting for all investment securities newly acquired after such date. Unrealized gains and losses on securities classified as available-for-sale are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income ("OCI"), whereas unrealized gains and losses on securities for which we elected the fair value option, or are classified as trading, are reported in net income through other gain (loss). Upon the sale of a security designated as available-for-sale, we determine the cost of the security and the amount of unrealized gain or loss to reclassify out of accumulated OCI into earnings based on the specific identification method. In our view, the election of the fair value option simplifies the accounting for investment securities and more appropriately reflects the results of our operations for a reporting period by presenting the fair value changes for these assets in a manner consistent with the presentation and timing of the fair value changes for our derivative instruments.
We generally recognize gains or losses through net income on available-for-sale securities only if the security is sold; however, if the fair value of a security declines below its amortized cost and we determine that it is more likely than not that we will incur a realized loss on the security when we sell the asset, we will recognize the difference between the amortized cost and the fair in net income as a component of other gain (loss). Since all of our available-for-sale designated securities consist of Agency RMBS, we do not have an allowance for credit losses. We have not recognized impairment losses on our available-for-sale securities through net income for any of the periods presented in our consolidated financial statements.
Interest Income
Interest income is accrued based on the outstanding principal amount of the investment securities and their contractual terms. Premiums or discounts associated with the purchase of Agency RMBS and non-Agency MBS of high credit quality are amortized or accreted into interest income, respectively, over the projected lives of the securities, including contractual payments and estimated prepayments, using the effective interest method in accordance with ASC Subtopic 310-20, Receivables—Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs.
We estimate long-term prepayment speeds of our mortgage securities using a third-party service and market data. The third-party service provider estimates prepayment speeds using models that incorporate the forward yield curve, primary to secondary mortgage rate spreads, current mortgage rates, mortgage rates of the outstanding loans, age and size of the outstanding loans, loan-to-value ratios, interest rate volatility and other factors. We review the prepayment speeds estimated by the third-party service for reasonableness with consideration given to both historical prepayment speeds and current market conditions. If based on our assessment, we believe that the third-party model does not fully reflect our expectations of the current prepayment landscape, such as during periods of elevated market uncertainty or unique market conditions, we may make adjustments to the models. We review our actual and anticipated prepayment experience on at least a quarterly basis and effective yields are recalculated when differences arise between (i) our previous estimate of future prepayments and (ii) actual prepayments to date and our current estimate of future prepayments. We are required to record an adjustment in the current period to premium amortization / discount accretion for the cumulative effect of the difference in the effective yields as if the recalculated yield had been in place as of the security's acquisition date through the reporting date.
At the time we purchase CRT securities and non-Agency MBS that are not of high credit quality, we determine an effective yield based on our estimate of the timing and amount of future cash flows and our cost basis. Our initial cash flow estimates for these investments are based on our observations of current information and events and include assumptions related to interest rates, prepayment rates and the impact of default and severity rates on the timing and amount of credit losses. On at least a quarterly basis, we review the estimated cash flows and make appropriate adjustments based on inputs and analysis received from external sources, internal models, and our judgment regarding such inputs and other factors. Any resulting changes in effective yield are recognized prospectively based on the current amortized cost of the investment adjusted for credit impairments, if any.
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Repurchase Agreements 
We finance the acquisition of securities for our investment portfolio primarily through repurchase transactions under masteragreements with financial institutions. Repurchase arrangements involve the sale and a simultaneous agreement to repurchase agreements.the transferred assets at a future date. We maintain a beneficial interest in the specific securities pledged during the term of each repurchase arrangement and we receive the related principal and interest payments. Pursuant to ASC Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing, we account for repurchase transactionsagreements as collateralized financing transactions, which are carried at their contractual amounts (cost), plus accrued interest. Our repurchase agreements typically have maturities of less than one year but may extend up to five years or more.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Obligation to Return Securities Borrowed under Reverse Repurchase Agreements
We borrow securities to cover short sales of U.S. Treasury securities through reverse repurchase transactions under our master repurchase agreements (see Derivative Instruments below). We account for these as securities borrowing transactions and recognize an obligation to return the borrowed securities at fair value on the balance sheet based on the value of the underlying borrowed securities as of the reporting date. We may also enter into reverse repurchase agreements to earn a yield on excess cash balances. The securities received as collateral in connection with our reverse repurchase agreements mitigate our credit risk exposure to counterparties. Our reverse repurchase agreements typically have maturities of 30 days or less.
Derivative Instruments
We use a variety of derivative instruments to hedge a portion of our exposure to market risks, including interest rate, prepayment, extension and liquidity risks. The objective of our risk management strategy is to reduce fluctuations in net book value over a range of interest rate scenarios. In particular, we attempt to mitigate the risk of the cost of our variable rate liabilities increasing during a period of rising interest rates. The primary instruments that we use are interest rate swaps, options to enter into interest rate swaps ("swaptions"), U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Treasury futures contracts. We also use forward contracts in the Agency RMBS "to-be-announced" market, or TBA securities, to invest in and finance Agency securities and to periodically reduce our exposure to Agency RMBS.
We account for derivative instruments in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging ("ASC 815"). ASC 815 requires an entity to recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in our accompanying consolidated balance sheets and to measure those instruments at fair value. None of our derivative instruments have been designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes under the provisions of ASC 815, consequently changes in the fair value of our derivative instruments are reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Our derivative agreements generally contain provisions that allow for netting or setting off derivative assets and liabilities with the counterparty; however, we report related assets and liabilities on a gross basis in our consolidated balance sheets. Derivative instruments in a gain position are reported as derivative assets at fair value and derivative instruments in a loss position are reported as derivative liabilities at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets. Changes in fair value of derivative instruments and periodic settlements related to our derivative instruments are recorded in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Cash receipts and payments related to derivative instruments are classified in our consolidated statements of cash flows according to the underlying nature or purpose of the derivative transaction, generally in the investing section.
Interest rate swap agreements
We use interest rate swaps to economically hedge the variable cash flows associated with our borrowings made under repurchase agreements. Under our interest rate swap agreements, we typically pay a fixed rate and receive a floating rate ("payer swaps") based on a short-term benchmark rate, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), Overnight Index Swap Rate ("OIS"), Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") or three-month London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"). Our interest rate swaps typically have terms from one to 10 years but may extend up to 20 years or more. Our interest rate swaps are centrally cleared through a registered commodities exchange. The clearing exchange requires that we post an "initial margin" amount determined by the exchange, which is generally intended to be set at a level sufficient to protect the exchange from the interest rate swap's maximum estimated single-day price movement. We also exchange daily settlements of "variation margin" based upon changes in fair value, as measured by the exchange. Pursuant to rules governing central clearing activities, we recognize variation margin settlements as a direct reduction of the carrying value of the interest rate swap asset or liability.
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Interest rate swaptions
We purchase interest rate swaptions to help mitigate the potential impact of larger, more rapid changes in interest rates on the performance of our investment portfolio. Interest rate swaptions provide us the option to enter into an interest rate swap agreement for a predetermined notional amount, stated term and pay and receive interest rates in the future. Our interest rate swaption agreements are not subject to central clearing. The premium paid for interest rate swaptions is reported as an asset in
8

our consolidated balance sheets. The difference between the premium paid and the fair value of the swaption is reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. If a swaption expires unexercised, the realized loss on the swaption would be equal to the premium paid. If we sell or exercise a swaption, the realized gain or loss on the swaption would be equal to the difference between the cash or the fair value of the underlying interest rate swap and the premium paid.
TBA securities
A TBA security is a forward contract for the purchase or sale of Agency RMBS at a predetermined price, face amount, issuer, coupon and stated maturity on an agreed-upon future date. The specific Agency RMBS to be delivered into the contract are not known until shortly before the settlement date. We may choose, prior to settlement, to move the settlement of these securities out to a later date by entering into an offsetting TBA position, net settling the offsetting positions for cash, and simultaneously purchasing or selling a similar TBA contract for a later settlement date (together referred to as a "dollar roll transaction"). The Agency securities purchased or sold for a forward settlement date are typically priced at a discount to equivalent securities settling in the current month. This difference, or "price drop," is the economic equivalent of interest income on the underlying Agency securities, less an implied funding cost, over the forward settlement period (referred to as "dollar roll income"). Consequently, forward purchases of Agency securities and dollar roll transactions represent a form of off-balance sheet financing.
We account for TBA contracts as derivative instruments since either the TBA contracts do not settle in the shortest period of time possible or we cannot assert that it is probable at inception and throughout the term of the TBA contract that we will physically settle the contract on the settlement date. We account for TBA dollar roll transactions as a series of derivative transactions.
U.S. Treasury securities
We use U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Treasury futures contracts to mitigate the potential impact of changes in interest rates on the performance of our portfolio. We borrow U.S. Treasury securities under reverse repurchase agreements to cover short sales of U.S. Treasury securities. We account for these as securities borrowing transactions and recognize an obligation to return the borrowed securities at fair value on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets based on the value of the underlying U.S. Treasury security as of the reporting date. Gains and losses associated with U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Treasury futures contracts are recognized in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Fair Value Measurements
We determine the fair value of financial instruments based on our estimate of the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We utilize a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of the instrument as of the measurement date. We categorize a financial instrument within the hierarchy based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:
•Level 1 Inputs —Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical unrestricted assets and liabilities in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date.
•Level 2 Inputs —Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.
•Level 3 Inputs —Instruments with primarily unobservable market data that cannot be corroborated.
The majority of our financial instruments are classified as Level 2 inputs. The availability of observable inputs can be affected by a wide variety of factors, including the type of instrument, whether the instrument is new and not yet established in the marketplace and other characteristics particular to the instrument. We typically obtain price estimates from multiple third-
9

party pricing sources, such as pricing services and dealers, or, if applicable, the registered clearing exchange. We make inquiries of third-party pricing sources to understand the significant inputs and assumptions they used to determine their prices and that they are derived from orderly transactions, particularly during periods of elevated market turbulence and reduced market liquidity. We also review third-party price estimates and perform procedures to validate their reasonableness, including an analysis of the range of estimates for each position, comparison to recent trade activity for similar securities and for consistency with market conditions observed as of the measurement date. While we do not adjust prices we obtain from pricing sources, we will exclude prices for securities from our estimation of fair value if we determine based on our validation procedures and our market knowledge and expertise that the price is significantly different from what observable market data would indicate and we cannot obtain an understanding from the third-party source as to the significant inputs used to determine the price.
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis classified as Level 2 inputs. These instruments trade in active markets such that participants transact with sufficient frequency and volume to provide transparent pricing information on an ongoing basis. The liquidity of these markets and the similarity of our securities and derivative instruments to those actively traded enable our pricing sources and us to observe quoted prices in the market and utilize those prices as a basis for formulating fair value measurements.
Investment securities - are valued based on prices obtained from multiple third-party pricing sources. The pricing sources utilize various valuation approaches, including market and income approaches. For Agency RMBS, the pricing sources primarily utilize a matrix pricing technique that interpolates the estimated fair value based on observed quoted prices for forward contracts in the Agency RMBS "to-be-announced" market ("TBA securities") of the same coupon, maturity and issuer, adjusted to reflect the specific characteristics of the pool of mortgages underlying the Agency security, such as maximum loan balance, loan vintage, loan-to-value ratio, geography and other characteristics as may be appropriate. For other investment securities, the pricing sources primarily utilize discounted cash flow model-derived pricing techniques to estimate the fair value. Such models incorporate market-based discount rate assumptions based on observable inputs such as recent trading activity, credit data, volatility statistics, benchmark interest rate curves, spread measurements to benchmark curves and other market data that are current as of the measurement date and may include certain unobservable inputs, such as assumptions of future levels of prepayment, defaults and loss severities.
TBA securities - are valued using prices obtained from third-party pricing sources based on pricing models that reference recent trading activity.
Interest rate swaps - are valued using the daily settlement price, or fair value, determined by the clearing exchange based on a pricing model that references observable market inputs, including current benchmark rates and the forward yield curve.
Interest rate swaptions - are valued using prices obtained from the counterparty and other third-party pricing models. The pricing models are based on the value of the future interest rate swap that we have the option to enter into as well as the remaining length of time that we have to exercise the option based on observable market inputs, adjusted for non-performance risk, if any.
U.S. Treasury securities and futures are valued based on quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets and are classified as Level 1 assets. None of our financial instruments are classified as Level 3 inputs.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016 the Financial Account Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), which replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in prior GAAP with a methodology that better reflects expected credit losses. For financial instruments carried at amortized cost, impairment will be measured as a current estimate of expected lifetime credit losses. For available-for-sale investment securities with changes in fair value recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, the FASB made targeted improvements eliminating the write-down of available-for-sale securities under the "other-than-temporary" impairment model replacing it with an allowance for credit loss model. We adopted ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2020, which had no material effect on our financial results.
We consider the applicability and impact of all ASUs issued by the FASB. There are no unadopted ASUs that are expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements when adopted or other recently adopted ASUs that had a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

Note 4.3. Investment Securities
As of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, our investment portfolio consisted of $77.1$65.5 billion and $100.4$66.4 billion of investment securities, at fair value, respectively, and $20.5$24.8 billion and $7.4$31.5 billion of net TBA securities, at fair value, respectively. Our net TBA position is reported at its net carrying value of $130$(576) million and $25$275 million as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively, in derivative assets / (liabilities) on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The net carrying value of our TBA position represents the difference between the fair value of the underlying Agency security in the TBA contract and the cost basis or the forward price to be paid or received for the underlying Agency security.
As of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, our investment securities had a net unamortized premium balance of $2.9$2.5 billion and $3.1$2.4 billion, respectively.
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The following tables summarize our investment securities as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, excluding TBA securities, (dollars in millions). Details of our TBA securities as of each of the respective dates are included in Note 6.5.
June 30, 2020December 31, 2019 March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Investment SecuritiesInvestment SecuritiesAmortized
Cost		Fair ValueAmortized
Cost		Fair ValueInvestment SecuritiesAmortized
Cost		Fair ValueAmortized
Cost		Fair Value
Agency RMBS:Agency RMBS:Agency RMBS:
Fixed rateFixed rate$71,885  $75,165  $96,375  $98,074  Fixed rate$61,659 $63,122 $61,977 $64,615 
Adjustable rateAdjustable rate109  112  160  163  Adjustable rate61 62 69 70 
CMOCMO365  381  441  447  CMO249 259 289 301 
Interest-only and principal-only stripsInterest-only and principal-only strips128  155  146  164  Interest-only and principal-only strips96 113 105 126 
MultifamilyMultifamily17  19  37  39  Multifamily0 0 17 19 
Total Agency RMBSTotal Agency RMBS72,504  75,832  97,159  98,887  Total Agency RMBS62,065 63,556 62,457 65,131 
Non-Agency RMBSNon-Agency RMBS221  222  198  209  Non-Agency RMBS487 495 178 188 
CMBSCMBS361  377  352  370  CMBS356 373 333 358 
CRT securitiesCRT securities742  712  961  976  CRT securities1,067 1,073 733 737 
Total investment securitiesTotal investment securities$73,828  $77,143  $98,670  $100,442  Total investment securities$63,975 $65,497 $63,701 $66,414 
June 30, 2020 March 31, 2021
Agency RMBSNon-AgencyAgency RMBSNon-Agency
Investment SecuritiesInvestment SecuritiesFannie MaeFreddie MacGinnie
Mae		RMBSCMBSCRTTotalInvestment SecuritiesFannie MaeFreddie MacGinnie
Mae		RMBSCMBSCRTTotal
Available-for-sale securities:Available-for-sale securities:Available-for-sale securities:
Par valuePar value$11,774  $4,147  $16  $—  $—  $—  $15,937  Par value$8,375 $2,845 $2 $0 $0 $0 $11,222 
Unamortized discountUnamortized discount(6) (1) —  —  —  —  (7) Unamortized discount(4)(1)0 0 0 0 (5)
Unamortized premiumUnamortized premium538  211  —  —  —  —  749  Unamortized premium405 144 0 0 0 0 549 
Amortized costAmortized cost12,306  4,357  16  —  —  —  16,679  Amortized cost8,776 2,988 2 0 0 0 11,766 
Gross unrealized gainsGross unrealized gains581  183  1  —  —  —  765  Gross unrealized gains369 113 0 0 0 0 482 
Gross unrealized lossesGross unrealized losses(1) —  —  —  —  —  (1) Gross unrealized losses0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair valueTotal available-for-sale securities, at fair value12,886  4,540  17  —  —  —  17,443  Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value9,145 3,101 2 0 0 0 12,248 
Securities remeasured at fair value through earnings:Securities remeasured at fair value through earnings:Securities remeasured at fair value through earnings:
Par valuePar value32,084  21,537  4  229  357  730  54,941  Par value32,513 15,801 3 493 354 1,068 50,232 
Unamortized discountUnamortized discount(22) (2) —  (10) (2) (6) (42) Unamortized discount(19)(1)0 (12)(4)(12)(48)
Unamortized premiumUnamortized premium1,323  898  —  4  7  18  2,250  Unamortized premium1,312 690 0 6 6 11 2,025 
Amortized costAmortized cost33,385  22,433  4  223  362  742  57,149  Amortized cost33,806 16,490 3 487 356 1,067 52,209 
Gross unrealized gainsGross unrealized gains1,471  1,103  —  8  23  3  2,608  Gross unrealized gains875 463 0 10 18 13 1,379 
Gross unrealized lossesGross unrealized losses(4) (3) —  (9) (8) (33) (57) Gross unrealized losses(228)(101)0 (2)(1)(7)(339)
Total securities remeasured at fair value through earningsTotal securities remeasured at fair value through earnings34,852  23,533  4  222  377  712  59,700  Total securities remeasured at fair value through earnings34,453 16,852 3 495 373 1,073 53,249 
Total securities, at fair valueTotal securities, at fair value$47,738  $28,073  $21  $222  $377  $712  $77,143  Total securities, at fair value$43,598 $19,953 $5 $495 $373 $1,073 $65,497 
Weighted average coupon as of June 30, 20203.65 %3.80 %3.80 %4.15 %4.20 %3.46 %3.71 %
Weighted average yield as of June 30, 2020 1
2.60 %2.68 %2.23 %4.01 %4.11 %2.94 %2.64 %
Weighted average coupon as of March 31, 2021Weighted average coupon as of March 31, 20213.20 %3.27 %4.71 %3.16 %4.06 %3.30 %3.23 %
Weighted average yield as of March 31, 2021 1
Weighted average yield as of March 31, 2021 1
2.35 %2.36 %2.53 %1.56 %4.31 %3.79 %2.39 %
 ________________________________
1.Incorporates a weighted average future constant prepayment rate assumption of 16.6%11.3% based on forward rates as of June 30, 2020.March 31, 2021.
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December 31, 2019 December 31, 2020
Agency RMBSNon-AgencyAgency RMBSNon-Agency
Investment SecuritiesInvestment SecuritiesFannie 
Mae		Freddie MacGinnie 
Mae		RMBSCMBSCRTTotalInvestment SecuritiesFannie 
Mae		Freddie MacGinnie 
Mae		RMBSCMBSCRTTotal
Available-for-sale securities:Available-for-sale securities:Available-for-sale securities:
Par valuePar value$14,301  $4,762  $18  $—  $—  $—  $19,081  Par value$9,325 $3,416 $2 $0 $0 $0 $12,743 
Unamortized discountUnamortized discount(10) (2) —  —  —  —  (12) Unamortized discount(4)(1)0 0 0 0 (5)
Unamortized premiumUnamortized premium711  276  —  —  —  —  987  Unamortized premium389 152 0 0 0 0 541 
Amortized costAmortized cost15,002  5,036  18  —  —  —  20,056  Amortized cost9,710 3,567 2 0 0 0 13,279 
Gross unrealized gainsGross unrealized gains142  29  1  —  —  —  172  Gross unrealized gains539 180 0 0 0 0 719 
Gross unrealized lossesGross unrealized losses(50) (25) —  —  —  —  (75) Gross unrealized losses0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair valueTotal available-for-sale securities, at fair value15,094  5,040  19  —  —  —  20,153  Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value10,249 3,747 2 0 0 0 13,998 
Securities remeasured at fair value through earnings:Securities remeasured at fair value through earnings:Securities remeasured at fair value through earnings:
Par valuePar value45,106  29,881  —  208  348  937  76,480  Par value32,824 14,447 3 187 331 735 48,527 
Unamortized discountUnamortized discount(68) (2) —  (10) (3) (2) (85) Unamortized discount(18)(1)0 (12)(3)(12)(46)
Unamortized premiumUnamortized premium1,218  967  —  1  7  26  2,219  Unamortized premium1,314 607 0 4 6 10 1,941 
Amortized costAmortized cost46,256  30,846  —  199  352  961  78,614  Amortized cost34,120 15,053 3 179 334 733 50,422 
Gross unrealized gainsGross unrealized gains991  691  —  10  19  18  1,729  Gross unrealized gains1,280 683 0 11 28 12 2,014 
Gross unrealized lossesGross unrealized losses(32) (18) —  —  (1) (3) (54) Gross unrealized losses(5)(1)0 (2)(4)(8)(20)
Total securities remeasured at fair value through earningsTotal securities remeasured at fair value through earnings47,215  31,519  —  209  370  976  80,289  Total securities remeasured at fair value through earnings35,395 15,735 3 188 358 737 52,416 
Total securities, at fair valueTotal securities, at fair value$62,309  $36,559  $19  $209  $370  $976  $100,442  Total securities, at fair value$45,644 $19,482 $5 $188 $358 $737 $66,414 
Weighted average coupon as of December 31, 20193.62 %3.75 %3.77 %4.05 %4.49 %5.07 %3.68 %
Weighted average yield as of December 31, 2019 1
3.03 %3.09 %2.08 %4.39 %4.38 %4.05 %3.07 %
Weighted average coupon as of December 31, 2020Weighted average coupon as of December 31, 20203.30 %3.56 %4.73 %4.28 %4.13 %3.43 %3.39 %
Weighted average yield as of December 31, 2020 1
Weighted average yield as of December 31, 2020 1
2.25 %2.39 %2.46 %4.33 %4.29 %3.71 %2.33 %
 ________________________________
1.Incorporates a weighted average future constant prepayment rate assumption of 10.8%17.6% based on forward rates as of December 31, 2019.2020.
As of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, our investments in CRT and non-Agency securities had the following credit ratings:ratings (in millions):
June 30, 2020December 31, 2019 March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
CRT and Non-Agency Security Credit Ratings 1
CRT and Non-Agency Security Credit Ratings 1
CRTRMBSCMBSCRTRMBSCMBS
CRT and Non-Agency Security Credit Ratings 1
CRTRMBSCMBSCRTRMBSCMBS
AAAAAA$—  $—  $34  $—  $—  $43  AAA$0 $302 $20 $0 $0 $35 
AAAA—  69  223  —  81  214  AA0 20 167 0 20 190 
AA—  32  31  13  25  34  A0 33 34 0 32 28 
BBBBBB99  80  59  67  71  69  BBB71 81 63 28 83 55 
BBBB244  26  30  471  21  10  BB224 42 58 167 36 43 
BB251  5  —  308  4  —  B447 6 31 304 6 7 
Not RatedNot Rated118  10  —  117  7  —  Not Rated331 11 0 238 11 0 
TotalTotal$712  $222  $377  $976  $209  $370  Total$1,073 $495 $373 $737 $188 $358 
 ________________________________
1.Represents the lowest of Standard and Poor's ("S&P"), Moody's, Fitch, DBRS, Kroll Bond Rating Agency ("KBRA") and Morningstar credit ratings, stated in terms of the S&P equivalent rating as of each date.
Our CRT securities reference the performance of loans underlying Agency RMBS issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, which were subject to their underwriting standards.
The actual maturities of our investment securities are generally shorter than their stated contractual maturities. The actual maturities of our Agency and high credit quality non-Agency RMBS are primarily affected by principal prepayments and to a lesser degree the contractual lives of the underlying mortgages and periodic contractual principal repayments. The actual maturities of our credit-oriented investments are primarily impacted by their contractual lives and default and loss recovery rates. As of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the weighted average expected constant prepayment rate ("CPR") over the remaining life of our Agency and high credit quality non-Agency RMBS investment portfolio was 16.6%11.3% and 10.8%17.6%, respectively. Our estimates can differ materially for different securities and thus our individual holdings have a wide range of projected CPRs. The following table summarizes our investments as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 according to their estimated weighted average life classification (dollars in millions):
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 June 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Estimated Weighted Average Life of Investment SecuritiesFair ValueAmortized
Cost		Weighted
Average
Coupon		Weighted
Average
Yield		Fair ValueAmortized
Cost		Weighted
Average
Coupon		Weighted
Average
Yield
≤ 3 years$2,713  $2,686  3.48%1.88%$2,671  $2,654  3.54%2.61%
> 3 years and ≤ 5 years43,494  41,853  3.70%2.53%10,822  10,563  3.85%3.20%
> 5 years and ≤10 years30,864  29,210  3.73%2.88%86,492  85,002  3.67%3.07%
> 10 years72  79  4.33%3.39%457  451  3.31%3.06%
Total$77,143  $73,828  3.71%2.64%$100,442  $98,670  3.68%3.07%
The following table presents the gross unrealized loss and fair values of securities classified as available-for-sale by length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in millions):
 Unrealized Loss Position For
 Less than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
Securities Classified as Available-for-SaleFair
Value		Unrealized
Loss
Fair Value		Unrealized
Loss		Fair
Value		Unrealized
Loss
June 30, 2020$—  $—  $22  $(1) $22  $(1) 
December 31, 2019$1,653  $(12) $6,984  $(63) $8,637  $(75) 
 March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Estimated Weighted Average Life of Investment SecuritiesFair ValueAmortized
Cost		Weighted
Average
Coupon		Weighted
Average
Yield		Fair ValueAmortized
Cost		Weighted
Average
Coupon		Weighted
Average
Yield
≤ 3 years$1,417 $1,382 3.44%2.91%$3,642 $3,569 3.56%2.15%
> 3 years and ≤ 5 years11,282 11,039 3.06%2.14%47,740 45,578 3.54%2.42%
> 5 years and ≤10 years50,166 48,918 3.31%2.46%15,019 14,541 2.87%2.08%
> 10 years2,632 2,636 2.19%1.84%13 13 5.56%3.59%
Total$65,497 $63,975 3.23%2.39%$66,414 $63,701 3.39%2.33%
Gains and Losses on Sale of Investment Securities
The following table is a summary of our net gain (loss) from the sale of investment securities for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020 and 2019 by investment classification of accounting (in millions):
Three Months Ended June 30,
20202019
Investment Securities
Available-for-Sale
Securities 2
Fair Value Option SecuritiesTotal
Available-for-Sale
Securities 2
Fair Value Option SecuritiesTotal
Investment securities sold, at cost$(1,278) $(4,472) $(5,750) $(366) $(7,769) $(8,135) 
Proceeds from investment securities sold 1
1,317  4,586  5,903  361  7,906  8,267  
Net gain (loss) on sale of investment securities$39  $114  $153  $(5) $137  $132  
Gross gain on sale of investment securities$39  $129  $168  $—  $138  $138  
Gross loss on sale of investment securities—  (15) (15) (5) (1) (6) 
Net gain (loss) on sale of investment securities$39  $114  $153  $(5) $137  $132  

Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2020201920212020
Investment SecuritiesInvestment Securities
Available-for-Sale
Securities 2
Fair Value Option SecuritiesTotal
Available-for-Sale
Securities 2
Fair Value Option SecuritiesTotalInvestment Securities
Available-for-Sale
Securities 2
Fair Value Option SecuritiesTotal
Available-for-Sale
Securities 2
Fair Value Option SecuritiesTotal
Investment securities sold, at costInvestment securities sold, at cost$(1,433) $(53,912) $(55,345) $(705) $(12,331) $(13,036) Investment securities sold, at cost$(493)$(5,864)$(6,357)$(155)$(49,440)$(49,595)
Proceeds from investment securities sold 1
Proceeds from investment securities sold 1
1,473  54,519  55,992  696  12,532  13,228  
Proceeds from investment securities sold 1
511 5,833 6,344 156 49,933 50,089 
Net gain (loss) on sale of investment securitiesNet gain (loss) on sale of investment securities$40  $607  $647  $(9) $201  $192  Net gain (loss) on sale of investment securities$18 $(31)$(13)$1 $493 $494 
Gross gain on sale of investment securitiesGross gain on sale of investment securities$40  $696  $736  $—  $204  $204  Gross gain on sale of investment securities$18 $49 $67 $1 $567 $568 
Gross loss on sale of investment securitiesGross loss on sale of investment securities—  (89) (89) (9) (3) (12) Gross loss on sale of investment securities0 (80)(80)0 (74)(74)
Net gain (loss) on sale of investment securitiesNet gain (loss) on sale of investment securities$40  $607  $647  $(9) $201  $192  Net gain (loss) on sale of investment securities$18 $(31)$(13)$1 $493 $494 
  ________________________________
1.Proceeds include cash received during the period, plus receivable for investment securities sold during the period as of period end.
2.See Note 109 for a summary of changes in accumulated OCI. 

Note 5.4. Repurchase Agreements and Reverse Repurchase Agreements
Repurchase Agreements
We pledge our securities as collateral under our borrowings structured as repurchase agreements with financial institutions. Amounts available to be borrowed are dependent upon the fair value of the securities pledged as collateral, which
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fluctuates with changes in interest rates, type of security and liquidity conditions within the banking, mortgage finance and real estate industries. If the fair value of our pledged securities declines, lenders will typically require us to post additional collateral or pay down borrowings to re-establish agreed upon collateral requirements, referred to as "margin calls." Similarly, if the fair value of our pledged securities increases, lenders may release collateral back to us. As of June 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, we had met all margin call requirements. For additional information regarding our pledged assets, please refer to Note 7.6.
As of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, we had $69.7$55.1 billion and $89.2$52.4 billion, respectively, of repurchase agreements outstanding used to fund our investment portfolio and temporary holdings of U.S. Treasury securities.portfolio. The terms and conditions of our repurchase agreements are typically negotiated on a transaction-by-transaction basis. Our repurchase agreements with original maturities greater than one year may have floating interest rates based on an index plus or minus a fixed spread. The following table summarizes our borrowings under repurchase agreements by their remaining maturities as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 (dollars in millions):
 June 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Remaining MaturityRepurchase AgreementsWeighted
Average
Interest
Rate		Weighted
Average Days
to Maturity		Repurchase AgreementsWeighted
Average
Interest
Rate		Weighted
Average Days
to Maturity
Agency repo:
≤ 1 month$44,718  0.30 %11  $56,664  2.19 %10  
> 1 to ≤ 3 months10,132  0.32 %50  20,761  2.01 %53  
> 3 to ≤ 6 months2,585  0.25 %103  5,683  2.19 %100  
> 6 to ≤ 9 months6,690  1.43 %195  1,500  2.66 %182  
> 9 to ≤ 12 months5,041  0.32 %308  2,152  2.41 %351  
> 12 to ≤ 24 months—  — %—  625  2.38 %411  
> 24 to ≤ 36 months—  — %—  1,700  2.45 %833  
  Total Agency repo69,166  0.41 %60  89,085  2.17 %55  
U.S. Treasury repo:
> 1 day to ≤ 1 month519  0.12 %1  97  1.63 %2  
Total$69,685  0.41 %59  $89,182  2.17 %55  
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 March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Remaining MaturityRepurchase AgreementsWeighted
Average
Interest
Rate		Weighted
Average Days
to Maturity		Repurchase AgreementsWeighted
Average
Interest
Rate		Weighted
Average Days
to Maturity
Agency repo:
≤ 1 month$31,193 0.12 %14 $29,505 0.22 %12 
> 1 to ≤ 3 months11,357 0.23 %65 13,434 0.27 %57 
> 3 to ≤ 6 months5,552 0.18 %139 7,317 0.28 %142 
> 6 to ≤ 9 months3,850 0.14 %270 660 0.24 %208 
> 9 to ≤ 12 months2,479 0.17 %316 1,450 0.15 %354 
> 12 to ≤ 24 months625 0.19 %406 0 0 %0 
Total$55,056 0.15 %73 $52,366 0.24 %54 
As of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019, $13.02020, $4.3 billion and $17.0$11.2 billion, respectively, of our repurchase agreements had a remaining maturity of one business day and none of our repurchase agreements were due on demand. As of June 30,March 31, 2021, we had no forward commitments to enter into repurchase agreements. As of December 31, 2020, we had $1.5$2.9 billion of forward commitments to enter into repurchase agreements, with a weighted average forward start date of 1 day and a weighted average interest rate of 0.30%. As of December 31, 2019, we had $4.5 billion of forward commitments to enter into repurchase agreements, with a weighted average forward start date of 124 days and a weighted average interest rate of 1.60%0.12%. As of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019, 48%2020, 45% and 40%47%, respectively, of our repurchase agreement funding was sourced through our wholly-owned captive broker-dealer subsidiary, Bethesda Securities, LLC ("BES"). Amounts sourced through BES include funding from the General Collateral Finance Repo service ("GCF Repo") offered by the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation ("FICC"), which totaled 47%44% and 38%46% of our repurchase agreement funding outstanding as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, we terminated $3.7 billion of repurchase agreements with a weighted average interest rate of 2.11% and a weighted average remaining maturity of 2.2 years. The terminated agreements were replaced with shorter duration repurchase agreements at lower prevailing market rates. We recognized losses on debt extinguishment of $146 million in other gain (loss), net for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 associated with the terminated repurchase agreements. We did not terminate any repurchase agreements during the prior year periods.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
As of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, we had $7.9$16.8 billion and $10.2$11.7 billion, respectively, of reverse repurchase agreements outstanding used primarily to borrow securities to cover short sales of U.S. Treasury securities, for which we had associated obligations to return borrowed securities at fair value of $7.9$15.1 billion and $9.5$11.7 billion, respectively. As of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019, $4.32020, $3.3 billion and $5.4$3.6 billion, respectively, of our reverse repurchase agreements were with the FICC sourced through BES.

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Note 6.5. Derivative and Other Hedging Instruments
We hedge a portion of our interest rate risk primarily utilizing interest rate swaps, interest rate swaptions, U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Treasury futures contracts. We utilize TBA securities primarily as a means of investing in the Agency securities market. For additional information regarding our derivative instruments and our overall risk management strategy, please refer to the discussion of derivative and other hedging instruments in Note 3.2.
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Derivative and Other Hedging Instrument Assets (Liabilities), at Fair Value
The table below summarizes fair value information about our derivative and other hedging instrument assets/(liabilities) as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 (in millions):
Derivative and Other Hedging InstrumentsDerivative and Other Hedging InstrumentsBalance Sheet Location
June 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
Derivative and Other Hedging InstrumentsBalance Sheet Location
March 31,
2021
December 31,
2020
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swapsDerivative assets, at fair value$—  $21  Interest rate swapsDerivative assets, at fair value$45 $0 
SwaptionsSwaptionsDerivative assets, at fair value6  126  SwaptionsDerivative assets, at fair value607 116 
TBA securitiesTBA securitiesDerivative assets, at fair value130  29  TBA securitiesDerivative assets, at fair value13 275 
U.S. Treasury futures - shortU.S. Treasury futures - shortDerivative assets, at fair value—  14  U.S. Treasury futures - shortDerivative assets, at fair value33 0 
OtherDerivative assets, at fair value4  —  
Total derivative assets, at fair valueTotal derivative assets, at fair value$140  $190  Total derivative assets, at fair value$698 $391 
Interest rate swapsDerivative liabilities, at fair value$—  $(2) 
TBA securitiesTBA securitiesDerivative liabilities, at fair value—  (4) TBA securitiesDerivative liabilities, at fair value(589)0 
U.S. Treasury futures - shortU.S. Treasury futures - shortDerivative liabilities, at fair value(3) —  U.S. Treasury futures - shortDerivative liabilities, at fair value0 (2)
Total derivative liabilities, at fair valueTotal derivative liabilities, at fair value$(3) $(6) Total derivative liabilities, at fair value$(589)$(2)
U.S. Treasury securities - longU.S. Treasury securities, at fair value$1,181  $97  
U.S. Treasury securities - shortU.S. Treasury securities - shortObligation to return securities borrowed under reverse repurchase agreements, at fair value(7,929) (9,543) U.S. Treasury securities - shortObligation to return securities borrowed under reverse repurchase agreements, at fair value(15,090)(11,727)
Total U.S. Treasury securities, net at fair valueTotal U.S. Treasury securities, net at fair value$(6,748) $(9,446) Total U.S. Treasury securities, net at fair value$(15,090)$(11,727)

The following tables summarize certain characteristics of our derivative and other hedging instruments outstanding as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 (dollars in millions):
June 30, 2020December 31, 2019 March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Pay Fixed / Receive Variable Interest Rate SwapsPay Fixed / Receive Variable Interest Rate SwapsNotional
Amount		Average
Fixed Pay 
Rate		Average
Receive
Rate		Average
Maturity
(Years)		Notional
Amount		Average
Fixed Pay 
Rate		Average
Receive
Rate		Average
Maturity
(Years)		Pay Fixed / Receive Variable Interest Rate SwapsNotional
Amount		Average
Fixed Pay 
Rate		Average
Receive
Rate		Average
Maturity
(Years)		Notional
Amount		Average
Fixed Pay 
Rate		Average
Receive
Rate		Average
Maturity
(Years)
≤ 3 years≤ 3 years$8,500  0.24%0.21%2.4$59,700  1.30%1.58%1.6≤ 3 years$14,000 0.12%0.02%2.4$8,750 0.04%0.08%2.4
> 3 to ≤ 5 years> 3 to ≤ 5 years16,500  0.20%0.08%4.39,850  1.17%1.55%3.8> 3 to ≤ 5 years17,750 0.11%0.03%3.917,000 0.10%0.08%4.1
> 5 to ≤ 7 years> 5 to ≤ 7 years12,950  0.56%0.14%6.25,650  1.34%1.70%6.4> 5 to ≤ 7 years9,800 0.21%0.02%5.69,800 0.21%0.08%5.8
> 7 to ≤ 10 years> 7 to ≤ 10 years3,150  0.78%0.08%8.62,850  1.36%1.58%8.9> 7 to ≤ 10 years6,700 0.36%0.02%8.36,200 0.28%0.07%8.5
> 10 years> 10 years975  1.30%0.16%15.71,025  1.64%1.78%15.4> 10 years1,475 0.47%0.02%13.91,475 0.47%0.07%14.2
TotalTotal$42,075  0.39%0.13%5.1$79,075  1.29%1.59%2.7Total$49,725 0.18%0.02%4.7$43,225 0.15%0.08%5.1

Pay Fixed / Receive Variable Interest Rate Swaps by Receive Index (% of Notional Amount)Pay Fixed / Receive Variable Interest Rate Swaps by Receive Index (% of Notional Amount)June 30, 2020December 31, 2019Pay Fixed / Receive Variable Interest Rate Swaps by Receive Index (% of Notional Amount)
March 31,
2021
December 31, 2020
SOFRSOFR74 %71 %
OISOIS79 %86 %OIS26 %29 %
SOFR16 %3 %
3M LIBOR5 %11 %
TotalTotal100 %100 %Total100 %100 %
1415

SwaptionsSwaptionsOptionUnderlying Payer SwapSwaptionsOptionUnderlying Payer Swap
Current Option Expiration DateCurrent Option Expiration DateCost BasisFair Value
Average
Months to Current Option
Expiration Date 1
Notional
Amount
Average Fixed Pay
Rate 2
Average
Term
(Years)		Current Option Expiration DateCost BasisFair Value
Average
Months to Current Option
Expiration Date 1
Notional
Amount
Average Fixed Pay
Rate 2
Average
Term
(Years)
June 30, 2020
March 31, 2021March 31, 2021
≤ 1 year≤ 1 year$150  $2  6$7,850  2.29%9.4≤ 1 year$116 $110 6$5,400 2.17%9.0
> 1 year ≤ 2 years> 1 year ≤ 2 years25  4  161,500  1.85%10.0> 1 year ≤ 2 years62 182 202,750 1.39%10.0
> 2 year ≤ 3 years> 2 year ≤ 3 years129 292 334,750 1.96%10.0
> 3 year ≤ 4 years> 3 year ≤ 4 years8 23 37250 1.43%10.0
TotalTotal$175  $6  7$9,350  2.22%9.5Total$315 $607 19$13,150 1.92%9.6
December 31, 2019
December 31, 2020December 31, 2020
≤ 1 year≤ 1 year$123  $80  8$5,650  2.26%9.3≤ 1 year$123 $15 5$5,900 2.17%9.2
> 1 year ≤ 2 years> 1 year ≤ 2 years53  46  163,200  2.50%10.0> 1 year ≤ 2 years41 33 202,000 1.38%10.0
> 2 year ≤ 3 years> 2 year ≤ 3 years65 60 332,250 1.40%10.0
> 3 year ≤ 4 years> 3 year ≤ 4 years8 8 40250 1.43%10.0
TotalTotal$176  $126  11$8,850  2.34%9.5Total$237 $116 15$10,400 1.84%9.5

1.As of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, ≤ 1 year notional amount includes $700 million of Bermudan swaptions where the options may be exercised on predetermined dates up to their final exercise date, which is six months prior to the underlying swaps' maturity date.
2.As of June 30, 2020, 79%March 31, 2021, 20% and 21%80% of the underlying swap receive rates were tied to 3-Month LIBOR and SOFR, respectively, and, asrespectively. As of December 31, 2019, 100%2020, 33% and 67% of the underlying payer swap receive rates were tied to 3-Month LIBOR.LIBOR and SOFR, respectively.
U.S. Treasury SecuritiesU.S. Treasury SecuritiesJune 30, 2020December 31, 2019U.S. Treasury SecuritiesMarch 31, 2021December 31, 2020
MaturityMaturityFace Amount Long/(Short)
Cost Basis 1
Fair ValueFace Amount Long/(Short)
Cost Basis 1
Fair ValueMaturityFace Amount Long/(Short)
Cost Basis 1
Fair ValueFace Amount Long/(Short)
Cost Basis 1
Fair Value
5 years5 years$(477) $(444) $(434) $95  $95  $97  5 years$(1,965)$(1,946)$(1,921)$(425)$(425)$(425)
7 years7 years(1,008) (1,007) (1,020) —  —  —  7 years(1,333)(1,323)(1,282)(1,083)(1,081)(1,089)
10 years10 years(4,630) (4,816) (5,294) (9,224) (9,329) (9,543) 10 years(12,229)(12,269)(11,887)(9,780)(9,862)(10,213)
Total U.S. Treasury securitiesTotal U.S. Treasury securities$(6,115) $(6,267) $(6,748) $(9,129) $(9,234) $(9,446) Total U.S. Treasury securities$(15,527)$(15,538)$(15,090)$(11,288)$(11,368)$(11,727)

1.As of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, short U.S. Treasury securities had a weighted average yield of 1.33%1.17% and 2.19%, respectively, and long U.S. Treasury securities had a weighted average yield of 0.61% and 2.21%1.20%, respectively.
U.S. Treasury Futures U.S. Treasury FuturesJune 30, 2020December 31, 2019 U.S. Treasury FuturesMarch 31, 2021December 31, 2020
MaturityMaturityNotional 
Amount
Long (Short)		Cost
Basis		Fair
Value
Net Carrying Value 1
Notional 
Amount
Long (Short)		Cost
Basis		Fair
Value
Net Carrying Value 1
MaturityNotional 
Amount
Long (Short)		Cost
Basis		Fair
Value
Net Carrying Value 1
Notional 
Amount
Long (Short)		Cost
Basis		Fair
Value
Net Carrying Value 1
10 years10 years$(1,000) $(1,389) $(1,392) $(3) $(1,000) $(1,298) $(1,284) $14  10 years$(1,000)$(1,342)$(1,309)$33 $(1,000)$(1,379)$(1,381)$(2)

1.Net carrying value represents the difference between the fair market value and the cost basis (or the forward price to be paid/(received) for the underlying U.S. Treasury security) of the U.S. Treasury futures contract as of period-end and is reported in derivative assets/(liabilities), at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets.
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June 30, 2020December 31, 2019 March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
TBA Securities by CouponTBA Securities by CouponNotional 
Amount
Long (Short)		Cost
Basis		Fair
Value
Net Carrying Value 1
Notional 
Amount
Long (Short)		Cost
Basis		Fair
Value
Net Carrying Value 1
TBA Securities by CouponNotional 
Amount
Long (Short)		Cost
Basis		Fair
Value
Net Carrying Value 1
Notional 
Amount
Long (Short)		Cost
Basis		Fair
Value
Net Carrying Value 1
15-Year TBA securities:15-Year TBA securities:15-Year TBA securities:
≤ 2.0%≤ 2.0%$(2,584)$(2,695)$(2,699)(4)$6,540 $6,708 $6,771 $63 
2.5%2.5%328 343 341 (2)200 208 209 1 
Total 15-Year TBA securitiesTotal 15-Year TBA securities(2,256)(2,352)(2,358)(6)6,740 6,916 6,980 64 
30-Year TBA securities:30-Year TBA securities:
≤ 2.0%≤ 2.0%10,346 10,778 10,294 (484)19,805 20,314 20,480 166 
2.5%2.5%$7,296  $7,522  $7,557  $35  $805  $811  $812  $1  2.5%14,524 14,932 14,855 (77)3,167 3,291 3,335 44 
3.0%3.0%75  79  79  —  1,059  1,083  1,086  3  3.0%1,503 1,571 1,565 (6)528 552 553 1 
3.5%3.5%—  —  —  —  241  250  250  —  3.5%401 426 423 (3)124 131 131 0 
4.0%—  —  —  —  75  78  78  —  
Total 15-Year TBA securities7,371  7,601  7,636  35  2,180  2,222  2,226  4  
30-Year TBA securities:
≤ 2.5%10,758  11,091  11,187  96  —  —  —  —  
3.0%908  951  955  4  5,008  5,052  5,073  21  
3.5%99  105  104  (1) 1,226  1,259  1,261  2  
4.0%624  665  661  (4) (1,507) (1,565) (1,568) (3) 
≥ 4.5%—  —  —  —  415  436  437  1  
Total 30-Year TBA securities, netTotal 30-Year TBA securities, net12,389  12,812  12,907  95  5,142  5,182  5,203  21  Total 30-Year TBA securities, net26,774 27,707 27,137 (570)23,624 24,288 24,499 211 
Total TBA securities, netTotal TBA securities, net$19,760  $20,413  $20,543  $130  $7,322  $7,404  $7,429  $25  Total TBA securities, net$24,518 $25,355 $24,779 $(576)$30,364 $31,204 $31,479 $275 

1.Net carrying value represents the difference between the fair market value and the cost basis (or the forward price to be paid/(received) for the underlying Agency security) of the TBA contract as of period-end and is reported in derivative assets/(liabilities), at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets.

Gain (Loss) From Derivative Instruments and Other Securities, Net
The following table summarizes changes in our derivative and other hedge portfolio and their effect on our consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020 and 2019 (in millions):
Derivative and Other Hedging InstrumentsBeginning
Notional Amount		AdditionsSettlement, Termination,
Expiration or
Exercise		Ending
Notional Amount
Gain/(Loss)
on Derivative Instruments and Other Securities, Net 1
Three months ended June 30, 2020:
TBA securities, net$20,279  75,186  (75,705) $19,760  $220  
Interest rate swaps - payer$46,475  25,750  (30,150) $42,075  (379) 
Payer swaptions$9,550  —  (200) $9,350  (14) 
U.S. Treasury securities - short position$(4,245) (4,187) 1,185  $(7,247) (60) 
U.S. Treasury securities - long position$3,569  550  (2,987) $1,132  4  
U.S. Treasury futures contracts - short position$(1,000) (1,000) 1,000  $(1,000) (8) 
$(237) 
Three months ended June 30, 2019:
TBA securities, net$6,822  27,859  (23,638) $11,043  $163  
Interest rate swaps$48,175  65,000  (38,225) $74,950  (1,019) 
Payer swaptions$2,550  2,650  (800) $4,400  (25) 
U.S. Treasury securities - short position$(18,735) (2,536) 14,026  $(7,245) (505) 
U.S. Treasury securities - long position$120  1,018  (4) $1,134  6  
U.S. Treasury futures contracts - short position$(1,650) (1,650) 1,650  $(1,650) (57) 
$(1,437) 
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Six months ended June 30, 2020:
Derivative and Other Hedging InstrumentsDerivative and Other Hedging InstrumentsBeginning
Notional Amount		AdditionsSettlement, Termination,
Expiration or
Exercise		Ending
Notional Amount
Gain/(Loss)
on Derivative Instruments and Other Securities, Net 1
Three months ended March 31, 2021:Three months ended March 31, 2021:
TBA securities, netTBA securities, net$7,322  112,936  (100,498) $19,760  $913  TBA securities, net$30,364 93,336 (99,182)$24,518 $(926)
Interest rate swaps - payerInterest rate swaps - payer$79,075  75,725  (112,725) $42,075  (3,174) Interest rate swaps - payer$43,225 7,000 (500)$49,725 1,124 
Payer swaptionsPayer swaptions$8,850  2,000  (1,500) $9,350  (148) Payer swaptions$10,400 4,250 (1,500)$13,150 387 
U.S. Treasury securities - short positionU.S. Treasury securities - short position$(9,224) (10,232) 12,209  $(7,247) (997) U.S. Treasury securities - short position$(11,287)(7,261)3,021 $(15,527)807 
U.S. Treasury securities - long positionU.S. Treasury securities - long position$95  7,011  (5,974) $1,132  101  U.S. Treasury securities - long position$0 1,315 (1,315)$0 (10)
U.S. Treasury futures contracts - short positionU.S. Treasury futures contracts - short position$(1,000) (2,000) 2,000  $(1,000) (112) U.S. Treasury futures contracts - short position$(1,000)(1,000)1,000 $(1,000)61 
$(3,417) $1,443 
Six months ended June 30, 2019:
Three months ended March 31, 2020:Three months ended March 31, 2020:
TBA securities, netTBA securities, net$7,152  46,301  (42,410) $11,043  $246  TBA securities, net$7,322 37,750 (24,793)$20,279 $693 
Interest rate swaps$51,625  70,350  (47,025) $74,950  (1,615) 
Interest rate swaps - payerInterest rate swaps - payer$79,075 49,975 (82,575)$46,475 (2,795)
Payer swaptionsPayer swaptions$3,500  2,650  (1,750) $4,400  (52) Payer swaptions$8,850 2,000 (1,300)$9,550 (134)
U.S. Treasury securities - short positionU.S. Treasury securities - short position$(21,345) (7,306) 21,406  $(7,245) (930) U.S. Treasury securities - short position$(9,224)(6,045)11,024 $(4,245)(937)
U.S. Treasury securities - long positionU.S. Treasury securities - long position$45  1,423  (334) $1,134  6  U.S. Treasury securities - long position$95 6,461 (2,987)$3,569 97 
U.S. Treasury futures contracts - short positionU.S. Treasury futures contracts - short position$(1,650) (3,300) 3,300  $(1,650) (88) U.S. Treasury futures contracts - short position$(1,000)(1,000)1,000 $(1,000)(104)
$(2,433) $(3,180)

1.Amounts exclude $146 million of losses on debt extinguishment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 (see Note 5) and other miscellaneous gains and losses for all periods presented recognized in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Note 7.6. Pledged Assets
Our funding agreements require us to fully collateralize our obligations under the agreements based upon our counterparties' collateral requirements and their determination of the fair value of the securities pledged as collateral, which fluctuates with changes in interest rates, credit quality and liquidity conditions within the investment banking, mortgage finance and real estate industries. Our derivative contracts similarly require us to fully collateralize our obligations under such agreements, which will vary over time based on similar factors as well as our counterparties' determination of the value of the derivative contract. We are typically required to post initial margin upon execution of derivative transactions, such as under our
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interest rate swap agreements and TBA contracts, and subsequently post or receive variation margin based on daily fluctuations in fair value. Our brokerage and custody agreements and the clearing organizations utilized by our wholly-owned captive broker-dealer subsidiary, Bethesda Securities, LLC, also require that we post minimum daily clearing deposits. If we breach our collateral requirements, we will be required to fully settle our obligations under the agreements, which could include a forced liquidation of our pledged collateral.
Our counterparties also apply a "haircut" to our pledged collateral, which means our collateral is valued at slightly less than market value and limits the amount we can borrow against our securities. This haircut reflects the underlying risk of the specific collateral and protects our counterparty against a change in its value. Our agreements do not specify the haircut; rather, haircuts are determined on an individual transaction basis. Consequently, our funding agreements and derivative contracts expose us to credit risk relating to potential losses that could be recognized if our counterparties fail to perform their obligations under such agreements. We minimize this risk by limiting our counterparties to major financial institutions with acceptable credit ratings or to registered clearinghouses and U.S. government agencies, and we monitor our positions with individual counterparties. In the event of a default by a counterparty, we may have difficulty obtaining our assets pledged as collateral to such counterparty and may not receive payments as and when due to us under the terms of our derivative agreements. In the case of centrally cleared instruments, we could be exposed to credit risk if the central clearing agency or a clearing member defaults on its respective obligation to perform under the contract. However, we believe that the risk is minimal due to the clearing exchanges' initial and daily mark-to-market margin requirements, clearinghouse guarantee funds and other resources that are available in the event of a clearing member default.
As of June 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, our maximum amount at risk with any counterparty related to our repurchase agreements, excluding the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation, was less than 3%2% of our tangible stockholders' equity (measured as(or the excessexcess/shortfall of the value of collateral pledgedpledged/received over the amount of our repurchase liabilities)agreement liabilities/reverse repurchase agreement receivables). As of June 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, approximately 11%9% of our tangible stockholder's equity was at risk with the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation.
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Assets Pledged to Counterparties
The following tables summarize our assets pledged as collateral under our funding, derivative and brokerage and clearing agreements by type, including securities pledged related to securities sold but not yet settled, as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 (in millions):
June 30, 2020March 31, 2021
Assets Pledged to Counterparties 1
Assets Pledged to Counterparties 1
Repurchase Agreements 2
Debt of Consolidated VIEsDerivative Agreements
Brokerage and Clearing Agreements 3
Total
Assets Pledged to Counterparties 1
Repurchase Agreements 2
Debt of Consolidated VIEsDerivative Agreements
Brokerage and Clearing Agreements 3
Total
Agency RMBS - fair valueAgency RMBS - fair value$70,357  $344  $—  $176  $70,877  Agency RMBS - fair value$55,977 $270 $319 $153 $56,719 
CRT - fair valueCRT - fair value490  —  —  —  490  CRT - fair value406 — 0 — 406 
Non-Agency - fair valueNon-Agency - fair value514  —  —  —  514  Non-Agency - fair value414 — 0 — 414 
U.S. Treasury securities - fair valueU.S. Treasury securities - fair value668  —  468  —  1,136  U.S. Treasury securities - fair value342 — 0 1,039 1,381 
Accrued interest on pledged securitiesAccrued interest on pledged securities203  1  2  —  206  Accrued interest on pledged securities145 1 1 0 147 
Restricted cashRestricted cash658  —  648  —  1,306  Restricted cash34 — 779 0 813 
TotalTotal$72,890  $345  $1,118  $176  $74,529  Total$57,318 $271 $1,099 $1,192 $59,880 
December 31, 2019December 31, 2020
Assets Pledged to Counterparties 1
Assets Pledged to Counterparties 1
Repurchase Agreements 2
Debt of Consolidated VIEsDerivative Agreements
Brokerage and Clearing Agreements 3
Total
Assets Pledged to Counterparties 1
Repurchase Agreements 2
Debt of Consolidated VIEsDerivative Agreements
Brokerage and Clearing Agreements 3
Total
Agency RMBS - fair valueAgency RMBS - fair value$92,142  $371  $404  $206  $93,123  Agency RMBS - fair value$53,401 $295 $365 $258 $54,319 
CRT - fair valueCRT - fair value309  —  —  —  309  CRT - fair value455 — 0 — 455 
U.S. Treasury securities - fair value453  —  —  28  481  
Non-Agency - fair valueNon-Agency - fair value458 — 0 — 458 
Accrued interest on pledged securitiesAccrued interest on pledged securities267  1  1  1  270  Accrued interest on pledged securities147 1 1 1 150 
Restricted cashRestricted cash111  —  340—  451  Restricted cash417 — 8900 1,307 
TotalTotal$93,282  $372  $745  $235  $94,634  Total$54,878 $296 $1,256 $259 $56,689 

1.Includes repledged assets received as collateral from counterparties and securities sold but not yet settled.
2.Includes $111$106 million and $144$119 million of retained interests in our consolidated VIEs pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively.
3.Includes margin for TBAs cleared through prime brokers and other clearing deposits.
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The following table summarizes our securities pledged as collateral under our repurchase agreements by the remaining maturity of our borrowings, including securities pledged related to sold but not yet settled securities, as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 (in millions). For the corresponding borrowings associated with the following amounts and the interest rates thereon, refer to Note 54.
June 30, 2020December 31, 2019 March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Securities Pledged by Remaining Maturity of Repurchase Agreements 1,2
Securities Pledged by Remaining Maturity of Repurchase Agreements 1,2
Fair Value of Pledged SecuritiesAmortized
Cost of Pledged Securities		Accrued
Interest on
Pledged
Securities		Fair Value of Pledged SecuritiesAmortized
Cost of Pledged Securities		Accrued
Interest on
Pledged
Securities
Securities Pledged by Remaining Maturity of Repurchase Agreements 1,2
Fair Value of Pledged SecuritiesAmortized
Cost of
Pledged Securities		Accrued
Interest on
Pledged
Securities		Fair Value of Pledged SecuritiesAmortized
Cost of
Pledged Securities		Accrued
Interest on
Pledged
Securities
≤ 30 days ≤ 30 days$46,347  $44,231  $131  $56,990  $55,951  $167   ≤ 30 days$31,543 $30,658 $81 $29,674 $28,208 $82 
> 30 and ≤ 60 days > 30 and ≤ 60 days7,659  7,308  22  14,410  14,114  42   > 30 and ≤ 60 days4,205 4,080 12 8,438 8,013 23 
> 60 and ≤ 90 days > 60 and ≤ 90 days2,953  2,838  8  7,637  7,536  20   > 60 and ≤ 90 days6,975 6,797 17 5,782 5,495 16 
> 90 days > 90 days15,070  14,447  42  13,510  13,286  38   > 90 days14,074 13,786 35 10,420 10,068 26 
TotalTotal$72,029  $68,824  $203  $92,547  $90,887  $267  Total$56,797 $55,321 $145 $54,314 $51,784 $147 

1.Includes $111$106 million and $144$119 million of retained interests in our consolidated VIEs pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively.
2.Excludes $357 million$1.4 billion of repledged U.S. Treasury securities received as collateral from counterparties as of DecemberMarch 31, 2019.2021.
Assets Pledged from Counterparties
As of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, we had assets pledged to us from counterparties as collateral under our reverse repurchase and derivative agreements summarized in the tables below (in millions).
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June 30, 2020December 31, 2019March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Assets Pledged to AGNCAssets Pledged to AGNCReverse Repurchase AgreementsDerivative AgreementsRepurchase AgreementsTotalReverse Repurchase AgreementsDerivative AgreementsRepurchase AgreementsTotalAssets Pledged to AGNCReverse Repurchase AgreementsDerivative AgreementsRepurchase AgreementsTotalReverse Repurchase AgreementsDerivative AgreementsRepurchase AgreementsTotal
U.S. Treasury securities - fair value 1
U.S. Treasury securities - fair value 1
$7,931  $—  $8  $7,939  $10,099  $—  $1  $10,100  
U.S. Treasury securities - fair value 1
$16,633 $0 $10 $16,643 $11,727 $0 $13 $11,740 
CashCash—  7  17  24  —  116  —  116  Cash— 594 10 604 — 107 3 110 
TotalTotal$7,931  $7  $25  $7,963  $10,099  $116  $1  $10,216  Total$16,633 $594 $20 $17,247 $11,727 $107 $16 $11,850 

1.As of June 30, 2020 and DecemberMarch 31, 2019, $0 million and $357 million, respectively,2021, $1.4 billion of U.S. Treasury securities received from counterparties were repledged as collateralcollateral. As of March 31, 2021 and $7.9December 31, 2020, $15.1 billion and $9.5$11.7 billion, respectively, of U.S. Treasury securities received from counterparties were used to cover short sales of U.S. Treasury securities.
Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
Certain of our repurchase agreements and derivative transactions are governed by underlying agreements that generally provide for a right of setoff under master netting arrangements (or similar agreements), including in the event of default or in the event of bankruptcy of either party to the transactions. We present our assets and liabilities subject to such arrangements on a gross basis in our consolidated balance sheets. The following tables present information about our assets and liabilities that are subject to master netting arrangements and can potentially be offset on our consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 (in millions):
Offsetting of Financial and Derivative Assets
 Gross Amounts of Recognized AssetsGross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance SheetsNet Amounts of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance SheetsGross Amounts Not Offset
in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets		Net Amount
Financial Instruments
Collateral Received 2
June 30, 2020
Interest rate swap and swaption agreements, at fair value 1
$6  $—  $6  $—  $(6) $—  
TBA securities, at fair value130  —  130  —  —  130  
Receivable under reverse repurchase agreements7,944  —  7,944  (6,082) (1,862) —  
Total$8,080  $—  $8,080  $(6,082) $(1,868) $130  
December 31, 2019
Interest rate swap and swaption agreements, at fair value 1
$147  $—  $147  $(2) $(116) $29  
TBA securities, at fair value29  —  29  (4) —  25  
Receivable under reverse repurchase agreements10,181  —  10,181  (9,852) (329) —  
Total$10,357  $—  $10,357  $(9,858) $(445) $54  
Offsetting of Financial and Derivative Liabilities
 Gross Amounts of Recognized LiabilitiesGross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance SheetsNet Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance SheetsGross Amounts Not Offset
in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets		Net Amount
Financial Instruments
Collateral Pledged 2
June 30, 2020
Interest rate swap agreements, at fair value 1
$—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  
TBA securities, at fair value—  —  —  —  —  —  
Repurchase agreements69,685  —  69,685  (6,082) (63,604) (1) 
Total$69,685  $—  $69,685  $(6,082) $(63,604) $(1) 
December 31, 2019
Interest rate swap agreements, at fair value 1
$2  $—  $2  $(2) $—  $—  
TBA securities, at fair value4  —  4  (4) —  —  
Repurchase agreements89,182  —  89,182  (9,852) (79,330) —  
Total$89,188  $—  $89,188  $(9,858) $(79,330) $—  
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Offsetting of Financial and Derivative Assets
 Gross Amounts of Recognized AssetsGross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance SheetsNet Amounts of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance SheetsGross Amounts Not Offset
 in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets		Net Amount
Financial Instruments
Collateral Received 2
March 31, 2021
Interest rate swap and swaption agreements, at fair value 1
$652 $— $652 $0 $(593)$59 
TBA securities, at fair value13 — 13 (13)— 0 
Receivable under reverse repurchase agreements16,803 0 16,803 (8,435)(8,368)0 
Total$17,468 $0 $17,468 $(8,448)$(8,961)$59 
December 31, 2020
Interest rate swap and swaption agreements, at fair value 1
$116 $— $116 $0 $(105)$11 
TBA securities, at fair value275 — 275 0 — 275 
Receivable under reverse repurchase agreements11,748 — 11,748 (6,522)(5,223)3 
Total$12,139 $— $12,139 $(6,522)$(5,328)$289 
Offsetting of Financial and Derivative Liabilities
 Gross Amounts of Recognized LiabilitiesGross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance SheetsNet Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance SheetsGross Amounts Not Offset
 in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets		Net Amount
Financial Instruments
Collateral Pledged 2
March 31, 2021
TBA securities, at fair value589 — 589 (13)(576)0 
Repurchase agreements55,056 0 55,056 (8,435)(46,621)0 
Total$55,645 $0 $55,645 $(8,448)$(47,197)$0 
December 31, 2020
Repurchase agreements52,366 — 52,366 (6,522)(45,844)0 
Total$52,366 $— $52,366 $(6,522)$(45,844)$0 

1.Reported under derivative assets / liabilities, at fair value in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 65 for a reconciliation of derivative assets / liabilities, at fair value to their sub-components.
2.Includes cash and securities pledged / received as collateral, at fair value. Amounts include repledged collateral. Amounts presented are limited to collateral pledged sufficient to reduce the net amount to zero for individual counterparties, as applicable.

Note 8.7. Fair Value Measurements
We determine the fair value of financial instruments based on our estimate of the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We utilize a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of the instrument as of the measurement date. We categorize a financial instrument within the hierarchy based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:
•Level 1 Inputs —Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical unrestricted assets and liabilities in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date.
•Level 2 Inputs —Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.
•Level 3 Inputs —Instruments with primarily unobservable market data that cannot be corroborated.
We typically obtain price estimates from multiple third-party pricing services and dealers or, if applicable, the registered clearing exchange. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis.
U.S. Treasury securities and futures prices - are valued based on quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets and are classified as Level 1 assets.
TBA securities - are valued using prices obtained from third-party pricing sources based on pricing models that reference recent trading activity.
Interest rate swaps - are valued using the daily settlement price, or fair value, determined by the clearing exchange based on a pricing model that references observable market inputs, including current benchmark rates and the forward yield curve.
Interest rate swaptions - are valued using prices obtained from the counterparty and other third-party pricing models. The pricing models are based on the value of the future interest rate swap that we have the option to enter into as well as the remaining length of time that we have to exercise the option based on observable market inputs, adjusted for non-performance risk, if any.
Investment securities - are valued based on prices obtained from multiple third-party pricing services and non-binding dealer quotes. These pricing sources utilize various valuation approaches, including market and income approaches. For Agency RMBS, the pricing sources primarily utilize a matrix pricing technique that interpolates the estimated fair value based on observed quoted prices for forward contracts in the Agency RMBS "to-be-announced" market ("TBA securities") of the same coupon, maturity and issuer, adjusted to reflect the specific characteristics of the pool of mortgages underlying the Agency security, which may include maximum loan balance, loan vintage, loan-to-value ratio, geography and other characteristics as may be appropriate. For other investment securities, the pricing sources primarily utilize discounted cash flow model-derived pricing techniques to estimate the fair value. Such models incorporate market-based discount rate assumptions based on observable inputs such as recent trading activity, credit data, volatility statistics, benchmark interest rate curves, spread measurements to benchmark curves and other market data that are current as of the measurement date and may include certain unobservable inputs, such as assumptions of future levels of prepayment, defaults and loss severities.
The availability of observable inputs can be affected by a wide variety of factors, including the type of instrument, whether the instrument is new and not yet established in the marketplace and other characteristics particular to the instrument. We make inquiries of third-party pricing sources to understand the significant inputs and assumptions they used to determine their prices and that they are derived from orderly transactions, particularly during periods of elevated market turbulence and reduced market liquidity. We also review third-party price estimates and perform procedures to validate their reasonableness, including an analysis of the range of estimates for each position, comparison to recent trade activity for similar securities and for consistency with market conditions observed as of the measurement date. While we do not adjust prices we obtain from pricing sources, we will exclude prices for securities from our estimation of fair value if we determine based on our validation
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procedures and our market knowledge and expertise that the price is significantly different from what observable market data would indicate and we cannot obtain an understanding from the third-party source as to the significant inputs used to determine the price.
The markets for interest rate swap, swaption and TBA derivatives and for the investment securities that we invest in are considered to be active markets such that participants transact with sufficient frequency and volume to provide transparent pricing information on an ongoing basis. The liquidity of these markets and the similarity of our securities and derivative instruments to those actively traded enable our pricing sources and us to observe quoted prices in the market and utilize those prices as a basis for formulating fair value measurements. Consequently, we classify these instruments as Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy.
The following table provides a summary of our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, based on their categorization within the valuation hierarchy (in millions). There were no transfers between valuation hierarchy levels during the periods presented.presented in our accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
June 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Agency securities$—  $75,488  $—  $—  $98,516  $—  
Agency securities transferred to consolidated VIEs—  344  —  —  371  —  
Credit risk transfer securities—  712  —  —  976  —  
Non-Agency securities—  599  —  —  579  —  
U.S. Treasury securities1,181  —  —  97  —  —  
Interest rate swaps—  —  —  —  21  —  
Swaptions—  6  —  —  126  —  
TBA securities—  130  —  —  29  —  
U.S. Treasury futures—  —  —  14  —  —  
Other—  4  —  —  —  —  
Total$1,181  $77,283  $—  $111  $100,618  $—  
Liabilities:
Debt of consolidated VIEs$—  $204  $—  $—  $228  $—  
Obligation to return U.S. Treasury securities borrowed under reverse repurchase agreements7,929  —  —  9,543  —  —  
Interest rate swaps—  —  —  —  2  —  
TBA securities—  —  —  —  4  —  
U.S. Treasury futures3  —  —  —  —  —  
Total$7,932  $204  $—  $9,543  $234  $—  
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March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Agency securities$— $63,286 $— $— $64,836 $— 
Agency securities transferred to consolidated VIEs— 270 — — 295 — 
Credit risk transfer securities— 1,073 — — 737 — 
Non-Agency securities— 868 — — 546 — 
Interest rate swaps— 45 — — 0 — 
Swaptions— 607 — — 116 — 
TBA securities— 13 — — 275 — 
U.S. Treasury futures33 — — 0 — — 
Total$33 $66,162 $— $0 $66,805 $— 
Liabilities:
Debt of consolidated VIEs$— $165 $— $— $177 $— 
Obligation to return U.S. Treasury securities borrowed under reverse repurchase agreements15,090 — — 11,727 — — 
Interest rate swaps— 0 — — 0 — 
TBA securities— 589 — — 0 — 
U.S. Treasury futures0 — — 2 — — 
Total$15,090 $754 $— $11,729 $177 $— 
Excluded from the table above are financial instruments presented in our consolidated financial statements at cost. The fair value of our repurchase agreements approximated cost as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, as the rates on our outstanding repurchase agreements largely corresponded to prevailing rates observed in the repo market. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, receivables and other payables were determined to approximate cost as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 due to their short duration. We estimate the fair value of these instruments carried at cost using "Level 1" or "Level 2" inputs.

Note 9.8. Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share

Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing (i) net income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders by (ii) the sum of our weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and the weighted-average number of vested but not yet issued time and performance-based restricted stock units ("RSUs") outstanding for the period granted under our long-term incentive program to employees and non-employee Board of Directors. Diluted net income (loss) per common share assumes the issuance of all potential common stock equivalents unless the effect is to reduce a loss or increase the income per common share. Our potential common stock equivalents consist of unvested time and performance-based RSUs. The following table presents the computations of basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share for the periods indicated (shares and dollars in millions):
21

Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
202020192020201920212020
Weighted average number of common shares issued and outstandingWeighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding559.1  537.4  553.3  536.9  Weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding532.5 547.5 
Weighted average number of fully vested restricted stock units outstandingWeighted average number of fully vested restricted stock units outstanding1.2  0.4  0.9  0.3  Weighted average number of fully vested restricted stock units outstanding1.2 0.5 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basicWeighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic560.3  537.8  554.2  537.2  Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic533.7 548.0 
Weighted average number of dilutive unvested restricted stock units outstandingWeighted average number of dilutive unvested restricted stock units outstanding0.5  —  —  —  Weighted average number of dilutive unvested restricted stock units outstanding1.9 0 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - dilutedWeighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted560.8  537.8554.2  537.2Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted535.6 548.0
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholdersNet income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders$693  $(457) $(1,749) $(202) Net income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders$950 $(2,442)
Net income (loss) per common share - basicNet income (loss) per common share - basic$1.24  $(0.85) $(3.16) $(0.38) Net income (loss) per common share - basic$1.78 $(4.46)
Net income (loss) per common share - dilutedNet income (loss) per common share - diluted$1.24  $(0.85) $(3.16) $(0.38) Net income (loss) per common share - diluted$1.77 $(4.46)
For the sixthree months ended June 30,March 31, 2020, 0.8 million and, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, 0.61.2 million of potentially dilutive unvested time and performance based RSUs outstanding were excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per common share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the period.

21

Note 10.9. Stockholders' Equity  
Preferred Stock
We are authorized to designate and issue up to 10.0 million shares of preferred stock in one or more classes or series. As of June 30,March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, 13,800, 10,350, 16,100 and 23,000 shares of preferred stock were designated as 7.00% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, 6.875% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, 6.50% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and 6.125% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, respectively, (referred to as "Series C, D, E and F Preferred Stock", respectively). During February 2020, we issued $575 million, or 23,000 shares, of 6.125% Series F Preferred Stock, for net proceeds of $557 million. As of June 30,March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, 13,000, 9,400, 16,100 and 23,000 shares of Series C, D, E and F Preferred Stock, respectively, were issued and outstanding, with an aggregate carrying value of $1,489 million and aggregate liquidation preference of $1,538 million.outstanding. Each share of preferred stock is represented by 1,000 depositary shares. Each share of preferred stock has a liquidation preference of $25,000 per share (or $25 per depositary share).
Our preferred stock ranks senior to our common stock with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon a voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. Our preferred stock has no stated maturity, is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption and each series of preferred stock ranks on parity with one another. Under certain circumstances upon a change of control, our preferred stock is convertible to shares of our common stock. Holders of our preferred stock and depositary shares underlying our preferred stock have no voting rights, except under limited conditions. Beginning on each series' optional redemption date, we may redeem shares at $25.00 per depositary share, plus accumulated and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared), exclusively at our option.
The following table includes a summary of preferred stock depositary shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 (dollars and shares in millions):
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock 1
Issuance
Date		Depositary
Shares
Issued
and
Outstanding		Carrying
Value		 Aggregate
Liquidation Preference		Fixed
Rate
Optional
Redemption
Date 2
Fixed-to-Floating
Rate
Conversion
Date		Floating
Annual Rate
Series CAugust 22, 201713.0 315 325 7.000%October 15, 2022October 15, 20223M LIBOR + 5.111%
Series DMarch 6, 20199.4 227 235 6.875%April 15, 2024April 15, 20243M LIBOR + 4.332%
Series EOctober 3, 201916.1 390 403 6.500%October 15, 2024October 15, 20243M LIBOR + 4.993%
Series FFebruary 11, 202023.0 557 575 6.125%April 15, 2025April 15, 20253M LIBOR + 4.697%
Total61.5 $1,489 $1,538 

1.Fixed-to-floating rate redeemable preferred stock accrue dividends at an annual fixed rate of the $25.00 liquidation preference per depositary share from the issuance date up to, but not including, the fixed-to-floating rate conversion date; thereafter, dividends will accrue on a floating rate basis equal to 3-month LIBOR plus a fixed spread.
2.Shares may be redeemed prior to our optional redemption date under certain circumstances intended to preserve our qualification as a REIT for U.S federal income tax purposes.
22

At-the-Market Offering Program
We are authorized by our Board of Directors to enter into agreements with sales agents to publicly offer and sell shares of our common stock in privately negotiated and/or at-the-market transactions from time-to-time up to a maximum aggregate offering price of our common stock. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we sold 26.7 million shares of our common stock under the sales agreements for proceeds of $439 million, or $16.46 per common share, net of offering costs. As of June 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, shares of our common stock with an aggregate offering price of $26 million remained authorized for issuance under this program through June 14, 2021.
Common Stock Repurchase Program
From time-to-time we are authorized by our Board of Directors to repurchase shares of our common stock under certain conditions. In July 2019,October 2020, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $1 billion of our outstanding shares of common stock through December 31, 2020.2021. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, we repurchased 12.215.0 million shares, or $147$239 million, of our common stock for an average repurchase price of $11.99$16.00 per common share, inclusive of transaction costs.cost and including amounts repurchased in December 2020 that settled in January 2021. As of June 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, we had $750 million$0.7 billion of common stock remaining available for repurchase.repurchase through December 31, 2021.
We may repurchase shares in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions or pursuant to a trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). We intend to repurchase shares under the stock repurchase program only when the repurchase price is less than our then-current estimate of our tangible net book value per common share.
22

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table summarizes changes to accumulated OCI for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020 and 2019 (in millions):
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)2020201920202019Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)20212020
Beginning BalanceBeginning Balance$561  $(543) $97  $(943) Beginning Balance$719 $97 
OCI before reclassificationsOCI before reclassifications242  374  707  770  OCI before reclassifications(219)465 
Net loss amounts for available-for-sale securities reclassified from accumulated OCI to realized gain (loss) on sale of investment securities, netNet loss amounts for available-for-sale securities reclassified from accumulated OCI to realized gain (loss) on sale of investment securities, net(39) 5  (40) 9  Net loss amounts for available-for-sale securities reclassified from accumulated OCI to realized gain (loss) on sale of investment securities, net(18)(1)
Ending BalanceEnding Balance$764  $(164) $764  $(164) Ending Balance$482 $561 

Note 11. Subsequent Events
Common Stock Dividend Declaration
On July 9, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a monthly dividend of $0.12 per common share payable on August 11, 2020 to common stockholders of record as of July 31, 2020.


23

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") is designed to provide a reader of AGNC Investment Corp.'s consolidated financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for quarterly period ended June 30, 2020.March 31, 2021. Our MD&A is presented in six sections:
•Executive Overview
•Financial Condition
•Results of Operations
•Liquidity and Capital Resources
•Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
•Forward-Looking Statements
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
We are an internally managed Real Estate Investment Trust ("REIT"). We commenced operations on May 20, 2008 following the completiona leading provider of our initial public offering. Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "AGNC."
As a REIT, we are required to distribute annually 90% of our taxable income, and we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal or state corporate income taxprivate capital to the extent that we distribute all our annual taxable income to our stockholders on a timely basis. It is our intention to distribute 100% of our taxable income withinU.S. housing market, enhancing liquidity in the time limits prescribed byresidential real estate mortgage markets and, in turn, facilitating home ownership in the Internal Revenue Code, which may extend into the subsequent taxable year.
U.S. We invest primarily in Agency residential mortgage-backed securities ("Agency RMBS") on a leveraged basis. These investments consist of residential mortgage pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations for which the principal and interest payments are guaranteed by a U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise, such as Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae") and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac," and together with Fannie Mae, the "GSEs"), or by a U.S. Government agency, such as Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae"). We may also invest in other types ofassets related to the housing, mortgage and mortgage-related residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities where repayment of principal and interest isor real estate markets that are not guaranteed by a GSE or U.S. Government agency and in other investments in, or related to,agency.
We are internally managed with the housing, mortgage or real estate markets.
Our principal objective is to provideof providing our stockholders with attractive risk-adjusted returns through a combination of monthly dividends and tangible net book value accretion. We generate income from the interest earned on our investments, net of associated borrowing and hedging costs, and net realized gains and losses on our investment and hedging activities. We fund our investments primarily through collateralized borrowings structured as repurchase agreements. We operate in a manner to qualify to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code.
The size and composition of our investment portfolio depends on the investment strategies we implement, availability of attractively priced investments, suitable financing to appropriately leverage our investment portfolio and overall market conditions. Market conditions are influenced by a variety of factors, including interest rates, prepayment expectations, liquidity, housing prices, unemployment rates, general economic conditions, government participation in the mortgage market, regulations and relative returns on other assets.

Trends and Recent Market Impacts
On March 11, 2020,Optimism regarding the World Health Organization declared COVID-19potential for a global pandemic (the "Pandemic"), with President Trump declaringstrong economic recovery in the health crisis a national emergency shortly thereafter on March 13, 2020. Stay-at-home orders, school closures and widespread business shutdowns adversely affected worldwide economies and sparked concerns that containment measures could lead to severe unemployment and a contractionsecond half of U.S. gross domestic product output at rates not experienced since the Great Depression. The ensuing financial market turmoil had a material negative impact on our business and financial results for2021 pushed most risk-asset prices higher in the first quarter resultingof 2021. The improved economic outlook and additional fiscal stimulus led to a substantial increase in longer term interest rates and a material steepening of the yield curve during the quarter, with the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield increasing 82 basis points to close the first quarter economic loss on our tangible common equity of -20.2%.
Market conditions improved considerablyat 1.74%, nearly 125 basis points above its historical low in August 2020. Despite the sharp rise in rates, Agency RMBS performed well during the second quarter, as unprecedented monetaryoutperforming interest rate hedges. Residential credit performance was mixed and fiscal stimulus drove a broad reboundranged from largely flat to modest increases in most asset categories. Market liquidity improved substantially after declining to unprecedented levels in March. Equity markets retraced much of their March decline, and credit spreads for most fixed income products recovered a substantial portion of their first quarter widening.valuations.
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SinceFor the peakfirst quarter, we earned an economic return of the financial crisis in March, the Federal Reserve’s ongoing purchases8.2%, comprised of Agency RMBS have been supportive of the Agency mortgage market. The performance of Agency RMBS, however, was somewhat mixed during the second quarter. Lower coupon generic Agency RMBS outperformed higher coupon generic securities, with the latter being negatively impacted by elevated prepayment concerns. Meanwhile, specified Agency RMBS significantly outperformed generic securities as specified pool "pay-up" values recovered a substantial portion of their March decline, which was the primary driver of the$1.01 increase in our tangible net book value for the second quarter. For the second quarter, our tangible net book value increased 9.5% to $14.92 per common share and $0.36 of dividends per common share. Our performance in the first quarter marks our fourth consecutive quarter of economic returns of 7.5% or more and brings our last twelve-month cumulative economic return to 40.7%.
Asset positioning remained an important factor in driving our favorable performance during the first quarter. Similar to prior quarters, we benefited from the differing risk profiles of the two primary components of our asset portfolio: low coupon generic securities and higher coupon specified pool securities, which together have bolstered our performance across a wide range of interest rate and spread scenarios over the past twelve months. During the first quarter, our higher coupon specified pools benefited from the steep rise in rates and corresponding reduction in prepayment expectations. This contrasts with the third and fourth quarters of 2020, during which our lower coupon generic securities outperformed as mortgage rates declined to historic lows and drove mortgage prepayment rates to a 20-year high. Our hedge portfolio, which was mainly comprised of intermediate and longer-term hedges, also contributed significantly to our positive first quarter results as hedge gains exceeded the aggregate price declines on our asset portfolio.
As of March 31, 2021, our investment portfolio totaled $90.3 billion, compared to $97.9 billion as of June 30,December 31, 2020 from $13.62 per common shareand consisted of $63.6 billion Agency RMBS, $24.8 billion net TBA securities, and $1.9 billion of CRT and non-Agency securities. Our "at risk" leverage, as of March 31, 2021, was 7.7x our tangible equity, compared to 8.5x as of December 31, 2020. Including dividends per common share,Our liquidity position, consisting of unencumbered Agency RMBS, US Treasury securities and cash and excluding both unencumbered credit assets and assets held at our economic return on tangible common equitybroker-dealer subsidiary, was 12.2% for the second quarter.
After a steep drop in rateslargely unchanged during the first quarter interestat $5.2 billion as of March 31, 2021, compared to $5.4 billion as of December 31, 2020, or 48% and 51%, respectively, of our tangible equity. The average prepayment rate volatility was mutedon our Agency RMBS holdings during the second quarter. The 10-year U.S. Treasury rate endedfirst quarter was 24.6%, down from 27.6% for the secondfourth quarter nearly unchanged from March 31, 2020, whileof 2020. Consistent with the short end of the yield curve shifted lower as the U.S. Federal Reserve communicated its intention to hold the federal funds rate near zero for several years.
Contrary to earlier expectations and despite widespread Pandemic related lockdowns and social distancing measures, refinancing activity and housing turnover were robust during the second quarter and led to a significant increase in prepaymentprimary mortgage rates for the quarter. Our weighted average portfolio CPR increased to 19.9% for the second quarter, compared to 12.2% forof approximately 50 basis points over the first quarter, while our weighted average projected CPR forecast for the remaining life of our securities increasedAgency RMBS decreased to 16.6% as of June 30, 2020, from 14.5%11.3% as of March 31, 2020 and 10.8%2021, from 17.6% as of December 31, 2019, as mortgage rates declined to historically low levels2020.
Our interest rate exposure remained limited during the quarter.
Duringfirst quarter as we managed the second quarter, we reduced our holdings of higher quality specified pools after their relative outperformance earlier in the quartersize and we reduced our holdings of higher coupon, generic RMBS in favor of lower coupon, new production Agency RMBS. We also shifted a larger portioncomposition of our holdings from 30-yearhedge position in response to 15-year fixedchanging market conditions. We proactively increased our interest rate Agency RMBS.hedge portfolio during the first quarter to $79 billion through the addition of interest rate swaps, swaptions and U.S. Treasury hedges to provide incremental protection against rising interest rates. As of June 30, 2020, the weighted average coupon on our fixed rate securities, inclusive of TBA securities, was 3.40%, compared to 3.62% as of March 31, 2020 and 3.60%2021, our interest rate hedges totaled 98% of our funding liabilities, up from 80% as of December 31, 2019. Additionally,2020 and from a twelve-month low of 66% at the combinationend of heavy origination volume and large-scale Fed purchases during the second quarter favored the TBA dollar roll market. With implied financing rates in the dollar roll market well below comparable repo levels for most coupons, we increased our average TBA position to $15.7 billion for the second quarter, from $7.5 billion for the first quarter.of 2020. As of June 30, 2020, our net TBA position totaled $20.5 billion.
The repo markets continued to perform very well during the second quarter. The Fed’s open market repo operations, strong demand for Agency RMBS collateral and the Fed’s apparent willingness to keep the fed funds rate near the zero bound range, have led to a meaningful repricing of repo across all tenors. As a result, our weighted average repo rate for the second quarter declined to 0.766% from 1.80% for the first quarter, and our weighted average repo rate as of June 30, 2020 declined to 0.41%, as an increasing portion of our repo have reset to lower prevailing rates.
With our near-term hedging requirements somewhat lower given the shorter duration of our assets and muted interest rate volatility, our interest rate hedge position decreased to 66% of our funding liabilities, inclusive of our net TBA position (at cost), as of June 30, 2020, compared to 70% as of March 31, 2020 and 102% as of December 31, 2019. With swap rates declining to historically low levels, we have also continued to adjust the composition2021, 72% of our interest rate swap portfolio, terminating shorter-term swaps and replacing them with longer-dated swaps. The average pay rate on our interest rate swaps decreased to 0.39% as of June 30, 2020, from 0.94% as of March 31, 2020 and 1.29% as of December 31, 2019, while the averagehedges had a maturity of four years or more, which was a significant contributor to our first quarter hedge performance given the sharp rise in longer term rates. Consistent with the increase in interest rate swap portfolio increased to 5.1 years asrates and the corresponding extension of June 30, 2020, from 4.5 years as of March 31, 2020 and 2.7 years as of December 31, 2019. Ourmortgage durations during the quarter, our duration gap, which is a measure of the difference between the interest rate sensitivity of our assets and liabilities, inclusive of our interest rate hedges, was -0.1 year as of June 30, 2020, comparedincreased to 0.0 and 0.40.6 years as of March 31, 2020 and2021 from -0.5 years as of December 31, 2019, respectively.2020.
Our aggregate cost of funds for the second quarter, inclusive of TBA implied financing ratesNet spread and interest rate swaps, decreased to 0.88%, from 1.67%dollar roll income (a non-GAAP measure) was $0.76 per diluted common share for the first quarter, more than offsetting lower asset yields. Our net interest spread, inclusive of TBAs and swaps and excluding catch-upwhich excludes a "catch-up" premium amortization increasedbenefit of $0.40 per diluted common share due to 1.68%changes in CPR projections for the second quarter, from 1.30% forsecurities acquired prior to the first quarter. The improvement in our net interest margin offset the decline in our average portfolio balance and tangible leverage for the second quarter, driving the slight increase in ourThis compares to net spread and dollar roll income to $0.58of $0.75 and $0.57 per diluted common share for the second quarter,fourth and first quarters of 2020, respectively, excluding catch-up$0.44 and $0.20 of "catch-up" premium amortization compared to $0.57 per common shareexpense, respectively. The marginal improvement in net spread and dollar roll income for the first quarter was due to the combination of lower funding costs, the sharp decline in CPR projections, and earnings accretion due to common stock share repurchases, which more than offset our lower operating leverage and an overall decline in asset yields during the quarter. (Please refer to Results of Operations below for further information regarding non-GAAP measures.)
Our average leverage forasset yield, excluding "catch-up" amortization and including the second quarterimplied yield on our TBA securities, declined to 8.8x tangible equity, compared to 9.9x2.02% for the first quarter. As of June 30, 2020, our leverage was 9.2x tangible equity,quarter, compared to 9.4x2.07% for the fourth quarter and to 2.97% for the first quarter 2020, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Followinglower prevailing yields on new asset purchases outweighed the actions we tookyield improvement due to lower CPR projections.
The funding environment for Agency RMBS remained very favorable during the first quarter, with our average repo funding cost declining to prioritize liquidity21 basis points from 38 basis points for the fourth quarter and risk management,180 basis points for the first quarter 2020. As of March 31, 2021, our liquidity position remained strongaverage repo rate was 0.15%, compared to 0.24% as of December 31, 2020. Favorable repo rates, and even lower implied financing rates in the TBA dollar roll market, more than offset a modest increase in our interest rate swap costs during the secondfirst quarter. Our aggregate cost of funds, including implied TBA dollar roll funding and interest rate swap costs, for the first quarter with cashwas 0.02%, compared to 0.05% for the fourth quarter and unencumbered1.67% for the first quarter of 2020.
Looking ahead, we expect that the near zero short-term interest rate environment is likely to remain in place through at least 2023 and the Federal Reserve ("Fed") is unlikely to begin tapering its Agency RMBS totaling $4.5 billion aspurchases before 2022, with any such tapering likely to gradually occur over a multi-month period. The Fed has also indicated it will communicate its intentions well in advance of June 30, 2020, which excludes unencumbered CRT and non-Agency securities as well as assets held at our broker-dealer subsidiary Bethesda Securities, LLC.taking any such action to reduce market uncertainty. Importantly, even after the Fed completes the taper
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As we look ahead,process, it has indicated that it intends to continue to reinvest portfolio paydowns for an extended period of time. Against this backdrop, we believe liquidity concerns duringthe Agency RMBS sector remains attractive, particularly when compared on a relative value basis to other asset classes. Nonetheless, given the significant spread tightening that has occurred in the sector relative to benchmark interest rates, we chose to operate with sequentially lower leverage in recent quarters. Going forward, we may choose to operate at somewhat lower leverage levels than the first quarter have given wayof 2021 to fundamental performance metrics. Although prepayments are likelymitigate the potential downside risk to somewhat negatively impact earnings, the broad availability of funding at rates near zero and muted interest rate volatility are positives for our business, and we expect the earnings environment for Agency RMBS to remain favorable for the foreseeable future despite the ongoing economic uncertaintiestangible net book value associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, longer-term risks remain,reduced Fed purchases and you should carefully review our Risk Factors and additional information regarding our interest rate andfuture spread sensitivity in our Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk located in this Form 10-Q.widening, as well as to provide capacity for us to increase leverage opportunistically when expected return levels are more favorable.
Market Information
The following table summarizes interest rates and prices of generic fixed rate Agency RMBS as of each date presented below:
Interest Rate/Security Price 1
Interest Rate/Security Price 1
June 30, 2019Sept. 30, 2019Dec. 31, 2019Mar. 31, 2020June 30, 2020
June 30, 2020
vs
Mar. 31, 2020
June 30, 2020
vs
Dec. 31, 2019
Interest Rate/Security Price 1
Mar. 31, 2020June 30, 2020Sept. 30, 2020Dec. 31, 2020Mar. 31, 2021
Mar. 31, 2021
vs
Dec. 31, 2020
Target Federal Funds Rate:Target Federal Funds Rate:Target Federal Funds Rate:
Target Federal Funds Rate - Upper BandTarget Federal Funds Rate - Upper Band2.50%2.00%1.75%0.25%0.25%—  bps-150  bpsTarget Federal Funds Rate - Upper Band0.25%0.25%0.25%0.25%0.25%— bps
LIBOR:
1-Month2.40%2.02%1.76%0.99%0.16%-83  bps-160  bps
3-Month2.32%2.09%1.91%1.45%0.30%-115  bps-161  bps
SOFR:SOFR:
SOFR RateSOFR Rate0.01%0.10%0.08%0.07%0.01%-6 bps
SOFR Interest Rate Swap Rate:SOFR Interest Rate Swap Rate:
2-Year Swap2-Year Swap0.09%—%0.03%0.06%0.12%+6 bps
5-Year Swap5-Year Swap0.24%0.08%0.13%0.24%0.82%+58 bps
10-Year Swap10-Year Swap0.45%0.38%0.47%0.71%1.52%+81 bps
30-Year Swap30-Year Swap0.61%0.63%0.86%1.15%1.92%+77 bps
U.S. Treasury Security Rate:U.S. Treasury Security Rate:U.S. Treasury Security Rate:
2-Year U.S. Treasury2-Year U.S. Treasury1.75%1.62%1.57%0.25%0.15%-10  bps-142  bps2-Year U.S. Treasury0.25%0.15%0.13%0.12%0.16%+4 bps
5-Year U.S. Treasury5-Year U.S. Treasury1.77%1.54%1.69%0.38%0.29%-9  bps-140  bps5-Year U.S. Treasury0.38%0.29%0.28%0.36%0.94%+58 bps
10-Year U.S. Treasury10-Year U.S. Treasury2.01%1.66%1.92%0.67%0.66%-1  bps-126  bps10-Year U.S. Treasury0.67%0.66%0.69%0.92%1.74%+82 bps
30-Year U.S. Treasury30-Year U.S. Treasury2.53%2.11%2.39%1.32%1.41%+9  bps-98  bps30-Year U.S. Treasury1.32%1.41%1.46%1.65%2.41%+76 bps
Interest Rate Swap Rate:
2-Year Swap1.81%1.63%1.70%0.49%0.23%-26  bps-147  bps
5-Year Swap1.77%1.50%1.73%0.52%0.33%-19  bps-140  bps
10-Year Swap1.96%1.56%1.90%0.72%0.64%-8  bps-126  bps
30-Year Swap2.21%1.71%2.09%0.88%0.92%+4  bps-117  bps
30-Year Fixed Rate Agency Price:30-Year Fixed Rate Agency Price:30-Year Fixed Rate Agency Price:
1.5%1.5%N/AN/A$100.66$101.05$96.59-$4.46
2.0%2.0%$100.91$102.33$103.39$103.88$99.70-$4.18
2.5%2.5%$99.36$99.55$98.89$103.59$104.26+$0.67+$5.372.5%$103.59$104.26$104.90$105.41$102.55-$2.86
3.0%3.0%$100.84$101.51$101.42$104.83$105.33+$0.50+$3.913.0%$104.83$105.33$104.75$104.77$104.13-$0.64
3.5%3.5%$102.24$102.58$102.86$105.70$105.18-$0.52+$2.323.5%$105.70$105.18$105.40$105.66$105.63-$0.03
4.0%4.0%$103.36$103.77$104.01$106.67$105.98-$0.69+$1.974.0%$106.67$105.98$106.64$106.78$107.31+$0.53
4.5%$104.49$105.29$105.29$107.47$107.46-$0.01+$2.17
15-Year Fixed Rate Agency Price:15-Year Fixed Rate Agency Price:15-Year Fixed Rate Agency Price:
1.5%1.5%N/AN/A$102.31$102.89$100.40-$2.49
2.0%2.0%$102.66$103.46$103.95$104.55$102.61-$1.94
2.5%2.5%$100.67$100.85$100.91$103.72$104.70+$0.98+$3.792.5%$103.72$104.70$104.44$104.30$104.06-$0.24
3.0%3.0%$101.95$102.21$102.50$104.61$105.09+$0.48+$2.593.0%$104.61$105.09$104.94$104.97$105.59+$0.62
3.5%3.5%$103.20$103.42$103.69$105.19$105.06-$0.13+$1.373.5%$105.19$105.06$105.81$106.03$106.69+$0.66
4.0%4.0%$103.84$104.08$104.28$105.56$105.75+$0.19+$1.474.0%$105.56$105.75$106.15$106.28$106.34+$0.06

1.Price information is for generic instruments only and is not reflective of our specific portfolio holdings. Price information is as of 3:00 p.m. (EST) on such date and can vary by source. Prices and interest rates in the table above were obtained from Barclays. Interest and LIBOR rates were obtained from Bloomberg.


2625

FINANCIAL CONDITION
As of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, our investment portfolio consisted of $77.1$65.5 billion and $100.4$66.4 billion of investment securities, at fair value, respectively, and $20.5$24.8 billion and $7.4$31.5 billion of TBA securities, at fair value, respectively. The following table is a summary of our investment portfolio as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 (dollars in millions):
June 30, 2020December 31, 2019March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Investment Portfolio (Includes TBAs)Investment Portfolio (Includes TBAs)Amortized CostFair ValueAverage Coupon%Amortized CostFair ValueAverage Coupon%Investment Portfolio (Includes TBAs)Amortized CostFair ValueAverage Coupon%Amortized CostFair ValueAverage Coupon%
Fixed rate Agency RMBS and TBA securities:Fixed rate Agency RMBS and TBA securities:Fixed rate Agency RMBS and TBA securities:
≤ 15-year: ≤ 15-year: ≤ 15-year:
≤ 15-year RMBS ≤ 15-year RMBS$4,210  $4,391  3.38 %4 %$6,140  $6,239  3.29 %6 % ≤ 15-year RMBS$15,402 $15,469 2.24 %17 %$9,256 $9,482 2.48 %10 %
15-year TBA securities, net 1
15-year TBA securities, net 1
7,601  7,636  2.11 %8 %2,222  2,226  2.91 %2 %
15-year TBA securities, net 1
(2,352)(2,358)2.38 %(3)%6,916 6,980 1.74 %7 %
Total ≤ 15-yearTotal ≤ 15-year11,811  12,027  2.56 %12 %8,362  8,465  3.19 %8 %Total ≤ 15-year13,050 13,111 2.22 %15 %16,172 16,462 2.16 %17 %
20-year RMBS20-year RMBS2,743  2,786  2.88 %3 %752  773  3.87 %1 %20-year RMBS2,626 2,627 2.49 %3 %2,409 2,470 2.58 %3 %
30-year:30-year:30-year:
30-year RMBS30-year RMBS64,932  67,988  3.73 %70 %89,483  91,062  3.67 %84 %30-year RMBS43,631 45,026 3.58 %50 %50,312 52,663 3.55 %54 %
30-year TBA securities, net 1
30-year TBA securities, net 1
12,812  12,907  2.59 %13 %5,182  5,203  2.92 %5 %
30-year TBA securities, net 1
27,707 27,137 2.35 %30 %24,288 24,499 2.05 %25 %
Total 30-yearTotal 30-year77,744  80,895  3.54 %83 %94,665  96,265  3.63 %89 %Total 30-year71,338 72,163 3.10 %80 %74,600 77,162 3.06 %79 %
Total fixed rate Agency RMBS and TBA securitiesTotal fixed rate Agency RMBS and TBA securities92,298  95,708  3.40 %98 %103,779  105,503  3.60 %98 %Total fixed rate Agency RMBS and TBA securities87,014 87,901 2.95 %97 %93,181 96,094 2.89 %98 %
Adjustable rate Agency RMBSAdjustable rate Agency RMBS109  112  2.66 %— %160  163  3.04 %— %Adjustable rate Agency RMBS61 62 2.30 %— %69 70 2.35 %— %
MultifamilyMultifamily17  19  3.31 %— %37  39  3.37 %— %Multifamily— — — %— %17 19 3.31 %— %
CMO Agency RMBS:CMO Agency RMBS:CMO Agency RMBS:
CMOCMO365  381  3.39 %— %441  447  3.44 %1 %CMO249 259 3.23 %— %289 301 3.30 %1 %
Interest-only stripsInterest-only strips56  73  5.55 %— %63  77  4.22 %— %Interest-only strips42 55 5.59 %— %45 59 5.57 %— %
Principal-only stripsPrincipal-only strips72  82  — %— %83  87  — %— %Principal-only strips54 58 — %— %60 67 — %— %
Total CMO Agency RMBSTotal CMO Agency RMBS493  536  4.10 %1 %587  611  3.48 %1 %Total CMO Agency RMBS345 372 4.10 %1 %394 427 4.10 %1 %
Total Agency RMBS and TBA securitiesTotal Agency RMBS and TBA securities92,917  96,375  3.40 %99 %104,563  106,316  3.59 %99 %Total Agency RMBS and TBA securities87,420 88,335 2.95 %98 %93,661 96,610 2.90 %99 %
Non-Agency RMBSNon-Agency RMBS221  222  4.15 %— %198  209  4.05 %1 %Non-Agency RMBS487 495 3.16 %1 %178 188 4.28 %— %
CMBSCMBS361  377  4.20 %1 %352  370  4.49 %— %CMBS356 373 4.06 %— %333 358 4.13 %— %
CRTCRT742  712  3.46 %1 %961  976  5.07 %1 %CRT1,067 1,073 3.30 %1 %733 737 3.43 %1 %
Total investment portfolioTotal investment portfolio$94,241  $97,686  3.41 %100 %$106,074  $107,871  3.61 %100 %Total investment portfolio$89,330 $90,276 2.96 %100 %$94,905 $97,893 2.91 %100 %

1.TBA securities are presented net of long and short positions. As of June 30, 2020, 30-year TBA securities consisted of $12.9 billion long and $(26.0) million short TBA securities (at fair value) at an average coupon of 2.59% and 2.50%, respectively, and 15-year TBA securities consisted of entirely long TBA securities at an average coupon of 2.11%. As of December 31, 2019, 30-year TBA securities consisted of $6.8 billion long and $(1.6) billion short TBA securities at an average coupon of 3.17% and 4.00%, respectively, and 15-year TBA securities consisted entirely of long TBA securities at an average coupon of 2.91%. For further details of our TBA securities held as of each date refer to Note 65 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
TBA securities are recorded as derivative instruments in our accompanying consolidated financial statements, and our TBA dollar roll transactions represent a form of off-balance sheet financing. As of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, our TBA positions had a net carrying value of $130$(576) million and $25$275 million, respectively, reported in derivative assets /(liabilities) on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The net carrying value represents the difference between the fair value of the underlying Agency security in the TBA contract and the contract price to be paid or received for the underlying Agency security.
As of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the weighted average yield on our investment securities (excluding TBA securities) was 2.64%2.39% and 3.07%2.33%, respectively.
2726

The following tables summarize certain characteristics of our fixed rate Agency RMBS portfolio, inclusive of TBAs, as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 (dollars in millions):
June 30, 2020 March 31, 2021
Includes Net TBA PositionExcludes Net TBA PositionIncludes Net TBA PositionExcludes Net TBA Position
Fixed Rate Agency RMBS and TBA SecuritiesFixed Rate Agency RMBS and TBA SecuritiesPar ValueAmortized
Cost		Fair Value
Specified Pool % 1
Amortized
Cost Basis		Weighted Average
Projected
CPR 3
Fixed Rate Agency RMBS and TBA SecuritiesPar ValueAmortized
Cost		Fair Value
Specified Pool % 1
Amortized
Cost Basis		Weighted Average
Projected
CPR 3
Par ValueAmortized
Cost		Fair ValueAmortized
Cost Basis
WAC 2
Yield 3
Age (Months)
Projected
CPR 3
Fixed rateFixed rateFixed rate
≤ 15-year: ≤ 15-year: ≤ 15-year:
1.5%1.5%$3,462 $3,518 $3,474 —%102.4%2.31%0.99%410%
2.0%2.0%5,593 5,794 5,747 1%103.3%2.55%1.30%39%
2.5%2.5%771 812 807 58%105.7%3.06%1.22%1711%
3.0%3.0%1,082 1,099 1,153 94%101.6%3.55%2.47%4714%
3.5%3.5%1,147 1,171 1,240 100%102.1%4.03%2.76%4316%
≥ 4.0%≥ 4.0%637 656 690 91%103.0%4.61%2.93%4217%
Total ≤ 15-yearTotal ≤ 15-year12,692 13,050 13,111 27%103.0%2.82%1.53%1111%
20-year:20-year:
≤ 2.0%≤ 2.0%1,454 1,500 1,473 —%103.1%2.87%1.51%56%
2.5%2.5%560 583 579 —%104.2%3.28%1.74%99%
3.0%3.0%45 46 48 98%103.3%3.78%2.26%2012%
3.5%3.5%209 213 225 81%101.8%4.05%2.96%9213%
≥ 4.0%≥ 4.0%273 284 302 96%104.1%4.74%3.13%5215%
Total 20-year:Total 20-year:2,541 2,626 2,627 20%103.4%3.27%1.87%189%
30-year:30-year:
2.0%2.0%$5,885  $6,048  $6,081  —%—%—%—%——%2.0%13,606 14,076 13,545 1%101.2%2.80%1.85%16%
2.5%2.5%1,751  1,824  1,832  3%103.3%3.11%1.48%1717%2.5%19,072 19,723 19,531 1%105.4%3.44%1.76%78%
3.0%3.0%1,421  1,447  1,506  88%101.6%3.55%2.50%3812%3.0%4,119 4,280 4,314 13%103.5%3.74%2.38%3610%
3.5%3.5%1,465  1,497  1,567  100%102.2%4.03%2.81%3414%3.5%11,575 12,102 12,543 87%104.5%4.06%2.64%7011%
4.0%4.0%864  890  933  91%103.0%4.60%3.00%3216%4.0%12,596 13,235 13,851 92%105.1%4.51%2.93%5613%
≥ 4.5%≥ 4.5%102  105  108  97%103.1%4.89%2.98%11816%≥ 4.5%7,482 7,922 8,379 98%105.9%5.01%3.21%4215%
Total ≤ 15-year11,488  11,811  12,027  33%102.3%3.94%2.64%3614%
20-year:
2.5%1,776  1,847  1,855  —%103.9%3.37%1.15%324%
3.0%257  270  272  21%104.9%3.81%0.98%728%
3.5%259  263  277  81%101.8%4.05%2.94%8215%
4.0%175  180  189  92%103.1%4.45%3.08%4017%
≥ 4.5%175  183  193  100%104.5%5.01%3.16%4417%
Total 20-year:2,642  2,743  2,786  23%103.8%3.66%1.56%1623%
30-year:
≤ 2.5%15,102  15,583  15,716  —%103.4%3.41%1.65%218%
3.0%7,909  8,209  8,369  10%103.7%3.80%1.95%1919%
3.5%17,594  18,334  19,167  84%104.2%4.07%2.54%5614%
4.0%23,367  24,429  25,723  89%104.5%4.51%2.90%4416%
≥ 4.5%10,646  11,189  11,920  98%105.1%5.00%3.19%3218%
Total 30-yearTotal 30-year74,618  77,744  80,895  64%104.3%4.32%2.66%3917%Total 30-year68,450 71,338 72,163 45%104.7%4.19%2.66%4612%
Total fixed rateTotal fixed rate$88,748  $92,298  $95,708  59%104.2%4.27%2.61%3817%Total fixed rate$83,683 $87,014 $87,901 42%104.2%3.81%2.34%3611%

1.Specified pools include pools backed by lower balance loans with original loan balances of up to $200K, HARP pools (defined as pools that were issued between May 2009 and December 2018 and backed by 100% refinance loans with original LTVs ≥ 80%), and pools backed by loans 100% originated in New York and Puerto Rico. As of June 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, lower balance specified pools had a weighted average original loan balance of $118,000$119,000 and $118,000$116,000 for 15-year and 30-year securities, respectively, and HARP pools had a weighted average original LTV of 126%127% and 136%137% for 15-year and 30-year securities, respectively.
2.WAC represents the weighted average coupon of the underlying collateral.
3.Portfolio yield incorporates a projected life CPR based on forward rate assumptions as of June 30, 2020.March 31, 2021.


2827

December 31, 2019 December 31, 2020
Includes Net TBA PositionExcludes Net TBA PositionIncludes Net TBA PositionExcludes Net TBA Position
Fixed Rate Agency RMBS and TBA SecuritiesFixed Rate Agency RMBS and TBA SecuritiesPar ValueAmortized
Cost		Fair Value
Specified Pool % 1
Amortized
Cost Basis		Weighted Average
Projected
CPR 3
Fixed Rate Agency RMBS and TBA SecuritiesPar ValueAmortized
Cost		Fair Value
Specified Pool % 1
Amortized
Cost Basis		Weighted Average
Projected
CPR 3
Par ValueAmortized
Cost		Fair ValueAmortized
Cost Basis
WAC 2
Yield 3
Age (Months)
Projected
CPR 3
Fixed rateFixed rateFixed rate
≤ 15-year: ≤ 15-year: ≤ 15-year:
≤ 2.5%$1,720  $1,735  $1,738  40%101.0%2.98%2.11%8611%
1.5%1.5%$5,001 $5,107 $5,144 —%102.4%2.28%0.91%113%
2.0%2.0%6,718 6,958 7,023 —%103.8%2.62%1.01%215%
2.5%2.5%795 836 840 59%105.5%3.07%1.10%1315%
3.0%3.0%1,168 1,186 1,248 94%101.5%3.55%2.46%4416%
3.5%3.5%1,249 1,275 1,356 100%102.1%4.03%2.75%4018%
≥ 4.0%≥ 4.0%788 810 851 92%102.8%4.63%2.92%4719%
Total ≤ 15-yearTotal ≤ 15-year15,719 16,172 16,462 23%103.1%3.09%1.59%1716%
20-year:20-year:
≤ 2.0%≤ 2.0%1,168 1,202 1,215 —%103.0%2.87%1.29%315%
2.5%2.5%597 620 630 —%103.9%3.28%1.33%620%
3.0%3.0%48 50 52 98%103.0%3.78%2.10%1719%
3.5%3.5%226 230 246 81%101.6%4.05%2.93%8918%
≥ 4.0%≥ 4.0%296 307 327 96%103.6%4.73%3.05%4820%
Total 20-year:Total 20-year:2,335 2,409 2,470 23%103.2%3.34%1.70%1817%
30-year:30-year:
≤ 2.0%≤ 2.0%23,805 24,445 24,628 —%103.2%2.89%1.51%—11%
2.5%2.5%8,995 9,423 9,506 4%105.2%3.43%1.35%416%
3.0%3.0%2,985  3,041  3,067  59%101.7%3.52%2.45%5810%3.0%3,507 3,619 3,709 17%102.9%3.74%2.03%3322%
3.5%3.5%2,299  2,354  2,401  71%102.2%4.04%2.86%2513%3.5%12,913 13,428 14,151 88%104.0%4.07%2.48%6617%
4.0%4.0%1,075  1,109  1,135  84%103.1%4.60%3.05%2614%4.0%14,245 14,847 15,734 92%104.2%4.51%2.81%5219%
4.5%117  122  123  98%103.5%4.87%3.00%11113%
≥ 5.0%1  1  1  100%101.9%6.55%4.55%14615%
Total ≤ 15-year8,197  8,362  8,465  63%102.0%3.82%2.65%4712%
20-year:
3.5%284  289  297  81%102.0%4.05%2.97%7712%
4.0%196  202  209  92%103.3%4.45%3.18%3413%
4.5%194  204  210  100%104.8%5.00%3.23%3715%
≥ 5.0%1  1  1  —%105.1%5.95%3.33%14118%
Total 20-year:675  696  717  90%103.2%4.40%3.05%4913%
30-year:
≤ 3.0%27,864  28,218  28,252  3%101.4%3.85%2.73%89%
3.5%23,760  24,525  24,902  60%103.3%4.05%2.97%4910%
4.0%26,934  28,062  28,795  84%104.2%4.51%3.25%3711%
4.5%12,730  13,381  13,831  93%105.1%4.98%3.45%2313%
5.0%380  410  416  94%108.0%5.50%3.28%3914%
≥ 5.5%63  69  69  49%109.6%6.18%3.33%15813%
≥ 4.5%≥ 4.5%8,417 8,838 9,434 98%105.0%5.01%3.04%3821%
Total 30-yearTotal 30-year91,731  94,665  96,265  55%103.3%4.29%3.07%3111%Total 30-year71,882 74,600 77,162 48%104.3%4.17%2.43%4218%
Total fixed rateTotal fixed rate$100,603  $103,723  $105,447  56%103.3%4.26%3.04%3211%Total fixed rate$89,936 $93,181 $96,094 43%104.0%3.98%2.28%3718%

1.See Note 1 of preceding table for specified pool composition. As of December 31, 2019,2020, lower balance specified pools had a weighted average original loan balance of $115,000$117,000 and $118,000$117,000 for 15-year and 30-year securities, respectively, and HARP pools had a weighted average original LTV of 119%126% and 136%137% for 15-year and 30-year securities, respectively.
2.WAC represents the weighted average coupon of the underlying collateral.
3.Portfolio yield incorporates a projected life CPR based on forward rate assumptions as of December 31, 2019.2020.
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019,For additional details regarding our investments in CRT and non-Agency securities, had the following credit ratings:
 June 30, 2020December 31, 2019
CRT and Non-Agency Security Credit Ratings 1
CRT 2
RMBSCMBS
CRT 2
RMBSCMBS
AAA$—  $—  $34  $—  $—  $43  
AA—  69  223  —  81  214  
A—  32  31  13  25  34  
BBB99  80  59  67  71  69  
BB244  26  30  471  21  10  
B251  5  —  308  4  —  
Not Rated118  10  —  117  7  —  
Total$712  $222  $377  $976  $209  $370  
 ________________________________
1.Represents the lowest of Standard and Poor's ("S&P"), Moody's, Fitch, DBRS, Kroll Bond Rating Agency ("KBRA") and Morningstarincluding credit ratings, stated in terms of the S&P equivalent rating as of each date.March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, please refer to Note 3 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
2.CRT securities reference the performance of loans underlying Agency RMBS issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, each of which were subject to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac's underwriting standards.
29

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to the results presented in accordance with GAAP, our results of operations discussed below include certain non-GAAP financial information, including "economic interest income," "economic interest expense," "net spread and dollar roll income," "net spread and dollar roll income, excluding 'catch-up' premium amortization," "estimated taxable income" and the related per common share measures and certain financial metrics derived from such non-GAAP information, such as "cost of funds" and "net interest spread."
"Economic interest income" is measured as interest income (GAAP measure), adjusted (i) to exclude "catch-up" premium amortization associated with changes in CPR estimates and (ii) to include TBA dollar roll implied interest income. "Economic interest expense" is measured as interest expense (GAAP measure) adjusted to include TBA dollar roll implied interest expenseexpense/(benefit) and interest rate swap periodic income/(cost)cost/(income). "Net spread and dollar roll income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization" includes (i) the components of economic interest income and economic interest expense and other interest and dividend income (referred to as "adjusted net interest and dollar roll income"), less (ii) total operating expenses (GAAP measure).
28

By providing such measures, in addition to the related GAAP measures, we believe we give greater transparency into the information used by our management in its financial and operational decision-making. We also believe it is important for users of our financial information to consider information related to our current financial performance without the effects of certain measures and one-time events that are not necessarily indicative of our current investment portfolio performance and operations.
Specifically, in the case of "adjusted net interest and dollar roll income," we believe the inclusion of TBA dollar roll income is meaningful as TBAs, which are accounted for under GAAP as derivative instruments with gains and losses recognized in other gain (loss) in our consolidated statement of comprehensive income, are economically equivalent to holding and financing generic Agency RMBS using short-term repurchase agreements. Similarly, we believe that the inclusion of periodic interest rate swap settlements in "economic interest expense" is meaningful as interest rate swaps are the primary instrument we use to economically hedge against fluctuations in our borrowing costs and it is more indicative of our total cost of funds than interest expense alone. In the case of "economic interest income" and "net spread and dollar roll income, excluding 'catch-up' premium amortization," we believe the exclusion of "catch-up" adjustments to premium amortization cost or benefit is meaningful as it excludes the cumulative effect from prior reporting periods due to current changes in future prepayment expectations and, therefore, exclusion of such cost or benefit is more indicative of the current earnings potential of our investment portfolio. In the case of estimated taxable income, we believe it is meaningful information because it directly relates to the amount of dividends that we are required to distribute to maintain our REIT qualification status.
However, because such measures are incomplete measures of our financial performance and involve differences from results computed in accordance with GAAP, they should be considered as supplementary to, and not as a substitute for, results computed in accordance with GAAP. In addition, because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of such non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to other similarly-titled measures of other companies. Furthermore, estimated taxable income can include certain information that is subject to potential adjustments up to the time of filing our income tax returns, which occurs after the end of our fiscal year.
Selected Financial Data

The following selected financial data is derived from our interim consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto. The tables below present our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 and our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income and key statistics for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020 and 2019 (in(in millions, except per share amounts):
March 31,December 31,
Balance Sheet Data20212020
(Unaudited)
Investment securities, at fair value$65,497 $66,414 
Total assets$85,545 $81,817 
Repurchase agreements and other debt$55,221 $52,543 
Total liabilities$74,181 $70,738 
Total stockholders' equity$11,364 $11,079 
Net book value per common share 1
$18.72 $17.68 
Tangible net book value per common share 2
$17.72 $16.71 
3029

($ in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
Balance Sheet Data
June 30,
2020
December 31, 2019
(Unaudited)
Investment securities, at fair value$77,143  $100,442  
Total assets$89,853  $113,082  
Repurchase agreements and other debt$69,889  $89,410  
Total liabilities$79,503  $102,041  
Total stockholders' equity$10,350  $11,041  
Net book value per common share 1
$15.86  $18.63  
Tangible net book value per common share 2
$14.92  $17.66  
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Statement of Comprehensive Income Data (Unaudited)20212020
Interest income$557 $491 
Interest expense29 426 
Net interest income528 65 
Other gain (loss), net471 (2,463)
Operating expenses24 23 
Net income (loss)975 (2,421)
Dividends on preferred stock25 21 
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders$950 $(2,442)
Net income (loss)$975 $(2,421)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net(237)464 
Comprehensive income (loss)738 (1,957)
Dividends on preferred stock25 21 
Comprehensive income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders$713 $(1,978)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic533.7 548.0 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted535.6 548.0 
Net income (loss) per common share - basic$1.78 $(4.46)
Net income (loss) per common share - diluted$1.77 $(4.46)
Comprehensive income (loss) per common share - basic$1.34 $(3.61)
Comprehensive income (loss) per common share - diluted$1.33 $(3.61)
Dividends declared per common share$0.36 $0.48 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
Statement of Comprehensive Income Data (Unaudited)2020201920202019
Interest income$429  $693  $920  $1,398  
Interest expense134  570  560  1,111  
Net interest income295  123  360  287  
Other gain (loss), net447  (547) (2,016) (427) 
Operating expenses24  20  47  39  
Net income (loss)718  (444) (1,703) (179) 
Dividends on preferred stock25  13  46  23  
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders$693  $(457) $(1,749) $(202) 
Net income (loss)$718  $(444) $(1,703) $(179) 
Other comprehensive income, net203  379  667  779  
Comprehensive income (loss)921  (65) (1,036) 600  
Dividends on preferred stock25  13  46  23  
Comprehensive income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders$896  $(78) $(1,082) $577  
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic560.3  537.8  554.2  537.2  
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted560.8  537.8  554.2  537.2  
Net income (loss) per common share - basic$1.24  $(0.85) $(3.16) $(0.38) 
Net income (loss) per common share - diluted$1.24  $(0.85) $(3.16) $(0.38) 
Comprehensive income (loss) per common share - basic$1.60  $(0.15) $(1.95) $1.07  
Comprehensive income (loss) per common share - diluted$1.60  $(0.15) $(1.95) $1.07  
Dividends declared per common share$0.36  $0.50  $0.84  $1.04  
31

Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Other Data (Unaudited) *Other Data (Unaudited) *2020201920202019Other Data (Unaudited) *20212020
Average investment securities - at parAverage investment securities - at par$68,994  $89,586  $81,964  $88,304  Average investment securities - at par$56,641 $94,933 
Average investment securities - at costAverage investment securities - at cost$71,787  $92,610  $84,840  $91,264  Average investment securities - at cost$58,948 $97,889 
Average net TBA portfolio - at costAverage net TBA portfolio - at cost$15,662  $11,864  $11,575  $9,944  Average net TBA portfolio - at cost$32,022 $7,487 
Average total assets - at fair valueAverage total assets - at fair value$86,851  $113,625  $100,392  $114,281  Average total assets - at fair value$79,415 $113,930 
Average repurchase agreements and other debt outstanding 3
Average repurchase agreements and other debt outstanding 3
$69,552  $86,147  $81,545  $84,120  
Average repurchase agreements and other debt outstanding 3
$54,602 $93,538 
Average stockholders' equity 4
Average stockholders' equity 4
$10,262  $10,371  $10,598  $10,247  
Average stockholders' equity 4
$11,312 $10,735 
Average tangible net book value "at risk" leverage 5
Average tangible net book value "at risk" leverage 5
8.8:110.0:19.2:19.7:1
Average tangible net book value "at risk" leverage 5
8.0:19.9:1
Tangible net book value "at risk" leverage (as of period end) 6
Tangible net book value "at risk" leverage (as of period end) 6
9.2:19.8:19.2:19.8:1
Tangible net book value "at risk" leverage (as of period end) 6
7.7:19.4:1
Economic return on tangible common equity 7
12.2 %(0.9)%(10.8)%6.4 %
Expenses % of average total assets0.11 %0.07 %0.09 %0.07 %
Expenses % of average assets, including average net TBA position0.09 %0.06 %0.08 %0.06 %
Expenses % of average stockholders' equity0.94 %0.77 %0.89 %0.76 %
Economic return on tangible common equity - unannualized 7
Economic return on tangible common equity - unannualized 7
8.2 %(20.2)%
Expenses % of average total assets - annualizedExpenses % of average total assets - annualized0.12 %0.08 %
Expenses % of average assets, including average net TBA position - annualizedExpenses % of average assets, including average net TBA position - annualized0.09 %0.08 %
Expenses % of average stockholders' equity - annualizedExpenses % of average stockholders' equity - annualized0.85 %0.86 %

* Except as noted below, average numbers for each period are weighted based on days on our books and records.
1.Net book value per common share is calculated as total stockholders' equity, less preferred stock liquidation preference, divided by number of common shares outstanding as of period end.
2.Tangible net book value per common share excludes goodwill.
3.Amount excludes U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements and TBA contracts. Other debt includes debt of consolidated VIEs.
4.Average stockholders' equity calculated as average month-ended stockholders' equity during the period.
5.Average tangible net book value "at risk" leverage is calculated by dividing the sum of daily weighted average mortgage borrowings outstanding (Agency and non-Agency MBS repurchase agreements used to fund our investment securities, other debt and TBA securities (at cost) (together "mortgage borrowings") outstanding for the period by the sum of average stockholders' equity adjusted to exclude goodwill for the period. Leverage excludes U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements.
6."AtTangible net book value "At risk" leverage as of period end is calculated by dividing the sum of mortgage borrowings outstanding and receivable/payable for unsettled investment securities as of period end (at cost) by the sum of total stockholders' equity adjusted to exclude goodwill as of period end. Leverage excludes U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements.
7.Economic return on tangible common equity represents the sum of the change in tangible net book value per common share and dividends declared per share of common stock during the period over beginning tangible net book value per common share.
30

Economic Interest Income and Asset Yields
The following table summarizes our economic interest income (a non-GAAP measure) for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, which includes the combination of interest income (a GAAP measure) on our holdings reported as investment securities on our consolidated balance sheets, adjusted to exclude estimated "catch-up" premium amortization adjustments for the cumulative effect from prior reporting periods of changes in our CPR forecast, and implied interest income on our TBA securities (dollars in millions):
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2020201920202019
AmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYield
Interest income:
Cash/coupon interest income$652  3.77 %$876  3.88 %$1,527  3.72 %$1,723  3.88 %
Net premium amortization(223) (1.38)%(183) (0.89)%(607) (1.55)%(325) (0.82)%
Interest income (GAAP measure)429  2.39 %693  2.99 %920  2.17 %1,398  3.06 %
Estimated "catch-up" premium amortization cost (benefit) due to change in CPR forecast57  0.32 %58  0.25 %300  0.71 %97  0.22 %
Interest income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization486  2.71 %751  3.24 %1,220  2.88 %1,495  3.28 %
TBA dollar roll income - implied interest income 1,2
74  1.90 %96  3.21 %122  2.11 %167  3.35 %
Economic interest income, excluding "catch-up" amortization (non-GAAP measure) 3
$560  2.56 %$847  3.24 %$1,342  2.78 %$1,662  3.28 %
Weighted average actual portfolio CPR for investment securities held during the period19.9 %10.0 %15.4 %8.2 %
Weighted average projected CPR for the remaining life of investment securities held as of period end16.6 %12.4 %16.6 %12.4 %
Average 30-year fixed rate mortgage rate as of period end 4
3.13 %3.73 %3.13 %3.73 %
10-year U.S. Treasury rate as of period end0.66 %2.01 %0.66 %2.01 %
32

Three Months Ended March 31,
20212020
AmountYieldAmountYield
Interest income:
Cash/coupon interest income$481 3.40 %$875 3.68 %
Net premium amortization benefit (cost)76 0.38 %(384)(1.67)%
Interest income (GAAP measure)557 3.78 %491 2.01 %
Estimated "catch-up" premium amortization cost (benefit) due to change in CPR forecast(213)(1.45)%243 0.99 %
Interest income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization344 2.33 %734 3.00 %
TBA dollar roll income - implied interest income 1,2
116 1.44 %48 2.54 %
Economic interest income, excluding "catch-up" amortization (non-GAAP measure) 3
$460 2.02 %$782 2.97 %
Weighted average actual portfolio CPR for investment securities held during the period24.6 %12.2 %
Weighted average projected CPR for the remaining life of investment securities held as of period end11.3 %14.5 %
Average 30-year fixed rate mortgage rate as of period end 4
3.17 %3.50 %
10-year U.S. Treasury rate as of period end1.74 %0.67 %
  ________________________________
1.Reported in gain (loss) on derivatives instruments and other securities, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
2.Implied interest income from TBA dollar roll transactions is computed as the sum of (i) TBA dollar roll income and (ii) estimated TBA implied funding cost (see Economic Interest Expense and Aggregate Cost of Funds below). TBA dollar roll income represents the price differential, or "price drop," between the TBA price for current month settlement versus the TBA price for forward month settlement and is the economic equivalent to interest income on the underlying Agency securities, less an implied funding cost, over the forward settlement period. Amount is net of TBAs used for hedging purposes. Amount excludes TBA mark-to-market adjustments.
3.The combined asset yield is calculated on a weighted average basis based on our average investment and TBA balances outstanding during the period and their respective yields.
4.Source: Freddie Mac Primary Fixed Mortgage Rate Mortgage Market Survey
The principal elements impacting our economic interest income are the size of our average investment portfolio and the yield (actual and implied) on our securities. The following table includes a summary of the estimated impact of each of these elements on our economic interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the prior year period (in millions):
Impact of Changes in the Principal Elements Impacting Economic Interest IncomeImpact of Changes in the Principal Elements Impacting Economic Interest IncomeImpact of Changes in the Principal Elements Impacting Economic Interest Income
Periods ended June 30, 2020 vs. June 30, 2019
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 vs. March 31, 2020Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 vs. March 31, 2020
Due to Change in AverageDue to Change in Average
Total Increase /
(Decrease)		Portfolio
Size		Asset
Yield		 Total Increase /
(Decrease)		Portfolio
Size		Asset
Yield
Three months ended:Three months ended:Three months ended:
Interest Income (GAAP measure)Interest Income (GAAP measure)$(264) $(156) $(108) Interest Income (GAAP measure)$66 $(195)$261 
Estimated "catch-up" premium amortization due to change in CPR forecastEstimated "catch-up" premium amortization due to change in CPR forecast(1) —  (1) Estimated "catch-up" premium amortization due to change in CPR forecast(456)— (456)
Interest income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortizationInterest income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization(265) (156) (109) Interest income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization(390)(195)(195)
TBA dollar roll income - implied interest incomeTBA dollar roll income - implied interest income(22) 31  (53) TBA dollar roll income - implied interest income68 156 (88)
Economic interest income, excluding "catch-up" amortization (non-GAAP measure)Economic interest income, excluding "catch-up" amortization (non-GAAP measure)$(287) $(125) $(162) Economic interest income, excluding "catch-up" amortization (non-GAAP measure)$(322)$(39)$(283)
Six months ended:
Interest Income (GAAP measure)$(478) $(98) $(380) 
Estimated "catch-up" premium amortization due to change in CPR forecast203  —  203  
Interest income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization(275) (98) (177) 
TBA dollar roll income - implied interest income(46) 27  (73) 
Economic interest income, excluding "catch-up" amortization (non-GAAP measure)$(321) $(71) $(250) 
Our average investment portfolio, inclusive of TBAs decreased -16% and -5% (at cost), decreased 14% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively,March 31, 2021, compared to the prior year periods primarilyperiod, largely due to lower operating leverage.leverage and a decline in our total stockholders' equity outstanding as a result of common stock repurchases. The decrease in the average yield on our average asset yield forinvestment portfolio of 95 basis points, compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2020prior year period, was largely due to the combination of changes in asset composition and higher premium amortization cost resulting from faster prepayment expectations.lower prevailing yields on new asset purchases.
31

Leverage  
Our primary measure of leverage is our tangible net book value "at risk" leverage ratio, which is measured as the sum of our repurchase agreements and other debt used to fund our investment securities and net TBA position (at cost) (together referred to as "mortgage borrowings") and our net receivable/payable for unsettled investment securities, divided by our total stockholders' equity adjusted to exclude goodwill and other intangible assets.goodwill.
We include our net TBA position in our measure of leverage because a forward contract to acquire Agency RMBS in the TBA market carries similar risks to Agency RMBS purchased in the cash market and funded with on-balance sheet liabilities. Similarly, a TBA contract for the forward sale of Agency securities has substantially the same effect as selling the underlying Agency RMBS and reducing our on-balance sheet funding commitments. (Refer to Liquidity and Capital Resources for further discussion of TBA securities and dollar roll transactions). Repurchase agreements used to fund short-term investments in U.S. Treasury securities ("U.S. Treasury repo") are excluded from our measure of leverage due to the temporary and highly liquid nature of these investments. The following table presents a summary of our leverage ratios for the periods listed (dollars in millions):
33

Repurchase Agreements
and Other Debt 1
Net TBA Position
Long/(Short) 2
Average Tangible Net Book Value
"At Risk" Leverage during the Period 3
Tangible Net Book Value "At Risk" Leverage
as of
Period End 4
Quarter EndedAverage Daily
Amount		Maximum
Daily Amount		Ending
Amount		Average Daily
Amount		Ending
Amount
June 30, 2020$69,552 $72,399 $69,370 $15,662 $20,413 8.8:19.2:1
March 31, 2020$93,538 $104,773 $63,241 $7,487 $20,648 9.9:19.4:1
December 31, 2019$88,677 $92,672 $89,313 $7,038 $7,404 9.5:19.4:1
September 30, 2019$87,938 $92,420 $90,462 $10,146 $1,820 10.0:19.8:1
June 30, 2019$86,147 $86,969 $85,367 $11,864 $11,086 10.0:19.8:1
March 31, 2019$82,070 $87,877 $86,590 $8,002 $6,885 9.3:19.4:1
 
Repurchase Agreements
and Other Debt 1
Net TBA Position
Long/(Short) 2
Average Tangible Net Book Value
"At Risk" Leverage during the Period 3
Tangible Net Book Value "At Risk" Leverage
as of
Period End 4
Quarter EndedAverage Daily
Amount		Maximum
Daily Amount		Ending
Amount		Average Daily
Amount		Ending
Amount
March 31, 2021$54,602 $57,153 $55,221 $32,022 $25,355 8.0:17.7:1
December 31, 2020$53,645 $55,249 $52,543 $33,753 $31,204 8.4:18.5:1
March 31, 2020$93,538 $104,773 $63,241 $7,487 $20,648 9.9:19.4:1

1.Other debt includes debt of consolidated VIEs. Amounts exclude U.S. Treasury repo agreements.
2.Daily average and ending net TBA position outstanding measured at cost.
3.Average tangible net book value "at risk" leverage during the period represents the sum of our daily weighted average repurchase agreements and other debt used to fund acquisitions of investment securities and net TBA position outstanding divided by the sum of our average month-ended stockholders' equity, adjusted to exclude goodwill.
4.Tangible net book value "at risk" leverage as of period end represents the sum of our repurchase agreements and other debt used to fund acquisitions of investments securities, net TBA position (at cost) and net receivable/payable for unsettled investment securities outstanding as of period end divided by total stockholders' equity, adjusted to exclude goodwill as of period end.
Economic Interest Expense and Aggregate Cost of Funds 
The following table summarizes our economic interest expense and aggregate cost of funds (non-GAAP measures) for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020 and 2019 (dollars in millions), which includes the combination of interest expense on Agency repurchase agreements and other debt (GAAP measure), implied financing cost (benefit) of our TBA securities and interest rate swap periodic interest cost (income) cost::
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
202020192020201920212020
Economic Interest Expense and Aggregate Cost of Funds 1
Economic Interest Expense and Aggregate Cost of Funds 1
AmountCost of FundsAmountCost of FundsAmountCost of FundsAmountCost of Funds
Economic Interest Expense and Aggregate Cost of Funds 1
AmountCost of FundsAmountCost of Funds
Repurchase agreement and other debt - interest expense (GAAP measure)Repurchase agreement and other debt - interest expense (GAAP measure)$134  0.76 %$570  2.62 %$560  1.36 %$1,111  2.63 %Repurchase agreement and other debt - interest expense (GAAP measure)$29 0.21 %$426 1.80 %
TBA dollar roll income - implied interest (expense) benefit 2,3
(4) (0.09)%74  2.47 %28  0.48 %126  2.51 %
Economic interest expense - before interest rate swap periodic (income) costs, net 4
130  0.61 %644  2.60 %588  1.25 %1,237  2.61 %
Interest rate swap periodic interest (income) cost, net 2,5
59  0.27 %(88) (0.36)%28  0.06 %(171) (0.36)%
TBA dollar roll income - implied interest expense (benefit) 2,3
TBA dollar roll income - implied interest expense (benefit) 2,3
(38)(0.48)%32 1.67 %
Economic interest expense - before interest rate swap periodic cost (income), net 4
Economic interest expense - before interest rate swap periodic cost (income), net 4
(9)(0.04)%458 1.79 %
Interest rate swap periodic interest cost (income), net 2,5
Interest rate swap periodic interest cost (income), net 2,5
12 0.06 %(31)(0.12)%
Total economic interest expense (non-GAAP measure)Total economic interest expense (non-GAAP measure)$189  0.88 %$556  2.24 %$616  1.31 %$1,066  2.25 %Total economic interest expense (non-GAAP measure)$3 0.02 %$427 1.67 %
 ________________________________
1.Amounts exclude interest rate swap termination fees and variation margin settlements paid or received, forward starting swaps and the impact of other supplemental hedges, such as swaptions and U.S. Treasury positions.
2.Reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
3.The implied funding cost (benefit) of TBA dollar roll transactions is determined using the price differential, or "price drop," between the TBA price for current month settlement versus the TBA price for forward month settlement and market based assumptions regarding the "cheapest-to-deliver" collateral that can be delivered to satisfy the TBA contract, such as the anticipated collateral’s weighted average coupon, weighted average maturity and projected 1-month CPR. The average implied funding cost (benefit) for all TBA transactions is weighted based on our daily average TBA balance outstanding for the period.
4.The combined cost of funds for total mortgage borrowings outstanding, before interest rate swap costs, is calculated on a weighted average basis based on average repo, other debt and TBA balances outstanding during the period and their respective cost of funds.
5.Interest rate swap periodic interest (income) cost is measured as a percent of average mortgage borrowings outstanding for the period.

The principal elements impacting our economic interest expense are (i) the size of our average mortgage borrowings and interest rate swap portfolio outstanding during the period, (ii) the average interest rate (actual and implied) on our mortgage borrowings and (iii) the average net interest rate paid/received on our interest rate swaps. The following table includes a
32

summary of the estimated impact of these elements on our economic interest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the prior year period (in millions):
34

Impact of Changes in the Principal Elements of Economic Interest Expense
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 vs. March 31, 2020
Due to Change in Average
 Total Increase / (Decrease)Borrowing / Swap BalanceBorrowing / Swap Rate
Three months ended:
Repurchase agreements and other debt interest expense$(397)$(177)$(220)
TBA dollar roll income - implied interest benefit/expense(70)103 (173)
Interest rate swap periodic interest expense/benefit43 11 32 
Total change in economic interest expense$(424)$(63)$(361)
Impact of Changes in the Principal Elements of Economic Interest Expense
Periods ended June 30, 2020 vs. June 30, 2019
Due to Change in Average
Total Increase / (Decrease)Borrowing / Swap BalanceBorrowing / Swap Rate
Three months ended:
Repurchase agreements and other debt interest expense$(437) $(110) $(327) 
TBA dollar roll income - implied interest expense(78) 24  (102) 
Interest rate swap periodic interest income/cost147  13  134  
Total change in economic interest expense$(368) $(73) $(295) 
Six months ended:
Repurchase agreements and other debt interest expense$(552) $(34) $(518) 
TBA dollar roll income - implied interest expense(98) 21  (119) 
Interest rate swap periodic interest income/cost199  (33) 232  
Total change in economic interest expense$(451) $(46) $(405) 
Our average mortgage borrowings, inclusive of TBAs, decreased by -13% and -1%14% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively,March 31, 2021, compared to the prior year period, consistent with the decline in our average investment portfolio due to lower operating leverage. leverage and a decline in our total stockholders' equity outstanding as a result of common stock repurchases.
The decline in ourthe average interest rate (actual and implied) on our mortgage borrowings for the three and six month periodsmonths ended March 31, 2021 was due to the combination of very low financing rates available in the Agency repo market and even lower short-term interest rates. Additionally, duringimplied financing rates available in the three months ended June 30, 2020, we terminated $3.7 billion of repurchase agreements with a weighted average interest rate of 2.11%TBA dollar roll market, as repo and a weighted average remaining maturity of 2.2 years. The terminated agreements were replaced with shorter duration repurchase agreements at lower prevailing market rates. We recognized losses on debt extinguishment of $146 million in other gain (loss), net for the threedollar roll funding levels benefited from favorable technical supply and six months ended June 30, 2020 associated with the terminated repurchase agreements. demand factors.
The increase in our interest rate swap periodic cost for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 was primarily due to declinesa decline in the average floating rate received on our interest rate swaps, as the receive leg of our pay-fixedconsistent with lower short-term interest rate swaps reset to lower prevailing rates, which were partiallywas partly offset by a decline in the average fixed rate paid on our average pay-rate.interest rate swaps. The following table presents a summary of the ratio of our average interest rates swaps outstanding, excluding forward starting swaps, to our average mortgage borrowings and the weighted average pay-fixed / receive-floating rates on our interest rate swaps for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020 and 2019 (dollars in millions):
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Average Ratio of Interest Rate Swaps (Excluding Forward Starting Swaps) to Mortgage Borrowings OutstandingAverage Ratio of Interest Rate Swaps (Excluding Forward Starting Swaps) to Mortgage Borrowings Outstanding2020201920202019Average Ratio of Interest Rate Swaps (Excluding Forward Starting Swaps) to Mortgage Borrowings Outstanding20212020
Average Agency repo and other debt outstandingAverage Agency repo and other debt outstanding$69,552  $86,147  $81,545  $84,120  Average Agency repo and other debt outstanding$54,602 $93,538 
Average net TBA portfolio outstanding - at costAverage net TBA portfolio outstanding - at cost$15,662  $11,864  $11,575  $9,944  Average net TBA portfolio outstanding - at cost$32,022 $7,487 
Average mortgage borrowings outstandingAverage mortgage borrowings outstanding$85,214  $98,011  $93,120  $94,064  Average mortgage borrowings outstanding$86,624 $101,025 
Average notional amount of interest rate swaps outstanding (excluding forward starting swaps)Average notional amount of interest rate swaps outstanding (excluding forward starting swaps)$44,173  $52,035  $57,916  $48,616  Average notional amount of interest rate swaps outstanding (excluding forward starting swaps)$45,211 $71,659 
Ratio of average interest rate swaps to mortgage borrowings outstandingRatio of average interest rate swaps to mortgage borrowings outstanding52 %53 %62 %52 %Ratio of average interest rate swaps to mortgage borrowings outstanding52 %71 %
Average interest rate swap pay-fixed rate (excluding forward starting swaps)Average interest rate swap pay-fixed rate (excluding forward starting swaps)0.65 %1.90 %1.00 %1.93 %Average interest rate swap pay-fixed rate (excluding forward starting swaps)0.16 %1.22 %
Average interest rate swap receive-floating rateAverage interest rate swap receive-floating rate(0.11)%(2.58)%(0.90)%(2.64)%Average interest rate swap receive-floating rate(0.05)%(1.39)%
Average interest rate swap net pay/(receive) rateAverage interest rate swap net pay/(receive) rate0.54 %(0.68)%0.10 %(0.71)%Average interest rate swap net pay/(receive) rate0.11 %(0.17)%
For the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, we had an average forward starting swap balance of $0.9$0.3 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, we had an average forward starting swap balance of $3.5 billion and $4.3$1.5 billion, respectively. Forward starting interest rate swaps do not impact our economic interest expense and aggregate cost of funds until they commence accruing net interest settlements on their forward start dates. Including forward starting swaps, our average ratio of interest rate swaps outstanding to our average mortgage borrowings for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020 was 53% and 63%72%, respectively, and 57% and 56%, respectively, for the corresponding prior year periods.respectively.
Net Interest Spread
The following table presents a summary of our net interest spread (including the impact of TBA dollar roll income, interest rate swaps and excluding "catch-up" premium amortization) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and 2019:2020:
3533

Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Investment and TBA Securities - Net Interest SpreadInvestment and TBA Securities - Net Interest Spread2020201920202019Investment and TBA Securities - Net Interest Spread20212020
Average asset yield, excluding "catch-up" premium amortizationAverage asset yield, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization2.56 %3.24 %2.78 %3.28 %Average asset yield, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization2.02 %2.97 %
Average aggregate cost of fundsAverage aggregate cost of funds(0.88)%(2.24)%(1.31)%(2.25)%Average aggregate cost of funds(0.02)%(1.67)%
Average net interest spread, excluding "catch-up" premium amortizationAverage net interest spread, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization1.68 %1.00 %1.47 %1.03 %Average net interest spread, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization2.00 %1.30 %
Net Spread and Dollar Roll Income
The following table presents a summary of our net spread and dollar roll income, excluding estimated "catch-up" premium amortization, per diluted common share (a non-GAAP financial measure) and a reconciliation to our net interest income (the most comparable GAAP financial measure) for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020 and 2019 (dollars in millions):
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
Three Months Ended
March 31,
202020192020201920212020
Net interest income (GAAP measure)Net interest income (GAAP measure)$295  $123  $360  $287  Net interest income (GAAP measure)$528 $65 
TBA dollar roll income, net 1
TBA dollar roll income, net 1
78  22  94  41  
TBA dollar roll income, net 1
154 16 
Interest rate swap periodic interest income (cost), net 1
(59) 88  (28) 171  
Interest rate swap periodic (cost) income, net 1
Interest rate swap periodic (cost) income, net 1
(12)31 
Other interest and dividend income 1
Other interest and dividend income 1
1  4  3  7  
Other interest and dividend income 1
— 2 
Adjusted net interest and dollar roll incomeAdjusted net interest and dollar roll income315  237  429  506  Adjusted net interest and dollar roll income670 114 
Operating expenseOperating expense(24) (20) (47) (39) Operating expense(24)(23)
Net spread and dollar roll incomeNet spread and dollar roll income291  217  382  467  Net spread and dollar roll income646 91 
Dividend on preferred stockDividend on preferred stock25  13  46  23  Dividend on preferred stock25 21 
Net spread and dollar roll income available to common stockholders (non-GAAP measure)Net spread and dollar roll income available to common stockholders (non-GAAP measure)266  204  336  444  Net spread and dollar roll income available to common stockholders (non-GAAP measure)621 70 
Estimated "catch-up" premium amortization cost due to change in CPR forecast57  58  300  97  
Estimated "catch-up" premium amortization cost (benefit) due to change in CPR forecastEstimated "catch-up" premium amortization cost (benefit) due to change in CPR forecast(213)243 
Net spread and dollar roll income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization, available to common stockholders (non-GAAP measure)Net spread and dollar roll income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization, available to common stockholders (non-GAAP measure)$323  $262  $636  $541  Net spread and dollar roll income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization, available to common stockholders (non-GAAP measure)$408 $313 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basicWeighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic560.3  537.8  554.2  537.2  Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic533.7 548.0 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - dilutedWeighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted560.8  538.4  555.0  537.8  Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted535.6 549.2 
Net spread and dollar roll income per common share - basicNet spread and dollar roll income per common share - basic$0.47  $0.38  $0.61  $0.83  Net spread and dollar roll income per common share - basic$1.16 $0.13 
Net spread and dollar roll income per common share - dilutedNet spread and dollar roll income per common share - diluted$0.47  $0.38  $0.61  $0.83  Net spread and dollar roll income per common share - diluted$1.16 $0.13 
Net spread and dollar roll income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization, per common share - basicNet spread and dollar roll income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization, per common share - basic$0.58  $0.49  $1.15  $1.01  Net spread and dollar roll income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization, per common share - basic$0.76 $0.57 
Net spread and dollar roll income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization, per common share - dilutedNet spread and dollar roll income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization, per common share - diluted$0.58  $0.49  $1.15  $1.01  Net spread and dollar roll income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization, per common share - diluted$0.76 $0.57 

1.Reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income
Gain (Loss) on Investment Securities, Net
The following table is a summary of our net gain (loss) on investment securities for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020 and 2019 (in millions): 
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Gain (Loss) on Investment Securities, Net 1
Gain (Loss) on Investment Securities, Net 1
2020201920202019
Gain (Loss) on Investment Securities, Net 1
20212020
Gain on sale of investment securities, net$153  $132  $647  $192  
Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities, netGain (loss) on sale of investment securities, net$(13)$494 
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, net 2
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, net 2
679  759  876  1,819  
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, net 2
(955)197 
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, netUnrealized gain (loss) on investment securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, net203  379  667  779  Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, net(237)464 
Total gain (loss) on investment securities, netTotal gain (loss) on investment securities, net$1,035  $1,270  $2,190  $2,790  Total gain (loss) on investment securities, net$(1,205)$1,155 

1.Amounts exclude gain (loss) on TBA securities, which are reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
2.Investment securities acquired after fiscal year 2016 are measured at fair value through net income (see Note 32 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q).
3634

Gain (Loss) on Derivative Instruments and Other Securities, Net  
The following table is a summary of our gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020 and 2019 (in millions):
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2020201920202019 20212020
Interest rate swap periodic interest income (cost), net$(59) $88  $(28) $171  
Interest rate swap periodic income (cost), netInterest rate swap periodic income (cost), net$(12)$31 
Realized gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net:Realized gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net:Realized gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net:
TBA securities - dollar roll income, netTBA securities - dollar roll income, net78  22  94  41  TBA securities - dollar roll income, net154 16 
TBA securities - mark-to-market net gain (loss)TBA securities - mark-to-market net gain (loss)584  126  713  191  TBA securities - mark-to-market net gain (loss)(228)129 
Payer swaptionsPayer swaptions(8) (17) (30) (27) Payer swaptions(24)(22)
U.S. Treasury securities - long positionU.S. Treasury securities - long position26  1  86  1  U.S. Treasury securities - long position(10)60 
U.S. Treasury securities - short positionU.S. Treasury securities - short position(79) (551) (713) (617) U.S. Treasury securities - short position1 (634)
U.S. Treasury futures - short positionU.S. Treasury futures - short position(74) (50) (95) (95) U.S. Treasury futures - short position27 (21)
Interest rate swaps - termination fees and variation margin settlements, netInterest rate swaps - termination fees and variation margin settlements, net(320) (940) (3,126) (1,639) Interest rate swaps - termination fees and variation margin settlements, net1,090 (2,806)
Losses on debt extinguishment(146) —  (146) —  
OtherOther1  (2) 28  (8) Other— 27 
Total realized gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, netTotal realized gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net62  (1,411) (3,189) (2,153) Total realized gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net1,010 (3,251)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net:Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net:Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net:
TBA securities - mark-to-market net gain (loss)TBA securities - mark-to-market net gain (loss)(442) 15  106  14  TBA securities - mark-to-market net gain (loss)(852)548 
Interest rate swapsInterest rate swaps—  (167) (20) (147) Interest rate swaps46 (20)
Payer swaptionsPayer swaptions(6) (8) (118) (25) Payer swaptions411 (112)
U.S. Treasury securities - long positionU.S. Treasury securities - long position(22) 5  15  5  U.S. Treasury securities - long position— 37 
U.S. Treasury securities - short positionU.S. Treasury securities - short position19  46  (284) (313) U.S. Treasury securities - short position806 (303)
U.S. Treasury futures - short positionU.S. Treasury futures - short position66  (7) (17) 7  U.S. Treasury futures - short position34 (83)
OtherOther(3) 1  (4) 3  Other(4)(1)
Total unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, netTotal unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net(388) (115) (322) (456) Total unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net441 66 
Total gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, netTotal gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net$(385) $(1,438) $(3,539) $(2,438) Total gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net$1,439 $(3,154)
For further details regarding our use of derivative instruments and related activity refer to Notes 32 and 65 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
Estimated Taxable Income (Loss)
For the three months ended June 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, we had estimated taxable income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders of $(4)$(164) million and $171$111 million, respectively, or $(0.01)$(0.31) and $0.32 per diluted common share, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, we had estimated taxable income available to common stockholders of $107 million and $367 million, or $0.19 and $0.68$0.20 per diluted common share, respectively. Income determined under GAAP differs from income determined under U.S. federal income tax rules because of both temporary and permanent differences in income and expense recognition. The primary differences are (i) unrealized gains and losses on investment securities and derivative instruments marked-to-market in current income for GAAP purposes, but excluded from taxable income until realized, settled or amortized over the instrument's original term, (ii) timing differences, both temporary and potentially permanent, in the recognition of certain realized gains and losses and (iii) temporary differences related to the amortization of premiums and discounts on investments. Furthermore, our estimated taxable income is subject to potential adjustments up to the time of filing our appropriate tax returns, which occurs after the end of our fiscal year. The following is a reconciliation of our GAAP net income to our estimated taxable income for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020 and 2019 (dollars in millions, except per share amounts):
3735

Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2020201920202019
Net income (loss)$718  $(444) $(1,703) $(179) 
Estimated book to tax differences:
Premium amortization, net22  67  259  121  
Realized gain/loss, net—  886  2,555  1,513  
Net capital loss/(utilization of net capital loss carryforward)(426) 320  (394) 308  
Unrealized (gain)/loss, net(291) (644) (554) (1,363) 
Other(2) (1) (10) (10) 
Total book to tax differences(697) 628  1,856  569  
Estimated REIT taxable income21  184  153  390  
Dividends on preferred stock25  13  46  23  
Estimated REIT taxable income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders$(4) $171  $107  $367  
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic560.3  537.8  554.2  537.2  
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted560.3  538.4  555.0  537.8  
Estimated REIT taxable income (loss) per common share - basic$(0.01) $0.32  $0.19  $0.68  
Estimated REIT taxable income (loss) per common share - diluted$(0.01) $0.32  $0.19  $0.68  
Beginning cumulative non-deductible net capital loss$426  $170  $394  $182  
Increase (decrease) in net capital loss carryforward(426) 320  (394) 308  
Ending cumulative non-deductible net capital loss$—  $490  $—  $490  
Ending cumulative non-deductible net capital loss per common share$—  $0.89  $—  $0.89  
Three Months EndedMarch 31,
20212020
Net income/(loss)$975 $(2,421)
Book to tax differences:
Premium amortization, net(269)237 
Realized gain/loss, net(1,494)2,555 
Net capital loss/(utilization of net capital loss carryforward)89 32 
Unrealized (gain)/loss, net545 (263)
Other(10)(8)
Total book to tax differences(1,139)2,553 
REIT taxable income (loss)(164)132 
REIT taxable income attributed to preferred stock— 21 
REIT taxable income (loss), attributed to common stock$(164)$111 
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic533.7 548.0 
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted533.7 549.2 
REIT taxable income (loss) per common share - basic$(0.31)$0.20 
REIT taxable income (loss) per common share - diluted$(0.31)$0.20 
Beginning net capital loss carryforward$— $394 
Increase (decrease) in net capital loss carryforward89 32 
Ending net capital loss carryforward$89 $426 
Ending net capital loss carryforward per common share$0.17 $0.75 
3836

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our business is dependent on our ability to maintain adequate levels of liquidity and capital resources to fund day-to-day operations, fulfill collateral requirements under our funding and derivative agreements, and to satisfy our dividend distribution requirement of at least 90% of our taxable income to maintain our qualification as a REIT. Our primary sources of liquidity are unencumbered cash and securities, borrowings available under repurchase agreements, TBA dollar roll financing and monthly receipts of principal and interest payments. We may also conduct asset sales, change our asset or funding mix, issue equity or undertake other capital enhancing actions to maintain adequate levels of liquidity and capital resources.
We believe that we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources available to meet our obligations and execute our business strategy. In assessing our liquidity, we consider a number of factors, including our current leverage, haircut and minimum collateral levels, access to capital markets, overall market conditions, and the sensitivity of our tangible net book value over a range of scenarios. However, these and other factors impacting our liquidity are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including as described in the Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures of Market Risks and Risk Factors sections of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as amended (our "2019 Form 10-K") and this Form 10-Q.
Leverage and Financing Sources
Our leverage will vary depending on market conditions and our assessment of relative risks and returns, but we generally would expect our leverage to be between six and twelve times the amount of our tangible stockholders' equity, measured as the sum of our total mortgage borrowings and net payable / (receivable) for unsettled investment securities, divided by the sum of our total stockholders' equity adjusted to exclude goodwill. Our tangible net book value "at risk" leverage ratio was 9.2x7.7x and 9.4x8.5x as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively. The following table includes a summary of our mortgage borrowings outstanding as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 (dollars in millions). For additional details of our mortgage borrowings refer to Notes 3,2, 4 and 5 and 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
June 30, 2020December 31, 2019March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Mortgage BorrowingsMortgage BorrowingsAmount%Amount%Mortgage BorrowingsAmount%Amount%
Repurchase agreements 1
Repurchase agreements 1
$69,166  77 %$89,085  92 %
Repurchase agreements 1
$55,056 68 %$52,366 63 %
Debt of consolidated variable interest entities, at fair valueDebt of consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value204  — %228  — %Debt of consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value165 — %177 — %
Total debtTotal debt69,370  77 %89,313  92 %Total debt55,221 69 %52,543 63 %
Net TBA position, at costNet TBA position, at cost20,413  23 %7,404  8 %Net TBA position, at cost25,355 31 %31,204 37 %
Total mortgage borrowingsTotal mortgage borrowings$89,783  100 %$96,717  100 %Total mortgage borrowings$80,576 100 %$83,747 100 %

1.Amount excludes $519 million and $97 millionAs of repurchase agreements used to fund purchases of U.S. Treasury securities as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019, respectively.2020, 44% and 46%, respectively, of our repurchase agreement funding was through the GCF Repo service.
RepurchaseOur primary financing sources are collateralized borrowings structured as repurchase agreements. We enter into repurchase agreements, or "repo," through bi-lateral arrangements involvewith financial institutions and independent dealers. We also enter into third-party repurchase agreements through our wholly-owned registered broker-dealer subsidiary, Bethesda Securities, LLC, such as tri-party repo offered through the saleFICC's GCF Repo service. We manage our repurchase agreement funding position through a variety of methods, including diversification of counterparties, maintaining a staggered maturity profile and utilization of interest rate hedging strategies. We also use TBA dollar roll transactions as a simultaneous agreement to repurchase the transferred assets at a future date and are accounted for as collateralizedmeans of synthetically financing transactions.  We maintain a beneficial interest in the specific securities pledged during the term of each repurchase arrangement and we receive the related principal and interest payments.  Agency RMBS.
The terms and conditions of secured borrowingsour repurchase agreements are negotiateddetermined on a transaction-by-transaction basis when each such borrowing is initiated or renewed.renewed and, in the case of GCF Repo, by the variable margin requirements calculated by the FICC, which acts as the central counterparty. The amount borrowed is generally equal to the fair value of the securities pledged, as determined by the lending counterparty, less an agreed-upon discount, referred to as a "haircut."haircut," This haircutwhich reflects the underlying risk of the specific collateral and protects ourthe counterparty against a change in its value, but conversely subjects us to counterparty credit risk and limits the amount we can borrow against our investment securities.value. Interest rates are generally fixed based on prevailing rates corresponding to the termsterm of the borrowings. Interest may be paid monthly or at the termination of a borrowing at which time we may enter into a new borrowing at prevailing haircuts and rates with the same lending counterparty or repay that counterparty and negotiate financing with a different lending counterparty.borrowing. None of our repo counterparties are obligated to renew or otherwise enter into new borrowings at the conclusion of our existing borrowings.
The use of TBA dollar roll transactions increases our funding diversification, expands our available pool of assets, and increases our overall liquidity position, as TBA contracts typically have lower implied haircuts relative to Agency RMBS pools held on balance sheet and funded with repo financing. However, if it were to become uneconomical to roll our TBA contracts into future months it may be necessary to take physical delivery of the underlying securities and fund those assets with cash or other financing sources, which could reduce our liquidity position. The collateral requirements under our TBA contracts are governed by the Mortgage-Backed Securities Division ("MBSD") of the FICC and by our brokerage agreements, which may establish margin levels in excess of the MBSD.
3937

Collateral Requirements and Unencumbered Assets
Amounts available to be borrowed under our repurchase agreements are dependent upon prevailing interest rates, the lender’s "haircut" requirements and collateral value. Each of these elements may fluctuate with changes in interest rates, credit quality and liquidity conditions within the financial markets. To help manage the adverse impact of interest rate changes on the value of our investment portfolio as well as our cash flows,borrowings, we utilize an interest rate risk management strategy under which weinvolving the use of derivative financial instruments. In particular, we attempt to mitigate the risk of the cost of our variable rateshort-term funding liabilities increasing at a faster rate than the earnings of our long-term fixed rate assets during a period of rising interest rates.
The collateral requirements, or haircut levels, under our repo agreements are typically determined on an individual transaction basis or by the prevailing requirements established by the FICC for GCF tri-party repo. Consequently, haircut levels and minimum margin requirements can change over time and may increase during periods of elevated market volatility. If the fair value of our collateral declines, our counterparties will typically require that we post additional collateral to re-establish the agreed-upon collateral levels, referred to as "margin calls." Similarly, if the estimated fair value of our investment securities increases, we may request that counterparties release collateral back to us. Our counterparties typically have the sole discretion to determine the value of pledged collateral but are required to act in good faith in making determinations of value. Our agreements generally provide that in the event of a margin call, collateral must be posted on the same business day, subject to notice requirements. As of March 31, 2021, we had met all our margin requirements.
The value of Agency RMBS collateral is impacted by market factors and is reduced by monthly principal pay-downs on the underlying mortgage pools. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac publish monthly security pay-down factors for their mortgage pools on the fifth day after month-end, but do not remit payment to security holders until generally the 25th day after month-end. Bi-lateral repo counterparties assess margin to account for the reduction in value of Agency collateral when factors are released. The FICC assesses margin on the last day of each month, prior to the factor release date, based on its internally projected pay-down rates (referred to as the "blackout period exposure adjustment" or "blackout margin"). On the factor release date, the blackout margin is released and collateralization requirements are adjusted to actual factor data. Due to the timing difference between associated margin calls and our receipt of principal pay-downs, our liquidity is temporarily reduced each month for principal repayments. We attempt to manage the liquidity risk associated with principal pay-downs by monitoring conditions impacting prepayment rates and through asset selection. As of March 31, 2021, our portfolio largely consisted of lower coupon 30 and 15-year TBA securities, which are not subject to monthly principal pay-downs, and higher coupon holdings concentrated in high quality, specified Agency RMBS pools, which have a lower risk of prepayment than similar coupon generic Agency RMBS.
Collateral requirements under our derivative agreements are subject to our counterparties' assessment of their maximum risk of loss associated with the derivative instrument measured over a certain period of time, referred to as the initial or minimum margin requirement. We are also subject to daily variation margin requirements based on changes in the value of the derivative instrument and/or collateral pledged. Daily variation margin requirements also entitle us to receive collateral if the value of amounts owed to us under the derivative agreement exceeds the minimum margin requirement. The collateral requirements under our TBA contracts are governed by the Mortgage-Backed Securities Division ("MBSD") of the FICC and, if applicable, by our third-party brokerage agreements, which may establish margin levels in excess of the MBSD. Collateral levels for interest rate derivative agreements are typically governed by the central clearing exchange and the associated futures commission merchants ("FCMs"), which may establish margin levels in excess of the clearing exchange. Collateral levels for interest rate derivative agreements not subject to central clearing are established by the counterparty financial institution.
Collateral Requirements and Unencumbered Assets
Amounts available to be borrowed under our repurchase agreements are dependent upon lender collateral requirements and the lender's determination of the fair value of the securities pledged as collateral, which fluctuates with changes in interest rates, credit quality and liquidity conditions within the investment banking, mortgage finance and real estate industries. If the fair value of our collateral declines due to changes in market conditions or the publishing of monthly security pay-down factors, our counterparties will typically require that we post additional collateral to re-establish the agreed-upon collateral requirements, referred to as "margin calls." Similarly, if the estimated fair value of our investment securities increases due to changes in interest rates or other factors, we may request that counterparties release collateral back to us. Our derivative agreements also require that we maintain a minimum collateral balance regardless of the value of the derivative instrument based on our counterparties' assessment of risk specific to the derivative instrument and clearing exchange rules.
Collateral requirements under our repurchase and derivative agreements are dependent on our counterparties' determination of the fair value of securities pledged and the "haircut" levels they apply against the value of our securities. Haircuts under repo agreements are typically determined on an individual transaction basis and reflect our counterparties' assessment of the underlying risk associated with the specific collateral. Our derivative agreements also require that we maintain a minimum collateral balance regardless of the value of the derivative instrument based on our counterparties' assessment of risk specific to the derivative instrument and clearing exchange rules. Haircut levels and minimum margin requirements can change overtime and could be expected to increase during periods of elevated market volatility. We are also subject to daily variation margin requirements based on changes in the value of our collateral and, in the case of derivative agreements, changes in the value of the derivative instrument. Daily variation margin requirements under our interest rate derivative agreements also entitle us to receive collateral if the value of amounts owed to us under the derivative instrument exceeds a minimum margin requirement. Our agreements may provide that the valuations of securities securing our obligations under the agreement are to be obtained from a generally recognized source agreed to by both parties to the agreement. Other agreements provide that our counterparty has the sole discretion to determine the value of pledged collateral, but is required to act in good faith in making determinations of value. Our agreements generally provide that in the event of a margin call, collateral must be posted on the same business day, subject to notice requirements. As of June 30, 2020, we had met all our margin requirements.
The value of Agency RMBS is reduced by principal pay-downs on the mortgage pools underlying them. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac publish monthly security pay-down factors for their mortgage pools on the fifth day after month-end and remit payment based on these factors generally on the 25th day after month-end. Counterparties to our bi-lateral repurchase agreements typically assess margin to account for these principal pay-downs prior to our receipt of the principal repayment when pool level principal payment data becomes available. The FICC assesses margin based on its internally projected pay-down rates on the last day of each month (referred to as the "blackout period exposure adjustment" or "blackout margin"). On the fifth day of the month, the blackout margin is released and collateralization requirements are adjusted to the actual published factor data. Consequently, our liquidity is temporarily reduced each month until we receive payment of the pay-down amounts. We attempt to manage the liquidity risk associated with principal pay-downs by monitoring conditions impacting prepayment rates and through asset selection. As of June 30, 2020, given the current market conditions and elevated prepayment risk associated with historically low interest rates, our portfolio largely consisted of higher coupon specified pool securities, which have a lower risk of prepayment compared to generic Agency RMBS, and TBA securities, which do not expose us to margin calls due to prepayments.
Haircut levels and minimum margin requirements imposed by our counterparties reduce the amount of our unencumbered assets and limit the amount we can borrow against our investment securities. ForDuring the sixthree months ended June 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, haircuts on Agency RMBS collateral remained stable. Haircutsstable, and, funding levels for our less liquid, credit-oriented securities, however, were adversely impacted by the dislocation in the financial markets in the first quarter, but improved to more normal levels during the second quarter. Asas of June 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, the weighted average haircut on our repurchase agreements was approximately 4.4%4.2% of the value of our collateral, inclusivecompared to 4.6% as of collateral funded through BES, unchanged from December 31, 2019.2020.
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To mitigate the risk of future margins calls, we seek to maintain excess liquidity by holding unencumbered liquid assets that can be used to satisfy collateral requirements, collateralize additional borrowings or sold for cash. As of June 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, our unencumbered assets totaled 54%62% of our tangible net equity, unchanged fromcompared to 60% as of December 31, 2019.December 31, 2020. The majority of our liquidity is held at AGNC, but we also maintain capital and excess liquidity at BES forBethesda Securities to meet regulatory standards, satisfy counterparty and clearing organization expectations, and for risk management purposes, and to meet expectations of its counterparties, clearing banks and clearing organizations.purposes. As of June 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, we had cash and unencumbered Agency RMBS and U.S. Treasury securities totaling $4.5$5.2 billion, or 48% of our tangible equity, which excludes unencumbered CRT andsecurities, non-Agency securities and assets held at BES.Bethesda Securities, compared to $5.4 billion and 51%, respectively, as of December 31, 2020.
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Counterparty Risk
Collateral haircuts and minimum margin requirements imposed by counterparties subject us to the risk that the counterparty credit risk.does not return pledged assets to us as and when required. We attempt to manage this risk by monitoring our collateral positions and limiting our counterparties to registered clearinghouses and major financial institutions with acceptable credit ratings. We also diversify our funding across multiple counterparties and by region. As of June 30, 2020, we had master repurchase agreements with 47 financial institutions located throughout North America, Europe and Asia, including repo counterparties accessed through BES. BES' direct access to the General Collateral Finance Repo service offered by the FICC and other triparty and bi-lateral repo funding provides us greater depth and diversity of funding at favorable terms relative to traditional bilateral repurchase agreement funding. As of June 30, 2020, $33.3 billion of our repurchase agreement funding was sourced through BES.
The table below includes a summary of our Agency RMBS repurchase agreement funding by number of repo counterparties and counterparty region as of June 30, 2020.
June 30, 2020
Counter-Party RegionNumber of Counter-Parties
Percent of Repurchase Agreement Funding 1
North America:
FICC148%
Other2739%
Total North America2887%
Europe1410%
Asia53%
Total47100%

1.Percent of repurchase agreement funding includes U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements.
As of June 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, our maximum amount at risk (or the excessexcess/shortfall of the value of collateral pledgedpledged/received over our repurchase liabilities)agreement liabilities/reverse repurchase agreement receivables) with any of our repurchase agreement counterparties, excluding the FICC, was less than 3%2% of our tangible stockholders' equity, with our top five repo counterparties, excluding the FICC, representing less than 9%5% of our tangible stockholders' equity. As of June 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, approximately 11%9% of our tangible stockholder's equity was at risk with the FICC. Excluding central clearing exchanges, as of June 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, our amount at risk with any counterparty to our derivative agreements was less than 1% of our stockholders' equity.
Asset Sales
Agency RMBS securities are among the most liquid fixed income securities, and the TBA market is the second most liquid market (after the U.S. Treasury market). The vitality of these markets enables us to sell assets under most market conditions to generate liquidity through direct sales or delivery into TBA contracts, subject to "good delivery" provisions promulgated by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association ("SIFMA"). Under certain market conditions, however, we may be unable to realize the full "pay-up" value of our specified pool securities, or premium relative to generic Agency RMBS, of our specified pool securities; consequently, we seekRMBS. We attempt to operate withmanage this risk by maintaining a minimum level of securities that trade at or near TBA values that in our estimation enhances our portfolio liquidity across a wide range of market conditions.
Capital Markets
The equity capital markets serve as a source of capital to grow our business and to meet potential liquidity needs of our business. The availability of equity capital is dependent on market conditions and investor demand for our common and preferred stock. We will typically not issue common stock when the price of our common stock trades below our tangible net book value or issue preferred equity when its cost exceeds acceptable hurdle rates of return on our equity. There can be no assurance that we will be able to raise additional equity capital at any particular time or on any particular terms. Furthermore, when the trading price of our common stock is less than our estimate of our current tangible net book value per common share,
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among other conditions, we may repurchase shares of our common stock. Please refer to Note 109 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for further details regarding our recent equity capital transactions.transactions and our stock repurchase plan.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
As of June 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, we did not maintain relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance, or special purpose or variable interest entities, established to facilitate off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. Additionally, as of June 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, we had not guaranteed obligations of unconsolidated entities or entered into a commitment or intent to provide funding to such entities.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The statements contained in this Quarterly Report that are not historical facts, including estimates, projections, beliefs, expectations concerning conditions, events, or the outlook for our business, strategy, performance, operations or the markets or industries in which we operate, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words such as “believe,” “plan,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “see,” “intend,” “outlook,” “potential,” “forecast,” “estimate,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “likely” and other similar, correlative or comparable words and expressions.
Forward looking statements are based on management’s assumptions, projections and beliefs as of the date of this Quarterly Report, but they involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements, as well as from historical performance. Factors that could cause actual results to vary from our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:
•the impact of the PandemicCOVID-19 pandemic and of measures taken in response to the PandemicCOVID-19 pandemic by various governmental authorities, businesses and other third parties;
•actions by the federal, state, or local governments to stabilize the economy, the housing sector or financial markets;
•changes in U.S. monetary policy or interest rates;rates, including Fed purchases of Agency RMBS;
•fluctuations in the yield curve;
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•fluctuations in mortgage prepayment rates on the loans underlying our Agency RMBS;
•the availability and terms of financing;
•changes in the market value of our assets, including from changes in net interest spreads, and changes in market liquidity or depth;
•the effectiveness of our risk mitigation strategies;
•conditions in the market for Agency RMBS and other mortgage securities;
•legislative or regulatory changes that affect our status as a REIT, our exemption from the Investment Company Act of 1940 or the mortgage markets in which we participate; and
•other risks discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” herein and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made, and we do not assume any duty and do not undertake to update forward-looking statements. A further discussion of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ from any of our forward-looking statements is included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and this document under Item 1A. Risk Factors. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market risk is the exposure to loss resulting from changes in market factors such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. The primary market risks that we are exposed to are interest rate, prepayment, spread, liquidity, extension and credit risk.
Interest Rate Risk
We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with the fixed income nature of our assets and the short-term, variable rate nature of our financing obligations. Our operating results depend in large part on differences between the income earned on our assets and our cost of borrowing and hedging activities. The costs associated with our borrowings are generally based on prevailing market interest rates. During a period of rising interest rates, our borrowing costs generally will increase while the yields earned on our existing portfolio of leveraged fixed-rate assets will largely remain static. This can result in a decline in our net interest spread. Changes in the level of interest rates can also affect the rate of mortgage prepayments and the value of our assets.
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Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including fiscal and monetary policies and domestic and international economic and political considerations, as well as other factors beyond our control. Subject to maintaining our qualification as a REIT, we engage in a variety of interest rate management techniques to mitigate the influence of interest rate changes on our net interest income and fluctuations of our tangible net book value. The principal instruments that we use to hedge our interest rate risk are interest rate swaps, swaptions, U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Treasury futures contracts. Our hedging techniques are highly complex and are partly based on assumed levels of prepayments of our assets. If prepayments are slower or faster than assumed, the maturity of our investments will also differ from our expectations, which could reduce the effectiveness of our hedging strategies and may cause losses on such transactions and adversely affect our cash flow.
The severity of potential declines in our tangible net book value due to fluctuations in interest rates would depend on our asset, liability, and hedge composition at the time, as well as the magnitude and duration of the interest rate change. Primary measures of an instrument's price sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations are its duration and convexity. Duration measures the estimated percentage change in market value of an instrument that would be caused by a parallel change in short and long-term interest rates. The duration of our assets will vary with changes in interest rates and tends to increase when interest rates rise and decrease when interest rates fall. This "negative convexity" generally increases the interest rate exposure of our investment portfolio in excess of what is measured by duration alone.
We estimate the duration and convexity of our assets using both a third-party risk management system and market data. We review the duration estimates from the third-party model and may make adjustments based on our judgment to better reflect any unique characteristics and market trading conventions associated with certain types of securities.
The table below quantifies the estimated changes in the fair value of our investment portfolio (including derivatives and other securities used for hedging purposes) and in our tangible net book value per common share as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 should interest rates go up or down by 50, 75 and 100 basis points, assuming instantaneous parallel shifts in the yield curve and including the impact of both duration and convexity. All values in the table below are measured as percentage changes from the base interest rate scenario. The base interest rate scenario assumes interest rates and prepayment projections as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019.2020.
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To the extent that these estimates or other assumptions do not hold true, which is likely in a period of high volatility, actual results could differ materially from our projections. Moreover, if different models were employed in the analysis, materially different projections could result. Lastly, while the table below reflects the estimated impact of interest rate changes on a static portfolio, we actively manage our portfolio and we continuously adjust the size and composition of our asset and hedge portfolio. 
Interest Rate Sensitivity 1,2
Interest Rate Sensitivity 1,2
Interest Rate Sensitivity 1,2
June 30, 2020December 31, 2019March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Change in Interest RateChange in Interest RateEstimated Change in Portfolio Market ValueEstimated Change in Tangible Net Book Value Per Common ShareEstimated Change in Portfolio Market ValueEstimated Change in Tangible Net Book Value Per Common ShareChange in Interest RateEstimated Change in Portfolio Market ValueEstimated Change in Tangible Net Book Value Per Common ShareEstimated Change in Portfolio Market ValueEstimated Change in Tangible Net Book Value Per Common Share
-100 Basis Points-100 Basis Points-0.1%-1.2%-0.5%-6.0%-100 Basis Points-0.6%-5.8%-1.2%-12.6%
-75 Basis Points-75 Basis Points+0.1%+0.9%-0.3%-3.0%-75 Basis Points-0.3%-2.6%-0.9%-9.7%
-50 Basis Points-50 Basis Points+0.1%+1.6%-0.1%-0.9%-50 Basis Points0.0%-0.4%-0.5%-5.8%
+50 Basis Points+50 Basis Points-0.1%-1.7%-0.4%-4.7%+50 Basis Points-0.5%-4.6%-0.1%-1.1%
+75 Basis Points+75 Basis Points-0.4%-4.9%-0.8%-9.1%+75 Basis Points-0.8%-8.1%-0.4%-4.0%
+100 Basis Points+100 Basis Points-0.8%-9.5%-1.3%-14.8%+100 Basis Points-1.2%-12.0%-0.8%-8.1%

1.Derived from models that are dependent on inputs and assumptions provided by third parties, assumes there are no changes in mortgage spreads and assumes a static portfolio. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.
2.Includes the effect of derivatives and other securities used for hedging purposes. Interest rates are assumed to be floored at 0% in down rate scenarios.
Prepayment Risk
Prepayment risk is the risk that our assets will be repaid at a faster rate than anticipated. Interest rates and numerous other factors affect the rate of prepayments, such as housing prices, general economic conditions, loan age, size and loan-to-value ratios, and GSE buyouts of delinquent loans underlying our securities among.securities. Generally, prepayments increase during periods of falling mortgage interest rates and decrease during periods of rising mortgage interest rates. However, this may not always be the case.
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If our assets prepay at a faster rate than anticipated, we may be unable to reinvest the repayments at acceptable yields. If the proceeds are reinvested at lower yields than our existing assets, our net interest income would be negatively impacted. We also amortize or accrete premiums and discounts we pay or receive at purchase relative to the stated principal of our assets into interest income over their projected lives using the effective interest method. If the actual and estimated future prepayment experience differs from our prior estimates, we are required to record an adjustment to interest income for the impact of the cumulative difference in the effective yield.
Extension Risk
Extension risk is the risk that our assets will be repaid at a slower rate than anticipated and generally increases when interest rates rise. In which case,a rising or higher interest rate environment, we may havebe required to finance our investments at potentially higher costs without the ability to reinvest principal into higher yielding securities becauseas a result of borrowers prepayprepaying their mortgages at a slower pace than originally expected,anticipated, adversely impacting our net interest spread, and thus our net interest income.
As of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, our investment securities (excluding TBAs) had a weighted average projected CPR of 16.6%11.3% and 10.8%17.6%, respectively, and a weighted average yield of 2.64%2.39% and 3.07%2.33%, respectively. The table below presents estimated weighted average projected CPRs and yields for our investment securities should interest rates go up or down instantaneously by 50, 75 and 100 basis points. Estimated yields exclude the impact of retroactive "catch-up" premium amortization adjustments fromfor prior periods due to changes in the projected CPR assumption.
Interest Rate Sensitivity 1
June 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Change in Interest RateWeighted Average Projected CPR
Weighted Average Asset Yield 2
Weighted Average Projected CPR
Weighted Average Asset Yield 2
-100 Basis Points22.3%2.32%20.3%2.73%
-75 Basis Points21.6%2.36%17.7%2.82%
-50 Basis Points20.2%2.42%15.0%2.90%
  Actual as of Period End16.6%2.64%10.8%3.07%
+50 Basis Points12.7%2.79%8.1%3.12%
+75 Basis Points11.0%2.87%7.5%3.15%
+100 Basis Points9.8%2.93%6.8%3.16%
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Interest Rate Sensitivity 1
March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Change in Interest RateWeighted Average Projected CPR
Weighted Average Asset Yield 2
Weighted Average Projected CPR
Weighted Average Asset Yield 2
-100 Basis Points17.7%2.06%25.6%1.91%
-75 Basis Points15.7%2.16%23.9%1.99%
-50 Basis Points13.9%2.25%21.9%2.09%
  Actual as of Period End11.3%2.39%17.6%2.33%
+50 Basis Points9.7%2.47%14.3%2.45%
+75 Basis Points9.1%2.50%13.0%2.51%
+100 Basis Points8.6%2.52%11.9%2.56%

1.Derived from models that are dependent on inputs and assumptions provided by third parties and assumes a static portfolio. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Table excludes TBA securities.
2.Asset yield based on historical cost basis and does not include the impact of retroactive "catch-up" premium amortization adjustments due to changes in projected CPR.
Spread Risk
Spread risk is the risk that the market spread between the yield on our assets and the yield on benchmark interest rates linked to our interest rate hedges, such as U.S. Treasury rates and interest rate swap rates, may vary. As a levered investor in mortgage-backed securities, spread risk is an inherent component of our investment strategy. Consequently, although we use hedging instruments to attempt to protect against moves in interest rates, our hedges are generally not designed to protect against spread risk, and our tangible net book value could decline if spreads widen.
Fluctuations in mortgage spreads can occur due to a variety of factors, including changes in interest rates, prepayment expectations, actual or anticipated monetary policy actions by the U.S. and foreign central banks, liquidity conditions, required rates of returns on different assets and other market supply and demand factors. The table below quantifies the estimated changes in the fair value of our assets, net of hedges, and our tangible net book value per common share as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 20192020 should spreads widen or tighten by 10, 25 and 50 basis points. The estimated impact of changes in spreads is in addition to our interest rate shock sensitivity included in the interest rate shock table above. The table below assumes a spread duration of 4.45.6 and 5.04.4 years as of June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively, based on interest rates and prices as of such dates; however, our portfolio's sensitivity to mortgage spread changes will vary with changes in interest rates and in the size and composition of our portfolio. Therefore, actual results could differ materially from our estimates.
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Spread Sensitivity 1,2
Spread Sensitivity 1,2
Spread Sensitivity 1,2
June 30, 2020December 31, 2019March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Change in MBS SpreadChange in MBS SpreadEstimated Change in Portfolio Market ValueEstimated Change in Tangible Net Book Value Per Common ShareEstimated Change in Portfolio Market ValueEstimated Change in Tangible Net Book Value Per Common ShareChange in MBS SpreadEstimated Change in Portfolio Market ValueEstimated Change in Tangible Net Book Value Per Common ShareEstimated Change in Portfolio Market ValueEstimated Change in Tangible Net Book Value Per Common Share
-50 Basis Points-50 Basis Points+2.2%+26.0%+2.5%+28.0%-50 Basis Points+2.8%+27.0%+2.2%+23.9%
-25 Basis Points-25 Basis Points+1.1%+13.0%+1.2%+14.0%-25 Basis Points+1.4%+13.5%+1.1%+11.9%
-10 Basis Points-10 Basis Points+0.4%+5.2%+0.5%+5.6%-10 Basis Points+0.6%+5.4%+0.4%+4.8%
+10 Basis Points+10 Basis Points-0.4%-5.2%-0.5%-5.6%+10 Basis Points-0.6%-5.4%-0.4%-4.8%
+25 Basis Points+25 Basis Points-1.1%-13.0%-1.2%-14.0%+25 Basis Points-1.4%-13.5%-1.1%-11.9%
+50 Basis Points+50 Basis Points-2.2%-26.0%-2.5%-28.0%+50 Basis Points-2.8%-27.0%-2.2%-23.9%

1.Spread sensitivity is derived from models that are dependent on inputs and assumptions provided by third parties, assumes there are no changes in interest rates and assumes a static portfolio. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.
2.Includes the effect of derivatives and other securities used for hedging purposes.
Liquidity Risk
Our liquidity risk principally arises from financing long-term fixed rate assets with shorter-term variable rate borrowings. Future borrowings are dependent upon the willingness of lenders to finance our investments, lender collateral
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requirements and the lenders’ determination of the fair value of the securities pledged as collateral, which fluctuates with changes in interest rates and liquidity conditions within the commercial banking and mortgage finance industries. 
As of June 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, we believe that we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources available to execute our business strategy (see Liquidity and Capital Resources in this Form 10-Q for additional details). However, should the value of our collateral or the value of our derivative instruments suddenly decrease, margin calls relating to our funding liabilities and derivative agreements could increase, causing an adverse change in our liquidity position. Furthermore, there is no assurance that we will always be able to renew (or roll) our short-term funding liabilities. In addition, our counterparties have the option to increase our haircuts (margin requirements) on the assets we pledge against our funding liabilities, thereby reducing the amount that can be borrowed against an asset even if they agree to renew or roll our funding liabilities. Significantly higher haircuts can reduce our ability to leverage our portfolio or may even force us to sell assets, especially if correlated with asset price declines or faster prepayment rates on our assets.
Credit Risk
Our credit sensitive investments, such as CRT and non-Agency securities, expose us to the risk of nonpayment of principal, interest or other remuneration we are contractually entitled to. We are also exposed to credit risk in the event our repurchase agreement counterparties default on their obligations to resell the underlying collateral back to us at the end of the repo term or in the event our derivative counterparties do not perform under the terms of our derivative agreements.
We accept credit exposure related to our credit sensitive assets at levels we deem to be prudent within the context of our overall investment strategy. We attempt to manage this risk through careful asset selection, pre-acquisition due diligence, post-acquisition performance monitoring, and the sale of assets where we identify negative credit trends. We may also manage credit risk with credit default swaps or other financial derivatives that we believe are appropriate. Additionally, we may vary the mix of our interest rate and credit sensitive assets or our duration gap to adjust our credit exposure and/or improve the return profile of our assets, such as when we believe credit performance is inversely correlated with changes in interest rates. Our credit risk related to derivative and repurchase agreement transactions is largely mitigated by limiting our counterparties to major financial institutions with acceptable credit ratings or to registered central clearinghouses and monitoring concentration levels with any one counterparty. We also continuously monitor and adjust the amount of collateral pledged based on changes in market value.
There is no guarantee that our efforts to manage credit risk will be successful and we could suffer losses if credit performance is worse than our expectations or our counterparties default on their obligations. Excluding central clearing exchanges, as of June 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, our maximum amount at risk with any counterparty related to our repurchase agreements was less than 3%2% of tangible stockholders' equity and related to our derivative agreements was less than 1% of tangible stockholders' equity.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure based on the definition of "disclosure controls and procedures" as promulgated under the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
We, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2020.March 31, 2021. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our "internal control over financial reporting" (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Neither we, nor any of our consolidated subsidiaries, are currently subject to any material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any material litigation threatened against us or any consolidated subsidiary, other than routine litigation and administrative proceedings arising in each case, that isthe ordinary course of business. Such proceedings are not expected to have a material adverse effect on ourthe business, financial conditionconditions, or operations. You may refer to Part I. Item 3results of our 2019 Form 10-K concerning the resolution and dismissal of litigation involving the Company.operations.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Except provided below, thereThere have been no material updateschanges to the risk factors previously disclosed in our 2019 Form 10-K. The following supplement should be read in conjunction with the "Risk Factors" identified in Part I, Item 1A of our 2019 Form 10-K.
The risks we face could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and tangible net book value, and could cause our actual results to differ materially from our past results or the results contemplated by any forward-looking statements we make. The risks described in this report and our 2019Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or not presently deemed material by us, may also impair our operations and performance.
The economic and financial market turbulence resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic (the "Pandemic") has adversely affected our financial results and financial position and could continue to negatively impact our business.
The rapid global outbreak of COVID-19, a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus, has led to substantial financial market volatility and has significantly adversely affected both the U.S. and global economies. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic, and on, March 13, 2020, President Trump declared the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States a national emergency. The COVID-19 outbreak in the United States has resulted in stay-at-home orders, school closures and widespread business shutdowns across the country. These shutdowns and other reductions in business activity have resulted in a contraction of U.S. GDP for the first quarter of 2020 and substantially increased current and projected unemployment levels. While the U.S. federal government and the Federal Reserve (the "Fed") have taken actions to reduce the negative economic impact of the Pandemic, the extent to which these actions will mitigate the short-term and long-term negative impacts of the Pandemic on the U.S. economy, financial markets and our business is unclear, and the drop in the level of U.S. economic activity from these events could be sustained. The sudden and dramatic change to U.S. and global economic activity due to the Pandemic has resulted in severe financial market dislocations, varying degrees of illiquidity among fixed income assets, and a significant increase in market volatility, and such events may recur, persist or worsen.
The economic and financial market turbulence resulting from the Pandemic negatively impacted our results of operations and our tangible net book value and could continue to negatively impact our business. Each of the "Risk Factors" described in our 2019 Form 10-K could be materially impacted by conditions resulting from the Pandemic. Risks that we believe may be heightened during and following the Pandemic and related developments are described below; however, you should review each of the risk factors described in our 2019 Form 10-K carefully in light of the Pandemic and related developments. Because
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the direct and indirect impacts of the Pandemic and related developments are uncertain and depend on future events, they may also affect our operating and financial results in a manner that is not presently known to us or that we currently do not expect to present significant risks.
Model and forecast risks - The Pandemic and its impact on the U.S. and global economies, and the related governmental responses, have been unprecedented. It is difficult to assess or predict the impact of unprecedented events on our business, financial results and condition. Our forecasts and expectations relating to these developments are subject to many uncertainties and may change, perhaps substantially, from our current forecasts and expectations. Furthermore, our analytical models were not designed to incorporate the unique circumstances associated with the Pandemic and related developments. We use analytical models (both those supplied by third parties and proprietary models developed by us) and information supplied by our third-party vendors to value assets; forecast prepayment, default and foreclosure rates; and to manage risk. These predictive models are usually constructed based on historical trends, and the success of relying on such models depends heavily on the correlation between the reported historical data and future events or behavior. As such, the unprecedented economic and financial market events associated with the Pandemic reduce the ability of our models to predict future outcomes and could even render them invalid. Consequently, actual results could differ materially from our projections.
Spread and credit risks - Spread risk is an inherent component of our business and is increased by the use of leverage. Our hedging strategies are not designed to mitigate spread risk, and, thus, wider spreads negatively impact our tangible net book value. Spreads can widen due to a variety of factors, including changes in interest rates, prepayment expectations, actual or anticipated monetary policy actions by the U.S. and foreign central banks, liquidity conditions, required rates of returns on different assets and other market supply and demand factors, nearly all of which have been impacted by the Pandemic and related developments and are likely to continue to be impacted over at least the short to intermediate term as markets continue to grapple with their effects. The unprecedented decline in interest rates, extreme market volatility, and illiquidity across the fixed income markets stemming from these developments resulted in historically wide and volatile spread movements during the first quarter ofyear ended December 31, 2020. The Fed's unprecedented purchases of Agency RMBS and U.S. Treasury securities that began in March have eased conditions somewhat, but markets remain fragile. The Fed has committed its continued support of the U.S. Treasury and Agency RMBS markets and to the liquidity of repo funding markets backed by U.S. Treasury and Agency collateral. However, should the Fed fail to maintain an adequate level of support, prematurely reduce its support or stop its support altogether any number of adverse market reactions could occur, including materially wider spread movements. It is also possible that despite substantial Fed support, the funding market for Agency MBS could still deteriorate if primary dealers are unwilling to pass along the liquidity provided by the Fed to broader market participants. Additionally, an unwinding of the Fed's purchases of Agency and U.S. Treasury securities could severely disrupt the fixed income markets, resulting in interest rate volatility and wider spreads. Should any of these events occur, our tangible net book value and our financial position could be materially adversely impacted. In addition to spread risks, our investments in CRT and non-agency RMBS and CMBS are subject to credit risk, and the Pandemic and related developments may adversely impact the credit quality of those investments and result in our experiencing a loss on these investments.
Prepayment risk - The Pandemic has led to historically low interest rates. Prepayments on our investment securities typically increase when interest rates fall. An increase in prepayments can negatively impact our net interest margin and tangible net book value, which could be material. Mortgage rates have declined to historic lows and could continue to decline. It is also possible that after the Pandemic induced extended forbearance periods offered by the GSEs, which may extend up to 12 months, borrowers may be unable to resume monthly payments leading to a large scale buyouts of delinquent loans from mortgage pools by the GSE's. Additionally, technological advances throughout origination channels and changes to GSE underwriting requirements, potentially implemented in part or in whole in response to the Pandemic, could increase and/or accelerate the pace of mortgage origination activity. Any one of these factors could lead to materially faster prepayments. Furthermore, since prepayment models were not designed to incorporate the unique circumstances associated with the Pandemic, they may be less predictive of prepayment activity, hindering our ability to accurately forecast prepayment rates.
Extension risk - The social distancing measures instituted to combat the Pandemic have resulted in curtailed or ceased activity in many parts of the economy and have raised fears that the U.S. and global economies will enter a deep and protracted recession, or even depression. These fears have led to a historic decline in interest rates; however, should the U.S. economy recover faster than anticipated, interest rates could rise rapidly. Should this occur, the duration of our mortgage portfolio could extend faster than we expect and negatively impact our net book value. Although we expect to hedge against an increase in interest rates and manage our net duration gap, we cannot guarantee that our hedges or other funding and liability management activities will adequately protect us against extension risk and, thus, our tangible net book value could be materially adversely impacted should this occur.
Hedging and interest rate risks - Our hedges are intended to limit the adverse effect of changes in interest rates on our assets and cost of funds. Hedging strategies are complex and we use analytical models to help manage our risk. Since analytical models may be less reliable given the unprecedented events stemming from the Pandemic, there is an increased risk that our hedging strategies may be less effective, or even ineffective, which could materially adversely affect our financial
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position and tangible net book value. There are also many uncertainties associated with the Pandemic and the short and long-term economic and fiscal tolls are difficult to predict. With interest rates at or near their zero-bound range, an actual or anticipated severe economic recession or depression could cause interest rates to fall below zero. Negative rates could result in material losses on our interest rate hedges and negatively impact our net interest margin, adversely affecting our net income and tangible net book value. Although we expect that the Fed would use all its monetary policy tools to prevent negative rates, there is no guarantee that it will do so or that it would be successful at keeping rates above zero.
Liquidity risks - Turbulent market conditions resulting from the Pandemic increase the risk of margin calls under our funding and derivative agreements. If the value of our pledged collateral or if the value of our interest rate hedges declines, we will be required to post additional collateral. Counterparties may also increase haircut levels or overall margin requirements and generally have the right to unilaterally value our collateral. Counterparties to certain agreements, such as TBA clearing agreements, may only post collateral to us up to certain limits, resulting in our inability to receive collateral when it would otherwise have been due. Certain assets, such as credit assets, may not be financeable, or haircuts and pricing for such assets could increase substantially, particularly in periods of market volatility. Lastly, to the extent we are entitled to receive collateral from counterparties, they may be unwilling or unable to return collateral in a timely manner. If conditions result in our inability to meet margin calls, we could default on our obligations and be forced to sell assets under adverse conditions. In addition, if counterparties fail to fulfill their obligations to us, we could experience a loss. We may be unable to raise additional equity capital or procure funding, at all or on favorable terms, to address liquidity or other needs.
Human capital and business resiliency risks - Since mid-March, all of our workforce has been working remotely consistent with our business continuity plan. Stay-at-home orders and other Pandemic related restrictions in effect in the states and localities where our workforce is located may be extended in whole or in part for several additional months. The strain on our workforce and our business operations caused by this shift in our operating environment may result in business interruptions, reduced productivity and other adverse impacts on our operations. While our technological systems to date have continued to function with our workforce working remotely, this telework arrangement increases the risk of technological or cybersecurity incidents that could negatively affect our business operations. This telework arrangement, the risk that our employees or their family members could contract COVID-19 and our reliance for some services and functions on third parties, which are largely working under similar conditions, could also adversely affect our ability to maintain effective controls and procedures, which could result in material errors in our reported results or disclosures that are not complete or accurate.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Stock Repurchase Program
In JulyOctober of 2019,2020, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $1 billion of our outstanding shares of common stock through December 31, 2020.2021. As of June 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, the Company has repurchased shares at an aggregate amount of $250$316 million under the program. As of June 30, 2020, $750 millionMarch 31, 2021, $0.7 billion of common stock remainsremained available for repurchase under the program. The following table presents information with respect to purchases of our common stock made during the three months ended June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 by us or any "affiliated purchaser" of us, as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act (in millions, except per share amounts):
Settlement Date
Total Number of Shares Purchased 1
Average Net Price Paid Per Share 2
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs 3
Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (in millions)
April 1, 2020 - April 30, 20208.4$11.978.4$797
May 1, 2020 - May 31, 20204.0$12.083.8750
June 1, 2020 - June 30, 20200.0$—0.0N/A
Total12.4$12.0012.2$750

Period 1
Total Number of Shares PurchasedAverage Net Price Paid Per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs 2
Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (in millions)
January 1, 2021 - January 31, 20211.7$15.671.7$872
February 1, 2021 - February 28, 20215.2$16.125.2787
March 1, 2021 - March 31, 20216.4$16.096.4684
Total13.3$16.0513.3$684
___________________________
1.Gary Kain, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment officer, purchased 189,188 sharesAmounts are reported based on the trade date of our common stock on May 6, 2020 for an average net price paid perthe share of $12.60.repurchase.
2.Average net price paid per share purchased by the Company as part of publicly announced plans or programs was $11.99.
3.All shares purchased by the Company were pursuant to the stock repurchase program described in Note 109 of our accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities
None.
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Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.


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Item 6.    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) Exhibit Index
Exhibit No.    Description
*3.13.1    AGNC Investment Corp. Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.1 of Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 (File No. 001-34057)No. 001-34057), filed May 11, 2020.2020.
*3.2    AGNC Investment Corp. ThirdFourth Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.23.1 of Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 20168-K (File No. 001-34057), filed November 7, 2016.March 11, 2021.
*3.3    Certificate of Designations of 7.00% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.5 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed August 18, 2017.
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*3.4    Certificate of Elimination of 8.000% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 8-K (File No 001-34057), filed October 26, 2017.
*3.5    Certificate of Designations of 6.875% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.5 of Form 8-A (File No 001-34057), filed March 6, 2019.
*3.6    Certificate of Designations of 6.50% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.6 of Form 8-A (File No 001-34057), filed October 3, 2019.
*3.7    Certificate of Elimination of 7.750% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 8-K (File No 001-34057), filed December 13, 2019.
*3.8    Certificate of Designations of 6.125% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.6 of Form 8-A (File No 001-34057), filed February 11, 2020.
*4.1    Instruments defining the rights of holders of securities: See Article IV of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 (File No. 001-34057) filed May 7, 2018.
*4.2    Instruments defining the rights of holders of securities: See Article VI of our Third Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 (File No. 001-34057) filed November 7, 2016.
*4.3    Form of Certificate for Common Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 (File No. 001-34057), filed November 7, 2016.
*4.4    Specimen 7.00% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock Certificate, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed August 18, 2017.
*4.5    Specimen 6.875% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock Certificate, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed March 6, 2019.
*4.6    Specimen 6.50% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock Certificate, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed October 3, 2019.
*4.7    Specimen 6.125% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock Certificate, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Form 8-A (File No 001-34057), filed February 11, 2020.
*4.8    Deposit Agreement relating to 7.00% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, dated August 22, 2017, among AGNC Investment Corp., Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., jointly as depositary, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed August 22, 2017.
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*4.9    Form of Depositary Receipt representing 1/1,000th of a share of 7.00% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (included as part of Exhibit 4.8), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A of Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed August 22, 2017.
*4.10    Deposit Agreement relating to 6.875% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, dated March 6, 2019, among AGNC Investment Corp., Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., jointly as depositary, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed March 6, 2019.
*4.11    Form of Depositary Receipt representing 1/1,000th of a share of 6.875% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (included as part of Exhibit 4.10), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A of Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed March 6, 2019.
*4.12    Deposit Agreement relating to 6.50% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, dated October 3, 2019, among AGNC Investment Corp., Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., jointly as depositary, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed October 3, 2019.
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*4.13    Form of Depositary Receipt representing 1/1,000th of a share of 6.50% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (included as part of Exhibit 4.12), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A of Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed October 3, 2019.
*4.14    Deposit Agreement relating to 6.125% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, dated February 11, 2020, among AGNC Investment Corp., Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., jointly as depositary, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed February 11, 2020.
*4.15    Form of Depositary Receipt representing 1/1,000th of a share of 6.125% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (included as part of Exhibit 4.14), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A of Exhibit 4.1 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed February 11, 2020.
31.1    Certification of CEO Pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2    Certification of CFO Pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32    Certification of CEO and CFO Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS**    The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document
101.SCH**    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL**    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB**    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE**    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF**    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

*    Previously filed
**    This exhibit is being furnished rather than filed, and shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing, in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K
†    Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

(b)    Exhibits
        See the exhibits filed herewith.
 
(c)    Additional financial statement schedules
     None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
By:
/s/    GARY D. KAIN
 Gary D. Kain
Chief Executive Officer and
Chief Investment Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date:AugustMay 7, 20202021
By:
/s/    BERNICE E. BELL
Bernice E. Bell
Senior Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
Date:AugustMay 7, 20202021


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