UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31,June 30, 2023

Or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from             to      
WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP
WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Commission file number:State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization:I.R.S. Employer Identification No.:
Western Midstream Partners, LP001-35753Delaware46-0967367
Western Midstream Operating, LP001-34046Delaware26-1075808
Address of principal executive offices:Zip Code:Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
Western Midstream Partners, LP9950 Woodloch Forest Drive, Suite 2800The Woodlands,Texas77380(346)786-5000
Western Midstream Operating, LP9950 Woodloch Forest Drive, Suite 2800The Woodlands,Texas77380(346)786-5000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading symbolName of exchange
on which registered
Common units outstanding as of April 27,August 3, 2023:
Western Midstream Partners, LPCommon unitsWESNew York Stock Exchange384,615,443384,614,611
Western Midstream Operating, LPNoneNoneNoneNone
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Western Midstream Partners, LPYesþNo¨
Western Midstream Operating, LPYesþNo¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Western Midstream Partners, LPYesþNo¨
Western Midstream Operating, LPYesþNo¨




Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Western Midstream Partners, LPLarge Accelerated FilerAccelerated FilerNon-accelerated FilerSmaller Reporting CompanyEmerging Growth Company
þ
Western Midstream Operating, LPLarge Accelerated FilerAccelerated FilerNon-accelerated FilerSmaller Reporting CompanyEmerging Growth Company
þ
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Western Midstream Partners, LP¨
Western Midstream Operating, LP¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Western Midstream Partners, LPYesNoþ
Western Midstream Operating, LPYesNoþ

FILING FORMAT

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q is a combined report being filed by two separate registrants: Western Midstream Partners, LP and Western Midstream Operating, LP. Western Midstream Operating, LP is a consolidated subsidiary of Western Midstream Partners, LP that has publicly traded debt, but does not have any publicly traded equity securities. Information contained herein related to any individual registrant is filed by such registrant solely on its own behalf. Each registrant makes no representation as to information relating exclusively to the other registrant.

Part I, Item 1 of this quarterly report includes separate financial statements (i.e., consolidated statements of operations, consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of equity and partners’ capital, and consolidated statements of cash flows) for Western Midstream Partners, LP and Western Midstream Operating, LP. The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, which are included under Part I, Item 1 of this quarterly report, and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, which is included under Part I, Item 2 of this quarterly report, are presented on a combined basis for each registrant, with any material differences between the registrants disclosed separately.




TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
PART I
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
PART II
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 6.
3


COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS

References to “we,” “us,” “our,” “WES,” “the Partnership,” or “Western Midstream Partners, LP” refer to Western Midstream Partners, LP (formerly Western Gas Equity Partners, LP) and its subsidiaries. The following list of abbreviations and terms are used in this document:

Defined TermDefinition
AnadarkoAnadarko Petroleum Corporation and its subsidiaries, excluding our general partner, which became a wholly owned subsidiary of Occidental on August 8, 2019.
Barrel, Bbl, Bbls/d, MBbls/d42 U.S. gallons measured at 60 degrees Fahrenheit, barrels per day, thousand barrels per day.
BoardThe board of directors of WES’s general partner.
Cactus IICactus II Pipeline LLC, in which we held a 15% interest that we sold in November 2022.
ChipetaChipeta Processing, LLC.
CondensateA natural-gas liquid with a low vapor pressure compared to drip condensate, mainly composed of propane, butane, pentane, and heavier hydrocarbon fractions.
DBMDelaware Basin Midstream, LLC.
DBM Waterwater systemsDBM’s produced-water gathering and disposal systems in West Texas.
DJ Basin complexThe Platte Valley system, Wattenberg system, Lancaster plant, Latham plant, and Wattenberg processing plant.
EBITDA
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. For a definition of “Adjusted EBITDA,” see Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures under Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q.
Exchange ActThe Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
FRPFront Range Pipeline LLC, in which we own a 33.33% interest.
GAAPGenerally accepted accounting principles in the United States.
General partnerWestern Midstream Holdings, LLC, the general partner of the Partnership.
ImbalanceImbalances result from (i) differences between gas and NGLs volumes nominated by customers and gas and NGLs volumes received from those customers and (ii) differences between gas and NGLs volumes received from customers and gas and NGLs volumes delivered to those customers.
Marcellus Interest
The 33.75% interest in the Larry’s Creek, Seely, and Warrensville gas-gathering systems and related facilities located in northern Pennsylvania.
MGRMountain Gas Resources, LLC, includes the Red Desert complex and the Granger straddle plant.
Mi VidaMi Vida JV LLC, in which we own a 50% interest.
MLPMaster limited partnership.
Mcf, MMcf, MMcf/dThousand cubic feet, million cubic feet, million cubic feet per day.
Mont Belvieu JVEnterprise EF78 LLC, in which we own a 25% interest.
Natural-gas liquid(s) or NGL(s)The combination of ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, and natural gasolines that, when removed from natural gas, become liquid under various levels of pressure and temperature.
OccidentalOccidental Petroleum Corporation and, as the context requires, its subsidiaries, excluding our general partner.
PanolaPanola Pipeline Company, LLC, in which we own a 15% interest.
Produced waterByproduct associated with the production of crude oil and natural gas that often contains a number of dissolved solids and other materials found in oil and gas reservoirs.
Ranch WestexRanch Westex JV LLC, in which we owned a 50% interest through August 2022, and a 100% interest thereafter.
RCFWES Operating’s $2.0 billion senior unsecured revolving credit facility.
Red Bluff ExpressRed Bluff Express Pipeline, LLC, in which we own a 30% interest.
Related parties
Occidental, the Partnership’s equity interests (see Note 6—Equity Investments in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q), and the Partnership and WES Operating for transactions that eliminate upon consolidation.
RendezvousRendezvous Gas Services, LLC, in which we own a 22% interest.
Residue
The natural gas remaining after the unprocessed natural-gas stream has been processed or treated.
SaddlehornSaddlehorn Pipeline Company, LLC, in which we own a 20% interest.
4


Defined TermDefinition
SECU.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Services AgreementThat certain amended and restated Services, Secondment, and Employee Transfer Agreement, dated as of December 31, 2019, by and among Occidental, Anadarko, and WES Operating GP.
Springfield system
The Springfield gas-gathering system and Springfield oil-gathering system.
TEFR InterestsThe interests in TEP, TEG, and FRP.
TEGTexas Express Gathering LLC, in which we own a 20% interest.
TEPTexas Express Pipeline LLC, in which we own a 20% interest.
WES OperatingWestern Midstream Operating, LP, formerly known as Western Gas Partners, LP, and its subsidiaries.
WES Operating GPWestern Midstream Operating GP, LLC, the general partner of WES Operating.
West Texas complexThe DBM complex and DBJV and Haley systems.
WGRAHWGR Asset Holding Company LLC.
White CliffsWhite Cliffs Pipeline, LLC, in which we own a 10% interest.
Whitethorn LLCWhitethorn Pipeline Company LLC, in which we own a 20% interest.
Whitethorn
A crude-oil and condensate pipeline, and related storage facilities, owned by Whitethorn LLC.
$1.25 billion Purchase ProgramThe $1.25 billion buyback program ending December 31, 2024. The common units may be purchased from time to time in the open market at prevailing market prices or in privately negotiated transactions.

5

Table of Contents
PART I.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)

Item 1.  Financial Statements

WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended 
March 31,
Three Months Ended 
June 30,
Six Months Ended 
June 30,
thousands except per-unit amountsthousands except per-unit amounts20232022thousands except per-unit amounts2023202220232022
Revenues and otherRevenues and otherRevenues and other
Service revenues – fee basedService revenues – fee based$647,867 $631,598 Service revenues – fee based$661,506 $655,952 $1,309,373 $1,287,550 
Service revenues – product basedService revenues – product based46,810 40,867 Service revenues – product based46,956 70,498 93,766 111,365 
Product salesProduct sales39,025 85,589 Product sales29,659 149,736 68,684 235,325 
OtherOther280 243 Other152 233 432 476 
Total revenues and other (1)
Total revenues and other (1)
733,982 758,297 
Total revenues and other (1)
738,273 876,419 1,472,255 1,634,716 
Equity income, net – related partiesEquity income, net – related parties39,021 49,607 Equity income, net – related parties42,324 48,464 81,345 98,071 
Operating expensesOperating expensesOperating expenses
Cost of productCost of product51,459 72,848 Cost of product44,746 148,556 96,205 221,404 
Operation and maintenanceOperation and maintenance174,239 128,976 Operation and maintenance183,431 168,153 357,670 297,129 
General and administrativeGeneral and administrative51,117 48,602 General and administrative53,405 47,848 104,522 96,450 
Property and other taxesProperty and other taxes6,831 18,442 Property and other taxes18,547 22,662 25,378 41,104 
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization144,626 134,582 Depreciation and amortization143,492 139,036 288,118 273,618 
Long-lived asset and other impairments (2)
Long-lived asset and other impairments (2)
52,401 — 
Long-lived asset and other impairments (2)
234 90 52,635 90 
Total operating expenses (3)
Total operating expenses (3)
480,673 403,450 
Total operating expenses (3)
443,855 526,345 924,528 929,795 
Gain (loss) on divestiture and other, netGain (loss) on divestiture and other, net(2,118)370 Gain (loss) on divestiture and other, net(70)(1,150)(2,188)(780)
Operating income (loss)Operating income (loss)290,212 404,824 Operating income (loss)336,672 397,388 626,884 802,212 
Interest expenseInterest expense(81,670)(85,455)Interest expense(86,182)(80,772)(167,852)(166,227)
Gain (loss) on early extinguishment of debtGain (loss) on early extinguishment of debt6,813 91 6,813 91 
Other income (expense), netOther income (expense), net1,215 106 Other income (expense), net2,872 (45)4,087 61 
Income (loss) before income taxesIncome (loss) before income taxes209,757 319,475 Income (loss) before income taxes260,175 316,662 469,932 636,137 
Income tax expense (benefit)Income tax expense (benefit)1,416 1,805 Income tax expense (benefit)659 1,491 2,075 3,296 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)208,341 317,670 Net income (loss)259,516 315,171 467,857 632,841 
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interestsNet income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests4,696 8,953 Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests6,595 8,854 11,291 17,807 
Net income (loss) attributable to Western Midstream Partners, LPNet income (loss) attributable to Western Midstream Partners, LP$203,645 $308,717 Net income (loss) attributable to Western Midstream Partners, LP$252,921 $306,317 $456,566 $615,034 
Limited partners’ interest in net income (loss):Limited partners’ interest in net income (loss):Limited partners’ interest in net income (loss):
Net income (loss) attributable to Western Midstream Partners, LPNet income (loss) attributable to Western Midstream Partners, LP$203,645 $308,717 Net income (loss) attributable to Western Midstream Partners, LP$252,921 $306,317 $456,566 $615,034 
General partner interest in net (income) lossGeneral partner interest in net (income) loss(4,686)(6,783)General partner interest in net (income) loss(5,821)(6,767)(10,507)(13,550)
Limited partners’ interest in net income (loss) (4)
Limited partners’ interest in net income (loss) (4)
198,959 301,934 
Limited partners’ interest in net income (loss) (4)
247,100 299,550 446,059 601,484 
Net income (loss) per common unit – basic (4)
Net income (loss) per common unit – basic (4)
$0.52 $0.75 
Net income (loss) per common unit – basic (4)
$0.64 $0.74 $1.16 $1.49 
Net income (loss) per common unit – diluted (4)
Net income (loss) per common unit – diluted (4)
$0.52 $0.75 
Net income (loss) per common unit – diluted (4)
$0.64 $0.74 $1.16 $1.49 
Weighted-average common units outstanding – basic (4)
Weighted-average common units outstanding – basic (4)
384,468 403,254 
Weighted-average common units outstanding – basic (4)
384,614 403,027 384,542 403,140 
Weighted-average common units outstanding – diluted (4)
Weighted-average common units outstanding – diluted (4)
385,750 404,460 
Weighted-average common units outstanding – diluted (4)
385,510 404,162 385,665 404,280 

(1)Total revenues and other includes related-party amounts of $448.8$441.6 million and $428.7$890.4 million for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2023, respectively, and $456.8 million and $885.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. See Note 5.
(2)See Note 7.
(3)Total operating expenses includes related-party amounts of $(3.1)$(14.1) million and $(17.6)$(17.2) million for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2023, respectively, and $(11.2) million and $(28.8) million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.respectively, all primarily related to changes in imbalance positions. See Note 5.
(4)See Note 4.
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
6

Table of Contents
WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)
thousands except number of unitsthousands except number of unitsMarch 31,
2023
December 31,
2022
thousands except number of unitsJune 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
ASSETSASSETSASSETS
Current assetsCurrent assetsCurrent assets
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$112,645 $286,656 Cash and cash equivalents$213,953 $286,656 
Accounts receivable, netAccounts receivable, net558,300 554,263 Accounts receivable, net554,222 554,263 
Other current assetsOther current assets64,353 59,506 Other current assets29,028 59,506 
Total current assetsTotal current assets735,298 900,425 Total current assets797,203 900,425 
Property, plant, and equipmentProperty, plant, and equipmentProperty, plant, and equipment
CostCost13,550,060 13,365,593 Cost13,740,911 13,365,593 
Less accumulated depreciationLess accumulated depreciation5,008,838 4,823,993 Less accumulated depreciation5,139,941 4,823,993 
Net property, plant, and equipmentNet property, plant, and equipment8,541,222 8,541,600 Net property, plant, and equipment8,600,970 8,541,600 
GoodwillGoodwill4,783 4,783 Goodwill4,783 4,783 
Other intangible assetsOther intangible assets705,158 713,075 Other intangible assets697,241 713,075 
Equity investmentsEquity investments931,852 944,696 Equity investments920,123 944,696 
Other assets (1)
Other assets (1)
194,175 167,049 
Other assets (1)
198,630 167,049 
Total assets (2)
Total assets (2)
$11,112,488 $11,271,628 
Total assets (2)
$11,218,950 $11,271,628 
LIABILITIES, EQUITY, AND PARTNERS’ CAPITALLIABILITIES, EQUITY, AND PARTNERS’ CAPITALLIABILITIES, EQUITY, AND PARTNERS’ CAPITAL
Current liabilitiesCurrent liabilitiesCurrent liabilities
Accounts and imbalance payablesAccounts and imbalance payables$362,398 $360,562 Accounts and imbalance payables$359,298 $360,562 
Short-term debt
Short-term debt
2,714 215,780 
Short-term debt
2,532 215,780 
Accrued ad valorem taxesAccrued ad valorem taxes52,717 72,875 Accrued ad valorem taxes35,827 72,875 
Accrued liabilitiesAccrued liabilities163,498 254,640 Accrued liabilities223,887 254,640 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities581,327 903,857 Total current liabilities621,544 903,857 
Long-term liabilitiesLong-term liabilitiesLong-term liabilities
Long-term debt
Long-term debt
6,693,941 6,569,582 
Long-term debt
6,824,214 6,569,582 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes15,348 14,424 Deferred income taxes15,279 14,424 
Asset retirement obligationsAsset retirement obligations293,718 290,021 Asset retirement obligations301,975 290,021 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities426,590 385,629 Other liabilities433,775 385,629 
Total long-term liabilities
Total long-term liabilities
7,429,597 7,259,656 
Total long-term liabilities
7,575,243 7,259,656 
Total liabilities (3)
Total liabilities (3)
8,010,924 8,163,513 
Total liabilities (3)
8,196,787 8,163,513 
Equity and partners’ capitalEquity and partners’ capitalEquity and partners’ capital
Common units (384,615,227 and 384,070,984 units issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively)2,964,712 2,969,604 
General partner units (9,060,641 units issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022)2,261 2,105 
Common units (384,613,934 and 384,070,984 units issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively)Common units (384,613,934 and 384,070,984 units issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively)2,888,745 2,969,604 
General partner units (9,060,641 units issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022)General partner units (9,060,641 units issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022)322 2,105 
Total partners’ capitalTotal partners’ capital2,966,973 2,971,709 Total partners’ capital2,889,067 2,971,709 
Noncontrolling interestsNoncontrolling interests134,591 136,406 Noncontrolling interests133,096 136,406 
Total equity and partners’ capitalTotal equity and partners’ capital3,101,564 3,108,115 Total equity and partners’ capital3,022,163 3,108,115 
Total liabilities, equity, and partners’ capitalTotal liabilities, equity, and partners’ capital$11,112,488 $11,271,628 Total liabilities, equity, and partners’ capital$11,218,950 $11,271,628 

(1)Other assets includes $6.3$3.7 million and $6.5 million of NGLs line-fill inventory as of March 31,June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Other assets also includes $77.4$78.4 million and $60.4 million of materials and supplies inventory as of March 31,June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(2)Total assets includes related-party amounts of $1.3 billion as of March 31,June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, which includes related-party Accounts receivable, net of $307.6$346.7 million and $313.9 million as of March 31,June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. See Note 5.
(3)Total liabilities includes related-party amounts of $318.7$346.1 million and $312.3 million as of March 31,June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. See Note 5.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
7

Table of Contents
WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY AND PARTNERS’ CAPITAL
(UNAUDITED)
Partners’ CapitalPartners’ Capital
thousandsthousandsCommon
Units
General Partner
Units
Noncontrolling
Interests
TotalthousandsCommon
Units
General Partner
Units
Noncontrolling
Interests
Total
Balance at December 31, 2022Balance at December 31, 2022$2,969,604 $2,105 $136,406 $3,108,115 Balance at December 31, 2022$2,969,604 $2,105 $136,406 $3,108,115 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)198,959 4,686 4,696 208,341 Net income (loss)198,959 4,686 4,696 208,341 
Distributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest ownerDistributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest owner  (2,240)(2,240)Distributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest owner— — (2,240)(2,240)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest owner of WES OperatingDistributions to noncontrolling interest owner of WES Operating  (4,271)(4,271)Distributions to noncontrolling interest owner of WES Operating— — (4,271)(4,271)
Distributions to Partnership unitholdersDistributions to Partnership unitholders(192,039)(4,530) (196,569)Distributions to Partnership unitholders(192,039)(4,530)— (196,569)
Unit repurchases (1)
Unit repurchases (1)
(7,061)  (7,061)
Unit repurchases (1)
(7,061)— — (7,061)
Equity-based compensation expense
Equity-based compensation expense
7,199   7,199 
Equity-based compensation expense
7,199 — — 7,199 
OtherOther(11,950)  (11,950)Other(11,950)— — (11,950)
Balance at March 31, 2023Balance at March 31, 2023$2,964,712 $2,261 $134,591 $3,101,564 Balance at March 31, 2023$2,964,712 $2,261 $134,591 $3,101,564 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)247,100 5,821 6,595 259,516 
Distributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest ownerDistributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest owner  (1,230)(1,230)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest owner of WES OperatingDistributions to noncontrolling interest owner of WES Operating  (6,860)(6,860)
Distributions to Partnership unitholdersDistributions to Partnership unitholders(329,227)(7,760) (336,987)
Unit repurchases (1)
Unit repurchases (1)
(41)  (41)
Equity-based compensation expense
Equity-based compensation expense
7,665   7,665 
OtherOther(1,464)  (1,464)
Balance at June 30, 2023Balance at June 30, 2023$2,888,745 $322 $133,096 $3,022,163 

(1)See Note 4.

Partners’ CapitalPartners’ Capital
thousandsthousandsCommon
Units
General Partner
Units
Noncontrolling
Interests
TotalthousandsCommon
Units
General Partner
Units
Noncontrolling
Interests
Total
Balance at December 31, 2021Balance at December 31, 2021$2,966,955 $(8,882)$137,687 $3,095,760 Balance at December 31, 2021$2,966,955 $(8,882)$137,687 $3,095,760 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)301,934 6,783 8,953 317,670 Net income (loss)301,934 6,783 8,953 317,670 
Distributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest ownerDistributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest owner— — (1,984)(1,984)Distributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest owner— — (1,984)(1,984)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest owner of WES OperatingDistributions to noncontrolling interest owner of WES Operating— — (2,805)(2,805)Distributions to noncontrolling interest owner of WES Operating— — (2,805)(2,805)
Distributions to Partnership unitholdersDistributions to Partnership unitholders(131,786)(2,963)— (134,749)Distributions to Partnership unitholders(131,786)(2,963)— (134,749)
Unit repurchases (1)
Unit repurchases (1)
(5,149)— — (5,149)
Unit repurchases (1)
(5,149)— — (5,149)
Contributions of equity-based compensation from Occidental
Contributions of equity-based compensation from Occidental
1,949 — — 1,949 
Contributions of equity-based compensation from Occidental
1,949 — — 1,949 
Equity-based compensation expense
Equity-based compensation expense
5,794 — — 5,794 
Equity-based compensation expense
5,794 — — 5,794 
Net contributions from (distributions to) related partiesNet contributions from (distributions to) related parties409 — — 409 Net contributions from (distributions to) related parties409 — — 409 
OtherOther(6,088)— — (6,088)Other(6,088)— — (6,088)
Balance at March 31, 2022Balance at March 31, 2022$3,134,018 $(5,062)$141,851 $3,270,807 Balance at March 31, 2022$3,134,018 $(5,062)$141,851 $3,270,807 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)299,550 6,767 8,854 315,171 
Distributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest ownerDistributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest owner— — (1,198)(1,198)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest owner of WES OperatingDistributions to noncontrolling interest owner of WES Operating— — (6,007)(6,007)
Distributions to Partnership unitholdersDistributions to Partnership unitholders(201,667)(4,530)— (206,197)
Unit repurchases (1)
Unit repurchases (1)
(74,068)— — (74,068)
Contributions of equity-based compensation from Occidental
Contributions of equity-based compensation from Occidental
241 — — 241 
Equity-based compensation expense
Equity-based compensation expense
6,797 — — 6,797 
Net contributions from (distributions to) related partiesNet contributions from (distributions to) related parties375 — — 375 
OtherOther(918)— — (918)
Balance at June 30, 2022Balance at June 30, 2022$3,164,328 $(2,825)$143,500 $3,305,003 

(1)See Note 4.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
8

Table of Contents
WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended 
March 31,
Six Months Ended 
June 30,
thousandsthousands20232022thousands20232022
Cash flows from operating activitiesCash flows from operating activitiesCash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$208,341 $317,670 Net income (loss)$467,857 $632,841 
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization144,626 134,582 Depreciation and amortization288,118 273,618 
Long-lived asset and other impairments
Long-lived asset and other impairments
52,401 — 
Long-lived asset and other impairments
52,635 90 
Non-cash equity-based compensation expense
Non-cash equity-based compensation expense
7,199 7,743 
Non-cash equity-based compensation expense
14,864 14,781 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes924 1,132 Deferred income taxes855 1,920 
Accretion and amortization of long-term obligations, net
Accretion and amortization of long-term obligations, net
1,692 1,782 
Accretion and amortization of long-term obligations, net
4,095 3,586 
Equity income, net – related partiesEquity income, net – related parties(39,021)(49,607)Equity income, net – related parties(81,345)(98,071)
Distributions from equity-investment earnings – related parties
Distributions from equity-investment earnings – related parties
39,609 45,870 
Distributions from equity-investment earnings – related parties
82,871 96,404 
(Gain) loss on divestiture and other, net(Gain) loss on divestiture and other, net2,118 (370)(Gain) loss on divestiture and other, net2,188 780 
(Gain) loss on early extinguishment of debt(Gain) loss on early extinguishment of debt(6,813)(91)
OtherOther200 — Other399 136 
Changes in assets and liabilities:Changes in assets and liabilities:Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable, net(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable, net(4,037)(165,134)(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable, net41 (279,830)
Increase (decrease) in accounts and imbalance payables and accrued liabilities, netIncrease (decrease) in accounts and imbalance payables and accrued liabilities, net(136,460)(14,292)Increase (decrease) in accounts and imbalance payables and accrued liabilities, net(99,575)82,909 
Change in other items, netChange in other items, net24,832 (2,918)Change in other items, net67,057 14,366 
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities302,424 276,458 Net cash provided by operating activities793,247 743,439 
Cash flows from investing activitiesCash flows from investing activitiesCash flows from investing activities
Capital expendituresCapital expenditures(173,088)(83,971)Capital expenditures(334,570)(191,357)
Contributions to equity investments – related partiesContributions to equity investments – related parties(110)(2,070)Contributions to equity investments – related parties(132)(5,040)
Distributions from equity investments in excess of cumulative earnings – related partiesDistributions from equity investments in excess of cumulative earnings – related parties12,366 9,925 Distributions from equity investments in excess of cumulative earnings – related parties23,179 25,407 
Proceeds from the sale of assets to third partiesProceeds from the sale of assets to third parties 383 Proceeds from the sale of assets to third parties 1,096 
(Increase) decrease in materials and supplies inventory and other(Increase) decrease in materials and supplies inventory and other(18,346)4,116 (Increase) decrease in materials and supplies inventory and other(19,145)(1,053)
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(179,178)(71,617)Net cash used in investing activities(330,668)(170,947)
Cash flows from financing activitiesCash flows from financing activitiesCash flows from financing activities
Borrowings, net of debt issuance costsBorrowings, net of debt issuance costs220,000 — Borrowings, net of debt issuance costs956,225 634,010 
Repayments of debtRepayments of debt(313,138)— Repayments of debt(918,332)(883,548)
Increase (decrease) in outstanding checksIncrease (decrease) in outstanding checks18,768 (7,088)Increase (decrease) in outstanding checks(2,951)13,038 
Distributions to Partnership unitholders (1)
Distributions to Partnership unitholders (1)
(196,569)(134,749)
Distributions to Partnership unitholders (1)
(533,556)(340,946)
Distributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest ownerDistributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest owner(2,240)(1,984)Distributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest owner(3,470)(3,182)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest owner of WES OperatingDistributions to noncontrolling interest owner of WES Operating(4,271)(2,805)Distributions to noncontrolling interest owner of WES Operating(11,131)(8,812)
Net contributions from (distributions to) related partiesNet contributions from (distributions to) related parties 409 Net contributions from (distributions to) related parties 784 
Unit repurchasesUnit repurchases(7,061)(5,149)Unit repurchases(7,102)(79,217)
OtherOther(12,746)(7,225)Other(14,965)(9,184)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) financing activities(297,257)(158,591)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(535,282)(677,057)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalentsNet increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(174,011)46,250 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(72,703)(104,565)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of periodCash and cash equivalents at beginning of period286,656 201,999 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period286,656 201,999 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of periodCash and cash equivalents at end of period$112,645 $248,249 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$213,953 $97,434 
Supplemental disclosuresSupplemental disclosuresSupplemental disclosures
Interest paid, net of capitalized interestInterest paid, net of capitalized interest$133,245 $149,289 Interest paid, net of capitalized interest$158,376 $181,790 
Income taxes paid (reimbursements received)Income taxes paid (reimbursements received)1,270 905 Income taxes paid (reimbursements received)1,271 905 
Accrued capital expendituresAccrued capital expenditures91,067 36,821 Accrued capital expenditures116,466 51,878 

(1)Includes related-party amounts. See Note 5.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
9

Table of Contents
WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended 
March 31,
Three Months Ended 
June 30,
Six Months Ended 
June 30,
thousandsthousands20232022thousands2023202220232022
Revenues and otherRevenues and otherRevenues and other
Service revenues – fee basedService revenues – fee based$647,867 $631,598 Service revenues – fee based$661,506 $655,952 $1,309,373 $1,287,550 
Service revenues – product basedService revenues – product based46,810 40,867 Service revenues – product based46,956 70,498 93,766 111,365 
Product salesProduct sales39,025 85,589 Product sales29,659 149,736 68,684 235,325 
OtherOther280 243 Other152 233 432 476 
Total revenues and other (1)
Total revenues and other (1)
733,982 758,297 
Total revenues and other (1)
738,273 876,419 1,472,255 1,634,716 
Equity income, net – related partiesEquity income, net – related parties39,021 49,607 Equity income, net – related parties42,324 48,464 81,345 98,071 
Operating expensesOperating expensesOperating expenses
Cost of productCost of product51,459 72,848 Cost of product44,746 148,556 96,205 221,404 
Operation and maintenanceOperation and maintenance174,239 128,976 Operation and maintenance183,431 168,153 357,670 297,129 
General and administrativeGeneral and administrative50,885 47,861 General and administrative52,219 47,227 103,104 95,088 
Property and other taxesProperty and other taxes6,831 18,442 Property and other taxes18,547 22,662 25,378 41,104 
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization144,626 134,582 Depreciation and amortization143,492 139,036 288,118 273,618 
Long-lived asset and other impairments (2)
Long-lived asset and other impairments (2)
52,401 — 
Long-lived asset and other impairments (2)
234 90 52,635 90 
Total operating expenses (3)
Total operating expenses (3)
480,441 402,709 
Total operating expenses (3)
442,669 525,724 923,110 928,433 
Gain (loss) on divestiture and other, netGain (loss) on divestiture and other, net(2,118)370 Gain (loss) on divestiture and other, net(70)(1,150)(2,188)(780)
Operating income (loss)Operating income (loss)290,444 405,565 Operating income (loss)337,858 398,009 628,302 803,574 
Interest expenseInterest expense(81,670)(85,455)Interest expense(86,182)(80,772)(167,852)(166,227)
Gain (loss) on early extinguishment of debtGain (loss) on early extinguishment of debt6,813 91 6,813 91 
Other income (expense), netOther income (expense), net1,190 103 Other income (expense), net2,743 (49)3,933 54 
Income (loss) before income taxesIncome (loss) before income taxes209,964 320,213 Income (loss) before income taxes261,232 317,279 471,196 637,492 
Income tax expense (benefit)Income tax expense (benefit)1,416 1,805 Income tax expense (benefit)659 1,491 2,075 3,296 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)208,548 318,408 Net income (loss)260,573 315,788 469,121 634,196 
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interestNet income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest535 2,636 Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest1,410 2,587 1,945 5,223 
Net income (loss) attributable to Western Midstream Operating, LPNet income (loss) attributable to Western Midstream Operating, LP$208,013 $315,772 Net income (loss) attributable to Western Midstream Operating, LP$259,163 $313,201 $467,176 $628,973 

(1)Total revenues and other includes related-party amounts of $448.8$441.6 million and $428.7$890.4 million for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2023, respectively, and $456.8 million and $885.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. See Note 5.
(2)See Note 7.
(3)Total operating expenses includes related-party amounts of $(1.9)$(13.4) million and $(16.7)$(15.3) million for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2023, respectively, and $(10.5) million and $(27.2) million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.respectively, all primarily related to changes in imbalance positions. See Note 5.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
10

Table of Contents
WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)
thousands except number of unitsthousands except number of unitsMarch 31,
2023
December 31,
2022
thousands except number of unitsJune 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
ASSETSASSETSASSETS
Current assetsCurrent assetsCurrent assets
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$106,930 $286,101 Cash and cash equivalents$208,844 $286,101 
Accounts receivable, netAccounts receivable, net559,311 554,263 Accounts receivable, net554,202 554,263 
Other current assetsOther current assets62,277 57,291 Other current assets27,696 57,291 
Total current assetsTotal current assets728,518 897,655 Total current assets790,742 897,655 
Property, plant, and equipmentProperty, plant, and equipmentProperty, plant, and equipment
CostCost13,550,060 13,365,593 Cost13,740,911 13,365,593 
Less accumulated depreciationLess accumulated depreciation5,008,838 4,823,993 Less accumulated depreciation5,139,941 4,823,993 
Net property, plant, and equipmentNet property, plant, and equipment8,541,222 8,541,600 Net property, plant, and equipment8,600,970 8,541,600 
GoodwillGoodwill4,783 4,783 Goodwill4,783 4,783 
Other intangible assetsOther intangible assets705,158 713,075 Other intangible assets697,241 713,075 
Equity investmentsEquity investments931,852 944,696 Equity investments920,123 944,696 
Other assets (1)
Other assets (1)
192,459 166,450 
Other assets (1)
196,875 166,450 
Total assets (2)
Total assets (2)
$11,103,992 $11,268,259 
Total assets (2)
$11,210,734 $11,268,259 
LIABILITIES, EQUITY, AND PARTNERS’ CAPITALLIABILITIES, EQUITY, AND PARTNERS’ CAPITALLIABILITIES, EQUITY, AND PARTNERS’ CAPITAL
Current liabilitiesCurrent liabilitiesCurrent liabilities
Accounts and imbalance payablesAccounts and imbalance payables$362,347 $404,468 Accounts and imbalance payables$367,132 $404,468 
Short-term debt
Short-term debt
2,714 215,780 
Short-term debt
2,532 215,780 
Accrued ad valorem taxesAccrued ad valorem taxes52,717 72,875 Accrued ad valorem taxes35,827 72,875 
Accrued liabilitiesAccrued liabilities138,373 197,289 Accrued liabilities187,828 197,289 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities556,151 890,412 Total current liabilities593,319 890,412 
Long-term liabilitiesLong-term liabilitiesLong-term liabilities
Long-term debt
Long-term debt
6,693,941 6,569,582 
Long-term debt
6,824,214 6,569,582 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes15,348 14,424 Deferred income taxes15,279 14,424 
Asset retirement obligationsAsset retirement obligations293,718 290,021 Asset retirement obligations301,975 290,021 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities424,874 383,713 Other liabilities432,020 383,713 
Total long-term liabilities
Total long-term liabilities
7,427,881 7,257,740 
Total long-term liabilities
7,573,488 7,257,740 
Total liabilities (3)
Total liabilities (3)
7,984,032 8,148,152 
Total liabilities (3)
8,166,807 8,148,152 
Equity and partners’ capitalEquity and partners’ capitalEquity and partners’ capital
Common units (318,675,578 units issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022)3,093,570 3,092,012 
Common units (318,675,578 units issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022)Common units (318,675,578 units issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022)3,017,357 3,092,012 
Total partners’ capitalTotal partners’ capital3,093,570 3,092,012 Total partners’ capital3,017,357 3,092,012 
Noncontrolling interestNoncontrolling interest26,390 28,095 Noncontrolling interest26,570 28,095 
Total equity and partners’ capitalTotal equity and partners’ capital3,119,960 3,120,107 Total equity and partners’ capital3,043,927 3,120,107 
Total liabilities, equity, and partners’ capitalTotal liabilities, equity, and partners’ capital$11,103,992 $11,268,259 Total liabilities, equity, and partners’ capital$11,210,734 $11,268,259 

(1)Other assets includes $6.3$3.7 million and $6.5 million of NGLs line-fill inventory as of March 31,June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Other assets also includes $77.4$78.4 million and $60.4 million of materials and supplies inventory as of March 31,June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(2)Total assets includes related-party amounts of $1.3 billion as of March 31,June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, which includes related-party Accounts receivable, net of $308.6$346.7 million and $313.9 million as of March 31,June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. See Note 5.
(3)Total liabilities includes related-party amounts of $318.4$353.8 million and $356.0 million as of March 31,June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. See Note 5.
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
11

Table of Contents
WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY AND PARTNERS’ CAPITAL
(UNAUDITED)
thousandsthousandsCommon
Units
Noncontrolling
Interest
TotalthousandsCommon
Units
Noncontrolling
Interest
Total
Balance at December 31, 2022Balance at December 31, 2022$3,092,012 $28,095 $3,120,107 Balance at December 31, 2022$3,092,012 $28,095 $3,120,107 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)208,013 535 208,548 Net income (loss)208,013 535 208,548 
Distributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest ownerDistributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest owner (2,240)(2,240)Distributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest owner— (2,240)(2,240)
Distributions to WES Operating unitholdersDistributions to WES Operating unitholders(213,513) (213,513)Distributions to WES Operating unitholders(213,513)— (213,513)
Contributions of equity-based compensation from WES
Contributions of equity-based compensation from WES
7,058  7,058 
Contributions of equity-based compensation from WES
7,058 — 7,058 
Balance at March 31, 2023Balance at March 31, 2023$3,093,570 $26,390 $3,119,960 Balance at March 31, 2023$3,093,570 $26,390 $3,119,960 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)259,163 1,410 260,573 
Distributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest ownerDistributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest owner (1,230)(1,230)
Distributions to WES Operating unitholdersDistributions to WES Operating unitholders(342,895) (342,895)
Contributions of equity-based compensation from WES
Contributions of equity-based compensation from WES
7,519  7,519 
Balance at June 30, 2023Balance at June 30, 2023$3,017,357 $26,570 $3,043,927 


thousandsthousandsCommon
Units
Noncontrolling
Interest
TotalthousandsCommon
Units
Noncontrolling
Interest
Total
Balance at December 31, 2021Balance at December 31, 2021$3,063,289 $29,377 $3,092,666 Balance at December 31, 2021$3,063,289 $29,377 $3,092,666 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)315,772 2,636 318,408 Net income (loss)315,772 2,636 318,408 
Distributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest ownerDistributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest owner— (1,984)(1,984)Distributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest owner— (1,984)(1,984)
Distributions to WES Operating unitholdersDistributions to WES Operating unitholders(140,217)— (140,217)Distributions to WES Operating unitholders(140,217)— (140,217)
Contributions of equity-based compensation from Occidental
Contributions of equity-based compensation from Occidental
1,949 — 1,949 
Contributions of equity-based compensation from Occidental
1,949 — 1,949 
Contributions of equity-based compensation from WES
Contributions of equity-based compensation from WES
5,663 — 5,663 
Contributions of equity-based compensation from WES
5,663 — 5,663 
Net contributions from (distributions to) related partiesNet contributions from (distributions to) related parties409 — 409 Net contributions from (distributions to) related parties409 — 409 
Balance at March 31, 2022Balance at March 31, 2022$3,246,865 $30,029 $3,276,894 Balance at March 31, 2022$3,246,865 $30,029 $3,276,894 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)313,201 2,587 315,788 
Distributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest ownerDistributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest owner— (1,198)(1,198)
Distributions to WES Operating unitholdersDistributions to WES Operating unitholders(300,248)— (300,248)
Contributions of equity-based compensation from Occidental
Contributions of equity-based compensation from Occidental
241 — 241 
Contributions of equity-based compensation from WES
Contributions of equity-based compensation from WES
6,652 — 6,652 
Net contributions from (distributions to) related partiesNet contributions from (distributions to) related parties375 — 375 
Balance at June 30, 2022Balance at June 30, 2022$3,267,086 $31,418 $3,298,504 
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
12

Table of Contents
WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended 
March 31,
Six Months Ended 
June 30,
thousandsthousands20232022thousands20232022
Cash flows from operating activitiesCash flows from operating activitiesCash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$208,548 $318,408 Net income (loss)$469,121 $634,196 
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization144,626 134,582 Depreciation and amortization288,118 273,618 
Long-lived asset and other impairments
Long-lived asset and other impairments
52,401 — 
Long-lived asset and other impairments
52,635 90 
Non-cash equity-based compensation expense
Non-cash equity-based compensation expense
7,058 7,612 
Non-cash equity-based compensation expense
14,577 14,505 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes924 1,132 Deferred income taxes855 1,920 
Accretion and amortization of long-term obligations, net
Accretion and amortization of long-term obligations, net
1,692 1,782 
Accretion and amortization of long-term obligations, net
4,095 3,586 
Equity income, net – related partiesEquity income, net – related parties(39,021)(49,607)Equity income, net – related parties(81,345)(98,071)
Distributions from equity-investment earnings – related parties
Distributions from equity-investment earnings – related parties
39,609 45,870 
Distributions from equity-investment earnings – related parties
82,871 96,404 
(Gain) loss on divestiture and other, net(Gain) loss on divestiture and other, net2,118 (370)(Gain) loss on divestiture and other, net2,188 780 
(Gain) loss on early extinguishment of debt(Gain) loss on early extinguishment of debt(6,813)(91)
OtherOther200 — Other399 136 
Changes in assets and liabilities:Changes in assets and liabilities:Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable, net(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable, net(5,048)(165,134)(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable, net61 (279,830)
Increase (decrease) in accounts and imbalance payables and accrued liabilities, netIncrease (decrease) in accounts and imbalance payables and accrued liabilities, net(148,148)(21,864)Increase (decrease) in accounts and imbalance payables and accrued liabilities, net(114,355)74,551 
Change in other items, netChange in other items, net26,009 (2,294)Change in other items, net67,490 14,889 
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities290,968 270,117 Net cash provided by operating activities779,897 736,683 
Cash flows from investing activitiesCash flows from investing activitiesCash flows from investing activities
Capital expendituresCapital expenditures(173,088)(83,971)Capital expenditures(334,570)(191,357)
Contributions to equity investments – related partiesContributions to equity investments – related parties(110)(2,070)Contributions to equity investments – related parties(132)(5,040)
Distributions from equity investments in excess of cumulative earnings – related partiesDistributions from equity investments in excess of cumulative earnings – related parties12,366 9,925 Distributions from equity investments in excess of cumulative earnings – related parties23,179 25,407 
Proceeds from the sale of assets to third partiesProceeds from the sale of assets to third parties 383 Proceeds from the sale of assets to third parties 1,096 
(Increase) decrease in materials and supplies inventory and other(Increase) decrease in materials and supplies inventory and other(18,346)4,116 (Increase) decrease in materials and supplies inventory and other(19,145)(1,053)
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(179,178)(71,617)Net cash used in investing activities(330,668)(170,947)
Cash flows from financing activitiesCash flows from financing activitiesCash flows from financing activities
Borrowings, net of debt issuance costsBorrowings, net of debt issuance costs220,000 — Borrowings, net of debt issuance costs956,225 634,010 
Repayments of debtRepayments of debt(313,138)— Repayments of debt(918,332)(883,548)
Increase (decrease) in outstanding checksIncrease (decrease) in outstanding checks18,726 (6,953)Increase (decrease) in outstanding checks(2,951)13,142 
Distributions to WES Operating unitholders (1)
Distributions to WES Operating unitholders (1)
(213,513)(140,217)
Distributions to WES Operating unitholders (1)
(556,408)(440,465)
Distributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest ownerDistributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest owner(2,240)(1,984)Distributions to Chipeta noncontrolling interest owner(3,470)(3,182)
Net contributions from (distributions to) related partiesNet contributions from (distributions to) related parties 409 Net contributions from (distributions to) related parties 784 
OtherOther(796)(1,140)Other(1,550)(2,177)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) financing activities(290,961)(149,885)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(526,486)(681,436)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalentsNet increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(179,171)48,615 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(77,257)(115,700)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of periodCash and cash equivalents at beginning of period286,101 195,598 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period286,101 195,598 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of periodCash and cash equivalents at end of period$106,930 $244,213 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$208,844 $79,898 
Supplemental disclosuresSupplemental disclosuresSupplemental disclosures
Interest paid, net of capitalized interestInterest paid, net of capitalized interest$133,245 $149,289 Interest paid, net of capitalized interest$158,376 $181,790 
Income taxes paid (reimbursements received)Income taxes paid (reimbursements received)1,270 905 Income taxes paid (reimbursements received)1,271 905 
Accrued capital expendituresAccrued capital expenditures91,067 36,821 Accrued capital expenditures116,466 51,878 

(1)Includes related-party amounts. See Note 5.
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
13

Table of Contents
WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP AND WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

General. Western Midstream Partners, LP is a Delaware master limited partnership formed in September 2012. Western Midstream Operating, LP (together with its subsidiaries, “WES Operating”) is a Delaware limited partnership formed in 2007 to acquire, own, develop, and operate midstream assets. Western Midstream Partners, LP owns, directly and indirectly, a 98.0% limited partner interest in WES Operating, and directly owns all of the outstanding equity interests of Western Midstream Operating GP, LLC, which holds the entire non-economic general partner interest in WES Operating.
For purposes of these consolidated financial statements, the “Partnership” refers to Western Midstream Partners, LP in its individual capacity or to Western Midstream Partners, LP and its subsidiaries, including Western Midstream Operating GP, LLC and WES Operating, as the context requires. “WES Operating GP” refers to Western Midstream Operating GP, LLC, individually as the general partner of WES Operating. The Partnership’s general partner, Western Midstream Holdings, LLC (the “general partner”), is a wholly owned subsidiary of Occidental Petroleum Corporation. “Occidental” refers to Occidental Petroleum Corporation, as the context requires, and its subsidiaries, excluding the general partner. “Anadarko” refers to Anadarko Petroleum Corporation and its subsidiaries, excluding Western Midstream Holdings, LLC. Anadarko became a wholly owned subsidiary of Occidental as a result of Occidental’s acquisition by merger of Anadarko on August 8, 2019. “Related parties” refers to Occidental (see Note 5), the Partnership’s investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting (see Note 6), and the Partnership and WES Operating for transactions that eliminate upon consolidation (see Note 5).
The Partnership is engaged in the business of gathering, compressing, treating, processing, and transporting natural gas; gathering, stabilizing, and transporting condensate, natural-gas liquids (“NGLs”), and crude oil; and gathering and disposing of produced water. In its capacity as a natural-gas processor, the Partnership also buys and sells natural gas, NGLs, and condensate on behalf of itself and as an agent for its customers under certain contracts. As of March 31,June 30, 2023, the Partnership’s assets and investments consisted of the following:
Wholly
Owned and
Operated
Operated
Interests
Non-Operated
Interests
Equity
Interests
Gathering systems (1)
17 
Treating facilities37 — — 
Natural-gas processing plants/trains
25 — 
NGLs pipelines— — 
Natural-gas pipelines
— — 
Crude-oil pipelines
— 

(1)Includes the DBM water systems.

These assets and investments are located in Texas, New Mexico, the Rocky Mountains (Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming), and North-central Pennsylvania.

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WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP AND WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Basis of presentation. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Partnership and entities in which it holds a controlling financial interest, including WES Operating, WES Operating GP, proportionately consolidated interests, and equity investments (see table below). All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated.
The following table outlines the ownership interests and the accounting method of consolidation used in the consolidated financial statements for entities not wholly owned (see Note 6):
Percentage Interest
Full consolidation
Chipeta (1)
75.00 %
Proportionate consolidation (2)
Springfield system50.10 %
Marcellus Interest systems33.75 %
Equity investments (3)
Mi Vida JV LLC (“Mi Vida”)50.00 %
Front Range Pipeline LLC (“FRP”)33.33 %
Red Bluff Express Pipeline, LLC (“Red Bluff Express”)30.00 %
Enterprise EF78 LLC (“Mont Belvieu JV”)25.00 %
Rendezvous Gas Services, LLC (“Rendezvous”)22.00 %
Texas Express Pipeline LLC (“TEP”)20.00 %
Texas Express Gathering LLC (“TEG”)20.00 %
Whitethorn Pipeline Company LLC (“Whitethorn LLC”)20.00 %
Saddlehorn Pipeline Company, LLC (“Saddlehorn”)20.00 %
Panola Pipeline Company, LLC (“Panola”)15.00 %
White Cliffs Pipeline, LLC (“White Cliffs”)10.00 %

(1)The 25% third-party interest in Chipeta Processing LLC (“Chipeta”) is reflected within noncontrolling interests in the consolidated financial statements. See Noncontrolling interests below.
(2)The Partnership proportionately consolidates its associated share of the assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses attributable to these assets.
(3)Investments in non-controlled entities over which the Partnership exercises significant influence are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. “Equity-investment throughput” refers to the Partnership’s share of average throughput for these investments.

Certain information and note disclosures commonly included in annual financial statements have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the Partnership’s 2022 Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on February 22, 2023. Management believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading.
The consolidated financial results of WES Operating are included in the Partnership’s consolidated financial statements. Throughout these notes to consolidated financial statements, and to the extent material, any differences between the consolidated financial results of the Partnership and WES Operating are discussed separately. The Partnership’s consolidated financial statements differ from those of WES Operating primarily as a result of (i) the presentation of noncontrolling interest ownership (see Noncontrolling interests below), (ii) the elimination of WES Operating GP’s investment in WES Operating with WES Operating GP’s underlying capital account, (iii) the general and administrative expenses incurred by the Partnership, which are separate from, and in addition to, those incurred by WES Operating, (iv) the inclusion of the impact of Partnership equity balances and Partnership distributions, and (v) transactions between the Partnership and WES Operating that eliminate upon consolidation.
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WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP AND WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Presentation of the Partnership’s assets. The Partnership’s assets include assets owned and ownership interests accounted for by the Partnership under the equity method of accounting, through its 98.0% partnership interest in WES Operating, as of March 31,June 30, 2023 (see Note 6). The Partnership also owns and controls the entire non-economic general partner interest in WES Operating GP, and the Partnership’s general partner is owned by Occidental.

Use of estimates. In preparing financial statements in accordance with GAAP, management makes informed judgments and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. Management evaluates its estimates and related assumptions regularly, using historical experience and other reasonable methods. Changes in facts and circumstances or additional information may result in revised estimates, and actual results may differ from these estimates. Effects on the business, financial condition, and results of operations resulting from revisions to estimates are recognized when the facts that give rise to the revisions become known. The information included herein reflects all normal recurring adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements.

Noncontrolling interests. The Partnership’s noncontrolling interests in the consolidated financial statements consist of (i) the 25% third-party interest in Chipeta and (ii) the 2.0% limited partner interest in WES Operating owned by an Occidental subsidiary. WES Operating’s noncontrolling interest in the consolidated financial statements consists of the 25% third-party interest in Chipeta. See Note 4.

Segments. The Partnership’s operations continue to be organized into a single operating segment, the assets of which gather, compress, treat, process, and transport natural gas; gather, stabilize, and transport condensate, NGLs, and crude oil; and gather and dispose of produced water in the United States.

Equity-based compensation. During the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2023, the Partnership issued 829,931830,272 common units under its long-term incentive plans. Compensation expense was $7.2$7.7 million and $5.8$14.9 million for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2023, respectively, and $6.8 million and $12.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

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WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP AND WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
2. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

The following table summarizes revenue from contracts with customers:
Three Months Ended 
March 31,
Three Months Ended 
June 30,
Six Months Ended 
June 30,
thousandsthousands20232022thousands2023202220232022
Revenue from customersRevenue from customersRevenue from customers
Service revenues – fee basedService revenues – fee based$647,867 $631,598 Service revenues – fee based$661,506 $655,952 $1,309,373 $1,287,550 
Service revenues – product basedService revenues – product based46,810 40,867 Service revenues – product based46,956 70,498 93,766 111,365 
Product salesProduct sales39,025 85,589 Product sales29,659 149,736 68,684 235,325 
Total revenue from customersTotal revenue from customers733,702 758,054Total revenue from customers738,121 876,1861,471,823 1,634,240
Revenue from other than customersRevenue from other than customersRevenue from other than customers
OtherOther280 243 Other152 233 432 476 
Total revenues and otherTotal revenues and other$733,982 $758,297 Total revenues and other$738,273 $876,419 $1,472,255 $1,634,716 

Contract balances. Receivables from customers, which are included in Accounts receivable, net on the consolidated balance sheets were $555.3$551.9 million and $545.0 million as of March 31,June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Contract assets primarily relate to (i) revenue accrued but not yet billed under cost-of-service contracts with fixed and variable fees and (ii) accrued deficiency fees the Partnership expects to charge customers once the related performance periods are completed. The following table summarizes activity related to contract assets from contracts with customers:
thousands
Contract assets balance at December 31, 2022$22,561 
Amounts transferred to Accounts receivable, net that were included in the contract assets balance at the beginning of the period(1)
(1,307)(2,688)
Additional estimated revenues recognized(2)
5,2317,344 
Contract assets balance at March 31,June 30, 2023$26,48527,217 
Contract assets at March 31,June 30, 2023
Other current assets$7,9379,390 
Other assets18,54817,827 
Total contract assets from contracts with customers$26,48527,217 

(1)Includes $(1.4) million for the three months ended June 30, 2023.
(2)Includes $2.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

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WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP AND WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
2. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

Contract liabilities primarily relate to (i) fixed and variable fees under cost-of-service contracts that are received from customers for which revenue recognition is deferred, (ii) aid-in-construction payments received from customers that must be recognized over the expected period of customer benefit, and (iii) fees that are charged to customers for only a portion of the contract term and must be recognized as revenues over the expected period of customer benefit. The following table summarizes activity related to contract liabilities from contracts with customers:
thousands
Contract liabilities balance at December 31, 2022$369,285 
Cash received or receivable, excluding revenues recognized during the period(1)
23,73841,226 
Revenues recognized that were included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period(2)
(10,179)(13,818)
Contract liabilities balance at March 31,June 30, 2023$382,844396,693 
Contract liabilities at March 31,June 30, 2023
Accrued liabilities$14,30714,905 
Other liabilities368,537381,788 
Total contract liabilities from contracts with customers$382,844396,693 

(1)Includes $17.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023.
(2)Includes $(3.6) million for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations. Revenues expected to be recognized from certain performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of March 31,June 30, 2023, are presented in the following table. The Partnership applies the optional exemptions in Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and does not disclose consideration for remaining performance obligations with an original expected duration of one year or less or for variable consideration related to unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) performance obligations. Therefore, the following table represents only a portion of expected future revenues from existing contracts as most future revenues from customers are dependent on future variable customer volumes and, in some cases, variable commodity prices for those volumes.
thousandsthousandsthousands
Remainder of 2023Remainder of 2023$826,454 Remainder of 2023$550,406 
202420241,138,601 20241,144,937 
202520251,078,564 20251,097,142 
20262026923,013 2026992,822 
20272027832,803 2027903,367 
ThereafterThereafter1,915,544 Thereafter2,513,102 
TotalTotal$6,714,979 Total$7,201,776 

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WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP AND WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
3. PARTNERSHIP DISTRIBUTIONS

Partnership distributions. Under its partnership agreement, the Partnership distributes all of its available cash (beyond proper reserves as defined in its partnership agreement) to unitholders of record on the applicable record date within 55 days following each quarter’s end. The amount of available cash (beyond proper reserves as defined in the partnership agreement) generally is all cash on hand at the end of the quarter, plus, at the discretion of the general partner, working capital borrowings made subsequent to the end of such quarter, less the amount of cash reserves established by the general partner to provide for the proper conduct of the Partnership’s business, including (i) to fund future capital expenditures; (ii) to comply with applicable laws, debt instruments, or other agreements; or (iii) to provide funds for unitholder distributions for any one or more of the next four quarters. Working capital borrowings generally include borrowings made under a credit facility or similar financing arrangement and are intended to be repaid or refinanced within 12 months. In all cases, working capital borrowings are used solely for working capital purposes or to fund unitholder distributions.
The Board of Directors of the general partner (the “Board”) declared the following cash distributions to the Partnership’s unitholders for the periods presented:
thousands except per-unit amounts
Quarters Ended
thousands except per-unit amounts
Quarters Ended
Total Quarterly
Per-unit
Distribution
Total Quarterly
Cash Distribution
Distribution
Date
Record
Date
thousands except per-unit amounts
Quarters Ended
Total Quarterly
Per-unit
Distribution
Total Quarterly
Cash Distribution
Distribution
Date
Record
Date
202220222022
March 31March 31$0.500 $206,197 May 13, 2022May 2, 2022March 31$0.500 $206,197 May 13, 2022May 2, 2022
June 30June 300.500 197,744 August 12, 2022August 1, 2022June 300.500 197,744 August 12, 2022August 1, 2022
September 30September 300.500 197,065 November 14, 2022October 31, 2022September 300.500 197,065 November 14, 2022October 31, 2022
December 31December 310.500 196,569 February 13, 2023February 1, 2023December 310.500 196,569 February 13, 2023February 1, 2023
202320232023
March 31 (1)
March 31 (1)
$0.856 $336,987 May 15, 2023May 1, 2023
March 31 (1)
$0.856 $336,987 May 15, 2023May 1, 2023
June 30June 300.5625 221,442 August 14, 2023July 31, 2023

(1)Includes the regular quarterly distribution of $0.500 per unit, or $196.8 million, as well as the Enhanced Distribution of $0.356 per unit discussed below.

To facilitate the distribution of available cash, during 2022 the Partnership adopted a financial policy that provided for an additional distribution (“Enhanced Distribution”) to be paid in conjunction with the regular first-quarter distribution of the following year (beginning in 2023), in a target amount equal to Free cash flow generated in the prior year after subtracting Free cash flow used for the prior year’s debt repayments, regular-quarter distributions, and unit repurchases. This Enhanced Distribution is subject to Board discretion, the establishment of cash reserves for the proper conduct of the Partnership’s business and is also contingent on the attainment of prior year-end net leverage thresholds (the ratio of total principal debt outstanding less total cash on hand as of the end of such period, as compared to trailing-twelve-months Adjusted EBITDA), after taking the Enhanced Distribution for such prior year into effect. Free cash flow and Adjusted EBITDA are defined under the caption Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures within Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q. In April 2023, the Board approved an Enhanced Distribution of $0.356 per unit, or $140.1 million, related to the Partnership’s 2022 performance.performance, which was paid in conjunction with the regular first-quarter 2023 distribution on May 15, 2023.

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WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP AND WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
3. PARTNERSHIP DISTRIBUTIONS

WES Operating partnership distributions. WES Operating makes quarterly cash distributions to the Partnership and WGR Asset Holding Company LLC (“WGRAH”), a subsidiary of Occidental, in proportion to their share of limited partner interests in WES Operating. See Note 4. WES Operating made and/or declared the following cash distributions to its limited partners for the periods presented:
thousands
Quarters Ended
Total Quarterly
Cash Distribution
Distribution
Date
2022
March 31$213,513 May 2022
June 30213,513 August 2022
September 30213,513 November 2022
December 31213,513 February 2023
2023
March 31 (1)
$342,895 May 2023
June 30226,260August 2023

(1)Includes amounts related to the Enhanced Distribution discussed above.

In addition to the distributions above, during the three months ended June 30, 2022, WES Operating made distributions of $86.7 million to the Partnership and WGRAH. The Partnership used its portion of the distribution to repurchase common units. See Note 4.

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WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP AND WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
4. EQUITY AND PARTNERS’ CAPITAL

Holdings of Partnership equity. The Partnership’s common units are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “WES.” As of March 31,June 30, 2023, Occidental held 190,281,578 common units, representing a 48.3% limited partner interest in the Partnership, and through its ownership of the general partner, Occidental indirectly held 9,060,641 general partner units, representing a 2.3% general partner interest in the Partnership. The public held 194,333,649194,332,356 common units, representing a 49.4% limited partner interest in the Partnership.

Partnership equity repurchases. In 2022, the Board authorized the Partnership to buy back up to $1.25 billion of the Partnership’s common units through December 31, 2024 (the “$1.25 billion Purchase Program”). The common units may be purchased from time to time in the open market at prevailing market prices or in privately negotiated transactions. During the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2023, the Partnership repurchased 285,688287,322 common units for an aggregate purchase price of $7.1 million. During the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2022, the Partnership repurchased 225,3553,314,562 common units on the open market for an aggregate purchase price of $5.1$79.2 million. The units were canceled immediately upon receipt. As of March 31,June 30, 2023, the Partnership had an authorized amount of $755.3 million remaining under the program.

Holdings of WES Operating equity. As of March 31,June 30, 2023, (i) the Partnership, directly and indirectly through its ownership of WES Operating GP, owned a 98.0% limited partner interest and the entire non-economic general partner interest in WES Operating and (ii) Occidental, through its ownership of WGRAH, owned a 2.0% limited partner interest in WES Operating, which is reflected as a noncontrolling interest within the consolidated financial statements of the Partnership (see Note 1).

Partnership’s net income (loss) per common unit. The common and general partner unitholders’ allocation of net income (loss) attributable to the Partnership was equal to their cash distributions plus their respective allocations of undistributed earnings or losses in accordance with their weighted-average ownership percentage during each period using the two-class method.
The Partnership’s basic net income (loss) per common unit is calculated by dividing the limited partners’ interest in net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common units outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per common unit includes the effect of outstanding units issued under the Partnership’s long-term incentive plans.
The following table provides a reconciliation between basic and diluted net income (loss) per common unit:
Three Months Ended 
March 31,
Three Months Ended 
June 30,
Six Months Ended 
June 30,
thousands except per-unit amountsthousands except per-unit amounts20232022thousands except per-unit amounts2023202220232022
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)Net income (loss)
Limited partners’ interest in net income (loss)Limited partners’ interest in net income (loss)$198,959 $301,934 Limited partners’ interest in net income (loss)$247,100 $299,550 $446,059 $601,484 
Weighted-average common units outstandingWeighted-average common units outstandingWeighted-average common units outstanding
BasicBasic384,468 403,254 Basic384,614 403,027 384,542 403,140 
Dilutive effect of non-vested phantom unitsDilutive effect of non-vested phantom units1,282 1,206 Dilutive effect of non-vested phantom units896 1,135 1,123 1,140 
DilutedDiluted385,750 404,460 Diluted385,510 404,162 385,665 404,280 
Excluded due to anti-dilutive effectExcluded due to anti-dilutive effect663 469 Excluded due to anti-dilutive effect1,159 618 873 731 
Net income (loss) per common unitNet income (loss) per common unitNet income (loss) per common unit
BasicBasic$0.52 $0.75 Basic$0.64 $0.74 $1.16 $1.49 
DilutedDiluted$0.52 $0.75 Diluted$0.64 $0.74 $1.16 $1.49 

WES Operating’s net income (loss) per common unit. Net income (loss) per common unit for WES Operating is not calculated because it has no publicly traded units.

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WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP AND WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
5. RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Summary of related-party transactions. The following tables summarize material related-party transactions included in the Partnership’s consolidated financial statements:
Consolidated statements of operationsConsolidated statements of operationsConsolidated statements of operations
Three Months Ended 
March 31,
Three Months Ended 
June 30,
Six Months Ended 
June 30,
thousandsthousands20232022thousands2023202220232022
Revenues and otherRevenues and otherRevenues and other
Service revenues – fee basedService revenues – fee based$423,501 $414,899 Service revenues – fee based$423,330 $428,631 $846,831 $843,530 
Service revenues – product basedService revenues – product based8,116 2,243 Service revenues – product based6,642 21,808 14,758 24,051 
Product salesProduct sales17,168 11,567 Product sales11,611 6,342 28,779 17,909 
Total revenues and otherTotal revenues and other448,785 428,709 Total revenues and other441,583 456,781 890,368 885,490 
Equity income, net – related parties (1)
Equity income, net – related parties (1)
39,021 49,607 
Equity income, net – related parties (1)
42,324 48,464 81,345 98,071 
Operating expensesOperating expensesOperating expenses
Cost of product (2)
Cost of product (2)
(3,947)(19,543)
Cost of product (2)
(15,184)(12,148)(19,131)(31,691)
Operation and maintenanceOperation and maintenance747 (59)Operation and maintenance903 702 1,650 643 
General and administrative (3)
General and administrative (3)
67 1,975 
General and administrative (3)
217 233 284 2,208 
Total operating expensesTotal operating expenses(3,133)(17,627)Total operating expenses(14,064)(11,213)(17,197)(28,840)

(1)See Note 6.
(2)Includes related-party natural-gas and NGLs imbalances.
(3)IncludesBalances for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, include equity-based compensation expense allocated to the Partnership by Occidental, which is not reimbursed to Occidental and is reflected as a contribution to partners’ capital in the consolidated statements of equity and partners’ capital.

Consolidated balance sheetsConsolidated balance sheetsConsolidated balance sheets
thousandsthousandsMarch 31,
2023
December 31,
2022
thousandsJune 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
AssetsAssetsAssets
Accounts receivable, netAccounts receivable, net$307,570 $313,937 Accounts receivable, net$346,688 $313,937 
Other current assetsOther current assets4,175 1,578 Other current assets3,755 1,578 
Equity investments (1)
Equity investments (1)
931,852 944,696 
Equity investments (1)
920,123 944,696 
Other assetsOther assets36,158 29,058 Other assets38,623 29,058 
Total assetsTotal assets1,279,755 1,289,269 Total assets1,309,189 1,289,269 
LiabilitiesLiabilitiesLiabilities
Accounts and imbalance payablesAccounts and imbalance payables19,490 32,150 Accounts and imbalance payables33,632 32,150 
Accrued liabilitiesAccrued liabilities6,109 11,756 Accrued liabilities2,350 11,756 
Other liabilities (2)
Other liabilities (2)
293,077 268,399 
Other liabilities (2)
310,131 268,399 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities318,676 312,305 Total liabilities346,113 312,305 

(1)See Note 6.
(2)Includes contract liabilities from contracts with customers. See Note 2.

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WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP AND WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
5. RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Consolidated statements of cash flowsConsolidated statements of cash flowsConsolidated statements of cash flows
Three Months Ended 
March 31,
Six Months Ended 
June 30,
thousandsthousands20232022thousands20232022
Distributions from equity-investment earnings – related parties
Distributions from equity-investment earnings – related parties
$39,609 $45,870 
Distributions from equity-investment earnings – related parties
$82,871 $96,404 
Contributions to equity investments – related partiesContributions to equity investments – related parties(110)(2,070)Contributions to equity investments – related parties(132)(5,040)
Distributions from equity investments in excess of cumulative earnings – related partiesDistributions from equity investments in excess of cumulative earnings – related parties12,366 9,925 Distributions from equity investments in excess of cumulative earnings – related parties23,179 25,407 
Distributions to Partnership unitholders (1)
Distributions to Partnership unitholders (1)
(99,671)(68,455)
Distributions to Partnership unitholders (1)
(270,308)(173,126)
Distributions to WES Operating unitholders (2)
Distributions to WES Operating unitholders (2)
(4,271)(2,805)
Distributions to WES Operating unitholders (2)
(11,131)(8,812)
Net contributions from (distributions to) related partiesNet contributions from (distributions to) related parties 409 Net contributions from (distributions to) related parties 784 

(1)Represents common and general partner unit distributions paid to Occidental pursuant to the partnership agreement of the Partnership (see Note 3 and Note 4).
(2)Represents distributions paid to Occidental, through its ownership of WGRAH, pursuant to WES Operating’s partnership agreement (see Note 3 and Note 4).

The following tables summarize material related-party transactions for WES Operating (which are included in the Partnership’s consolidated financial statements) to the extent the amounts differ materially from the Partnership’s consolidated financial statements:
Consolidated statements of operationsConsolidated statements of operationsConsolidated statements of operations
Three Months Ended 
March 31,
Three Months Ended 
June 30,
Six Months Ended 
June 30,
thousandsthousands20232022thousands2023202220232022
General and administrative (1)
General and administrative (1)
$1,281 $2,948 
General and administrative (1)
$853 $919 $2,134 $3,867 

(1)Includes (i) an intercompany service fee between the Partnership and WES Operating and (ii) equity-based compensation expense allocated to WES Operating by Occidental, which is not reimbursed to Occidental and is reflected as a contribution to partners’ capital in the consolidated statements of equity and partners’ capital.

Consolidated balance sheetsConsolidated balance sheetsConsolidated balance sheets
thousandsthousandsMarch 31,
2023
December 31,
2022
thousandsJune 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Accounts receivable, net$308,581 $313,937 
Other current assetsOther current assets3,720 1,487 Other current assets$3,540 $1,487 
Other assetsOther assets34,442 28,459 Other assets36,868 28,459 
Accounts and imbalance payables (1)
Accounts and imbalance payables (1)
19,490 76,131 
Accounts and imbalance payables (1)
41,623 76,131 
Accrued liabilitiesAccrued liabilities5,792 11,439 Accrued liabilities2,033 11,439 

(1)Includes balances related to transactions between the Partnership and WES Operating.

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WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP AND WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
5. RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Consolidated statements of cash flowsConsolidated statements of cash flowsConsolidated statements of cash flows
Three Months Ended 
March 31,
Six Months Ended 
June 30,
thousandsthousands20232022thousands20232022
Distributions to WES Operating unitholders (1)
Distributions to WES Operating unitholders (1)
$(213,513)$(140,217)
Distributions to WES Operating unitholders (1)
$(556,408)$(440,465)

(1)Represents distributions paid to the Partnership and Occidental, through its ownership of WGRAH, pursuant to WES Operating’s partnership agreement. Includes distributions made from WES Operating to the Partnership that were used by the Partnership to repurchase common units. See Note 3 and Note 4.    

Related-party revenues. Related-party revenues include amounts earned by the Partnership from services provided to Occidental and from the sale of natural gas, condensate, and NGLs to Occidental.

Gathering and processing agreements. The Partnership has significant gathering, processing, and produced-water disposal arrangements with affiliates of Occidental on most of its systems (see also Part II, Item 5 of this Form 10-Q).systems. While Occidental is the contracting counterparty of the Partnership, these arrangements with Occidental include not just Occidental-produced volumes, but also, in some instances, the volumes of other working-interest owners of Occidental who rely on the Partnership’s facilities and infrastructure to bring their volumes to market. Natural-gas throughput (excluding equity-investment throughput) attributable to production owned or controlled by Occidental was 34% and 35% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and 35% and 36% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 andJune 30, 2022, respectively. Crude-oil and NGLs throughput (excluding equity-investment throughput) attributable to production owned or controlled by Occidental was 87% and 88% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and 88% and 89% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 andJune 30, 2022, respectively. Produced-water throughput attributable to production owned or controlled by Occidental was 80%76% and 84%78% for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2023, respectively, and 81% and 82% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.
The Partnership is currently discussing varying interpretations of certain contractual provisions with Occidental regarding the calculation of the cost-of-service rates under an oil-gathering contract related to the Partnership’s DJ Basin oil-gathering system. If such discussions are resolved in a manner adverse to the Partnership, such resolution could have a negative impact on the Partnership’s financial condition and results of operations, including a reduction in rates and a non-cash charge to earnings.
In connection with the sale of its Eagle Ford assets in 2017, Anadarko remained the primary counterparty to the Partnership’s Brasada gas processing agreement and entered into an agency relationship with Sanchez Energy Corporation (“Sanchez”), now Mesquite Energy, Inc. (“Mesquite”), that allowsallowed Mesquite to process gas under such agreement. In December 2021, the Brasada gas processing agreement was assigned from Anadarko to Mesquite effective July 1, 2023. For this reason, Anadarko continues to beis not liable for any obligations under the Brasada gas processing agreement untilafter June 30, 2023, to the extent Mesquite does not perform.2023. For all periods presented, Mesquite has performed Anadarko’s obligations under the Brasada gas processing agreement pursuant to its agency arrangement with Anadarko.
Further, in connection with the sale of its Uinta Basin assets in 2020, Kerr McGee Oil & Gas Onshore LP, a subsidiary of Occidental, retained the deficiency payment obligations under a gas processing agreement at the Chipeta plant. This contingent payment obligation ended as of September 30, 2022.

Marketing Transition Services Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2020, Occidental provided marketing-related services to certain of the Partnership’s subsidiaries (the “Marketing Transition Services Agreement”). While the Partnership still has some marketing agreements with affiliates of Occidental, on January 1, 2021, the Partnership began marketing and selling substantially all of its crude oil and residue gas, and a majority of its NGLs, directly to third parties.


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WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP AND WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
5. RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Operating leases. The Partnership has entered into operating leases with Occidental for corporate offices, shared field offices, and easements supporting the Partnership’s operations. Also, as a result of the surface-use and salt-water disposal agreements being amended under the CUA (see Related-party commercial agreement below), these agreements are classified as operating leases and a $30.0 million right-of-use (“ROU”) asset, included in Other assets on the consolidated balance sheets, was recognized during the first quarter of 2021. The ROU asset is being amortized to Operation and maintenance expense through 2038, the remaining term of the agreements.

Related-party expenses. Operation and maintenance expense includes amounts accrued for or paid to related parties for field-related costs, provided by related partiesshared field offices, and easements (see Related-party commercial agreement below) supporting the Partnership’s operations at certain of the Partnership’s assets. A portion of general and administrative expense is paid by Occidental, which results in related-party transactions pursuant to the reimbursement provisions of the Partnership’s and WES Operating’s agreements with Occidental. Cost of product expense includes amounts related to certain continuing marketing arrangements with affiliates of Occidental, related-party imbalances, and transactions with affiliates accounted for under the equity method of accounting. See Marketing Transition Services Agreement in the section above. Related-party expenses bear no direct relationship to related-party revenues, and third-party expenses bear no direct relationship to third-party revenues.

Services Agreement. GeneralOccidental performed certain centralized corporate functions for the Partnership and administrative expense includes costs incurredWES Operating pursuant to the agreement dated as of December 31, 2019, by and among Occidental, Anadarko, and WES Operating GP under which Occidental has performed certain centralized corporate functions for the Partnership and WES Operating (“Services Agreement”). Most of the administrative and operational services previously provided by Occidental fully transitioned to the Partnership by December 31, 2021, with certain limited transition services remaining in place pursuant to the terms of the Services Agreement.

Construction reimbursement agreements and purchases and sales with related parties. From time to time, the Partnership enters into construction reimbursement agreements with Occidental providing that the Partnership will manage the construction of certain midstream infrastructure for Occidental in the Partnership’s areas of operation. Such arrangements generally provide for a reimbursement of costs incurred by the Partnership on a cost or cost-plus basis.
Additionally, from time to time, in support of the Partnership’s business, the Partnership purchases and sells equipment, inventory, and other miscellaneous assets from or to Occidental or its affiliates.

Related-party commercial agreement. During the first quarter of 2021, an affiliate of Occidental and certain wholly owned subsidiaries of the Partnership entered into a Commercial Understanding Agreement (“CUA”). Under the CUA, certain West Texas surface-use and salt-water disposal agreements were amended to reduce usage fees owed by the Partnership in exchange for the forgiveness of certain deficiency fees owed by Occidental and other unrelated contractual amendments. The present value of the reduced usage fees under the CUA was $30.0 million at the time the agreement was executed. Also, as a result of the amendments under the CUA, these agreements are classified as operating leases and a $30.0 million right-of-use (“ROU”) asset, included in Other assets on the consolidated balance sheets, was recognized during the first quarter of 2021. The ROU asset is being amortized to Operation and maintenance expense through 2038, the remaining term of the agreements.

Customer concentration. Occidental was the only customer from which revenues exceeded 10% of consolidated revenues for all periods presented in the consolidated statements of operations.
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WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP AND WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
6. EQUITY INVESTMENTS

The following table presents the financial statement impact of the Partnership’s equity investments for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2023:

thousandsthousandsBalance at December 31, 2022Equity
income, net
ContributionsDistributions
Distributions
in excess of
cumulative
earnings (1)
Balance at March 31, 2023thousandsBalance at December 31, 2022Equity
income, net
ContributionsDistributions
Distributions
in excess of
cumulative
earnings (1)
Balance at June 30, 2023
White CliffsWhite Cliffs$16,095 $538 $ $(164)$(858)$15,611 White Cliffs$16,095 $985 $ $(611)$(1,631)$14,838 
RendezvousRendezvous16,114 (715) (100)(476)14,823 Rendezvous16,114 (1,286) (344)(1,062)13,422 
Mont Belvieu JVMont Belvieu JV91,310 6,884  (6,893)(382)90,919 Mont Belvieu JV91,310 14,103  (14,122)(903)90,388 
TEGTEG15,856 1,655  (1,661)(74)15,776 TEG15,856 3,462  (3,375)(75)15,868 
TEPTEP184,687 10,079  (10,141)(3,069)181,556 TEP184,687 19,939  (20,065)(6,755)177,806 
FRPFRP192,716 9,963  (10,007)(3,353)189,319 FRP192,716 22,090  (22,177)(4,163)188,466 
Whitethorn LLCWhitethorn LLC146,595 (184)110 509  147,030 Whitethorn LLC146,595 (1,614)132 1,753 (1,083)145,783 
SaddlehornSaddlehorn104,191 5,238  (5,123)(394)103,912 Saddlehorn104,191 11,286  (11,057)(1,875)102,545 
PanolaPanola19,311 567  (698)(59)19,121 Panola19,311 1,186  (1,318)(169)19,010 
Mi VidaMi Vida48,862 1,477  (1,812)(2,956)45,571 Mi Vida48,862 3,973  (4,334)(4,358)44,143 
Red Bluff ExpressRed Bluff Express108,959 3,519  (3,519)(745)108,214 Red Bluff Express108,959 7,221  (7,221)(1,105)107,854 
TotalTotal$944,696 $39,021 $110 $(39,609)$(12,366)$931,852 Total$944,696 $81,345 $132 $(82,871)$(23,179)$920,123 

(1)Distributions in excess of cumulative earnings, classified as investing cash flows in the consolidated statements of cash flows, are calculated on an individual-investment basis.

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WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP AND WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
7. PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT

A summary of the historical cost of property, plant, and equipment is as follows:
thousandsthousandsEstimated Useful LifeMarch 31,
2023
December 31,
2022
thousandsEstimated Useful LifeJune 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
LandLandN/A$10,982 $10,982 LandN/A$10,982 $10,982 
Gathering systems – pipelinesGathering systems – pipelines30 years5,555,746 5,519,592 Gathering systems – pipelines30 years5,558,416 5,519,592 
Gathering systems – compressorsGathering systems – compressors15 years2,331,782 2,266,410 Gathering systems – compressors15 years2,361,002 2,266,410 
Processing complexes and treating facilitiesProcessing complexes and treating facilities25 years3,437,494 3,419,201 Processing complexes and treating facilities25 years3,452,005 3,419,201 
Transportation pipeline and equipmentTransportation pipeline and equipment4 to 48 years175,394 174,241 Transportation pipeline and equipment3 to 48 years192,126 174,241 
Produced-water disposal systems
Produced-water disposal systems
20 years976,958 932,627 
Produced-water disposal systems
20 years1,031,623 932,627 
Assets under constructionAssets under constructionN/A270,503 263,353 Assets under constructionN/A318,171 263,353 
OtherOther3 to 40 years791,201 779,187 Other3 to 40 years816,586 779,187 
Total property, plant, and equipmentTotal property, plant, and equipment13,550,060 13,365,593 Total property, plant, and equipment13,740,911 13,365,593 
Less accumulated depreciationLess accumulated depreciation5,008,838 4,823,993 Less accumulated depreciation5,139,941 4,823,993 
Net property, plant, and equipmentNet property, plant, and equipment$8,541,222 $8,541,600 Net property, plant, and equipment$8,600,970 $8,541,600 

“Assets under construction” represents property that is not yet placed into productive service as of the respective balance sheet date and is excluded from capitalized costs being depreciated.

Long-lived asset impairments. During the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2023, the Partnership recognized a long-lived asset impairment of $52.1 million for assets located in the Rockies due to a reduction in estimated future cash flows resulting from a contract termination notice received in the first quarter of 2023. This asset was impaired to its estimated fair value of $22.8 million. The fair value was measured using the income approach and Level-3 fair value inputs. The income approach was based on the Partnership’s projected future earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”) and free cash flows, which requires significant assumptions including, among others, future throughput volumes based on current expectations of producer activity and operating costs.

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WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP AND WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
8. SELECTED COMPONENTS OF WORKING CAPITAL

A summary of accounts receivable, net is as follows:
The PartnershipWES OperatingThe PartnershipWES Operating
thousandsthousandsMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2023December 31, 2022thousandsJune 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Trade receivables, netTrade receivables, net$558,300 $548,859 $559,311 $548,859 Trade receivables, net$553,461 $548,859 $553,461 $548,859 
Other receivables, netOther receivables, net 5,404  5,404 Other receivables, net761 5,404 741 5,404 
Total accounts receivable, netTotal accounts receivable, net$558,300 $554,263 $559,311 $554,263 Total accounts receivable, net$554,222 $554,263 $554,202 $554,263 

A summary of other current assets is as follows:
The PartnershipWES OperatingThe PartnershipWES Operating
thousandsthousandsMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2023December 31, 2022thousandsJune 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
NGLs inventoryNGLs inventory$2,792 $3,797 $2,792 $3,797 NGLs inventory$1,904 $3,797 $1,904 $3,797 
Imbalance receivablesImbalance receivables34,146 32,658 34,146 32,658 Imbalance receivables2,158 32,658 2,158 32,658 
Prepaid insurancePrepaid insurance10,975 13,262 9,355 11,139 Prepaid insurance1,289 13,262 172 11,139 
Contract assetsContract assets7,937 3,381 7,937 3,381 Contract assets9,390 3,381 9,390 3,381 
OtherOther8,503 6,408 8,047 6,316 Other14,287 6,408 14,072 6,316 
Total other current assetsTotal other current assets$64,353 $59,506 $62,277 $57,291 Total other current assets$29,028 $59,506 $27,696 $57,291 

A summary of accrued liabilities is as follows:
The PartnershipWES Operating
thousandsMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Accrued interest expense$58,541 $110,486 $58,541 $110,486 
Short-term asset retirement obligations
6,159 10,493 6,159 10,493 
Short-term remediation and reclamation obligations
6,648 5,383 6,648 5,383 
Income taxes payable2,920 2,428 2,920 2,428 
Contract liabilities14,307 20,903 14,307 20,903 
Accrued payroll and benefits24,914 44,855  — 
Other50,009 60,092 49,798 47,596 
Total accrued liabilities$163,498 $254,640 $138,373 $197,289 


The PartnershipWES Operating
thousandsJune 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Accrued interest expense$117,188 $110,486 $117,188 $110,486 
Short-term asset retirement obligations
4,716 10,493 4,716 10,493 
Short-term remediation and reclamation obligations
8,226 5,383 8,226 5,383 
Income taxes payable3,647 2,428 3,647 2,428 
Contract liabilities14,905 20,903 14,905 20,903 
Accrued payroll and benefits35,889 44,855  — 
Other39,316 60,092 39,146 47,596 
Total accrued liabilities$223,887 $254,640 $187,828 $197,289 
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WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP AND WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
9. DEBT AND INTEREST EXPENSE

WES Operating is the borrower for all outstanding debt and is expected to be the borrower for all future debt issuances. The following table presents the outstanding debt:
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022 June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
thousandsthousandsPrincipalCarrying
Value
Fair
Value (1)
PrincipalCarrying
Value
Fair
Value (1)
thousandsPrincipalCarrying
Value
Fair
Value (1)
PrincipalCarrying
Value
Fair
Value (1)
Short-term debt
Short-term debt
Short-term debt
Floating-Rate Senior Notes due 2023
Floating-Rate Senior Notes due 2023
$ $ $ $213,138 $213,121 $214,823 
Floating-Rate Senior Notes due 2023
$ $ $ $213,138 $213,121 $214,823 
Finance lease liabilitiesFinance lease liabilities2,714 2,714 2,714 2,659 2,659 2,659 Finance lease liabilities2,532 2,532 2,532 2,659 2,659 2,659 
Total short-term debt
Total short-term debt
$2,714 $2,714 $2,714 $215,797 $215,780 $217,482 
Total short-term debt
$2,532 $2,532 $2,532 $215,797 $215,780 $217,482 
Long-term debt
Long-term debt
Long-term debt
3.100% Senior Notes due 20253.100% Senior Notes due 2025$730,706 $728,273 $703,032 $730,706 $727,953 $692,491 3.100% Senior Notes due 2025$677,859 $675,888 $648,908 $730,706 $727,953 $692,491 
3.950% Senior Notes due 20253.950% Senior Notes due 2025399,163 397,056 383,140 399,163 396,825 379,107 3.950% Senior Notes due 2025399,163 397,288 383,780 399,163 396,825 379,107 
4.650% Senior Notes due 20264.650% Senior Notes due 2026474,242 472,299 459,488 474,242 472,161 452,201 4.650% Senior Notes due 2026468,970 467,186 451,768 474,242 472,161 452,201 
4.500% Senior Notes due 20284.500% Senior Notes due 2028400,000 396,840 378,827 400,000 396,698 368,346 4.500% Senior Notes due 2028397,182 394,188 375,297 400,000 396,698 368,346 
4.750% Senior Notes due 20284.750% Senior Notes due 2028400,000 397,443 381,273 400,000 397,340 368,141 4.750% Senior Notes due 2028382,888 380,541 364,054 400,000 397,340 368,141 
4.050% Senior Notes due 20304.050% Senior Notes due 20301,200,000 1,191,606 1,101,320 1,200,000 1,191,345 1,053,038 4.050% Senior Notes due 20301,160,471 1,152,608 1,045,828 1,200,000 1,191,345 1,053,038 
6.150% Senior Notes due 20336.150% Senior Notes due 2033750,000 741,039 755,873 — — — 
5.450% Senior Notes due 20445.450% Senior Notes due 2044600,000 593,915 524,661 600,000 593,878 503,742 5.450% Senior Notes due 2044600,000 593,954 511,260 600,000 593,878 503,742 
5.300% Senior Notes due 20485.300% Senior Notes due 2048700,000 687,553 598,444 700,000 687,494 580,570 5.300% Senior Notes due 2048700,000 687,613 587,440 700,000 687,494 580,570 
5.500% Senior Notes due 20485.500% Senior Notes due 2048350,000 342,815 302,297 350,000 342,783 291,194 5.500% Senior Notes due 2048350,000 342,847 294,126 350,000 342,783 291,194 
5.250% Senior Notes due 20505.250% Senior Notes due 20501,000,000 984,006 859,814 1,000,000 983,945 829,804 5.250% Senior Notes due 20501,000,000 984,069 833,880 1,000,000 983,945 829,804 
RCFRCF495,000 495,000 495,000 375,000 375,000 375,000 RCF   375,000 375,000 375,000 
Finance lease liabilitiesFinance lease liabilities7,135 7,135 7,135 4,160 4,160 4,160 Finance lease liabilities6,993 6,993 6,993 4,160 4,160 4,160 
Total long-term debt
Total long-term debt
$6,756,246 $6,693,941 $6,194,431 $6,633,271 $6,569,582 $5,897,794 
Total long-term debt
$6,893,526 $6,824,214 $6,259,207 $6,633,271 $6,569,582 $5,897,794 

(1)Fair value is measured using the market approach and Level-2 fair value inputs.

Debt activity. The following table presents the debt activity for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2023:
thousandsCarrying Value
Balance at December 31, 2022$6,785,362 
RCF borrowings220,000 
Repayments of RCF borrowings(100,000)(595,000)
Issuance of 6.150% Senior Notes due 2033750,000
Repayment of Floating-Rate Senior Notes due 2023(213,138)
Repayment of 3.100% Senior Notes due 2025(52,847)
Repayment of 4.650% Senior Notes due 2026(5,272)
Repayment of 4.500% Senior Notes due 2028(2,818)
Repayment of 4.750% Senior Notes due 2028(17,112)
Repayment of 4.050% Senior Notes due 2030(39,529)
Finance lease liabilities3,0302,706 
Other1,401(5,606)
Balance at March 31,June 30, 2023$6,696,6556,826,746 

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WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP AND WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
9. DEBT AND INTEREST EXPENSE

WES Operating Senior Notes. In mid-January 2020, WES Operating issued the Fixed-Rate 3.100% Senior Notes due 2025, 4.050% Senior Notes due 2030, 5.250% Senior Notes due 2050, and the Floating-Rate Senior Notes due 2023.2023 in January 2020. Including the effects of the issuance prices, underwriting discounts, and interest-rate adjustments, the effective interest rates of the Senior Notes due 2025, 2030, and 2050, were 3.791%, 4.671%, and 5.869%, respectively, at June 30, 2023, and were 3.790%, 4.671%, and 5.869%, respectively, at March 31, 2023 andJune 30, 2022. The effective interest rate of these notes is subject to adjustment from time to time due to a change in credit rating.
During the firstsecond quarter of 2023, WES Operating redeemed the total principal amount outstanding on the Floating-Rate Senior Notes due 2023 at par value with cash on hand. In April 2023, WES Operating completed the public offering of $750.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.150% Senior Notes due 2033. Interest will beis payable semi-annually on April 1st and October 1st of each year, with the initial interest payment being due on October 1, 2023. Net proceeds from the offering were used to repay borrowings under the RCF and for general partnership purposes.
Also during the second quarter of 2023, WES Operating purchased and retired $117.6 million of certain of its senior notes via open-market repurchases (see Debt activity above). For the three months ended June 30, 2023, a gain of $6.8 million was recognized for the early retirement of portions of these notes. Subsequent to June 30, 2023, WES Operating purchased and retired $159.1 million of certain of its senior notes via open-market repurchases. During the first quarter of 2023, WES Operating redeemed the total principal amount outstanding on the Floating-Rate Senior Notes due 2023 at par value with cash on hand.
During the second quarter of 2022, WES Operating (i) redeemed the total principal amount outstanding of the 4.000% Senior Notes due 2022 at par value and (ii) purchased and retired $1.4 million of the 3.100% Senior Notes due 2025 via open-market repurchases.
As of March 31,June 30, 2023, WES Operating was in compliance with all covenants under the relevant governing indentures.

Revolving credit facility. WES Operating’s $2.0 billion senior unsecured revolving credit facility (“RCF”), which is expandable to a maximum of $2.5 billion, matures in February 2026 for each extending lender. The non-extending lender’s commitments mature in February 2025 and represent $400.0 million out of $2.0 billion of total commitments from all lenders.
As of March 31, 2023, there were $495.0 million of outstanding borrowings and $5.1 million of outstanding letters of credit, resulting in $1.5 billion of available borrowing capacity under the RCF. As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the interest rate on any outstanding RCF borrowings was 6.21% and 1.95%, respectively. The facility-fee rate was 0.20% and 0.25% at March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, the outstanding borrowings under the RCF were classified as long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheet and WES Operating was in compliance with all covenants under the RCF.
In April 2023, WES Operating (i) repaid all outstandingthen-outstanding borrowings under the RCFits senior unsecured revolving credit facility (“RCF”) with proceeds from the senior note6.150% Senior Notes due 2033 offering, and (ii) entered into an amendment to its RCF to, among other things, extend the maturity date to April 2028 and provide for a maximum borrowing capacity up to $2.0 billion, expandable to maximum of $2.5 billion, through the maturity date.
As of June 30, 2023, there were no outstanding borrowings and $5.1 million of outstanding letters of credit, resulting in $2.0 billion of available borrowing capacity under the RCF. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the interest rate on any outstanding RCF borrowings was 6.44% and 3.12%, respectively. The facility-fee rate was 0.20% and 0.25% at June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, WES Operating was in compliance with all covenants under the RCF.

Interest expense. The following table summarizes the amounts included in interest expense:
Three Months Ended 
March 31,
Three Months Ended 
June 30,
Six Months Ended 
June 30,
thousandsthousands20232022thousands2023202220232022
Long-term and short-term debt
Long-term and short-term debt
$(81,151)$(83,428)
Long-term and short-term debt
$(85,088)$(78,577)$(166,239)$(162,005)
Finance lease liabilitiesFinance lease liabilities(163)(42)Finance lease liabilities(230)(31)(393)(73)
Commitment fees and amortization of debt-related costsCommitment fees and amortization of debt-related costs(2,881)(3,032)Commitment fees and amortization of debt-related costs(3,414)(3,068)(6,295)(6,100)
Capitalized interestCapitalized interest2,525 1,047 Capitalized interest2,550 904 5,075 1,951 
Interest expenseInterest expense$(81,670)$(85,455)Interest expense$(86,182)$(80,772)$(167,852)$(166,227)

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WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP AND WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Environmental obligations. The Partnership is subject to various environmental-remediation obligations arising from federal, state, and local regulations regarding air and water quality, hazardous and solid waste disposal, and other environmental matters. As of March 31,June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the consolidated balance sheets included $9.2$12.1 million and $7.4 million, respectively, of liabilities for remediation and reclamation obligations. The current portion of these amounts is included in Accrued liabilities, and the long-term portion of these amounts is included in Other liabilities. The majority of payments related to these obligations are expected to be made over the next year. See Note 8.

Litigation and legal proceedings. From time to time, the Partnership is involved in legal, tax, regulatory, and other proceedings in various forums regarding performance, contracts, and other matters that arise in the ordinary course of business. Management is not aware of any such proceeding for which the final disposition could have a material adverse effect on the Partnership’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Other commitments. The Partnership has payment obligations, or commitments, that include, among other things, a revolving credit facility, other third-party long-term debt, obligations related to the Partnership’s capital spending programs, pipeline and offload commitments, and various operating and finance leases. The payment obligations related to the Partnership’s capital spending programs, the majority of which is expected to be paid in the next 12 months, primarily relate to expansion, construction, expansion, and asset-integrity projects at the West Texas complex, DBM water systems, DBM oil system, and DJ Basin complex.

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Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion analyzes our financial condition and results of operations and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, wherein WES Operating is fully consolidated, and which are included under Part I, Item 1 of this quarterly report, and the historical consolidated financial statements, and the notes thereto, which are included under Part II, Item 8 of the 2022 Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on February 22, 2023.
The Partnership’s assets include assets owned and ownership interests accounted for by us under the equity method of accounting, through our 98.0% partnership interest in WES Operating, as of March 31,June 30, 2023 (see Note 6—Equity Investments in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q). We also own and control the entire non-economic general partner interest in WES Operating GP, and our general partner is owned by Occidental.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

We have made in this Form 10-Q, and may make in other public filings, press releases, and statements by management, forward-looking statements concerning our operations, economic performance, and financial condition. These forward-looking statements include statements preceded by, followed by, or that otherwise include the words “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “estimates,” “projects,” “target,” “goal,” “plans,” “objective,” “should,” or similar expressions or variations on such expressions. These statements discuss future expectations, contain projections of results of operations or financial condition, or include other “forward-looking” information.
Although we and our general partner believe that the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements are reasonable, neither we nor our general partner can provide any assurance that such expectations will prove correct. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations include, but are not limited to, the following:

our ability to pay distributions to our unitholders;

our assumptions about the energy market;

future throughput (including Occidental production) that is gathered or processed by, or transported through, our assets;

our operating results;

competitive conditions;

technology;

the availability of capital resources to fund acquisitions, capital expenditures, and other contractual obligations, and our ability to access financing through the debt or equity capital markets;

the supply of, demand for, and price of oil, natural gas, NGLs, and related products or services;

commodity-price risks inherent in percent-of-proceeds, percent-of-product, keep-whole, and fixed-recovery processing contracts;

weather and natural disasters;

inflation;

the availability of goods and services;

general economic conditions, internationally, domestically, or in the jurisdictions in which we are doing business;
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federal, state, and local laws and state-approved voter ballot initiatives, including those laws or ballot initiatives that limit producers’ hydraulic-fracturing activities or other oil and natural-gas development or operations;

environmental liabilities;

legislative or regulatory changes, including changes affecting our status as a partnership for federal income tax purposes;

changes in the financial or operational condition of Occidental;

the creditworthiness of Occidental or our other counterparties, including financial institutions, operating partners, and other parties;

changes in Occidental’s capital program, corporate strategy, or other desired areas of focus;

our commitments to capital projects;

our ability to access liquidity under the RCF;

our ability to repay debt;

the resolution of litigation or other disputes;

conflicts of interest among us and our general partner and its related parties, including Occidental, with respect to, among other things, the allocation of capital and operational and administrative costs and our future business opportunities;

our ability to maintain and/or obtain rights to operate our assets on land owned by third parties;

our ability to acquire assets on acceptable terms from third parties;

non-payment or non-performance of significant customers, including under gathering, processing, transportation, and disposal agreements;

the timing, amount, and terms of future issuances of equity and debt securities;

the outcome of pending and future regulatory, legislative, or other proceedings or investigations, and continued or additional disruptions in operations that may occur as we and our customers comply with any regulatory orders or other state or local changes in laws or regulations;

cyber attacks or security breaches; and

other factors discussed below, in “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates” included in the 2022 Form 10-K, in our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and in our other public filings and press releases.

Risk factors and other factors noted throughout or incorporated by reference in this Form 10-Q could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.



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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

We are a midstream energy company organized as a publicly traded partnership, engaged in the business of gathering, compressing, treating, processing, and transporting natural gas; gathering, stabilizing, and transporting condensate, NGLs, and crude oil; and gathering and disposing of produced water. In our capacity as a natural-gas processor, we also buy and sell natural gas, NGLs, and condensate on behalf of ourselves and as an agent for our customers under certain contracts. To provide superior midstream service, we focus on ensuring the reliability and performance of our systems, creating sustainable cost efficiencies, enhancing our safety culture, and protecting the environment. We own or have investments in assets located in Texas, New Mexico, the Rocky Mountains (Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming), and North-central Pennsylvania. As of March 31,June 30, 2023, our assets and investments consisted of the following:
Wholly
Owned and
Operated
Operated
Interests
Non-Operated
Interests
Equity
Interests
Gathering systems (1)
17 
Treating facilities37 — — 
Natural-gas processing plants/trains
25 — 
NGLs pipelines— — 
Natural-gas pipelines
— — 
Crude-oil pipelines
— 

(1)Includes the DBM water systems.

Significant financial and operational events during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2023, included the following:

WES Operating completed the public offering of $750.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.150% Senior Notes due 2033. Net proceeds from this offering were used to repay borrowings under the RCF and for general partnership purposes. See Liquidity and Capital Resources within this Item 2 for additional information.

WES Operating redeemed the $213.1 million total principal amount outstanding of the Floating-Rate Senior Notes due 2023 at par value with cash on hand.

We repurchased 285,688 common units for an aggregate purchase priceWES Operating purchased and retired $117.6 million of $7.1 million.certain of its senior notes via open-market repurchases.

Our regular firstsecond-quarter 2023 per-unit distribution is unchangedof $0.5625 increased $0.0625 from the fourth-quarter 2022regular first-quarter 2023 per-unit distribution of $0.500.

In April 2023, theThe Board approved an Enhanced Distribution of $0.356 per unit, or $140.1 million, related to our 2022 performance. This Enhanced Distribution is payable,was paid, along with our regular first-quarter 2023 distribution, on May 15, 2023, to our unitholders of record at the close of business on May 1, 2023.

We repurchased 287,322 common units for an aggregate purchase price of $7.1 million.

Natural-gas throughput attributable to WES totaled 4,1074,254 MMcf/d and 4,181 MMcf/d for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, representing a 4% increase compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, representing a 3% decrease and a 1% increaseno change compared to the threesix months ended December 31, 2022, and March 31,June 30, 2022, respectively.

Crude-oil and NGLs throughput attributable to WES totaled 611626 MBbls/d and 619 MBbls/d for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2023, respectively, representing a 6% decrease2% increase and a 9%an 8% decrease compared to the three months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2022,2023, and March 31,six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

Produced-water throughput attributable to WES totaled 957943 MBbls/d and 950 MBbls/d for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, representing a 1% decrease and an 18% increase compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, representing a 12% increase and a 27% increase compared to the threesix months ended December 31, 2022, and March 31,June 30, 2022, respectively.
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Gross margin was $537.9$550.0 million and $1,087.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, representing a 2% increase and a 5% decrease compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, representing a 1% increase and a 2% decrease compared to the threesix months ended December 31, 2022, and March 31,June 30, 2022, respectively. See Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures within this Item 2.

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Adjusted gross margin for natural-gas assets (as defined under the caption Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures within this Item 2) averaged $1.30$1.26 per Mcf and $1.28 per Mcf for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, representing a 3% decrease and a 5% decrease compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, representing a 2% increase and a 3% decrease compared to the threesix months ended December 31, 2022, and March 31,June 30, 2022, respectively.

Adjusted gross margin for crude-oil and NGLs assets (as defined under the caption Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures within this Item 2) averaged $2.65$2.58 per Bbl and $2.61 per Bbl for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, representing a 3% decrease and a 4% increase compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, representing a 5% increase and a 9% increase compared to the threesix months ended December 31, 2022, and March 31,June 30, 2022, respectively.

Adjusted gross margin for produced-water assets (as defined under the caption Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures within this Item 2) averaged $0.81$0.83 per Bbl and $0.82 per Bbl for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, representing a 2% increase and a 14% decrease compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, representing a 12% decrease and a 19% decrease compared to the threesix months ended December 31, 2022, and March 31,June 30, 2022, respectively.

The following table provides additional information on throughput for the periods presented below:
Three Months Ended
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
March 31, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
June 30, 2023March 31, 2023Inc/
(Dec)
June 30, 2023June 30, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
Throughput for natural-gas assets (MMcf/d)Throughput for natural-gas assets (MMcf/d)Throughput for natural-gas assets (MMcf/d)
Delaware BasinDelaware Basin1,569 1,524 %1,326 18 %Delaware Basin1,592 1,569 %1,581 1,410 12 %
DJ BasinDJ Basin1,306 1,343 (3)%1,321 (1)%DJ Basin1,309 1,306 — %1,308 1,329 (2)%
Equity investmentsEquity investments423 463 (9)%479 (12)%Equity investments454 423 %438 498 (12)%
OtherOther948 1,055 (10)%1,084 (13)%Other1,061 948 12 %1,004 1,082 (7)%
Total throughput for natural-gas assets
Total throughput for natural-gas assets
4,246 4,385 (3)%4,210 %
Total throughput for natural-gas assets
4,416 4,246 %4,331 4,319 — %
Throughput for crude-oil and NGLs assets (MBbls/d)Throughput for crude-oil and NGLs assets (MBbls/d)Throughput for crude-oil and NGLs assets (MBbls/d)
Delaware BasinDelaware Basin205 203 %192 %Delaware Basin208 205 %206 195 %
DJ BasinDJ Basin69 77 (10)%88 (22)%DJ Basin66 69 (4)%67 85 (21)%
Equity investmentsEquity investments314 347 (10)%374 (16)%Equity investments323 314 %319 367 (13)%
OtherOther35 35 — %35 — %Other42 35 20 %40 37 %
Total throughput for crude-oil and NGLs assets
Total throughput for crude-oil and NGLs assets
623 662 (6)%689 (10)%
Total throughput for crude-oil and NGLs assets
639 623 %632 684 (8)%
Throughput for produced-water assets (MBbls/d)Throughput for produced-water assets (MBbls/d)Throughput for produced-water assets (MBbls/d)
Delaware BasinDelaware Basin977 868 13 %766 28 %Delaware Basin963 977 (1)%970 824 18 %
Total throughput for produced-water assets
Total throughput for produced-water assets
977 868 13 %766 28 %
Total throughput for produced-water assets
963 977 (1)%970 824 18 %
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OUTLOOK

We expect our business to be affected by the below-described key trends and uncertainties. Our expectations are based on assumptions made by us and information currently available to us. To the extent our underlying assumptions about, or interpretations of, available information prove incorrect, our actual results may vary materially from expected results.

Impact of producer activity. Our business is primarily driven by the level of production of crude-oil natural-gas, and NGLs prices. Crudenatural gas by producers in our areas of operation. This activity, however, can be impacted negatively by, among other things, commodity-price fluctuations and operational challenges. Fluctuating crude-oil, natural-gas, and NGLs prices can fluctuate significantly, and have done so over time. Commodity-price fluctuations affectreduce the level of our customers’ activities and our customers’ allocationschange the allocation of capital within their own asset portfolios. Such fluctuations can also impact us directly to the extent we take ownership of and sell certain volumes at the tailgate of our plants for our own account. During 2020, oil and natural-gas prices were negatively impacted by the worldwide macroeconomic downturn that followed the global outbreak of COVID-19. In 2021, prices began to increase and in the first quarter of 2022, commodity prices increased significantly in connection with the war in Ukraine. For example, the New York Mercantile Exchange (“NYMEX”) West Texas Intermediate crude-oil daily settlement prices during 2022 ranged from a high of $123.70 per barrel in March 2022 to a low of $71.02 per barrel in December 2022, and prices during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2023, ranged from a high of $81.62$83.26 per barrel in JanuaryApril 2023 to a low of $66.74 per barrel in March 2023. The extent and duration of the recent commodity-price volatility, and the associated direct and indirect impact on our business, cannot be predicted.
To address the extent producers continue with development plans in our areas of operation, we intend to continue connecting new wells or production facilities to our systems to maintain or increase throughput on our systems and mitigate the impact of production declines. However, our success in connecting additional wells or production facilities is dependent on the activity levels of our customers, any capacity constraints, and the availability of downstream-takeaway alternatives. In some cases, we take ownership of volumes at the tailgate of our plants based on certain contractual arrangements with our producer customers, which introduces additional commodity-price exposure. Additionally,risks posed by fluctuating commodity prices, we intend to continue evaluating the crude-oil, NGLs, and natural-gasrelevant price environments and adjust our capital spending plans to reflect our customers’ anticipated activity levels, while maintaining appropriate liquidity and financial flexibility.
Additionally, even when the commodity-price environments are favorable, our customers must manage numerous operational challenges, including severe weather disruptions, downstream and produced-water takeaway constraints, seismicity concerns, new regulatory requirements, and the ability to optimize the efficiency and results of large, complex drilling programs. Our producers’ ability to mitigate or manage such challenges can have a significant impact on the volumes available for us to service in the short term. For this reason, we strive to work proactively with our customers whenever possible to provide high levels of reliability on our systems and help them meet these operational challenges as they arise.

Impact of inflation and supply-chain disruptions. Although inflation in the United States has been relatively low in recent years, theThe U.S. economy currently is experiencinghas recently experienced significant inflation relative to historical precedent, from, among other things, supply-chain disruptions caused by, or governmental stimulus or fiscal policies adopted in response to, the COVID-19 crisis and in connection with the war in Ukraine. More specifically, the bottlenecks and disruptions from the lingering effects of the COVID-19 crisis have caused difficulties within the U.S. and global supply chains, creating logistical delays along with labor shortages. Continued inflation has raised our costs for labor, materials, fuel, and services, which has increased our operating costs and capital expenditures. Increases in inflationary pressure could materially and negatively impact our financial results. To the extent permitted by regulations and escalation provisions in certain of our existing agreements, we have the ability to recover a portion of increased costs in the form of higher fees.

Impact of interest rates. Overall, short-Short- and long-term interest rates increased during 2022, and have continued to increase during 2023, resulting in increased interest expense on RCF borrowings. Any future increases in interest rates likely will result in additional increases in financing costs. Additionally, asAs with other yield-oriented securities, our unit price could be impacted by our implied distribution yield relative to market interest rates. Therefore, changes in interest rates, either positive or negative, may affect the yield requirements of investors who invest in our units, and a rising interest-rate environment could have an adverse impact on our unit price and our ability to issue additional equity, or increase the cost of issuing equity, to make acquisitions, to reduce debt, or for other purposes. However, we expect our cost of capital to remain competitive, as our competitors face similar interest-rate dynamics.


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ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES

Cactus II. In November 2022, we sold our 15.00% interest in Cactus II to two third parties for $264.8 million, which includes a $1.8 million pro-rata distribution through closing. Total proceeds were received during the fourth quarter of 2022, resulting in a net gain on sale of $109.9 million that was recorded as Gain (loss) on divestiture and other, net in the consolidated statements of operations.

Ranch Westex. In September 2022, we acquired the remaining 50% interest in Ranch Westex from a third party for $40.1 million. Subsequent to the acquisition, (i) we are the sole owner and operator of the asset, (ii) Ranch Westex is no longer accounted for under the equity method of accounting, and (iii) the Ranch Westex processing plant is included as part of the operations of the West Texas complex.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

OPERATING RESULTS

The following tables and discussion present a summary of our results of operations:
Three Months Ended
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
thousandsthousandsMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2022thousandsJune 30, 2023March 31, 2023June 30, 2023June 30, 2022
Total revenues and other (1)
Total revenues and other (1)
$733,982 $779,437 $758,297 
Total revenues and other (1)
$738,273 $733,982 $1,472,255 $1,634,716 
Equity income, net – related partiesEquity income, net – related parties39,021 44,095 49,607 Equity income, net – related parties42,324 39,021 81,345 98,071 
Total operating expenses (1)
Total operating expenses (1)
480,673 499,434 403,450 
Total operating expenses (1)
443,855 480,673 924,528 929,795 
Gain (loss) on divestiture and other, netGain (loss) on divestiture and other, net(2,118)104,560 370 Gain (loss) on divestiture and other, net(70)(2,118)(2,188)(780)
Operating income (loss)Operating income (loss)290,212 428,658 404,824 Operating income (loss)336,672 290,212 626,884 802,212 
Interest expenseInterest expense(81,670)(84,606)(85,455)Interest expense(86,182)(81,670)(167,852)(166,227)
Gain (loss) on early extinguishment of debtGain (loss) on early extinguishment of debt6,813 — 6,813 91 
Other income (expense), netOther income (expense), net1,215 1,486 106 Other income (expense), net2,872 1,215 4,087 61 
Income (loss) before income taxesIncome (loss) before income taxes209,757 345,538 319,475 Income (loss) before income taxes260,175 209,757 469,932 636,137 
Income tax expense (benefit)Income tax expense (benefit)1,416 504 1,805 Income tax expense (benefit)659 1,416 2,075 3,296 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)208,341 345,034 317,670 Net income (loss)259,516 208,341 467,857 632,841 
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interestsNet income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests4,696 8,710 8,953 Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests6,595 4,696 11,291 17,807 
Net income (loss) attributable to Western Midstream Partners, LP (2)
Net income (loss) attributable to Western Midstream Partners, LP (2)
$203,645 $336,324 $308,717 
Net income (loss) attributable to Western Midstream Partners, LP (2)
$252,921 $203,645 $456,566 $615,034 

(1)Total revenues and other includes amounts earned from services provided to related parties and from the sale of natural gas, condensate, and NGLs to related parties. Total operating expenses includes amounts charged by related parties for services received. See Note 5—Related-Party Transactions in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.
(2)For reconciliations to comparable consolidated results of WES Operating, see Items Affecting the Comparability of Financial Results with WES Operating within this Item 2.

For purposes of the following discussion, any increases or decreases “for the three months ended June 30, 2023” refer to the comparison of the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2023, to the three months ended December 31, 2022, or to the three months ended March 31, 2022, as applicable.2023; and any increases or decreases “for the six months ended June 30, 2023” refer to the comparison of the six months ended June 30, 2023, to the six months ended June 30, 2022.

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Throughput
Three Months Ended
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
March 31, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
June 30, 2023March 31, 2023Inc/
(Dec)
June 30, 2023June 30, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
Throughput for natural-gas assets (MMcf/d)Throughput for natural-gas assets (MMcf/d)Throughput for natural-gas assets (MMcf/d)
Gathering, treating, and transportationGathering, treating, and transportation369 402 (8)%406 (9)%Gathering, treating, and transportation395 369 %382 408 (6)%
ProcessingProcessing3,454 3,520 (2)%3,325 %Processing3,567 3,454 %3,511 3,413 %
Equity investments (1)
Equity investments (1)
423 463 (9)%479 (12)%
Equity investments (1)
454 423 %438 498 (12)%
Total throughputTotal throughput4,246 4,385 (3)%4,210 %Total throughput4,416 4,246 %4,331 4,319 — %
Throughput attributable to noncontrolling interests (2)
Throughput attributable to noncontrolling interests (2)
139 154 (10)%152 (9)%
Throughput attributable to noncontrolling interests (2)
162 139 17 %150 154 (3)%
Total throughput attributable to WES for natural-gas assets
Total throughput attributable to WES for natural-gas assets
4,107 4,231 (3)%4,058 %
Total throughput attributable to WES for natural-gas assets
4,254 4,107 %4,181 4,165 — %
Throughput for crude-oil and NGLs assets (MBbls/d)Throughput for crude-oil and NGLs assets (MBbls/d)Throughput for crude-oil and NGLs assets (MBbls/d)
Gathering, treating, and transportationGathering, treating, and transportation309 315 (2)%315 (2)%Gathering, treating, and transportation316 309 %313 317 (1)%
Equity investments (1)
Equity investments (1)
314 347 (10)%374 (16)%
Equity investments (1)
323 314 %319 367 (13)%
Total throughputTotal throughput623 662 (6)%689 (10)%Total throughput639 623 %632 684 (8)%
Throughput attributable to noncontrolling interests (2)
Throughput attributable to noncontrolling interests (2)
12 13 (8)%14 (14)%
Throughput attributable to noncontrolling interests (2)
13 12 %13 14 (7)%
Total throughput attributable to WES for crude-oil and NGLs assets
Total throughput attributable to WES for crude-oil and NGLs assets
611 649 (6)%675 (9)%
Total throughput attributable to WES for crude-oil and NGLs assets
626 611 %619 670 (8)%
Throughput for produced-water assets (MBbls/d)Throughput for produced-water assets (MBbls/d)Throughput for produced-water assets (MBbls/d)
Gathering and disposalGathering and disposal977 868 13 %766 28 %Gathering and disposal963 977 (1)%970 824 18 %
Throughput attributable to noncontrolling interests (2)
Throughput attributable to noncontrolling interests (2)
20 17 18 %15 33 %
Throughput attributable to noncontrolling interests (2)
20 20 — %20 16 25 %
Total throughput attributable to WES for produced-water assets
Total throughput attributable to WES for produced-water assets
957 851 12 %751 27 %
Total throughput attributable to WES for produced-water assets
943 957 (1)%950 808 18 %

(1)Represents our share of average throughput for investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting.
(2)For all periods presented, includes (i) the 2.0% limited partner interest in WES Operating owned by an Occidental subsidiary and (ii) for natural-gas assets, the 25% third-party interest in Chipeta, which collectively represent WES’s noncontrolling interests.

Natural-gas assets

Total throughput attributable to WES for natural-gas assets decreasedincreased by 124147 MMcf/d compared tofor the three months ended December 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to (i) lowerhigher volumes at the Chipeta complex due to volumes being diverted away from the plant for part of December 2022 through February 2023, (ii) lowerhigher volumes at the West Texas complex due to increased production declines in areasthe area, (iii) higher volumes on Red Bluff Express, (iv) higher volumes around the DJ BasinGranger complex and the Marcellus Interest systems, (iii) lower volumes due to production declines and extended winter weather conditions during the first quarter of 2023, in areas around the Granger and Red Desert complexes, and (iv) lower volumes at Mi Vida and on Red Bluff Express. These decreases were offset partially by(v) higher volumes at the West Texas complex due to increased production in the area.MIGC system.
Total throughput attributable to WES for natural-gas assets increased by 4916 MMcf/d compared tofor the threesix months ended March 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to higher volumes at the West Texas complex due to increased production in the area. This increase was offset partially by (i) lower volumes due to production declines in the areas around the Marcellus Interest systems and DJ Basin complex, (ii) decreased volumes at the Ranch Westex plant, which we acquired in the third quarter of 2022 and is included as part of the West Texas complex subsequent to the acquisition, (ii) lower volumes at Chipeta due to volumes being diverted away from the plant for part of December 2022 through February 2023, (iii) lower volumes due to production declines and extended winter weather conditions during the first quarter of 2023 in areas around the Granger and Red Desert complexes, (iv) lower volumes at the Brasada complex due to production declines indownstream issues causing volumes to be diverted away from the area around the Marcellus Interest systems,plant and maintenance activities, (v) lower volumes at the Chipeta complex due to volumes being diverted away from the plant for part of December 2022 through February 2023, and (vi) lower volumes at the Mi Vida.Vida plant.


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Crude-oil and NGLs assets

Total throughput attributable to WES for crude-oil and NGLs assets decreasedincreased by 3815 MBbls/d compared tofor the three months ended December 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to (i) lowerhigher volumes on the Cactus IIGNB NGL pipeline which was sold indue to higher volumes received from the fourthChipeta complex compared to the first quarter of 2022,2023 along with increased producer activity and (ii) decreasedhigher volumes on FRP and at the DJ Basin oil system resulting from production declines in the area.Saddlehorn pipeline.
Total throughput attributable to WES for crude-oil and NGLs assets decreased by 6451 MBbls/d compared tofor the threesix months ended March 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to (i) lower volumes on the Cactus II pipeline, which was sold in the fourth quarter of 2022, and (ii) lower volumes at the DJ Basin oil system resulting from production declines in the area. These decreases were offset partially by (i) increased volumes on the Whitethorn pipeline and (ii) higher volumes at the DBM oil system resulting from increased production in the area and (ii) increased volumes on the Whitethorn pipeline.area.

Produced-water assets

Total throughput attributable to WES for produced-water assets increased by 106142 MBbls/d and 206 MBbls/d compared tofor the threesix months ended December 31, 2022, and March 31, 2022, respectively,June 30, 2023, due to higher production and new third-party connections brought online during the first quarter of 2023 and the second half of 2022.2023.

Service Revenues
Three Months Ended
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
thousands except percentagesthousands except percentagesMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
March 31, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
thousands except percentagesJune 30, 2023March 31, 2023Inc/
(Dec)
June 30, 2023June 30, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
Service revenues – fee basedService revenues – fee based$647,867 $647,948 — %$631,598 %Service revenues – fee based$661,506 $647,867 %$1,309,373 $1,287,550 %
Service revenues – product basedService revenues – product based46,810 46,971 — %40,867 15 %Service revenues – product based46,956 46,810 — %93,766 111,365 (16)%
Total service revenuesTotal service revenues$694,677 $694,919 — %$672,465 %Total service revenues$708,462 $694,677 %$1,403,139 $1,398,915 — %

Service revenues – fee based

Service revenues – fee based decreasedincreased by $0.1$13.6 million compared tofor the three months ended December 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to decreasesincreases of (i) $20.2$8.1 million at the SpringfieldWest Texas complex resulting from increased throughput and (ii) $5.4 million at the DJ Basin complex due to increased throughput and deficiency fees. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $2.8 million at the DJ Basin oil system due to an annual cost-of-service rate adjustment thatdecreased throughput.
Service revenues – fee based increased revenue duringby $21.8 million for the fourth quartersix months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to increases of 2022, (ii) $2.2(i) $45.7 million at the DBM water systems due to decreased deficiency fees andWest Texas complex as a lower average fee resulting from a cost-of-service rate redetermination effective January 1, 2023, partially offset byresult of increased throughput, and (iii) $1.7(ii) $4.3 million at the DBM oil system due to increased throughput, partially offset by a lower average fee resulting from a cost-of-service rate redetermination effective January 1, 2023, and decreased deficiency fees. These decreases were partially offset by increases of (i) $16.4 million at the DJ Basin oil system due to an annual cost-of-service rate adjustment that decreased revenue during the fourth quarter of 2022, partially offset by decreased throughput, and (ii) $10.0 million at the West Texas complex due to increased throughput.
Service revenues – fee based increased by $16.3 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily due to increases of (i) $28.6 million and $3.1 million at the West Texas complex and DBM oil system, respectively, as a result of increased throughput and (ii) $2.1(iii) $3.0 million at the DBM water systems due to increased throughput, partially offset by decreased deficiency fees and a lower average fee resulting from a cost-of-service rate redetermination effective January 1, 2023. These increases were partially offset by decreases of (i) $5.2$10.3 million at the Chipeta complex due to decreased deficiency fees and throughput, (ii) $3.3$8.4 million at the DJ Basin complexoil system due to decreased throughput, partially offset by increased deficiency fees, (iii) $3.0 million at the DJ Basin oil system due to decreased throughput, (iv) $2.8$6.1 million at the Springfield system primarily due to decreased demand-fee revenue, and (v) $1.9(iv) $4.5 million at the Marcellus Interest systems due to decreased throughput.

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Service revenues – product based

Service revenues – product based increaseddecreased by $5.9$17.6 million compared tofor the threesix months ended March 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to increasesdecreases of (i) $10.3$5.1 million at the Red Desert complex due to decreased average prices and volumes sold, (ii) $4.3 million, $4.1 million, and $3.5 million at the Granger complex, Hilight system, and DJ Basin complex, respectively, due to decreased average prices, and (iii) $3.6 million at the Chipeta complex due to decreased volumes sold. These decreases were partially offset by an increase of $4.0 million at the West Texas complex due to increased volumes sold and changes in contract mix, and (ii) $4.8 million at the DJ Basin complex dueincreased electricity-related rates billed to changes in contract mix. These increases were partially offset by decreases of (i) $2.8 million at the Chipeta complex as a result of lower volumes, (ii) $2.5 million at the Granger complex due to decreased average prices, (iii) $1.9 million at the Red Desert complex due to decreased throughput and average prices, and (iv) $1.8 million at the Hilight system due to decreased average prices.customers.

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Product Sales
Three Months Ended
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
thousands except percentages and per-unit amountsthousands except percentages and per-unit amountsMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
March 31, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
thousands except percentages and per-unit amountsJune 30, 2023March 31, 2023Inc/
(Dec)
June 30, 2023June 30, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
Natural-gas sales
Natural-gas sales
$2,775 $27,712 (90)%$19,071 (85)%
Natural-gas sales
$7,237 $2,775 161 %$10,012 $66,363 (85)%
NGLs salesNGLs sales36,250 56,556 (36)%66,518 (46)%NGLs sales22,422 36,250 (38)%58,672 168,962 (65)%
Total Product salesTotal Product sales$39,025 $84,268 (54)%$85,589 (54)%Total Product sales$29,659 $39,025 (24)%$68,684 $235,325 (71)%
Per-unit gross average sales price:
Per-unit gross average sales price:
Per-unit gross average sales price:
Natural gas (per Mcf)Natural gas (per Mcf)$1.75 $3.78 (54)%$4.38 (60)%Natural gas (per Mcf)$1.33 $1.75 (24)%$1.53 $5.76 (73)%
NGLs (per Bbl)NGLs (per Bbl)28.78 29.21 (1)%46.48 (38)%NGLs (per Bbl)23.65 28.78 (18)%26.17 46.53 (44)%

Natural-gas sales

Natural-gas sales decreasedincreased by $24.9$4.5 million compared tofor the three months ended December 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to decreases of (i) $8.2 million and $3.7 millionincreased volumes sold, partially offset by decreased average prices at the DJ Basin and Red Desert complexes, respectively, due to decreases in volumes sold and average prices, (ii) $7.9 million at the West Texas complex due to decreased average prices, and (iii) $4.1 million at the Chipeta complex due to decreased volumes sold.complex.
Natural-gas sales decreased by $16.3$56.4 million compared tofor the threesix months ended March 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to decreases of (i) $13.2$53.4 million at the West Texas complex due to decreased average prices, partially offset by increasedhigher volumes sold, and (ii) $2.5 million and $2.0$8.2 million at the DJ Basin and Red Desert complexes, respectively,complex due to decreases indecreased average prices and volumes sold and average prices.sold.

NGLs sales

NGLs sales decreased by $20.3$13.8 million compared tofor the three months ended December 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to decreases of (i) $12.1$7.1 million and $1.4$6.6 million at the DJ Basin and GrangerWest Texas complexes, respectively, due to a decrease in volumes sold,decreased average prices. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in average prices, (ii) $4.1 million at the West Texas complex due to a decrease in average prices, partially offset by an increase in volumes sold, and (iii) $2.0of $2.4 million at the Chipeta complex due to lowerhigher volumes sold.
NGLs sales decreased by $30.3$110.3 million compared tofor the threesix months ended March 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to decreases of (i) $14.0$75.3 million and $7.1 million at the West Texas complexand Granger complexes, respectively, due to a decrease indecreased volumes sold and average prices, partially offset by an increase in volumes sold, (ii) $9.7 million, $4.1 million, and $1.4$16.0 million at the Chipeta complex Granger complex, and Hilight system, respectively, as a result of decreases indue to decreased average prices, and volumes sold, and (iii) $3.5$6.7 million at the Brasada complex due to a contract expiration in the third quarter of 2022. These decreases were partially offset by an increase of $4.6 million at the DJ Basin complex due to an increase in volumes sold partially offset by a decrease in average prices.
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Equity Income, Net – Related Parties
Three Months Ended
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
thousands except percentagesthousands except percentagesMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
March 31, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
thousands except percentagesJune 30, 2023March 31, 2023Inc/
(Dec)
June 30, 2023June 30, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
Equity income, net – related partiesEquity income, net – related parties$39,021 $44,095 (12)%$49,607 (21)%Equity income, net – related parties$42,324 $39,021 %$81,345 $98,071 (17)%

Equity income, net – related parties decreasedincreased by $5.1$3.3 million compared tofor the three months ended December 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to decreasesincreases of (i) $2.1 million at TEP due to decreased revenue coupled with increased ad valorem taxes, (ii) $1.8$2.2 million at FRP due to decreased revenue, and (iii) $1.6(ii) $1.0 million at Mi Vida due to decreased revenue and increases in certain expenses. These decreases were partially offset by an increase of $2.2 million at White Cliffs due to a goodwill impairment recorded in the fourth quarter of 2022.Vida.
Equity income, net – related parties decreased by $10.6$16.7 million compared tofor the threesix months ended March 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to decreases of (i) $3.9$7.3 million at Cactus II due to the divestiture of our interest in the fourth quarter of 2022 (see Acquisitions and Divestitures within this Item 2), (ii) $4.7 million at Ranch Westex, which we acquired in the third quarter of 2022 and is included as part of the West Texas complex subsequent to the acquisition (see Acquisitions and Divestitures within this Item 2), (ii) $3.6 million at Cactus II due to the divestiture of our interest in the fourth quarter of 2022 (see Acquisitions and Divestitures within this Item 2), (iii) 2.7$3.1 million at Mi Vida due to increasesa decrease in certain expenses, and (iv) $1.0 million at the Mont Belvieu JV due to decreases in revenue.gross margin.

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Cost of Product and Operation and Maintenance Expenses
Three Months Ended
thousands except percentagesMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
March 31, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
Residue purchases$15,638 $30,145 (48)%$34,992 (55)%
NGLs purchases51,829 57,725 (10)%70,404 (26)%
Other(16,008)4,793 NM(32,548)51 %
Cost of product51,459 92,663 (44)%72,848 (29)%
Operation and maintenance174,239 166,923 %128,976 35 %
Total Cost of product and Operation and maintenance expenses$225,698 $259,586 (13)%$201,824 12 %

NMNot meaningful
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
thousands except percentagesJune 30, 2023March 31, 2023Inc/
(Dec)
June 30, 2023June 30, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
Residue purchases$6,066 $15,638 (61)%$21,704 $100,160 (78)%
NGLs purchases48,942 51,829 (6)%100,771 173,054 (42)%
Other(10,262)(16,008)36 %(26,270)(51,810)49 %
Cost of product44,746 51,459 (13)%96,205 221,404 (57)%
Operation and maintenance183,431 174,239 %357,670 297,129 20 %
Total Cost of product and Operation and maintenance expenses$228,177 $225,698 %$453,875 $518,533 (12)%

Residue purchases

Residue purchases decreased by $14.5$9.6 million compared tofor the three months ended December 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to decreases of (i) $7.4$5.6 million at the West TexasGranger complex primarilydue to decreased volumes purchased and (ii) $1.4 million at the Red Desert complex due to lower average prices and (ii) $6.1 million at the Chipeta complex primarily due to decreased volumes purchased.prices.
Residue purchases decreased by $19.4$78.5 million compared tofor the threesix months ended March 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to decreases of (i) $11.9$54.7 million at the West Texas complex attributable to changes in contract mix during 2022 and lower average prices, (ii) $5.2$9.4 million and $6.7 million at the Chipeta complexand Red Desert complexes, respectively, due to decreased volumes purchased and lower average prices, and (iii) $3.8$5.4 million at the DJ Basin complex primarily due to a change in contract mix during the second quarter of 2022. These decreases were offset partially by an increase of $3.3 million at the Granger complex primarily due to an increase inlower average prices.

NGLs purchases

NGLs purchases decreased by $5.9$2.9 million compared tofor the three months ended December 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to a decrease of $5.1$2.8 million at the West TexasDJ Basin complex due to lower average prices.
NGLs purchases decreased by $18.6$72.3 million compared tofor the threesix months ended March 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to decreases of (i) $9.0$42.6 million, $9.2 million, and $4.6 million at the West Texas, complexDJ Basin, and Granger complexes, respectively, primarily due to lower average prices, partially offset by increased volumes purchased, (ii) $3.5$6.8 million at the Brasada complex due to a contract expiration in the third quarter of 2022, and (iii) $3.3$5.6 million at the Chipeta complex due to decreased volumes purchased and (iv) $3.0 million at the Granger complex due to lower average prices.
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Other items

Other items decreasedincreased by $20.8$5.7 million compared tofor the three months ended December 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to a decreasechanges in imbalance positions across several systems.
Other items increased by $25.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to an increase of $19.2$29.6 million at the DJ Basin complex, attributable to changes in imbalance positions.
Other items increasedpartially offset by $16.5 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily due to increasesa decrease of $9.7$2.8 million at the DJ BasinRed Desert complex, attributable to changes in imbalance positions and $8.7 million at the West Texas complex primarily due to increased offload fees and changes in imbalance positions.

Operation and maintenance expense

Operation and maintenance expense increased by $7.3$9.2 million compared tofor the three months ended December 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to increases of (i) $4.5$6.6 million in utility expense and (ii) $3.2 million for salaries and wages costs.
Operation and maintenance expense increased by $60.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to increases of (i) $19.7 million for maintenance and repair expense, (ii) $4.3$12.4 million for salaries and wages costs, (iii) $5.4 million in regulatory and environmental expense, and (iii) $2.6(iv) $4.9 million for salaries and wages costs. These increases were offset partially by decreases of $2.5 million forin mechanical-integrity costs, and $2.3 million in utility expense.
Operation and maintenance expense increased by $45.3 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily due to increases of (i) $13.5 million for maintenance and repair expense, (ii) $6.4 million in regulatory and environmental expense, (iii) $5.7(v) $4.6 million in utility expense, (iv) $5.6 million for salaries and wages costs, (v) $2.7 million for mechanical-integrity costs, (vi) $2.7 million in contract labor and consulting expense, (vii) $2.7$3.9 million in land-related costs, and (viii) $2.4(vii) $3.3 million in water-disposal costs.

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Other Operating Expenses
Three Months Ended
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
thousands except percentagesthousands except percentagesMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
March 31, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
thousands except percentagesJune 30, 2023March 31, 2023Inc/
(Dec)
June 30, 2023June 30, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
General and administrativeGeneral and administrative$51,117 $49,382 %$48,602 %General and administrative$53,405 $51,117 %$104,522 $96,450 %
Property and other taxesProperty and other taxes6,831 18,065 (62)%18,442 (63)%Property and other taxes18,547 6,831 172 %25,378 41,104 (38)%
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization144,626 151,910 (5)%134,582 %Depreciation and amortization143,492 144,626 (1)%288,118 273,618 %
Long-lived asset and other impairments
Long-lived asset and other impairments
52,401 20,491 156 %— 100 %
Long-lived asset and other impairments
234 52,401 (100)%52,635 90 NM
Total other operating expensesTotal other operating expenses$254,975 $239,848 %$201,626 26 %Total other operating expenses$215,678 $254,975 (15)%$470,653 $411,262 14 %

NMNot meaningful

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses increased by $1.7$2.3 million compared tofor the three months ended December 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to an increaseincreases of $4.3(i) $3.9 million in personnelcorporate-related costs, primarily related to information technology costs, and (ii) $2.9 million in contract and consulting costs. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $2.5$4.4 million in contract and consulting costs, primarily related to information technology services and fees incurred in 2022.personnel costs.
General and administrative expenses increased by $2.5$8.1 million compared tofor the threesix months ended March 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to an increaseincreases of $2.3(i) $3.1 million in corporate-related costs, primarily related to information technology costs, (ii) $2.5 million in personnel costs, and (iii) $2.5 million in contract and consulting costs.

Property and other taxes

Property and other taxes decreasedincreased by $11.2$11.7 million and $11.6 million compared tofor the three months ended December 31, 2022, and March 31, 2022, respectively,June 30, 2023, primarily due to decreases in the ad valorem property tax accrual during the first quarter of 2023 related to the finalization of 2022 assessments at the DJ Basin complex.
Property and other taxes decreased by $15.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to decreases in the ad valorem property tax accrual during 2023 related to the finalization of 2022 assessments at the DJ Basin complex.

Depreciation and amortization expense

Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $7.3$1.1 million compared tofor the three months ended December 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to decreasesa decrease of (i) $5.4 million and $3.6$5.1 million at the MGR assets and Hilight system, respectively, as a resultDJ Basin complex due to acceleration of a change in estimate for asset retirement obligationsdepreciation expense during the fourthfirst quarter of 20222023, partially offset by increases of (i) $2.3 million related to depreciation for capitalized information technology implementation costs and (ii) $2.5$2.3 million at the West Texas complex as a result of accretion adjustments to our asset retirement obligation during the first quarter of 2023. These decreases were partially offset by an increase of $5.3 million at the DJ Basin complex due to acceleration of depreciation expense.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $10.0$14.5 million compared tofor the threesix months ended March 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to increases of (i) $4.5 million and $2.4$2.5 million at the DJ Basin complex and MGR assets,Red Desert complexes, respectively, due to acceleration of depreciation expense as well as accretion adjustments to our asset retirement obligation during the first quarter of 2023, and (ii) $1.3$3.5 million at the Hilight system as a result of a change in estimateWest Texas complex primarily resulting from capital projects being placed into service, and (iii) $2.5 million related to depreciation for asset retirement obligations during the first quarter of 2023.capitalized information technology implementation costs.

Long-lived asset and other impairment expense

Long-lived asset and other impairment expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was primarily due to a $52.1 million impairment for assets located in the Rockies.
Long-lived asset and other impairment expense for the three months ended December 31, 2022, was primarily due to a $19.9 million other-than-temporary impairment of our investment in White Cliffs.
For further information on Long-lived asset and other impairment expense, see Note 7—Property, Plant, and Equipment in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

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Interest Expense
Three Months Ended
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
thousands except percentagesthousands except percentagesMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
March 31, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
thousands except percentagesJune 30, 2023March 31, 2023Inc/
(Dec)
June 30, 2023June 30, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
Long-term and short-term debt
Long-term and short-term debt
$(81,151)$(83,390)(3)%$(83,428)(3)%
Long-term and short-term debt
$(85,088)$(81,151)%$(166,239)$(162,005)%
Finance lease liabilitiesFinance lease liabilities(163)(318)(49)%(42)NMFinance lease liabilities(230)(163)41 %(393)(73)NM
Commitment fees and amortization of debt-related costsCommitment fees and amortization of debt-related costs(2,881)(3,063)(6)%(3,032)(5)%Commitment fees and amortization of debt-related costs(3,414)(2,881)19 %(6,295)(6,100)%
Capitalized interestCapitalized interest2,525 2,165 17 %1,047 141 %Capitalized interest2,550 2,525 %5,075 1,951 160 %
Interest expenseInterest expense$(81,670)$(84,606)(3)%$(85,455)(4)%Interest expense$(86,182)$(81,670)%$(167,852)$(166,227)%

Interest expense

Interest expense decreasedincreased by $2.9$4.5 million compared tofor the three months ended December 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to the redemptionan increase of the total principal amount outstanding$11.3 million of interest incurred on the Floating-Rate6.150% Senior Notes due 2033 that were issued during the second quarter of 2023, partially offset by a decrease of $6.3 million due to lower outstanding borrowings under the RCF during the second quarter of 2023.
Interest expense increased by $1.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to increases of (i) $11.3 million of interest incurred on the 6.150% Senior Notes due 2033 that were issued during the second quarter of 2023 and (ii) $5.8 million primarily due to higher outstanding borrowings and average interest rates under the RCF during the first quarter of 2023.
Interest expense decreased These increases were offset partially by $3.8 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily due to decreases of (i) $5.1 million due to the redemption of the total principal amount outstanding of the 4.000% Senior Notes due 2022 during the second quarter of 2022, (ii) $3.6$3.7 million due to credit-rating related interest rate changes and a lower outstanding balance on the 4.050% Senior Notes due 2030 and 3.100% Senior Notes due 2025, (iii) $3.1 million due to higher capitalized interest, (iv) $2.0 million due to the redemption of the total principal amount outstanding of the Floating-Rate Senior Notes due 2023 during the first quarter of 2023, and (v) $1.9 million due to credit-rating related interest rate changes on the 3.100% Senior Notes due 2025, 4.050% Senior Notes due 2030, and 5.250% Senior Notes due 2050, and (iii) $1.5 million due to higher capitalized interest. These decreases were offset partially by an increase of $7.0 million due to higher outstanding borrowings and average interest rates under the RCF during the first quarter of 2023.2050.
See Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt and credit facilities within this Item 2.

Other Income (Expense), Net
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
thousands except percentagesJune 30, 2023March 31, 2023Inc/
(Dec)
June 30, 2023June 30, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
Other income (expense), net$2,872 $1,215 136%$4,087 $61 NM

Other income (expense), net increased by $1.7 million and $4.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, primarily due to interest income earned resulting from higher interest rates and cash and cash equivalent balances throughout 2023.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

We are not a taxable entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes; therefore, our federal statutory rate is zero percent. However, income apportionable to Texas is subject to Texas margin tax.

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RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

Adjusted gross margin. We define Adjusted gross margin attributable to Western Midstream Partners, LP (“Adjusted gross margin”) as total revenues and other (less reimbursements for electricity-related expenses recorded as revenue), less cost of product, plus distributions from equity investments, and excluding the noncontrolling interest owners’ proportionate share of revenues and cost of product. We believe Adjusted gross margin is an important performance measure of our operations’ profitability and performance as compared to other companies in the midstream industry. Cost of product expenses include (i) costs associated with the purchase of natural gas and NGLs pursuant to our percent-of-proceeds, percent-of-product, and keep-whole contracts, (ii) costs associated with the valuation of gas and NGLs imbalances, and (iii) costs associated with our obligations under certain contracts to redeliver a volume of natural gas to shippers, which is thermally equivalent to condensate retained by us and sold to third parties.parties, and (iv) costs associated with our offload commitments with third parties providing firm-processing capacity. The electricity-related expenses included in our Adjusted gross margin definition relate to pass-through expenses that are reimbursed by certain customers (recorded as revenue with an offset recorded as Operation and maintenance expense).

Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA attributable to Western Midstream Partners, LP (“Adjusted EBITDA”) as net income (loss), plus (i) distributions from equity investments, (ii) non-cash equity-based compensation expense, (iii) interest expense, (iv) income tax expense, (v) depreciation and amortization, (vi) impairments, and (vii) other expense (including lower of cost or market inventory adjustments recorded in cost of product), less (i) gain (loss) on divestiture and other, net, (ii) gain (loss) on early extinguishment of debt, (iii) income from equity investments, (iv) interest income, (v) income tax benefit, (vi) other income, and (vii) the noncontrolling interest owners’ proportionate share of revenues and expenses. We believe the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA provides information useful to investors in assessing our financial condition and results of operations and that Adjusted EBITDA is a widely accepted financial indicator of a company’s ability to incur and service debt, fund capital expenditures, and make distributions. Adjusted EBITDA is a supplemental financial measure that management and external users of our consolidated financial statements, such as industry analysts, investors, commercial banks, and rating agencies, use, among other measures, to assess the following:
our operating performance as compared to other publicly traded partnerships in the midstream industry, without regard to financing methods, capital structure, or historical cost basis;
the ability of our assets to generate cash flow to make distributions; and
the viability of acquisitions and capital expenditures and the returns on investment of various investment opportunities.

Free cash flow. We define “Free cash flow” as net cash provided by operating activities less total capital expenditures and contributions to equity investments, plus distributions from equity investments in excess of cumulative earnings. Management considers Free cash flow an appropriate metric for assessing capital discipline, cost efficiency, and balance-sheet strength. Although Free cash flow is the metric used to assess WES’s ability to make distributions to unitholders, this measure should not be viewed as indicative of the actual amount of cash that is available for distributions or planned for distributions for a given period. Instead, Free cash flow should be considered indicative of the amount of cash that is available for distributions, debt repayments, and other general partnership purposes.


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Adjusted gross margin, Adjusted EBITDA, and Free cash flow are not defined in GAAP. The GAAP measure that is most directly comparable to Adjusted gross margin is gross margin. Net income (loss) and net cash provided by operating activities are the GAAP measures that are most directly comparable to Adjusted EBITDA. The GAAP measure that is most directly comparable to Free cash flow is net cash provided by operating activities. Our non-GAAP financial measures of Adjusted gross margin, Adjusted EBITDA, and Free cash flow should not be considered as alternatives to the GAAP measures of gross margin, net income (loss), net cash provided by operating activities, or any other measure of financial performance presented in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted gross margin, Adjusted EBITDA, and Free cash flow have important limitations as analytical tools because they exclude some, but not all, items that affect gross margin, net income (loss), and net cash provided by operating activities. Adjusted gross margin, Adjusted EBITDA, and Free cash flow should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Our definitions of Adjusted gross margin, Adjusted EBITDA, and Free cash flow may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies in our industry, thereby diminishing their utility as comparative measures.
Management compensates for the limitations of Adjusted gross margin, Adjusted EBITDA, and Free cash flow as analytical tools by reviewing the comparable GAAP measures, understanding the differences between Adjusted gross margin, Adjusted EBITDA, and Free cash flow compared to (as applicable) gross margin, net income (loss), and net cash provided by operating activities, and incorporating this knowledge into its decision-making processes. We believe that investors benefit from having access to the same financial measures that our management considers in evaluating our operating results.
The following tables present (i) a reconciliation of the GAAP financial measure of gross margin to the non-GAAP financial measure of Adjusted gross margin, (ii) a reconciliation of the GAAP financial measures of net income (loss) and net cash provided by operating activities to the non-GAAP financial measure of Adjusted EBITDA, and (iii) a reconciliation of the GAAP financial measure of net cash provided by operating activities to the non-GAAP financial measure of Free cash flow:
Three Months Ended
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
thousandsthousandsMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2022thousandsJune 30, 2023March 31, 2023June 30, 2023June 30, 2022
Reconciliation of Gross margin to Adjusted gross marginReconciliation of Gross margin to Adjusted gross marginReconciliation of Gross margin to Adjusted gross margin
Total revenues and otherTotal revenues and other$733,982 $779,437 $758,297 Total revenues and other$738,273 $733,982 $1,472,255 $1,634,716 
Less:Less:Less:
Cost of productCost of product51,459 92,663 72,848 Cost of product44,746 51,459 96,205 221,404 
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization144,626 151,910 134,582 Depreciation and amortization143,492 144,626 288,118 273,618 
Gross marginGross margin537,897 534,864 550,867 Gross margin550,035 537,897 1,087,932 1,139,694 
Add:Add:Add:
Distributions from equity investmentsDistributions from equity investments51,975 69,282 55,795 Distributions from equity investments54,075 51,975 106,050 121,811 
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization144,626 151,910 134,582 Depreciation and amortization143,492 144,626 288,118 273,618 
Less:Less:Less:
Reimbursed electricity-related charges recorded as revenuesReimbursed electricity-related charges recorded as revenues23,569 23,577 18,404 Reimbursed electricity-related charges recorded as revenues23,286 23,569 46,855 37,446 
Adjusted gross margin attributable to noncontrolling interests (1)
Adjusted gross margin attributable to noncontrolling interests (1)
15,774 17,490 18,090 
Adjusted gross margin attributable to noncontrolling interests (1)
16,914 15,774 32,688 37,256 
Adjusted gross marginAdjusted gross margin$695,155 $714,989 $704,750 Adjusted gross margin$707,402 $695,155 $1,402,557 $1,460,421 

(1)For all periods presented, includes (i) the 25% third-party interest in Chipeta and (ii) the 2.0% limited partner interest in WES Operating owned by an Occidental subsidiary, which collectively represent WES’s noncontrolling interests.


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To facilitate investor and industry analysis, we also disclose per-Mcf Adjusted gross margin for natural-gas assets, per-Bbl Adjusted gross margin for crude-oil and NGLs assets, and per-Bbl Adjusted gross margin for produced-water assets.
Three Months Ended
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
thousands except per-unit amountsthousands except per-unit amountsMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2022thousands except per-unit amountsJune 30, 2023March 31, 2023June 30, 2023June 30, 2022
Gross marginGross marginGross margin
Gross margin for natural-gas assets (1)
Gross margin for natural-gas assets (1)
$393,673 $403,043 $409,384 
Gross margin for natural-gas assets (1)
$409,634 $393,673 $803,307 $850,980 
Gross margin for crude-oil and NGLs assets (1)
Gross margin for crude-oil and NGLs assets (1)
89,281 75,690 88,816 
Gross margin for crude-oil and NGLs assets (1)
88,024 89,281 177,305 180,135 
Gross margin for produced-water assets (1)
Gross margin for produced-water assets (1)
59,549 61,189 57,686 
Gross margin for produced-water assets (1)
59,130 59,549 118,679 118,646 
Per-Mcf Gross margin for natural-gas assets (2)
Per-Mcf Gross margin for natural-gas assets (2)
1.03 1.00 1.08 
Per-Mcf Gross margin for natural-gas assets (2)
1.02 1.03 1.02 1.09 
Per-Bbl Gross margin for crude-oil and NGLs assets (2)
Per-Bbl Gross margin for crude-oil and NGLs assets (2)
1.59 1.24 1.43 
Per-Bbl Gross margin for crude-oil and NGLs assets (2)
1.51 1.59 1.55 1.45 
Per-Bbl Gross margin for produced-water assets (2)
Per-Bbl Gross margin for produced-water assets (2)
0.68 0.77 0.84 
Per-Bbl Gross margin for produced-water assets (2)
0.68 0.68 0.68 0.80 
Adjusted gross marginAdjusted gross marginAdjusted gross margin
Adjusted gross margin for natural-gas assets
Adjusted gross margin for natural-gas assets
$480,009 $492,591 $488,909 
Adjusted gross margin for natural-gas assets
$489,476 $480,009 $969,485 $1,017,892 
Adjusted gross margin for crude-oil and NGLs assets
Adjusted gross margin for crude-oil and NGLs assets
145,577 150,611 148,247 
Adjusted gross margin for crude-oil and NGLs assets
147,036 145,577 292,613 303,933 
Adjusted gross margin for produced-water assets
Adjusted gross margin for produced-water assets
69,569 71,787 67,594 
Adjusted gross margin for produced-water assets
70,890 69,569 140,459 138,596 
Per-Mcf Adjusted gross margin for natural-gas assets (3)
Per-Mcf Adjusted gross margin for natural-gas assets (3)
1.30 1.27 1.34 
Per-Mcf Adjusted gross margin for natural-gas assets (3)
1.26 1.30 1.28 1.35 
Per-Bbl Adjusted gross margin for crude-oil and NGLs assets (3)
Per-Bbl Adjusted gross margin for crude-oil and NGLs assets (3)
2.65 2.53 2.44 
Per-Bbl Adjusted gross margin for crude-oil and NGLs assets (3)
2.58 2.65 2.61 2.50 
Per-Bbl Adjusted gross margin for produced-water assets (3)
Per-Bbl Adjusted gross margin for produced-water assets (3)
0.81 0.92 1.00 
Per-Bbl Adjusted gross margin for produced-water assets (3)
0.83 0.81 0.82 0.95 

(1)Excludes corporate-level depreciation and amortization.
(2)Average for period. Calculated as Gross margin for natural-gas assets, crude-oil and NGLs assets, or produced-water assets, divided by the respective total throughput (MMcf or MBbls) for natural-gas assets, crude-oil and NGLs assets, or produced-water assets.
(3)Average for period. Calculated as Adjusted Grossgross margin for natural-gas assets, crude-oil and NGLs assets, or produced-water assets, divided by the respective total throughput (MMcf or MBbls) attributable to WES for natural-gas assets, crude-oil and NGLs assets, or produced-water assets.

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Three Months Ended
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
thousandsthousandsMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2022thousandsJune 30, 2023March 31, 2023June 30, 2023June 30, 2022
Reconciliation of Net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDAReconciliation of Net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDAReconciliation of Net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$208,341 $345,034 $317,670 Net income (loss)$259,516 $208,341 $467,857 $632,841 
Add:Add:Add:
Distributions from equity investmentsDistributions from equity investments51,975 69,282 55,795 Distributions from equity investments54,075 51,975 106,050 121,811 
Non-cash equity-based compensation expense
Non-cash equity-based compensation expense
7,199 6,538 7,743 
Non-cash equity-based compensation expense
7,665 7,199 14,864 14,781 
Interest expenseInterest expense81,670 84,606 85,455 Interest expense86,182 81,670 167,852 166,227 
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense1,416 504 1,805 Income tax expense659 1,416 2,075 3,296 
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization144,626 151,910 134,582 Depreciation and amortization143,492 144,626 288,118 273,618 
ImpairmentsImpairments52,401 20,491 — Impairments234 52,401 52,635 90 
Other expenseOther expense200 209 — Other expense199 200 399 181 
Less:Less:Less:
Gain (loss) on divestiture and other, netGain (loss) on divestiture and other, net(2,118)104,560 370 Gain (loss) on divestiture and other, net(70)(2,118)(2,188)(780)
Gain (loss) on early extinguishment of debtGain (loss) on early extinguishment of debt6,813 — 6,813 91 
Equity income, net – related partiesEquity income, net – related parties39,021 44,095 49,607 Equity income, net – related parties42,324 39,021 81,345 98,071 
Other incomeOther income1,215 1,484 106 Other income2,872 1,215 4,087 106 
Adjusted EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interests (1)
Adjusted EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interests (1)
11,015 12,654 13,917 
Adjusted EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interests (1)
11,737 11,015 22,752 27,989 
Adjusted EBITDAAdjusted EBITDA$498,695 $515,781 $539,050 Adjusted EBITDA$488,346 $498,695 $987,041 $1,087,368 
Reconciliation of Net cash provided by operating activities to Adjusted EBITDAReconciliation of Net cash provided by operating activities to Adjusted EBITDAReconciliation of Net cash provided by operating activities to Adjusted EBITDA
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities$302,424 $489,219 $276,458 Net cash provided by operating activities$490,823 $302,424 $793,247 $743,439 
Interest (income) expense, netInterest (income) expense, net81,670 84,606 85,455 Interest (income) expense, net86,182 81,670 167,852 166,227 
Accretion and amortization of long-term obligations, net
Accretion and amortization of long-term obligations, net
(1,692)(1,783)(1,782)
Accretion and amortization of long-term obligations, net
(2,403)(1,692)(4,095)(3,586)
Current income tax expense (benefit)Current income tax expense (benefit)492 262 673 Current income tax expense (benefit)728 492 1,220 1,376 
Other (income) expense, netOther (income) expense, net(1,215)(1,486)(106)Other (income) expense, net(2,872)(1,215)(4,087)(61)
Distributions from equity investments in excess of cumulative earnings – related partiesDistributions from equity investments in excess of cumulative earnings – related parties12,366 22,839 9,925 Distributions from equity investments in excess of cumulative earnings – related parties10,813 12,366 23,179 25,407 
Changes in assets and liabilities:Changes in assets and liabilities:Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, netAccounts receivable, net4,037 (96,659)165,134 Accounts receivable, net(4,078)4,037 (41)279,830 
Accounts and imbalance payables and accrued liabilities, netAccounts and imbalance payables and accrued liabilities, net136,460 72,881 14,292 Accounts and imbalance payables and accrued liabilities, net(36,885)136,460 99,575 (82,909)
Other items, netOther items, net(24,832)(41,444)2,918 Other items, net(42,225)(24,832)(67,057)(14,366)
Adjusted EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interests (1)
Adjusted EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interests (1)
(11,015)(12,654)(13,917)
Adjusted EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interests (1)
(11,737)(11,015)(22,752)(27,989)
Adjusted EBITDAAdjusted EBITDA$498,695 $515,781 $539,050 Adjusted EBITDA$488,346 $498,695 $987,041 $1,087,368 
Cash flow informationCash flow informationCash flow information
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities$302,424 $489,219 $276,458 Net cash provided by operating activities$490,823 $302,424 $793,247 $743,439 
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(179,178)138,015 (71,617)Net cash used in investing activities(151,490)(179,178)(330,668)(170,947)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) financing activities(297,257)(499,671)(158,591)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(238,025)(297,257)(535,282)(677,057)

(1)For all periods presented, includes (i) the 25% third-party interest in Chipeta and (ii) the 2.0% limited partner interest in WES Operating owned by an Occidental subsidiary, which collectively represent WES’s noncontrolling interests.

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Three Months Ended
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
thousandsthousandsMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2022thousandsJune 30, 2023March 31, 2023June 30, 2023June 30, 2022
Reconciliation of Net cash provided by operating activities to Free cash flowReconciliation of Net cash provided by operating activities to Free cash flowReconciliation of Net cash provided by operating activities to Free cash flow
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities$302,424 $489,219 $276,458 Net cash provided by operating activities$490,823 $302,424 $793,247 $743,439 
Less:Less:Less:
Capital expendituresCapital expenditures173,088 145,723 83,971 Capital expenditures161,482 173,088 334,570 191,357 
Contributions to equity investments – related partiesContributions to equity investments – related parties110 733 2,070 Contributions to equity investments – related parties22 110 132 5,040 
Add:Add:Add:
Distributions from equity investments in excess of cumulative earnings – related partiesDistributions from equity investments in excess of cumulative earnings – related parties12,366 22,839 9,925 Distributions from equity investments in excess of cumulative earnings – related parties10,813 12,366 23,179 25,407 
Free cash flowFree cash flow$141,592 $365,602 $200,342 Free cash flow$340,132 $141,592 $481,724 $572,449 
Cash flow informationCash flow informationCash flow information
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities$302,424 $489,219 $276,458 Net cash provided by operating activities$490,823 $302,424 $793,247 $743,439 
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(179,178)138,015 (71,617)Net cash used in investing activities(151,490)(179,178)(330,668)(170,947)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) financing activities(297,257)(499,671)(158,591)Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(238,025)(297,257)(535,282)(677,057)

Gross margin. Refer to Operating Results within this Item 2 for a discussion of the components of Gross margin as compared to the prior periods, including Service Revenues, Product Sales, Cost of Product (Residue purchases, NGLs purchases, and Other items), and Other Operating Expenses (Depreciation and amortization expense).
Gross margin increased by $3.0$12.1 million compared tofor the three months ended December 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, due to (i) a $41.2$6.7 million decrease in cost of product and (ii) a $7.3$4.3 million decrease in depreciation and amortization. These amounts were offset partially by a $45.5 million decreaseincrease in total revenues and other.
Gross margin decreased by $13.0$51.8 million compared tofor the threesix months ended March 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, due to (i) a $24.3$162.5 million decrease in total revenues and other and (ii) a $10.0$14.5 million increase in depreciation and amortization. These amounts were offset partially by a $21.4$125.2 million decrease in cost of product.

Net income (loss). Refer to Operating Results within this Item 2 for a discussion of the primary components of Net income (loss) as compared to the prior periods.
Net income (loss) decreasedincreased by $136.7$51.2 million compared tofor the three months ended December 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to (i) a $106.7$36.8 million decrease in total operating expenses, (ii) a $6.8 million increase in gain (loss) on divestitureearly extinguishment of debt, and other, net,(iii) a $4.3 million increase in total revenues and (ii)other.
Net income (loss) decreased by $165.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to (i) a $45.5$162.5 million decrease in total revenues and other.other and (ii) a $16.7 million decrease in equity income, net – related parties. These amounts were offset partially by an $18.8(i) a $6.7 million increase in gain (loss) on early extinguishment of debt and (ii) a $5.3 million decrease in total operating expenses.
Net income (loss) decreased by $109.3 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily due to (i) a $77.2 million increase in total operating expenses and (ii) a $24.3 million decrease in total revenues and other.

Net cash provided by operating activities. Refer to Historical cash flow within this Item 2 for a discussion of the primary components of Net cash provided by operating activities as compared to the prior periods.

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KEY PERFORMANCE METRICS
Three Months Ended
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
thousands except percentages and per-unit amountsthousands except percentages and per-unit amountsMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
March 31, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
thousands except percentages and per-unit amountsJune 30, 2023March 31, 2023Inc/
(Dec)
June 30, 2023June 30, 2022Inc/
(Dec)
Adjusted gross marginAdjusted gross margin$695,155 $714,989 (3)%$704,750 (1)%Adjusted gross margin$707,402 $695,155 %$1,402,557 $1,460,421 (4)%
Per-Mcf Adjusted gross margin for natural-gas assets (1)
Per-Mcf Adjusted gross margin for natural-gas assets (1)
1.30 1.27 %1.34 (3)%
Per-Mcf Adjusted gross margin for natural-gas assets (1)
1.26 1.30 (3)%1.28 1.35 (5)%
Per-Bbl Adjusted gross margin for crude-oil and NGLs assets (1)
Per-Bbl Adjusted gross margin for crude-oil and NGLs assets (1)
2.65 2.53 %2.44 %
Per-Bbl Adjusted gross margin for crude-oil and NGLs assets (1)
2.58 2.65 (3)%2.61 2.50 %
Per-Bbl Adjusted gross margin for produced-water assets (1)
Per-Bbl Adjusted gross margin for produced-water assets (1)
0.81 0.92 (12)%1.00 (19)%
Per-Bbl Adjusted gross margin for produced-water assets (1)
0.83 0.81 %0.82 0.95 (14)%
Adjusted EBITDAAdjusted EBITDA498,695 515,781 (3)%539,050 (7)%Adjusted EBITDA488,346 498,695 (2)%987,041 1,087,368 (9)%
Free cash flowFree cash flow141,592 365,602 (61)%200,342 (29)%Free cash flow340,132 141,592 140 %481,724 572,449 (16)%

(1)Average for period. Calculated as Adjusted gross margin for natural-gas assets, crude-oil and NGLs assets, or produced-water assets, divided by the respective total throughput (MMcf or MBbls) attributable to WES for natural-gas assets, crude-oil and NGLs assets, or produced-water assets.

Adjusted gross margin. Adjusted gross margin decreasedincreased by $19.8$12.2 million compared tofor the three months ended December 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to (i) an annual cost-of-service rate adjustment that increased revenue during the fourth quarter of 2022throughput at the Springfield system,Chipeta, DJ Basin, and Granger complexes, and (ii) an increase in distributions from Saddlehorn.
Adjusted gross margin decreased by $57.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to (i) a decrease in distributions from Cactus II, which was sold in the fourth quarter of 2022, (iii) decreased throughput at the Chipeta and Granger complexes, and (iv) a decrease in distributions from Mont Belvieu JV and Whitethorn LLC. These decreases were partially offset by (i) an annual cost-of-service rate adjustment that decreased revenue during the fourth quarter of 2022 at the DJ Basin oil system, partially offset by decreased throughput, and (ii) increased throughput at the West Texas complex.
Adjusted gross margin decreased by $9.6 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily due to (i) decreased throughput at the DJ Basin and Granger complexes, (ii) decreased deficiency fees and throughput at the Chipeta complex, (iii) decreased throughput at the DJ Basin complex, DJ Basin oil system, and (iii)Granger complex, and (iv) a decrease in distributions from Cactus II,Ranch Westex, which was soldacquired in the fourththird quarter of 2022.2022 and is included in the West Texas complex subsequent to the acquisition. These decreases were partially offset by increased throughput at the West Texas complex.
Per-Mcf Adjusted gross margin for natural-gas assets increaseddecreased by $0.03 compared to$0.04 for the three months ended December 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to increasedhigher throughput at the West Texas complex, which has a higher-than-averageacross several assets that have lower-than average per-Mcf marginmargins as compared to our other natural-gas assets, partially offset by an annual cost-of-service rate adjustment that increased revenue during the fourth quarter of 2022 at the Springfield system.assets.
Per-Mcf Adjusted gross margin for natural-gas assets decreased by $0.04 compared to$0.07 for the threesix months ended March 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to contract mix and lower commodity prices, partially offset by increased throughput at the West Texas complex.
Per-Bbl Adjusted gross margin for crude-oil and NGLs assets increaseddecreased by $0.12 compared to$0.07 for the three months ended December 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to an annual cost-of-service rate adjustment that decreaseddecreases in demand-fee revenue during the fourth quarter of 2022and throughput at the DJ Basin oil system. This increase was offset partially by (i)system, which has a decrease in distributions from Cactus II, which was sold in the fourth quarter of 2022,higher-than-average per-Bbl margin as compared to our other crude-oil and (ii) a decrease in distributions from Whitethorn LLC.NGLs assets.
Per-Bbl Adjusted gross margin for crude-oil and NGLs assets increased by $0.21 compared to$0.11 for the threesix months ended March 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to (i) decreases in throughput and distributions from Cactus II, which was sold in the fourth quarter of 2022, and had lower-than-average per-Bbl margin as compared to our other crude-oil and NGLs assets.assets and (ii) increases in distributions from FRP and TEP.
Per-Bbl Adjusted gross margin for produced-water assets increased by $0.02 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to increased throughput on certain fee-based contracts.
Per-Bbl Adjusted gross margin for produced-water assets decreased by $0.11 and $0.19 compared to$0.13 for the threesix months ended December 31, 2022, and March 31, 2022, respectively,June 30, 2023, primarily due to a lower average fee resulting from a cost-of-service rate redetermination effective January 1, 2023, and lower deficiency fee revenues.

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Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $17.1$10.3 million compared tofor the three months ended December 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to (i) a $45.5an $11.7 million decreaseincrease in total revenuesproperty and other taxes and (ii) a $17.3 million decrease in distributions from equity investments, and (iii) a $7.3$9.2 million increase in operation and maintenance expenses. These amounts were offset partially by (i) a $41.2$6.7 million decrease in cost of product (net of lower of cost or market inventory adjustments), (ii) a $4.3 million increase in total revenues and other, and (iii) a $2.1 million increase in distributions from equity investments.
Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $100.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to (i) a $162.5 million decrease in total revenues and other, (ii) a $60.5 million increase in operation and maintenance expenses, (iii) a $15.8 million decrease in distributions from equity investments, and (iv) an $8.0 million increase in general and administrative expenses excluding non-cash equity-based compensation expense. These amounts were offset partially by (i) a $125.5 million decrease in cost of product (net of lower of cost or market inventory adjustments) and (ii) an $11.2a $15.7 million decrease in property and other taxes.
Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $40.4 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily due to (i) a $45.3 million increase in operation and maintenance expenses and (ii) a $24.3 million decrease in total revenues and other. These amounts were offset partially by (i) a $21.6 million decrease in cost of product (net of lower of cost or market inventory adjustments) and (ii) an $11.6 million decrease in property and other taxes.

Free cash flow. Free cash flow decreasedincreased by $224.0$198.5 million compared tofor the three months ended December 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to (i) a decrease of $186.8$188.4 million increase in net cash provided by operating activities and (ii) an increase of $27.4$11.6 million decrease in capital expenditures, and (iii) a decrease of $10.5 million in distributions from equity investments in excess of cumulative earnings.expenditures.
Free cash flow decreased by $58.8$90.7 million compared tofor the threesix months ended March 31, 2022,June 30, 2023, primarily due to ana $143.2 million increase of $89.1 million in capital expenditures, offset partially by an(i) a $49.8 million increase of $26.0 million in net cash provided by operating activities.activities and (ii) a $4.9 million decrease in contributions to equity investments.
See Capital Expenditures and Historical Cash Flow within this Item 2 for further information.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our primary cash uses include equity and debt service, operating expenses, and capital expenditures. Our sources of liquidity as of March 31,June 30, 2023, included cash and cash equivalents, cash flows generated from operations, available borrowing capacity under the RCF, and potential issuances of additional equity or debt securities. We believe that cash flows generated from these sources will be sufficient to satisfy our short-term working capital requirements and long-term capital-expenditure and debt-service requirements.
The amount of future distributions to unitholders will be determined by the Board on a quarterly basis. Under our partnership agreement, we distribute all of our available cash (beyond proper reserves as defined in our partnership agreement) within 55 days following each quarter’s end. Our cash flow and resulting ability to make cash distributions are dependent on our ability to generate cash flow from operations. Generally, our available cash is our cash on hand at the end of a quarter after the payment of our expenses and the establishment of cash reserves and cash on hand resulting from working capital borrowings made after the end of the quarter. The general partner establishes cash reserves to provide for the proper conduct of our business, including (i) to fund future capital expenditures, (ii) to comply with applicable laws, debt instruments, or other agreements, or (iii) to provide funds for unitholder distributions for any one or more of the next four quarters. The Board declared a cash distribution of $0.500 per unitto unitholders for the firstsecond quarter of 2023 and an Enhanced Distribution of $0.356$0.5625 per unit, (discussed below), for an aggregate of $0.856 per unit,a 12.5% increase from the prior quarter, or $337.0$221.4 million whichin the aggregate. The cash distribution is payable on May 15,August 14, 2023, to our unitholders of record at the close of business on May 1,July 31, 2023.
To facilitate the distribution of available cash, during 2022 we adopted a financial policy that provided for an additional distribution (“Enhanced Distribution”) to be paid in conjunction with the regular first-quarter distribution of the following year (beginning in 2023), in a target amount equal to Free cash flow generated in the prior year after subtracting Free cash flow used for the prior year’s debt repayments, regular-quarter distributions, and unit repurchases. This Enhanced Distribution is subject to Board discretion, the establishment of cash reserves for the proper conduct of our business and is also contingent on the attainment of prior year-end net leverage thresholds (the ratio of our total principal debt outstanding less total cash on hand as of the end of such period, as compared to our trailing-twelve-months Adjusted EBITDA), after taking the Enhanced Distribution for such prior year into effect. Free cash flow and Adjusted EBITDA are defined under the caption Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures within this Item 2. In April 2023, the Board approved an Enhanced Distribution of $0.356 per unit, or $140.1 million, related to our 2022 performance.

performance, which was paid in conjunction with our regular first-quarter 2023 distribution on May 15, 2023.
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In 2022, we announced a common-unit buyback program of up to $1.25 billion through December 31, 2024. The common units may be purchased from time to time in the open market at prevailing market prices or in privately negotiated transactions. The timing and amount of purchases under the program will be determined based on ongoing assessments of capital needs, our financial performance, the market price of our common units, and other factors, including organic growth and acquisition opportunities and general market conditions. The program does not obligate us to purchase any specific dollar amount or number of units and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. During the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2023, we repurchased 285,688287,322 common units for an aggregate purchase price of $7.1 million. The units were canceled immediately upon receipt. As of March 31,June 30, 2023, we had an authorized amount of $755.3 million remaining under the program.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, capital expenditures are expected to range between $700.0 million to $800.0 million (accrual-based, includes equity investments, excludes capitalized interest, and excludes capital expenditures associated with the 25% third-party interest in Chipeta), representing a $125.0 million increase to the midpoint of our previously announced guidance in February 2023. Total-year capital expenditures guidance includes capital expenditures attributable to (i) a portion of Mentone Train III, (ii) a portion of the North Loving plant, a new 250 MMcf/d cryogenic processing plant in the North Loving area of our West Texas complex that was sanctioned in May 2023, and (iii) additional expansion capital needed to support new commercial activity.
Management continuously monitors our leverage position and other financial projections to manage the capital structure according to long-term objectives. We may, from time to time, seek to retire, rearrange, or amend some or all of our outstanding debt or financing agreements through cash purchases, exchanges, open-market repurchases, privately negotiated transactions, tender offers, or otherwise. Such transactions, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity position and requirements, contractual restrictions, and other factors and the amounts involved may be material. Our ability to generate cash flows is subject to a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control. Read Risk Factors under Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q.

Working capital. Working capital is an indication of liquidity and potential needs for short-term funding. Working capital requirements are driven by changes in accounts receivable and accounts payable and other factors such as credit extended to, and the timing of collections from, our customers, and the level and timing of our spending for acquisitions, maintenance, and other capital activities. As of March 31,June 30, 2023, we had a $154.0$175.7 million working capital surplus, which we define as the amount by which current assets exceed current liabilities. As of March 31,June 30, 2023, there was $1.5$2.0 billion available for borrowing under the RCF due to $495.0 million of outstanding borrowings, which were repaid in April 2023.RCF. See Note 8—Selected Components of Working Capital and Note 9—Debt and Interest Expense in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

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Capital expenditures. Our business is capital intensive, requiring significant investment to maintain and improve existing facilities or to develop new midstream infrastructure. Capital expenditures include maintenance capital expenditures, which include those expenditures required to maintain existing operating capacity and service capability of our assets, and expansion capital expenditures, which include expenditures to construct new midstream infrastructure and expenditures incurred to reduce costs, increase revenues, or increase system throughput or capacity from current levels.
Capital expenditures in the consolidated statements of cash flows reflect capital expenditures on a cash basis, when payments are made. Capital incurred is presented on an accrual basis. Capital expenditures as presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows and capital incurred were as follows:
Three Months Ended 
March 31,
Six Months Ended 
June 30,
thousandsthousands20232022thousands20232022
Capital expenditures (1)
Capital expenditures (1)
$173,088 $83,971 
Capital expenditures (1)
$334,570 $191,357 
Capital incurred (1)
Capital incurred (1)
181,803 85,553 
Capital incurred (1)
368,683 207,996 

(1)For the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2023 and 2022, included $2.5$5.1 million and $1.0$2.0 million, respectively, of capitalized interest.

Capital expenditures increased by $89.1$143.2 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2023, primarily due to increases of (i) $44.3$66.5 million at the West Texas complex, primarily attributable to facility expansion, including ongoing construction of Mentone Train III, and pipeline projects, (ii) $34.6$54.3 million at the DBM water systems due to construction of additional water-disposal wells and facilities and pipeline projects, and (iii) $4.4$17.1 million at the DBM oil system, primarily related to an increase in pipeline, oil treating, and oil pumping projects.

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Historical cash flow. The following table and discussion present a summary of our net cash flows provided by (used in) operating, investing, and financing activities:
Three Months Ended 
March 31,
Six Months Ended 
June 30,
thousandsthousands20232022thousands20232022
Net cash provided by (used in):Net cash provided by (used in):Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activitiesOperating activities$302,424 $276,458 Operating activities$793,247 $743,439 
Investing activitiesInvesting activities(179,178)(71,617)Investing activities(330,668)(170,947)
Financing activitiesFinancing activities(297,257)(158,591)Financing activities(535,282)(677,057)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalentsNet increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$(174,011)$46,250 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$(72,703)$(104,565)

Operating activities. Net cash provided by operating activities increased for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2023, primarily due to (i) the impact of changes in assets and liabilities and (ii) lower interest expense. These increases wereliabilities. This increase was partially offset by (i) lower cash operating income, and (ii) lower distributions from equity investments.investments, and (iii) higher interest expense. Refer to Operating Results within this Item 2 for a discussion of our results of operations as compared to the prior periods.

Investing activities. Net cash used in investing activities for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2023, primarily included the following:
$173.1334.6 million of capital expenditures, primarily related to construction, expansion, and asset-integrity projects at the West Texas complex, DBM water systems, DBM oil system, and DJ Basin complex;

$18.319.1 million of increases to materials and supplies inventory; and

$12.423.2 million of distributions received from equity investments in excess of cumulative earnings.

Net cash used in investing activities for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2022, primarily included the following:
$84.0191.4 million of capital expenditures, primarily related to construction, expansion, and asset-integrity projects at the West Texas complex, DBM water systems, DJ Basin complex, and DBM oil system;

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$9.95.0 million of capital contributions primarily paid to Red Bluff Express; and

$25.4 million of distributions received from equity investments in excess of cumulative earnings; and

$4.1 million of decreases to materials and supplies inventory.earnings.

Financing activities. Net cash used in financing activities for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2023, primarily included the following:
$595.0 million of repayments of outstanding borrowings under the RCF;

$548.2 million of distributions paid to WES unitholders and noncontrolling interest owners;

$213.1 million to redeem the total principal amount outstanding on the Floating-Rate Senior Notes due 2023 at par value;

$203.1110.2 million to purchase and retire portions of distributions paid tocertain of WES unitholders and noncontrolling interest owners;

$100.0 million of repayments of outstanding borrowings under the RCF;Operating’s senior notes via open-market repurchases;

$7.1 million of unit repurchases;

$740.9 million of net proceeds from the 6.150% Senior Notes due 2033 issued in April 2023, which were used to repay borrowings under the RCF and for general partnership purposes; and

$220.0 million of borrowings under the RCF, which were used for general partnership purposes.

Net cash used in financing activities for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2022, primarily included the following:
$139.5883.5 million to redeem the total principal amount outstanding of WES Operating’s 4.000% Senior Notes due 2022 and repay borrowings under the RCF;

$340.9 million of distributions paid to WES unitholders andunitholders;

$79.2 million of unit repurchases;

$8.8 million of distributions paid to the noncontrolling interest owners;owner of WES Operating;

$3.2 million of distributions paid to the noncontrolling interest owner of Chipeta;

$634.0 million of borrowings under the RCF, which were used for general partnership purposes and to redeem portions of certain of WES Operating’s senior notes; and

$5.113.0 million of unit repurchases.increases in outstanding checks.

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Debt and credit facilities. As of March 31,June 30, 2023, the carrying value of outstanding debt was $6.7$6.8 billion, we have no borrowings due within the next year, and have $1.5$2.0 billion of available borrowing capacity under WES Operating’s $2.0 billion RCF. In April
During the second quarter of 2023, weWES Operating (i) completed the public offering of $750.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.150% Senior Notes due 2033, (ii) repaid all outstanding borrowings under the RCF with proceeds from the senior note offering, and (iii) entered into an amendment to our RCF to, among other things, extend the maturity date to April 2028 and provide for a maximum borrowing capacity up to $2.0 billion through the maturity date.date, and (iii) purchased and retired $117.6 million of certain of its senior notes via open-market repurchases.
In May 2023, Fitch Ratings upgraded WES Operating’s long-term debt from “BB+” to “BBB-.” WES Operating’s senior unsecured debt ratings is now investment grade at Standard and Poor’s, Moody’s Investors Services, and Fitch Ratings. As a result of the upgrade, annualized borrowing costs will decrease by $6.9 million on WES Operating’s senior notes that are subject to effective interest-rate adjustments from a change in credit rating.
Subsequent to June 30, 2023, WES Operating purchased and retired $159.1 million of certain of its senior notes via open-market repurchases.
For additional information on our senior notes and the RCF, see Note 9—Debt and Interest Expense in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Offload commitments. During the year ended December 31, 2022, weWe have entered into offload agreements with third parties providing firm-processing capacity through 2025. As of March 31,June 30, 2023, we have future minimum payments under offload agreements totaling $12.4$9.2 million for the remainder of 2023 and a total of $10.5$11.7 million in years thereafter.

Pipeline commitments. We have entered into transportation contracts with volume commitments on multiple pipelines through 2033. As of June 30, 2023, we have estimated future minimum-volume-commitment fees totaling $3.1 million for the remainder of 2023, and a total of $51.7 million in years thereafter.

Credit risk. We bear credit risk through exposure to non-payment or non-performance by our counterparties, including Occidental, financial institutions, customers, and other parties. Generally, non-payment or non-performance results from a customer’s inability to satisfy payables to us for services rendered, minimum-volume-commitment deficiency payments owed, or volumes owed pursuant to gas- or NGLs-imbalance agreements. We examine and monitor the creditworthiness of customers and may establish credit limits for customers. We are subject to the risk of non-payment or late payment by producers for gathering, processing, transportation, and disposal fees. Additionally, we continue to evaluate counterparty credit risk and, in certain circumstances, are exercising our rights to request adequate assurance.
We expect our exposure to the concentrated risk of non-payment or non-performance to continue for as long as our commercial relationships with Occidental generate a significant portion of our revenues. While Occidental is our contracting counterparty, gathering and processing arrangements with affiliates of Occidental on most of our systems include not just Occidental-produced volumes, but also, in some instances, the volumes of other working-interest owners of Occidental who rely on our facilities and infrastructure to bring their volumes to market. See Note 5—Related-Party Transactions in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.
Our ability to make cash distributions to our unitholders may be adversely impacted if Occidental becomes unable to perform under the terms of gathering, processing, transportation, and disposal agreements.

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ITEMS AFFECTING THE COMPARABILITY OF FINANCIAL RESULTS WITH WES OPERATING

Our consolidated financial statements include the consolidated financial results of WES Operating. Our results of operations do not differ materially from the results of operations and cash flows of WES Operating, which are reconciled below.

Reconciliation of net income (loss). The differences between net income (loss) attributable to WES and WES Operating are reconciled as follows:
Three Months Ended
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
thousandsthousandsMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2022thousandsJune 30, 2023March 31, 2023June 30, 2023June 30, 2022
Net income (loss) attributable to WESNet income (loss) attributable to WES$203,645 $336,324 $308,717 Net income (loss) attributable to WES$252,921 $203,645 $456,566 $615,034 
Limited partner interest in WES Operating not held by WES (1)
Limited partner interest in WES Operating not held by WES (1)
4,161 6,883 6,317 
Limited partner interest in WES Operating not held by WES (1)
5,185 4,161 9,346 12,584 
General and administrative expenses (2)
General and administrative expenses (2)
232 892 741 
General and administrative expenses (2)
1,186 232 1,418 1,362 
Other income (expense), netOther income (expense), net(25)(27)(3)Other income (expense), net(129)(25)(154)(7)
Income taxes — 
Net income (loss) attributable to WES OperatingNet income (loss) attributable to WES Operating$208,013 $344,079 $315,772 Net income (loss) attributable to WES Operating$259,163 $208,013 $467,176 $628,973 

(1)Represents the portion of net income (loss) allocated to the limited partner interest in WES Operating not held by WES. A subsidiary of Occidental held a 2.0% limited partner interest in WES Operating for all periods presented.
(2)Represents general and administrative expenses incurred by WES separate from, and in addition to, those incurred by WES Operating.

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Reconciliation of net cash provided by (used in) operating and financing activities. The differences between net cash provided by (used in) operating and financing activities for WES and WES Operating are reconciled as follows:
Three Months Ended 
March 31,
Six Months Ended 
June 30,
thousandsthousands20232022thousands20232022
WES net cash provided by operating activitiesWES net cash provided by operating activities$302,424 $276,458 WES net cash provided by operating activities$793,247 $743,439 
General and administrative expenses (1)
General and administrative expenses (1)
232 741 
General and administrative expenses (1)
1,418 1,362 
Non-cash equity-based compensation expense
Non-cash equity-based compensation expense
(141)(131)
Non-cash equity-based compensation expense
(287)(276)
Changes in working capitalChanges in working capital(11,522)(6,948)Changes in working capital(14,327)(7,835)
Other income (expense), netOther income (expense), net(25)(3)Other income (expense), net(154)(7)
WES Operating net cash provided by operating activitiesWES Operating net cash provided by operating activities$290,968 $270,117 WES Operating net cash provided by operating activities$779,897 $736,683 
WES net cash provided by (used in) financing activitiesWES net cash provided by (used in) financing activities$(297,257)$(158,591)WES net cash provided by (used in) financing activities$(535,282)$(677,057)
Distributions to WES unitholders (2)
Distributions to WES unitholders (2)
196,569 134,749 
Distributions to WES unitholders (2)
533,556 340,946 
Distributions to WES from WES Operating (3)
Distributions to WES from WES Operating (3)
(209,242)(137,412)
Distributions to WES from WES Operating (3)
(545,277)(431,653)
Increase (decrease) in outstanding checksIncrease (decrease) in outstanding checks(42)135 Increase (decrease) in outstanding checks 104 
Unit repurchasesUnit repurchases7,061 5,149 Unit repurchases7,102 79,217 
OtherOther11,950 6,085 Other13,415 7,007 
WES Operating net cash provided by (used in) financing activitiesWES Operating net cash provided by (used in) financing activities$(290,961)$(149,885)WES Operating net cash provided by (used in) financing activities$(526,486)$(681,436)

(1)Represents general and administrative expenses incurred by WES separate from, and in addition to, those incurred by WES Operating.
(2)Represents distributions to WES common unitholders paid under WES’s partnership agreement. See Note 3—Partnership Distributions and Note 4—Equity and Partners’ Capital in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.
(3)Difference attributable to elimination in consolidation of WES Operating’s distributions on partnership interests owned by WES. See Note 3—Partnership Distributions and Note 4—Equity and Partners’ Capital in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.


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Noncontrolling interest. WES Operating’s noncontrolling interest consists of the 25% third-party interest in Chipeta. See Note 1—Description of Business and Basis of Presentation in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

WES Operating distributions. WES Operating distributes all of its available cash on a quarterly basis to WES Operating unitholders in proportion to their share of limited partner interests in WES Operating. See Note 3—Partnership Distributions in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make informed judgments and estimates that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the amounts of revenues and expenses recognized during the periods reported. There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting estimates from those disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

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Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Commodity-price risk. There have been no significant changes to our commodity-price risk discussion from the disclosure set forth under Part II, Item 7A in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, except as noted below and in Outlook under Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q.
For the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2023, 95% of our wellhead natural-gas volume (excluding equity investments) and 100% of our crude-oil and produced-water throughput (excluding equity investments) were serviced under fee-based contracts. A 10% increase or decrease in commodity prices would not have a material impact on our operating income (loss), financial condition, or cash flows for the next 12 months, excluding the effect of imbalances.

Interest-rate risk. The Federal Open Market Committee increased its target range seven times for the federal funds rate in 2022 and increased its target range twicethree times during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2023. Any future increases in the federal funds rate likely will result in an increase in financing costs. As of March 31,June 30, 2023, weWES Operating had $495.0 million ofno outstanding borrowings under the RCF that bear interest at a rate based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) or an alternative base rate at WES Operating’s option. While a 10% change in the applicable benchmark interest rate would not materially impact interest expense on our outstanding borrowings at March 31,June 30, 2023, it would impact the fair value of the senior notes.
Additional variable-rate debt may be issued in the future, either under the RCF or other financing sources, including commercial paper borrowings or debt issuances.

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Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of WES’s general partner and WES Operating GP (for purposes of this Item 4, “Management”) performed an evaluation of WES’s and WES Operating’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. WES’s and WES Operating’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that are filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in the reports that are filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, Management concluded that WES’s and WES Operating’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31,June 30, 2023.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There wereOn April 1, 2023, WES and WES Operating implemented a new Enterprise Resource Planning (“ERP”) system. As a result of this implementation, certain internal controls over financial reporting have been automated, modified, or implemented to address the new environment associated with the implementation of this type of system. While WES and WES Operating believe that this system will strengthen the internal control system, there are inherent risks in implementing any new system and WES and WES Operating will continue to evaluate these control changes as part of their assessments of internal control over financial reporting. Other than the ERP implementation, there have been no changes in WES’sWES or WES Operating’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2023, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, WES or WES Operating’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, WES’s or WES Operating’s internal control over financial reporting.most recent fiscal quarter.

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PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.  Legal Proceedings

On July 1,In 2020, the U.S. Department of Justice, on behalf of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”), and the State of Colorado, on behalf of the Colorado Department of Public Health and the Environment (the “CDPHE”) commenced an enforcement action in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado against Kerr-McGee Gathering LLC (“KMG”), a wholly owned subsidiary of WES, for alleged non-compliance with the leak detection and repair requirements of the federal Clean Air Act (“LDAR requirements”)and the Colorado Air Pollution Prevention and Control Act at its Fort Lupton, Platte Valley, and Lancaster facilities in the DJ Basin complex. KMG previously had been in negotiationsWe reached an agreement to resolve these allegations with the EPA and the State of ColoradoCDPHE pursuant to resolve these allegations of non-compliance. Per the complaint, plaintiffs pray for injunctive relief, remedial action, and civil penalties. We reached an agreement with the EPA on a proposed consent decree that was filed with the courtbecame effective on April 20,June 15, 2023. We would expect the consent decree to become effective following a 30-day comment period. While such resolution as proposed will includeincludes an injunctive relief component and payment of a civil penalty, which exceeds the disclosure threshold amount required by Item 103 of Regulation S-K, management believes the resolution of these claims willdid not have a material impact on WES’s results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition.
On October 29, 2020, WGR Operating, LP (“WGR”), on behalf of itself and derivatively on behalf of Mont Belvieu JV, filed suit against Enterprise Products Operating, LLC (“Enterprise”) and Mont Belvieu JV (as a nominal defendant) in the District Court of Harris County, Texas. Our lawsuit seeks a declaratory judgment regarding proper revenue allocation as set forth in the Operating Agreement between Mont Belvieu JV (of which WGR is a 25% owner) and Enterprise (the “Operating Agreement”) related to fractionation trains at the Mont Belvieu complex in Chambers County, Texas. Specifically, the Operating Agreement sets forth a revenue allocation structure, whereby revenue would be allocated to the various fracs at the Mont Belvieu complex in sequential order, with Fracs VII and VIII (which are owned by Mont Belvieu JV) following Fracs I through VI, but preceding any “Later Frac Facilities.” Subsequent to the construction of Fracs VII and VIII, Enterprise built Fracs IX, X, and XI, which it wholly owns, and has treated such subsequent fracs as outside the Mont Belvieu revenue allocation. We do not believe Enterprise’s attempt to bypass the agreed-to revenue allocation is proper under the parties’ agreements and now seek judicial determination. We currently sue only for declaratory judgment to avoid potential future damages. We cannot make any assurances regarding the ultimate outcome of this proceeding and its resulting impact on WGR or WES.
On November 22, 2022, WGR filed suit against Enterprise Crude Oil LLC (“ECO”) in the District Court of Harris County, Texas. Our lawsuit alleges that ECO breached a contract related to the Whitethorn joint venture pursuant to which ECO must share with WGR certain of the profits and losses generated by ECO’s hydrocarbon trading activity conducted utilizing the Whitethorn pipeline. Specifically, we claim that ECO has engaged in trades knowing that the revenue to be realized would be less than the minimum floor set under the contract and has failed to allocate revenues and expenses as prescribed by the contract, resulting in improper losses to WGR. Enterprise has filed a counterclaim to our lawsuit, alleging that, between 2017 and 2019, it had mistakenly overpaid WGR approximately $12.0 million in trading profits and seeking recovery of such amount. We cannot make any assurances regarding the ultimate outcome of this proceeding and its resulting impact on WGR or WES.
Except as discussed above, we are not a party to any legal, regulatory, or administrative proceedings other than proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Management believes that there are no such proceedings for which a final disposition could have a material adverse effect on results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition, or for which disclosure is otherwise required by Item 103 of Regulation S-K.
    
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Item 1A.  Risk Factors

Security holders and potential investors in our securities should carefully consider the risk factors set forth under Part I, Item 1A in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, together with all of the other information included in this document, and in our other public filings, press releases, and public discussions with management.

Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table sets forth information with respect to repurchases made by WES of its common units in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions under the $1.25 billion Purchase Program during the firstsecond quarter of 2023:
PeriodTotal number of units purchasedAverage price paid per unit
Total number of units purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs (1)
Approximate dollar value of units that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (1)
January 1-31, 2023
— $— — $762,409,380 
February 1-28, 2023
— — — 762,409,380 
March 1-31, 2023
285,688 24.72 285,688 755,348,136 
Total285,688 24.72 285,688 
PeriodTotal number of units purchasedAverage price paid per unit
Total number of units purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs (1)
Approximate dollar value of units that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (1)
April 1-30, 2023— $— — $755,348,136 
May 1-31, 20231,634 24.99 1,634 755,307,310 
June 1-30, 2023— — — 755,307,310 
Total1,634 24.99 1,634 

(1)In 2022, the Board authorized WES to buy back up to $1.25 billion of our common units through December 31, 2024. See Note 4—Equity and Partners’ Capital in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for additional details.

Item 5.  Other Information

On May 2, 2023, Anadarko E&P Onshore LP,Insider Trading Arrangements

Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act provides an affirmative defense that enables prearranged transactions in securities in a subsidiarymanner that avoids concerns about initiating transactions at a future date while possibly in possession of Occidental (“AEP”),material nonpublic information. Our Insider Trading Policy permits our directors and DBM enteredexecutive officers to enter into an amendment (the “Gas Gathering Agreement Amendment”)trading plans designed to that certain Gas Gathering Agreement (“Gas Gathering Agreement”) between AEP and DBM, dated October 8, 2018, pursuant to whichcomply with Rule 10b5-1. During the parties agreed to, among other things, extend the primary term of the Gas Gathering Agreement to be through at least December 31, 2035, with the ability to extend the term up to six additional years, dependent upon concurrent extensions of AEP’s Delaware Basin gas processing contract.
The above summary of the Gas Gathering Agreement Amendment is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Gas Gathering Agreement Amendment, a copy of which will be filed with the Form 10-Q for the quarterly periodthree months ended June 30, 2023.2023, none of our executive officers or directors adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan or adopted or terminated a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K).
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Item 6.  Exhibits

Exhibits designated by an asterisk (*) are filed herewith and those designated with asterisks (**) are furnished herewith; all exhibits not so designated are incorporated herein by reference to a prior filing as indicated.

Exhibit Index
Exhibit
Number
Description
#2.1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
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Exhibit
Number
Description
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
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Exhibit
Number
Description
4.19
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.23
4.24
10.1
*31.1
*31.2
*31.3
*31.4
**32.1
**32.2
*101.INSXBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
*101.SCHInline XBRL Schema Document
*101.CALInline XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document
*101.DEFInline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document
*101.LABInline XBRL Label Linkbase Document
*101.PREInline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document
*104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
Exhibit
Number
Description
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
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Exhibit
Number
Description
4.19
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.23
4.24
10.1
*31.1
*31.2
*31.3
*31.4
**32.1
**32.2
*101.INSXBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
*101.SCHInline XBRL Schema Document
*101.CALInline XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document
*101.DEFInline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document
*101.LABInline XBRL Label Linkbase Document
*101.PREInline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document
*104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

#Pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K, the registrant agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
Portions of this exhibit have been omitted as confidential pursuant to Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K or a request for confidential treatment.
Management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements required to be filed pursuant to Item 15.
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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, hereunto duly authorized.

WESTERN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, LP
May 3,August 8, 2023
/s/ Michael P. Ure
Michael P. Ure
President and Chief Executive Officer
Western Midstream Holdings, LLC
(as general partner of Western Midstream Partners, LP)
May 3,August 8, 2023
/s/ Kristen S. Shults
Kristen S. Shults
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Western Midstream Holdings, LLC
(as general partner of Western Midstream Partners, LP)
WESTERN MIDSTREAM OPERATING, LP
May 3,August 8, 2023
/s/ Michael P. Ure
Michael P. Ure
President and Chief Executive Officer
Western Midstream Operating GP, LLC
(as general partner of Western Midstream Operating, LP)
May 3,August 8, 2023
/s/ Kristen S. Shults
Kristen S. Shults
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Western Midstream Operating GP, LLC
(as general partner of Western Midstream Operating, LP)
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