UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

____________________________

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017

Commission File Number 001-31932     

_______________________

CATASYS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

_______________________

11601 WilshireBoulevard, Suite1100, Los Angeles, California 90025

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(310) 444-4300

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes☑          No☐Yes   ☑          No   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    

Yes☑          No☐Yes   ☑          No   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “large accelerated filer,’’“smaller reporting company,” and “smaller reporting“emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes☐            No☑Yes   ☐            No   ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company  ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

As of November 11, 2016,May 12, 2017, therewere 55,173,458shares15,874,678shares of the registrant's common stock, $0.0001 par value, per share, outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

In this report,Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, except as otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, the terms “we,” “us” “our” or the “Company” refer to Catasys, Inc. and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. Our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, is referred to as “common stock.”

Item 1.     Financial Statements

CATASYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

*The financial statements have been retroactively restated to reflect the 6-for-1 reverse-stock split that occurred on April 25, 2017.

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

CATASYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited)

*The financial statements have been retroactively restated to reflect the 6-for-1 reverse-stock split that occurred on April 25, 2017.

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

CATASYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Catasys, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

2017 or until we complete a public offering, whichever comes first.

Note 5. Restatement of Financial Statements

Item 2.     Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements, including the related notes, and the other financial information includedelsewherein this report.In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this report and our annual report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

2016.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

This report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 with respect to the financial condition, results of operations, business strategies, operating efficiencies or synergies, competitive positions, growth opportunities for existing products, plans and objectives of management, markets for our stock and other matters. Statements in this report that are not historical facts are hereby identified as “forward-looking statements” for the purpose of the safe harbor provided by Section 21E of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Such forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, those relating to the future business prospects, our revenue and income, wherever they occur, are necessarily estimates reflecting the best judgment of our senior management as of the date on which they were made, or if no date is stated, as of the date of this report. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in the “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20152016 and other reports we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), that may affect the operations, performance, development and results of our business. Because the factors discussed in this report could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which factors will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. We assume no obligation and do not intend to update these forward looking statements, except as required by law.

OVERVIEW

General

We provide data analytics based specialized behavioral health management and integrated treatment services to health plans through our OnTrak solution. Our OnTrak solution is designed to improve member health and at the same time lower costs to the insurer for underserved populations where behavioral health conditions are causing or exacerbating co-existing medical conditions. The program utilizes proprietary analytics, member engagement and patient centric treatment that integrates evidence-based medical and psychosocial interventions along with care coaching in a 52-week outpatient program. Our initial focus was members with substance use disorders. Starting in the second quarter of 2015,disorders, but we have expanded our solution to include depressionassist members with anxiety and anxiety disorders.depression. We currently operate our OnTrak solutions in Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia and Wisconsin. We provide services to commercial (employer funded), managed Medicare Advantage, and managed Medicaid and duel eligible (Medicare and Medicaid) populations.

Recent Developments

New Directors

On March 11, 2017, our Board of Directors appointed Marc Cummins and Richard J. Berman to serve on our Board of Directors and our Audit Committee, effective immediately. There are no arrangements or understandings between Messrs. Cummins or Berman and any other person pursuant to which they were appointed as our directors. There are no transactions to which we are a party and in which Messrs. Cummins or Berman have a material interest that are required to be disclosed under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K. Mr. Cummins previously served on our Board of Directors until his resignation on December 15, 2010, and Mr. Berman has not previously held any position at the Company. Neither individual has family relations with any of our directors or executive officers.

Amendments to Outstanding Warrants and Extension of Existing Debentures

In August 2016,March 2017, we entered into subscription agreementsamendments with threethe holders of certain outstanding warrants issued on April 17, 2015 and July 30, 2015 to eliminate certain anti-dilution provisions in such warrants, which caused us to reflect an associated liability of $12.8 million on our balance sheet as of March 31, 2017. Such amendments did not take effect until April 28, 2017.  For each warrant share underlying the warrants so amended, the holder received the right to purchase an additional .2 shares of common stock. Two of the holders of such warrants, which owners hold warrants to purchase an aggregate of 11,049 shares of common stock, did not agree to the amendment. The warrant holders agreeing to the amendment include Acuitas Group Holdings, LLC (“Acuitas”), one hundred percent (100%) of which is owned by Terren S. Peizer, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and another accredited investors, including Shamus (collectively,investor.

Additionally, in March 2017, we and the “Investors”),holders of an aggregate of approximately $10 million of our existing convertible debentures agreed to extend the maturity dates of such debentures until April 28, 2017. 

Reverse Stock Split

On April 21, 2017, we filed a certificate of amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation, as amended and in effect, with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, implementing a 1-for-6 reverse stock split of the Company's common stock, pursuant to which each six shares of issued and outstanding common stock converted into one share of common stock. Proportionate voting rights and other rights of common stock holders will not be affected by the reverse stock split.  No fractional shares of common stock were issued as a result of the reverse stock split; stockholders were paid cash in lieu of any such fractional shares. The 1-for-6 reverse stock split became effective at 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on April 24, 2017, and our common stock began trading on the OTCQB Marketplace on a post-split basis at the open of trading on April 25, 2017. Our post-reverse split common stock has a new CUSIP number: 149049 504. Other terms of the common stock are not affected by the reverse stock split.  The common stock will continue to trade under the symbol "CATS." 

All stock options and warrants to purchase common stock outstanding and our Common Stock reserved for issuance under the Company's equity incentive plans immediately prior to the reverse stock split were appropriately adjusted by dividing the number of affected shares of common stock by six and, as applicable, multiplying the exercise price by six as a result of the reverse stock split.

Public Offering

On April 25, 2017, we entered into an underwriting agreement with Joseph Gunnar & Co., LLC, as underwriter in connection with a public offering of the Company’s securities. Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, we agreed to issue and sell an aggregate of 3,125,000 shares of Common Stock at a public offering price of $4.80 per share, and the purchase price to the underwriter after discounts and commissions was $4.464 per share. The closing of the offering occurred on April 28, 2017. The Company received $14.8 million in net proceeds in connection with this offering.

Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, we issued to the Investors short-term senior promissory notesunderwriter a warrant for the purchase of an aggregate of 156,250 shares of Common Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $100. The exercise price of the warrant is equal to 125% of the public offering price in the aggregate principal amountoffering, or $6.00 per share of $2.8 million (the “August 2016 Notes”) and five-year warrantsCommon Stock.

NASDAQ Uplisting

In connection with the public offering, our Common Stock began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “CATS” beginning on April 26, 2017.

Exercise of Over-Allotment Option

Pursuant to the underwriting with Joseph Gunnar & Co., LLC dated April 25, 2017, we agreed to issue to the underwriters a 45-day over-allotment option to purchase up to an aggregate of 875,000468,750 additional shares of our common stock,Common Stock at the public offering price less the applicable underwriter discount. On May 2, 2017, the underwriter acquired an exercise price of $1.10 per share (the “August 2016 Warrants”).additional 303,750 shares pursuant to such over-allotment option.

The August 2016 Warrants include price protection provisions pursuant to which, subject to certain exempt issuances, the then exercise price of the August 2016 Warrants will be adjusted, in the event we issue shares of our common stock for consideration per share less than the then exercise price of the August 2016 Warrants, to the lowest consideration per share for the shares issued or sold in such transaction. The price protection will be in effect until the earliest of (i) the termination date of the August 2016 Warrants, (ii) such time as the Warrants are exercised or (iii) contemporaneously with the listing of our shares of common stock on a registered national securities exchange.

In addition, in August 2016, Acuitas agreed to exchange its July 2016 Promissory Note for short-term senior promissory notes, in the aggregate principal amount of $2.8 million plus accrued interest, in the form substantially identical to the form of the August 2016 Notes. Acuitas also agreed to exchange certain of its outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,028,029 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.33 per share for warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,993,561 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.10 per share, in the form substantially identical to the form of the August 2016 Warrants.

Operations

We currently operate our OnTrak solutions in Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia and Wisconsin. We provide services to commercial (employer funded), managed Medicare Advantage, and managed Medicaid and duel eligible (Medicare and Medicaid) populations. We have generated increasing fees from our launched programs and expect to launch additional customers and increase enrollment and fees throughout 2016.2017. However, there can be no assurance that we will generate such fees or that new programs will launch as we expect.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Table of Summary Consolidated Financial Information

The table below and the discussion that follows summarize our results of consolidated operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015:March 31, 2016:

Summary of Consolidated Operating Results

Loss from operations before provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 was $7.4 million and $16.4$21.8 million, compared with a net loss of $7.5 million and $8.3$4.3 million for the same periodsperiod in 2015, respectively.2016. The difference primarily relates to the increase in the loss from change in fair value of warrant liability, the increase in the loss from change in fair value of the derivative liability, the loss on exchange of warrants, and anthe increase in interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, compared to the same periodsperiod in 2015.2016.

Revenues

During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, we have launchedexpanded OnTrak infor one customer into two new populations,lines of business and have continued to increase enrollment, which was offset to some extent by two customers exiting certain health exchange and Medicaid markets, which has resulted in a significantnet increase in the number of patients enrolled in our programssolutions compared with the same period in 2015.2016. For the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, enrollment increased by more than 59%13% over the same period in 2015.2016. Recognized revenue increased by $798,000 and $1.8$1.1 million, or 148% and 128%150%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, compared with the same periodsperiod in 2015, respectively.2016. We reserve a portion, and in some cases all, of the revenuefees we receive related to these contractsenrolled members, as the revenue isfees are subject to performance guarantees or in the instance ofare received as case rates received upon enrollment and other fees in advance at the time of enrollment. Fees deferred for performance guarantees are recognized when those guarantees are satisfied and fees received in advance are recognized ratably over the period of enrollment. Deferred revenue increased by $1.5 million from$418,000 since December 31, 2015, and was $3.2 million as of September 30, 2016.

Cost of Healthcare Services

Cost of healthcare services consistconsists primarily of salaries related to our care coaches, healthcare provider claims payments to our network of physicians and psychologists, and fees charged by our third party administrators for processing these claims.  The increase of $533,000 and $1.7 million$399,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, compared with the same periodsperiod in 2015, respectively,2016, relates primarily to the increase in the number of members being treated, the addition of care coaches, andoutreach staff, community care coordinators to ourand other staff to manage the increasing number of enrolled members, and themembers. In addition, ofwe hire staff in preparation for anticipated future customer contracts and corresponding increases in members eligible for OnTrak. The costs for such staff are included in Cost of Healthcare Services during training and ramp-up periods.

General and Administrative Expenses

Total general and administrative expense increased by $227,000$443,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and decreased by $606,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, compared with the same periodsperiod in 2015, respectively.2016. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2016increase was due primarily due to a decreasean increase in share-based compensation expense related to stock options issued to our board of directors during 2015,legal and investor relations services and legal services.during the first quarter of 2017.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization was immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016, and 2015, respectively.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased by $2.0$2.5 million and $1.8 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017, compared with the same periodsperiod in 2015, respectively.2016. The increase relatesrelated to the issuance of warrants as part of our January 2017 financings as well as interest related to the AugustDecember 2016 financing during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.and January 2017 Convertible Debentures.

Loss on Exchange of Warrant

The lossconversion of $4.4 million on the exchange of warrants related to the exchange of 21,277,220 warrants for 21,277,220 shares of common stock in May 2015 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Change in fair value of derivative liabilitynote

The change in fair value Loss on conversion of derivative liabilities decreased by $1.5 million fornote relates to the three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased by $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the same period in 2015. The derivative liability was the resultconversion of a portion of the issuance of the July 2015December 2016 Convertible Debenture.Debentures. No such conversion occurred during 2016.

We will continue to mark-to-market the derivative liability to market value each quarter-end until they are completely settled.

Change in fair value of warrant liability

We have issued warrants to purchase common stock in December 2011, February 2012, April 2015, July 2015, August 2016, December 2016, January 2017, February 2017, and August 2016.March 2017. The warrants are being accounted for as liabilities in accordance with FASB accounting rules, due to anti-dilution provisions in somethe warrants that protect the holders from declines in our stock price and a requirement to deliver registered shares upon exercise of the warrants, which is considered outside our control.  The warrants are marked-to-market each reporting period, using the Black-Scholes pricing model, until they are completely settled or expire.

The increase in the loss from change in fair value for the warrants was $416,000$5.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, and a decrease of $10.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 compared with the same period in 2015.2016.

We will continue to mark-to-market the warrants to market value each quarter-endquarter until they are completely settled or expire.

Change in fair value of derivative liability

The increase in the loss from change in fair value of derivative liabilities was $9.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared with the same period in 2016. The derivative liability was the result of the issuance of the July 2015 Convertible Debenture.

We will continue to mark-to-market the derivative liability each quarter until they are completely settled.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity and Going Concern

As of November 11, 2016,May 12, 2017, we had a balance of approximately $950,000$10.1 million cash on hand. We had a working capital deficit of approximately $20.8$32.4 million as of September 30, 2016.at March 31, 2017. We have incurred significant operating losses and negative operating cash flows since our inception. We could continue to incur negative cash flows and operating losses for the next twelve months. Our current cash burn rate is approximately $450,000$488,000 per month.month, excluding non-current accrued liability payments. In April 2017, we closed on a public offering for aggregate gross proceeds of $16.5 million prior to deducting underwriter discounts, commission and other estimated offering expenses. We expect our current cash resources to cover expenses into December 2016; however, delays in cash collections, revenue, or unforeseen expenditures could impact this estimate.We are in need of additional capital; however, there is no assurance that additional capital can be timely raised in an amount which is sufficient for us or on terms favorable to us and our stockholders, ifthrough at all. If we do not obtain additional capital, there is significant doubt as to whether we can continue to operate as a going concern and we will need to curtail or cease operations or seek bankruptcy relief. If we discontinue operations, we may not have sufficient funds to pay any amounts to our stockholders.

In August 2016, we entered into subscription agreements with three accredited investors, including Shamus (collectively,least the “Investors”), pursuant to which we issued to the Investors short-term senior promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $2.8 million and five-year warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 875,000 shares of our common stock, at an exercise price of $1.10 per share (the “August 2016 Warrants”).next twelve months.

Our ability to fund our ongoing operations and continue as a going concern is dependent on increasing the number of members that are eligible for our programs by signing new contracts and generating fees from existing and new contracts and the success of management’s plans to increase revenue and continue to control expenses. We currently operate in Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia and Wisconsin. We provide services to commercial (employer funded), managed Medicare Advantage and managed Medicaid populations.  We have generated fees from our launched programs and expect to increase enrollment and fees throughout 2016. However, there can be no assurance that we will generate such fees or that new programs will launch as we expect. We are in need of additional capital, however; there is no assurance that additional capital can be timely raised in an amount which is sufficient for us or on terms favorable to us and our stockholders, if at all. If we do not obtain additional capital, there is a significant doubt as to whether we can continue to operate as a going concern and we will need to curtail or cease operations or seek bankruptcy relief. If we discontinue operations, we may not have sufficient funds to pay any amounts to our stockholders.

Cash Flows

We used $4.5$1.6 million of cash forfrom operating activities during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 compared with $3.9$1.5 million in the same period in 2015, respectively.2016. The increase in cash used in operating activities reflects the increase in the number of members being treated, the addition of care coaches and communityclinical care coordinators to our staff to manage the increasing number of enrolled members, and the additionexpansion of staffour program in preparation for anticipated future increases inKansas to cover high cost members eligible for OnTrak.with anxiety disorders. Significant non-cash adjustments to operating activities for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 included share-based compensation expense of $523,000, amortization of debt discount and issuance costs of $3.7 million, anda fair value adjustment on derivative liability of $6.3$10.6 million, offset by a fair value adjustment on warrant liability of $673,000.$5.2 million, a loss on conversion of note of $926,000, and issuance costs of $2.6 million related to the January 2017 Convertible Debenture.

Capital expenditures for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 were not material. We anticipate that capital expenditures will increase in the future as we replace our computer systems that are reaching their useful lives, upgrade equipment to support our increased number of enrolled members, and enhance the reliability and security of our systems. These future capital expenditure requirements will depend upon many factors, including obsolescence or failure of our systems, progress with expanding the adoption of our solution, andsolutions, our marketing efforts, the necessity of, and time and costs involved in obtaining, regulatory approvals, competing technological and market developments, and our ability to establish collaborative arrangements, effective commercialization, marketing activities and other arrangements.

Our net cash provided by financing activities was $5.5$1.1 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, compared with net cash provided by financing activities of $3.5 million$858,000 for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2015.March 31, 2016. Cash provided by financing activities for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 consisted of the net proceeds from the promissory notesconvertible debenture provided by Acuitas Group Holdings, LLC (“Acuitas”), one hundred percent (100%) of which is owned by Terren S. Peizer, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, in March, April, May, June and July 2016, and the proceeds from the senior promissory notes provided by investors in August 2016January 2017, leaving a balance of $52,000$291,000 in cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2016.as of March 31, 2017.

As discussed above, we currently expend cash at a rate of approximately $450,000$488,000 per month. We also anticipate cash inflow to increase during 20162017 as we continue to service our executed contracts and sign new contracts. We expect our current cash resources to cover our operations into December 2016;through at least the next twelve months; however, delays in cash collections, revenue, or unforeseen expenditures could impact this estimate. We are in need of additional capital; however, there is no assurance that additional capital can be timely raised in an amount which is sufficient for us or on terms favorable to us and our stockholders, if at all. If we do not obtain additional capital, there is a significant doubt as to whether we can continue to operate as a going concern and we will need to curtail or cease operations or seek bankruptcy relief. If we discontinue operations, we may not have sufficient funds to pay any amounts to our stockholders.

OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

As of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that may not be readily apparent from other sources. On an on-going basis, we evaluate the appropriateness of our estimates and we maintain a thorough process to review the application of our accounting policies. Our actual results may differ from these estimates.

We consider our critical accounting estimates to be those that (1) involve significant judgments and uncertainties, (2) require estimates that are more difficult for management to determine, and (3) may produce materially different results when using different assumptions. We have discussed these critical accounting estimates, the basis for their underlying assumptions and estimates and the nature of our related disclosures herein, with the audit committee of our Board of Directors. We believe our accounting policies related to the fair value of warrants, the estimation of the fair value of our derivative liabilities,liability, and share-based compensation expense, involve our most significant judgments and estimates that are material to our consolidated financial statements. They are discussed further below.

Warrant Liabilities

We have issued warrants to purchase common stock in December 2011, February 2012, April 2015, July 2015, August 2016, September 2016, January 2017, February 2017 and August 2016.March 2017. The warrants are being accounted for as liabilities in accordance with FASB accounting rules, due to anti-dilution provisions in some warrants that protect the holders from declines in our stock price and a requirement to deliver registered shares upon exercise of the warrants, which is considered outside our control.  The warrants are marked-to-market each reporting period, using the Black-Scholes pricing model, until they are completely settled or expire.

       The warrant liabilities were calculated using the Black-Scholes model based upon the following assumptions:

For the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016, we recognized a gainloss of $1.4$5.2 million and $673,000, respectively, compared with a gain of $1.0 million and $10.9 million for the same periods in 2015,$228,000, respectively, related to the revaluation of our warrant liabilities.

We will continue to mark the warrants to market value each reporting period, using the Black-Scholes pricing model until they are completely settled or expire.

Derivative Liabilities

In July 2015, we entered into a $3.55 million 12% Original Issue Discount Convertible Debenture due January 18, 2016 with Acuitas (the “July 2015 Convertible Debenture”). The conversion price of the July 2015 Convertible Debenture was $1.90$11.40 per share, subject to adjustments, including for issuances of common stock and common stock equivalents below the then current conversion or exercise price, as the case may be.price.  In October 2015, we entered into an amendment of the July 2015 Convertible Debenture which extended the maturity date of the July 2015 Convertible Debenture from January 18, 2016 to January 18, 2017. In addition, the conversion price of the July 2015 Convertible Debenture was subsequently adjusted to $0.30$1.80 per share. The July 2015 Convertible Debenture is unsecured, bears interest at a rate of 12% per annum payable in cash or shares of common stock, subject to certain conditions, at our option, and is subject to mandatory prepayment upon the consummation of certain future financings. The derivative liability associated with the July 2015 Convertible Debenture was calculated using the Black-Scholes model based upon the following assumptions:

The expected volatility assumption for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was based on the historical volatility of our stock, measured over a period generally commensurate with the expected term. The weighted average expected lives in years for 2015 reflect the application of the simplified method set out in Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 107 (and as amended by SAB 110), which defines the life as the average of the contractual term of the options and the weighted average vesting period for all option tranches. We use historical data to estimate the rate of forfeitures assumption for awards granted to employees.

For the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016, we recognized a loss of $3.5$10.6 million and $6.3$1.3 million respectively, compared with a $5.0 million loss for the same periods in 2015, related to the revaluation of our derivative liability.liability, respectively.

Share-based compensation expense

We account for the issuance of stock, stock options, and warrants for services from non-employees based on an estimate of the fair value of options and warrants issued using the Black-Scholes pricing model. This model’s calculations include the exercise price, the market price of shares on grant date, weighted average assumptions for risk-free interest rates, expected life of the option or warrant, expected volatility of our stock and expected dividend yield.

The amounts recorded in the financial statements for share-based compensation expense could vary significantly if we were to use different assumptions. For example, the assumptions we have made for the expected volatility of our stock price have been based on the historical volatility of our stock, measured over a period generally commensurate with the expected term. If we were to use a different volatility than the actual volatility of our stock price, there may be a significant variance in the amounts of share-based compensation expense from the amounts reported. The weighted average expected option term for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016, and 2015,respectively, reflects the application of the simplified method set out in SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, which defines the life as the average of the contractual term of the options and the weighted average vesting period for all option tranches.

From time to time, we retain terminated employees as part-time consultants upon their resignation from the Company. Because the employees continue to provide services to us, their options continue to vest in accordance with the original terms. Due to the change in classification of the option awards, the options are considered modified at the date of termination. The modifications are treated as exchanges of the original awards in return for the issuance of new awards. At the date of termination, the unvested options are no longer accounted for as employee awards and are accounted for as new non-employee awards. The accounting for the portion of the total grants that have already vested and have been previously expensed as equity awards is not changed. There were no employees moved to consulting status for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016, and 2015.respectively.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In April 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-10,Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)(“ASU 2016-10”), which amends certain aspects of the Board’s new revenue standard, ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The standard should be adopted concurrently with adoption of ASU 2014-09, which is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has not yet selected a transition method nor has it determined the effect of the standard on its ongoing financial reporting.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting(“ASU 2016-09”), which outlines new provisions intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for share-based payments and their presentation in the financial statements. The standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted.The adoption of ASU 2016-09 did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial positon or results of operations.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU,Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis (“ASU 2015-02”). ASU 2015-02 modifies existing consolidation guidance for reporting organizations that are required to evaluate whether they should consolidate certain legal entities. ASU 2015-02 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2015, and requires either a retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adoptions. EarlyThe adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of this standardASU 2015-02 did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements, as well as the available transition methods.position or results of operations.

In August 2014, the FASB issued FASB ASU 2014-15,Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern(“ASU 2014-15”).ASU 2014-15 changes to the disclosure of uncertainties about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. Under U.S. GAAP, continuation of a reporting entity as a going concern is presumed as the basis for preparing financial statements unless and until the entity’s liquidation becomes imminent. Even if an entity’s liquidation is not imminent, there may be conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. Because there is no guidance in U.S. GAAP about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern or to provide related note disclosures, there is diversity in practice whether, when, and how an entity discloses the relevant conditions and events in its financial statements. As a result, these changes require an entity’s management to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that financial statements are issued. Substantial doubt is defined as an indication that it is probable that an entity will be unable to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that financial statements are issued. If management has concluded that substantial doubt exists, then the following disclosures should be made in the financial statements: (i) principal conditions or events that raised the substantial doubt, (ii) management’s evaluation of the significance of those conditions or events in relation to the entity’s ability to meet its obligations, (iii) management’s plans that alleviated the initial substantial doubt or, if substantial doubt was not alleviated, management’s plans that are intended to at least mitigate the conditions or events that raise substantial doubt, and (iv) if the latter in (iii) is disclosed, an explicit statement that there is substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. ASU 2014-15 is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The adoption of ASU 2013-15 will2014-15 did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Item 3.     Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable.

Item 4.     Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls

We have evaluated, with the participation of our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) as of September 30, 2016.March 31, 2017. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer have concluded that, as of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Controlover Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 1.     Legal Proceedings

None.

Item 1A.    Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.10-K, except for those under the subheading “Risks related to our common stock,” which section is hereby amended and restated in its entirety.

Our common stock has limited trading volume, and is therefore susceptible to high price volatility.

Our common stock is quoted on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “CATS” and has limited trading volume. As such, our common stock is susceptible to significant and sudden price changes. The liquidity of our common stock depends upon the presence in the marketplace of willing buyers and sellers. We cannot assure you that you will be able to find a buyer for your shares. We could also subsequently fail to satisfy the standards for listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market, such as standards having to do with a minimum share price, the minimum number of public shareholders or the aggregate market value of publicly held shares. Any holder of our securities should regard them as a long-term investment and should be prepared to bear the economic risk of an investment in our securities for an indefinite period. 

Failure to maintain effective internal controls could adversely affect our operating results and the market for our common stock.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that we maintain internal controls over financial reporting that meet applicable standards. As with many smaller companies with small staff, material weaknesses in our financial controls and procedures may be discovered. If we are unable, or are perceived as unable, to produce reliable financial reports due to internal control deficiencies, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information and operating results, which could result in a negative market reaction and adversely affect our ability to raise capital.

We executed a reverse stock split in order to up-list to the NASDAQ Capital Market.The reduction in our outstanding shares may result in reduced liquidity for all stockholders and in increased volatility in our stock price over time.

The reduced trading volume which results from the decreased number of shares that are publically held may make it more difficult to buy or sell our stock, even though we are listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market. The reduced volume of stock trades that may result as a consequence of the reverse stock split may also increase the volatility of our stock price over time.

If we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, our common stock may be delisted and the price of our common stock and our ability to access the capital markets could be negatively impacted.

Our common stock is currently listed for trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market. We must satisfy NASDAQ’s continued listing requirements or risk delisting, which would have a material adverse effect on our business. A delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market could materially reduce the liquidity of our common stock and result in a corresponding material reduction in the price of our common stock. In addition, delisting could harm our ability to raise capital through alternative financing sources on terms acceptable to us, or at all, and may result in the potential loss of confidence by investors, suppliers, customers and employees and fewer business development opportunities.

 We cannot be sure that our share price will comply with the requirements for continued listing of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the future, or that we will comply with the other continued listing requirements. If our shares of Common Stock lose their status on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we believe that our shares of Common Stock would likely be eligible to be quoted on the OTCQB. Our shares of Common Stock may also be quoted on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board, an electronic quotation service maintained by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. These markets are generally not considered to be as efficient as, and not as broad as, the NASDAQ Capital Market. Selling our shares of Common Stock on these markets could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, and transactions could be delayed. In addition, in the event our shares of Common Stock are delisted, broker-dealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our Common Stock, further limiting the liquidity of our Common Stock. These factors could result in lower prices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our Common Stock.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about us, if they change their recommendations regarding our stock adversely or if our operating results do not meet their expectations, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock is influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us. If analysts do not publish research reports or one or more of these analysts who were publishing research cease coverage of us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline. Moreover, if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock or if our operating results do not meet their expectations, our stock price could decline.

Approximately61% of our outstanding common stock is beneficially owned by our chairman and chief executive officer, who has the ability to substantially influence the election of directors and other matters submitted to stockholders.

10,467,797 shares are beneficially held of record by Acuitas, whose sole managing member is our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, which represents beneficial ownership of approximately 61% of our outstanding shares of common stock. As a result, he has and is expected to continue to have the ability to significantly influence the election of our Board of Directors and the outcome of all other matters submitted to our stockholders. His interest may not always coincide with our interests or the interests of other stockholders, and he may act in a manner that advances his best interests and not necessarily those of other stockholders. One consequence to this substantial influence or control is that it may be difficult for investors to remove management of our Company. It could also deter unsolicited takeovers, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over then current market prices.

Our stock price may be subject to substantial volatility, and the value of our stockholders' investment may decline.

The price at which our common stock will trade may fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including the number of shares available for sale in the market, quarterly variations in our operating results and actual or anticipated announcements of our OnTrak solution, announcements regarding new or discontinued OnTrak solution contracts, new products or services by us or competitors, regulatory investigations or determinations, acquisitions or strategic alliances by us or our competitors, recruitment or departures of key personnel, the gain or loss of significant customers, changes in the estimates of our operating performance, actual or threatened litigation, market conditions in our industry and the economy as a whole.

Numerous factors, including many over which we have no control, may have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock, including:

Furthermore, stockholders may initiate securities class action lawsuits if the market price of our stock drops significantly, which may cause us to incur substantial costs and could divert the time and attention of our management.

Future sales of common stock by existing stockholders, or the perception that such sales may occur, could depress our stock price.

The market price of our common stock could decline as a result of sales by, or the perceived possibility of sales by, our existing stockholders. We have completed a number of private placements of our common stock and other securities over the last several years, and we have effective resale registration statements pursuant to which the purchasers can freely resell their shares into the market. In addition, most of our outstanding shares are eligible for public resale pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. As of May 12, 2017, approximately 11.2 million shares of our common stock are held by our affiliates and may be sold pursuant to an effective registration statement or in accordance with the volume and other limitations of Rule 144 or pursuant to other exempt transactions. Future sales of common stock by significant stockholders, including those who acquired their shares in private placements or who are affiliates, or the perception that such sales may occur, could depress the price of our common stock.

Future issuances of common stock and hedging activities may depress the trading price of our common stock.

Any future issuance of equity securities, including upon satisfaction of our obligations, compensation of vendors, exercise of outstanding warrants, or effectuation of a stock split, could dilute the interests of our existing stockholders, and could substantially decrease the trading price of our common stock. As of May 12, 2017, we have outstanding options to purchase approximately 243,853 shares of our common stock and warrants to purchase approximately 1,921,528 shares of our common stock at prices ranging from $1.80 to $6,360.00 per share. We may issue equity securities in the future for a number of reasons, including to finance our operations and business strategy, in connection with acquisitions, to adjust our ratio of debt to equity, to satisfy our obligations upon the exercise of outstanding warrants or options or for other reasons.

There may be future sales or other dilution of our equity, which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

In the future, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private financing, which might include sales of equity securities. The issuance of any additional shares of common stock or securities convertible into, exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive common stock or the exercise of such securities could be substantially dilutive to holders of shares of our common stock. Holders of shares of our common stock have no preemptive rights that entitle holders to purchase their pro rata share of any offering of shares of any class or series. The market price of our common stock could decline as a result of sales of shares of our common stock made after this offering or the perception that such sales could occur. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus, our stockholders bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common stock and diluting their interests in our Company.

Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and Delaware law could discourage a change in control, or an acquisition of us by a third party, even if the acquisition would be favorable to you.

Our certificate of incorporation and the Delaware General Corporation Law contain provisions that may have the effect of making more difficult or delaying attempts by others to obtain control of our Company, even when these attempts may be in the best interests of stockholders. For example, our certificate of incorporation authorizes our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval, to issue one or more series of preferred stock, which could have voting and conversion rights that adversely affect or dilute the voting power of the holders of common stock. Delaware law also imposes conditions on certain business combination transactions with “interested stockholders.” These provisions and others that could be adopted in the future could deter unsolicited takeovers or delay or prevent changes in our control or management, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over then current market prices. These provisions may also limit the ability of stockholders to approve transactions that they may deem to be in their best interests.

We do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.

We have paid no cash dividends on our common stock to date, and we intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to fund the continued development and growth of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Further, any payment of cash dividends will also depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and other factors, including contractual restrictions to which we may be subject, and will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors.

If persons engage in short sales of our common stock, the price of our common stock may decline.

Selling short is a technique used by a stockholder to take advantage of an anticipated decline in the price of a security. In addition, holders of options and warrants will sometimes sell short knowing they can, in effect, cover through the exercise of an option or warrant, thus locking in a profit. A significant number of short sales or a large volume of other sales within a relatively short period of time can create downward pressure on the market price of a security. Further sales of common stock issued upon exercise of our outstanding warrants could cause even greater declines in the price of our common stock due to the number of additional shares available in the market upon such exercise, which could encourage short sales that could further undermine the value of our common stock. You could, therefore, experience a decline in the value of your investment as a result of short sales of our common stock.

A number of our outstanding warrants contain anti-dilution provisions that, if triggered, could cause substantial dilution to our then-existing stockholders and adversely affect our stock price.

A number of our outstanding warrants contain anti-dilution provisions. As a result, if we, in the future, issue or grant any rights to purchase any of our common stock or other securities convertible into our common stock for a per share price less than the exercise price of our warrants, the exercise price, or in the case of some of our warrants the exercise price and number of shares of common stock, will be reduced. If our available funds and cash generated from operations are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements in the future, then we may need to raise substantial additional funds in the future to support our working capital requirements and for other purposes. If shares of our common stock or securities exercisable for our common stock are issued in consideration of such funds at an effective per share price lower than our existing warrants, then the anti-dilution provisions would be triggered, thus possibly causing substantial dilution to our then-existing shareholders if such warrants are exercised. Such anti-dilution provisions may also make it more difficult for us to obtain financing.

The exercise of our outstanding warrants may result in a dilution of our current stockholders' voting power and an increase in the number of shares eligible for future resale in the public market,which may negatively impact the market price of our stock.

The exercise of some or all of our outstanding warrants could significantly dilute the ownership interests of our existing stockholders. As of May 12, 2017, we had outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,921,528 shares of common stock at exercise prices ranging from $1.80 to $18.00 per share. To the extent warrants are exercised, additional shares of common stock will be issued, and such issuance may dilute existing stockholders and increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market.

In addition to the dilutive effects described above, the exercise of those warrants would lead to a potential increase in the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market. Sales of substantial numbers of such shares in the public market could adversely affect the market price of our shares.

Item 2.     Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

In July 2016,On January 31, 2017, we amendedentered into a subscription agreement with Acuitas pursuant to which we received gross proceds of $1,300,000 in consideration for the issuance of (i) an 8% Series B Convertible Debenture due March 31, 2017 and restated the June 2016 Promissory Note to increase the amount by $570,000, for a total of $2.8 million (the “July 2016 Promissory Note”). In connection with the amendment, we issued Acuitasii) five-year warrants to purchase an additional 431,818 shares of ourthe Company’s common stock in an amount equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the initial number of shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of the convertible debenture, at an exercise price of $0.33$0.85 per share,share. In addition, any warrants issued in conjunction with the bridge notes currently outstanding with Acuitas were increased by an additional 25% warrant coverage. The warrants included a mechanism pursuant to which, warrants include, subject to certain exception, full-ratchet anti-dilution protection (the “July 2016 Warrants”).

In August 2016, we entered into subscription agreements with three accredited investors, including Shamus (collectively,exempt issuances, the “Investors”), pursuant to which we issued to the Investors short-term senior promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $2.8 million (the “August 2016 Notes”) and five-year warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 875,000 shares of our common stock, at an exercise price of $1.10 per share (the “August 2016 Warrants”).

In addition, in August 2016, Acuitas agreed to exchange its July 2016 Promissory Note for short-term senior promissory notes, inwould be adjusted if the aggregate principal amount of $2.8 million plus accrued interest, in the form substantially identical to the form of the August 2016 Notes. Acuitas also agreed to exchange certain of its outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,028,029 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.33 per share for warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,993,561Company issues shares of common stock at anbelow the exercise price of $1.10 per share, in the form substantially identical to the form of the August 2016 Warrants.price.

The warrants were issued without registration pursuant to exemption afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Item 3.     Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.     Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5.     Other Information

None.

Item 6.     Exhibits

* filed herewith.

** furnished herewith.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

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