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UNITED STATES

securities and exchange commissionSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

form 10-qFORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

[ X ]☒

 quarterly report pursuant to sectionQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 orOR 15(d(d) ofOF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended

SeptemberJune 30, 20172023

OR

[    ]☐

transition report pursuant to sectionTRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 orOR 15 (d) of theOF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from     to    

For the transition period fromto
Commission file number001-31830

 

Cathay General BancorpCATHAY GENERAL BANCORP

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware 95-4274680

(State of other jurisdiction of incorporation

or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

777 North Broadway, Los Angeles, California 90012
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

  

Registrant's telephone number, including area code:Registrant's telephone number, including area code:(213) 625-4700(213) 625-4700

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock

CATY

Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑☒                  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☑☒                  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large“large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☑  ☒ 

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Smaller reporting company

☐		☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐                  No ☑☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’sissuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

 

Common stock, $.01 par value, 80,819,96772,563,187 shares outstanding as of OctoberJuly 31, 2017.2023.

 

 
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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARSUBSIDIARIESies

3RD2quarterND 2017QUARTER 2023 REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

table of contentsTABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PART I –

FINANCIAL INFORMATION		2
Item 1.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONSTATEMENTS (Unaudited)32
 

Item 1.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

3

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

67

Item 2.

MANAGEMENT’SMANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

4032

Item 3.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

6449

Item 4.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

6549
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION50

PART II  –

Item 1. 

OTHER INFORMATIONLEGAL PROCEEDINGS

6650
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS50

Item 1.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

66

Item 1A.

RISK FACTORS

66

Item 2.

UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

7650

Item 3.

DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

7651

Item 4.

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

6751

Item 5.

OTHER INFORMATION

6751

Item 6.

EXHIBITS

6751
SIGNATURES52

SIGNATURES

68

 

 
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Forward-Looking Statements

 

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the term “Bancorp” refers to Cathay General Bancorp and the term “Bank” refers to Cathay Bank. The terms “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Bancorp and the Bank collectively.

 

The statements in this report include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the applicable provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 regarding management’s beliefs, projections, and assumptions concerning future results and events. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provision for forward-looking statements in these provisions. All statements other than statements of historical fact are “forward-looking statements” for purposes of federal and state securities laws, including statements about anticipated future operating and financial performance, financial position and liquidity, growth opportunities and growth rates, growth plans, acquisition and divestiture opportunities, business prospects, strategic alternatives, business strategies, financial expectations, regulatory and competitive outlook, loan and deposit growth, investment and expenditure plans, financing needs and availability, level of nonperforming assets, and other similar forecasts and statements of expectation and statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Words such as “aims,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “hopes,” “intends,” “may,” “optimistic,” “plans,” “potential,” “possible,” “predicts,” “projects,” “seeks,” “shall,” “should,” “will,” and variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements by us are based on estimates, beliefs, projections, and assumptions of management and are not guarantees of future performance. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and uncertaintiesother factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or projections. Such risks, and uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to, adverse developments or conditions related to or arising from:

to:

 

 

●

U.S.local, regional, national and international businesseconomic and economic conditions;market conditions and events and the impact they may have on us, our clients and our operations, assets and liabilities;

 

●

possible additional provisions for loan lossesthe impact on our business, operations, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, prospects and charge-offs;trading prices of our shares arising out of the COVID-19 pandemic and its related economic impacts;

 

●

possible additional provisions for loan losses and charge-offs;

●

credit risks of lending activities and deterioration in asset or credit risks of lending activities and deterioration in asset or credit quality;

 

●

extensive laws and regulations and supervision thatthat we are subject to, including potential supervisory action by bank supervisory authorities;

 

●

increased costs of compliance and other risks associated with changes in regulation, includingregulation;

●

higher capital requirements from the implementation of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”);Basel III capital standards;

 

●

higher capital requirements fromcompliance with the implementation of the Basel III capital standards;Bank Secrecy Act and other money laundering statutes and regulations;

 

●

compliance with the Bank Secrecy Act and other money laundering statutes and regulations;potential goodwill impairment;

 

●

potential goodwill impairment;liquidity risk;

 

●

liquidity risk;fluctuations in interest rates;

 

●

fluctuations in interest rates;risks associated with acquisitions and the expansion of our business into new markets;

 

●

risks associated with acquisitionsinflation and the expansion of our business into new markets;deflation;

 

●

inflationreal estate market conditions and deflation;the value of real estate collateral;

 

●

real estate market conditions and the value of real estate collateral;

1
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●environmental liabilities;

environmental liabilities;

●

our ability to compete, including against larger competitors;

 

●

our ability to retain key personnel;generate anticipated returns from our investments and/or financings in certain tax advantaged-projects;

 

●

successful management of reputational risk;our ability to compete with larger competitors;

●

our ability to retain key personnel;

●

successful management of reputational risk;

 

●

natural disasters, public health crises (including the occurrence of a contagious disease or illness) and geopolitical events;

 

●

general economicfailures, interruptions, or business conditions in Asia, and other regions where the Bank has operations;security breaches of our information systems;

●

failures, interruptions, or security breaches of our information systems;

 

●

our ability to adapt our systems to technological changes;the expanding use of technology in banking;

●

risk management processes and strategies;

 

●

risk management processes and strategies;adverse results in legal proceedings;

●

adverse results in legal proceedings;

 

●

the impact of regulatory enforcementenforcement actions, if any;

●

certain provisions in our charter and bylaws that may affect acquisition of the Company;

 

●

certain provisionschanges in our charteraccounting standards or tax laws and bylaws that may affect acquisition of the Company;regulations;

 

●

changes in accounting standards or tax lawsmarket disruption and regulations;volatility;

●

market disruption and volatility;

 

●

fluctuations in the Bancorp’sBancorp’s stock price;

 

●

restrictionsrestrictions on dividends and other distributions by laws and regulations and by our regulators and our capital structure;

 

●

●issuances of preferred stock;

issuances of preferred stock;

 

●

capital level requirements and successfullysucessfully raising additional capital, if needed, and the resulting dilutiondilution of interests of holders of ourBancorp common stock; and

 

●

the soundness of other financial institutions.

 

These and other factors are further described in Bancorp’sBancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162022 (Item 1A in particular), other reports and registration statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and other filings Bancorp makes with the SEC from time to time. Actual results in any future period may also vary from the past results discussed in this report. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak to the date of this report.statements. We have no intention and undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or to announce publicly announce any revision of any forward-looking statement to reflect future developments, events, occurrences or events,circumstances after the date of such statement, except as required by law.

 

Bancorp’sBancorp’s filings with the SEC are available at the website maintained by the SEC at http://www.sec.gov, or by request directed to Cathay General Bancorp, 9650 Flair Drive, El Monte, California 91731, Attention: Investor Relations (626) 279-3286.279-3296.

 

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

 

CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIESSUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

 

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

 

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

 
 

June 30, 2023

  

December 31, 2022

 
         

(In thousands, except share data)

 

Assets

            

Cash and due from banks

 $167,886  $218,017  $187,886  $195,440 

Short-term investments and interest bearing deposits

  573,059   967,067 

Securities available-for-sale (amortized cost of $1,364,955 in 2017 and $1,317,012 in 2016)

  1,368,487   1,314,345 

Loans held for sale

  -   7,500 

Short-term investments and interest-bearing deposits

 1,294,379  966,962 

Securities available-for-sale (amortized cost of $1,629,357 at June 30, 2023 and $1,622,173 at December 31, 2022)

 1,487,321  1,473,348 

Loans

  12,597,434   11,201,275  18,952,794  18,254,024 

Less: Allowance for loan losses

  (121,535)  (118,966) (155,109) (146,485)

Unamortized deferred loan fees, net

  (3,424)  (4,994)  (9,497)  (6,641)

Loans, net

  12,472,475   11,077,315  18,788,188  18,100,898 

Equity securities

 37,674  22,158 

Federal Home Loan Bank stock

  30,681   17,250  25,242  17,250 

Other real estate owned, net

  18,115   20,070  4,067  4,067 

Affordable housing investments and alternative energy partnerships, net

  298,426   251,077  323,984  327,128 

Premises and equipment, net

  107,954   105,607  92,090  94,776 

Customers’ liability on acceptances

  12,009   12,182 

Customers’ liability on acceptances

 4,364  2,372 

Accrued interest receivable

  42,190   37,299  86,211  82,428 

Goodwill

  372,189   372,189  375,696  375,696 

Other intangible assets, net

  9,408   2,949  4,992  5,757 

Right-of-use assets - operating leases

 31,399  29,627 

Other assets

  255,538   117,902   284,945   250,069 

Total assets

 $15,728,417  $14,520,769  $23,028,438  $21,947,976 
         

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

            

Deposits

        

Deposits:

 

Non-interest-bearing demand deposits

 $2,730,006  $2,478,107  $3,561,237  $4,168,989 

Interest-bearing deposits:

         

Demand deposits

  1,379,100   1,230,445 

NOW deposits

 2,404,470  2,509,736 

Money market deposits

  2,370,724   2,198,938  3,033,868  3,812,724 

Savings deposits

  925,312   719,949  1,131,602  1,000,460 

Time deposits

  5,156,553   5,047,287   8,965,826   7,013,370 

Total deposits

  12,561,695   11,674,726  19,097,003  18,505,279 
        

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

  100,000   350,000 

Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank

  595,000   350,000  815,000  485,000 

Other borrowings of affordable housing investments

  17,518   17,662  22,428  22,600 

Long-term debt

  119,136   119,136  119,136  119,136 

Deferred payments from acquisition

  136,056   - 

Acceptances outstanding

  12,009   12,182  4,364  2,372 

Lease liabilities - operating leases

 33,870  32,518 

Other liabilities

  218,304   168,524   333,966   307,031 

Total liabilities

  13,759,718   12,692,230   20,425,767   19,473,936 

Commitments and contingencies

  -   -   —    —  

Stockholders’ Equity

            

Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 89,027,259 issued and 80,816,616 outstanding at September 30, 2017, and 87,820,920 issued and 79,610,277 outstanding at December 31, 2016

  890   878 

Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 91,286,722 issued and 72,563,169 outstanding at June 30, 2023, and 91,090,614 issued and 72,742,151 outstanding at December 31, 2022

 913  911 

Additional paid-in-capital

  932,521   895,480  983,233  981,119 

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net

  (217)  (3,715)

Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net

 (99,049) (102,295)

Retained earnings

  1,275,094   1,175,485  2,384,817  2,244,856 

Treasury stock, at cost (8,210,643 shares at September 30, 2017, and at December 31, 2016)

  (239,589)  (239,589)

Treasury stock, at cost (18,723,553 shares at June 30, 2023, and 18,348,463 shares at December 31, 2022)

  (667,243)  (650,551)

Total equity

  1,968,699   1,828,539   2,602,671   2,474,040 

Total liabilities and equity

 $15,728,417  $14,520,769  $23,028,438  $21,947,976 

  

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIESSUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)(Unaudited)

 

 

Three months ended September 30,

  

Nine months ended September 30,

  

Three months ended June 30,

  

Six months ended June 30,

 
 

2017

  

2016

  

2017

  

2016

  

2023

  

2022

  

2023

  

2022

 
 

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

  

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

 

Interest and Dividend Income

                        

Loans receivable, including loan fees

 $146,383  $118,500  $401,129  $349,212 

Loans receivable

 $273,478  $181,022  $534,657  $347,116 

Investment securities

  5,692   4,850   14,817   16,974  12,370  5,748  24,134  10,576 

Federal Home Loan Bank and FRB stock

  607   393   1,317   1,122 

Term federal funds sold

  108   -   108   - 

Federal Home Loan Bank stock

 298  255  602  516 

Deposits with banks

  1,288   412   3,140   1,094   13,959   2,508   26,098   3,271 

Total interest and dividend income

  154,078   124,155   420,511   368,402   300,105   189,533   585,491   361,479 
                

Interest Expense

                        

Time deposits

  11,678   10,701   33,429   32,177  79,975  5,724  144,149  11,784 

Other deposits

  5,101   4,212   14,245   11,783  30,659  6,895  54,476  12,023 

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

  874   3,828   3,489   11,696 

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank

  872   134   1,465   442  5,498  312  8,096  455 

Long-term debt

  1,456   1,456   4,320   4,336  1,552  1,439  2,995  2,863 

Deferred payments from acquisition

  901   -   901   - 

Short-term debt

  888   —   1,807   — 

Total interest expense

  20,882   20,331   57,849   60,434   118,572   14,370   211,523   27,125 
                

Net interest income before reversal for credit losses

  133,196   103,824   362,662   307,968 

Reversal for loan losses

  -   -   (2,500)  (15,650)

Net interest income after reversal for credit losses

  133,196   103,824   365,162   323,618 
                

Net interest income before provision for credit losses

 181,533  175,163  373,968  334,354 

Provision for credit losses

  9,155   2,500   17,255   11,143 

Net interest income after provision for credit losses

  172,378   172,663   356,713   323,211 

Non-Interest Income

                        

Securities gains/(losses), net

  24   1,692   (439)  3,141 

Net gains/(losses) from equity securities

 10,663  (955) 15,516  5,019 

Securities losses, net

 —  —  (3,000) — 

Letters of credit commissions

  1,302   1,212   3,618   3,698  1,664  1,602  3,234  3,158 

Depository service fees

  1,407   1,401   4,259   4,109  1,641  1,632  3,473  3,303 

Gain from acquisition

  5,440   -   5,440   - 

Wealth management fees

 3,639  3,956  7,536  8,310 

Other operating income

  4,788   4,506   12,953   14,461   5,503   8,383   10,595   15,060 

Total non-interest income

  12,961   8,811   25,831   25,409   23,110   14,618   37,354   34,850 
                

Non-Interest Expense

                        

Salaries and employee benefits

  27,913   22,881   79,929   71,313  37,048  37,301  75,274  72,776 

Occupancy expense

  5,312   4,734   14,733   13,587  5,528  5,562  11,032  11,175 

Computer and equipment expense

  2,643   2,337   7,895   7,360  4,227  3,297  8,512  6,253 

Professional services expense

  4,942   4,999   14,541   13,981  8,900  7,704  16,306  14,401 

Data processing service expense

  2,918   2,279   7,846   6,556  3,672  3,420  7,396  6,329 

FDIC and regulatory assessments

  2,552   2,288   7,261   7,640  3,012  2,194  6,167  3,996 

Marketing expense

  2,103   1,516   4,833   3,314  2,416  1,740  3,190  2,687 

Other real estate owned expense/(income)

  369   (176)  747   612 

Other real estate owned (income)/expense

 81  (33) 131  38 

Amortization of investments in low income housing and alternative energy partnerships

  5,723   5,432   16,797   35,626  21,746  7,235  37,340  15,522 

Amortization of core deposit intangibles

  281   172   626   517  559  250  809  474 

Acquisition and integration costs

  3,277   -   3,277   - 

Acquisition, integration and restructuring costs

 —  91  —  4,027 

Other operating expense

  3,215   4,275   11,307   10,681   5,632   5,362   9,850   9,142 

Total non-interest expense

  61,248   50,737   169,792   171,187   92,821   74,123   176,007   146,820 
            

Income before income tax expense

  84,909   61,898   221,201   177,840  102,667  113,158  218,060  211,241 

Income tax expense

  35,163   15,808   71,099   50,756   9,447   24,180   28,833   47,235 

Net income

 $49,746  $46,090  $150,102  $127,084  $93,220  $88,978  $189,227  $164,006 
                

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

                

Unrealized holding gain on securities available-for-sale

  1,060   938   3,338   15,748 

Less: reclassification adjustments for gains/(losses) included in net income

  14   981   (254)  1,821 

Unrealized holding gain/(loss) on cash flow hedge derivatives

  157   804   (94)  (3,598)

Total other comprehensive gain, net of tax

  1,203   761   3,498   10,329 
            

Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss), net of tax

        

Net holding (losses)/gains on securities available-for-sale

 (7,531) (26,455) 4,128  (72,421)

Net holding (losses)/gains on cash flow hedge derivatives

  (441)  1,104   (882)  4,158 

Total other comprehensive (loss)/income, net of tax

  (7,972)  (25,351)  3,246   (68,263)

Total other comprehensive income

 $50,949  $46,851  $153,600  $137,413  $85,248  $63,627  $192,473  $95,743 

Net income per common share:

                

Net Income Per Common Share:

        

Basic

 $0.62  $0.58  $1.87  $1.61  $1.29  $1.19  $2.61  $2.18 

Diluted

 $0.61  $0.58  $1.86  $1.59  $1.28  $1.18  $2.60  $2.17 

Cash dividends paid per common share

 $0.21  $0.18  $0.63  $0.54  $0.34  $0.34  $0.68  $0.68 

Average common shares outstanding

                

Average Common Shares Outstanding:

        

Basic

  80,665,398   78,865,860   80,073,249   79,147,839  72,536,301  74,958,913  72,534,779  75,144,414 

Diluted

  81,404,854   79,697,069   80,797,179   79,902,846  72,753,746  75,270,140  72,826,301  75,493,516 

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

              

Accumulated

             
  

Common Stock

  

Additional

  

Other

          

Total

 
  

Number of

      

Paid-in

  

Comprehensive

  

Retained

  

Treasury

  

Stockholders'

 

Three months ended

 

Shares

  

Amount

  

Capital

  

loss

  

Earnings

  

Stock

  

Equity

 
  

(In thousands, except share data)

 

Balance at March 31, 2023

  72,390,694  $911  $983,534  $(91,077) $2,316,258  $(667,287) $2,542,339 

Dividend Reinvestment Plan

  26,852   1   915   —   —   —   916 

Restricted stock units vested

  120,263   1   —   —   —   —   1 

Stock issued to directors

  25,360   —   849   —   —   —   849 

Shares withheld related to net share settlement of RSUs

  —   —   (3,512)  —   —   —   (3,512)

Purchases of treasury stock

  —   —   —   —   —   44   44 

Stock-based compensation

  —   —   1,447   —   —   —   1,447 

Cash dividends of $0.34 per share

  —   —   —   —   (24,661)  —   (24,661)

Other comprehensive loss

  —   —   —   (7,972)  —   —   (7,972)

Net income

  —   —   —   —   93,220   —   93,220 

Balance at June 30, 2023

  72,563,169  $913  $983,233  $(99,049) $2,384,817  $(667,243) $2,602,671 

              

Accumulated

             
  

Common Stock

  

Additional

  

Other

          

Total

 
  

Number of

      

Paid-in

  

Comprehensive

  

Retained

  

Treasury

  

Stockholders'

 
  

Shares

  

Amount

  

Capital

  

Income

  

Earnings

  

Stock

  

Equity

 
  

(In thousands, except share data)

 

Balance at March 31, 2022

  75,078,258  $909  $974,748  $(45,977) $2,034,681  $(542,131) $2,422,230 

Dividend Reinvestment Plan

  21,847   —   927   —   —   —   927 

Restricted stock units vested

  51,997   1   —   —   —   —   1 

Stock issued to directors

  19,780   —   849   —   —   —   849 

Shares withheld related to net share settlement of RSUs

  —   —   (1,730)  —   —   —   (1,730)

Purchases of treasury stock

  (749,998)  —   —   —   —   (30,588)  (30,588)

Stock-based compensation

  —   —   1,753   —   —   —   1,753 

Cash dividends of $0.34 per share

  —   —   —   —   (25,537)  —   (25,537)

Other comprehensive loss

  —   —   —   (25,351)  —   —   (25,351)

Net income

  —   —   —   —   88,978   —   88,978 

Balance at June 30, 2022

  74,421,884  $910  $976,547  $(71,328) $2,098,122  $(572,719) $2,431,532 

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIESSUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

  

Common Stock

  

Additional

  

Other

          

Total

 
  

Number of

      

Paid-in

  

Comprehensive

  

Retained

  

Treasury

  

Stockholders'

 

Six months ended

 

Shares

  

Amount

  

Capital

  

loss

  

Earnings

  

Stock

  

Equity

 
  

(In thousands, except share data)

 

Balance at December 31, 2022

  72,742,151  $911  $981,119  $(102,295) $2,244,856  $(650,551) $2,474,040 

Dividend Reinvestment Plan

  49,872   1   1,833   —   —   —   1,834 

Restricted stock units vested

  120,876   1   —   —   —   —   1 

Stock issued to directors

  25,360   —   850   —   —   —   850 

Shares withheld related to net share settlement of RSUs

  —   —   (3,527)  —   —   —   (3,527)

Purchases of treasury stock

  (375,090)  —   —   —   —   (16,692)  (16,692)

Stock-based compensation

  —   —   2,958  ��—   —   —   2,958 

Cash dividends of $0.68 per share

  —   —   —   —   (49,266)  —   (49,266)

Other comprehensive income

  —   —   —   3,246   —   —   3,246 

Net income

  —   —   —   —   189,227   —   189,227 

Balance at June 30, 2023

  72,563,169  $913  $983,233  $(99,049) $2,384,817  $(667,243) $2,602,671 

              

Accumulated

             
  

Common Stock

  

Additional

  

Other

          

Total

 
  

Number of

      

Paid-in

  

Comprehensive

  

Retained

  

Treasury

  

Stockholders'

 
  

Shares

  

Amount

  

Capital

  

Income or (loss)

  

Earnings

  

Stock

  

Equity

 
  

(In thousands, except share data)

 

Balance at December 31, 2021

  75,750,862  $909  $972,474  $(3,065) $1,985,168  $(509,235) $2,446,251 

Dividend Reinvestment Plan

  43,262   —   1,872   —   —   —   1,872 

Restricted stock units vested

  62,905   1   —   —   —   —   1 

Stock issued to directors

  19,780   —   849   —   —   —   849 

Shares withheld related to net share settlement of RSUs

  —   —   (2,015)  —   —   —   (2,015)

Purchases of treasury stock

  (1,454,925)  —   —   —   —   (63,484)  (63,484)

Stock-based compensation

  —   —   3,367   —   —   —   3,367 

Cash dividends of $0.68 per share

  —   —   —   —   (51,052)  —   (51,052)

Other comprehensive loss

  —   —   —   (68,263)  —   —   (68,263)

Net income

  —   —   —   —   164,006   —   164,006 

Balance at June 30, 2022

  74,421,884  $910  $976,547  $(71,328) $2,098,122  $(572,719) $2,431,532 

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)(Unaudited)

 

 

Nine months ended September 30

  

Six months ended June 30,

 
 

2017

  

2016

  

2023

  

2022

 
 

(In thousands)

  

(In thousands)

 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

            

Net income

 $150,102  $127,084  $189,227  $164,006 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities:

        

Reversal for loan losses

  (2,500)  (15,650)

Provision for losses on other real estate owned

  889   176 

Deferred tax liability

  10,319   22,483 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

 

Provision for credit losses

 17,255  11,143 

Deferred tax benefit

 (9,132) (1,607)

Depreciation and amortization

  5,416   5,684  4,407  4,575 

Amortization of right-of-use asset

 4,768  5,038 

Change in operating lease liabilities

 1,352  (1,976)

Net gains on sale and transfer of other real estate owned

  (394)  (476) —  (6)

Net gains on sale of loans

  -   (285) —  (1)

Proceeds from sales of loans

  7,500   13,525 

Originations of loans held-for-sale

  -   (12,665)

Proceeds from sales of loan

 —  33 

Loss on sales or disposal of fixed assets

 6  25 

Amortization on alternative energy partnerships, venture capital and other investments

  2,778   27,282  37,340  15,522 

Net loss/(gain) on sales and calls of securities

  438   (3,347)

Net gain on sales of equity securities

 (14) (101)

Amortization/accretion of security premiums/discounts, net

  990   5,193  (2,964) 2,231 

Loss on sales or disposal of fixed assets

  -   19 

Write-down on impaired securities

  -   206 

Stock based compensation and stock issued to officers as compensation

  4,449   3,804 

Unrealized gain on equity securities

 (15,516) (4,919)

Write-off of AFS debt securities

 3,000  — 

Stock-based compensation and stock issued to officers as compensation

 3,808  4,216 

Net change in accrued interest receivable and other assets

  (51,776)  2,101  (50,971) (39,269)
Gain on acquisition (5,440) - 

Net change in other liabilities

  828   (4,537)  29,281   18,538 

Net cash provided by operating activities

  123,599   170,597   211,847   177,448 
         

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

            

Decrease/(increase) in short-term investments

  516,008   (254,877)

Purchase of investment securities available-for-sale

  (450,745)  (690,966) (180,216) (304,445)

Proceeds from sale of investment securities available-for-sale

  99,541   415,543 

Proceeds from repayments, maturities and calls of investment securities available-for-sale

  389,829   585,285  173,010  92,789 

Proceeds from sale of equity securities

 —  553 
Benefits received from bank owned life insurance policies —  1,656 

Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank stock

  -   (1,650) (15,422) — 

Redemptions of Federal Home Loan Bank stock

  6,459   - 

Redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock

 7,430  — 

Net increase in loans

  (686,225)  (853,453) (705,534) (803,082)

Purchase of premises and equipment

  (976)  (3,166) (962) (2,229)

Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment

  -   11 

Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned

  2,186   6,713  —  307 

Net increase in investment in affordable housing and alternative energy partnerships

  (20,867)  (59,844)

Net (increase)/decrease in investment in affordable housing and alternative energy partnerships

 (24,329) 1,467 

Acquisition, net of cash acquired

  (14,309)  -   —   (73,882)

Net cash used for investing activities

  (159,099)  (856,404)  (746,023)  (1,086,866)
         

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

            

Net (decrease)/increase in deposits

  73,120   429,976 

Net decrease in federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase

  (250,000)  (50,000)

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank

  2,608,000   2,730,000 

Repayment of Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings

  (2,393,000)  (2,305,000)

Increase/(decrease) in deposits

 591,689  (346,646)

Net Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank

 330,000  75,000 

Cash dividends paid

  (50,491)  (42,570) (49,266) (51,052)

Purchases of treasury stock

  -   (54,441) (16,692) (63,484)

Proceeds from shares issued under Dividend Reinvestment Plan

  1,849   1,643  1,835  1,873 

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

  1,018   49 

Taxes paid related to net share settlement of RSUs

  (5,127)  (103)  (3,527)  (2,015)

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

  (14,631)  709,554 

(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents

  (50,131)  23,747 

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period

  218,017   180,130 

Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period

 $167,886  $203,877 

Net cash provided/(used) by financing activities

  854,039   (386,324)
      

Increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

 319,863  (1,295,742)

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of the period

  1,162,402   2,449,704 

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of the period

 $1,482,265  $1,153,962 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information

            

Cash paid during the period:

         

Interest

 $58,416  $61,212  $203,611  $26,670 

Income taxes paid

 $62,296  $31,717  $48,712  $40,181 

Non-cash investing and financing activities:

         

Net change in unrealized holding gain on securities available-for-sale, net of tax

 $3,592  $13,927 

Net change in unrealized holding loss on cash flow hedge derivatives

 $(94) $(3,598)

Transfers to other real estate owned from loans held for investment

 $726  $2,698 

Loans transferred from held for sale to held for investment, net

 $-  $1,351 

Loans to facilitate the sale of other real estate owned

 $-  $2,616 

Issuance of stock related to acquisition

 $-  $- 

Net change in unrealized holding gain/(loss) on securities available-for-sale, net of tax

 $4,128  $(72,421)

Net change in unrealized holding (loss)/gain on cash flow hedge derivatives

 $(882) $4,158 

Loans transferred from held-for-investment to held-for-sale

 $—  $32 

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARSUBSIDIARIESIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

 

1.Business

 

Cathay General Bancorp (“(“Bancorp”) is the holding company for Cathay Bank (the “Bank” and, together, with Bancorp, the “Company”), seventen limited partnerships investing in affordable housing investments in which thewhich the Bank is the sole limited partner, Asia Realty Corp. and GBC Venture Capital, Inc. Bancorp also owns 100% of the common stock of five statutory business trusts created for the purpose of issuing capital securities. The Bank was founded in 1962 and offers a wide range of financial services. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023, the Bank operates 2224 branches in Southern California, 1219 branches in Northern California, 129 branches in New York State, three branches in Illinois, three branchesfour in Washington State, two branchesin Illinois, two in Texas, one branch in Maryland, Massachusetts, one branch inNevada, and New Jersey, one branch in Maryland, one branch in Nevada, one branch in Hong Kong, and a representative office in ShanghaiTaipei, Beijing, and in Taipei.Shanghai. Deposit accounts at the Hong Kong branch are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”).

2. Business Combinations

 

2. Business Combinations

On July 14, 2017, the CompanyThe Company’s subsidiary bank, Cathay Bank completed the acquisitionpurchase of SinoPac Bancorp, the parent of Far EastHSBC Bank USA, National Bank (FENB), pursuant toAssociation’s West Coast mass retail market consumer banking business and retail business banking business on February 7, 2022. As a Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 8, 2016, by and between the Company and Bank SinoPac Co. Ltd. Under the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement, the Company purchased all of the issued and outstanding share capital of SinoPac Bancorp for an aggregate purchase price of $351.6 million plus additional post closing payments based on the realization of certain assets of FENB. The Company issued 926,192 shares of common stock as consideration and the remainder of the consideration is payable in cash. Pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement, (i) $100 million of the purchase price was deferred and will be released within one year based on the timing of the contemplated merger of FENB into Cathay Bank and (ii) 10% of the purchase price was held back and will be released over a period of three years following the closingresult of the acquisition, subject to any indemnity claims. Founded in 1974, FENB offers a wide range of financial services. The acquisition allowed the Company to expand its number of branches in  California. As of July 14, 2017, FENB operated nineCathay Bank added 10 retail branches in California and additional loans with a representative office in Beijing. The acquisition will be accounted for asprincipal balance of $646.1 million and deposits with a business combination, subject to the provisionsbalance of ASC 805-10-50, Business Combinations.$575.2 million.

 

The assets and liabilities, both tangible and intangible, were recorded at their estimated fair values as of the July 14, 2017 February 7, 2022 acquisition date. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. We have included the financial results of the business combinations in the condensed consolidated statementConsolidated Statements of incomeOperations and Comprehensive Income beginning on the acquisition date. The purchase accounting adjustments are preliminary and subject to finalization during the one-yearone-year measurement period from the date of the acquisition.

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The fair value of the assets and the liabilities acquired as of July 14, 2017 February 7, 2022 are shown below:

 

  

SinoPac Bancorp

 

Assets acquired:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

 $166,932 

Short-term investments

  122,000 

Securities available-for-sale

  107,934 

Loans

  703,787 

Premises and equipment

  6,198 

Cash surrender value of life insurance

  46,083 

Deferred tax assets, net

  40,136 

Core deposit intangible

  7,144 

Accrued interest receivable and other assets

  9,134 

Total assets acquired

  1,209,348 
     

Liabilities assumed:

    

Deposits

  813,888 

Long-term debt

  30,000 

Accrued interest payable and other liabilities

  5,608 

Total liabilities assumed

  849,496 

Net assets acquired

 $359,852 
     
     

Cash paid

 $181,241 

Fair value of common stock issued

  34,862 

Total consideration paid

 $216,103 
     

Purchase price payable to SinoPac

  138,309 

Total consideration

 $354,412 

Gains on bargain purchase

 $5,440 
  

Balance Sheet

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Assets:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

 $473 

Loans

  641,839 

Right-of-use assets - operating leases

  6,453 

Core deposit intangible

  3,138 

Other

  561 

Total assets

 $652,464 
     

Liabilities assumed:

    

Deposits

 $575,163 

Lease liabilities

  6,453 

Total liabilities assumed

 $581,616 

Net assets acquired

 $70,848 
     
     

Total cash paid at closing

 $74,355 

Goodwill

 $3,507 

 

3.3. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statementsConsolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordanceaccordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X.S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017. 2023. For further information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statementsConsolidated Financial Statements and notesNotes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2022 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2023 (the “2022 Form 10-K”).

 

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statementsConsolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP requires management of the Company to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating tojudgments that affect the reported amountamounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and the disclosureexpenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period.Consolidated Financial Statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company expects that the most significant estimatesestimate subject to change areis the allowance for loan losses, goodwill impairment, and other-than-temporary impairment.losses.

 

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Significant Accounting Policies Update

 

Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulties

Certain loans are modified in the normal course of business for competitive reasons or in conjunction with the Company’s loss mitigation activities. Upon the adoption of ASU 2022-02, the Company applies the general loan modification guidance to modifications made for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Under the general loan modification guidance, a modification is treated as a new loan only if the following two conditions are met: (1) the terms of the new loan are at least as favorable to the Company as the terms for comparable loans to other customers with similar collection risks; and (2) modifications to the terms of the original loan are more than minor. If either condition is not met, the modification is accounted for as the continuation of the existing loan with any effect of the modification treated as a prospective adjustment to the loan’s effective interest rate. A modification may vary by program and by borrower-specific characteristics, and may include rate reductions, term extensions, and payment delays, or any combination thereof, and is intended to minimize the company’s economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. For the Company’s accounting policy related to the loan modifications allowance for loan losses, see Note 9Loans, to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10Q.

4.4. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

Accounting Standards adoptedAdopted in 20172023

 

In March 2016, the FASB issued 2022, ASU 2016-09, “Compensation Stock Compensation2022-02, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 718)326): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures.” ASU 2016-09 changes aspects of2022-02 eliminates the accounting guidance for share-based payment award transactions, including: (1) accounting for income taxes; (2) classification of excess tax benefits on the statement of cash flows; (3) forfeitures; (4) minimum statutory tax withholding requirements; and (5) classification of employee taxes paid on the statement of cash flows when an employer withholds shares for tax-withholding purposes. ASU 2016-09 became effective for interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2017. The method of adoption differs for each of the topics covered by the ASU. The Company elected to apply all topics covered by the ASU on a prospective basis and has elected to continue to estimate forfeitures expected to occurtroubled debt restructurings in determining the amount of compensation cost to be recognized each period.

Under ASU 2016-09, all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies from share based payments are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement instead of the previous accounting which credited excess tax benefits to additional paid-in capital and tax deficiencies as a charge to income tax expense or as an offset to accumulated excess tax benefits, if any. Excess tax benefits or deficiencies are included in income tax expense as discrete items in the period in which they occur. For diluted earnings per share calculations, excess tax benefits are no longer included in assumed proceeds when determining average diluted shares outstanding under the treasury stock method. ASU 2016-09 resulted in a $2.6 million tax benefit from the distribution of restricted stock units in the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Other Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the FASB issued Codification (“ASC”) Subtopic 310-40, Receivables - Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Additionally, ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The new guidance replaces existing revenue recognition guidance2022-02 requires entities to disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for contracts to provide goods or services to customersfinancing receivables and amends existing guidance related to recognition of gains and losses on the sale of certain nonfinancial assets such as real estate. ASU 2014-09 clarifies the principles for recognizing revenue and replaces nearly all existing revenue recognition guidancenet investments in U.S. GAAP. Quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers are also required. ASU 2014-09 as amended by ASU 2015-14, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10 and ASU 2016-12, is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and is applied on either a modified retrospective or full retrospective basis. Our revenue is primarily comprised of net interest income on financial assets and financial liabilities, which is explicitly excluded from the scope of ASU 2014-09, and non-interest income. The Company has completed the assessment phase of implementing this new standard. In the assessment phase, the Company determined which revenue streams are within the scope and those that are excluded from the scope of the new standard. Based on this assessment, the Company concluded that substantially all of the Company's revenues are excluded from the scope of the new standard. For the revenuesleases within the scope of the new standard, the Company concluded that there will not be a material impact under the new standard.

8

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” This update requires an entity to measure equity investments with readily determinable fair values at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. Equity investment without readily determinable fair values will be measured at fair value either upon the occurrence of an observable price change or upon identification of an impairment and any amount by which the carrying value exceeding the fair value will be recognized as an impairment in net income. This update also requires an entity to disclose fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet to measure that fair value using the exit price option. In addition, this update requires separate presentation in comprehensive income for changes in the fair value of a liability and in the balance sheet by measurement category and form of financial asset. ASU 2016-01 becomes effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017.  The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which is intended to increase transparency and comparability in the accounting for lease transactions. ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize all leases longer than twelve months on the consolidated balance sheet as lease assets and lease liabilities and quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding key information about leasing arrangements. Lessor accounting is largely unchanged. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years with an option to early adopt. ASU 2016-02 mandates a modified retrospective transition method for all entities. The Company is evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 and has determined that the majority of our leases are operating leases. We expect, upon adoption, the Company will record a liability for the remaining obligation under the lease agreements and a corresponding right-of-use asset in its consolidated financial statements. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for us on January 1, 2019 and will require transition using a modified retrospective approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “ASC Subtopic 326-20,Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” This update requires an entity to use a broader range of reasonable and supportable forecasts, in addition to historical experience and current conditions, to develop an expected credit loss estimate for financial assets and net investments that are not accounted for- Measured at fair value through net income. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses to the amount by which fair value is below amortized cost.Amortized Cost. ASU 2016-13 becomes2022-02 was effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019.  Theus on January 1, 2023. As part of the adoption, the Company has designated a management teamelected to evaluate ASU 2016-13apply the pending content prospectively and develop an implementation strategy. The Company has not yet determined the effectpractical expedient to exclude the accrued interest receivable balance from the disclosed amortized cost basis of ASU 2016-13 on its accounting policies or the impact on the Company’s consolidatedloan modifications to debtors experiencing financial statements.difficulty, consistent with our ACL approach discussed further below in Note 9.

 

In August 2016, March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement2022-01, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging - Portfolio Layer Method.” Under prior guidance, entities can apply the last-of-layer hedging method to hedge the exposure of Cash Flows – Classificationa closed portfolio of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.” This update provides guidance on eight cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversityprepayable financial assets to fair value changes due to changes in practice related to debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest ratefor a portion of the borrowing, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds fromportfolio that is not expected to be affected by prepayments, defaults, and other events affecting the settlement of insurance claims, proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance policies, distributions received from equity method investees, beneficial interest in securitization transactions, separately identifiable cash flowstiming and application of the predominance principle. The amendments reduce current and potential future diversity in practice. The amendments in this update apply to all entities that are required to present a statement of cash flows under Topic 230. ASU 2016-15 becomes effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements.

9

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Income Taxes – Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory.” This update will allow the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory when the transfer occurs. The amendments in this update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows – Restricted Cash.” This update requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statementamount of cash flows. The amendmentsASU 2022-01 expands the last-of-layer method, which permits only one hedge layer, to allow multiple hedged layers of a single closed portfolio. To reflect that expansion, the last-of-layer method is renamed the portfolio layer method. ASU 2022-01 also (i) expands the scope of the portfolio layer method to include non-prepayable financial assets, (ii) specifies eligible hedging instruments in this update do not provide a definitionsingle-layer hedge, (iii) provides additional guidance on the accounting for and disclosure of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. The amendmentshedge basis adjustments under the portfolio layer method and (iv) specifies how hedge basis adjustments should be considered when determining credit losses for the assets included in this update arethe closed portfolio. ASU 2022-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Adoptionthe Company on January 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2016-18 is 2022-01 did not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidatedour financial statements.

Other Accounting Standards Pending Adoption

 

In January 2017,March 2023, ASU 2023-02, “Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the FASB issuedProportional Amortization Method". ASU 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805) – Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” This update clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. Under the current implementation guidance in Topic 805, there are three elements of a business—inputs, processes, and outputs. While an integrated set of assets and activities (collectively referred to as a “set”) that is a business usually has outputs, outputs are not required to be present. In addition, all the inputs and processes that a seller uses in operating a set are not required if market participants can acquire the set and continue to produce outputs, for example, by integrating the acquired set with their own inputs and processes. The amendments in this update also provide a screen to determine when a set is not a business. The amendments in this update affect all2023-02 permits reporting entities that must determine whether they have acquired or sold a business. The amendments in this update are to be appliedelect to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Adoption of ASU 2017-01 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Testaccount for Goodwill Impairment.” This update simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Adoption of this update is on a prospective basis and the amendments in this update are to be applied to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Adoption of ASU 2017-04 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, "Other Income—Gains and Losses from theDerecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20):Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidanceand Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets.” This update clarifies that a financial asset is within the scope of Subtopic 610-20 if it meets the definition of an in substance nonfinancial asset. The amendments define the term “in substance nonfinancial asset”, in part, as a financial asset promised to a counterparty in a contract if substantially alltheir tax equity investments, regardless of the fair value oftax credit program from which the assets (recognized and unrecognized) thatincome tax credits are promised toreceived, using the counterparty in the contract is concentrated in nonfinancial assets, then all of the financial assets promised to the counterpartyproportional amortization method if certain conditions are in substance nonfinancial assets with the scope of Subtopic 610-20. The amendments in this update clarify that an entity should identify each distinct nonfinancial asset or in substance nonfinancial asset promised to a counterparty and derecognize each asset when a counterparty obtains control of it. The amendments also clarify that an entity should allocate consideration to each distinct asset by applying the guidance in Topic 606 on allocating the transaction price to performance obligations. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Adoption ofmet. ASU 2017-05 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

10

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, “Receivables2023- Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities.” This update amends the amortization period for certain purchased callable debt securities held at a premium. The amendments require the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. The amendments do not require an accounting change for securities held at a discount; the discount continues to be amortized to maturity. This update affects all entities that hold investments in callable debt securities that have an amortized cost basis in excess of the amount that is repayable by the issuer at the earliest call date. This update02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company2023. ASU 2023-02 is currently evaluating thenot expected to have a material impact on itsthe Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

In May 2017,June 2022, ASU 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions.” ASU 2022-03 clarifies that a contractual restriction on the FASB issuedsale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. ASU 2017-09, “Compensation –Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Modification Accounting.”The amendments in this update provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require2022-03 also clarifies that an entity cannot, as a separate unit of account, recognize and measure a contractual sale restriction and requires certain new disclosures for equity securities subject to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. The amendments in this update affect any entity that changes the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. The amendments shouldcontractual sale restrictions. ASU 2022-03 will be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. The amendments in this update are effective for all entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Adoptionus on January 1, 2024 though early adoption is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2017-092022-03 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidatedour financial statements.

5. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

 

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, “Earnings per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)." There are two parts to this update. Part I of this update addresses the complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features. Down round features are features of certain equity-linked instruments that result in the strike price being reduced on the basis of the pricing of future equity offerings. Part II of this update addresses the difficulty in navigating topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, because of the existence of extensive pending content in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. This pending content is the result of the indefinite deferral of accounting requirements about mandatorily redeemable financial instruments of certain nonpublic entities and certain mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for all entities, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. The amendments in part I of this update should be applied in either of the following ways: (i) Retrospectively to outstanding financial instruments with a down round feature by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the statement of financial position as of the beginning of the first fiscal year and interim periods in which the pending content that links to this paragraph is effective; or (ii) Retrospectively to outstanding financial instruments with a down round feature for each prior reporting period presented in accordance with the guidance on accounting changes in paragraphs 250-10-45-5 through 45-10. The amendments to Part II of this update do not require any transition guidance because those amendments do not have an accounting effect. The Company is currently evaluatingmanages its cash and cash equivalents based upon the impactCompany’s operating, investment, and financing activities. Cash and cash equivalents, for the purposes of reporting cash flows, consist of cash and due from banks, short-term investments, and interest-bearing deposits. Cash and due from banks include cash on its consolidatedhand, cash items in transit, cash due from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (“FRBSF”) and other financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivativesinstitutions. Short-term investments and Hedging (Topic 815)”, targeted improvements to accounting for hedging activities. The amendments in this update better align an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentationinterest-bearing deposits include cash placed with other banks with original maturity of hedge results. To meet that objective, the amendments expand and refine hedge accounting for both nonfinancial and financial risk components and align the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. For public business entities, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early application is permitted in any interim period after issuance of the update. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements.three months or less.

 

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The Company had average excess balance with FRBSF of $1.04 billion as of June 30, 2023 and $1.24 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had $80.6 million and $88.9 million, respectively, as cash margin that serves as collateral on deposit in a cash margin account for interest rate swaps of which $3.5 million and $8.2 million is restricted. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company held $41.6 million and $25.4 million, respectively, in a restricted escrow account with a major bank for its alternative energy investments.

 

5.6. Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share excludesexcludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock and resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in earnings. OutstandingRestricted stock optionsunits (“RSUs”) with anti-dilutive effect were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share. The following table sets forth earnings per common share calculations:

  

Three months ended June 30,

  

Six months ended June 30,

 
  

2023

  

2022

  

2023

  

2022

 
  

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

 
                 

Net income

 $93,220  $88,978  $189,227  $164,006 
                 

Weighted-average shares:

                

Basic weighted-average number of common shares outstanding

  72,536,301   74,958,913   72,534,779   75,144,414 

Dilutive effect of weighted-average outstanding common share equivalents:

                

RSUs

  217,445   311,227   291,522   349,102 

Diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding

  72,753,746   75,270,140   72,826,301   75,493,516 
                 

Average restricted stock units with anti-dilutive effect

  5,527   108,211   3,165   65,629 

Earnings per common share:

                

Basic

 $1.29  $1.19  $2.61  $2.18 

Diluted

 $1.28  $1.18  $2.60  $2.17 

7. Stock-Based Compensation

 

  

Three months ended September 30,

  

Nine months ended September 30,

 

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

2017

  

2016

  

2017

  

2016

 

Net income

 $49,746  $46,090  $150,102  $127,084 
                 

Weighted-average shares:

                

Basic weighted-average number of common shares outstanding

  80,665,398   78,865,860   80,073,249   79,147,839 

Dilutive effect of weighted-average outstanding common share equivalents

                

Warrants

  399,957   569,949   409,019   520,686 

Options

  19,221   95,850   25,706   90,461 

Restricted stock units

  320,278   165,410   289,205   143,860 

Diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding

  81,404,854   79,697,069   80,797,179   79,902,846 
                 

Average stock options and warrants with anti-dilutive effect

  0   207,183   6,561   247,974 

Earnings per common share:

                

Basic

 $0.62  $0.58  $1.87  $1.61 

Diluted

 $0.61  $0.58  $1.86  $1.59 

6. Stock-Based Compensation

UnderPursuant to the Company’s equity2005 Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, the Company may grant incentive plans,stock options (employees only), non-statutory stock options, common stock awards, restricted stock, RSUs, stock appreciation rights and cash awards to non-employee directors and eligible employees may beemployees.

RSUs are generally granted incentive or non-statutory stock options and/or restricted stock units, or awarded non-vested stock. As of September 30, 2017, the only options granted by the Company were non-statutory stock options to selected Bank officers and non-employee directors at exercise prices equalno cost to the fair market valuerecipient. RSUs generally vest ratably over three years or cliff vest after one or three years of a share of the Company’s common stock oncontinued employment from the date of the grant. Such options haveWhile a maximum ten-year term and vest in 20% annual increments (subject to early termination in certain events). There were no options granted during the first nine monthsportion of 2017 or 2016.

Option compensation expense was zero for the three months and for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and September 30, 2016. Stock-based compensation was fully recognized over the requisite service period for all awards. There were 43,540 and 2,110 stock option shares exercised in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company received $1.0 million from the exercise of stock options which had an aggregate intrinsic value of $607,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $49,000 from the exercise of stock options which had an aggregate intrinsic value of $9,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The table below summarizes stock option activity for the periods indicated:

          

Weighted-average

  

Aggregate

 
      

Weighted-average

  

Remaining Contractual

  

Intrinsic

 
  

Shares

  

Exercise Price

  

Life (in years)

  

Value (in thousands)

 
                 

Balance, December 31, 2016

  82,670  $23.37   1.1  $1,211 

Exercised

  (18,040)  23.37         

Balance, March 31, 2017

  64,630  $23.37   0.9  $925 

Exercised

  (19,500)  23.37         

Balance, June 30, 2017

  45,130  $23.37   0.7  $658 

Exercised

  (6,000)  23.37         

Balance, September 30, 2017

  39,130  $23.37   0.4  $659 
                 

Exercisable, September 30, 2017

  39,130  $23.37   0.4  $659 

In addition to stock options, the Company also grants restricted stock units to eligible employees that RSUs may be time-vesting awards, others may vest subject to continued employmentthe attainment of specified performance goals and are referred to as “performance-based RSUs.” All RSUs are subject to forfeiture until vested.

Performance-based RSUs are granted at the vesting dates.

The Company granted restricted stock units for 87,781 shares at an average closing pricetarget amount of $38.59 per share inawards. Based on the first nine monthsCompany’s attainment of 2017. The Company granted restricted stock units for 88,693 shares at an average closing pricespecified performance goals and consideration of $30.37 per share in 2016.

Starting in December 2013, the Company granted performance share unit awards in whichmarket conditions, the number of units earnedshares that vest can be adjusted to a minimum of zero and to a maximum of 150% of the target. The amount of performance-based RSUs that are eligible to vest is calculateddetermined at the end of each performance period and is then added together to determine the total number of performance shares that are eligible to vest. Performance-based RSUs generally cliff vest three years from the date of grant.

Compensation costs for the time-based awards are based on the relative total shareholder return (TSR) of the Company’s common stock as compared to the TSR of the KBW Regional Banking Index. In addition, the Company granted performance share unit awards in which the number of units earned is determined by comparison to the targeted earnings per share (EPS) as defined in the award for the 2014 to 2016 period. In December 2016, in addition to TSR and EPS awards, the Company granted performance share unit awards in which the number of units earned is determined by comparison to the targeted return of assets ROA as defined in the award for December 2016. Performance TSR, performance EPS, and performance ROA units awarded are scheduled to vest on December 31 of the third full year from the grant date. The Company granted performance TSR restricted stock units for 30,319 shares in 2016, 61,209 shares in 2015 and 60,456 shares in 2014, performance EPS restricted stock units for 58,241 shares in 2016, 57,409 shares in 2015 and 57,642 shares in 2014, and performance ROA restricted stock units for 29,119 shares in 2016, to its seven executive officers. In February 2017, after approval by the Company’s Compensation Committee, 297,171 sharesquoted market price of the Company’s stock were distributed underat the TSR and EPS grants awarded in December 2013 under the terms of the awards, including 76,623 shares granted and distributedgrant date. Compensation costs associated with performance-based RSUs are based on higher than target actualgrant date fair value, which considers both market and performance conditions. Compensation costs of both time-based and for cash dividends duringperformance-based awards are recognized on a straight-line basis from the performance period.grant date until the vesting date of each grant.

 

The following table presents restricted stock unitRSU activity during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017:2023:

 

Units

Balance at December 31, 2016

727,419

Granted

164,404

Distributed

(297,905)

Forfeited

(10,424)

Balance at September 30, 2017

583,494

  

Time-Based RSUs

  

Performance-Based RSUs

 
      

Weighted-Average

      

Weighted-Average

 
      

Grant Date

      

Grant Date

 
  

Shares

  

Fair Value

  

Shares

  

Fair Value

 

Balance at December 31, 2022 

  202,059  $33.29   362,965  $31.56 

Granted

  813   36.87   —   — 

Vested

  (1,660)  33.68   (136,808)  34.21 

Forfeited

  (1,395)  42.12   —   — 

Balance at June 30, 2023 

  199,817  $33.24   226,157  $29.96 

 

The compensationcompensation expense recorded for restricted stock unitsRSUs was $1.3$1.4 million and $1.8 million for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017, compared to $1.2 million in the same period a year ago.2023, and 2022, respectively. For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 2023 and 2016,2022, the compensation expense recorded related to the restricted stock unitsfor RSUs was $3.9$3.0 million and $3.3$3.4 million, respectively. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock unitsRSUs was $9.1$5.9 million and $12.8 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023 and is2022, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, these costs are expected to be recognized over the next 2.0 years.1.3 years for time-based and performance-based RSUs.

 

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 3,465,4112023, 1,727,187 shares were available for future grants under the Company’s 2005 Incentive Plan, (as Amendedas amended and Restated) for future grants.restated.

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8. Investment Securities

 

Tax benefit from share-based payment arrangements of $2.6 million reduced income tax expense in the first nine months of 2017 compared to a tax short-fall of $3.4 million that was charged to income tax expense in the first nine months of 2016.

7. Investment Securities

Investment securities were $1.4 billion as of September 30, 2017, compared to $1.3 billion as of December 31, 2016. The following tables reflectset forth the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses, and fair value of investment securities available-for-sale as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023, and December 31, 2016:2022:

 

 

September 30, 2017

  

June 30, 2023

 
     

Gross

  

Gross

          

Gross

 

Gross

    
 

Amortized

  

Unrealized

  

Unrealized

      

Amortized

 

Unrealized

 

Unrealized

    
 

Cost

  

Gains

  

Losses

  

Fair Value

  

Cost

  

Gains

  

Losses

  

Fair Value

 
 

(In thousands)

  

(In thousands)

 

Securities Available-for-Sale

                        

U.S. treasury securities

 $399,741  $-  $305  $399,436  $272,485  $—  $447  $272,038 

U.S. government agency entities

  9,679   27   6   9,700  55,485  190  132  55,543 

U.S. government sponsored entities

  400,000   -   6,278   393,722  33,709  —  95  33,614 

State and municipal securities

  1,943   -   12   1,931 

Mortgage-backed securities

  447,959   468   2,362   446,065  943,270  46  121,072  822,244 

Collateralized mortgage obligations

  1,715   -   5   1,710  33,051  —  3,548  29,503 

Corporate debt securities

  80,007   904   5   80,906  268,616  6  16,694  251,928 

Mutual funds

  6,500   -   229   6,271 

Preferred stock of government sponsored entities

  4,117   3,970   -   8,087 

Other equity securities

  13,294   7,463   98   20,659 

Foreign debt securities

  22,741   3   293   22,451 

Total

 $1,364,955  $12,832  $9,300  $1,368,487  $1,629,357  $245  $142,281  $1,487,321 

 

 

December 31, 2016

  

December 31, 2022

 
     

Gross

  

Gross

          

Gross

 

Gross

    
 

Amortized

  

Unrealized

  

Unrealized

      

Amortized

 

Unrealized

 

Unrealized

    
 

Cost

  

Gains

  

Losses

  

Fair Value

  

Cost

  

Gains

  

Losses

  

Fair Value

 
 

(In thousands)

  

(In thousands)

 

Securities Available-for-Sale

                        

U.S. treasury securities

 $489,839  $35  $857  $489,017  $241,611  $—  $1,111  $240,500 

U.S. government agency entities

 63,347  384  121  63,610 

U.S. government sponsored entities

  400,000   -   9,669   390,331  30,000  —  —  30,000 

Mortgage-backed securities

  339,241   309   3,290   336,260  993,883  194  126,983  867,094 

Collateralized mortgage obligations

  48   -   20   28  34,552  —  3,491  31,061 

Corporate debt securities

  74,965   247   862   74,350   258,780   112   17,809   241,083 

Mutual funds

  6,500   -   270   6,230 

Preferred stock of government sponsored entities

  2,811   4,497   -   7,308 

Other equity securities

  3,608   7,213   -   10,821 

Total

 $1,317,012  $12,301  $14,968  $1,314,345  $1,622,173  $690  $149,515  $1,473,348 

 

June 30, 2023, the amortized cost of AFS debt securities excluded accrued interest receivables of $6.3 million, which are included in “accrued interest receivable” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the Company’s accounting policy related to AFS debt securities’ accrued interest receivable, see Note 1 -Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Securities Available for Sale – Allowance for Credit Losses on Available for Sale Securities to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s 2022 Form 10-K.

 

The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities asavailable-for-sale as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023, by contractual maturities, are shownset forth in the tables below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or repayment penalties.  

 

 

June 30, 2023

 
 

Securities Available-For-Sale

 
 

Securities Available-For-Sale

  

Amortized Cost

  

Fair Value

 
 

Amortized cost

  

Fair value

  

(In thousands)

 
 

(In thousands)

      

Due in one year or less

 $415,782  $415,555  $355,228  $353,895 

Due after one year through five years

  465,328   459,924  239,805  224,105 

Due after five years through ten years

  8,658   8,647  165,000  154,597 

Due after ten years (1)

  475,187   484,361 

Due after ten years

  869,324   754,724 

Total

 $1,364,955  $1,368,487  $1,629,357  $1,487,321 

 

(1) Equity securities are reported in this category

There were no sales transactionsEquity Securities - The Company recognized an unrealized net gain of mortgage-backed securities during the first nine months of 2017. Proceeds of $415.3 million were received from the sales transactions of mortgage-backed securities during the first nine months of 2016. Proceeds from repayments, maturities and calls of mortgage-backed securities were $48.5 million and $125.3$10.7 million for the ninethree months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Proceeds of $99.5 million were received from2023, due to the sale of other investment securitiesincrease in fair value during the ninequarter of equity investments with readily determinable fair values compared to a net loss of $1.0 million for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017. There were no sales transactions2022. The Company recognized a net gain of other investment securities during$15.5 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016. Proceeds from maturities and calls2023 due to the increase in fair value of other investmentequity investments with readily determinable fair values compared to a net gain of $4.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Equity securities were $341.3$37.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $460.0and $22.2 million during the same period a year ago. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, $439,000 of losses were realized on sales of investment securities. Other than temporary impairment write-downs of zero and $206,000 were recorded during the first nine months of 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The tables below show the fair value and unrealized losses of the temporarily impaired securities in our investment securities portfolio as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023, and December 31, 2016:2022, respectively.

  

September 30, 2017

 
  

Temporarily impaired securities

 
    
  

Less than 12 months

  

12 months or longer

  

Total

 
  

Fair

  

Unrealized

  

Fair

  

Unrealized

  

Fair

  

Unrealized

 
  

Value

  

Losses

  

Value

  

Losses

  

Value

  

Losses

 
  

(In thousands)

 
                         

Securities Available-for-Sale

                        

U.S. treasury securities

 $339,707  $46  $49,729  $259  $389,436  $305 

U.S. government sponsored entities

  395,774   6,284   -   -   395,774   6,284 

State and municipal securities

  1,931   12   -   -   1,931   12 

Mortgage-backed securities

  359,112   2,359   122   3   359,234   2,362 

Collateralized mortgage obligations

  1,710   5   -   -   1,710   5 

Corporate debt securities

  5,029   5   -   -   5,029   5 

Mutual funds

  -   -   6,271   229   6,271   229 

Other equity securities

  4,680   98   -   -   4,680   98 

Total

 $1,107,943  $8,809  $56,122  $491  $1,164,065  $9,300 

 

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The following tables set forth the gross unrealized losses and related fair value of the Company’s investment portfolio, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual security has been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of June 30,2023, and December 31,2022:

 

 

December 31, 2016

 
 

Temporarily impaired securities

  

June 30, 2023

 
    

Less than 12 Months

  

12 Months or Longer

  

Total

 
 

Less than 12 months

  

12 months or longer

  

Total

      

Gross

     

Gross

     

Gross

 
 

Fair

  

Unrealized

  

Fair

  

Unrealized

  

Fair

  

Unrealized

  

Fair

 

Unrealized

 

Fair

 

Unrealized

 

Fair

 

Unrealized

 
 

Value

  

Losses

  

Value

  

Losses

  

Value

  

Losses

  

Value

  

Losses

  

Value

  

Losses

  

Value

  

Losses

 
 

(In thousands)

  

(In thousands)

 
                         

Securities Available-for-Sale

                                    

U.S. treasury securities

 $299,088  $857  $-  $-  $299,088  $857  $272,038  $447  $—  $—  $272,038  $447 

U.S. government agency entities

 15,885  8  1,542  124  17,427  132 

U.S. government sponsored entities

  390,331   9,669   -   -   390,331   9,669  33,614  95  —  —  33,614  95 

Mortgage-backed securities

  328,236   3,288   62   2   328,298   3,290  122,348  6,039  689,736  115,033  812,084  121,072 

Collateralized mortgage obligations

  -   -   28   20   28   20  23,251  1,662  6,252  1,886  29,503  3,548 

Corporate debt securities

  -   -   29,138   862   29,138   862  122,562  2,438  119,360  14,256  241,922  16,694 

Mutual funds

  -   -   6,230   270   6,230   270 

Foreign debt securities

  9,707   293   —   —   9,707   293 

Total

 $1,017,655  $13,814  $35,458  $1,154  $1,053,113  $14,968  $599,405  $10,982  $816,890  $131,299  $1,416,295  $142,281 

  

December 31, 2022

 
  

Less than 12 Months

  

12 Months or Longer

  

Total

 
      

Gross

      

Gross

      

Gross

 
  

Fair

  

Unrealized

  

Fair

  

Unrealized

  

Fair

  

Unrealized

 
  

Value

  

Losses

  

Value

  

Losses

  

Value

  

Losses

 
  

(In thousands)

 
                         

Securities Available-for-Sale

                        

U.S. treasury securities

 $240,500  $1,111  $—  $—  $240,500  $1,111 

U.S. government agency entities

  —   —   1,806   121   1,806   121 

Mortgage-backed securities

  394,123   33,042   452,739   93,941   846,862   126,983 

Collateralized mortgage obligations

  24,427   1,614   6,634   1,877   31,061   3,491 

Corporate debt securities

  109,995   3,256   100,977   14,553   210,972   17,809 

Total

 $769,045  $39,023  $562,156  $110,492  $1,331,201  $149,515 

 

AsAs of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023, the Company had a total of 203 AFS debt securities in a gross unrealized loss position with no credit impairment, consisting primarily of 159 mortgage-backed securities, and 24 Corporate debt securities. In comparison, as of December 31, 2022, the Company has a total of 195 AFS debt securities in a gross unrealized loss position with no credit impairment, consisting primarily of 159 mortgage-backed securities, 22 Corporate debt securities, six U.S. treasury securities, five collateralized mortgage obligations and three U.S. government agency securities.

In March 2023, the Company recorded a $3.0 million write-off of its holdings of debt securities from the failed Signature Bank.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The securities that were in an unrealized loss position at June 30, 2023, were evaluated to determine whether the decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis resulted from a credit loss or other factors. For a discussion of the factors and criteria the Company uses in analyzing securities for impairment related to credit losses, see Note 1 -Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Allowance for Credit Losses on Available for Sale Securities to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s 2022 Form 10-K.

The Company concluded the unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities of $9.3 million. The unrealized losses on these securities were primarily attributed to yield curve movement, together with widened liquidity spreads and credit spreads. The issuers have not, to the Company’s knowledge, established any cause for default on these securities. Management believes the impairment was temporary and, accordingly, no impairment loss on these securities has been recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company expects to recover the amortized cost basis of its debt securities and has no present intent to sell and will not be required to sell available-for-sale debt securities that have declined below their cost before their anticipated recovery. Accordingly, no allowance for credit losses was recorded as of June 30, 2023, against these securities, and there was no provision for credit losses recognized for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

 

Investment securitiesSecurities available-for-sale having a carrying value of $291.4$235.1 million and $145.7 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023, and $649.1 million as of December 31, 2016,2022, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits and other borrowings, treasury tax and loan, and securities sold under agreements to repurchase. borrowings.

 

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89. Loans.Loans

 

Most of the Company’sCompany’s business activities are with customersclients located in the predominatelyhigh-density Asian-populated areas of Southern and Northern California; New York City, New York; Dallas and Houston, Texas; Seattle, Washington; Boston, Massachusetts; Chicago, Illinois; Edison, New Jersey; Rockville, Maryland; and Las Vegas, Nevada, andNevada. The Company also has loan clients in Hong Kong. The Company has no specific industry concentration, and generally its loans, when secured, are secured by real property or other collateral of the borrowers. Loans areThe Company generally expectedexpects loans to be paid off from the operating profits of the borrowers, from refinancing by other lenders, or through sale by the borrowers of the secured collateral.

 

The types of loans in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheetsConsolidated Balance Sheets as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023 and December 31, 2016, 2022, were as follows:

 

 

June 30, 2023

  

December 31, 2022

 
 

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

  

(In thousands)

 
 

(In thousands)

  

Commercial loans

 $2,419,891  $2,248,187  $3,317,868  $3,318,778 

Real estate construction loans

 521,673  559,372 

Commercial mortgage loans

 9,293,475  8,793,685 

Residential mortgage loans

  2,922,537   2,444,048  5,542,466  5,252,952 

Commercial mortgage loans

  6,377,047   5,785,248 

Real estate construction loans

  691,486   548,088 

Equity lines

  181,751   171,711  272,055  324,548 

Installment & other loans

  4,722   3,993 

Installment and other loans

  5,257   4,689 

Gross loans

 $12,597,434  $11,201,275  $18,952,794  $18,254,024 

Allowance for loan losses

  (121,535)  (118,966) (155,109) (146,485)

Unamortized deferred loan fees

  (3,424)  (4,994)

Unamortized deferred loan fees, net

  (9,497)  (6,641)

Total loans, net

 $12,472,475  $11,077,315  $18,788,188  $18,100,898 

Loans held for sale

 $-  $7,500 

 

AsAs of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023, recorded investment in impaired loans totaled $127.7 million and was comprised of non-accrual loans excluding loans held for sale, of $65.3 million and accruing troubled debt restructured loans (TDRs) of $62.4was $69.0 million. As of December 31, 2016, 2022, recorded investment in impairednon-accrual loans totaled $115.1 million and was comprised of non-accrual loans, excluding loans held for sale, of $49.7 million and accruing TDRs of $65.4$68.9 million. For impairednon-accrual loans, the amounts previously charged offcharged-off represent 7.1% as of September 30, 2017,18.3% and 8.4% as of December 31, 2016,14.1% of the contractual balances for impaired loans.non-accrual loans as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

 

The following table presentstables present the average balancerecorded investment and interest income recognized related to impairedon non-accrual loans for the periodsperiod indicated:

 

 

Impaired Loans

 
 

Average Recorded Investment

  

Interest Income Recognized

  

Three Months Ended

  

Six Months Ended

 
 

Three months ended

  

Nine months ended

  

Three months ended

  

Nine months ended

  

June 30, 2023

  

June 30, 2023

 
 

September 30,

  

September 30,

  

September 30,

  

September 30,

  

Average

Recorded

Investment

  

Interest

Income

Recognized

  

Average

Recorded

Investment

  

Interest

Income

Recognized

 
 

2017

  

2016

  

2017

  

2016

  

2017

  

2016

  

2017

  

2016

  

(In thousands)

 
         (In thousands)                  

Commercial loans

 $24,987  $28,091  $22,572  $18,602  $678  $170  $760  $488  $20,518  $4  $21,948  $7 

Real estate construction loans

  29,780   5,869   29,868   12,005   99   66   287   196  —  —  —  — 

Commercial mortgage loans

  58,555   81,005   60,074   86,456   391   776   1,015   2,124  39,069  166  37,650  397 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  13,937   18,256   15,208   17,456   96   148   287   401  11,741  —  10,858  — 

Total impaired loans

 $127,259  $133,221  $127,722  $134,519  $1,264  $1,160  $2,349  $3,209 

Installment and other loans

  —   —   1   — 

Total non-accrual loans

 $71,328  $170  $70,457  $404 

  

Three Months Ended

  

Six Months Ended

 
  

June 30, 2022

  

June 30, 2022

 
  

Average

Recorded

Investment

  

Interest

Income

Recognized

  

Average

Recorded

Investment

  

Interest

Income

Recognized

 
  

(In thousands)

 
                 

Commercial loans

 $31,919  $—  $29,648  $— 

Real estate construction loans

  —   —   —   — 

Commercial mortgage loans

  30,073   126   33,969   317 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  15,284   7   13,870   14 

Installment and other loans

  43   —   22   — 

Total non-accrual loans

 $77,319  $133  $77,509  $331 

 

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The following table presents impairedpresents non-accrual loans and the related allowance for loan losses as of the dates indicated:June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

 

 

Impaired Loans

  

June 30, 2023

 
 

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

  

Unpaid

Principal

Balance

  

Recorded

Investment

  

Allowance

 
              

(In thousands)

 
 

Unpaid

Principal

Balance

  

Recorded Investment

  

Allowance

  

Unpaid

Principal

Balance

  

Recorded Investment

  

Allowance

  
 

(In thousands)

 
                        

With no allocated allowance

                        

Commercial loans

 $23,953  $23,373  $-  $24,037  $23,121  $- 

Real estate construction loans

  22,309   21,748   -   5,776   5,458   - 

Commercial mortgage loans

  39,154   32,370   -   60,522   54,453   - 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  2,264   2,264   -   5,472   5,310   - 

Subtotal

 $87,680  $79,755  $-  $95,807  $88,342  $- 

With allocated allowance

                        

With no allocated allowance:

      

Commercial loans

 $14,082  $13,985  $1,461  $5,216  $4,640  $1,827  $17,132  $4,598  $— 

Commercial mortgage loans

  23,061   22,820   823   10,158   10,017   573  49,759  39,558  — 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  12,461   11,111   322   13,263   12,075   396   12,618   11,872   — 

Subtotal

 $49,604  $47,916  $2,606  $28,637  $26,732  $2,796  $79,509  $56,028  $— 

Total impaired loans

 $137,284  $127,671  $2,606  $124,444  $115,074  $2,796 
 

With allocated allowance:

      

Commercial loans

 $14,296  $12,976  $5,664 

Subtotal

 $14,296  $12,976  $5,664 

Total non-accrual loans

 $93,805  $69,004  $5,664 

 

  

December 31, 2022

 
  

Unpaid

Principal

Balance

  

Recorded

Investment

  

Allowance

 
  

(In thousands)

 
             

With no allocated allowance:

            

Commercial loans

 $27,341  $12,949  $— 

Commercial mortgage loans

  37,697   32,205   — 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  9,626   8,978   — 

Installment and other loans

  9   8   — 

Subtotal

 $74,673  $54,140  $— 
             

With allocated allowance:

            

Commercial loans

 $14,643  $12,823  $3,734 

Commercial mortgage loans

  1,896   1,891   207 

Subtotal

 $16,539  $14,714  $3,941 

Total non-accrual loans

 $91,212  $68,854  $3,941 

 

The following tablestables present the aging of the loan portfolio by type as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023, and as of December 31, 2016:2022:

 

 

June 30, 2023

 
 

September 30, 2017

  

30-59 Days

Past Due

  

60-89 Days

Past Due

  

90 Days or

More Past

Due

  

Non-accrual

Loans

  

Total Past

Due

  

Loans Not

Past Due

  

Total

 
 

30-59 Days

Past Due

  

60-89 Days

Past Due

  

90 Days or More Past

Due

  

Non-accrual Loans

  

Total

Past Due

  

Loans Not

Past Due

  

Total

  

(In thousands)

 

Type of Loans:

 

(In thousands)

               

Commercial loans

 $8,412  $14,855  $3,900  $15,942  $43,109  $2,376,782  $2,419,891  $1,767  $1,033  $194  $17,574  $20,568  $3,297,300  $3,317,868 

Real estate construction loans

  -   -   -   14,267   14,267   677,219   691,486  9,255  —  —  —  9,255  512,418  521,673 

Commercial mortgage loans

  -   -   -   28,379   28,379   6,348,668   6,377,047  1,591  3,793  5,774  39,558  50,716  9,242,759  9,293,475 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  -   89   -   6,725   6,814   3,097,474   3,104,288  1,854  7,701  —  11,872  21,427  5,793,094  5,814,521 

Installment and other loans

  -   -   -   -   -   4,722   4,722   —   8   —   —   8   5,249   5,257 

Total loans

 $8,412  $14,944  $3,900  $65,313  $92,569  $12,504,865  $12,597,434  $14,467  $12,535  $5,968  $69,004  $101,974  $18,850,820  $18,952,794 

 

  

December 31, 2016

 
  

30-59 Days

Past Due

  

60-89 Days

Past Due

  

90 Days or More Past

Due

  

Non-accrual Loans

  

Total

Past Due

  

Loans Not

Past Due

  

Total

 

Type of Loans:

 

(In thousands)

 

Commercial loans

 $22,753  $27,190  $-  $15,710  $65,653  $2,182,534  $2,248,187 

Real estate construction loans

  10,390   5,835   -   5,458   21,683   526,405   548,088 

Commercial mortgage loans

  5,886   700   -   20,078   26,664   5,758,584   5,785,248 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  4,390   -   -   8,436   12,826   2,602,933   2,615,759 

Installment and other loans

  -   -   -   -   -   3,993   3,993 

Total loans

 $43,419  $33,725  $-  $49,682  $126,826  $11,074,449  $11,201,275 

The determination of the amount of the allowance for loan losses for impaired loans is based on management’s current judgment about the credit quality of the loan portfolio and takes into consideration known relevant internal and external factors that affect collectability when determining the appropriate level for the allowance for loan losses. The nature of the process by which the Bank determines the appropriate allowance for loan losses requires the exercise of considerable judgment. This allowance evaluation process is also applied to troubled debt restructurings since they are considered to be impaired loans.

  

December 31, 2022

 
  

30-59 Days

Past Due

  

60-89 Days

Past Due

  

90 Days or

More Past

Due

  

Non-accrual

Loans

  

Total Past

Due

  

Loans Not

Past Due

  

Total

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Type of Loans:

                            

Commercial loans

 $8,192  $3,235  $10,208  $25,772  $47,407  $3,271,371  $3,318,778 

Real estate construction loans

  —   —   —   —   —   559,372   559,372 

Commercial mortgage loans

  25,772   —   1,372   34,096   61,240   8,732,445   8,793,685 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  47,043   5,685   —   8,978   61,706   5,515,794   5,577,500 

Installment and other loans

  5   1   —   8   14   4,675   4,689 

Total loans

 $81,012  $8,921  $11,580  $68,854  $170,367  $18,083,657  $18,254,024 

 

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The Company has adopted ASU 2022-02, "Financial Instruments – Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures" effective January 1, 2023. As part of the adoption, the Company has elected to apply the pending content prospectively and the practical expedient to exclude the accrued interest receivable balance from the disclosed amortized cost basis of loan modifications to debtors experiencing financial difficulty, consistent with our ACL approach discussed further below in this footnote.

 

A troubled debt restructuringUnder the new guidance on loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, when a loan held for investment is modified and is considered to be a continuation of the original loan, the Company uses the post-modification contractual rate to derive the effective interest rate when using a discounted cash flow method to determine the allowance for credit loss.

The amendments in this new guidance eliminate the previous TDR recognition and measurement guidance and, instead, require that an entity evaluate whether the modification represents a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan.

Under the prior TDR guidance, a TDR is a formal modification of the terms of a loan when the lender, for economiceconomic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower. The concessions may be granted in various forms, including a change in the stated interest rate, a reduction in the loan balance or accrued interest, or an extension of the maturity date that causes significant delay in payment.

date. Although these loan modifications were considered TDRs, TDRs on accrual status are comprised of the loans that have,had, pursuant to the Bank’s policy, performed under the restructured terms and havehad demonstrated sustained performance under the modified terms for six months before beingwere returned to accrual status. The sustained performance considered by management pursuant to its policy includesincluded the periods prior to the modification if the prior performance met or exceeded the modified terms. This would include cash paid by the borrower prior to the restructurerestructuring to set up interest reserves. Loans classified as TDRs were reported as individually evaluated loans.

The allowance for credit loss on a TDR was measured using the same method as all other loans held for investment, except when the value of a concession could not be measured using a method other than the discounted cash flow method. Under the prior guidance when the value of a concession was measured using the discounted cash flow method, the allowance for credit loss was determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at the original interest rate of the loan.

Upon adoption of ASU 2022-02, the Company establishes a specific reserve for individually evaluated loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with the loans included in the quantitative baseline. These individually evaluated loans are removed from the pooling approach for the quantitative baseline, and include non-accrual loans, loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, and other loans as deemed appropriate by management. The Company applies the loan refinancing and restructuring guidance provided in ASU 2022-02 to determine whether a modification made to a borrower results in a new loan or a continuation of an existing loans.

If economic conditions or other factors worsen relative to the assumptions the Company utilized, the expected loan losses will increase accordingly in future periods.

 

As of September 30, 2017, accruing TDRsDecember 31, 2022, under the prior TDR guidance, there were $62.4 million and non-accrual TDRs were $33.7 million compared to accruing TDRs of $65.4$15.1 million and non-accrualnon-accruing TDRs of $29.7 million as$6.3 million. As of December 31, 2016. The2022, the Company allocated specificzero in reserves of $1.1 million to accruing TDRs and $143,000$427 thousand to non-accrual TDRs as of September 30, 2017, and $1.3 million to accruing TDRs and $1.1 million to non-accrual TDRs as of December 31, 2016. non-accruing TDRs.

The following tables presentset forth TDRs that were modified during the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 2022, and 2016, their specific reserves as of September 30, 2017 and 2016, and charge-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:charge-offs:

 

 

Three months ended September 30, 2017

  

September 30, 2017

  

Three Months Ended June 30, 2022

  

June 30, 2022

 
 

No. of Contracts

  

Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment

  

Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment

  

Charge-offs

  

Specific Reserve

  

No. of

Contracts

  

Pre-Modification

Outstanding

Recorded

Investment

  

Post-Modification

Outstanding

Recorded

Investment

  

Charge-offs

  

Specific Reserve

 
 

(Dollars in thousands)

  

(In thousands)

 
                               

Commercial loans

  8  $18,873  $18,873  $-  $636  —  $—  $—  $—  $— 

Commercial mortgage loans

  5   4,123   3,818   305   10 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  1   483   483   -   32   1   374   374   —   3 

Total

  14  $23,479  $23,174  $305  $678   1  $374  $374  $—  $3 

 

  

Three months ended September 30, 2016

  

September 30, 2016

 
  

No. of Contracts

  

Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment

  

Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment

  

Charge-offs

  

Specific Reserve

 
  

(Dollars in thousands)

 
                     

Commercial loans

  7  $18,258  $18,258  $-  $208 

Commercial mortgage loans

  1   738   738   -   - 

Total

  8  $18,996  $18,996  $-  $208 

  

Nine months ended September 30, 2017

  

September 30, 2017

 
  

No. of Contracts

  

Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment

  

Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment

  

Charge-offs

  

Specific Reserve

 
  

(Dollars in thousands)

 
                     

Commercial loans

  13  $19,543  $19,543  $-  $641 

Real estate construction loans

  2   28,489   28,489   -   - 

Commercial mortgage loans

  5   4,123   3,818   305   10 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  1   483   483   -   32 

Total

  21  $52,638  $52,333  $305  $683 

 

Nine months ended September 30, 2016

  

September 30, 2016

  

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022

  

June 30, 2022

 
 

No. of Contracts

  

Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment

  

Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment

  

Charge-offs

  

Specific Reserve

  

No. of

Contracts

  

Pre-Modification

Outstanding

Recorded

Investment

  

Post-Modification

Outstanding

Recorded

Investment

  

Charge-offs

  

Specific Reserve

 
 

(Dollars in thousands)

  

(In thousands)

 
                               

Commercial loans

  11  $23,102  $23,102  $-  $222  4  $6,115  $6,115  $—  $2,566 

Commercial mortgage loans

  1   738   738   -   - 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  2   367   367   -   -   4   720   720   —   4 

Total

  14  $24,207  $24,207  $-  $222   8  $6,835  $6,835  $—  $2,570 

 

Modifications of the loan terms duringin the first ninethree and six months of 2017 ended June 30, 2023, were in the form of payment deferrals, term extensions, of maturity dates. The length of time for which modifications involving extensions of maturity dates ranged from three to twelve months from the modification date. and interest rate reductions, or a combination thereof.

 

We expect that the TDRs on accruing status as of September 30, 2017, which were all performing in accordance with their restructured terms, will continue to comply with the restructured terms because of the reduced principal or interest payments on these loans.  A summary of TDRs by type of concession and by type of loan, as of September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, is shown below:

  

September 30, 2017

 

Accruing TDRs

 

Payment

Deferral

  

Rate

Reduction

  

 

Rate Reduction

and Payment Deferral

  

Total

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Commercial loans

 $21,416  $-  $-  $21,416 

Real estate construction loans

  7,480   -   -   7,480 

Commercial mortgage loans

  16,130   5,895   4,787   26,812 

Residential mortgage loans

  3,516   337   2,797   6,650 

Total accruing TDRs

 $48,542  $6,232  $7,584  $62,358 

  

September 30, 2017

 

Non-accrual TDRs

 

Payment

Deferral

  

Rate

Reduction

  

 

Rate Reduction

and Payment

Deferral

  

Total

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Commercial loans

 $13,259  $-  $-  $13,259 

Commercial mortgage loans

  1,347   1,706   16,508   19,561 

Residential mortgage loans

  714   -   157   871 

Total non-accrual TDRs

 $15,320  $1,706  $16,665  $33,691 

14
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Table of Contents

  

December 31, 2016

 

Accruing TDRs

 

Payment

Deferral

  

Rate

Reduction

  

 

Rate Reduction

and Payment Deferral

  

Total

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Commercial loans

 $7,971  $-  $4,081  $12,052 

Commercial mortgage loans

  25,979   5,961   12,452   44,392 

Residential mortgage loans

  5,104   789   3,056   8,949 

Total accruing TDRs

 $39,054  $6,750  $19,589  $65,393 

The following table shows the amortized cost basis at the end of the reporting period of the loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, disaggregated by class of financing receivable and type of concession granted:

 

  

December 31, 2016

 

Non-accrual TDRs

 

Payment

Deferral

  

Rate

Reduction

  

 

Rate Reduction

and Payment

Deferral

  

Total

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Commercial loans

 $14,565  $-  $-  $14,565 

Commercial mortgage loans

  2,510   1,795   10,328   14,633 

Residential mortgage loans

  356   -   168   524 

Total non-accrual TDRs

 $17,431  $1,795  $10,496  $29,722 

  June 30, 2023 
  

Term

Extension/

Payment

Deferral

  

% of

Total

Loan

Type

  

Rate

Reduction

  

% of

Total

Loan

Type

  

Rate Reduction

and Payment

Deferral

  

% of

Total

Loan

Type

  

Total

  

% of

Total

Loan

Type

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Loan Type

                                

Commercial loans

 $—   0.00% $—   0.00% $126   0.00% $126   0.00%

Total

 $—     $—     $126     $126    

 

The activity within our TDRsfollowing table presents the amortized cost of modified loans and the financial effects of the modifications for the periods indicated is shown below:three and six months ended June 30, 2023 by loan class and modification type:

 

  

Three months ended September 30,

  

Nine months ended September 30,

 

Accruing TDRs

 

2017

  

2016

  

2017

  

2016

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Beginning balance

 $79,819  $74,708  $65,393  $81,680 

New restructurings

  21,790   18,347   49,973   20,412 

Restructured loans restored to accrual status

  -   -   -   10,303 

Payments

  (35,677)  (6,500)  (41,372)  (9,816)

Restructured loans placed on non-accrual status

  (3,574)  -   (9,396)  (1,138)

Expiration of loan concession upon renewal

  -   -   (2,240)  (14,886)

Ending balance

 $62,358  $86,555  $62,358  $86,555 

  

Three months ended September 30,

  

Nine months ended September 30,

 

Non-accrual TDRs

 

2017

  

2016

  

2017

  

2016

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Beginning balance

 $30,045  $25,442  $29,722  $39,923 

New restructurings

  2,360   649   2,360   3,794 

Restructured loans placed on non-accrual status

  3,574   -   9,396   1,138 

Charge-offs

  (355)  (3,407)  (1,901)  (4,352)

Payments

  (1,933)  (1,814)  (5,160)  (9,330)

Foreclosures

  -   -   (726)  - 

Restructured loans restored to accrual status

  -   -   -   (10,303)

Ending balance

 $33,691  $20,870  $33,691  $20,870 
  

June 30, 2023

      

Financial Effects of Loan Modifications

 
  

Term

Extension/

Payment

Deferral

  

Rate

Reduction

  

Rate Reduction

and Term

Extension/

Payment Deferral

  

Total

  

Modification

as a %

of Loan Class

  

Weighted-

Average Rate

Reduction

  

Weighted-

Average Term

Extension
(in Years)

  

Weighted-Average

Payment Deferral
(in Years)

 
  

(In thousands)

                 

Loan Type

                                

Commercial loans

 $—  $—  $126  $126   0.00%  3.25   0.75   0.25 

Total

 $—  $—  $126  $126                 

 

The Company considers a loan to be in payment default once it is 60 to 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms.  One commercialThe Company tracks the performance of modified loans. A modified loan of $50,000 with charge-offs of $2.1 million hadmay become delinquent and may result in a payment defaults withindefault subsequent to modification. There were no loans that received a modification during the previous twelvethree and six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017.2023 that subsequently defaulted.

The following table presents the performance of loans that were modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

  

Three months ended 6/30/2023

 
  

Current

  

30–89 Days

Past Due

  

90+ Days Past

Due

  

Total

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Loan Type

                

Commercial loans

 $126  $—  $—  $126 

Total

 $126  $—  $—  $126 

  

Six months ended 6/30/2023

 
  

Current

  

30–89 Days

Past Due

  

90+ Days Past

Due

  

Total

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Loan Type

                

Commercial loans

 $126  $—  $—  $126 

Total

 $126  $—  $—  $126 

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Table of Contents

A summary of TDRs by type of concession and by type of loan, as of December 31, 2022, is set forth in the table below:

  

December 31, 2022

 
  

Payment

Deferral

  

Rate

Reduction

  

Rate Reduction

and Payment

Deferral

  

Total

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Accruing TDRs:

                

Commercial loans

 $2,588  $—  $—  $2,588 

Commercial mortgage loans

  2,791   —   5,855   8,646 

Residential mortgage loans

  2,181   445   1,285   3,911 

Total accruing TDRs

 $7,560  $445  $7,140  $15,145 

  

December 31, 2022

 
  

Payment

Deferral

  

Rate

Reduction

  

Rate Reduction

and Payment

Deferral

  

Total

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Non-accrual TDRs:

                

Commercial loans

 $3,629  $—  $—  $3,629 

Commercial mortgage loans

  1,098   —   —   1,098 

Residential mortgage loans

  1,621   —   —   1,621 

Total non-accrual TDRs

 $6,348  $—  $—  $6,348 

 

Under the Company’sCompany’s internal underwriting policy, an evaluation is performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification in order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty.

 

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to those borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and whose loans had been restructured, were considered impaired, or were on non-accrual status.modified.

 

As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of our loan portfolio, the Company utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each loan. Loans are risk rated based on analysis of the current state of the borrower’s credit quality. The analysis of credit quality includes a review of sources of repayment, the borrower’s current financial and liquidity status and other relevant information. The risk rating categories can be generally described by the following grouping for non-homogeneous loans: 

 

 

●

Pass/Watch – These loans range from minimal credit risk to lowerhigher than average, but still acceptable, credit risk. The loans have sufficient sources of repayment to repay the loans in full, in accordance with all the terms and conditions and remain currently well protected by collateral values.

 

 

●

Special Mention – Borrower is fundamentally sound, and loan is currently protected but adverse trends are apparent that, if not corrected, may affect ability to repay. Primary source of loan repayment remains viable but there is increasing reliance on collateral or guarantor support.

 

 

●

Substandard – These loans are inadequately protected by current sound net worth, paying capacity, or collateral. Well-defined weaknesses exist that could jeopardize repayment of debt. Loss may not be imminent, but if weaknesses are not corrected, there is a good possibility of some loss.

 

 

●

Doubtful – The possibility of loss is extremely high, but due to identifiable and important pending events (which may strengthen the loan), a loss classification is deferred until the situation is better defined.

 

 

●

Loss – These loans are considered uncollectible and of such little value that to continue to carry the loan as an active asset is no longer warranted.

 

The following tables present the loan portfolio by risk rating as of September 30, 2017, and as of December 31, 2016:

  

September 30, 2017

 
  

Pass/Watch

  

Special Mention

  

Substandard

  

Doubtful

  

Total

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Commercial loans

 $2,216,816  $146,479  $56,565  $31  $2,419,891 

Real estate construction loans

  604,363   65,375   21,748   -   691,486 

Commercial mortgage loans

  5,904,023   305,927   167,097   -   6,377,047 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  3,064,118   31,858   8,312   -   3,104,288 

Installment and other loans

  4,722   -   -   -   4,722 

Total gross loans

 $11,794,042  $549,639  $253,722  $31  $12,597,434 
                     

Loans held for sale

 $-  $-  $-  $-  $- 

  

December 31, 2016

 
  

Pass/Watch

  

Special Mention

  

Substandard

  

Doubtful

  

Total

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Commercial loans

 $2,023,114  $140,682  $84,293  $98  $2,248,187 

Real estate construction loans

  469,909   44,129   34,050   -   548,088 

Commercial mortgage loans

  5,410,623   250,221   124,404   -   5,785,248 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  2,605,834   -   9,925   -   2,615,759 

Installment and other loans

  3,993   -   -   -   3,993 

Total gross loans

 $10,513,473  $435,032  $252,672  $98  $11,201,275 
                     

Loans held for sale

 $-  $-  $7,500  $-  $7,500 

16
22
Table of Contents

The following table summarizes the Company’s loan held for investment as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, presented by loan portfolio segments, internal risk ratings and vintage year. The vintage year is the year of origination, renewal or major modification:

  

Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

             

June 30, 2023

 

2023

  

2022

  

2021

  

2020

  

2019

  

Prior

  

Revolving

Loans

  

Revolving

Converted to

Term Loans

  

Total

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Commercial loans

                                    

Pass/Watch

 $188,200  $415,771  $393,243  $156,101  $97,152  $177,860  $1,764,173  $5,053  $3,197,553 

Special Mention

  1,826   2,917   3,829   2,536   —   2,782   60,040   —   73,930 

Substandard

  176   365   12,035   67   1,191   5,817   24,264   319   44,234 

Total

 $190,202  $419,053  $409,107  $158,704  $98,343  $186,459  $1,848,477  $5,372  $3,315,717 

YTD gross write-offs

 $—  $252  $760  $194  $3,255  $1,791  $11  $—  $6,263 

Real estate construction loans

                                    

Pass/Watch

 $17,334  $100,659  $239,665  $93,512  $10,464  $3,072  $—  $—  $464,706 

Special Mention

  1,137   —   —   —   19,639   22,998   —   —   43,774 

Substandard

  —   —   —   —   1,736   9,255   —   —   10,991 

Total

 $18,471  $100,659  $239,665  $93,512  $31,839  $35,325  $—  $—  $519,471 

YTD gross write-offs

 $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $— 

Commercial mortgage loans

                                    

Pass/Watch

 $1,146,281  $2,065,253  $1,672,273  $936,526  $1,052,485  $1,975,795  $179,848  $—  $9,028,461 

Special Mention

  21,063   1,685   16,038   25,501   24,674   50,593   800   —   140,354 

Substandard

  —   12,988   12,285   1,736   20,130   67,838   2,669   —   117,646 

Total

 $1,167,344  $2,079,926  $1,700,596  $963,763  $1,097,289  $2,094,226  $183,317  $—  $9,286,461 

YTD gross write-offs

 $—  $—  $207  $—  $—  $3,913  $—  $—  $4,120 

Residential mortgage loans

                                    

Pass/Watch

 $563,858  $1,167,709  $936,487  $554,275  $570,881  $1,729,482  $—  $—  $5,522,692 

Special Mention

  —   —   —   33   —   1,639   —   —   1,672 

Substandard

  —   470   441   3,696   2,139   12,275   —   —   19,021 

Total

 $563,858  $1,168,179  $936,928  $558,004  $573,020  $1,743,396  $—  $—  $5,543,385 

YTD gross write-offs

 $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $— 

Equity lines

                                    

Pass/Watch

 $—  $115  $—  $—  $—  $—  $252,786  $18,765  $271,666 

Special Mention

  —   —   —   —   —   —   1   —   1 

Substandard

  —   —   —   —   —   —   1,266   187   1,453 

Total

 $—  $115  $—  $—  $—  $—  $254,053  $18,952  $273,120 

YTD gross write-offs

 $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $— 

Installment and other loans

                                    

Pass/Watch

 $299  $2,203  $2,633  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $5,135 

Special Mention

  —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   — 

Substandard

  —   8   —   —   —   —   —   —   8 

Total

 $299  $2,211  $2,633  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $5,143 

YTD gross write-offs

 $—  $7  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $7 

Total loans

 $1,940,174  $3,770,143  $3,288,929  $1,773,983  $1,800,491  $4,059,406  $2,285,847  $24,324  $18,943,297 

Total YTD gross write-offs

 $—  $259  $967  $194  $3,255  $5,704  $11  $—  $10,390 

17
Table of Contents
 
  

Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

             

December 31, 2022

 

2022

  

2021

  

2020

  

2019

  

2018

  

Prior

  

Revolving

Loans

  

Revolving

Converted to

Term Loans

  

Total

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Commercial loans

                                    

Pass/Watch

 $488,748  $446,647  $180,226  $119,355  $107,896  $106,649  $1,753,509  $6,560  $3,209,590 

Special Mention

  1,212   4,696   2,818   68   308   4,354   41,110   —   54,566 

Substandard

  25   12,750   342   4,859   2,766   6,985   22,084   133   49,944 

Doubtful

  —   —   —   1,504   2,185   —   234   —   3,923 

Total

 $489,985  $464,093  $183,386  $125,786  $113,155  $117,988  $1,816,937  $6,693  $3,318,023 

YTD gross write-offs

 $96  $587  $120  $71  $1,786  $360  $202  $—  $3,222 

Real estate construction loans

                                    

Pass/Watch

 $99,798  $264,197  $113,312  $20,479  $3,067  $—  $—  $—  $500,853 

Special Mention

  —   360   9,449   11,643   22,945   —   —   —   44,397 

Substandard

  —   —   —   1,736   9,309   —   —   —   11,045 

Total

 $99,798  $264,557  $122,761  $33,858  $35,321  $—  $—  $—  $556,295 

YTD gross write-offs

 $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $— 

Commercial mortgage loans

                                    

Pass/Watch

 $2,087,650  $1,728,607  $975,953  $1,094,505  $908,748  $1,420,982  $178,116  $—  $8,394,561 

Special Mention

  22,150   57,015   25,593   32,119   17,999   63,782   1,600   —   220,258 

Substandard

  12,320   7,861   14,392   19,972   34,899   81,844   2,631   —   173,919 

Total

 $2,122,120  $1,793,483  $1,015,938  $1,146,596  $961,646  $1,566,608  $182,347  $—  $8,788,738 

YTD gross write-offs

 $—  $—  $—  $—  $2,091  $—  $—  $—  $2,091 

Residential mortgage loans

                                    

Pass/Watch

 $1,228,391  $964,799  $580,990  $600,786  $417,565  $1,444,320  $—  $—  $5,236,851 

Special Mention

  —   —   33   —   752   905   —   —   1,690 

Substandard

  206   762   2,028   1,966   1,799   8,785   —   —   15,546 

Total

 $1,228,597  $965,561  $583,051  $602,752  $420,116  $1,454,010  $—  $—  $5,254,087 

YTD gross write-offs

 $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $— 

Equity lines

                                    

Pass/Watch

 $731  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $302,825  $21,460  $325,016 

Special Mention

  5   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   5 

Substandard

  12   —   —   —   —   —   1,043   220   1,275 

Total

 $748  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $303,868  $21,680  $326,296 

YTD gross write-offs

 $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $— 

Installment and other loans

                                    

Pass/Watch

 $1,792  $2,152  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $3,944 

Total

 $1,792  $2,152  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $3,944 

YTD gross write-offs

 $115  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $62  $—  $177 

Total loans

 $3,943,040  $3,489,846  $1,905,136  $1,908,992  $1,530,238  $3,138,606  $2,303,152  $28,373  $18,247,383 

Total YTD gross write-offs

 $211  $587  $120  $71  $3,877  $360  $264  $—  $5,490 

Revolving loans that are converted to term loans presented in the table above are excluded from the term loans by vintage year columns.

Allowance for Credit Losses

 

The Company has an allowance framework under ASC Topic 326 for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. The measurement of the allowance for credit losses is based on management’s best estimate of lifetime expected credit losses inherent in the Company’s relevant financial assets. The forward-looking concept of current expected credit loss (“CECL”) approach requires loss estimates to consider historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts of future events and circumstances.

The ACL is the combination of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for off-balance sheetunfunded loan commitments. The allowance for loan losses is reported as a reduction of the amortized cost basis of loans, while the reserve for unfunded loan commitments is included within "other liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited). The amortized cost basis of loans does not include accrued interest receivable, which is included in "accrued interest receivable" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The "Provision for credit commitments are significantlosses" on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) is a combination of the provision for loan losses and the provision for unfunded loan commitments.

Under the Company’s CECL approach, management estimates the ACL using relevant available information from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts that can and do changevary by loan portfolio. We use economic forecasts from Moody’s Analytics in this process. The economic forecast is updated monthly; therefore, the one used for each quarter-end calculation is generally based on management’s processa one-month lag based on the timing of when the forecast is released. The Company does not consider a one-month lag to create a material difference but considers any subsequent material changes to our estimated loss forecasts as deemed appropriate. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in analyzingcurrent loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level, or term as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in gross domestic product (or “GDP”), unemployment rates, property values, or other relevant factors.

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Under the CECL methodology, quantitative and qualitative loss factors are applied to our population of loans on a collective pool basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The Company evaluates loans for expected credit losses on an individual basis if, based on current information and events, the loan does not share similar credit risk characteristics with other loans. The Company may choose to measure expected credit losses on an individual loan basis by using one of the following methods: (1) the present value of the expected future cash flows of the loan discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate, or (2) if the loan is collateral dependent, the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell. For loans that are not collateral-dependent, the Company uses the present value of future cash flows.

Quantitative Factors

Under the Company’s CECL methodology, nine portfolio segments with similar risk characteristics are evaluated for expected loss. Six portfolios are modeled using econometric models and three smaller portfolios are evaluated using a simplified loss-rate method that calculates lifetime expected credit losses for the respective pools (simplified approach). The six portfolios subject to econometric modeling include residential mortgages; commercial and industrial loans (“C&I”); construction loans; commercial real estate (“CRE”) for multifamily loans; CRE for owner-occupied loans; and other CRE loans. We estimate the probability of default during the reasonable and supportable forecast period using separate econometric regression models developed to correlate macroeconomic variables, (GDP, unemployment, CRE prices and residential mortgage prices) to historical credit performance for each of the six loan portfolios from the fourth quarter of 2007 to the fourth quarter of 2021. Loss given default rates are computed based on the charge-offs recognized divided by the exposure at default of defaulted loans starting with the fourth quarter of 2007 through the fourth quarter of 2021. The probability of default and the loss given default rates are applied to the expected amount at default at the loan level based on contractual scheduled payments and estimated prepayments. The amounts so calculated comprise the quantitative portion of the allowance for credit losses.

The Company’s CECL methodology utilizes an eight-quarter reasonable and supportable (“R&S”) forecast period, and a four-quarter reversion period. Management relies on multiple forecasts, blending them into a single loss estimate. Generally speaking, the blended scenario approach would include the Baseline, the Alternative Scenario 1 – Upside – 10th Percentile and the Alternative Scenario 3 – Downside – 90th Percentile forecasts. After the R&S period, the Company reverts linearly for the four-quarter reversion period to the long-term loss rates for each of the six portfolios of loans.

The Company’s CECL methodology estimates expected credit losses over the contractual term of the loans, adjusted for expected prepayments when appropriate. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals, and modifications unless the extension or renewal options are included in the original or modified contract at the reporting date and are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company.

The simplified approach portfolios include Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loans, Home Equity Lines of Credit (“HELOCs”) and cash-secured loans, which are not modelled econometrically due to the low loss history for these three pools of loans. The forecasted loss rate is based on the forecasted GDP and unemployment rates during the firsteight quarters of the portfolio’s contractual life, reversion loss rates for the next four quarters of the portfolio’s contractual life on a linear declining rate, and the long-term loss rate projected over the remainder of the portfolio’s contractual life.

Qualitative Factors

Under the Company’s CECL methodology, the qualitative portion of the reserve on pooled loans represents management’s judgment of additional considerations to account for internal and external risk factors that are not adequately measured in the quantitative reserve. The qualitative loss factors consider idiosyncratic risk factors, conditions that may not be reflected in quantitatively derived results, or other relevant factors to seek to ensure the allowance for credit losses reflects our best estimate of current expected credit losses. The qualitative reserves include reserves for policy exceptions, experience of management and staff, level of competition in the lending environment, weak risk identification, lack of historical experience with residential mortgage loans made to non-U.S. residents, oil & gas, included as part of the C&I loan portfolio, and on management’s assumptions about specific borrowers,the higher risk characteristics of purchased syndicated loans, and model uncertainty. Current and forecasted economic trends and underlying market values for collateral and applicable economic and environmental conditions, among other factors.dependent loans also are considered within the econometric models described above.

 

The following table presentsCompany’s CECL methodology requires a significant amount of management judgment in determining the balanceappropriate allowance for credit losses. Several of the steps in the methodology involve judgment and are subjective in nature including, among other things:

●

Segmenting the loan portfolio

●

Determining the amount of loss history to consider

●

Selecting predictive econometric regression models that use appropriate macroeconomic variables

●

Determining the methodology to forecast prepayments

●

Selecting the most appropriate economic forecast scenario

●

Determining the length of the R&S forecast and reversion periods

●

Estimating expected utilization rates on unfunded loan commitments

●

Assessing relevant and appropriate qualitative factors.

In addition, the CECL methodology is dependent on economic forecasts that are inherently imprecise and will change from period to period. Although the allowance for credit losses is considered by management to be appropriate, there can be no assurance that it will be sufficient to absorb future losses.

Management believes the allowance for credit losses is appropriate for the CECL in our loan portfolio and associated unfunded commitments, and the credit risk ratings and inherent loss rates currently assigned are reasonable and appropriate as of the reporting date.

Individually Evaluated Loans 

When a loan no longer shares similar risk characteristics with other loans, such as in the case of certain nonaccrual loans, the Company estimates the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segmenton an individual loan basis. Generally, the allowance for loan losses for individually evaluated loans is measured as the difference between the recorded value of the loans and based on impairment method asthe fair value of September 30, 2017, and asthe collateral. For loans evaluated individually, the Company uses one of December 31, 2016:two different asset valuation measurement methods: (1) the fair value of collateral less costs to sell; or (2) the present value of expected future cash flows. If an individually evaluated loan is determined to be collateral dependent, the Company applies the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell method. If an individually evaluated loan is determined not to be collateral dependent, the Company uses the present value of future cash flows.

 

      

Real Estate

  

Commercial

  

Residential

         
  

Commercial

  

Construction

  

Mortgage

  

Mortgage Loans

  

Installment and

     
  

Loans

  

Loans

  

Loans

  

and Equity Lines

  

Other Loans

  

Total

 
  

(In thousands)

 

September 30, 2017

                        

Loans individually evaluated for impairment

                        

Allowance

 $1,461  $-  $823  $322  $-  $2,606 

Balance

 $37,358  $21,748  $55,190  $13,376  $-  $127,672 
                         

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment

                        

Allowance

 $49,578  $22,008  $36,579  $10,740  $24  $118,929 

Balance

 $2,382,533  $669,738  $6,321,857  $3,090,912  $4,722  $12,469,762 
                         

Total allowance

 $51,039  $22,008  $37,402  $11,062  $24  $121,535 

Total balance

 $2,419,891  $691,486  $6,377,047  $3,104,288  $4,722  $12,597,434 
                         

December 31, 2016

                        

Loans individually evaluated for impairment

                        

Allowance

 $1,827  $-  $573  $396  $-  $2,796 

Balance

 $27,761  $5,458  $64,470  $17,385  $-  $115,074 
                         

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment

                        

Allowance

 $47,376  $23,268  $34,291  $11,224  $11  $116,170 

Balance

 $2,220,426  $542,630  $5,720,778  $2,598,374  $3,993  $11,086,201 
                         

Total allowance

 $49,203  $23,268  $34,864  $11,620  $11  $118,966 

Total balance

 $2,248,187  $548,088  $5,785,248  $2,615,759  $3,993  $11,201,275 

Unfunded Loan Commitments

Unfunded loan commitments are generally related to providing credit facilities to clients of the Bank and are not actively traded financial instruments. These unfunded commitments are disclosed as off-balance sheet financial instruments in Note 10 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

 

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The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company, using the same loss factors as used for the allowance for loan losses. The reserve for unfunded loan commitments uses a one-year historical usage rate of the unfunded commitments during the contractual life of the commitments. The allowance for unfunded commitments is included in “other liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the allowance for unfunded commitments are included in the provision for loan losses.

 

The following tables detailtables set forth activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three months and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023, and SeptemberJune 30, 2016. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.2022:

 

Three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

                     
              

Residential

         
      

Real Estate

  

Commercial

  

Mortgage Loans

  

Installment

     
  

Commercial

  

Construction

  

Mortgage

  

and

  

and Other

     
  

Loans

  

Loans

  

Loans

  

Equity Lines

  

Loans

  

Total

 
  (In thousands) 

Allowance for Loan Losses:

 

 

 
                         

March 31, 2023 Ending Balance

 $45,975  $10,900  $70,367  $17,633  $9  $144,884 

Provision for expected credit losses

  6,514   1,851   3,249   581   10   12,205 

Charge-offs

  (2,352)  —   (130)  —   (1)  (2,483)

Recoveries

  442   —   61   —   —   503 

Net charge-offs

  (1,910)  —   (69)  —   (1)  (1,980)

June 30, 2023 Ending Balance

 $50,579  $12,751  $73,547  $18,214  $18  $155,109 
                         

Allowance for unfunded credit commitments:

                        

March 31, 2023 Ending Balance

 $8,275  $5,215  $85  $—  $—  $13,575 

Reversal for expected credit losses

  (1,291)  (1,674)  (85)  —   —   (3,050)

June 30, 2023 Ending Balance

 $6,984  $3,541  $—  $—  $—  $10,525 

 

Three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016    

               
      

Real Estate

  

Commercial

  

Residential

  

Installment

     
  

Commercial

  

Construction

  

Mortgage

  

Mortgage Loans

  

and Other

     
  

Loans

  

Loans

  

Loans

  

and Equity Lines

  

Loans

  

Total

 
  

(In thousands)

 
                         

June 30, 2017 Ending Balance

 $46,744  $17,844  $36,840  $14,364  $17   115,809 

Provision/(credit) for possible credit losses

  3,800   4,117   (4,615)  (3,309)  7   - 

Charge-offs

  (80)  -   (305)  -   -   (385)

Recoveries

  575   47   5,482   7   -   6,111 

Net (charge-offs)/recoveries

  495   47   5,177   7   -   5,726 

September 30, 2017 Ending Balance

 $51,039  $22,008  $37,402  $11,062  $24  $121,535 
                         

June 30, 2016 Ending Balance

 $50,590  $10,753  $46,090  $15,503  $12  $122,948 

Provision/(credit) for possible credit losses

  4,380   (2,056)  3,132   (5,452)  (4)  - 

Charge-offs

  (3,277)  -   (4,626)  -   -   (7,903)

Recoveries

  2,006   548   337   6   -   2,897 

Net (charge-offs)/recoveries

  (1,271)  548   (4,289)  6   -   (5,006)

September 30, 2016 Ending Balance

 $53,699  $9,245  $44,933  $10,057  $8  $117,942 
              

Residential

         
      

Real Estate

  

Commercial

  

Mortgage Loans

  

Installment

     
  

Commercial

  

Construction

  

Mortgage

  

and

  

and Other

     
  

Loans

  

Loans

  

Loans

  

Equity Lines

  

Loans

  

Total

 
  (In thousands) 

Allowance for Loan Losses:

 

 

 
                         

March 31, 2022 Ending Balance

 $44,738  $7,436  $63,878  $29,630  $104  $145,786 

Provision/(reversal) for expected credit losses

  4,208   (160)  4,634   (5,945)  31   2,768 

Charge-offs

  (50)  —   —   —   (1)  (51)

Recoveries

  175   —   88   6   —   269 

Net (charge-offs)/recoveries

  125   —   88   6   (1)  218 

June 30, 2022 Ending Balance

 $49,071  $7,276  $68,600  $23,691  $134  $148,772 
                         

Allowance for unfunded credit commitments:

                        

March 31, 2022 Ending Balance

 $3,177  $3,227  $—  $—  $—  $6,404 

(Reversal)/Provision for expected credit losses

  (373)  79   26   —   —   (268)

June 30, 2022 Ending Balance

 $2,804  $3,306  $26  $—  $—  $6,136 

 

Nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

                
      

Real Estate

  

Commercial

  

Residential

  

Installment

     
  

Commercial

  

Construction

  

Mortgage

  

Mortgage Loans

  

and Other

     
  

Loans

  

Loans

  

Loans

  

and Equity Lines

  

Loans

  

Total

 
  

(In thousands)

 
                         

2017 Beginning Balance

 $49,203  $23,268  $34,864  $11,620  $11  $118,966 

Provision/(credit) for possible credit losses

  2,245   (1,403)  (2,775)  (580)  13   (2,500)

Charge-offs

  (1,810)  -   (860)  -   -   (2,670)

Recoveries

  1,401   143   6,173   22   -   7,739 

Net (charge-offs)/recoveries

  (409)  143   5,313   22   -   5,069 
                         

September 30, 2017 Ending Balance

 $51,039  $22,008  $37,402  $11,062  $24  $121,535 

Reserve for impaired loans

 $1,461  $-  $823  $322  $-  $2,606 

Reserve for non-impaired loans

 $49,578  $22,008  $36,579  $10,740  $24  $118,929 

Reserve for off-balance sheet credit commitments

 $2,760  $1,206  $109  $175  $4  $4,254 
                         

2016 Beginning Balance

 $56,199  $22,170  $49,440  $11,145  $9  $138,963 

Provision/(credit) for possible credit losses

  5,815   (20,796)  295   (963)  (1)  (15,650)

Charge-offs

  (12,035)  -   (5,681)  (149)  -   (17,865)

Recoveries

  3,720   7,871   879   24   -   12,494 

Net (charge-offs)/recoveries

  (8,315)  7,871   (4,802)  (125)  -   (5,371)
                         

September 30, 2016 Ending Balance

 $53,699  $9,245  $44,933  $10,057  $8  $117,942 

Reserve for impaired loans

 $1,320  $-  $1,248  $375  $-  $2,943 

Reserve for non-impaired loans

 $52,379  $9,245  $43,685  $9,682  $8  $114,999 

Reserve for off-balance sheet credit commitments

 $2,112  $-  $35  $80  $2  $2,229 

Six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

                     
              

Residential

         
      

Real Estate

  

Commercial

  

Mortgage Loans

  

Installment

     
  

Commercial

  

Construction

  

Mortgage

  

and

  

and Other

     
  

Loans

  

Loans

  

Loans

  

Equity Lines

  

Loans

  

Total

 
  (In thousands) 

Allowance for Loan Losses:

 

 

 
                         

January 1, 2023 Beginning Balance

 $49,435  $10,417  $68,366  $18,232  $35  $146,485 

Provision/(reversal) for expected credit losses

  6,454   2,334   6,712   (30)  (10)  15,460 

Charge-offs

  (6,263)  —   (4,120)  —   (7)  (10,390)

Recoveries

  953   —   2,589   12   —   3,554 

Net (charge-offs)/recoveries

  (5,310)  —   (1,531)  12   (7)  (6,836)

June 30, 2023 Ending Balance

 $50,579  $12,751  $73,547  $18,214  $18  $155,109 
                         

Allowance for unfunded credit commitments:

                        

January 1, 2023 Beginning Balance

 $4,840  $3,890  $—  $—  $—  $8,730 

Provision/(reversal) for expected credit losses

  2,144   (349)  —   —   —   1,795 

June 30, 2023 Ending Balance

 $6,984  $3,541  $—  $—  $—  $10,525 

 

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Table of Contents
 
              

Residential

         
      

Real Estate

  

Commercial

  

Mortgage Loans

  

Installment

     
  

Commercial

  

Construction

  

Mortgage

  

and

  

and Other

     
  

Loans

  

Loans

  

Loans

  

Equity Lines

  

Loans

  

Total

 
  (In thousands) 

Allowance for Loan Losses:

 

 

 
                         

January 1, 2022 Beginning Balance

 $43,394  $6,302  $61,081  $25,379  $1  $136,157 

Provision/(reversal) for expected credit losses

  5,414   968   7,336   (1,745)  134   12,107 

Charge-offs

  (271)  —   —   —   (1)  (272)

Recoveries

  534   6   183   57   —   780 

Net (charge-offs)/recoveries

  263   6   183   57   (1)  508 

June 30, 2022 Ending Balance

 $49,071  $7,276  $68,600  $23,691  $134  $148,772 
                         

Allowance for unfunded credit commitments:

                        

January 1, 2022 Beginning Balance

 $3,725  $3,375  $—  $—  $—  $7,100 

(Reversal)/provision for expected credit losses

  (921)  (69)  26   —   —   (964)

June 30, 2022 Ending Balance

 $2,804  $3,306  $26  $—  $—  $6,136 

   

9.10. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is involved in various

From time to time, Bancorp and its subsidiaries are parties to litigation concerning transactions entered intothat arise in the normalordinary course of business. Management, after consultationbusiness or otherwise are incidental to various aspects of its operations. Based upon information available to the Company and its review of any such litigation with legal counsel, does not believemanagement presently believes that the resolution ofliability relating to such litigation, willif any, would not be expected to have a material effect upon itsadverse impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity taken as a whole. The outcome of litigation and other legal and regulatory matters is inherently uncertain, however, and it is possible that one or more of the legal matters currently pending or threatened against the Company could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity taken as a whole.

Although the Company establishes accruals for legal proceedings when information related to the loss contingencies represented by those matters indicates both that a loss is probable and that the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated, the Company does not have accruals for all legal proceedings where there is a risk of loss. In addition, amounts accrued may not represent the ultimate loss to the Company from the legal proceedings in question. Thus, ultimate losses may be higher or lower, and possibly significantly so, than the amounts accrued for legal loss contingencies.

 

In the normal course of business, the Company from time to time becomes a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its customers.clients. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit in the form of loans, or through commercial or standby letters of credit and financial guarantees. These instruments represent varying degrees of exposure to risk in excess of the amounts included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.Consolidated Balance Sheets. The contractual or notional amount of these instruments indicates a level of activity associated with a particular class of financial instrument and is not a reflection of the level of expected losses, if any.

 

The Company’s unfunded commitments related to investments in qualified affordable housing and alternative energy partnerships were $139.4 million and $133.5 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

10.11. Borrowed Funds

Borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) – There were no over-night borrowings from the FHLB as of June 30, 2023, and $150.0 million in over-night borrowings as of December 31, 2022. Advances from the FHLB were $815.0 million at a weighted average rate of 5.31% as of June 30, 2023, and $335.0 million at a weighted average rate of 4.54% as of December 31, 2022. As of June 30, 2023, final maturity for the FHLB advances were $800.0 million in July 2023 and $15.0 million in September 2024. Our unused borrowing capacity from the Federal Home Loan Bank as of June 30, 2023 was $6.05 billion and unpledged securities at June 30, 2023 was $1.25 billion.

Junior Subordinated Notes –The Company established three special purpose trusts in 2003 and two in 2007 for the purpose of issuing Guaranteed Preferred Beneficial Interests in their Subordinated Debentures to outside investors (“Capital Securities”). The proceeds from the issuance of the Capital Securities Soldas well as our purchase of the common stock of the special purpose trusts were invested in Junior Subordinated Notes of the Company (“Junior Subordinated Notes”). The trusts exist for the purpose of issuing the Capital Securities and investing in Junior Subordinated Notes. Subject to some limitations, payment of distributions out of the monies held by the trusts and payments on liquidation of the trusts, or the redemption of the Capital Securities, are guaranteed by the Company to the extent the trusts have funds on hand at such time. The obligations of the Company under the guarantees and the Junior Subordinated Notes are subordinate and junior in right of payment to all indebtedness of the Company and are structurally subordinated to all liabilities and obligations of the Company’s subsidiaries. The Company has the right to defer payments of interest on the Junior Subordinated Notes at any time or from time to time for a period of up to twenty consecutive quarterly periods with respect to each deferral period. Under Agreementsthe terms of the Junior Subordinated Notes, the Company may not, with certain exceptions, declare or pay any dividends or distributions on its capital stock or purchase or acquire any of its capital stock if it has deferred payment of interest on any Junior Subordinated Notes.

At June 30, 2023, Junior Subordinated Notes totaled $119.1 million with a weighted average interest rate of 7.19%, compared to Repurchase. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase were $100$119.1 million with a weighted average rate of 2.86% as of September 30, 2017, compared to $350 million with a weighted average rate of 4.06% as of 4.01% at December 31, 2016. Final2022. The Junior Subordinated Notes have a stated maturity for the two fixed rate non-callable securities sold under agreements to repurchase was $50.0 million in June 2018 and $50.0 million in July 2018.

These transactions are accounted for as collateralized financing transactions and recorded at the amounts at which the securities were sold. The Company may have to provide additional collateral for the repurchase agreements, as necessary. The underlying collateral pledged for the repurchase agreements consiststerm of U.S. Treasury securities and mortgage-backed securities with a fair value of $108 million as of September 30 2017, and $372 million as of December 31, 2016.

Borrowing from the FHLB. As of September 30, 2017, over-night borrowings from the FHLB were $450 million at a rate of 1.16% compared to $275 million at a rate of 0.55% as of December 31, 2016. As of September 30, 2017, the advances from the FHLB were $145 million at a rate of 1.35%. As of September 30, 2017, FHLB advances of $490 million will mature in October 2017, $55 million in 2018 and $50 million in December 2019.years.

  

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11.12. Income Taxes

 

The effective tax rate for the third quarterfirstsix months of 20172023 was 41.4%13.2% compared to 25.5%22.4% for the third quarterfirstsix months of 2016.2022. The third quarter 2017 effective tax rate includes the impact of 41.4% reflected additional tax expense to increase the full year effective tax rate to 34% compared to the 29% effective tax rate forecasted at June 30, 2017. This adjustment in the third quarter was the result of lower tax credits from the slow deployment oflow-income housing and alternative energy investments. Incomeinvestment tax expense for the first quarter of 2017 was also reduced by $2.6 million in benefits from the distribution of restricted stock units and exercises of stock options.

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had income tax refunds receivable of $19.4 million and $14.6 million, respectively. These income tax receivables are included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.credits.

 

The Company’sCompany’s tax returns are open for audit by the Internal Revenue Service back to 20142019 and by the California Franchise Tax Board back to 2012. As the Company is presently under audit by a number of tax authorities, it2018.

It is reasonably possible that unrecognized tax benefits could change significantly over the next twelve months. The Company does not expect that any such changes would have a material impact on its annual effective tax rate.

  

12.13. Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial InstrumentsMeasurements

 

The Company adopteduses fair value to measure certain assets and liabilities on a recurring basis, primarily securities available-for-sale and derivatives. For assets measured at the lower of cost or fair value, the fair value measurement criteria may or may not be met during a reporting period and such measurements are therefore considered “nonrecurring” for purposes of disclosing our fair value measurements. Fair value is used on a nonrecurring basis to adjust carrying values for individually evaluated loans and other real estate owned and also to record impairment on certain assets, such as goodwill, CDI, and other long-lived assets.

The Company used valuation methodologies to measure assets at fair value under ASC Topic 820 on January 1, 2008, and determinedASC Topic 825, as amended by ASU 2016-01 and ASU 2018-03, to estimate the fair valuesvalue of our financial instrumentsnot recorded at fair value. The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities is classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

●

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

●

Level 2 – Observable prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; directly observable market inputs for substantially the full term of the asset and liability; market inputs that are not directly observable but are derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

●

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs based on the Company’s own judgment about the assumptions that a market participant would use.

The classification of assets and liabilities within the hierarchy is based on whether inputs to the valuation methodology used are observable or unobservable, and the significance of those inputs in the fair value measurement. The Company’s assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the following:lowest level of input that is significant to their fair value measurements.

 

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identicalFinancial assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Observable prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; prices for identical or similar assets orand liabilities in markets that are not active; directly observable market inputs for substantially the full term of the asset and liability; market inputs that are not directly observable but are derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs basedmeasured at fair value on the Company’s own judgment about the assumptions that a market participant would use.recurring basis:

 

The Company uses the following methodologies to measure the fair value of its financial assets and liabilities on a recurring basis:

 

Securities Available for SaleAvailable-for-Sale.and Equity Securities - For certain actively traded agency preferred stock,stocks, mutual funds, U.S. Treasury securities, and other equity securities, the Company measures the fair value based on quoted market prices in active exchange markets at the reporting date, a Level 1 measurement. The Company also measures securities by using quoted market prices for similar securities or dealer quotes, a Level 2 measurement. This category generally includes U.S. Government agency securities, U.S. Government sponsored entities, state and municipal securities, mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”), commercial MBS, collateralized mortgage obligations asset-backed securities,and corporate bonds and trust preferred securities.bonds.

 

Warrants. - The Company measures the fair value of warrants based on unobservable inputs based on assumptions and management judgment, a Level 3 measurement.

 

Foreign Exchange ContractsInterest Rate Swaps. – The Company measures the fair value of foreign exchange contracts based on dealer quotes, a Level 2 measurement.

Interest Rate Swaps. Fair value of interest rate swaps is derived from using third party models with observable market data, a Level 2 measurement.

The valuation techniques for the assets and liabilities valued on a nonrecurring basis are as follows:

 

Impaired Loans.Currency Option Contracts and Foreign Exchange Contracts - The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, nonrecurring fair value adjustments to collateral dependent impaired loans are recorded based on either the current appraised value of the collateral, a Level 2 measurement, or management’s judgment and estimation of value reported on older appraisals that are then adjusted based on recent market trends, a Level 3 measurement.

Goodwill. The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not thatmeasures the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test described in ASC Topic 350. The two-step impairment testing process, if needed, begins by assigning net assetscurrency option contracts and goodwill to the two reporting units—Commercial Lending and Retail Banking.  The Company then completes “step one” of the impairment test by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit (as determinedforeign exchange contracts based on the discussion below) with the recorded book value (or “carrying amount”) of its net assets, with goodwill included in the computation of the carrying amount.  If the fair value ofobservable market rates on a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of that reporting unit is not considered impaired, and “step two” of the impairment test is not necessary.  If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, step two of the impairment test is performed to determine the amount of impairment.  Step two of the impairment test compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill to the “implied fair value” of that goodwill.  The implied fair value of goodwill is computed by assuming that all assets and liabilities of the reporting unit would be adjusted to the current fair value, with the offset as an adjustment to goodwill.  This adjusted goodwill balance is the implied fair value used in step two.  An impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. In connection with the determination of fair value, certain data and information is utilized, including earnings forecasts at the reporting unit level for the next four years.  Other key assumptions include terminal values based on future growth rates and discount rates for valuing the cash flows, which have inputs for the risk-free rate, market risk premium, and adjustments to reflect inherent risk and required market returns. Because of the significance of unobservable inputs in the valuation of goodwill impairment, goodwill subject to nonrecurring fair value adjustments is classified asrecurring basis, a Level 32 measurement.

Core Deposit Intangibles. Core deposit intangibles is initially recorded at fair value based on a valuation of the core deposits acquired and is amortized over its estimated useful life, which range from 4 to 10 years, to its residual value in proportion to the economic benefits consumed. The Company assesses the recoverability of this intangible asset on a nonrecurring basis using the core deposits remaining at the assessment date and the fair value of cash flows expected to be generated from the core deposits, a Level 3 measurement.

Other Real Estate Owned. Real estate acquired in the settlement of loans is initially recorded at fair value based on the appraised value of the property on the date of transfer, less estimated costs to sell, a Level 2 measurement. From time to time, nonrecurring fair value adjustments are made to other real estate owned based on the current updated appraised value of the property, also a Level 2 measurement, or management’s judgment and estimation of value reported on older appraisals that are then adjusted based on recent market trends, a Level 3 measurement.

 

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Investments in Venture Capital. The Company periodically reviews its investments in venture capital for other-than-temporary impairment on a nonrecurring basis. Investments in venture capital were written down to their fair value based on available financial reports from venture capital partnerships and management’s judgment and estimation, a Level 3 measurement.

Equity Investments. The Company records equity investments at fair value on a nonrecurring basis based on quoted market prices in active exchange markets at the reporting date, a Level 1 measurement.

The following tablestables present the Company’s hierarchy for itsfinancial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023 and December 31, 2016:2022:

 

September 30, 2017

 

Fair Value Measurements Using

  

Total at

 
 

June 30, 2023

    
 

Fair Value Measurements Using

 

Total Fair Value

 
 

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

  

Fair Value

  

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

  

Measurements

 
 

(In thousands)

  

(In thousands)

 
Assets                        
 

Securities available-for-sale

                 

U.S. Treasury securities

 $399,436  $-  $-  $399,436  $272,038  $—  $—  $272,038 

U.S. government agencies

  -   9,700   -   9,700 

U.S. government agency entities

 —  55,543  —  55,543 

U.S. government sponsored entities

  -   393,722   -   393,722  —  33,614  —  33,614 

State and municipal securities

  -   1,931   -   1,931 

Mortgage-backed securities

  -   446,065   -   446,065  —  822,244  —  822,244 

Collateralized mortgage obligations

  -   1,710   -   1,710  —  29,503  —  29,503 

Corporate debt securities

  -   80,906   -   80,906  —  251,928  —  251,928 

Foreign debt securities

  —   22,451   —   22,451 

Total securities available-for-sale

  272,038   1,215,283  —   1,487,321 
 

Equity securities

 

Mutual funds

  6,271   -   -   6,271  5,509  —  —  5,509 

Preferred stock of government sponsored entities

  8,087   -   -   8,087  1,391  —  —  1,391 

Other equity securities

  20,659   -   -   20,659   30,774   —   —   30,774 

Total securities available-for-sale

  434,453   934,034   -   1,368,487 

Warrants

  -   -   97   97 

Total equity securities

  37,674  —  —   37,674 
 

Interest rate swaps

 —  81,759  —  81,759 

Foreign exchange contracts

  -   1,725   -   1,725   —   648   —   648 

Interest rate swaps

  -   2,314   -   2,314 

Total assets

 $434,453  $938,073  $97  $1,372,623  $309,712  $1,297,690  $—  $1,607,402 
                 

Liabilities

                        
                

Option contracts

 $-  $234  $-  $234 

Interest rate swaps

 $—  $50,017  $—  $50,017 

Foreign exchange contracts

  -   1,083   -   1,083   —   632   —   632 

Interest rate swaps

  -   5,049   -   5,049 

Total liabilities

 $-  $6,366  $-  $6,366  $—  $50,649  $—  $50,649 

  

December 31, 2022

     
  

Fair Value Measurements Using

  

Total Fair Value

 
  

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

  

Measurements

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Assets

                

Securities available-for-sale

                

U.S. Treasury securities

 $240,500  $—  $—  $240,500 

U.S. government agency entities

  —   63,610   —   63,610 

U.S. government sponsored entities

  —   30,000   —   30,000 

Mortgage-backed securities

  —   867,094   —   867,094 

Collateralized mortgage obligations

  —   31,061   —   31,061 

Corporate debt securities

  —   241,083   —   241,083 

Total securities available-for-sale

  240,500   1,232,848   —   1,473,348 
                 

Equity securities

                

Mutual funds

  5,509   —   —   5,509 

Preferred stock of government sponsored entities

  1,289   —   —   1,289 

Other equity securities

  15,360   —   —   15,360 

Total equity securities

  22,158   —   —   22,158 
                 

Warrants

  —   —   50   50 

Interest rate swaps

  —   44,443   —   44,443 

Foreign exchange contracts

  —   448   —   448 

Total assets

 $262,658  $1,277,739  $50  $1,540,447 
                 

Liabilities

                

Interest rate swaps

 $—  $51,864  $—  $51,864 

Foreign exchange contracts

  —   942   —   942 
Total liabilities $—  $52,806  $—  $52,806 

 

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December 31, 2016

 

Fair Value Measurements Using

  

Total at

 
  

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

  

Fair Value

 
  

(In thousands)

 
Assets                
                 

Securities available-for-sale

                

U.S. Treasury securities

 $489,017  $-  $-  $489,017 

U.S. government sponsored entities

  -   390,331   -   390,331 

Mortgage-backed securities

  -   336,260   -   336,260 

Collateralized mortgage obligations

  -   28   -   28 

Corporate debt securities

  -   74,350   -   74,350 

Mutual funds

  6,230   -   -   6,230 

Preferred stock of government sponsored entities

  7,308   -   -   7,308 

Other equity securities

  10,821   -   -   10,821 

Total securities available-for-sale

  513,376   800,969   -   1,314,345 

Warrants

  -   -   79   79 

Interest rate swaps

  -   938   -   938 

Foreign exchange contracts

  -   1,302   -   1,302 

Total assets

 $513,376  $803,209  $79  $1,316,664 
                 

Liabilities

                
                 

Option contracts

 $-  $121  $-  $121 

Interest rate swaps

  -   3,744   -   3,744 

Foreign exchange contracts

  -   3,132   -   3,132 

Total liabilities

 $-  $6,997  $-  $6,997 

Financial assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis:

 

The CompanyCertain assets or liabilities are required to be measured theat estimated fair value of its warrants on a recurringnonrecurring basis using significant unobservable inputs. Thesubsequent to initial recognition. Generally, these adjustments are the result of lower-of-cost-or-fair value or other impairment write-downs of individual assets. In determining the estimated fair values during the period, the Company determined that substantially all the changes in estimated fair value of warrants was $97,000 as of Septemberwere due to declines in market conditions versus instrument specific credit risk. For the periods ended June 30, 2017, compared to $79,000 as of 2023, and December 31, 2016. The2022, there were no material adjustments to fair value adjustment of warrants was included in other operating income in the third quarter of 2017. The significant unobservable inputs in the Black-Scholes option pricing model for the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value of warrants are their expected life ranging from 1 to 6 years, risk-free interest rate from 1.51% to 2.28%, and stock volatility from 5.05% to 12.6%.on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP.

 

For financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that were still reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheetConsolidated Balance Sheets as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023, the following tables provideset forth the level of valuation assumptions used to determine each adjustment, the carrying value of the related individual assets as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023, and December 31, 2016, 2022, and the total losses for the periods indicated:

 

 

September 30, 2017

      

Total (Gains)/Losses

  

As of June 30, 2023

  

Total Losses

 
 

Fair Value Measurements Using

  

Total at

  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

  

Fair Value Measurements Using

 

Total Fair Value

 

For the Three Months Ended

 

For the Six Months Ended

 
 

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

  

Fair Value

  

September 30, 2017

  

September 30, 2016

  

September 30, 2017

  

September 30, 2016

  

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

  

Measurements

  

June 30, 2023

  

June 30, 2022

  

June 30, 2023

  

June 30, 2022

 
 

(In thousands)

  

(In thousands)

 

Assets

                                                                

Impaired loans by type:

                                

Non accrual loans by type:

                 

Commercial loans

 $-  $-  $12,525  $12,525  $-  $-  $25  $-  $—  $—  $7,921  $7,921  $34  $—  $2,037  $— 

Commercial mortgage loans

  -   -   21,997   21,997   -   -   -   -   —   —   7,762   7,762   1,202   —   5,192   — 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  -   -   10,790   10,790   -   -   -   - 

Total impaired loans

  -   -   45,312   45,312   -   -   25   - 

Total non accrual loans

 —  —  15,683  15,683  1,236  —  7,229  — 

Other real estate owned (1)

  -   6,317   4,322   10,639   405   (206)  654   9  —  —  4,328  4,328  —  —  —  — 

Investments in venture capital and private company stock

  -   -   3,023   3,023   12   187   365   419 

Investments in venture capital

  —   —   480   480   —   —   —   — 

Total assets

 $-  $6,317  $52,657  $58,974  $417  $(19) $1,044  $428  $—  $—  $20,491  $20,491  $1,236  $—  $7,229  $— 

 

(1)(1) Other real estate owned balance of $18.1$4.1 million in the condensed consolidated balance sheetConsolidated Balance Sheets is net of estimated disposal costs.

 

 

December 31, 2016

  

Total Losses

  

As of December 31, 2022

  

Total Losses

 
 

Fair Value Measurements Using

  

Total at

  

Twelve Months Ended

  

Fair Value Measurements Using

 

Total Fair Value

 

For the Twelve Months Ended

 
 

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

  

Fair Value

  

December 31, 2016

  

December 31, 2015

  

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

  

Measurements

  

December 31, 2022

  

December 31, 2021

 
 

(In thousands)

  

(In thousands)

 

Assets

                                                
             

Impaired loans by type:

                        

Non accrual loans by type:

             

Commercial loans

 $-  $-  $2,813  $2,813  $322  $806  $—  $—  $12,950  $12,950  $1,786  $1,012 

Commercial mortgage loans

  -   -   9,444   9,444   -   598  —  —  32,205  32,205  2,091  — 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  -   -   11,679   11,679   -   146  —  —  8,978  8,978  —  — 

Total impaired loans

  -   -   23,936   23,936   322   1,550 

Installment and other loans

  —   —   8   8   —   — 

Total non accrual loans

 —  —  54,141  54,141  3,877  1,012 

Other real estate owned (1)

  -   6,006   4,372   10,378   9   404  —  —  4,328  4,328  —  17 

Investments in venture capital and private company stock

  -   -   3,667   3,667   976   553 

Investments in venture capital

  —   —   689   689   268   143 

Total assets

 $-  $6,006  $31,975  $37,981  $1,307  $2,507  $—  $—  $59,158  $59,158  $4,145  $1,172 

 

(1)(1) Other real estate owned balance of $20.1$4.1 million in the condensed consolidated balance sheetConsolidated Balance Sheets is net of estimated disposal costs.

 

The significant unobservable (Level 3)3) inputs used in the fair value measurement of collateral for collateral-dependent impairedcollateral-dependent individually evaluated loans wasare primarily based on the appraised value of collateral adjusted by estimated sales cost and commissions. The Company generally obtains new appraisal reports every nine months.twelve months as appropriate. As the Company’s primary objective in the event of default would be to monetize the collateral to settle the outstanding balance of the loan, less marketable collateral would receive a larger discount. DuringIn the reported periods,current year, the Company used borrower specific collateral discounts rangedwith various discount levels.

The fair value of individually evaluated loans is calculated based on the net realizable fair value of the collateral or the observable market price of the most recent sale or quoted price from 55% inloans held for sale. The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. Nonrecurring fair value adjustments to collateral dependent individually evaluated loans are recorded based on the casecurrent appraised value of accounts receivablethe collateral, to 65% in the casea Level 2 measurement, or management’s judgment and estimation of inventory collateral.value using discounted future cash flows or old appraisals which are then adjusted based on recent market trends, a Level 3 measurement.

 

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of loans held for sale was primarily based on the quoted price or sale price adjusted by estimated sales cost and commissions.

The significant unobservable inputs(Level 3) used in the fair value measurement of other real estate owned (“OREO”) wasare primarily based on the appraised value of OREO adjusted by estimated sales cost and commissions. The Company applies estimated sales cost and commissions ranging from 3% to 6% of the collateral value of impairedindividually evaluated loans, quoted price, or loan sale price of loans held for sale, and appraised value of OREO.

13. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

The Company usessignificant unobservable inputs in the following methods and assumptions to estimateBlack-Scholes option pricing model for the fair value of each class of financial instruments.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. For cash and cash equivalents, the carrying amount was assumedwarrants are their expected life ranging from one to be a reasonable estimate of fair value, a Level 1 measurement.

Short-term Investments. For short-term investments, the carrying amount was assumed to be a reasonable estimate of fair value, a Level 1 measurement.

Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell. The fair value of securities purchased under agreements to resell is based on dealer quotes, a Level 2 measurement.

Securities. For securities, including securities held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, and for trading, fair values were based on quoted market prices at the reporting date. If a quoted market price was not available, fair value was estimated using quoted market prices for similar securities or dealer quotes. For certain actively traded agency preferred stock, U.S. Treasury securities, and other equity securities, the Company measures the fair value based on quoted market prices in active exchange markets at the reporting date, a Level 1 measurement. The Company also measures securities by using quoted market prices for similar securities or dealer quotes, a Level 2 measurement. This category generally includes U.S. Government agency securities, state and municipal securities, mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”), commercial MBS, collateralized mortgage obligations, asset-backed securities, and corporate bonds.

Loans Held for Sale. The Company records loans held for sale at fair value based on quoted prices from third party sources, or appraisal reports adjusted by sales commission assumptions.

Loans. Fair values were estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Each loan category was further segmented into fixed and adjustable rate interest terms and by performing and non-performing categories.

The fair value of performing loans was calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity using estimated market discount rates that reflect the credit andfive years, risk-free interest rate risk inherent in the loan, a Level 3 measurement.

The fair valuefrom 4.25% to 5.11%, and stock volatility from 20.14% to 27.69% as of impaired loans was calculated based on the net realizable fair value of the collateral or the observable market price of the most recent sale or quoted price from loans held for sale. The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. Nonrecurring fair value adjustments to collateral dependent impaired loans are recorded based on the current appraised value or adjusted appraised value of the collateral, a Level 2 or Level 3 measurement.

Deposit Liabilities. The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts, and certain money market deposits was assumed to be the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit was estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities, a Level 3 measurement.

Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase. The fair value of securities sold under agreements to repurchase is based on dealer quotes, a Level 2 measurement.

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank(“FHLB”). The fair value of the advances is based on quotes from the FHLB to settle the advances, a Level 2 measurement.

Other Borrowings. This category includes borrowings from other financial institutions.  The fair value of other borrowings is calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity using estimated market discount rates that reflect the credit and interest rate risk, a Level 3 measurement. 

Long-term Debt. The fair value of long-term debt is estimated based on the quoted market prices or dealer quotes, a Level 2 measurement.

Currency Option and Foreign Exchange Contracts. The Company measures the fair value of currency option and foreign exchange contracts based on dealer quotes, a Level 2 measurement.

Interest Rate Swaps. Fair value of interest rate swaps is derived from third party models with observable market data, a Level 2 measurement.

December 31,

Off-Balance-Sheet Financial Instruments. The fair value of commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit, and financial guarantees written were estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. The fair value of guarantees and letters of credit was based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate them or otherwise settle the obligations with the counterparties at the reporting date. The fair value of off-balance-sheet financial instruments was based on the assumptions that a market participant would use, a Level 3 measurement. 2022.

 

Fair value wasis estimated in accordance with ASC Topic 825. Fair value estimates wereare made at specific points in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Bank’sBank’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Bank’s financial instruments, fair value estimates wereare based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates wereare subjective in nature and involvedinvolve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

 

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The following table presentssets forth the carrying and notional amounts and estimated fair value of financial instruments as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023, and as of December 31, 2016:2022:

 

 

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

  

June 30, 2023

  

December 31, 2022

 
 

Carrying

      

Carrying

      

Carrying

     

Carrying

    
 

Amount

  

Fair Value

  

Amount

  

Fair Value

  

Amount

  

Fair Value

  

Amount

  

Fair Value

 
 

(In thousands)

  

(In thousands)

 

Financial Assets

                        

Cash and due from banks

 $167,886  $167,886  $218,017  $218,017  $187,886  $187,886  $195,440  $195,440 

Short-term investments

  573,059   573,059   967,067   967,067  1,294,379  1,294,379  966,962  966,962 

Securities available-for-sale

  1,368,487   1,368,487   1,314,345   1,314,345  1,487,321  1,487,321  1,473,348  1,473,348 

Loans held for sale

  -   -   7,500   7,500 

Loans, net

  12,472,475   12,403,100   11,077,315   11,006,344  18,788,188  18,647,234  18,100,898  17,944,588 

Equity securities

 37,674  37,674  22,158  22,158 

Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock

  21,948   21,948   17,250   17,250  25,242  25,242  17,250  17,250 

Investment in Federal Reserve Bank stock

  8,733   8,733   -   - 

Warrants

  97   97   79   79  —  —  50  50 

 

 

Notional

      

Notional

      

Notional

     

Notional

    
 

Amount

  

Fair Value

  

Amount

  

Fair Value

  

Amount

  

Fair Value

  

Amount

  

Fair Value

 

Foreign exchange contracts

 $69,278  $1,725  $82,439  $1,302  $249,696  $648  $72,996  $448 

Interest rate swaps

  155,671   2,314   361,526   938  1,402,060  81,759  817,615  44,443 

 

 

Carrying

      

Carrying

      

Carrying

     

Carrying

    
 

Amount

  

Fair Value

  

Amount

  

Fair Value

  

Amount

  

Fair Value

  

Amount

  

Fair Value

 

Financial Liabilities

                        

Deposits

 $12,561,695  $12,573,127  $11,674,726  $11,680,017  $19,097,003  $19,216,932  $18,505,279  $18,572,387 

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

  100,000   100,549   350,000   351,989 

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank

  595,000   595,037   350,000   350,062  815,000  811,425  485,000  482,737 

Other borrowings

  153,574   151,643   17,662   15,944  22,428  18,177  22,600  18,385 

Long-term debt

  119,136   68,056   119,136   63,169  119,136  66,685  119,136  68,231 

 

 

Notional

      

Notional

      

Notional

     

Notional

    
 

Amount

  

Fair Value

  

Amount

  

Fair Value

  

Amount

  

Fair Value

  

Amount

  

Fair Value

 

Option contracts

 $12,307  $234  $12,117  $121 

Foreign exchange contracts

  86,625   1,083   89,545   3,132  $49,196  $632  $170,213  $942 

Interest rate swaps

  510,841   5,049   119,136   3,744  640,397  50,017  595,426  51,864 

 

  

Notional

      

Notional

     
  

Amount

  

Fair Value

  

Amount

  

Fair Value

 

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

                

Commitments to extend credit

 $2,287,498  $(6,924) $2,062,241  $(6,025)

Standby letters of credit

  140,682   (1,699)  75,396   (668)

Other letters of credit

  41,868   (218)  37,283   (16)

Bill of lading guarantees

  24   -   75   - 

  

Notional

      

Notional

     
  

Amount

  

Fair Value

  

Amount

  

Fair Value

 

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

                

Commitments to extend credit

 $3,896,018  $(15,490) $3,630,304  $(14,797)

Standby letters of credit

  333,550   (2,727)  315,821   (2,738)

Other letters of credit

  10,515   (9)  29,416   (33)

 

The following tables presenttables set forth the level in the fair value hierarchy for the estimated fair values of financial instruments as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023, and December 31, 2016.2022:

 

  

September 30, 2017

 
  

Estimated

             
  

Fair Value

             
  

Measurements

  

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Financial Assets

                

Cash and due from banks

 $167,886  $167,886  $-  $- 

Short-term investments

  573,059   573,059   -   - 

Securities available-for-sale

  1,368,487   434,453   934,034   - 

Loans held-for-sale

  -   -   -   - 

Loans, net

  12,403,100   -   -   12,403,100 

Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock

  21,948   -   21,948   - 

Investment in Federal Reserve Bank stock

  8,733   -   8,733   - 

Warrants

  97   -   -   97 

Financial Liabilities

                

Deposits

  12,573,127   -   -   12,573,127 

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

  100,549   -   100,549   - 

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank

  595,037   -   595,037   - 

Other borrowings

  151,643   -   -   151,643 

Long-term debt

  68,056   -   68,056   - 

  

December 31, 2016

 
  

Estimated

             
  

Fair Value

             
  

Measurements

  

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Financial Assets

                

Cash and due from banks

 $218,017  $218,017  $-  $- 

Short-term investments

  967,067   967,067   -   - 

Securities available-for-sale

  1,314,345   513,376   800,969   - 

Loans held-for-sale

  7,500   -   -   7,500 

Loans, net

  11,006,344   -   -   11,006,344 

Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock

  17,250   -   17,250   - 

Warrants

  79   -   -   79 

Financial Liabilities

                

Deposits

  11,680,017   -   -   11,680,017 

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

  351,989   -   351,989   - 

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank

  350,062   -   350,062   - 

Other borrowings

  15,944   -   -   15,944 

Long-term debt

  63,169   -   63,169   - 

14. Goodwill and Goodwill Impairment

The Company’s policy is to assess goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis or between annual assessments if a triggering event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.  Impairment is the condition that exists when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value.  

  

As of June 30, 2023

 
  

Estimated

             
  

Fair Value

             
  

Measurements

  

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Financial Assets

                

Cash and due from banks

 $187,886  $187,886  $—  $— 

Short-term investments

  1,294,379   1,294,379   —   — 

Securities available-for-sale

  1,487,321   272,038   1,215,283   — 

Loans, net

  18,647,234   —   —   18,647,234 

Equity securities

  37,674   37,674   —   — 

Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock

  25,242   —   25,242   — 

Financial Liabilities

                

Deposits

  19,216,932   —   —   19,216,932 

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank

  811,425   —   811,425   — 

Other borrowings

  18,177   —   —   18,177 

Long-term debt

  66,685   —   66,685   — 

 

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As of December 31, 2022

 
  

Estimated

             
  

Fair Value

             
  

Measurements

  

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Financial Assets

                

Cash and due from banks

 $195,440  $195,440  $—  $— 

Short-term investments

  966,962   966,962   —   — 

Securities available-for-sale

  1,473,348   240,500   1,232,848   — 

Loans, net

  17,944,588   —   —   17,944,588 

Equity securities

  22,158   22,158   —   — 

Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock

  17,250   —   17,250   — 

Warrants

  50   —   —   50 

Financial Liabilities

                

Deposits

  18,572,387   —   —   18,572,387 

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank

  482,737   —   482,737   — 

Other borrowings

  18,385   —   —   18,385 

Long-term debt

  68,231   —   68,231   — 

14. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill. Total goodwill was $375.7 million as of June 30, 2023 and remains unchanged compared with December 31, 2022. The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment testing and concluded that goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2022. Additionally, the Company reviewed the macroeconomic conditions on its business performance and market capitalization as a result of the banking industry market disruptions during the first half of 2023 and concluded that goodwill was not impaired as of June 30, 2023.

Core Deposit Intangibles. As a result of the acquisition of HSBC’s West Coast mass retail market consumer banking business and retail business banking business, the Company added core deposit intangible of $3.1 million in 2022.

The following table presents the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of core deposits intangible assets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

  

June 30, 2023

  

December 31, 2022

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Gross balance

 $10,562  $10,562 

Accumulated amortization

  (5,709)  (4,291)

Impairment

  (309)  (918)

Net carrying balance

 $4,544  $5,353 

There was $309 thousand in impairment write-downs on core deposit intangibles for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $918 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2022 included in amortization of core deposit intangibles on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

 

The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not thatamortizes the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test described in ASC Topic 350. The two-step impairment testing process, if needed, begins by assigning net assets and goodwill to our two reporting units—Commercial Lending and Retail Banking.  The Company then completes “step one” of the impairment test by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit (as determinedcore deposit intangibles based on the discussion below) with the recorded book value (or “carrying amount”) of its net assets, with goodwill included in the computationprojected useful lives of the carrying amount.  If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of that reporting unit is not considered impaired, and “step two” of the impairment test is not necessary.  If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, step two of the impairment test is performed to determine the amount of impairment.  Step two of the impairment test compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwillrelated deposits. The amortization expense related to the “implied fair value” of that goodwill.  The implied fair value of goodwill is computed by assuming that allcore deposit intangible assets was $559 thousand and liabilities of the reporting unit would be adjusted to the current fair value, with the offset as an adjustment to goodwill.  This adjusted goodwill balance is the implied fair value used in step two.  An impairment charge is recognized$250 thousand for the amount by which the carrying amountthree months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

  

Amount

 
  

(In thousands)

 

2023

 $500 

2024

  1,001 

2025

  946 

2026

  870 

2027

  870 

Thereafter

  357 

Total

 $4,544 

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Table of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value.Contents

15. Financial Derivatives

 

As of September 30, 2017, the Company’s market capitalization was above book value and there was no triggering event that required theThe Company to assess goodwill for impairment as of an interim date.

15. Financial Derivatives

It is the policy of the Company does not to speculate on the future direction of interest rates. However,As part of the Company’s asset and liability management, however, the Company enters into financial derivatives in order to seek mitigation ofto mitigate exposure to interest rate risks relatedrelated to ourits interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. We believeThe Company believes that these transactions, when properly structured and managed, may provide a hedge against inherent interest rate risk in the Company’sour assets or liabilities and against risk in specific transactions. In such instances, the Company may enter intoprotect its position. Other hedging transactions may be implemented using interest rate swap contractsswaps, interest rate caps, floors, financial futures, forward rate agreements, and options on futures or other types of financial derivatives.bonds. Prior to considering any hedging activities, we seekthe Company seeks to analyze the costs and benefits of the hedge in comparison to other viable alternative strategies. All hedges will require an assessment of basis risk and must be approved by the Bancorp or the Bank’s Investment Committee.

 

The Company follows ASC Topic 815 that establishes accounting and reporting standards for financial derivatives, including certain financial derivatives embedded in other contracts, and hedging activities. It requires the recognition of all financial derivatives as assets or liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheetConsolidated Balance Sheets and measurement of those financial derivatives at fair value. The accounting treatment of changes in fair value is dependent upon whether or not a financial derivative is designated as a hedge and, if so, the type of hedge. Fair value is determined using third-partythird-party models with observable market data. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, changes in fair value are recognized in other comprehensive income and are reclassified to earnings when the hedged transaction is reflected in earnings. For derivatives designated as fair value hedges, changes in the fair value of the derivatives are reflected in current earnings, together with changes in the fair value of the related hedged item if there is a highly effective correlation between changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps and changes in the fair value of the underlying asset or liability that is intended to be hedged. If there is not a highly effective correlation between changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap and changes in the fair value of the underlying asset or liability that is intended to be hedged, then only the changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps are reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

In The Company offers various interest rate derivative contracts to its clients. When derivative transactions are executed with its clients, the derivative contracts are offset by paired trades with third-party financial institutions including with central counterparties (“CCP”). Certain derivative contracts entered with CCPs are settled-to-market daily to the extent the CCP’s rulebooks legally characterize the variation margin as settlement. Derivative contracts are intended to allow borrowers to lock in attractive intermediate and long-term fixed rate financing while not increasing the interest rate risk to the Company. These transactions are generally not linked to specific Company assets or liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets or to forecasted transactions in a hedging relationship and, therefore, are economic hedges. The contracts are marked to market at each reporting period. The changes in fair values of the derivative contracts traded with third-party financial institutions are expected to be largely comparable to the changes in fair values of the derivative transactions executed with clients throughout the terms of these contracts, except for the credit valuation adjustment component.  The Company records credit valuation adjustments on derivatives to properly reflect the variances of credit worthiness between the Company and the counterparties, considering the effects of enforceable master netting agreements and collateral arrangements. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had outstanding interest rate derivative contracts with certain clients and third-party financial institutions with a notional amount of $640.4 million and $595.4 million, respectively, with a fair value of $50.0 million and $50.0 million, respectively, for both clients and third-party financial institutions. As of June 30, 2023, there were no interest rate swaps cleared through the CCP. As of December 31, 2022, the notional amount $205.6 million of interest rate swaps cleared through the CCP. Applying variation margin payments as settlement to CCP cleared derivative transactions resulted in a reduction in derivative asset fair values of $20.2 million as of December 31, 2022. The decrease in interest rate swaps cleared through the CCP is a result of the Company moving to SOFR based swaps and no longer entering into Libor based swaps that are cleared through CCP.

In May 2014, Bancorp entered into interest rate swap contracts in the notional amount of $119.1 million for a period of ten years. The objective of these interest rate swap contracts, which were designated as hedging instruments in cash flow hedges, was to hedge the quarterly interest payments on Bancorp’s $119.1 million of Junior Subordinated Debentures that had been issued to five trusts, with the quarterly interest payments throughout the ten-yearten-year period beginning in June 2014 and ending in June 2024, from the risk of variability of these payments resulting from changes in the three-monththree-month LIBOR interest rate. Bancorp paysThe Company early terminated these cash flow derivative swaps in 2022 and realized a weighted average fixedgain of $4.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and is recognizing the amount as a reduction of long-term debt interest rate of 2.61% and receives a variable interest rateexpense over the remaining life of the three-month LIBOR atswaps on a weighted average rate of 1.32%.straight-line basis. As of September 30, 2017, December 31, 2022, the notional amountineffective portion of cash flowthese interest rate swaps was $119.1 million and their unrealized loss of $2.3 million, net of taxes, was included in other comprehensive income.not significant. The amount of periodic net settlement of the interest rate swaps included in interest expense was $407,000a net gain of $484 thousand for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 compared to $588,000 for the same quarter2022 and a year ago. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the periodic net settlementgain of interest rate swaps included in interest expense was $1.3 million compared to $1.8$1.2 million for the same period in 2016.six months ended June 30, 2022.

 

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023, the Bank has entered intoBank’s outstanding fair value interest rate swap contracts with various terms from four to eight years. These interest rate swap contracts are matched to individual fixed-rate commercial real estate loans in the Bank’s loan portfolio.had a notional amount of $90.0 million with a fair value of $6.1 million and various terms from three to ten years. These contracts have been designated as hedging instruments to hedge the risk of changes in the fair value of the underlying commercial real estate loanloans due to changes in interest rates. The swap contracts are structured so that the notional amounts reduce over time to match the contractual amortization of the underlying loan and allow prepayments with the same pre-payment penalty amounts as the related loan. The Bank pays a weighted average fixed rate of 4.55% and receives a variable rate at the one month LIBOR rate plus a weighted average spread of 293 basis points, or at a weighted average rate of 4.16%. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, the notional amount of fair value interest rate swaps was $510.6 million 2023 and their unrealized gain of $1.9 million was included in other non-interest income. The amount of periodic net settlement of interest rate swaps reducing interest income was $514,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $879,000 for the same quarter a year ago. The amount of periodic net settlement of interest rate swaps reducing interest income was $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $2.8 million for the same period a year ago. As of September 30, 2017,2022, the ineffective portion of these interest rate swaps was not significant.

The Company has designated as a partial-term hedging election of $668.6 million notional with a fair value of $25.8 million as last-of-layer hedge on pools of loans with a notational value of $1.17 billion as of June 30, 2023. The loans are not expected to be affected by prepayment, defaults, or other factors affecting the timing and amount of cash flows under the last-of-layer method. The Company has entered into these pay-fixed and receive 1-Month LIBOR or 1-Month Term SOFR interest rate swaps to convert the last-of-layer $668.6 million portion of $1.17 billion fixed rate loan pools in order to reduce the Company’s exposure to higher interest rates for the last-of-layer tranches. As of June 30, 2023, the last-of-layer loan tranche had a fair value loss basis adjustment of $24.7 million. The interest rate swap converts this last-of-layer tranche into a floating rate instrument. The Company’s risk management objective with respect to this last-of-layer interest rate swap is to reduce interest rate exposure as to the last-of-layer tranche.

 

Interest rate swap contracts involve the risk of dealing with institutional derivative counterparties and their ability to meet contractual terms. Institutional counterparties must have a strong credit profile and be approved by the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company’s credit exposure on interest rate swaps is limited to the net favorable value and interest payments of all swaps by each counterparty. Credit exposure may be reduced by the amount of collateral pledged by the counterparty. Bancorp’s interest rate swaps have been assigned by the counterparties to a derivativesderivative clearing organization and daily margin is indirectly maintained with the derivativesderivative clearing organization. CashThere was no cash collateral deposit posted as collateral by Bancorp related to fair value derivative contracts totaled $6.3as of June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

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Table of Contents

The notional amount and net unrealized loss of the Company’s fair value derivative financial instruments as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were as follows:

  

June 30, 2023

  

December 31, 2022

 
  (In thousands) 

Fair value swap hedges:

 

 

 

Notional

 $758,655  $874,034 

Weighted average fixed rate-pay

  1.82%  2.12%

Weighted average variable rate spread

  0.38%  0.68%

Weighted average variable rate-receive

  5.19%  2.61%
         

Unrealized gain

 $31,954  $38,589 

  

Three months ended

  

Six months ended

 
  

June 30, 2023

  

June 30, 2022

  

June 30, 2023

  

June 30, 2022

 

Periodic net settlement of swaps (1)

 $7,070  $484  $13,406  $1,172 

(1) the amount of periodic net settlement of interest rate swaps was included in interest income.

Included in the total notional amount of $758.7 million of the fair value interest rate contracts entered into with financial counterparties as of June 30, 2023, was a notional amount of $448.1 million of interest rate swaps that cleared through the CCP. Applying variation margin payments as settlement to CCP cleared derivative transactions resulted in a reduction in derivative asset fair values of $18.8 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017.2023.

 

The Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts with various counterparties to mitigate the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates for foreign exchange certificates of deposit or foreign exchange contracts entered into with our clients. These contracts are not designated as hedging instruments and are recorded at fair value in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the fair value of these contracts as well as the related foreign exchange certificates of deposit and foreign exchange contracts are recognized immediately in net income as a component of non-interest income. Period end gross positive fair values are recorded in other assets and gross negative fair values are recorded in other liabilities. As of September 30, 2017, the

The notional amount of option contracts totaled $12.3 million with a net negativeand fair value of $234,000. As of September 30, 2017, spot, forward, and swap contracts with a total notional amount of $69.3 million had a positive fair value of $1.7 million. Spot, forward, and swap contracts with a total notional amount of $86.6 million had a negative fair value of $1.1 millionthe Company’s derivative financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017. As of 2023, and December 31, 2016,2022, not including interest rate swaps cleared through the notional amount of option contracts totaled $12.1 million with a net negative fair value of $121,000. As of December 31, 2016, spot, forward, and swap contracts with a total notional amount of $82.4 million had a positive fair value of $1.3 million. Spot, forward, and swap contracts with a total notional amount of $89.5 million had a negative fair value of $3.1 millionCCP, were as of December 31, 2016.follows:

 

Derivative financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments:

 

June 30, 2023

  

December 31, 2022

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Notional amounts:

        

Forward, and swap contracts with positive fair value

 $890,093  $72,996 

Forward, and swap contracts with negative fair value

 $689,593  $170,213 

Fair value:

        

Forward, and swap contracts with positive fair value

 $50,663  $448 

Forward, and swap contracts with negative fair value

 $(50,647) $(942)

 

16.16. Balance Sheet Offsetting

 

Certain financial instruments, including resell and repurchase agreements, securities lending arrangements and derivatives, may be eligible for offset in the condensed consolidated balance sheetsConsolidated Balance Sheets and/or subject to master netting arrangements or similar agreements. The Company’s securities sold with agreements to repurchase and derivative transactions with upstream financial institution counterparties are generally executed under International Swaps and Derivative Association master agreements that include “right of set-off” provisions. In such cases, there is generally a legally enforceable right to offset recognized amounts and there may be an intention to settle such amounts on a net basis. Nonetheless, the Company does not generally offset such financial instruments for financial reporting purposes.

 

Financial instruments that are eligible for offset in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, Consolidated Balance Sheets, as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023, and December 31, 2016, 2022, are presentedset forth in the following table:

 

             

Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Balance Sheet

              

Gross Amounts Not Offset in the

Balance Sheet

 
 

Gross Amounts Recognized

  

Gross Amounts

Offset in the

Balance Sheet

  

Net Amounts

Presented in

the Balance

Sheet

  

Financial

Instruments

  

Collateral

Posted

  

Net Amount

  

Gross

Amounts

Recognized

  

Gross Amounts

Offset in the

Balance Sheet

  

Net Amounts

Presented in the

Balance Sheet

  

Financial

Instruments

  

Collateral

Posted

  

Net Amount

 

September 30, 2017

 

(In thousands)

 
                         

(In thousands)

 

Assets:

                        

Derivatives

 $2,314  $-  $2,314  $-  $-  $2,314 

Liabilities:

                        

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

 $100,000  $-  $100,000  $-  $(100,000) $- 

Derivatives

 $5,049  $-  $5,049  $-  $(5,049) $- 
                        

December 31, 2016

                        
                        
June 30, 2023             

Assets:

                                                

Derivatives

 $938  $-  $938  $-  $-  $938  $81,760  $18,768  $62,992  $—  $61,790  $1,202 
                                     

Liabilities:

                                                

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

 $350,000  $-  $350,000  $-  $(350,000) $- 

Derivatives

 $3,744  $-  $3,744  $-  $(3,744) $-  $50,017  $—  $50,017  $—  $—  $50,017 
             

December 31, 2022

                        

Assets:

                        

Derivatives

 $90,451  $46,008  $44,443  $—  $42,930  $1,513 
             

Liabilities:

                        

Derivatives

 $51,864  $—  $51,864  $—  $—  $51,864 

  

37
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Table of Contents

17. Revenue from Contracts with Clients

 

The following is a summary of revenue from contracts with clients that are in-scope and not in-scope under ASC Topic 606:

  

Three months Ended June 30,

  

Six months Ended June 30,

 
  

2023

  

2022

  

2023

  

2022

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Non-interest income, in-scope:

                

Fees and service charges on deposit accounts

 $2,336  $2,349  $4,855  $4,758 

Wealth management fees

  3,639   3,956   7,536   8,310 

Other service fees(1)

  4,591   4,203   8,135   8,272 

Total noninterest income

  10,566   10,508   20,526   21,340 
                 

Noninterest income, not in-scope(2)

  12,544   4,110   16,828   13,510 

Total noninterest income

 $23,110  $14,618  $37,354  $34,850 

(1) Other service fees comprise of fees related to letters of credit, wire fees, fees on foreign exchange transactions and other immaterial individual revenue streams.

(2) These amounts primarily represent revenue from contracts with clients that are out of the scope of ASC Topic 606.

The major revenue streams by fee type that are within the scope of ASC Topic 606 presented in the above table are described in additional detail below:

Fees and Services Charges on Deposit Accounts

Fees and service charges on deposit accounts include charges for analysis, overdraft, cash checking, ATM, and safe deposit activities executed by our deposit clients, as well as interchange income earned through card payment networks for the acceptance of card-based transactions. Fees earned from our deposit clients are governed by contracts that provide for overall custody and access to deposited funds and other related services and can be terminated at will by either party. Fees received from deposit clients for the various deposit activities are recognized as revenue by the Company once the performance obligations are met.

Wealth Management Fees

The Company employs financial consultants to provide investment planning services for clients including wealth management services, asset allocation strategies, portfolio analysis and monitoring, investment strategies, and risk management strategies. The fees the Company earns are variable and are generally received monthly by the Company. The Company recognizes revenue for the services performed at quarter end based on actual transaction details received from the broker dealer the Company engages.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

The Company applies the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-50-14 and does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations as the Company’s contracts with clients generally have a term that is less than one year, are open-ended with a cancellation period that is less than one year or allow the Company to recognize revenue in the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice.

In addition, given the short-term nature of the contracts, the Company also applies the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-32-18 and does not adjust the consideration from clients for the effects of a significant financing component, if at contract inception the period between when the entity transfers the goods or services and when the client pays for that good or service is one year or less.

118. Stockholders’7 Equity. Stockholders’ Equity

 

Total equity was $2.0$2.60 billion as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023, an increase of $140.2$128.6 million, from $1.8$2.47 billion as of December 31, 2016, 2022, primarily due to net income of $150.1$189.2 million, other comprehensive income of $3.2 million, stock-based compensation of $3.0 million, proceeds from dividend reinvestment of $1.8 million, and equity consideration for the acquisitionstock issued to directors of SinoPac Bancorp of $34.9$0.9 million, partially offset by, common stock cash dividends of $50.5$49.3 million, purchases of treasury stock of $16.7 million, and shares withheld related to net share settlement of RSUs of $5.1$3.5 million.

 

The U.S. Treasury received warrants to purchase common stock

29
Table of 1,846,374 shares at an exercise price of $20.96 as part of the Company’s participation in the U.S. Treasury Troubled Asset Relief Program Capital Purchase Program. As a result of the anti-dilution adjustments under the warrant, the exercise price at December 31, 2016 has been adjusted to $20.65 and the number of warrants increased by 1.5%. At September 30, 2017, 932,461 warrants remain exercisable compared to 943,345 warrants at December 31, 2016.

Contents

Activity in accumulated other comprehensive income,income/(loss), net of tax, and reclassification out of accumulated other comprehensive incomeincome/(loss) for the three months and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017, 2023, and SeptemberJune 30, 2016, 2022, was as follows:

 

 

Three months ended September 30, 2017

  

Three months ended September 30, 2016

  

Three months ended June 30, 2023

  

Three months ended June 30, 2022

 
 

Pre-tax

  

Tax expense/ (benefit)

  

Net-of-tax

  

Pre-tax

  

Tax expense/ (benefit)

  

Net-of-tax

  

Pre-tax

  

Tax expense/

(benefit)

  

Net-of-tax

  

Pre-tax

  

Tax expense/

(benefit)

  

Net-of-tax

 

 

(In thousands)

  

(In thousands)

 

Beginning balance, loss, net of tax

                
Beginning balance, gain/(loss), net of taxBeginning balance, gain/(loss), net of tax                

Securities available-for-sale

         $1,001          $8,539 

Securities available-for-sale

    $(93,173)      $(45,755)

Cash flow hedge derivatives

          (2,421)          (7,397)

Cash flow hedge derivatives

     2,096        (222)

Total

         $(1,420)         $1,142          $(91,077)         $(45,977)

Net unrealized (losses)/gains arising during the period

                        
 

Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period

            

Securities available-for-sale

 $1,829  $769  $1,060  $1,618  $680  $938  $(10,691) $(3,160) $(7,531) $(37,557) $(11,102) $(26,455)

Cash flow hedge derivatives

  271   114   157   1,387   583   804   (626)  (185)  (441)  1,567   463   1,104 

Total

  2,100   883   1,217   3,005   1,263  $1,742  $(11,317) $(3,345) $(7,972) $(35,990) $(10,639) $(25,351)
 

Reclassification adjustment for net losses in net income

                                    

Securities available-for-sale

  (24)  (10)  (14)  (1,692)  (711)  (981) —  —  —  —  —  — 

Cash flow hedge derivatives

  -   -   -   -   -   -   —   —   —   —   —   — 

Total

  (24)  (10)  (14)  (1,692)  (711)  (981)  —   —   —   —   —   — 

Total other comprehensive (loss)/income

                        
 

Total other comprehensive income/(loss)

            

Securities available-for-sale

  1,805   759   1,046   (74)  (31)  (43) $(10,691) $(3,160) $(7,531) $(37,557) $(11,102) $(26,455)

Cash flow hedge derivatives

  271   114   157   1,387   583   804   (626)  (185)  (441)  1,567   463   1,104 

Total

 $2,076  $873  $1,203  $1,313  $552  $761  $(11,317) $(3,345) $(7,972) $(35,990) $(10,639) $(25,351)

Ending balance, (loss)/gain, net of tax

                        
 

Ending balance, gain/(loss), net of tax

            

Securities available-for-sale

         $2,047          $8,496 

Securities available-for-sale

    $(100,704)      $(72,210)

Cash flow hedge derivatives

          (2,264)          (6,593)

Cash flow hedge derivatives

     1,655        882 

Total

         $(217)         $1,903          $(99,049)         $(71,328)

  

Six months ended June 30, 2023

  

Six months ended June 30, 2022

 
  

Pre-tax

  

Tax expense/ (benefit)

  

Net-of-tax

  

Pre-tax

  

Tax expense/ (benefit)

  

Net-of-tax

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 
Beginning balance, gain/(loss), net of tax                     

Securities available-for-sale

      $(104,832)         $211 

Cash flow hedge derivatives

       2,537           (3,276)

Total

         $(102,295)         $(3,065)
                         

Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period

                        

Securities available-for-sale

 $5,860  $1,732  $4,128  $(102,812) $(30,391) $(72,421)

Cash flow hedge derivatives

  (1,252)  (370)  (882)  5,903   1,745   4,158 

Total

 $4,608  $1,362  $3,246  $(96,909) $(28,646) $(68,263)
                         

Reclassification adjustment for net losses in net income

                        

Securities available-for-sale

  —   —   —   —   —   — 

Cash flow hedge derivatives

  —   —   —   —   —   — 

Total

  —   —   —   —   —   — 
                         

Total other comprehensive income/(loss)

                        

Securities available-for-sale

 $5,860  $1,732  $4,128  $(102,812) $(30,391) $(72,421)

Cash flow hedge derivatives

  (1,252)  (370)  (882)  5,903   1,745   4,158 

Total

 $4,608  $1,362  $3,246  $(96,909) $(28,646) $(68,263)
                         

Ending balance, gain/(loss), net of tax

                        

Securities available-for-sale

      $(100,704)         $(72,210)

Cash flow hedge derivatives

       1,655           882 

Total

         $(99,049)         $(71,328)

 

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Nine months ended September 30, 2017

  

Nine months ended September 30, 2016

 
  

Pre-tax

  

Tax expense/ (benefit)

  

Net-of-tax

  

Pre-tax

  

Tax expense/ (benefit)

  

Net-of-tax

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Beginning balance, loss, net of tax

                        

Securities available-for sale

         $(1,545)         $(5,431)

Cash flow hedge derivatives

          (2,170)          (2,995)

Total

         $(3,715)         $(8,426)

Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period

                        

Securities available-for sale

 $5,759  $2,421  $3,338  $27,170  $11,422  $15,748 

Cash flow hedge derivatives

  (162)  (68)  (94)  (6,208)  (2,610)  (3,598)

Total

  5,597   2,353   3,244   20,962   8,812  $12,150 

Reclassification adjustment for net (gains)/losses in net income

                        

Securities available-for sale

  439   185   254   (3,141)  (1,320)  (1,821)

Cash flow hedge derivatives

  -   -   -   -   -   - 

Total

  439   185   254   (3,141)  (1,320)  (1,821)

Total other comprehensive income/(loss)

                        

Securities available-for sale

  6,198   2,606   3,592   24,029   10,102   13,927 

Cash flow hedge derivatives

  (162)  (68)  (94)  (6,208)  (2,610)  (3,598)

Total

 $6,036  $2,538  $3,498  $17,821  $7,492  $10,329 

Ending balance, gain/(loss), net of tax

                        

Securities available-for sale

         $2,047          $8,496 

Cash flow hedge derivatives

          (2,264)          (6,593)

Total

         $(217)         $1,903 

18.19. Stock Repurchase Program

 

On February 1, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a new stock repurchase program to buy back up to $45.0 million of our common stock. In 2016, 21, 2023, the Company repurchased 1,380,578completed its May 2022 stock buyback program by repurchasing 375,090 shares at an average cost of $44.20 in the first quarter of 2023,for $37.5 million, or $27.13 per share under the February 2016 repurchase program. The Company did not repurchase any shares under the February 2016 repurchase program for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Asa total of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company may repurchase up to $7.5 million of its common stock under the February 2016 repurchase program.$16.6 million.

  

120. Subsequent Events9. Subsequent Events

 

The Company has evaluated the effect of the following events that have occurred subsequent to the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 2023, through the date of issuance of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Bank received final regulatory approvalConsolidated Financial Statements, and, based on such evaluation, the merger of Far East National Bank into Cathay Bank was completed on October 27, 2017.  Each of the nine former FENB branches in California and its representative office in Beijing became a branch and representative office of Cathay Bank as a result of the merger.  As of the filing date of this report, Cathay Bank operates 43 branches in California, 12 branches in New York State, threeCompany believes that there have been no material events during such period that would require recognition in the Chicago, Illinois area, threeConsolidated Financial Statements or disclosure in Washington State, two in Texas, one in Maryland, one in Massachusetts, one in Nevada, one in New Jersey, one in Hong Kong, and a representative office in Taipei, Shanghai, and Beijing.the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Table of Contents

Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSOPERATIONS..

 

The following discussion is based on the assumption that the reader has access to and has read the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2022.

 

Critical Accounting Policies

 

The discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations are based upon its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements,Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statementsConsolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues, and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements.the Consolidated Financial Statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

 

Critical accounting policies involve significant judgments, assumptions and uncertainties and are essential to understanding the Company’s results of operations and financial condition. Management of the Company considers the following to be critical accounting policies:

 

Accounting for the allowance for loan losses involves significant judgments and assumptions by management, which have a material impact on, among other things, the carrying value of net loans. The judgments and assumptions used by management are based on historical experience and other factors, which are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances as described in “Allowance for Credit Losses” under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies” in the 2022 Form 10-K. For more information, please also see Note 3 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Accounting for investment securities involves significant judgments and assumptions by management, which have a material impact on the carrying value of securities and the recognition of any “other-than-temporary” impairment to our investment securities. The judgments and assumptions used by management are described in “Investment Securities” under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Accounting for income taxes involves significant judgments and assumptions by management, which have a material impact on the amount of taxes currently payable and the income tax expense recorded in the financial statements. The judgments and assumptions used by management are described in “Income Taxes” under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Accounting for goodwill and goodwill impairment involves significant judgments and assumptions by management, which have a material impact on the amount of goodwill and noninterest expense recorded in the financial statements. The judgments and assumptions used by management are described in “Goodwill and Goodwill Impairment” under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

HighlightsHighlights

 

●

Completed the acquisition of SinoPac Bancorp, the holding company for Far East National Bank, (“FENB”) on July 14, 2017.

 

●

Total gross loans during the third quarter increased by $1.0$635.5 million, or 13.9% annualized, to $19.0 billion to $12.6 billion.in the second quarter of 2023.

 

●

NetThe net interest margin increaseddecreased to 3.75% in the third quarter compared to 3.63%3.44% in the second quarter of 2017.2023 from 3.74% in the first quarter of 2023.

●

Diluted earnings per share decreased to $1.28 for the second quarter 2023 compared to $1.32 for the first quarter of 2023.

 

Quarterly Statement of Operations Review

 

Net Income

 

Net income for the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, was $49.7$93.2 million, an increase of $3.6$4.2 million, or 7.8%4.7%, compared to net income of $46.1$89.0 million for the same quarter a year ago. Diluted earnings per share for the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, was $0.61$1.28 per share compared to $0.58$1.18 per share for the same quarter a year ago.

 

Return on average stockholders’stockholders’ equity was 9.77%14.47% and return on average assets was 1.29%1.67% for the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, compared to a return on average stockholders’ equity of 10.30%14.62% and a return on average assets of 1.38%1.69% for the same quarter a year ago.

 

FinancialFinancial Performance

 

 

Three months ended

  

Three months ended

 
 

September 30, 2017

  

September 30, 2016

  

June 30, 2023

  

June 30, 2022

 

Net income

 $49.7 million  $46.1 million 

Net income (in millions)

 $93.2  $89.0 

Basic earnings per common share

 $0.62  $0.58  $1.29  $1.19 

Diluted earnings per common share

 $0.61  $0.58  $1.28  $1.18 

Return on average assets

  1.29%  1.38% 1.67% 1.69%

Return on average total stockholders' equity

  9.77%  10.30% 14.47% 14.62%

Efficiency ratio

  41.91%  45.05% 45.36% 39.06%

 

Net Interest Income Before Provision for Credit Losses

 

NetNet interest income before provision for credit losses increased $29.4$6.4 million, or 28.3%3.7%, to $133.2$181.5 million during the thirdsecond quarter of 20172023, compared to $103.8$175.1 million during the same quarter a year ago. The increase was due primarily to an increase in interest income from loans and a decreasesecurities offset by an increase in interest expense from securities sold under agreements to repurchase.deposits.

 

The net interest margin was 3.75% for the third quarter of 2017 compared to 3.36% for the third quarter of 2016 and 3.63%3.44% for the second quarter of 2017. The increase from2023 compared to 3.52% for the second quarter of 2017 was primarily2022 and 3.74% for the resultfirst quarter of interest recoveries and prepayment penalties of $5.6 million.2023.

 

For the thirdsecond quarter of 2017, 2023, the yield on average interest-earning assets was 4.34%5.68%, the cost of funds on average interest-bearing liabilities was 0.81%2.99%, and the cost of interest-bearing deposits was 0.68%2.91%. In comparison, for the thirdsecond quarter of 2016,2022, the yield on average interest-earning assets was 4.02%3.81%, the cost of funds on average interest-bearing liabilities was 0.89%0.41%, and the cost of average interest-bearing deposits was 0.70%0.37%. The increase in the yield on average interest earninginterest-earning assets was a result ofresulted mainly from higher interest rates, interest income collected from nonaccrual loans and loan prepayment penalties.rates. The net interest spread, defined as the difference between the yield on average interest-earning assets and the cost of funds on average interest-bearing liabilities, was 3.53%2.69% for the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023 compared to 3.13%3.40% for the same quarter a year ago.

 

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The following table sets forth information concerning average interest-earning assets, average interest-bearing liabilities, and the average yields and rates paid on those assets and liabilities for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, and 2016.2022. Average outstanding amounts included in the table are daily averages.

 

Interest-Earning Assets and Interest-Bearing Liabilities

 
 

Three months ended September 30,

  

Interest-Earning Assets and Interest-Bearing Liabilities

 
 

2017

  

2016

  

Three months ended June 30,

 
     

Interest

  

Average

      

Interest

  

Average

  

2023

  

2022

 
 

Average

  

Income/

  

Yield/

  

Average

  

Income/

  

Yield/

      

Interest

 

Average

     

Interest

 

Average

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Balance

  

Expense

  

Rate (1)(2)

  

Balance

  

Expense

  

Rate (1)(2)

 

Interest earning assets:

                        

Total loans and leases (1)

 $12,317,721  $146,383   4.71%  10,670,253   118,500   4.42 
 

Average

 

Income/

 

Yield/

 

Average

 

Income/

 

Yield/

 
 

Balance

  

Expense

  

Rate (1)(2)

  

Balance

  

Expense

  

Rate (1)(2)

 
 

(In thousands)

 

Interest-earning assets:

            

Total loans (1)

 $18,503,889  $273,478  5.93% $17,530,650  $181,022  4.14%

Investment securities

  1,396,859   5,692   1.62   1,303,598   4,850   1.48  1,561,443  12,370  3.18  1,249,679  5,748  1.84 

Federal Home Loan Bank and FRB stock

  32,369   607   7.44   17,268   393   9.05 

Interest bearing deposits

  292,595   1,288   1.75   294,292   412   0.56 

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell

  35,707   108   1.20           - 

Federal Home Loan Bank stock

 18,431  298  6.49  17,250  255  5.93 

Deposits with banks

  1,090,019   13,959   5.14   1,173,702   2,508   0.86 

Total interest-earning assets

  14,075,251   154,078   4.34   12,285,411   124,155   4.02   21,173,782   300,105   5.68   19,971,281   189,533   3.81 

Non-interest earning assets:

                                    

Cash and due from banks

  294,466           223,925          231,269       171,047      

Other non-earning assets

  1,094,648           884,006           1,150,194        1,088,515      

Total non-interest earning assets

  1,389,114           1,107,931          1,381,463       1,259,562      

Less: Allowance for loan losses

  (105,390)          (123,609)         (144,750)      (146,087)     

Deferred loan fees

  (4,852)          (6,348)          (6,888)       (5,122)     

Total assets

 $15,354,123          $13,263,385          $22,403,607          $21,079,634         
                         

Interest bearing liabilities:

                        

Interest bearing demand accounts

 $1,349,508  $588   0.17  $1,060,065  $441   0.17 

Interest-bearing liabilities:

            

Interest-bearing demand accounts

 $2,325,101  $9,129  1.57  $2,459,940  $810  0.13 

Money market accounts

  2,496,548   3,944   0.63   2,117,831   3,511   0.66  3,047,163  19,367  2.55  5,291,824  5,879  0.45 

Savings accounts

  942,452   569   0.24   627,912   260   0.16  1,076,260  2,163  0.81  1,183,821  206  0.07 

Time deposits

  4,939,189   11,678   0.94   4,651,593   10,701   0.92   8,803,900   79,975   3.64   4,881,365   5,724   0.47 

Total interest-bearing deposits

  9,727,697   16,779   0.68   8,457,401   14,913   0.70   15,252,424   110,634   2.91   13,816,950   12,619   0.37 
                         

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

  109,239   874   3.17   378,261   3,828   4.03 

Other borrowings

  324,581   1,773   2.17   107,203   134   0.50  508,081  6,386  5.04  82,660  312  1.51 

Long-term debt

  119,136   1,456   4.85   119,136   1,456   4.86   119,136   1,552   5.22   119,136   1,439   4.85 

Total interest-bearing liabilities

  10,280,653   20,882   0.81   9,062,001   20,331   0.89   15,879,641   118,572   2.99   14,018,746   14,370   0.41 
 

Non-interest bearing liabilities:

                                    

Demand deposits

  2,714,244           2,254,123          3,667,533       4,391,925      

Other liabilities

  339,001           167,409          272,756       227,835      

Total equity

  2,020,224           1,779,852           2,583,677        2,441,128      

Total liabilities and equity

 $15,354,122          $13,263,385          $22,403,607          $21,079,634         
 

Net interest spread

          3.53%          3.13%       2.69%       3.40%

Net interest income

     $133,196          $103,824         $181,533       $175,163    

Net interest margin

          3.75%          3.36%       3.44%       3.52%

 

(1) Yields and amounts of interest earned include loan fees. Non-accrual loans are included in the average balance.

(2) Calculated by dividing net interest income by average outstanding interest-earning assets.

 

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The followingfollowing table summarizes the changes in interest income and interest expense attributable to changes in volume and changes in interest rates:rates for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

 

Taxable-Equivalent Net Interest Income — Changes Due to Volume and Rate(1)Taxable-Equivalent Net Interest Income — Changes Due to Volume and Rate(1)

Taxable-Equivalent Net Interest Income — Changes Due to Volume and Rate(1)

 
 

Three months ended September 30,

  

Three months ended June 30,

 
 

2017-2016

  2023-2022  
 

Increase (Decrease) in

  

Increase/(Decrease) in

 
 

Net Interest Income Due to:

  

Net Interest Income Due to:

 

(In thousands)

 

Changes in

Volume

  

Changes in

Rate

  

Total

Change

 
 

Changes in

Volume

  

Changes in

Rate

  

Total

Change

 
             

(In thousands)

 

Interest-earning assets:

                  

Loans and leases

 $19,431  $8,452  $27,883 

Loans

 $10,544  $81,912  $92,456 

Investment securities

  368   474   842  1,700  4,922  6,622 

Federal Home Loan Bank and FRB stock

  294   (80)  214 

Federal Home Loan Bank stock

 18  25  43 

Deposits with other banks

  (2)  878   876   (192)  11,643   11,451 

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell

  108   -   108 

Total changes in interest income

  20,199   9,724   29,923   12,070   98,502   110,572 
             

Interest-bearing liabilities:

                  

Interest bearing demand accounts

  126   21   147 

Interest-bearing demand accounts

 (47) 8,366  8,319 

Money market accounts

  610   (177)  433  (3,477) 16,965  13,488 

Savings accounts

  162   147   309  (21) 1,978  1,957 

Time deposits

  696   281   977  7,903  66,348  74,251 

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

  (2,277)  (677)  (2,954)

Other borrowed funds

  617   1,022   1,639  4,185  1,889  6,074 

Long-term debt

  -   -   - 

Long-term debts

  —   113   113 

Total changes in interest expense

  (66)  617   551   8,543   95,659   104,202 
       

Changes in net interest income

 $20,265  $9,107  $29,372  $3,527  $2,843  $6,370 

 

(1)

Changes in interest income and interest expense attributable to changes in both volume and rate have been allocated proportionately to changes due to volume and changes due to rate.

 

Provision/(Reversal)Provision for Credit Lossescredit losses

 

The Company recorded a provision for credit losses was zero for the third quarter of 2017 and 2016. The provision/(reversal) for credit losses was based on a review of $9.2 million in the appropriatenesssecond quarter of 2023 compared with $8.1 million in the first quarter of 2023 and $2.5 million in the second quarter of 2022. As of June 30, 2023, the allowance for credit losses, comprised of the reserve for loan losses at September 30, 2017. and the reserve for unfunded loan commitments, increased $10.4 million to $165.6 million, or 0.87% of gross loans, compared to $155.2 million, or 0.85% of gross loans, as of December 31, 2022. The change in the allowance for credit losses during the second quarter of 2023 consisted of $9.2 million provision for credit losses, and $2.0 million in net charge-offs.

The following table summarizessets forth the charge-offs and recoveries for the periods indicated:

 

 

Three months ended

  

Nine months ended September 30,

  

Three months ended June 30,

  

Six months ended June 30,

 
 

September 30, 2017

  

September 30, 2016

  

2017

  

2016

  

2023

  

2022

  

2023

  

2022

 
 

(In thousands)

  

(In thousands)

 

Charge-offs:

                        

Commercial loans

 $80  $3,278  $1,810  $12,035  $2,352  $50  $6,263  $271 

Real estate loans (1)

  305   4,626   860   5,830  130  1  4,120  1 

Installment and other loans

  1   —   7   — 

Total charge-offs

  385   7,904   2,670   17,865   2,483   51   10,390   272 

Recoveries:

                 

Commercial loans

  575   2,006   1,401   3,720  442  175  953  534 

Construction loans

  47   548   143   7,871  —  —  —  6 

Real estate loans (1)

  5,489   343   6,195   903   61   94   2,601   240 

Total recoveries

  6,111   2,897   7,739   12,494   503   269   3,554   780 

Net (recoveries)/charge-offs

 $(5,726) $5,007  $(5,069) $5,371 

Net charge-offs/(recoveries)

 $1,980  $(218) $6,836  $(508)

 

(1)

Real estate loans include commercial mortgage loans, residential mortgage loans, and equity lines.

 

Non-InterestNon-Interest Income

 

Non-interest income, which includes revenues from depository service fees, letters of credit commissions, securities gains (losses), wire transferwealth management fees, and other sources of fee income, was $13.0$23.1 million for the thirdsecond quarter of 2017,2023, an increase of $4.2$8.5 million, or 47.1%58.2%, compared to $8.8$14.6 million for the thirdsecond quarter of 2016.2022. The increase was primarily due to thean increase of $11.6 million in unrealized gain of $5.4 million on the acquisition of SinoPac Bancorp and wasequity securities offset, in part, by a decrease in securities gains of $1.7 million fromin BOLI death benefit, when compared to the same quarter a year ago.

 

Non-Interest Expense

 

Non-interest expense increased $10.5$18.7 million, or 20.7%25.2%, to $61.2$92.8 million in the thirdsecond quarter of 20172023 compared to $50.7$74.1 million in the same quarter a year ago. The increase in non-interest expense in the thirdsecond quarter of 20172023 was primarily due to a $5.0an increase of $14.5 million in amortization expense of investments in low-income housing and alternative energy partnerships, and an increase of $1.2 million in salary and employee benefit expenses and a $3.3 million increase in acquisition related expenseprofessional services when compared to the same quarter a year ago. Acquisition related expenses during the third quarter totaled approximately, $3.3 million, including $2.8 million in legal and investment banking fees and $0.5 million in severance and retention expenses. The efficiency ratio was 41.9%45.36% in the thirdsecond quarter of 20172023 compared to 45.1%39.06% for the same quarter a year ago.

 

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Income Taxes

 

The effective tax rate for the thirdsecond quarter of 20172023 was 41.4%9.2% compared to 25.5%21.4% for the thirdsecond quarter of 2016.2022. The third quarter 2017 effective tax rate of 41.4% reflected additional tax expense to increaseincludes the full year effective tax rate to 34% compared to the 29% effective tax rate forecasted at June 30, 2017. This adjustment in the third quarter was the result of lower tax credits from the slow deploymentimpact of alternative energy investments. Incomeinvestments and low-income housing tax expense for the first quarter of 2017 was also reduced by $2.6 million in benefits from the distribution of restricted stock units and exercises of stock options.credits.

 

Year-to-Date Statement of Operations Review

 

Net income for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, was $150.1$189.2 million, an increase of $23.0$25.2 million, or 18.1%15.4%, compared to net income of $127.1$164.0 million for the same period a year ago. Diluted earnings per share was $1.86$2.60 compared to $1.59$2.17 per share for the same period a year ago. The net interest margin for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, was 3.63%3.59% compared to 3.39% for the same period a year ago.

 

Return on average stockholders’stockholders’ equity was 10.46%14.92% and return on average assets was 1.39%1.71% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, compared to a return on average stockholders’ equity of 9.66%13.54% and a return on average assets of 1.29% for the same period of 2016. The efficiency ratio for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, was 43.71% compared to 51.35%1.58% for the same period a year ago. The efficiency ratio for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was 42.79% compared to 39.77% for the same period a year ago.

 

The following table sets forth information concerning average interest-earning assets, average interest-bearing liabilities, and the average yields and rates paid on those assetsassets and liabilities for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, and 2016.2022. Average outstanding amounts included in the table are daily averages.

 

Interest-Earning Assets and Interest-Bearing Liabilities

 
 

Nine months ended September 30,

  

Interest-Earning Assets and Interest-Bearing Liabilities

 
 

2017

  

2016

  

Six months ended June 30,

 
     

Interest

  

Average

      

Interest

  

Average

  

2023

  

2022

 
 

Average

  

Income/

  

Yield/

  

Average

  

Income/

  

Yield/

      

Interest

 

Average

     

Interest

 

Average

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Balance

  

Expense

  

Rate (1)(2)

  

Balance

  

Expense

  

Rate (1)(2)

 

Interest earning assets:

                        

Total loans and leases (1)

 $11,668,814  $401,129   4.60   10,468,328   349,212   4.46 
 

Average

 

Income/

 

Yield/

 

Average

 

Income/

 

Yield/

 
 

Balance

  

Expense

  

Rate (1)(2)

  

Balance

  

Expense

  

Rate (1)(2)

 
 

(In thousands)

 

Interest-earning assets:

            

Total loans (1)

 $18,375,402  $534,657  5.87% $17,236,850  $347,116  4.06%

Investment securities

  1,297,789   14,817   1.53   1,384,019   16,974   1.64  1,555,177  24,134  3.13  1,212,170  10,576  1.76 

Federal Home Loan Bank and FRB stock

  22,345   1,317   7.88   17,256   1,122   8.69 

Interest bearing deposits

  359,580   3,140   1.17   272,690   1,094   0.54 

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell

  12,033   108   1.20   -   -   - 

Federal Home Loan Bank stock

 17,856  602  6.80  17,250  516  6.03 

Interest-bearing deposits

  1,080,158   26,098   4.87   1,410,884   3,271   0.47 

Total interest-earning assets

  13,360,561   420,511   4.21   12,142,293   368,402   4.05   21,028,593   585,491   5.61   19,877,154   361,479   3.67 

Non-interest earning assets:

                                    

Cash and due from banks

  235,097           215,415          224,072       166,901      

Other non-earning assets

  965,906           891,974           1,151,590        1,074,792      

Total non-interest earning assets

  1,201,003           1,107,389          1,375,662       1,241,693      

Less: Allowance for loan losses

  (113,299)          (133,232)         (145,811)      (141,347)     

Deferred loan fees

  (4,531)          (7,225)          (6,583)       (4,823)     

Total assets

 $14,443,734          $13,109,225          $22,251,861          $20,972,677         
                         

Interest bearing liabilities:

                        

Interest bearing demand accounts

 $1,282,904  $1,639   0.17  $1,013,129  $1,256   0.17 

Interest-bearing liabilities:

            

Interest-bearing demand accounts

 $2,339,735  $15,659  1.35% $2,430,141  $1,292  0.11%

Money market accounts

  2,359,871   11,362   0.64   2,020,725   9,768   0.65  3,211,795  36,412  2.29  5,055,017  10,338  0.41 

Savings accounts

  817,540   1,244   0.20   626,200   759   0.16  1,007,753  2,405  0.48  1,130,551  393  0.07 

Time deposits

  4,840,293   33,429   0.92   4,752,938   32,177   0.90   8,516,156   144,149   3.41   5,084,212   11,784   0.47 

Total interest-bearing deposits

  9,300,608   47,674   0.69   8,412,992   43,960   0.70   15,075,439   198,625   2.66   13,699,921   23,807   0.35 
                         

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

  149,267   3,489   3.13   392,701   11,696   3.98 

Other borrowings

  177,372   2,366   1.78   119,348   442   0.49  415,317  9,903  4.81  63,011  455  1.46 

Long-term debt

  119,136   4,320   4.85   119,136   4,336   4.86   119,136   2,995   5.07   119,136   2,863   4.85 

Total interest-bearing liabilities

  9,746,383   57,849   0.79   9,044,177   60,434   0.89   15,609,892   211,523   2.73   13,882,068   27,125   0.39 
 

Non-interest bearing liabilities:

                                    

Demand deposits

  2,542,754           2,131,742          3,812,229       4,376,246      

Other liabilities

  236,332           175,714          272,396       271,105      

Total equity

  1,918,265           1,757,592           2,557,344        2,443,258      

Total liabilities and equity

 $14,443,734          $13,109,225          $22,251,861          $20,972,677         
 

Net interest spread

          3.42%          3.16%       2.88%       3.27%

Net interest income

     $362,662          $307,968         $373,968       $334,354    

Net interest margin

          3.63%          3.39%       3.59%       3.39%

 

(1) Yields and amounts of interest earned include loan fees. Non-accrual loans are included in the average balance.

(2) Calculated by dividing net interest income by average outstanding interest-earning assets.

 

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The following table summarizes the changes in interest income and interest expense attributable to changes in volume and changes in interest rates:rates for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

 

Taxable-Equivalent Net Interest Income — Changes Due to Volumn and Rate(1)

 

Taxable-Equivalent Net Interest Income — Changes Due to Volume and Rate(1)

Taxable-Equivalent Net Interest Income — Changes Due to Volume and Rate(1)

 
 

Nine months ended September 30,

  

Six months ended June 30,

 
 

2017-2016

  

2023-2022

 
 

Increase (Decrease) in

  

Increase/(Decrease) in

 
 

Net Interest Income Due to:

  

Net Interest Income Due to:

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Changes in

Volume

  

Changes in

Rate

  

Total

Change

 
 

Changes in

Volume

  

Changes in

Rate

  

Total

Change

 
             

(In thousands)

 

Interest-earning assets:

                  

Loans and leases

 $40,745  $11,172  $51,917 

Loans

 $24,247  $163,294  $187,541 

Investment securities

  (1,030)  (1,127)  (2,157) 3,614  9,944  13,558 

Federal Home Loan Bank and FRB stock

  307   (112)  195 

Federal Home Loan Bank stock

 19  67  86 

Deposits with other banks

  435   1,611   2,046   (955)  23,782   22,827 

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell

  108   -   108 

Total changes in interest income

  40,565   11,544   52,109   26,925   197,087   224,012 
             

Interest-bearing liabilities:

                  

Interest bearing demand accounts

  343   40   383 

Interest-bearing demand accounts

 (51) 14,419  14,368 

Money market accounts

  1,624   (30)  1,594  (5,100) 31,173  26,073 

Savings accounts

  264   221   485  (48) 2,060  2,012 

Time deposits

  583   669   1,252  12,804  119,561  132,365 

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

  (6,097)  (2,110)  (8,207)

Other borrowed funds

  303   1,621   1,924  6,695  2,753  9,448 

Long-term debt

  -   (16)  (16)

Long-term debts

  —   132   132 

Total changes in interest expense

  (2,980)  395   (2,585)  14,300   170,098   184,398 
       

Changes in net interest income

 $43,545  $11,149  $54,694  $12,625  $26,989  $39,614 

 

(1)

Changes in interest income and interest expense attributable to changes in both volume and rate have been allocated proportionately to changes due to volume and changes due to rate.

 

Balance Sheet Review

Assets

 

Total assets were $15.7$23.03 billion as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023 an increase of $1.2$1.08 billion or 8.3%,4.9% from $14.5$21.95 billion as of December 31, 2016, primarily due2022.

Securities Available-for-Sale

Effective January 1, 2021, upon the adoption of ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, debt securities available-for-sale are measured at fair value and subject to impairment testing. When an available-for-sale debt security is considered impaired, the Company must determine if the decline in fair value has resulted from a credit-related loss or other factors and then, (1) recognize an allowance for credit losses by a charge to earnings for the credit-related component (if any) of the decline in fair value, and (2) recognize in other comprehensive income (loss) any non-credit related components of the fair value change. If the amount of the amortized cost basis expected to be recovered increases in a future period, the valuation reserve would be reduced, but not more than the amount of the current existing reserve for that security.

For available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value. For AFS debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors with the credit component of the unrealized loss of the impaired AFS debt security recognized as an allowance for credit losses, and a corresponding provision for credit losses on the consolidated statement of income.

In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, the payment structure of the security, failure of the issuer of the security to make scheduled interest or principal payments, any changes to the acquisitionrating of SinoPac Bancorp which had total assetsthe security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of $1.2 billion.cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. Any fair value changes that have not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income.

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Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of an AFS debt security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as provision for credit loss expense.

 

Investment SecuritiesThe amortized cost of the Company’s AFS debt securities exclude accrued interest, which is included in “accrued interest income” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company has made an accounting policy election not to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables on AFS debt securities since the Company timely reverses any previously accrued interest when the debt security remains in default for an extended period. As each AFS debt security has a unique security structure, where the accrual status is clearly determined when certain criteria listed in the terms are met, the Company assesses the default status of each security as defined by the debt security’s specific security structure. At June 30, 2023, no AFS debt securities were in default.

 

InvestmentIn the current period, management evaluated the securities in an unrealized loss position and determined that their unrealized losses were a result of the level of market interest rates relative to the types of securities and pricing changes caused by shifting supply and demand dynamics and not a result of downgraded credit ratings or other indicators of deterioration of the underlying issuers' ability to repay. Accordingly, we determined the unrealized losses were not credit-related and recognized the unrealized losses in "other comprehensive income" in stockholders' equity. Although we periodically sell securities for portfolio management purposes, we do not foresee having to sell any impaired securities strictly for liquidity needs and believe that it is more likely than not we would not be required to sell any impaired securities before recovery of their amortized cost.

Securities available-for-sale represented 8.7%6.5% of total assets as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, compared to 9.1%6.8% of total assets as of December 31, 2016. The carrying value of investment securities2022. Securities available-for-sale were $1.49 billion as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, was $1.4 billion2023, compared to $1.3$1.47 billion as of December 31, 2016. Securities available-for-sale are carried at fair value and had a net unrealized gain, net of tax, of $2.0 million as of September 30, 2017, compared to a net unrealized loss, net of tax, of $1.5 million as of December 31, 2016.2022.

 

The following tables reflectset forth the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses, and fair value of investment securities available-for-sale as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, and December 31, 2016:2022:

 

 

September 30, 2017

 
     

Gross

  

Gross

      

June 30, 2023

 
 

Amortized

  

Unrealized

  

Unrealized

          

Gross

 

Gross

    
 

Cost

  

Gains

  

Losses

  

Fair Value

  

Amortized

 

Unrealized

 

Unrealized

    
 

(In thousands)

  

Cost

  

Gains

  

Losses

  

Fair Value

 
                 

(In thousands)

 

Securities Available-for-Sale

                        

U.S. treasury securities

 $399,741  $-  $305  $399,436  $272,485  $—  $447  $272,038 

U.S. government agency entities

  9,679   27   6   9,700  55,485  190  132  55,543 

U.S. government sponsored entities

  400,000   -   6,278   393,722  33,709  —  95  33,614 

State and municipal securities

  1,943       12   1,931 

Mortgage-backed securities

  447,959   468   2,362   446,065  943,270  46  121,072  822,244 

Collateralized mortgage obligations

  1,715   -   5   1,710  33,051  —  3,548  29,503 

Corporate debt securities

  80,007   904   5   80,906  268,616  6  16,694  251,928 

Mutual funds

  6,500   -   229   6,271 

Preferred stock of government sponsored entities

  4,117   3,970   -   8,087 

Other equity securities

  13,294   7,463   98   20,659 

Foreign debt securities

  22,741   3   293   22,451 

Total

 $1,364,955  $12,832  $9,300  $1,368,487  $1,629,357  $245  $142,281  $1,487,321 

 

  

December 31, 2016

 
      

Gross

  

Gross

     
  

Amortized

  

Unrealized

  

Unrealized

     
  

Cost

  

Gains

  

Losses

  

Fair Value

 
  

(In thousands)

 
                 

Securities Available-for-Sale

                

U.S. treasury securities

 $489,839  $35  $857  $489,017 

U.S. government sponsored entities

  400,000   -   9,669   390,331 

Mortgage-backed securities

  339,241   309   3,290   336,260 

Collateralized mortgage obligations

  48   -   20   28 

Corporate debt securities

  74,965   247   862   74,350 

Mutual funds

  6,500   -   270   6,230 

Preferred stock of government sponsored entities

  2,811   4,497   -   7,308 

Other equity securities

  3,608   7,213   -   10,821 

Total

 $1,317,012  $12,301  $14,968  $1,314,345 

  

December 31, 2022

 
      

Gross

  

Gross

     
  

Amortized

  

Unrealized

  

Unrealized

     
  

Cost

  

Gains

  

Losses

  

Fair Value

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Securities Available-for-Sale

                

U.S. treasury securities

 $241,611  $—  $1,111  $240,500 

U.S. government agency entities

  63,347   384   121   63,610 

U.S. government sponsored entities

  30,000   —   —   30,000 

Mortgage-backed securities

  993,883   194   126,983   867,094 

Collateralized mortgage obligations

  34,552   —   3,491   31,061 

Corporate debt securities

  258,780   112   17,809   241,083 

Total

 $1,622,173  $690  $149,515  $1,473,348 

 

For additional information, see Note 78 to the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Investment securitiesSecurities available-for-sale having a carrying value of $291.4$235.1 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, and $649.1$145.7 million as of December 31, 2016,2022, were pledged to secure public deposits and other borrowings, treasury tax and loan and securities sold under agreements to repurchase. borrowings.

 

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Equity Securities

The Company recognized an unrealized net gain of $10.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, due to the increase in fair value of equity investments with readily determinable fair values compared to a net loss of $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The Company recognized a net gain of $15.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 due to the increase in fair value of equity investments with readily determinable fair values compared to a net gain of $5.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Equity securities were $37.7 million and $22.2 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

 

Loans

 

Gross loans excluding loans held for sale, were $12.6$18.95 billion at SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, an increase of $1.4 billion,$698.8 million, or 12.5%3.8%, from $11.2$18.25 billion at December 31, 2016.2022. The increase was primarily due to increasesan increase of $591.8$499.8 million, or 10.2%,5.7% in commercial mortgage loans, $478.5and an increase of $289.5 million, or 19.6%,5.5% in residential mortgage loans, $171.7offset, in part, by a decrease of $52.5 million, or 7.6%16.2%, in commercialhome equity loans, and $143.4a decrease of $37.7 million, or 26.2%,6.7% in realReal estate construction loans. For the second quarter of 2023, total loans, increased by $635.5. million or 13.9% annualized.

The loan balances and composition at SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, compared to December 31, 2016, and to September 30, 2016,2022 are presentedset forth below:

 

  

September 30, 2017

  

% of Gross Loans

  

December 31, 2016

  

% of Gross Loans

  

% Change

 

Type of Loans

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Commercial loans

 $2,419,891   19.2% $2,248,187   20.1%  7.6%

Residential mortgage loans

  2,922,537   23.3   2,444,048   21.8   19.6 

Commercial mortgage loans

  6,377,047   50.6   5,785,248   51.7   10.2 

Equity lines

  181,751   1.4   171,711   1.5   5.8 

Real estate construction loans

  691,486   5.5   548,088   4.9   26.2 

Installment and other loans

  4,722   0.0   3,993   0.0   18.3 

Gross loans

 $12,597,434   100% $11,201,275   100%  12.5%
                     

Allowance for loan losses

  (121,535)      (118,966)      2.2 

Unamortized deferred loan fees

  (3,424)      (4,994)      (31.4)
                     

Total loans, net

 $12,472,475      $11,077,315       12.6%
                     

Loans held for sale

 $-      $7,500       (100.0%)

  

June 30, 2023

  

% of

Gross

Loans

  

December 31, 2022

  

% of

Gross

Loans

  

%

Change

 
  

(in thousands)

 
                     

Commercial loans

 $3,317,868   17.5% $3,318,778   18.2%  (0.0%)

Real estate construction loans

  521,673   2.8   559,372   3.1   (6.7)

Commercial mortgage loans

  9,293,475   49.0   8,793,685   48.2   5.7 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  5,814,521   30.7   5,577,500   30.5   4.2 

Installment and other loans

  5,257   0.0   4,689   —   12.1 

Gross loans

 $18,952,794   100% $18,254,024   100%  3.8%

Allowance for loan losses

  (155,109)      (146,485)      5.9 

Unamortized deferred loan fees

  (9,497)      (6,641)      43.0 

Total loans, net

 $18,788,188      $18,100,898       3.8%

 

Non-performing Assets

 

Non-performing assets include loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest, non-accrual loans, and other real estate owned (“OREO”). The Company’sOREO. Our policy is to place loans on non-accrual status if interest and/or principal is past due 90 days or more, or in cases where management deems the full collection of principal and interest unlikely. After a loan is placed on non-accrual status, any previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed and charged against current income and subsequent payments received are generally first applied towards the outstanding principal balance of the loan. Depending on the circumstances, management may elect to continue the accrual of interest on certain past due loans if partial payment is received and/or the loan is well collateralized and in the process of collection. The loan is generally returned to accrual status when the borrower has brought the past due principal and interest payments current and, in the opinion of management, the borrower has demonstrated the ability to make future payments of principal and interest as scheduled.

 

Management reviews the loan portfolio regularly forto seek to identify problem loans. During the ordinary course of business,business, management becomesmay become aware of borrowers that may not be able to meet the contractual requirements of thetheir loan agreements. Such loans generally are placed under closer supervision with consideration given to placing the loans on non-accrual status, the need for an additional allowance for loan losses, and (if appropriate) partial or full charge-off.

 

The ratio of non-performingnon-performing assets excluding non-accrual loans held for sale, to total assets was 0.6% at September0.3% as of June 30, 2017,2023, compared to 0.5% atas of December 31, 2016.2022. Total non-performing assets increased $17.6decreased $5.5 million, or 25.2%6.5%, to $87.4$79.0 million at SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, compared to $69.8$84.5 million at December 31, 2016,2022, primarily due to an increase of $15.7 million, or 31.6%, in non-accrual loans offset by a decrease of $2.0$5.6 million, or 9.7%48.5%, in other real estate owned.accruing loans past due 90 days or more.

 

As a percentage of gross loans,, excluding loans held for sale, plus OREO, our non-performing assets was 0.69%were 0.42% as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, compared to 0.62%0.46% as of December 31, 2016.2022. The non-performing loan portfolio loan coverage ratio, defined as the allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans, decreasedincreased to 181.6%220.9% as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, from 245.9%193.0% as of December 31, 2016.2022.

 

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The following table presentssets forth the changes in non-performing assets and troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”)accruing modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, compared to December 31, 2016,2022, and to SeptemberJune 30, 2016:2022 and TDRs as of December 31, 2022, and June 30, 2022:

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

  

% Change

  

September 30, 2016

  

% Change

 
 

June 30, 2023

  

December 31, 2022

  

% Change

  

June 30, 2022

  

% Change

 
 

(in thousands)

 

Non-performing assets

                                        

Accruing loans past due 90 days or more

 $3,900  $-   100  $-   100  $5,968  $11,580  (48) $1,737  244 

Non-accrual loans:

                               

Construction loans

  14,267   5,458   161   5,507   159 

Commercial mortgage loans

  28,379   20,078   41   21,077   35  39,558  34,096  16  15,141  161 

Commercial loans

  15,942   15,710   1   9,251   72  17,574  25,772  (32) 27,849  (37)

Residential mortgage loans

  6,763   8,436   (20)  8,524   (21) 11,872  8,978  32  17,583  (32)

Total non-accrual loans:

 $65,351  $49,682   32  $44,359   47 

Installment and other loans

  —   8  (100)  79  (100)

Total non-accrual loans

 $69,004  $68,854  0  $60,652  14 

Total non-performing loans

  69,251   49,682   39   44,359   56  74,972  80,434  (7) 62,389  20 

Other real estate owned

  18,115   20,070   (10)  20,986   (14)  4,067   4,067  -   4,067  - 

Total non-performing assets

 $87,366  $69,752   25  $65,345   34  $79,039  $84,501  (6) $66,456  19 

Accruing troubled debt restructurings

 $62,358  $65,393   (5) $86,555   (28)

Non-accrual loans held for sale

 $-  $7,500   (100) $4,750   (100)

Accruing loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties 1

 $—  $—  —  $—  — 

Accruing troubled debt restructurings (TDRs)

 $—  $15,145  (100) $12,675  (100)
                               

Allowance for loan losses

 $121,535  $118,966   2  $117,942   3  $155,109  $146,485  6  $148,772  4 

Allowance for unfunded loan commitments

 $10,525  $8,730  21  $6,136    
                               

Total gross loans outstanding, at period-end (1)

 $12,597,434  $11,201,275   12  $11,010,457   14 

Total gross loans outstanding, at period-end

 $18,952,794  $18,254,024  4  $17,787,888  7 
                               

Allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans, at period-end (2)

  175.50%  239.45%      265.88%    

Allowance for loan losses to gross loans, at period-end (1)

  0.96%  1.06%      1.07%    

Allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans, at period-end

 206.89% 182.12%    238.46%   

Allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans, at period-end

 220.93% 192.97%    248.29%   

Allowance for loan losses to gross loans, at period-end

 0.82% 0.80%    0.84%   

 

(1) Excludes loans held for sale at period-end.1 Current period modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties are reported in accordance with the new guidance under ASU 2022-02.

(2) Excludes non-accrual loans held for sale at period-end.

 

Non-accrual Loans

 

At SeptemberAs of June 30, 2017,2023, total non-accrual loans were $65.4$69.0 million, an increase of $15.7$0.1 million, or 31.6%0.1%, resulting from several construction and commercial real estate loans placed on nonaccrual, from $49.7$68.9 million at December 31, 2016,2022, and an increase of $21.0$8.3 million, or 47.3%13.7%, from $44.4$60.7 million at SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2022. The allowance for the collateral-dependent loans is calculated based on the difference between the outstanding loan balance and the value of the collateral as determined by recent appraisals, sales contracts, or other available market price information.information, less cost to sell. The allowance for collateral-dependent loans varies from loan to loan based on the collateral coverage of the loan at the time of designation as non-performing. We continue to monitor the collateral coverage of these loans, based on recent appraisals, on a quarterly basis and adjust the allowance accordingly. Non-accrual loans also include those TDRs that do not qualify for accrual status.

 

The following tables presentset forth the type of properties securing the non-accrual portfolio loans and the type of businesses the borrowers engaged in as of the dates indicated:

 

 

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

  

June 30, 2023

  

December 31, 2022

 
 

Real

      

Real

      

Real

     

Real

    
 

Estate (1)

  

Commercial

  

Estate (1)

  

Commercial

  

Estate (1)

  

Commercial

  

Estate (1)

  

Commercial

 
 

(In thousands)

  

(In thousands)

 

Type of Collateral

                        

Single/multi-family residence

 $23,780  $7,742  $9,368  $218  $14,461  $13,153  $9,215  $1,998 

Commercial real estate

  25,591   -   24,321   -  36,969  —  33,859  — 

Land

  -   -   283   -  —  —  —  2,518 

Personal property (UCC)

  -   8,200   -   15,492   —   4,421   8   21,256 

Total

 $49,371  $15,942  $33,972  $15,710  $51,430  $17,574  $43,082  $25,772 

 

(1) Real estate includes commercial mortgage loans, real estate construction loans, residential mortgage loans, equity lines and equity lines.installment & other loans.

 

 

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

  

June 30, 2023

  

December 31, 2022

 
 

Real

      

Real

      

Real

     

Real

    
 

Estate (1)

  

Commercial

  

Estate (1)

  

Commercial

  

Estate (1)

  

Commercial

  

Estate (1)

  

Commercial

 
 

(In thousands)

  

(In thousands)

 

Type of Business

                        

Real estate development

 $31,890  $20  $13,804  $-  $37,875  $10  $32,206  $50 

Wholesale/Retail

  10,807   7,924   12,312   9,213  1,698  4,306  1,907  11,628 

Food/Restaurant

  140   -   153   -  81  58  85  479 

Import/Export

  -   7,998   -   6,174  —  13,200  —  13,382 

Other

  6,534   -   7,703   323   11,776   —   8,884   233 

Total

 $49,371  $15,942  $33,972  $15,710  $51,430  $17,574  $43,082  $25,772 

 

(1) Real estate includes commercial mortgage loans, real estate construction loans, residential mortgage loans, equity lines and equity lines. installment & other loans.

Impaired Loans

A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that a creditor will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement based on current circumstances and events. The assessment for impairment occurs when and while such loans are on non-accrual as a result of delinquency status of over 90 days or receipt of information indicating that full collection of principal is doubtful, or when the loan has been restructured in a troubled debt restructuring (TDRs). Those loans with a balance less than our defined selection criteria, generally a loan amount less than $500,000, are treated as a homogeneous portfolio. If loans meeting the defined criteria are not collateral dependent, we measure the impairment based on the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. If loans meeting the defined criteria are collateral dependent, we measure the impairment by using the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral. We obtain an appraisal to determine the amount of impairment at the date that the loan becomes impaired. The appraisals are based on “as is” or bulk sale valuations. To ensure that appraised values remain current, we generally obtain an updated appraisal every twelve months from qualified independent appraisers. If the fair value of the collateral, less cost to sell, is less than the recorded amount of the loan, we then recognize impairment by creating or adjusting an existing valuation allowance with a corresponding charge to the provision for loan losses. If an impaired loan is expected to be collected through liquidation of the collateral, the amount of impairment, excluding disposal costs, which range between 3% to 6% of the fair value, depending on the size of the impaired loan, is charged off against the allowance for loan losses. Non-accrual impaired loans, including TDRs, are not returned to accrual status unless the unpaid interest has been brought current and full repayment of the recorded balance is expected or if the borrower has made six consecutive monthly payments of the scheduled amounts due, and TDRs are reviewed for continued impairment until they are no longer reported as TDRs.

 

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As of September 30, 2017, recorded investment in impaired loans totaled $127.7 million and was comprised ofFor non-accrual loans, excluding loans held for sale, of $65.3 million and accruing troubled debt restructured loans (TDRs) of $62.4 million. As of December 31, 2016, recorded investment in impaired loans totaled $115.1 million and was comprised of non-accrual loans, excluding loans held for sale, of $49.7 million and accruing TDRs of $65.4 million. For impaired loans, the amounts previously charged offcharged-off represent 7.1% as of September 30, 2017, and 8.4% as of December 31, 2016,17.5% of the contractual balances for impaired loans.non-accrual loans as of June 30, 2023 and 14.1% as of December 31, 2022. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, $49.42023, $51.4 million, or 75.7%74.5%, of the $65.3$69.0 million of non-accrual loans excluding loans held for sale, waswere secured by real estate compared to $34.0$43.1 million, or 68.4%62.6%, of the $49.7$68.9 million of non-accrual loans excluding loans held for sale, that waswere secured by real estate as of December 31, 2016.2022. The Bank obtainsgenerally seeks to obtain current appraisals, sales contracts, or other available market price information whichintended to provide updated factors in evaluating potential loss.

 

AsAs of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, $2.12023, $5.7 million of the $121.5$155.1 million allowance for loan losses was allocated for impairednon-accrual loans and $119.4$149.4 million was allocated to the general allowance. As of December 31, 2016, $2.8 million of the $119.0 million allowance for loan losses was allocated for impaired loans and $116.2 million was allocated to the general allowance.

 

The allowance for loan losses to non-accrualnon-performing loans was 186.0%206.89% as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, from 239.5%2023, compared to 182.12% as of December 31, 2016,2022, primarily due to an increasea decrease in the loan 90 days or more past due still accruing loans. After January 1, 2023, non-accrual loans. Non-accrualloans also include those modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that do not qualify for accrual status. Prior to January 1, 2023 non-accrual loans also include those TDRs that do not qualify for accrual status.

 

The following table presents impairednon-accrual loans and the related allowance as of the dates indicated:June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

  

June 30, 2023

 
  

Unpaid

Principal

Balance

  

Recorded

Investment

  

Allowance

 
  

(In thousands)

 
             

With no allocated allowance:

            

Commercial loans

 $17,132  $4,598  $— 

Commercial mortgage loans

  49,759   39,558   — 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  12,618   11,872   — 

Subtotal

 $79,509  $56,028  $— 
             

With allocated allowance:

            

Commercial loans

 $14,296  $12,976  $5,664 

Subtotal

 $14,296  $12,976  $5,664 

Total non-accrual loans

 $93,805  $69,004  $5,664 

  

December 31, 2022

 
  

Unpaid

Principal

Balance

  

Recorded

Investment

  

Allowance

 
  

(In thousands)

 
             

With no allocated allowance:

            

Commercial loans

 $27,341  $12,949  $— 

Commercial mortgage loans

  37,697   32,205   — 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  9,626   8,978   — 

Installment and other loans

  9   8   — 

Subtotal

 $74,673  $54,140  $— 
             

With allocated allowance:

            

Commercial loans

 $14,643  $12,823  $3,734 

Commercial mortgage loans

  1,896   1,891   207 

Subtotal

 $16,539  $14,714  $3,941 

Total non-accrual loans

 $91,212  $68,854  $3,941 

 

 

  

Impaired Loans

 
  

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

 
                   
  

Unpaid Principal Balance

  

Recorded Investment

  

Allowance

  

Unpaid Principal Balance

  

Recorded Investment

  

Allowance

 
  

(In thousands)

 
                         

With no allocated allowance

                        

Commercial loans

 $23,953  $23,373  $-  $24,037  $23,121  $- 

Real estate construction loans

  22,309   21,748   -   5,776   5,458   - 

Commercial mortgage loans

  39,154   32,370   -   60,522   54,453   - 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  2,264   2,264   -   5,472   5,310   - 

Subtotal

 $87,680  $79,755  $-  $95,807  $88,342  $- 

With allocated allowance

                        

Commercial loans

 $14,082  $13,985  $1,461  $5,216  $4,640  $1,827 

Commercial mortgage loans

  23,061   22,820   823   10,158   10,017   573 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  12,461   11,111   322   13,263   12,075   396 

Subtotal

 $49,604  $47,916  $2,606  $28,637  $26,732  $2,796 

Total impaired loans

 $137,284  $127,671  $2,606  $124,444  $115,074  $2,796 
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Loan Interest Reserves

 

In accordance with customary banking practice, we originate construction loans and land development loans generally are originated where interest on the loan is disbursed from pre-established interest reserves included in the total original loan commitment. Our construction loans and land development loans generally include optional renewal terms after the maturity of the initial loan term. New appraisals are obtained prior to extension or renewal of these loans in part to determine the appropriate interest reserve to be established for the new loan term. Loans with interest reserves are generally underwritten to the same criteria, including loan to value and, if applicable, pro forma debt service coverage ratios, as loans without interest reserves. Construction loans with interest reserves are monitored on a periodic basis to gauge progress towards completion. Interest reserves are frozen if it is determined that additional draws would result in a loan to value ratio that exceeds policy maximums based on collateral property type. Our policy limits in this regard are consistent with supervisory limits and range from 65%50% in the case of land to 85% in the case of one to four family residential construction projects.

 

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, construction loans of $515.4$365.6 million were disbursed with pre-established interest reserves of $61.8$46.0 million, compared to $500.2$443.9 million of such loans disbursed with pre-established interest reserves of $58.9$54.5 million at December 31, 2016.2022.  The balance for construction loans with interest reserves whichthat have been extended was $81.3$15.3 million with pre-established interest reserves of $1.8$0.5 million at SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, compared to $113.1$34.4 million with pre-established interest reserves of $2.1 million at December 31, 2016.  Land loans of $23.2 million were disbursed with pre-established interest reserves of $680,000 at September 30, 2017, compared to $51.3 million land loans disbursed with pre-established interest reserves of $1.0 million at December 31, 2016.  The balance for2022.  Land loans of $38.5 million were disbursed with pre-established interest reserves of $0.8 million at June 30, 2023, compared to $48.6 million of land loans disbursed with pre-established interest reserves of $1.6 million at December 31, 2022.  There were no land loans with interest reserves which have been extended was $5.9as of June 30, 2023, compared to $0.9 million at September 30, 2017in land loans with interest reserves which have been extended with pre-established interest reserves of $360,000 compared to $2.0 million in land loans with pre-established interest reserves of $40,000$58 thousand at December 31, 2016. 2022.

 

At SeptemberJune 30, 20172023 and December 31, 2016,2022, the Bank had no loans on non-accrual status with available interest reserves.  At SeptemberJune 30, 2017, $14.3 million of2023 and December 31, 2022, there were zero non-accrual non-residential construction loans, and $8.0 million land loans had been originated with pre-established interest reserves.  At December 31, 2016, $5.5 million of non-accrual non-residentialresidential construction loans, and $7.8 million of non-accrual land loans had beenthat were originated with pre-established interest reserves.  While we typically expect loans with interest reserves to be repaid in full according to the original contractual terms, some loans may require one or more extensions beyond the original maturity before full repayment.  Typically, these extensions are required due to construction delays, delays in the sale or lease of the property, or some combination of these two factors.

 

Loan Concentration

 

Most of the Company’sCompany’s business activities are with customersclients located in the predominantlyhigh-density Asian-populated areas of Southern and Northern California; New York City, New York; Dallas and Houston, Texas; Seattle, Washington; Boston, Massachusetts; Chicago, Illinois; Edison, New Jersey; Rockville, Maryland; and Las Vegas, Nevada, andNevada. The Company also has loan clients in Hong Kong. The Company has no specific industry concentration, and generally itsour loans are collateralized with real property or other pledged collateral of the borrowers. The Company generally expects loans to be paid off from the operating profits of the borrowers, refinancing by another lender, or through sale by the borrowers of the collateral. There were no loan concentrations to multiple borrowers in similar activities that exceeded 10% of total loans as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, or as of December 31, 2016.2022.

 

The federal banking regulatory agencies issued final guidance on December 6, 2006, regarding risk management practices for financial institutions with high or increasing concentrations of commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans on their balance sheets. The regulatory guidance reiterates the need for sound internal risk management practices for those institutions that have experienced rapid growth in CRE lending, have notable exposure to specific types of CRE, or are approaching or exceeding the supervisory criteria used to evaluate the CRE concentration risk, but the guidance is not to be construed as a limit for CRE exposure. The supervisory criteria are: (1) total reported loans for construction, land development, and other land represent 100% of the institution’s total risk-based capital, and (2) both total CRE loans represent 300% or more of the institution’s total risk-based capital and the institution’s CRE loan portfolio has increased 50% or more within the last thirty-six months. TotalThe Bank’s loans for construction, land development, and other land represented 40.7%25% and 27% of the Bank’s total risk-based capital as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, and 40.4% as of December 31, 2016.2022, respectively. Total CRE loans represented 305%282.2% of total risk-based capital as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, and 300%287.1% as of December 31, 2016 and2022 which were belowwithin the Bank’s internal limit for CRE loans of 400%, of total capital at both dates.capital.

 

Allowance for Credit Losses

 

The Bank maintains the allowance for credit losses at a level that the BankBank’s management considers appropriate to absorbcover the estimated and known risks in the loan portfolio and off-balance sheet unfunded credit commitments. Allowance for credit losses is comprised of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for off-balance sheet unfunded credit commitments. With this risk management objective, the Bank’s management has an established monitoring system that is designed to identify impairedindividually evaluated and potential problem loans, and to permit periodic evaluation of impairment and the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses in a timely manner.

 

In addition, the Bank’sCompany’s Board of Directors has established a written credit policy that includes a credit review and control system that the Board of Directorsit believes should be effective in ensuring that the Bank maintains an appropriate allowance for credit losses. The Board of Directors provides oversight for the allowance evaluation process, including quarterly evaluations, and determines whether the allowance is appropriate to absorb losses in the credit portfolio. The determination of the amount of the allowance for credit losses and the provision for credit losses are based on management’s current judgment about the credit quality of the loan portfolio and takestake into consideration known relevant internal and external factors that affect collectability when determining the appropriate level for the allowance for credit losses. The nature of the process by which the Bank determines the appropriate allowance for credit losses requires the exercise of considerable judgment. Additions or reductions to the allowance for credit losses are made by charges or credits to the provision for credit losses. While management utilizes its bestbusiness judgment based on the information available, the ultimate appropriateness of the allowance is dependent upon a variety of factors, many of which are beyond the Bank’s control, including but not limited to the performance of the Bank’s loan portfolio, the economy and market conditions, changes in interest rates, and the view of the regulatory authorities toward loan classifications. Identified credit exposures that are determined to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for credit losses. Recoveries of previously charged off amounts, if any, are credited to the allowance for credit losses. A weakening of the economy or other factors that adversely affect asset quality could result in an increase in the number of delinquencies, bankruptcies, or defaults, and a higher level of non-performing assets, net charge-offs, and provision for credit losses in future periods.losses.

 

The allowance for loan losses was $121.5$155.1 million and the allowance for off-balance sheet unfunded credit commitments was $4.3$10.5 million at SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, which represented the amount believedestimated by management to be appropriate to absorb expected credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio, including unfunded credit commitments. The $121.5 million allowance for credit losses, which is the sum of the allowances for loan losses and for off-balance sheet unfunded credit commitments, was $165.6 million at SeptemberJune 30, 2017, increased $2.5 million, or 2.1%, from $119.02023, compared to $155.2 million at December 31, 2016.2022. The allowance for loan losses represented 0.96%0.82% of period-end gross loans excluding loans held for sale, and 175.5%206.89% of non-performing loans at SeptemberJune 30, 2017.2023. The comparable ratios were 1.06%0.90% of period-end gross loans excluding loans held for sale, and 239.5%193.0% of non-performing loans at December 31, 2016. 2022.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our accounting policies are fundamental to understanding management’s discussion and analysis of results of operations and financial condition. We identify critical policies and estimates as those that require management to make particularly difficult, subjective, and/or complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain and because of the likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. We have identified the policy and estimates related to the allowance for credit losses on loans as a critical accounting policy.

Our critical accounting policies and estimates are described in Item 7 -Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the 2022 Form 10-K. For more information, please also see Note 3 to the Company’s unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

Expected Credit Losses Estimate for Loans

The allowance for credit losses is the combination of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded loan commitments. The allowance for loan losses is reported as a reduction of the amortized cost basis of loans, while the reserve for unfunded loan commitments is included within "Other liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amortized cost basis of loans does not include interest receivable, which is included in "Other assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The "Provision for credit losses" on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income is a combination of the provision for loan losses and the provision for unfunded loan commitments.

Under the CECL methodology, expected credit losses reflect losses over the remaining contractual life of an asset, considering the effect of prepayments and available information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about relevant historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future events and circumstances. Thus, the CECL methodology incorporates a broad range of information in developing credit loss estimates. For further information regarding the calculation of the allowance for credit losses on loans held for investment using the CECL methodology, see Note 9 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements."

In calculating our allowance for credit losses in the second quarter of 2023, the change in Moody’s forecast of future GDP, unemployment rates, CRE and home price indexes, did not result in a significant impact to the increase in the allowance for credit losses. The increase in the allowance for credit losses was primarily due to loan growth during the quarter. Our methodology and framework along with the 8-quarter reasonable and supportable forecast period and the 4-quarter reversion period have remained consistent since the implementation of CECL on January 1, 2021. Certain management assumptions are reassessed every quarter based on current expectations for credit losses, while other assumptions are assessed and updated on at least an annual basis.

The use of different economic forecasts, whether based on different scenarios, the use of multiple or single scenarios, or updated economic forecasts and scenarios, can change the outcome of the calculations. In addition to the economic forecasts, there are numerous components and assumptions that are integral to the overall estimation of allowance for credit losses.

The determination of the allowance for credit losses is complex and dependent on numerous models, assumptions, and judgments made by management. Management's current expectation for credit losses as quantified in the allowance for credit losses, considers the impact of assumptions and is reflective of historical credit experience, economic forecasts viewed to be reasonable and supportable, current loan composition, and relative credit risks known as of the balance sheet date.

Under the Company’s CECL methodology, nine portfolio segments with similar risk characteristics are evaluated for expected loss. Six portfolios are modeled using econometric models and three smaller portfolios are evaluated using a simplified loss-rate method that calculates lifetime expected credit losses for the respective pools (simplified approach). The six portfolios subject to econometric modeling include residential mortgages; commercial and industrial loans (“C&I”); construction loans; commercial real estate (“CRE”) for multifamily loans; CRE for owner-occupied loans; and other CRE loans. We estimate the probability of default during the reasonable and supportable forecast period using separate econometric regression models developed to correlate macroeconomic variables, (GDP, unemployment, CRE prices and residential mortgage prices) to historical credit performance for each of the six loan portfolios from 2007 to the fourth quarter of 2021. Loss given default rates are computed based on the net charge-offs recognized and then applied to the expected exposure at default of defaulted loans starting with the fourth quarter of 2007 through the fourth quarter of 2021. The probability of default and the loss given default rates are applied to the expected amount at default at the loan level based on contractual scheduled payments and estimated prepayments. The amounts so calculated comprise the quantitative portion of the allowance for credit losses.

The Company’s CECL methodology utilizes an eight-quarter reasonable and supportable (“R&S”) forecast period, and a four-quarter reversion period. Management relies on multiple forecasts, blending them into a single loss estimate. Generally speaking, the blended scenario approach would include the Baseline, the Alternative Scenario 1 – Upside – 10th Percentile and the Alternative Scenario 3 – Downside – 90th Percentile forecasts. After the R&S period, the Company will revert straight-line for the four-quarter reversion period to the long-term loss rates for each of the six portfolios of loans. The contractual term excludes renewals and modifications but includes pre-approved extensions and prepayment assumptions where applicable.

Our allowance for credit losses is sensitive to a number of inputs, including macroeconomic forecast assumptions and credit rating migrations during the period. Our macroeconomic forecasts used in determining the June 30, 2023, allowance for credit losses consisted of three scenarios as provided by an outside forecaster. Because the December 2022 baseline scenario did not forecast a recession in the forecast period, we increased the weighing of the downside scenario to reflect our expectations that a recession in the forecast period was more likely than not. The baseline scenario reflects modest ongoing GDP growth and a modest increase in the unemployment rate peaking at 3.1% in the first quarter of 2025. Relative to the baseline scenario, the upside scenario reflects higher GDP growth and lower unemployment rates with the stronger economy resulting in slightly higher inflation, though the Federal Reserve is projected to cut the Fed funds rate starting in the first quarter of 2024. The downside scenario contemplates a recession due to the weakening economy as concerns about inflation keep the Fed funds rate elevated, increasing to 5.1% in the fourth quarter of 2023, resulting in negative GDP growth for three quarters peaking at 3.6% in the third quarter of 2023, rising unemployment that peaks at 3.2% in the third quarter of 2024, and a decline in CRE prices and residential home prices of over 5% and 1%, respectively, during the forecast period. As of June 30, 2023, we placed the most weight on our downside scenario, with the remaining weighting mainly on the baseline scenario and a small weighting on the upside scenario.

Keeping all other factors constant, we estimate that if we had applied 100% weighting to the downside scenario, the allowance for credit losses as of June 30, 2023, would have been approximately $51.8 million higher. This estimate is intended to reflect the sensitivity of the allowance for credit losses to changes in our scenario weights and is not intended to be indicative of future changes in the allowance for credit losses.

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Management believes the allowance for credit losses is appropriate for the current expected credit losses in our loan portfolio and associated unfunded commitments, and the credit risk ratings and inherent loss rates currently assigned are reasonable and appropriate as of the reporting date. It is possible that others, given the same information, may at any point in time reach different conclusions that could result in a significant impact to the Company's financial statements.

The following table sets forth information relating to the allowance for loan losses, charge-offs, recoveries, and the reserve for off-balance sheet credit commitments for the periods indicated:

 

  

Three months ended September 30,

  

Nine months ended September 30,

 
  

2017

  

2016

  

2017

  

2016

 

Allowance for loan losses

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Balance at beginning of period

 $115,809  $122,948  $118,966  $138,963 

Reversal for credit losses

  -   -   (2,500)  (15,650)

Charge-offs :

                

Commercial loans

  (80)  (3,278)  (1,810)  (12,036)

Real estate loans

  (305)  (4,625)  (860)  (5,829)

Total charge-offs

  (385)  (7,903)  (2,670)  (17,865)

Recoveries:

                

Commercial loans

  575   2,006   1,401   3,720 

Construction loans

  47   548   143   7,871 

Real estate loans

  5,489   343   6,195   903 

Total recoveries

  6,111   2,897   7,739   12,494 
                 

Balance at end of period

 $121,535  $117,942  $121,535  $117,942 

Reserve for off-balance sheet credit commitments

                

Balance at beginning of period

 $4,513  $2,124  $3,224  $1,494 

Provision for credit losses

  (259)  100   1,030   730 

Balance at end of period

 $4,254  $2,224  $4,254  $2,224 
                 

Average loans outstanding during the period (1)

 $12,317,721  $10,668,341  $11,668,814  $10,466,764 

Total gross loans outstanding, at period-end (1)

 $12,597,434  $11,010,457  $12,597,434  $11,010,457 

Total non-performing loans, at period-end (2)

 $69,251  $44,359  $69,251  $44,359 

Ratio of net charge-offs/(recoveries) to average loans outstanding during the period (1)

  (0.18%)  0.19%  (0.06%)  0.07%

Provision for credit losses to average loans outstanding during the period (1)

  (0.01%)  0.00%  (0.02%)  (0.19%)

Allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans, at period-end (2)

  181.64%  270.89%  181.64%  270.89%
                 

Allowance for credit losses to gross loans, at period-end (1)

  1.00%  1.09%  1.00%  1.09%

(1) Excluding loans held for sale.

(2) Excluding non-accrual loans held for sale.

Our allowance for loan losses consists of the following:

 • 

Specific allowance: For impaired loans, we provide specific allowances for loans that are not collateral dependent based on an evaluation of the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate and for loans that are collateral dependent based on the fair value of the underlying collateral determined by the most recent valuation information received, which may be adjusted based on factors such as changes in market conditions from the time of valuation. If the measure of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, the deficiency will be charged off against the allowance for loan losses or, alternatively, a specific allocation will be established.

General allowance: The unclassified portfolio is segmented on a group basis. Segmentation is determined by loan type and common risk characteristics. The non-impaired loans are grouped into 19 segments: two commercial segments, ten commercial real estate segments, one residential construction segment, one non-residential construction segment, one SBA segment, one installment loans segment, one residential mortgage segment, one equity lines of credit segment, and one overdrafts segment. The allowance is provided for each segmented group based on the group’s historical loan loss experience aggregated based on loan risk classifications which take into account the current financial condition of the borrowers and guarantors, the prevailing value of the underlying collateral if collateral dependent, charge-off history, management’s knowledge of the portfolio, general economic conditions, environmental factors including the trends in delinquency and non-accrual, and other significant factors, such as the national and local economy, volume and composition of the portfolio, strength of management and loan staff, underwriting standards, and concentration of credit. In addition, management reviews reports on past-due loans to ensure appropriate classification.

  

Three months ended June 30,

  

Six months ended June 30,

 
  

2023

  

2022

  

2023

  

2022

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Allowance for loan losses

                

Balance at beginning of period

 $144,884  $145,786  $146,485  $136,157 

Provision for expected credit losses on loans

  12,205   2,768   15,460   12,107 

Charge-offs:

                

Commercial loans

  (2,352)  (50)  (6,263)  (271)

Real estate loans

  (130)  (1)  (4,120)  — 

Installment and other loans

  (1)  —   (7)  (1)

Total charge-offs

  (2,483)  (51)  (10,390)  (272)

Recoveries:

                

Commercial loans

  442   175   953   534 

Construction loans

  —   —   —   6 

Real estate loans

  61   94   2,601   240 

Total recoveries

  503   269   3,554   780 

Balance at the end of period

 $155,109  $148,772  $155,109  $148,772 
                 

Reserve for off-balance sheet credit commitments

                

Balance at beginning of period

 $13,575  $6,404  $8,730  $7,100 

(Reversal)/provision for expected credit losses on unfunded credit commitments

  (3,050)  (268)  1,795   (964)

Balance at the end of period

 $10,525  $6,136  $10,525  $6,136 
                 

Average loans outstanding during the period

 $18,503,889  $17,530,650  $18,375,402  $17,236,850 

Total gross loans outstanding, at period-end

 $18,952,794  $17,787,888  $18,952,794  $17,787,888 

Total non-performing loans, at period-end

 $74,972  $62,389  $74,972  $62,389 

Ratio of net charge-offs/(recoveries) to average loans outstanding during the period

  0.04%  (0.00%)  0.08%  (0.01%)

Provision for expected credit losses to average loans outstanding during the period

  0.20%  0.06%  0.19%  0.13%

Allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans, at period-end

  220.93%  248.29%  220.93%  248.29%

Allowance for credit losses to gross loans, at period-end

  0.87%  0.87%  0.87%  0.87%

 

The table set forth below reflects management’smanagement’s allocation of the allowance for loan losses by loan category and the ratio of each loan category to the average gross loans as of the dates indicated:

 

  

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

 
      

Percentage of

      

Percentage of

 
      

Loans in Each

      

Loans in Each

 
      

Category

      

Category

 
      

to Average

      

to Average

 
  

Amount

  

Gross Loans

  

Amount

  

Gross Loans

 

Type of Loan:

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Commercial loans

 $51,039   19.1% $49,203   21.1%

Residential mortgage loans (1)

  11,062   24.3   11,620   22.0 

Commercial mortgage loans

  37,402   51.5   34,864   52.2 

Real estate construction loans

  22,008   5.0   23,268   4.7 

Installment and other loans

  24   0.0   11   0.0 

Total

 $121,535   100% $118,966   100%

(1) Residential mortgage loans includes equity lines.

  

June 30, 2023

  

December 31, 2022

 
      

Percentage of

      

Percentage of

 
      

Loans in Each

      

Loans in Each

 
      

Category

      

Category

 
      

to Average

      

to Average

 
  

Amount

  

Gross Loans

  

Amount

  

Gross Loans

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Type of Loan:

                

Commercial loans

 $50,579   17.8% $49,435   18.2%

Real estate construction loans

  12,751   3.1   10,417   3.4 

Commercial mortgage loans

  73,547   48.2   68,366   48.2 

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

  18,214   30.9   18,232   30.2 

Installment and other loans

  18   0.0   35   0.0 

Total loans

 $155,109   100% $146,485   100%

 

The allowance allocated to commercial loans increased $1.8$1.2 million, or 3.7%2.4%, to $51.0$50.6 million at SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, from $49.2$49.4 million at December 31, 2016.2022. The increase is due primarily to commercial loan growth.

The allowance allocated for residential mortgage loans decreased $0.5 million, or 4.3%, to $11.1 million at as of September 30, 2017, from $11.6 million at December 31, 2016the higher risk rating as a result of the decrease in the amount of general allowance determined to be required for residential mortgage loans. .

The allowance allocated to commercial mortgage loans increased $2.5 million, or 7.2%, to $37.4 million at September 30, 2017, from $34.9 million at December 31, 2016 as a result of the increase in the amount of general allowance determined to be required for commercial mortgage loans.higher unemployment growth rate.

 

The allowance allocated to real estate construction loans decreased $1.3increased $2.4 million, or 5.6%23.1%, to $22.0$12.8 million at SeptemberJune 30, 20172023, from $23.3$10.4 million at December 31, 2016.2021. The decreaseincrease is due primarily to the decreasehigher risk rating as a result of higher unemployment growth rate.

The allowance allocated to commercial mortgage loans increased $5.1 million, or 7.5%, to $73.5 million at June 30, 2023, from $68.4 million at December 31, 2022. The increase is due primarily to an increase in commercial mortgage loans and an increase in the amountexpected life for multifamily loans as a result of specific reserves and general allowance determined to be required for construction loans.our annual CECL recalibration.

 

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The allowance allocated for residential mortgage loans and equity lines remained the same at $18.2 million as of June 30, 2023, compared to $18.2 million at December 31, 2022.

 

Deposits

 

Total deposits were $12.6$19.10 billion at Septemberas of June 30, 2017,2023, an increase of $887$591.2 million, or 7.6%,3.2% from $11.7$18.51 billion atas December 31, 2016. 2022.

Total uninsured deposits were $8.42 billion as of June 30, 2023, decreased approximately $0.79 billion, from $9.21 billion as of December 31, 2022. Excluding $0.94 billion in collateralized deposits, the uninsured and uncollateralized deposits of $7.49 billion was 39.2% of total deposits as of June 30, 2023. Our unused borrowing capacity from the Federal Home Loan Bank as of June 30, 2023 was $6.05 billion and unpledged securities at June 30, 2023 was $1.25 billion. These sources of available liquidity, including cash and short term investments, were more than 100% of uninsured and uncollateralized deposits as of June 30, 2023.

The following table displayssets forth the deposit mix as of the dates indicated:

 

  

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

 
  

Amount

  

Percentage

  

Amount

  

Percentage

 

Deposits

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Non-interest-bearing demand deposits

 $2,730,006   21.7% $2,478,107   21.2%

Interest bearing demand deposits

  1,379,100   11.0   1,230,445   10.6 

Money market deposits

  2,370,724   18.9   2,198,938   18.8 

Savings deposits

  925,312   7.4   719,949   6.2 

Time deposits

  5,156,553   41.0   5,047,287   43.2 

Total deposits

 $12,561,695   100.0% $11,674,726   100.0%

  

June 30, 2023

  

December 31, 2022

 
  

Amount

  

Percentage

  

Amount

  

Percentage

 
  (In thousands) 

Deposits

 

 

 

Non-interest-bearing demand deposits

 $3,561,237   18.6% $4,168,989   22.5%

NOW deposits

  2,404,470   12.6   2,509,736   13.6 

Money market deposits

  3,033,868   15.9   3,812,724   20.6 

Savings deposits

  1,131,602   5.9   1,000,460   5.4 

Time deposits

  8,965,826   47.0   7,013,370   37.9 

Total deposits

 $19,097,003   100.0% $18,505,279   100.0%

 

The following table showssets forth the maturity distribution of time deposits as of Septemberat June 30, 2017:2023:

 


  

Time Deposits -under $100,000

  

Time Deposits -

$100,000 and over

  

Total Time

Deposits

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Less than three months

 $320,157  $921,819  $1,241,976 

Three to six months

  320,580   836,506   1,157,086 

Six to twelve months

  371,407   1,704,311   2,075,718 

Over one year

  224,168   457,605   681,773 

Total

 $1,236,312  $3,920,241  $5,156,553 

Percent of total deposits

  9.8%  31.2%  41.0%

  

At June 30, 2023

 
  

Time Deposits -

under $250,000

  

Time Deposits -

$250,000 and over

  

Total Time

Deposits

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Three months or less

 $854,747  $1,071,950  $1,926,697 

Over three to six months

  1,077,442   1,678,042   2,755,484 

Over six to twelve months

  1,691,827   2,536,868   4,228,695 

Over twelve months

  26,790   28,160   54,950 

Total

 $3,650,806  $5,315,020  $8,965,826 
             

Percent of total deposits

  19.1%  27.8%  46.9%

 

Borrowings

 

Borrowings include federalFederal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, funds obtained as advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”)FHLB of San Francisco, and borrowings from other financial institutions.

 

Securities Sold Under AgreementsBorrowings from the FHLB – There were no over-night borrowings from the FHLB as of June 30, 2023, and $150.0 million in over-night borrowings as of December 31, 2022. Advances from the FHLB were $815.0 million at a weighted average rate of 5.31% as of June 30, 2023, and $335.0 million at a weighted average rate of 4.54% as of December 31, 2022. As of June 30, 2023, final maturity for the FHLB advances were $800.0 million in July 2023 and $15.0 million in September 2024. Our unused borrowing capacity from the Federal Home Loan Bank as of June 30, 2023 was $6.05 billion and unpledged securities at June 30, 2023 was $1.25 billion.  Our unused borrowing capacity from the Federal Home Loan Bank as of June 30, 2023 was $6.05 billion and unpledged securities at June 30, 2023 was $1.25 billion.

Junior Subordinated Notes – At June 30, 2023, Junior Subordinated Notes totaled $119.1 million with a weighted average interest rate of 7.19%, compared to Repurchase. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase were $100$119.1 million with a weighted average rate of 2.86% as of September 30, 2017, compared to $350 million with a weighted average rate of 4.06% as of4.01% at December 31, 2016. Final2022. The Junior Subordinated Notes have a stated maturity for the two fixed rate non-callable securities sold under agreements to repurchase was $50.0 million in June 2018 and $50.0 million in July 2018.term of 30 years.

 

These transactions are accounted for as collateralized financing transactions and recorded atFor additional information, see Note 11 to the amounts at which the securities were sold. The Company may have to provide additional collateral for the repurchase agreements, as necessary. The underlying collateral pledged for the repurchase agreements consists of U.S. Treasury securities and mortgage-backed securities with a fair value of $109 million as of September 30, 2017, and $372 million as of December 31, 2016.

Borrowing from the FHLB. As of September 30, 2017, over-night borrowings from the FHLB were $450 million at a rate of 1.16% compared to $275 million at a rate of 0.55% as of December 31, 2016. As of September 30, 2017, the advances from the FHLB were $145 million at a rate of 1.35%. As of September 30, 2017, FHLB advances of $490 million will mature in October 2017, $55 million in 2018 and $50 million in December 2019.Company’s unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Long-term Debt

Long-term debt was $255.2 million as of September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016. Long-term debt is comprised of a $119.1 million Junior Subordinated Notes, which qualify as Tier I capital for regulatory purposes, issued in connection with our various pooled trust preferred securities offerings, and $136.1 million of deferred payments to Bank SinoPac.

Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations

 

The following table summarizes the Company’sCompany’s contractual obligations to make future payments as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017.2023. Payments for deposits and borrowings do not include interest. Payments related to leases are based on actual payments specified in the underlying contracts.contracts:

 

 

Payment Due by Period

 
     

More than

  

3 years or

          

Payment Due by Period

 
     

1 year but

  

more but

              

More than

 

3 years or

        
 

1 year

  

less than

  

less than

  

5 years

          

1 year but

 

more but

        
 

or less

  

3 years

  

5 years

  

or more

  

Total

  

1 year

 

less than

 

less than

 

5 years

    
 

(In thousands)

  

or less

  

3 years

  

5 years

  

or more

  

Total

 
                     

(In thousands)

 

Contractual obligations:

                     

Deposits with stated maturity dates

 $4,474,779  $680,903  $860  $11  $5,156,553  $8,910,876  $52,700  $2,222  $28  $8,965,826 

Non-callable securities sold under agreements to repurchase

  100,000   -   -   -   100,000 

Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank

  540,000   55,000   -   -   595,000  800,000  15,000  —  —  815,000 

Other borrowings

  -   -   -   17,518   17,518  —  —  —  22,428  22,428 

Long-term debt

  -   -   -   119,136   119,136  —  —  —  119,136  119,136 

Deferred payments from acquisition

  -   -   136,056   -   136,056 

Operating leases

  9,820   12,853   8,791   8,052   39,516   11,000   15,215   8,216   1,839   36,270 

Total contractual obligations and other commitments

 $5,124,599  $748,756  $145,707  $144,717  $6,163,779  $9,721,876  $82,915  $10,438  $143,431  $9,958,660 

 

In the normal course of business, we enter into various transactions, which, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles,GAAP, are not included in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.Consolidated Balance Sheets. We enter into these transactions to meet the financing needs of our customers.clients. These transactions include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 

Loan Commitments. - We enter into contractual commitments to extend credit, normally with fixed expiration dates or termination clauses, at specified rates and for specific purposes. Substantially all of our commitments to extend credit are contingent upon customersclients maintaining specific credit standards at the time of loan funding. We minimize our exposure to loss under these commitments by subjecting them to credit approval and monitoring procedures. Management assesses the credit risk associated with certain commitments to extend credit in determining the level of the allowance for credit losses.

 

Standby Letters of Credit. - Standby letters of credit are written conditional commitments issued by us to secure the obligations of a customerclient to a third party. In the event the customerclient does not perform in accordance with the terms of an agreement with the third party, we would be required to fund the commitment. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make is represented by the contractual amount of the commitment. If the commitment is funded, we would be entitled to seek reimbursement from the customer.client. Our policies generally require that standby letter of credit arrangements contain security and debt covenants similar to those contained in loan agreements.

 

Capital Resources

Total equity was $2.0$2.60 billion as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, an increase of $140.2$128.6 million, from $1.8$2.47 billion as of December 31, 2016,2022, primarily due to net income of $150.1$189.2 million, other comprehensive income of $3.2 million, stock-based compensation of $3.0 million, proceeds from dividend reinvestment of $1.8 million and $34.9 million of common stock issued for the acquisitionto directors of SinoPac Bancorp partially$0.9 million, offset by, common stock cash dividends of $50.5$49.3 million, purchases of treasury stock of $16.7 million, and shares withheld related to net share settlement of RSUs of $5.1$3.5 million.

 

The following table summarizes changes in total equity for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017:2023:

 

  

Six months ended

 
  

June 30, 2023

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Net income

 $189,227 

Proceeds from shares issued through the Dividend Reinvestment Plan

  1,834 

Shares withheld related to net share settlement of RSUs

  (3,527)

Purchase of treasury stock

  (16,692)

Stock issued to directors

  850 

RSU vested

  1 

Share-based compensation

  2,958 

Cash dividends paid to common stockholders

  (49,266)

Other comprehensive income

  3,246 

Net increase in total equity

 $128,631 

 

  

Nine months ended

 

(In thousands)

 

September 30, 2017

 

Net income

 $150,102 

Stock issued to directors

  549 

Stock options exercised and RSUs distributed

  1,018 

Proceeds from shares issued through the Dividend Reinvestment Plan

  1,849 

Shares withheld related to net share settlement of RSUs

  (5,127)

Share-based compensation

  3,900 

Other comprehensive income

  3,498 

Equity consideration for acquisition

  34,862 

Cash dividends paid to common stockholders

  (50,491)

Net increase in total equity

 $140,160 

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Capital Adequacy Review

Management seeks to maintain the Company’sretain our capital at a level sufficient to support future growth, protect depositors and stockholders, and comply with various regulatory requirements.

Both Bancorp’s and the Bank’s regulatory capital continued to exceed the regulatory minimum requirements under Basel III rules that became effective January 1, 2015, with transitional provisions as of September 30, 2017. In addition, the capital ratios of the Bank place it in the “well capitalized” category, which is defined as institutions with a common equity tier 1 capital ratio equal to or greater than 6.5%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio equal to or greater than 8%, a total risk-based capital ratio equal to or greater than 10%, and a Tier 1 leverage capital ratio equal to or greater than 5%.

 

The following table presents Bancorp’stables set forth actual and the Bank’srequired capital and leverage ratios as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023 and December 31, 2016:2022 for Bancorp and the Bank under the Basel III Capital Rules. Capital levels required to be considered well capitalized are based upon prompt corrective action regulations, as amended to reflect the changes under the Basel III Capital Rules. See the 2022 Form 10-K for a more detailed discussion of the Basel III Capital Rules.

 

  

Cathay General Bancorp

  

Cathay Bank

 
  

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

  

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Balance

  

%

  

Balance

  

%

  

Balance

  

%

  

Balance

  

%

 
                                 

Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)

 $1,555,919   12.22  $1,459,351   12.84  $1,461,917   12.34  $1,515,096   13.35 

Common equity Tier 1 capital minimum requirement

  573,075   4.50   511,590   4.50   532,962   4.50   510,582   4.50 

Excess

 $981,121   7.68  $947,761   8.34  $927,155   7.80  $1,004,514   8.85 
                                 

Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)

 $1,555,919   12.22  $1,574,806   13.85  $1,461,917   12.34  $1,515,096   13.35 

Tier 1 capital minimum requirement

  764,100   6.00   682,120   6.00   710,616   6.00   680,776   6.00 

Excess

 $789,522   6.18  $892,686   7.85  $748,901   6.30  $834,320   7.35 
                                 

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)

 $1,802,206   14.15  $1,702,144   14.97  $1,587,501   13.40  $1,637,286   14.43 

Total capital minimum requirement

  1,018,800   8.00   909,493   8.00   947,487   8.00   907,701   8.00 

Excess

 $780,343   6.11  $792,651   6.97  $636,814   5.36  $729,585   6.43 
                                 

Tier 1 capital (to average assets) – Leverage ratio

 $1,555,919   10.41  $1,574,806   11.57  $1,461,917   10.54  $1,515,096   11.16 

Minimum leverage requirement

  597,635   4.00   544,614   4.00   554,685   4.00   543,059   4.00 

Excess

 $958,284   6.41  $1,030,192   7.57  $907,232   6.54  $972,037   7.16 
                                 

Risk-weighted assets

 $12,734,995      $11,368,663      $11,843,593      $11,346,260     

Total average assets (1)

 $14,940,863      $13,615,348      $13,867,125      $13,576,477     
  

Actual

  

Minimum Capital

Required - Basel III

  

Required to be Considered

Well Capitalized

 
  

Capital Amount

  

Ratio

  

Capital Amount

  

Ratio

  

Capital Amount

  

Ratio

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 
June 30, 2023                        
                         

Common Equity Tier 1 to Risk-Weighted Assets

                     

Cathay General Bancorp

 $2,309,128   12.38  $1,305,924   7.00  $1,212,643   6.50 

Cathay Bank

  2,382,326   12.80   1,303,002   7.00   1,209,931   6.50 
                         

Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets

                        

Cathay General Bancorp

  2,309,128   12.38   1,585,764   8.50   1,492,484   8.00 

Cathay Bank

  2,382,326   12.80   1,582,217   8.50   1,489,145   8.00 
                         

Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets

                        

Cathay General Bancorp

  2,590,262   13.88   1,958,885   10.50   1,865,605   10.00 

Cathay Bank

  2,547,960   13.69   1,954,503   10.50   1,861,432   10.00 
                         

Leverage Ratio

                        

Cathay General Bancorp

  2,309,128   10.45   884,215   4.00   1,105,269   5.00 

Cathay Bank

  2,382,326   10.78   883,612   4.00   1,104,515   5.00 

 

(1)

The quarterly total average assets reflect all debt securities at amortized cost, equity securities with readily determinable fair values at the lower of cost or fair value, and equity securities without readily determinable fair values at historical cost.
  

Actual

  

Minimum Capital

Required - Basel III

  

Required to be Considered

Well Capitalized

 
  

Capital Amount

  

Ratio

  

Capital Amount

  

Ratio

  

Capital Amount

  

Ratio

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 
December 31, 2022                        
                         

Common Equity Tier 1 to Risk-Weighted Assets

                     

Cathay General Bancorp

 $2,182,066   12.21  $1,250,914   7.00  $1,161,563   6.50 

Cathay Bank

  2,276,830   12.75   1,250,461   7.00   1,161,142   6.50 
                         

Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets

                        

Cathay General Bancorp

  2,182,066   12.21   1,518,967   8.50   1,429,616   8.00 

Cathay Bank

  2,276,830   12.75   1,518,417   8.50   1,429,098   8.00 
                         

Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets

                        

Cathay General Bancorp

  2,452,781   13.73   1,876,371   10.50   1,787,020   10.00 

Cathay Bank

  2,432,045   13.61   1,875,691   10.50   1,786,373   10.00 
                         

Leverage Ratio

                        

Cathay General Bancorp

  2,182,066   10.08   865,470   4.00   1,081,838   5.00 

Cathay Bank

  2,276,830   10.53   864,918   4.00   1,081,148   5.00 

As of June 30, 2023, capital levels at Bancorp and the Bank exceed all capital adequacy requirements under the fully phased-in Basel III Capital Rules. Based on the ratios presented above, capital levels as of June 30, 2023 at Bancorp and the Bank exceed the minimum levels necessary to be considered “well capitalized.”

 

Dividend Policy

 

Holders of common stock are entitled to dividends as and when declared by our Board of Directors out of funds legally available for the payment of dividends. Although we have historically paid cash dividends on our common stock, we are not required to do so. We increased the common stock dividend from $0.24 per share in the fourth quarter of 2017, to $0.31 per share in the fourth quarter of 2018, to $0.34 per share in the fourth quarter of 2021. The amount of future dividends, if any, will depend on our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements and other factors, and will be determined by our Board of Directors. The terms of our Junior Subordinated Notes also limit our ability to pay dividends. Our BoardIf we are not current in our payment of Directors increased the common stock dividend to $0.21 per share in December 2016. The terms ofdividends on our Junior Subordinated Notes, also limitwe may not pay dividends on our ability to pay dividends.common stock.

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The Company declared a cash dividend of $0.21$0.34 per share on 80,795,51275,535,827 shares outstanding on September 1, 2017, for distribution to holders of our common stock on September 11, 2017, $0.21 per share on 79,847,124 shares outstanding on June 1, 2017,May 18, 2023, for distribution to holders of our common stock on June 12, 2017, and $0.21 per share on 79,788,541 shares outstanding on March 1, 2017, for distribution to holders of our common stock on March 10, 2017.09, 2023. The Company paid total cash dividends of $50.5$24.7 million duringin the first nine monthssecond quarter of 2017.2023.

 

Country Risk Exposures

The Company’s total assets were $15.7 billion and total foreign country risk net exposures were $454.7 million as of September 30, 2017. Total foreign country risk net exposures as of September 30, 2017, were comprised primarily of $277.3 million from Hong Kong, $45.6 million from China, $30.8 million from Australia, $25.2 million from France, $15.6 million from Singapore, $13.5 million from Germany, $10.0 million from Virgin Island, $9.3 million from England, $7.6 million from Taiwan, $5.1 million from Canada, $5.0 million from Cayman Island, $4.2 million from Macau, $2.2 million from Indonesia, $1.4 million from Switzerland, $1.1 million from Japan, $0.3 million from New Zealand, and $0.3 million from Venezuela. Risk is determined based on location of the borrowers, issuers, and counterparties.

All foreign country risk net exposures as of September 30, 2017, were to non-sovereign counterparties, except $11.8 million due from the Hong Kong Monetary Authority.

Unfunded loans to foreign entities exposures were $10.7 million as of September 30, 2017, primarily due to $10.0 million of unfunded loans to financial institutions in China and $0.7 million of unfunded loans to borrowers in Canada.

Financial Derivatives

 

It is the policy of theThe Company does not to speculate on the future direction of interest rates. However,As part of the Company’s asset and liability management, however, the Company enters into financial derivatives in order to seek mitigation ofto mitigate exposure to interest rate risks relatedrelated to ourits interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. We believeThe Company believes that these transactions, when properly structured and managed, may provide a hedge against inherent interest rate risk in the Company’sour assets or liabilities and against risk in specific transactions. In such instances, the Company may enter intoprotect its position. Other hedging transactions may be implemented using interest rate swap contractsswaps, interest rate caps, floors, financial futures, forward rate agreements, and options on futures or other types of financial derivatives.bonds. Prior to considering any hedging activities, wethe Company seek to analyze the costs and benefits of the hedge in comparison to other viable alternative strategies. All hedges will require an assessment of basis risk and must be approved by the Bancorp or the Bank’s Investment Committee.

 

The Company follows ASC Topic 815 that establishes accounting and reporting standards for financial derivatives, including certain financial derivatives embedded in other contracts, and hedging activities. It requires the recognition of all financial derivatives as assets or liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheetCompany’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and measurement of those financial derivatives at fair value. The accounting treatment of changes in fair value is dependent upon whether or not a financial derivative is designated as a hedge and, if so, the type of hedge. Fair value is determined using third-party models with observable market data. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, changes in fair value are recognized in other comprehensive income and are reclassified to earnings when the hedged transaction is reflected in earnings. For derivatives designated as fair value hedges, changes in the fair value of the derivatives are reflected in current earnings, together with changes in the fair value of the related hedged item if there is a highly effective correlation between changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps and changes in the fair value of the underlying asset or liability that is intended to be hedged. If there is not a highly effective correlation between changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap and changes in the fair value of the underlying asset or liability that is intended to be hedged, then only the changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps are reflected in the Company’s consolidatedConsolidated Financial Statements.

The Company offers various interest rate derivative contracts to its clients. When derivative transactions are executed with its clients, the derivative contracts are offset by paired trades with third-party financial statements.institutions including with central counterparties (“CCP”). Certain derivative contracts entered with CCPs are settled-to-market daily to the extent the CCP’s rulebooks legally characterize the variation margin as settlement. Derivative contracts are intended to allow borrowers to lock in attractive intermediate and long-term fixed rate financing while not increasing the interest rate risk to the Company. These transactions are generally not linked to specific Company assets or liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets or to forecasted transactions in a hedging relationship and, therefore, are economic hedges. The contracts are marked to market at each reporting period. The changes in fair values of the derivative contracts traded with third-party financial institutions are expected to be largely comparable to the changes in fair values of the derivative transactions executed with clients throughout the terms of these contracts, except for the credit valuation adjustment component.  The Company records credit valuation adjustments on derivatives to properly reflect the variances of credit worthiness between the Company and the counterparties, considering the effects of enforceable master netting agreements and collateral arrangements. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had outstanding interest rate derivative contracts with certain clients and third-party financial institutions with a notional amount of $640.4 million and $595.4 million, respectively, with a fair value of $50.0 million and $50.0 million, respectively, for both clients and third-party financial institutions. As of June 30, 2023, there were no interest rate swaps cleared through the CCP. As of December 31, 2022, the notional amount of $205.6 million of interest rate swaps cleared through the CCP. Applying variation margin payments as settlement to CCP cleared derivative transactions resulted in a reduction in derivative asset fair values of $20.2 million as of December 31, 2022. The decrease in interest rate swaps cleared through the CCP is a result of the Company moving to SOFR based swaps and no longer entering into Libor based swaps that are cleared through CCP.

 

In May 2014, Bancorp entered into interest rate swap contracts in the notional amount of $119.1 million for a period of ten years. The objective of these interest rate swap contracts, which were designated as hedging instruments in cash flow hedges, was to hedge the quarterly interest payments on Bancorp’sBancorp’s $119.1 million of Junior Subordinated Debentures that had been issued to five trusts, with the quarterly interest payments throughout the ten-year period beginning in June 2014 and ending in June 2024, from the risk of variability of these payments resulting from changes in the three-month LIBOR interest rate. Bancorp paysThe Company early terminated these cash flow derivative swaps in 2022 and realized a weighted average fixedgain of $4.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and is recognizing the amount as a reduction of long-term debt interest rate of 2.61% and receives a variable interest rateexpense over the remaining life of the three-month LIBOR atswaps on a weighted average rate of 1.32%.straight-line basis. As of September 30, 2017,December 31, 2022, the notional amountineffective portion of cash flowthese interest rate swaps was $119.1 million and their unrealized loss of $2.3 million, net of taxes, was included in other comprehensive income.not significant. The amount of periodic net settlement of the interest rate swaps included in interest expense was $407,000a net gain of $484 thousand for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 compared to $588,000 for the same quarter2022 and a year ago. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the periodic net settlementgain of interest rate swaps included in interest expense was $1.3 million compared to $1.8$1.2 million for the same period in 2016.six months ended June 30,2022.

 

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, the Bank has entered intoBank’s outstanding fair value interest rate swap contracts with various terms from four to eight years. These interest rate swap contracts are matched to individual fixed-rate commercial real estate loans in the Bank’s loan portfolio.had a notional amount of $90.0 million with a fair value of $6.1 million and various terms from three to ten years. These contracts have been designated as hedging instruments to hedge the risk of changes in the fair value of the underlying commercial real estate loanloans due to changes in interest rates. The swap contracts are structured so that the notional amounts reduce over time to match the contractual amortization of the underlying loan and allow prepayments with the same pre-payment penalty amounts as the related loan. The Bank pays a weighted average fixed rate of 4.55% and receives a variable rate at the one month LIBOR rate plus a weighted average spread of 293 basis points, or at a weighted average rate of 4.16%. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, the notional amount of fair value interest rate swaps was $510.6 million2023, and their unrealized gain of $1.9 million was included in other non-interest income. The amount of periodic net settlement of interest rate swaps reducing interest income was $514,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $879,000 for the same quarter a year ago. The amount of periodic net settlement of interest rate swaps reducing interest income was $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $2.8 million for the same period a year ago. As of September 30, 2017,2022, the ineffective portion of these interest rate swaps was not significant.

The Company has designated as a partial-term hedging election $668.6 million notional with a fair value of $25.8 million, as last-of-layer hedge on pools of loans with a notational value of $1.17 billion as of June 30, 2023. The loans are not expected to be affected by prepayment, defaults, or other factors affecting the timing and amount of cash flows under the last-of-layer method. The Company has entered into these pay-fixed and receive 1-Month LIBOR or 1-Month Term SOFR interest rate swaps to convert the last-of-layer $668.6 million portion of $1.17 billion fixed rate loan pools in order to reduce the Company’s exposure to higher interest rates for the last-of-layer tranches. As of June 30, 2023, the last-of-layer loan tranche had a fair value loss basis adjustment of $24.7 million. The interest rate swap converts this last-of-layer tranche into a floating rate instrument. The Company’s risk management objective with respect to this last-of-layer interest rate swap is to reduce interest rate exposure as to the last-of-layer tranche.

 

Interest rate swap contracts involve the risk of dealing with institutional derivative counterparties and their ability to meet contractual terms. Institutional counterparties must have a strong credit profile and be approved by the Company’sCompany’s Board of Directors. The Company’s credit exposure on interest rate swaps is limited to the net favorable value and interest payments of all swaps by each counterparty. Credit exposure may be reduced by the amount of collateral pledged by the counterparty. Bancorp’s interest rate swaps have been assigned by the counterparties to a derivativesderivative clearing organization and daily margin is indirectly maintained with the derivativesderivative clearing organization. CashThere was no cash collateral deposit posted as collateral by Bancorp related to fair value derivative contracts totaled $6.3as of June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

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The notional amount and net unrealized loss of the Company’s fair value derivative financial instruments as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were as follows:

  

June 30, 2023

  

December 31, 2022

 
  

(In thousands)

 
Fair value swap hedges:        

Notional

 $758,655  $874,034 

Weighted average fixed rate-pay

  1.82%  2.12%

Weighted average variable rate spread

  0.38%  0.68%

Weighted average variable rate-receive

  5.19%  2.61%
         

Unrealized gain/(loss), net of taxes (1)

 $31,954  $38,589 

  

Three months ended

  

Six months ended

 
  

June 30, 2023

  

June 30, 2022

  

June 30, 2023

  

June 30, 2022

 

Periodic net settlement of swaps (2)

 $7,070  $484  $13,406  $1,172 

(1) the amount is included in other non-interest income.

(2) the amount of periodic net settlement of interest rate swaps was included in interest income.

Included in the total notional amount of $758.7 million of the fair value interest rate contracts entered into with financial counterparties as of June 30, 2023, was a notional amount of $448.1 million of interest rate swaps that cleared through the CCP. Applying variation margin payments as settlement to CCP cleared derivative transactions resulted in a reduction in derivative asset fair values of $18.8 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017.

The2023.The Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts with various counterparties to mitigate the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates for foreign exchange certificates of deposit or foreign exchange contracts entered into with our clients. These contracts are not designated as hedging instrumentsinstruments and are recorded at fair value in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the fair value of these contracts as well as the related foreign exchange certificates of deposit and foreign exchange contracts are recognized immediately in net income as a component of non-interest income. Period end gross positive fair values are recorded in other assets and gross negative fair values are recorded in other liabilities. As of September 30, 2017, the

The notional amount of option contracts totaled $12.3 million with a net negativeand fair value of $234,000. As of September 30, 2017, spot, forward, and swap contracts with a total notional amount of $69.3 million had a positive fair value of $1.7 million. Spot, forward, and swap contracts with a total notional amount of $86.6 million had a negative fair value of $1.1 millionthe Company’s derivative financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017. As of2023, and December 31, 2016,2022, not including interest rate swaps cleared through the notional amount of option contracts totaled $12.1 million with a net negative fair value of $121,000. As of December 31, 2016, spot, forward, and swap contracts with a total notional amount of $82.4 million had a positive fair value of $1.3 million. Spot, forward, and swap contracts with a total notional amount of $89.5 million had a negative fair value of $3.1 millionCCP, were as of December 31, 2016.follows:

 

Derivative financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments:

 

June 30, 2023

  

December 31, 2022

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Notional amounts:

        

Forward, and swap contracts with positive fair value

 $890,093  $72,996 

Forward, and swap contracts with negative fair value

 $689,593  $170,213 

Fair value:

        

Forward, and swap contracts with positive fair value

 $50,663  $448 

Forward, and swap contracts with negative fair value

 $(50,647) $(942)

 

Liquidity

Liquidity is our ability to maintain sufficient cash flow to meet maturing financial obligations and customerclient credit needs, and to take advantage of investment opportunities as they are presented in the marketplace. Our principal sources of liquidity are growth in deposits, proceeds from the maturity or sale of securities and other financial instruments, repayments from securities and loans, federalFederal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and advances from the FHLB. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2023, our average monthly liquidity ratio (defined as net cash plus short-term and marketable securities to net deposits and short-term liabilities) was 14.0%13.5% compared to 12.6%13.7% as of December 31, 2016.2022.

 

Before merging on October 27, 2017, the two subsidiary banks of the Company were both shareholdersThe Bank is a shareholder of the FHLB, of San Francisco, enabling themwhich enables the Bank to have access to lower costlower-cost FHLB financing when necessary. As of SeptemberAt June 30, 2017,2023, the two subsidiary banks’Bank had an approved credit line with the FHLB totaled $5.5of San Francisco totaling $7.71 billion. AdvancesTotal advances from the FHLB of San Francisco were $595.0$815.0 million and standby letterletters of creditscredit issued by the FHLB on the Company’s behalf were $100.7$807.1 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017. The2023. These borrowings bear fixed rates and are secured by the Bank’s loans. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. At June 30, 2023, the Bank expects to be able to continue to access this source of funding, if required, in the near term. The Bank has pledged a portion$503.1 thousand of its commercial loans and $1.3 million of securities to the Federal Reserve Bank’s Discount Window under the Borrower-in-Custody program to secure these borrowings. As of September 30, 2017, theprogram. The Bank had borrowing capacity underof $1.6 million from the Borrower-in-Custody program was $47.3 million.Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window at June 30, 2023.

 

Liquidity can also be provided through the sale of liquid assets, which consist of federal funds sold, securities soldsecurities purchased under agreements to repurchase,resell, and unpledged investment securities. As of Septembersecurities available-for-sale. At June 30, 2017,2023, investment securities totaled $1.4$1.49 billion, with $291.4$235.1 million pledged as collateral for borrowings and other commitments. The remaining $1.1 billionbalance was available as additional liquidity or to be pledged as collateral for additional borrowings. At June 30, 2023, $1.10 billion of unpledged treasuries, U.S. agency securities, U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities or CMO based on current cost are available for pledging to the Federal Reserve Bank’s Bank Term Funding Program.

 

Approximately 87.0%99.4% of the Company’sour time deposits mature within one year or less as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017.2023. Management anticipates that these deposits will reprice higher as a result of the increases in the target Fed funds rate that started in early 2022. Management anticipates that there may be some outflow of these deposits upon maturity due to among other factors, the keen competition in the Bank’s marketplace. However, based on our historical run-offrunoff experience, we expect that the outflow will not be minimalsignificant and can be replenished through our normal growth in deposits. ManagementAs of June 30, 2023, management believes all the above-mentioned sources will provide adequate liquidity toduring the next twelve months for the Bank to meet its daily operating needs.

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The business activities of Bancorp consist primarily of the operation of the Bank and limited activities in other investments. The Bank paid dividends to Bancorp totaling $113.4$81.0 million in 2016 and $208.2$130.0 million induring the first nine monthssecond quarter of 2017.2023 and 2022, respectively.

 

Item 3.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

 

WeWe use a net interest income simulation model to measure the extent of the differences in the behavior of the lending and funding rates to changing interest rates, so as to project future earnings or market values under alternative interest rate scenarios. Interest rate risk arises primarily through the Company’s traditional business activities of extending loans and accepting deposits. Many factors, including but not limited to economic, market and financial conditions, movements in interest rates, and consumer preferences, affect the spread between interest earned on assets and interest paid on liabilities. The net interest income simulation model is designed to measure the volatility of net interest income and net portfolio value, defined as net present value of assets and liabilities, under immediate rising or falling interest rate scenarios in 100 basis point increments.

 

Although the modeling is verycan be helpful in managing interest rate risk, it does require significant assumptionsassumptions for the projection of loan prepayment rates on mortgage related assets, loan volumes and pricing, and deposit and borrowing volume and pricing, that might prove inaccurate. Because these assumptions are inherently uncertain, the model cannot precisely estimate net interest income, or precisely predict the effect of higher or lower interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from simulated results due to the timing, magnitude, and frequency of interest rate changes, the differences between actual experience and the assumed volume, changes in market conditions, and management strategies, among other factors. The Company monitors its interest rate sensitivity and attemptsseeks to reduce the risk of a significant decrease in net interest income caused by a change in interest rates.

 

We have established a tolerance level in our policy to define and limit net interest income volatility to a change of plus or minus 5% when the hypothetical rate change is plus or minus 200 basis points. When the net interest rate simulation projects that our tolerance level will be met, or exceeded, we seek corrective action after considering, among other things, market conditions, customerclient reaction, and the estimated impact on profitability. The Company’s simulation model also projects the net economic value of our portfolio of assets and liabilities. We have established a tolerance level in our policy to limit the loss in the net economic value of our portfolio of assets and liabilities to zero when the hypothetical rate change is plus or minus 200 basis points.

 

The table below shows the estimated impact of changes in interest ratesrates on net interest income and market value of equity as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017:2023:

 

  

Net Interest

  

Market Value

  

Net Interest

 

Market Value

 
  

Income

  

of Equity

  

Income

 

of Equity

 

Change in Interest Rate (Basis Points)

Change in Interest Rate (Basis Points)

 

Volatility (1)

  

Volatility (2)

  

Volatility (1)

 

Volatility (2)

 

+200

   8.9   3.1 

+100

   4.5   1.8 

200

 9.9  -8.0 

100

 4.9  -3.9 
-100   -1.9   4.9  -5.9  2.8 
-200   -4.7   -0.9  -13.6  8.7 

 

(1)

The percentage change in this column represents net interest income of the Company for 12 months in a stable interest rate environment versus the net interest income in the various rate scenarios. Much of the increase in net interest income is due to the lag in the repricing of certificates of deposits which mature throughout the twelve month period.

(2)

The percentage change in this column represents the net portfolio value of the Company in a stable interest rate environment versus the net portfolio value in the various rate scenarios.

 

Item 4.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.PROCEDURES.

 

The Company’sCompany’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. Based upon their evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports filed or submitted by it under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in such reports is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

 

There has not been any change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the thirdsecond quarter of 20172023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

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PART II– OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

 

Bancorp’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Cathay Bank, is a party to ordinary routine litigation fromFrom time to time, Bancorp and its subsidiaries are parties to litigation that arise in the ordinary course of business or otherwise are incidental to various aspects of its operations. Management does not believe thatBased upon information available to the Company and its review of any such litigation iswith counsel, management presently believes that the liability relating to such litigation, if any, would not be expected to have a material adverse impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, or results of operations.operations or liquidity taken as a whole. The outcome of litigation and other legal and regulatory matters is inherently uncertain, however, and it is possible that one or more of the legal matters currently pending or threatened against the Company could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity taken as a whole.

 

Item 1A.     1A.RISK FACTORS.

 

There isExcept as set forth below, there have been no material change into the risk factors as previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, of the Company’s Annual2022 Form 10-K. In addition to the below information and the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-K for10-Q, you should carefully consider the year ended December 31, 2016, in response to Item 1Arisk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, of the Company’s 2022 Form 10-K.10-K, which could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and stock price. The risk factors disclosed in the 2022 Form 10-K, as supplemented by the below, are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties, including those not presently known to the Company or that the Company presently believes not to be material, could also materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations and stock price.

 

Risks Related to Recent Events Impacting the Financial Services Industry

Recent events impacting the financial services industry, including the failure of Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank and First Republic Bank, have resulted in decreased confidence in banks among consumer and commercial depositors, other counterparties and investors, as well as significant disruption, volatility and reduced valuations of equity and other securities of banks in the capital markets. These events occurred during a period of rapidly rising interest rates which, among other things, has resulted in unrealized losses in longer duration securities and loans held by banks, more competition for bank deposits and may increase the risk of a potential recession. These recent events have, and could continue to, adversely impact the market price and volatility of the Company’s common stock.

These recent events may also result in potentially adverse changes to laws or regulations governing banks and bank holding companies or result in the impositions of restrictions through supervisory or enforcement activities, including higher capital requirements, which could have a material impact on our business. Inability to access short-term funding, loss of client deposits or changes in our credit ratings could increase the cost of funding, limit access to capital markets or negatively impact our overall liquidity or capitalization. We may be impacted by concerns regarding the soundness or creditworthiness of other financial institutions, which can cause substantial and cascading disruption within the financial markets and increased expenses. The cost of resolving the recent bank failures may prompt the FDIC to increase its premiums above the recently increased levels or to issue additional special assessments.

 

ItemITEM 2.UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

 

 

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

 
 

Period

 

(a) Total

Number of

Shares (or Units)

Purchased

  

(b)

Average

Price Paid

per Share

(or Unit)

  

(c) Total

Number of

Shares

(or Units)

Purchased as

Part of

Publicly

Announced

Plans or

Programs

  

(d) Maximum

Number (or

Approximate

Dollar Value) of

Shares (or Units)

that May Yet Be

Purchased Under

the Plans or

Programs

 
 

Month #1 (July 1, 2017 - July 31, 2017)

  0   $0   0   $7,543,008 
 

Month #2 (August 1, 2017 - August 31, 2017)

  0   $0   0   $7,543,008 
 

Month #3 (September 1, 2017 - September 30, 2017)

  0   $0   0   $7,543,008 
 

Total

  0   $0   0   $7,543,008 

None.

 

For a discussion of limitations on the payment of dividends, see “Dividend Policy” and “LiquiditLiquidityy” under Part I—Item 2— “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

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Item 3.DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.

 

Not applicable.

 

Item 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

 

Not applicable.

 

Item 5.OTHER INFORMATION.

 

None.

None.

 

Item 6.EXHIBITS.

 

Exhibit 3.1

Restated Certificate of Incorporation. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 29, 2016, as an exhibit to Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference.

Exhibit 3.1.1

Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 29, 2016, as an exhibit to Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference.

Exhibit 3.2

Amended and Restated Bylaws, effective February 16, 2017. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 17, 2017, as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.

Exhibit 3.3

Certificate of Designation of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2012, as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference.

Exhibit 3.4

Certificate of Designation of Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series B. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 3, 2014, as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.

Exhibit 31.1

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.+

Exhibit 31.2

Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.+

 

Exhibit 31.2

Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.+

Exhibit 32.1

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.++

Exhibit 32.2

Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.++

  

Exhibit 101.INS

Inline XBRL Instance Document *– the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document*

  

Exhibit 101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*

Exhibit 101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*

Exhibit 101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*

Exhibit 101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*

Exhibit 101.PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*

Exhibit 104

Cover Page Interactive Data File – the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document*

 

____________________

+

Filed herewith.

++

FiledFurnished herewith.

 

++

Furnished herewith.

*

XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) information shall not be deemed to be filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, shall not be deemed to be filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise shall not be subject to liability under these sections, and shall not be incorporated by reference into any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

Filed electronically herewith.

 

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SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

Cathay General Bancorp

(Registrant)

(Registrant)

Date: November 7, 2017  
  

/s/ Pin Tai

Pin Tai

Chief Executive Officer and President

Date: November 7, 2017

August 8, 2023 
 

/s/ Chang M. Liu

Chang M. Liu

President and Chief Executive Officer

Date: August 8, 2023

/s/ Heng W. Chen

 
 

Heng W. Chen

Executive Vice President and

Chief Financial Officer

 

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